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  • 1
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    How chimpanzees cooperate in a competitive world [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-07
    Description: Our species is routinely depicted as unique in its ability to achieve cooperation, whereas our closest relative, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), is often characterized as overly competitive. Human cooperation is assisted by the cost attached to competitive tendencies through enforcement mechanisms, such as punishment and partner choice. To examine if...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans [Anthropology] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-24
    Description: Archaeologists argue that the replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans was driven by interspecific competition due to a difference in culture level. To assess the cogency of this argument, we construct and analyze an interspecific cultural competition model based on the Lotka−Volterra model, which is widely used in ecology, but...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Dispersal of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via the Canadian fur trade [Evolution] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-20
    Description: Patterns of gene flow can have marked effects on the evolution of populations. To better understand the migration dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we studied genetic data from European M. tuberculosis lineages currently circulating in Aboriginal and French Canadian communities. A single M. tuberculosis lineage, characterized by the DS6Quebec genomic deletion, is at highest frequency among Aboriginal populations in Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Alberta; this bacterial lineage is also dominant among tuberculosis (TB) cases in French Canadians resident in Quebec. Substantial contact between these human populations is limited to a specific historical era (1710–1870), during which individuals from these populations met to barter furs. Statistical analyses of extant M. tuberculosis minisatellite data are consistent with Quebec as a source population for M. tuberculosis gene flow into Aboriginal populations during the fur trade era. Historical and genetic analyses suggest that tiny M. tuberculosis populations persisted for ∼100 y among indigenous populations and subsequently expanded in the late 19th century after environmental changes favoring the pathogen. Our study suggests that spread of TB can occur by two asynchronous processes: (i) dispersal of M. tuberculosis by minimal numbers of human migrants, during which small pathogen populations are sustained by ongoing migration and slow disease dynamics, and (ii) expansion of the M. tuberculosis population facilitated by shifts in host ecology. If generalizable, these migration dynamics can help explain the low DNA sequence diversity observed among isolates of M. tuberculosis and the difficulties in global elimination of tuberculosis, as small, widely dispersed pathogen populations are difficult both to detect and to eradicate.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    A human genome diversity cell line panel (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cann, Howard M -- de Toma, Claudia -- Cazes, Lucien -- Legrand, Marie-Fernande -- Morel, Valerie -- Piouffre, Laurence -- Bodmer, Julia -- Bodmer, Walter F -- Bonne-Tamir, Batsheva -- Cambon-Thomsen, Anne -- Chen, Zhu -- Chu, J -- Carcassi, Carlo -- Contu, Licinio -- Du, Ruofu -- Excoffier, Laurent -- Ferrara, G B -- Friedlaender, Jonathan S -- Groot, Helena -- Gurwitz, David -- Jenkins, Trefor -- Herrera, Rene J -- Huang, Xiaoyi -- Kidd, Judith -- Kidd, Kenneth K -- Langaney, Andre -- Lin, Alice A -- Mehdi, S Qasim -- Parham, Peter -- Piazza, Alberto -- Pistillo, Maria Pia -- Qian, Yaping -- Shu, Qunfang -- Xu, Jiujin -- Zhu, S -- Weber, James L -- Greely, Henry T -- Feldman, Marcus W -- Thomas, Gilles -- Dausset, Jean -- Cavalli-Sforza, L Luca -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 12;296(5566):261-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11954565" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Specimen Banks ; *Cell Line ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; DNA/genetics ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; *Lymphocytes ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Twin studies, heritability, and intelligence (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feldman, M W -- Otto, S P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 21;278(5342):1383-4; author reply 1386-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aging/genetics ; Humans ; Intelligence/*genetics ; Linear Models ; Models, Statistical ; Research Design ; Twin Studies as Topic/*statistics & numerical data ; Twins, Dizygotic/genetics ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Genetic structure of human populations (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: We studied human population structure using genotypes at 377 autosomal microsatellite loci in 1056 individuals from 52 populations. Within-population differences among individuals account for 93 to 95% of genetic variation; differences among major groups constitute only 3 to 5%. Nevertheless, without using prior information about the origins of individuals, we identified six main genetic clusters, five of which correspond to major geographic regions, and subclusters that often correspond to individual populations. General agreement of genetic and predefined populations suggests that self-reported ancestry can facilitate assessments of epidemiological risks but does not obviate the need to use genetic information in genetic association studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenberg, Noah A -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- Weber, James L -- Cann, Howard M -- Kidd, Kenneth K -- Zhivotovsky, Lev A -- Feldman, Marcus W -- GM28428/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2381-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Computational Biology, 1042 West 36th Place DRB 289, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. noahr@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Algorithms ; Alleles ; Americas ; Analysis of Variance ; Asia ; Cluster Analysis ; Europe ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Drift ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genetics, Medical ; *Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Geography ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Language ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle East ; Pacific Islands ; Probability ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Evolutionary rate in the protein interaction network (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: High-throughput screens have begun to reveal the protein interaction network that underpins most cellular functions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. How the organization of this network affects the evolution of the proteins that compose it is a fundamental question in molecular evolution. We show that the connectivity of well-conserved proteins in the network is negatively correlated with their rate of evolution. Proteins with more interactors evolve more slowly not because they are more important to the organism, but because a greater proportion of the protein is directly involved in its function. At sites important for interaction between proteins, evolutionary changes may occur largely by coevolution, in which substitutions in one protein result in selection pressure for reciprocal changes in interacting partners. We confirm one predicted outcome of this process-namely, that interacting proteins evolve at similar rates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraser, Hunter B -- Hirsh, Aaron E -- Steinmetz, Lars M -- Scharfe, Curt -- Feldman, Marcus W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):750-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. hunter@ocf.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Fungal ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Footprinting ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    High sex ratios in China's future (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-10
    Description: In China in recent years, male live births have exceeded those of females by amounts far greater than those that occur naturally in human populations, a trend with significant demographic consequences. The resulting imbalance in the first-marriage market is estimated to be about 1 million males per year after 2010. These "excess" males were not easily accommodated in models with substantial changes in first-marriage patterns. The current sex ratio at birth has little effect on a couple's probability of having at least one son, so future increases in the sex ratio may well occur, especially given increasing access to sex-selective abortion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tuljapurkar, S -- Li, N -- Feldman, M W -- HD-16640/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):874-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies, Department of Bioloical Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7846529" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Female ; Fertility ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Male ; Marriage ; Probability ; *Sex Ratio
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Genetic data and the african origin of humans (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pritchard, J K -- Feldman, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 29;274(5292):1548a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17816997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Genetic data and the African origin of humans (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pritchard, J K -- Feldman, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Nov 29;274(5292):1548-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8966621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Antigens, CD4/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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