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  • Springer  (48,717)
  • 1980-1984  (44,784)
  • 1925-1929  (3,933)
  • 1983  (44,784)
  • 1925  (3,933)
  • 101
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    Development genes and evolution 104 (1925), S. 434-496 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Werden Hausratten (Epimys rattus L.) oder Wanderratten (E. decumanus Pall.) bei konstanten Temperaturen aufgezogen, so zeigen dieselben unter sonst gleichen Bedingungen bei den verschiedenen äußeren Wärmegraden auch nach Erlangung der Geschlechtsreife verschiedene relative Schwanzlänge, welche durch Messung der Entfernung (S) von der Schwanzspitze bis zum After und jener (K) vom After bis zur Schnauzenspitze der auf den Rücken gelegten und sanft auf die ebene Unterlage angedrückten narkotisierten Ratte bestimmt wird. 2. Zwischen + 5° und + 40° C ist bei den jungen albinotischen Wanderratten der Unterschied der relativen Schwanzlängen (K ∶ S) für je 5 Celsiusgrade auf halbe Hundertstel abgerundet 0,035, genauer 0,0374. 3. Diese relative Zahl ist die gleiche für das Alter von II Wochen wie für jenes zwischen VII und VIII Wochen. 4. Die Resultate stehen in Übereinstimmung mit den bloß auf vereinzelte Temperaturen bezüglichen, einschlägigen Messungen an der nahe verwandten Hausmaus (Mus musculus L.) nach den Versuchen vonF. B. Sumner undE. S. Sundstroem. 5. Sumners graduell geringeren Abweichungen sind auf die großen Schwankungen in seinen Temperaturbedingungen zurückzuführen. 6. Die Luftfeuchtigkeit hat in den Versuchen mit Ratten (ebenso wahrscheinlich inSumners Mäuseversuchen nachSundstroems Ergebnissen) keine ausschlaggebende Rolle für die Schwanzlänge gespielt, außer wenn bei niedriger Außentemperatur hohe Luftfeuchtigkeit eine raschere Abgabe der Körperwärme mit sich bringen mußte.
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  • 102
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    Development genes and evolution 105 (1925), S. 294-301 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 103
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    Development genes and evolution 105 (1925), S. 385-429 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Schlußfolgerung Wir sahen in dieser Arbeit, daß unsere einfachen Erklärungsprinzipien, die monodische Entwicklung und die Probiose, eine ausreichende Erklärung aller charakteristischen Erscheinungen der Ontogenese geben können, ohne spezielle Hypothesen in Anspruch nehmen zu müssen. Im folgenden Teil werden wir sehen, daß man mit derselben Leichtigkeit mit denselben Prinzipien mit wunderbarer Präzision alle die an Ei, isolierten Blastomeren, Eiteilen, Blastulateilen usw. erhaltenen Ergebnisse erklären kann. Dies wird das experimentum crucis unserer Erklärungen sein.
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  • 104
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    Development genes and evolution 105 (1925), S. 470-472 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 105
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    Development genes and evolution 105 (1925), S. 610-632 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 106
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    Development genes and evolution 105 (1925), S. 667-676 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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  • 107
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    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 42-44 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Gastrulation ; Adenylate cyclase ; cAMP phosphodiesterase ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural localization of adenylate cyclase (E.C. 4.6.1.1.) and cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) (E.C. 3.1.4.17.) in the ectoderm of the developmental stage 4 chick embryo was studied. Adenylate cyclase was localized in the lateral surfaces of the ectodermal cells. In the primitive streak cells the enzymatic activity was observed on all the lateral surfaces, whereas in the periphery of the blastoderm the reaction product was localized in the apical parts of the lateral plasma membranes only. cAMP PDE localized in the apical cytoplasm of the ectodermal cells, with highest activity in the globular projections.
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  • 108
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    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 45-47 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Neuralizing factor ; Transmission ; Mesoderm ; Extracellular material ; Triturus embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The neural plates of very early neurula stages of Triturus alpestris were removed, the material which is released from the extracellular space between mesoderm and neural plate to the medium in which the embryos were dissected was isolated and extracted with phenol. The protein isolated from the phenol layer showed neural inducting activity. Proteoglycans isolated from the aqueous layer did not show such inducing activity. These results together with previously published experiments (Wilhelm Roux's Arch 184: 285–299) suggest that a neuralizing factor which is released from the mesoderm acts on the inner surface of the overlying dorsal ectoderm.
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  • 109
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    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 103-107 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Cell Surface ; Drosophila melanogaster ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; protein changes ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Drosophila cell lines have provided popular material for study of the mechanisms by which steroid hormones regulate cellular events. Previous investigations at the organismic or organ level have suggested that ecdysteroids are bound by a cytoplasmic receptor, and that the resulting complex translocates to the nucleus where it results in active transcription of a few genes. The protein products of these primary responding genes then modulate a larger series of secondary transcriptional changes. In cultured cells, other investigators have detected the hormonally-induced synthesis of only 4–5 new polypeptides through 72 h of treatment. Although these proteins may represent the gene products associated with the primary response, this small number of changes is surprising in view of the rapid morphological alteration of the cells and changes in such surface-mediated behavior as substrate adhesion and agglutinability observed within the same time interval. In this report, we show that lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination followed by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography provide an effective protocol for visualizing cell surface proteins of a Drosophila cell line. Among the more than 175 labeled species detected, comparisons of control cells with those treated by 20-hydroxyecdysone for 72 h shows at least 27 differences. We interpret these differences as the result of the secondary transcriptional response to the hormone.
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  • 110
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    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 327-332 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Hydra ; Morphogen ; Inhibitor I ; Head inhibitor ; Foot inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A fraction has been purified from crude extracts ofHydra, termed inhibitor I, which inhibits budding as well as head and foot regeneration. This fraction has been proposed by others to contain (at least) two substances, a head inhibitor (HI) and a foot inhibitor (FI), which preferentially inhibit head and foot regeneration respectively. The present study indicates that the reported fractionation is an artefact produced by the chromatographic procedure used. Substances can be eluted from virgin Dowex 50 which preferentially inhibit head regeneration. These substances are formed in the resin if left standing in its hydrogen form. Further, we have not been able to confirm that the extract from heads preferentially inhibits head regeneration and the extract from feet preferentially inhibits foot regeneration. Rather it appears that the inhibitor I is contained both in the head and in the foot.
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  • 111
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    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 347-352 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Fertilization ; Self and non-self recognition ; Follicle cells ; Ascidian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The self-sterility ofHalocynthia roretzi from Mutsu Bay, Japan, was examined. This sterility is strict and not a single egg can be fertilized in self-sterile animals. Less than 2% of the animals were self-fertile (with 100% cross-fertility). All heterologous sperm can fertilize all eggs, although there are pairs of individuals in which the coelomocytes recognize each other as self. Eggs deprived of follicle cells cannot be fertilized by either autologous or heterologous spermatozoa. Detached autologous or heterologous follicle cells can reattach to the chorion in calcium-enriched sea water and the reconstituted eggs recover their ability to be fertilized. A “mosaic egg” can therefore be obtained, which consists of oocyte, test cells and chorion originating from one individual and follicle cells from another. The “mosaic egg” was used to determine the site of recognition of self and non-self. The results indicate that the recognition resides in the chorion and/or test cells, probably the chorion. The relationship between somatic alloreactivity, previously found in coelomocytes ofH. roretzi, and gamete reactivity is discussed.
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  • 112
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    Development genes and evolution 192 (1983), S. 337-346 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Gynandromorphs ; Genital disc ; Compartments ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genital imaginal disc ofDrosophila differentiates the terminalia, i.e. the genitalia and analia, of both sexes. It represents a composite anlage, containing a female genital primordium, a male genital primordium and an anal primordium. In normal males and females, only one of the two genital primordia differentiates; the other is developmentally repressed. Therefore, cell-lineage relationships between the male and female genital primordia can only be studied in sexual mosaics which differentiate female and male cells. We producedMinute (M)‖non-Minute(M+) gynandromorphs and selected those with sexually mosaic terminalia for a cell-lineage analysis. In these mosaics, either the male (XO) or female (XX) cells wereM + and thus had a growth advantage. The differential growth rates served as a tool to detect clonal restrictions. In control gynandromorphs (M +‖M +), the amount of female genitalia differentiated was largely independent of the amount of male genitalia present. In contrast, male and female anal structures, as a rule, added up to one full set. The same was true for the experimentalM‖M + gynandromorphs, but the contribution ofXX andXO cells to mosaic terminalia changed drastically due toM + cells competing successfully against the more slowly growingM cells. Specific subsamples ofM‖M + gynandromorphs showed thatM cells in a non-mosaic primordium are shielded from cell competition taking place in the neighbouring mosaic primordium. We conclude that the three primordia of the genital disc represent developmental compartments. In the genital primordia, even developmentally repressedM + cells compete successfully against developmentally activeM cells.
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  • 113
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 119-120 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
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  • 114
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les résultats sont établis à partir d'expériences concernant l'action de la reine sur la croissance et le développement des grosses larves hivernantes appartenant à 6 espèces deMyrmica. Elles montrent que: - Chez toutes les espèces, les reines empêchent le développement des «gynes» (jeunes reines non fécondées) à partir des grosses larves et tendent à diminuer le temps qui s'écoule entre le début de la croissance et la nymphose. - Le mécanisme de reconnaissance et d'inhibition des larves sexuées a été déjà étudié en détail chezMyrmica rubra L. parM.V. Brian. Il est actuellement démontré que ce mécanisme est commun à toutes les espèces deMyrmica; le développement des larves sexuées de chacune des espèces peut être supprimé par l'action des reines et des ouvrières de n'importe quelle autre espèce. - les larves des différentes espèces se développent à des vitesses différentes, quelle que soit l'espèce des ouvrières nourrices. De la plus rapide à la plus lente, on trouve le plus souvent:Myrmica ruginodis Nyl. (à la fois les variétésmacrogyna et microgyna), Myrmica sulcinodis Nyl.,M. rubra, Myrmica scabrinodis Nyl. etMyrmica sabuleti Meinert. - Les espèces peuvent être rangées dans le même ordre quand elles élèvent des larves appartenant à la même espèce, quelle que soit cette espèce. Cela montre qu'il s'agit d'une caractéristique propre à la fois aux larves et aux ouvrières nourrices.
    Notes: Summary The results are given from experiments on the effect of a queen upon the growth and development of large hibernated larvæ of six species ofMyrmica. These show that: - In all the species queens suppress the development of gynes (young unfertilised queens) from large larvae and tend to decrease the time between onset of growth and pupation. - The mechanism by which workers recognise and suppress gyne potential larvæ has been studied in detail previously forMyrmica rubra L. byM.V. Brian. This is now shown to be the same in the other commonMyrmica species; larvæ of any species can be suppressed by the queens and workers of any other species. - The larvæ of the different species develop at different rates regardless of the species of the workers rearing them. The larvæ rank:—Myrmica ruginodis Nyl. (both vars.,macrogyna andmicrogyna), Myrmica sulcinodis Nyl.,M. rubra, Myrmica scabrinodis Nyl. andMyrmica sabuleti Meinert—in order from the fastest to the slowest grower. - The species also rank in this order when they all rear the same larval species, regardless of the species of larvæ, showing that this is a trait of the nurse workers as well as a trait of the larvæ.
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  • 115
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 123-133 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The large ponerine antPachycondyla tridentata possesses 28 abdominal dermal complex glands, inclusive the poison gland and the atrophied Dufour's gland. This is the maximal number of abdominal glands ever found in ants and other hymenoptera. Most of them are intersegmental complex glands and glands which are associated with the sting apparatus. On the other hand, the Dufour's gland is atrophied to a small amount of cells restricted to the base of the aculeus (Maschwitz et al., 1981). Intersegmental tergal and sternal glands of various size were found between the IIIrd and IVth, IVth and Vth, Vth and VIth, and between the VIth and VIIth abdominal tergites and sternites. Tergo-sternal glands are located at the junction of the tergite and sternite in each gaster segment. In addition we found intersegmental dorsolateral and lateroventral glands between the IVth and Vth, Vth and VIth and between the VIth and VIIth abdominal sternites and tergites. With exception of the Janet's gland (tergal gland, ab. tergite VI/VII, pygidial gland sensuKugler, 1978) distinct reservoirs are lacking. At the ventral glands S2 (sternites IV/V) and S3 (sternites V/VI) we found enlarged intersegmental membranes, which can be used as a reservoir. Well developed epithelial glandular cells were found on the Vth and VIth abdominal sternites. Here the epithelial layers are sunked into a depression of the sternites. Other, less developed epithelial glandular cells are situated on both sides of the VIIth abdominal sternite. Glands which are associated with the sting apparatus were found at the spiracular plates, at the triangular plates, at the quadrate plates, in the gonostyli and on the base of the gonostyli. There are two types of gland cells in the gonostyli, some single gland cells, each drained by a cuticular ductule, and epithelial glandular cells. In the smallPachycondyla tesserinoda these glands are partly lacking. The functions of the glands are unknown. They probably do not all produce pheromones.P. tridentata is extremely hard sclerotized. Because of this, these glands possibly have to grease the intersegmental area, for a better mobility of the ant. This would not exclude pheromonal or further functions. Further comparative investigations on strongly sclerotized ants are planned.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die große PonerinePachycondyla tridentata verfügt über 28 abdominale Hautdrüsen, einschließlich der Gift- und der Dufourdrüse. Das ist das Maximum an Abdominaldrüsen, das bisher bei Ameisen und auch bei anderen Hymenopteren gefunden wurde. Die Dufourdrüse ist dagegen bis auf wenige Zellen im Aculeus atrophiert. Die meisten dieser Drüsenorgane finden sich intersegmental zwischen den Abdominalsegmenten und den Skleriten des Stachelapparates. Komplexdrüsen unterschiedlicher, Größe liegen tergal wie sternal zwischen dem III. und IV., IV. und V., V. und VI. und VI. und VII. Abdominalsegment. Nahe den Tergit- und Sternitecken finden sich z. T. große, hier als Tergosternaldrüsen bezeichnete Ansammlungen von Drüsenzellen. Zusätzlich sind Drüsenorgane dorsolateral und lateroventral zwischen dem IV. und V., V. und VI. sowie zwischen dem VI. und VII. Abdominalsegment angelegt. Die Sekrete dieser Organe gelangen über die abführenden Kanäle nach außen. Mit Ausnahme bei der Janetschen Drüse fehlen distinkte Reservoire. Bei den ventralen Drüsen S1 (Segment IV/V) und S3 (Segment V/VI) sind Ansätze zu einem Reservoir vorhanden. Weiterhin befinden sich zwei Epitheldrüsen auf dem V. und VI. Abdominalsternit. Beide sind in der Form eines Ovals fenstherähnlich indie Sternite eingesenkt. Eine weitere epitheliale Drüse befindet sich zu beiden Seiten des VII. Abdominalsternits. Drüsen innerhalb der Stachelkammer fanden wir an den Spirakularplatten, an den Triangulären Platten, an den Quadratischen Platten, in den Stachelscheiden und auf der Stachelscheidenbasis. Der nahe verwandten kleinenPachycondyla tesserinoda fehlt ein Teil dieser Drüsen. Die Funktionen der neuaufgefundenen Drüsenorgane sind unbekannt. Sicherlich haben sie nicht alle Pheromon- oder Allomonfunktionen.P. tridentata zeichnet sich durch ein besonders hart sklerotisiertes Integument aus. Die Sekrete dieser Drüsen könnten als “Schmierdrüsen” fungieren, zur besseren Beweglichkeit des Abdomens und des Stachelapparates. Dies schließt pheromonale oder andere Funktionen nicht aus. Weitere Untersuchungen an hart sklerotisierten Ameisenarten sind geplant.
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  • 116
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume On décrit pour la première fois chez le mâle deParischnogaster nigricans serrei (Du Buysson) etP. mellyi (Saussure), des glandes tégumentaires monocellulaires situées au bord antérieur du troisième tergite gastral. Le rôle de la sécrétion produite par ces glandes pourrait être lié à l'exhibition de bandes blanches abdominales relatives à la stratégie d'accouplement de ces espèces.
    Notes: Summary Tegumental glands, described for the first time, clustered along the anterior margin of the third gastral tergite of maleParischnogaster nigricans serrei (Du Buysson) andP. mellyi (Saussure) produce a secretion whose function may be connected with the white stripes display and mating system of these species.
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  • 117
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 443-454 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Lorsque des reines vierges de la fourmi de feu sont soustraites à l'influence de la phéromone inhibitrice produite par la reine, elles perdent leurs ailes plus facilement en présence d'ouvrières qu'en leur absence. Lorsqu'elles sont isolées pendant 72 heures après la levée de l'inhibition, un nombre significativement plus grand de reines vierges ayant hiverné perdent leurs ailes, par rapport aux reines vierges élevées au printemps. Toutefois, les nombres d'individus perdant leurs ailes en présence d'ouvrières sont similaires. Après désinhibition, quelques reines vierges immatures perdent leurs ailes. Les sexués vierges désailés sont capables de prévenir la perte des ailes chez d'autres sexués vierges. Les divers facteurs influençant la déalation chez les reines vierges ont été utilisés afin de développer un essai biologique pour la phéromone inhibitrice produite par la reine deS. invicta.
    Notes: Summary Virgin queens of the fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren, that were removed from the influence of the inhibitory queen pheromone, dealated more readily in the presence of workers than in their absence. During 72 hours after disinhibition, a significantly greater number of overwintered virgin queens than spring-reared virgin queens dealated when they were isolated, but the numbers that dealated in the presence of workers were very similar. Some sexually immature virgin queens dealated after disinhibition. Virgin dealates were found to be capable of preventing other virgin queens from dealating. The various factors that influence dealation by virgin queens were used to develop a bioassay for the inhibitory queen pheromone ofS. invicta.
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  • 118
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Arbeiter in jungen Laborkolonien vonMacrotermes michaelseni undOdontotermes montanus produzieren Fäkalienhäufchen, können diese aber nicht mit Pilz inokulieren. Diese Häufchen werden wieder aufgefressen und die Kolonien sterben, wenn zum Zeitpunkt des Fouragierbeginns der ersten arbeiter kein Pilzgarten von einer Feldkolonie zugegeben wird. in dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob Arbeiter dieser beiden Arten Pilzgarten produzieren, wenn sie mit Basidiosporen der entsprechendenTermitomyces Art gefüttert wurden. Wurde den ersten Arbeitern Basidiosporen auf Filterpapier angeboten, so produzierten 92.5 % derM. michaelseni Kolonien und 85 % derO. montanus Kolonien Pilzgarten. Wurden Basidiosporen in einer Wassersuspension auf die innere Nestoberfläche vonO. montanus Kolonien verabreicht, bildeten 82.5 % der Kolonien Pilzgarten.
    Notes: Summary Wonkers in incipient laboratory colonies ofMacrotermes michaelseni andOdontotermes montanus build fæcal combs but are unable to inoculate these combs with fungus. These combs are eaten up and the colonies die unless fungus comb from a field colony is introduced when the first workers start foraging. This study investigated whether workers of the two species could produce fungus comb when fed on basidiospores of the appropriateTermitomyces species. When the first workers were offered basidiospores on filter paper, 92.5 % ofM. michaelseni colonies and 85 % ofO. montanus colonies produced fungus combs. When basidiospores were offered toO. montanus in a water suspension on the inner surface of the nest, 82.5 % of colonies produced fungus combs.
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  • 119
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 45-56 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Plusieurs loci allozymiques polymorphes (amylase, esterase-1, esterase-3) ont servi de marqueurs génétiques pour l'analyse de quelques aspects du comportement social de deux formes de couleur différente (en réalité des espèces jumelles) de la fourmi à viande,Iridomyrmex purpureus. Quelques données laissent penser que les mâles haploïdes proviennent d'œufs pondus par la reine, et non pas d'œufs pondus par les ouvrières. Il semble qu'une assez grande proportion de colonies d'I. purpureus s.s. et de la forme bleue puisse avoir plus d'une reine. ChezI. purpureus s.s., l'organisation des colonies est souple: on observe de petites colonies qui ont leur propre territoire, dans lesquelles les ouvrières se distinguent génétiquement comme de simples unités de famille, et des grandes colonies à plusieurs nids avec de fréquents échanges d'ouvrières entre les nids. On peut considérer cette souplesse d'organisation comme une réponse aux types très variables d'habitat qu'occupe cette forme de fourmi à viande.
    Notes: Summary Several polymorphic allozyme loci (Amylase, Esterase-1, Esterase-3) have been used as genetic markers for the analysis of some aspects of social behaviour in two colour forms (actually sibling species) of meat ants,Iridomyrmex purpureus. A small amount of data suggests that haploid males are probably produced from eggs laid by the queen, and not by the workers. It appears that a substantial proportion of colonies of bothI. purpureus sens. strict, and the blue form of meat ants, may contain more than one queen. InI. purpureus sens. strict, colony organization is flexible, ranging from small, territorially distinct colonies in which the workers are recognizable genetically as single family units, to very large multi-nest colonies with considerabe exchange of workers between nests. This flexibility is seen as a response to the very variable types of habitat in which this form of meat ant occurs.
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  • 120
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 100-105 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Des intermédiaires morphologiques entre les espècesLasius alienus etLasius niger s'avèrent occuper un espace phénotypique différent de ces espèces lorsqu'on utilise les isozymes-estérases et la morphologie comme critères de séparation. Ces résultats contrastent avec ceux obtenus précédemment parWilson (1955), sur la base du seul (et même) critère morphologique.
    Notes: Summary Morphological intermediates between the ant speciesLasius alienus andLasius niger are shown to occupy a different phenotypic space toL. alienus andL. niger, using esterase isozymes and morphology as the criteria for separation. This finding contrasts with a previous investigation byWilson (1955), based on (the same) morphological criteria alone.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 367-375 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
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    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Une bourgade deLasioglossum (E.) laticeps fut découverte sur les falaises de Charmouth, Dorset, où des nids débouchaient dans des fissures de la glaise. Les rayons de couvain de printemps et d'été étaient entourés par une cavité, agrandie à mesure de l'augmentation du nombre de cellules.L. (E.) laticeps est une abeille sociale primitive, comme le démontre la proportíon élevée des mâles dans le premier couvain (24 %) et les faibles différences morphologiques dans la caste femelle: les ouvrières sont, en moyenne, 8 % plus petites que les reines. Cette espèce semble avoir une organisation plus primitive parmi les quatre espèces du groupe deL. (E.) malachurum sur lesquelles on a des informations.
    Notes: Summary An aggregation ofLasioglossum (Evylaeus) laticeps (Schenck) was discovered on the cliffs at Charmouth, Dorset, where nests were initiatied in cracks in the clay soil. The cell clusters of both spring and summer broods were surrounded by a cavity which was enlarged as the number of cells increased.L. (E.) laticeps appears to have the most primitive social organisation of the four species of theL. (E.) malachurum species group for which data are available. Thus there is a high proportion of males in the first brood (24 %) and the morphological caste differences are slight: workers are, on average, 7 % smaller than the queens.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 376-383 
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    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Le temps requis pour l'élevage des reines et l'essaimage des abeilles mellifères d'une race de souche européenne est décrit. Les cellules royales furent construites en moins d'une journée après le retrait de la reine. Plus de 91 % des reines qui ont éclos étaient au stade d'œuf lors du retrait de la reine. Les cellules royales furent distribuées uniformément sur la surface des rayons, et 4 % du couvain élevé pour la production de reines fut déplacé des cellules d'ouvrières aux cellules royales. Il y eut de considérables variations quant au nombre de cellules royales qui furent viables, avortées et inoccupées. Suivant l'absence de la reine, le taux de mortalité du couvain fut élevé. Avec l'émergence de reines vierges, l'essaimage s'est formé dans 6 des 8 colonies étudiées. Ces résultats diffèrent d'études antérieures sur la perte royale chez des abeilles mellifères d'évolution tropicale en ce qui concerne le temps requis pour produire une nouvelle reine, la fréquence d'essaimage lié à la perte de la reine, ainsi que le déplacement du couvain par les ouvrières.
    Notes: Summary The timing of queen rearing and swarming are described after queens were removed from colonies of European-derived honey bee races. Queen cell construction began within one day of queen loss, and 91 % of the queens which emerged were eggs at the time of queen loss. Queen cells were evenly distributed over the comb face, and 4 % of the brood reared as queens were moved from worker cells to queen cups. There was considerable variation in the number of queen cells which were viable, aborted, and unoccupied. Brood mortality was high following queen loss. Six of the eight study colonies swarmed following the emergence of a virgin queen. These results differ from previous studies of queen loss in tropically-evolved honey bees in the timing of new queen production and the frequency of queen-loss swarming and of brood movement by workers.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 461-465 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei diesen Formen handelt es sich um Interkasten mit männlichen Einflüssen in den Kutikulastrukturen. Bei der PharaoameiseMonomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidæ) fanden wir Gynergatandromorphe, Ergatogynandromorphe, Androgynergatomorphe und Androergatogynomorphe. Beobachtungen über die Biologie und Verhalten dieser Formen, die experimentell erzeugt werden können, werden mitgeteilt.
    Notes: Summary The new forms are intercasts with male influences in the cuticle structures. In the pharaoh's antMonomorium pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidæ) we found gynergatandromorphs, ergatogynandromorphs, androgynergatomorphs and androergatogynomorphs. Observations on the biology and behaviour of these forms which can be produced experimentally are included.
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  • 124
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Le comportement de tissage du cocon du dernier stade larvaire et les modifications ontogéniques durant le stade pupal (temps compris entre l'operculation et l'émergence) sont décrits dans cet article pourPolistes annularis. La durée moyenne de ce stade est de 18.80±1.12 jours soumis aux conditions naturelles autour d'Athens. Un tableau et une clef de détermination peuvent être utilisés pour déterminer l'âge de la pupe selon l'apparence externe.
    Notes: Summary Spinning behavior of the last larval instar and ontogenetic changes during the pupal stage (the period of time from capping to emergence) inPolistes annularis are described. The average duration of this stage is 18.80±1.12 days under natural conditions in the Athens area. A table and a key which may be used to determine pupal age according to their external appearance are provided.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 466-481 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les ouvrières chezOdontomachus bauri reconnaissent les homospécifiques d'autres colonies et les fourmis d'espèces différentes comme étant étrangères. La reconnaissance spécifique de la colonie est basée sur la présence d'odeurs endogènes dans les différentes parties du corps. Les substances responsables de ces odeurs sont volatiles, insolubles dans l'eau et solubles dans CH2Cl2. On n'a pas pu détecter une influence du milieu sur le système de reconnaissance. On démontre l'existence de différences dans les proportions relatives des substances volatiles des phéromones céphaliques et abdominales entre les colonies. On propose done que la reconnaissance des compagnons du nid est basée sur quelques différences dans les proportions relatives des substances volatiles produites dans les différentes parties du corps. On présente aussi des preuves de défense territoriale. Contrairement à ce que l'on trouve chez d'autres espèces, le marquage chimique du territoire n'est pas nécessaire pour la reconnaissance du territoire. Finalement, on analyse la possibilité d'une relation entre les systèmes de reconnaissance des compagnons du nid et le comportement territorial, et on présente une hypothèse évolutive sur leurs développements.
    Notes: Summary Odontomachus bauri workers recognize conspecifics from other colonies and ants from different species as aliens. Colony specific recognition is based on endogenous odours, present in the different body parts. The chemicals responsible for these odours are volatiles, insoluble in water and soluble in CH2Cl2. No influence of the environment on the recognition signals could be detected. Evidence of intercolony differences in the relative proportions of the different volatile substances of cephalic and abdominal pheromones are presented. Thus, it is postulated that nestmate recognition is based on relative proportions of volatiles produced by the ant in different parts of the body. On the other hand, evidence of territorial defence is presented. Territorial pheromones, in case they exist in this species, are not necessary for recognition of territories, as is the case in other ant species. The possible relationship between nestmate recognition systems and territorial behaviour is discussed and an evolutionary hypothesis of their development is presented.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 482-495 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume On a recherché les effets de trois variables—isolement social, hormone juvénile et protéines alimentaires—sur le volume des corps allates des ouvrières de l'abeille domestique. Une régression négative a été trouvée entre le traitement par l'hormone juvénile et le volume des CA. L'isolement social, ainsi que les protéines alimentaires dans certains contextes sociaux, ont un effet positif significatif sur le volume des CA. Les effets de ces variables sur le comportement ont été mesurés en isolant une ouvrière avec une reine et en enregistrant les éventuelles interactions agressives. Dans tous les cas, il existe une relation positive entre le volume des CA et l'agressivité. Donc, le traitement par l'hormone juvénile a un effet négatif sur l'agressivité aussi bien que sur le volume des CA. L'isolement social et l'augmentation des protéines alimentaires ont tous deux des effets positifs sur l'agressivité et le volume des CA.
    Notes: Summary The effects of three variables—social isolation, juvenile hormone treatment, and dietary protein—on the volume of the corpora allata in worker honeybees were tested. A significant negative regression was found between juvenile hormone treatment and CA volume. Social isolation has a significant positive effect on CA volume, as does dietary protein in some social contexts. The behavioral effects of these treatment variables were measured by pairing an individual worker with a queen and recording aggressive interactions, if they occurred. In all cases a positive relationship exists between CA volume and aggressiveness. Thus JH treatment has a negative effect on aggressiveness as well as on CA volume. Social isolation and increasing dietary protein both have positive effects on aggressiveness and CA volume.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 221-234 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Myrmica hirsuta Elmes est un parasite social inhabituel deMyrmica sabuleti Meinert. La récolte de plusieurs centaines de nids deM. sabuleti révèle que moins de 2% des nids contiennent des individus deM. hirsuta. M. sabuleti vit habituellement en parairie, de sorte que la présence du parasite ne peut habituellement être détectée que par l'excavation du nid. Pratiquement, cela signifie que le parasite ne peut être trouvé que par hasard. Nos expérience ayant été faites sur un matériel biologique ainsi récolté, elles ne sont pas aussi équilibrées et répétées que dans le cas où l'échantillon expérimental est illimité. Malgré ces réserves, les expériences révèlent quelques différences intéressantes entre la physiologie sociale deM. hirsuta et celle de son hôte. M. hirsuta a 2 types de reines: des petits individus non fécondés qui n'ont aucun effet réel sur une colonie et des formes fécondées, plus grandes, qui ont sur les larves deM. sabuleti un ≪effet royal≫ similaire à celui des reines deM. sabuleti. Les grandes reines proviennent de larves de taille moyenne qui sont passées par une période d'hibernation. Le type plus petit de reine se développe plus probablement à partir de petites larves dont la croissance n'a pas été suffisante avant l'hibernation ou peut-être à partir de larves partiellement ≪réprimées≫ par ≪l'effet royal≫. En conséquence, celles-ci constituent un type de caste ouvrière. Généralement, les larves deM. hirsuta ne paraissent pas affectées par le type de ≪répression≫ ≪effet de la reine≫. Les reines deM. hirsuta commencent à pondre plus tôt que les reines deM. sabuleti et paraissent capables de retarder le début de l'oviposition des reines hôtes lorsqu'elles sont élevées ensemble. Une preuve indirecte suggère que le fait que des œufs soient disponibles en tant que nourriture peut être important pour la survie des larves du parasite. Nous proposons un cycle de vie pourM. hirsuta à partir du petit mombre de faits rapportés dans cet article.
    Notes: Summary Myrmica hirsuta Elmes is an uncommon social parasite ofMyrmica sabuleti Meinert. Collection of several hundredM. sabuleti nests indicate that less than 2% are infested byM. hirsuta. M. sabuleti usually live in grassland so that the presence of the parasite can be detected only by nest excavation; practically, this means that it is not possible to obtain experimental material other than by chance. The experiments reported in this paper have been made on material collected in this way and consequently they are not as well balanced or replicated as would be desired were unlimited experimental stock available. Despite these reservations the experiments do show some interesting differences between the social physiology ofM. hirsuta and its host. M. hirsuta has two types of queen, either small unfertilised individuals that have no real effect on a colony or larger fertilised forms that have a “queen effect” on are produced from medium sized larvæ that have had a period of hibernation. The smaller type of queen most likely develop from small larvæ that had not grown sufficiently before hibernation or perhaps from larvæ partly suppressed by “queen effect”. These are in effect a type of worker caste. GenerallyM. hirsuta larvæ seem unaffected by the suppression type “queen effect”. M. hirsuta queens start egg-laying earlier thanM. sabuleti queens and seem to be able to retard the onset of oviposition by the host queens when cultured together. Indirect evidence suggest that the availability of eggs as food may be important to the survival of the parasitic larvæ. A conjectural life cycle is proposed forM. hirsuta, based upon the present meagre evidence.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Leptothorax grouvellei Bondroit is described again for the worker caste, described for the unknown queens and males, using material from Dieulefit (Drôme, France) and compared withL. niger Forel.L. grouvellei is a supramediterranean species, calcicolous and less thermophilous thanL. niger. It is monogynic and nests in ground. Laboratory rearing demonstrates the presence of overwintering brood, rapid brood and late eggs. Workers can live at least two years. Swarming takes place early in the morning.
    Notes: Resume Leptothorax grouvellei Bondroit est redécrit pour la caste ouvrière, décrit pour les reines et les mâles d'après des exemplaires de Dieulefit (Drôme, France) et comparé avecL. niger Forel, espèce la plus proche.L. grouvellei est une espèce supraméditerranéenne, des terrains calcaires, moins thermophile queL. niger. L'espèce est monogyne et installe son nid en pleine terre. En élevage, on observe la présence de couvain hivernant, de couvain rapide et d'œufs tardifs. La longévité moyenne des ouvrières est de deux ans au moins. L'essaimage a lieu le matin, de bonne heure.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 259-273 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Le parasite social obligatoire,Vespula austriaca (Panzer), après avoir réussi à s'introduire dans une colonie, a montré une dominance ouverte et physique sur les ouvrières de l'espèce hôte,V. acadica (Sladen). Des comportements agonistiques, tels que l' «écharpement», la poursuite et la «flagellation» des ouvrières, ont été souvent observés au cours de l'observation des 5 colonies parasitisées. Les parasites sollicitent plus souvent les ouvrières que les larves pour la nourriture liquide, et participent ordinairement à des trophallaxies tant typiques que forcées. L'agressivité du parasite est plus marquée pendant les premiers stades de l'occupation de la colonie; elle est moins fréquente et marquée aux stades ultérieurs de la colonie. Une période d'oviposition brève et probablement «intense», s'est produite au moment où l'agressivité parasitaire était augmentée. Cette espèce parasite présente de nombreuses activités semblables à celles d'une autre espèce de Vespinés,Dolichovespula arctica (Rohwer), telles que hyperactivité, traînement de l'abdomen, construction minimum du nid et absence de défense de la colonie. Mais elle a aussi des interactions différentes. Il n'y a pas d'attraction des ouvrières pour le parasite; il y a inhibition du développement ovarien chez les ouvrières, par le parasite; l'agressivité diminue dans les derniers stades de développement de la colonie. Nous admettons comme hypothèse queV. austriaca maintient son contrôle sur la colonie par une combinaison d'interactions directes et forcées avec les ouvrières, au moyen de phéromones.
    Notes: Summary The obligate social parasite,Vespula austriaca (Panzer), after successfully usurping a colony, displayed overt physical dominance of the host workers,V. acadica (Sladen). Agonistic inquiline behavior such as mauling, chasing workers, and flailing were commonly observed during observations of 5 parasitized colonies. The parasites solicited workers more frequently than larvæ for liquid nourishment, and commonly engaged in both typical and forced trophallaxis. Aggressiveness of the parasite was more intense during the early stages of colony occupation, and was less frequent and vigorous in the later stages of the colony. A brief, and probably intense, oviposition period occurred during the period of heightened parasite aggression. This species exhibited many activities similar to those of another vespine inquiline,Dolichovespula arctica (Rohwer), such as hyperactivity, gastral dragging, minimal nest construction and lack of colony defense, but also displayed some contrasting interactions. There was an absence of worker attraction to the inquiline, an inhibition of worker ovarian development by the parasite, and decreased aggression in later colony stages. It is hypothesized thatV. austriaca maintains colony control through an interplay of direct and forceful interactions with workers and by the use of pheromones.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 287-297 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume La polygynie et le vol nuptial ont été étudiés dans une super-colonie de fourmis rousses japonaisesFormica (Formica) yessensis Forel à Ishikari Coast, Hokkaido, Japon. Les principaux résultats sont les suivants: 1. La distribution verticale des reines dans les nids varie en fonction de la saison: les reines préfèrent les zones profondes en hiver (40 à 60 cm sous la surface du sol) et les zones peu profondes en été (10 à 40 cm). Cette distribution est positivement corrélée avec celle des ouvrières, excepté entre mi-juillet et la période de pré-hibernation. 2. Dans les nids, les reines tendent à s'agréger dans les mêmes chambres sans hostilité. Toutes ont des ovaires développés pendant la période de production du couvain. 3. La production des sexués est généralement abondante, mais peut parfois faire complètement défaut. 4. Les nouvelles reines «fécondées» tendent à retourner à la colonie-mère, alors que la plupart des femelles vierges essayent de voler plus loin.
    Notes: Summary Polygyny and nuptial flight were observed in a supercolony of a Japanese red wood antFormica (Formica) yessensis Forel at Ishikari Coast, Hokkaido, Japan. The main results are: 1. The vertical distribution of queens in nests seasonally fluctuated, preferring deeper parts (mainly 40 to 60 cm below the ground surface) in hibernation season but shallower parts (10 to 40 cm) in summer. This fluctuation was significantly correlative with that of the vertical distribution of workers except mid July to prehibernation season. 2. In nests the queens tended to aggregate with each other at same chambers without hostility. They all had developed ovaries in egg laying season. 3. Abundant sexuals were produced in the average year, but occasional absence of such mass production was also possible. 4. The inseminated new queens tended to return to the mother colony, while most virgins tried to fly away.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 3-8 
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 9-26 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The selective marking of individuals allowed us to analyse and quantify closely the digging activity of workers ofReticulitermes lucifugus santonensis, thus showing an obvious link between progression through the different stages and building activities. The young workers stay in the vicinity of the nest, engaging in frequent contacts with their congeners (lickings, trophallaxy, palpations, etc...) while the older individuals exhibit increased building and exploratory behaviours, with greater independence. A progression according to the different stages appears in the duration and repetition of digging activities, as well as in velocity and regularity of gallery digging. However for stages 7 and 8, the progression is no longer significant, all the older workers seeming to possess the same adaptations for building. As workers progress from one stage to another, they are inclined to spend less time in trophallaxy or licking and more time in other activities. Nevertheless, our results tend to suggest that the division of labor is extremely complex among the Isoptera and that the behavioural variability and plasticity of the workers prevent any rigid assignment of activities for any stage. It seems that the differences in the activities are due to different adaptations which might come from a maturation process.
    Notes: Resume Le marquage sélectif des individus a permis d'analyser et de quantifier rigoureusement l'activité de construction des ouvriers deReticulitermes lucifugus santonensis, mettant ainsi en évidence une corrélation entre la progression des stades et cette activité. Les jeunes ouvriers restent de préférence autour du couvain, procédant à des attouchements fréquents avec leurs congénères (léchage, trophallaxie, palpations ...), tandis que les ouvriers des stades âgés ont un comportement constructeur et exploratoire qui leur confère une grande indépendance vis-à-vis du couvain. Une progression s'établit en fonction des stades, tant en ce qui concerne la durée et la répétition des actes de forage, que la vitesse et la régularité de construction des galeries. Toutefois, à partir du state 7, la progression n'est plus significative, les ouvriers des stades supérieurs semblent tous posséder la même adaptation au travail de construction. Ainsi, en évoluant d'un stade à un autre, les ouvriers ont tendance à passer moins de temps en trophallaxie et en léchage et plus à d'autres activités. Néanmoins, nos résultats montrent que la division du travail est extrêment complexe chez les Isoptères, et que la variabilité et la plasticité des comportements des ouvriers empêchent des conclusions rigides quant à la réelle activité de chaque stade. Il semble que les différences d'activités sont dues à des différences d'adaptation pouvant relever d'une ≪maturation≫.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Nasutitermes octopilis Banks est une espèce de termite abondante dans la région de Kartabo et d'autres régions forestières de Guyane. Elle vit dans du bois mort humide et développe des galeries semblables à celles de certaines espèces de Rhinotermitidæ. Elle ne construit pas de chemins couverts, mais creuse des tunnels dans le sol et la litière de la forêt. Les soldats deNasutitermes octopilis peuvent soutenir une attaque et attaquer plus efficacement que les soldats des autres espèces deNasutitermes communes dans la région. Leurs sécrétions sont répulsives pour les fourmis et rendent moins acceptables, en tant que nourriture pour certaines espèces de fourmis, des ouvriers de termite pris dans des groupes d'ouvriers et de soldats qui ont combattu avec une ou plusieurs fourmis. Les différences dans la composition chimique des sécrétions de soldats deN. octopilis et des autres individus du genre sont à mettre en parallèle avec les différences de réactions induites chez les fourmis. Nous n'avons trouvé aucune preuve du caractère toxique ou de différence de «viscosité» dans les sécrétions de soldats chez les individus appartenant à d'autres espèces du même genre. Les soldats deN. octopilis sont très lents à émettre leur sécrétion et ne se précipitent pas à l'extérieur lorsque les galeries sont endommagées. Ils restent avec les ouvriers et, en émettant peu, ils peuvent fournir une protection pendant des intervalles plus longs que lesNasutitermes de même taille qui émettent plus facilement et plus vite. En outre, les sécrétions des autres espèces deNasutitermes ne semblent pas rendre moins acceptables, en tant qu'éléments de nourriture, leurs ouvriers qui ont déjà combattu. L'abondance des autres espèces deNasutitermes paraît être liée à la construction de chemins couverts et de nids cartonnés durables.
    Notes: Summary Nasutitermes octopilis Banks is an abundant termite in the Kartabo area and other forested regions of Guyana. It lives in moist dead wood, with a gallery development similar to that seen in some species of Rhinotermitidæ. It does not build covered runways; instead, it tunnels in soil and forest floor litter.N. octopilis soldiers can withstand ant attack more effectively than soldiers of other commonNasutitermes species in the erea. Their secretion appears to be repellent to ants, and renders worker termites selected from groups of workers and soldiers that have been in combat with one or more ants less acceptable as food to certain ant species. Pronounced differences in chemical composition between the secretions ofN. octopilis soldiers and other members of the genus are paralleled by differences in reactions elicited from ants. No evidence of toxicity or difference in “stickiness” from soldier secretions of members of other species of the genus was obtained.N. octopilis soldiers are very slow to fire their secretion, and do not rush out when the galleries are disturbed. Instead, they remain with the workers, and, by firing sparingly, can provide protection for longer intervals than similar-sized nasutes which fire more readily. In addition, secretions of otherNasutitermes species do not seem to render their combat-veteran workers less acceptable as food items. The abundance of the other species ofNasutitermes seems to be related to the building of covered runways and durable carton nests.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 317-322 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume 1. Pheidole fallax est une fourmi jamaïcaine commune qui est capable de rapporter au nid de très grands échantillons de nourriture. 2. Lorsque l'échantillon de nourriture est grand, des soldats sont aussi recrutés, et sont capables de protéger la nourriture contre des espèces compétitrices, ou même de les évincer. 3. Il n'y a pas de différence dans le taux de recrutement des ouvrières selon que la source de nourriture se présente en masse compacte ou qu'elle est dispersée. Cependant, un plus grand nombre d'ouvrières ont tendance à s'accumuler sur les sources de nourriture compactes. 4. Par comparaison avec les sources de nourriture dispersées, davantage de soldats sont attirés par les sources de nourriture compactes. 5. L'existence d'un approvisionnement de masse et d'un recrutement de soldats apparaît comme des adaptations qui compensent le coût entraîné par les systèmes de recrutement des ouvrières.
    Notes: Summary 1. Pheidole fallax is a common Jamaican ant that is capable of retrieving large whole food items. 2. When the food item is large, soldiers are also recruited and are capable of protecting the food against competitors or even displacing competitors. 3. There is no difference in worker recruitment rate to clumped or dispersed food sources. However, more workers do tend to accumulate at the clumped resource. 4. In comparison to the dispersed food source, more soldiers are attracted to the clumped resource. 5. The use of mass food retrieval and soldier recruitment appears to be useful adaptations that compensate for the costs associated with worker recruitment systems.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les cycles d'activité annuels des fourmis-charpentières et des termites souterrains ont été déduits des relevés poursuivis par le service coopératif des entomologistes dans le Connecticut, le Maryland, le New Jersey, la Caroline du Nord et l'Ohio. Les autocorrélations suggèrent une forte structure cyclique des plaintes issues du public, avec une régularité augmentée du sud au nord. L'analyse spectrale révèle que les Etats les plus au nord présentaient des pics de plaintes à des fréquences plus grandes, alors que les Etats plus au sud avaient des fluctuations de fréquences plus courtes, comme on pouvait s'y attendre si les facteurs climatiques réglaient le système. De tels résultats peuvent être de grande valeur pour les expériences conduites dans la nature.
    Notes: Summary Annual activity cycles of carpenter ants and subterranean termites were extracted from data maintained by cooperative extension service entomologists in Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina and Ohio. Autocorrelations suggested a strong cyclic patterning of public complaints, which increased in regularity from south to north. Spectral analysis revealed that the more northern states had complaint peaks occurring at longer frequencies, while more southern states had shorter frequency fluctuations, as expected if climatological factors drive the system. The existence of data such as these can be of great value in designing field experiments.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume 1. Au cours de la saison d'activité, des rayons sont construits dans le nid du Frelon oriental (Vespa orientalis Linné, 1775). Les changements dans le volume interne des cellules qui forment le rayon et, en conséquence, les changements dans les proportions de petites femelles (les ouvrières) et de grandes femelles (les reines) sont directement affectés par les changements nycthéméraux et par les changements dans la durée du jour. 2. Lorsque la durée du jour augmente et lorsque le taux de changement journalier diminue, des cellules plus petites sont construites alors que de plus en plus de grandes cellules sont construites pendant les jours les plus courts et le taux croissant des changements journaliers de juillet à octobre.
    Notes: Summary 1. In the course of the active season combs are built in the nest of Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis Linné, 1775). Changes in the internal volume of the cells comprising the combs and consequently in the proportion of small hornet females (workers) and large ones (queens) are directly affected by the rate of nycthemeral changes and by changes in the length of the day. 2. As the days lengthen and the rate of the daily changes diminishes, smaller cells are built whereas increasingly larger cells are constructed during the briefer days and the increasing rate of daily changes occurring in July–October.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 347-360 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Une étude du recrutement global, menée chezTetramorium impurum, a mis en évidence ses principales caractéristiques. La croissance de la population participant au recrutement est de typè logistique. De plus, des oscillations amorties sont observées. Celles-ci ont deux origines: les délais temporels dans les recrutements et l'effet de l'encombrement à la source. Un modèle mathématique permettant de reproduire ces différents effets et de quantifier les paramètres pertinents est présenté.
    Notes: Summary A study of global recruitment inTetramorium impurum has shown its main characteristics. The growth of population in the neighbourhood of the food source is a logistic curve. Damped oscillations are observed. These oscillations are the result of time delay in recruitment and crowding around the food source. A mathematical model is able to reproduce these different effects and it allows one to identify and give quantitative values to pertinent parameters.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 361-361 
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 402-411 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Une preuve génétique indique que les fourmis morphologiquement intermédiaires entreLasius alienus etLasius niger sont hybrides. Ces colonies hybrides résultent apparement de fécondations entre des reines deL. alienus et des mâles deL. niger. La distribution des patrons d'allozymes est cohérente par rapport au concept précédemment établi de monogynie et monoandrie chez ces espèces (sauf pour un seul nid deL. alienus). Cette distribution fournit également un argument en faveur d'une production des mâles par la reine chezL. alienus et par les ouvrières chezL. niger. Un mâle exceptionnel (d'un génotype hétérozygote), trouvé dans un nid hybride, était probablement diploïde. La taille supérieure des ouvrières hybrides peut signifier une production accrue de mâles par leurs mèresL. alienus, compensant au moins partiellement le défaut de reines sœurs fertiles.
    Notes: Summary Genetic evidence indicates that ants morphologically intermediate betweenLasius alienus andLasius niger are hybrids. These hybrid colonies apparently result from matings betweenL. atienus queens andL. niger males. The distribution of allozyme patterns is consistent with the previously-established concept of habitual monogyny and monoandry in these species (with oneL. alienus nest found to be an exception) and also provides tentative evidence for males being habitually produced by the queen inL. alienus colonies but by the workers inL. niger. An exceptional male (of heterozygous genotype) found in a hybrid nest was probably diploid. The greater size of hybrid workers may lead to increased male production by theirL. alienus mothers, at least partially compensating them for the lack of fertile daughter queens.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 412-415 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer anfänglich sozialen Wespe,Parischnogaster mellyi, werden die Nester von einzelnen Gründerinnen gebaut. Weil die Nester oft verlassen werden, und aber darauf von den anderen Weibchen wiederbesetzen, die Stiefmutter-Stieftochter Assoziationen häufig werden geformt. Einige Töchter bauen ihre eigenen Nester, nachdem sie etwa 20 Tage lang in den Geburtsnester als subordinierte Arbeiterinnen dienen. Die obersten herrschenden Weibchen verlassen selten das Nest und monopolizieren die Eiablage, während die subordinierten alle anderen Arbeiten ausführen.
    Notes: Summary A primitively social wasp,Parischnogaster mellyi founds nests by single foundresses. As nests are often abandoned but soon reoccupied by other females, stepmother-stepdaughter associations are frequently formed. Some daughters found own nests after serving as subordinate workers in the natal nests for about 20 days. Top-dominants rarely leave the nest and probably monopolyze the oviposition, while subordinates take charge of all other tasks.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 384-401 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Nothomyrmecia macrops Arbeiterinnen furagieren einzeln; Rekrutierungsverständigung oder Eintragen von Beute in Gruppen wurde nicht beobachtet. Die Beutestücke sind gewöhnlich nicht länger als 0.4 cm. Die Jägerinnen packen die lebenden Beuteinsekten mit den Mandibeln und Vorderbeinen und jede Beute wird von der Ameise gestochen. 2. Beobachtungen im Freiland und Laboratorium bestätigen, dass Arbeiterinnen von benachbarten Nestern am selben Baum Futter suchen können. Im Furagier-Areal wurde kein antagonistiches Verhalten zwischen gleichartigen Fremden beobachtet. Gleichartige Arbeiterinnen können jedoch angegriffen werden, wenn sie in ein fremdes Nest eindringen. 3. Chemische Spuren spielen offensichtlich keine wesentliche Rolle bei der Heimfinde-Orientierung. ObgleichNothomyrmecia bei Nacht furagiert, scheint sie sich hauptsächlich visuell zu orientieren. Erste Versuche deuten darauf hin, dass das “Baumdach-Muster” dabei eine wesentliche Rolle spielen könnte. Am Nesteingang könnten jedoch auch chemische Marken entscheidende Erkennungs-und Orientierungshilfen darstellen. 4. Die Nesttreue von Furagier-Ameisen wird durch die genaue Heimfinde-Orientierung und durch eine Bevorzugung von Nestgenossen gesichert. Arbeiterinnen vom selben Nest zeigen im Versuch eine grössere Tendenz in dichten Gruppen zu sitzen als fremdeNothomyrmecia Arbeiterinnen. Dennoch haben wir im Laboratorium Arbeiterinnen-Austausch zwischen Kolonien beobachtet. Die Ergebnisse mehrerer Versuche deuten darauf hin, dass der Verlust der Königin in einer Kolonie das Abwandern von Arbeiterinnen begünstigt. Diese Ergebnisse erklären teilweise die genetischen Befunde vonWard undTaylor (1981), wonachNothomyrmecia Nestgenossen nicht immer volle Geschwister sind. 5. Alle bisherigen Ausgrabungen von voll entwickelten Kolonien (10) deuten darauf hin, dassNothomyrmecia in monogynen Kolonien lebt. Neue Kolonien können jedoch pleometrotisch gegründet werden (Taylor, 1978). In einer experimentell zusammengesetzten Gruppe bestehend aus 15 Arbeiterinnen und zwei Königinnen (keine davon war die Mutter der Arbeiterinnen), zeigte eine Königin Dominanzverhalten gegenüber der anderen. Die untergeordnete Königin wurde schliesslich von den Arbeiterinnen ausgestossen. 6. Nothomyrmecia setzt ein chemisches Alarm-Kommunikationssystem ein, wenn Ameisen anderer Arten versuchen, in ihr Nest einzudringen. Unsere Versuche zeigen, dass das Mandibeldrüsen-Sekret ein besonders effektives Alarmpheromon darstellt. Auch das Sekret der Dufourschen Drüse löst Attraktion aus, jedoch ist die Reaktion der Ameisen langsamer. Das Sekret der Pygidialdrüse scheint als Alarm-Repellent-Substanz gegen andere Ameisenarten eingesetzt zu werden.
    Notes: Summary 1. Nothomyrmecia macrops workers forage individually; no recruitment communication or group retrieval of prey has been observed; prey items measure less than 4 mm in length; huntresses grasp live prey with the mandibles and forelegs and sting it to death. 2. Field and laboratory observations confirm that workers from neighboring nests can forage on a single tree without antagonism. Alien conspecifics might be attacked, however, if attempting to enter foreign nests. 3. Field and laboratory observations suggest that chemical trails do not play an important role during homing by foragers, indeed they might not be produced. Although strictly nocturnal,Nothomyrmecia seems to navigate primarily by visual cues, possibly using the canopy silhouette overhead. However, chemical markers might be important in localization and recognition of nest entrances. 4. No antagonistic behavior has been observed between foragers from different colonies, yet in a laboratory test nestmates appear to show a greater tendency to cluster than non-nestmates. Worker interchange between neighboring laboratory nests was observed and experiments suggest that it is facilitated by loss of the queen in one colony. These results explain in part the findings ofWard andTaylor (1981) thatNothomyrmecia nestmates are not always full sibs. 5. All records to date indicate that matureNothomyrmecia colonies are monogynous, but can be founded by pleometrosis (Taylor, 1978). In an experimentally assembled group of 15 workers with 2 queens (neither of which was the mother of any of the workers) one queen exhibited dominance behavior towards the other. The subordinate was finally expelled by the workers. 6. Nothomyrmecia employs chemical alarm communication when other ant species attempt to enter its nests. The mandibular gland secretion is an effective close-range alarm pheromone. Dufour's gland secretions also elicit attraction, but the ants react more slowly. Secretions from the pygidial gland appear to function as an alarm-repellent substance.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 416-422 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Le dimorphisme reine/ouvrière est distinct chezRopalidia montana. La taille du corps est significativement différente entre les castes pour les 7 mesures suivantes: largeur de la tête, largeur du mésonotum, longueur du mésosome, longueur et largeur des premier et deuxième tergites du gastre. Il n'y a pas de recoupement de taille entre les reines et les ouvrières pour les mesures suivantes: largeur du premier tergite du gastre et longueur du deuxième tergite du gastre. La ratio reine/ouvrière pour la longueur du mésosome est égale à 1,14. La croissance allométrique chez cette espèce semble être monosphasique.
    Notes: Summary Queen/worker dimorphism is distinct inRopalidia montana. The body size differs significantly between the castes in seven parts measured: Head width, width of mesonotum, alitrunk length, widths and lengths of first and second gastral tergites. There is no size overlap between queens and workers with respect to the width of first gastral tergite and the length of second gastral tergite. Queen/worker ratio of alitrunk length is 1.14. Allometric growth in this species seems to be monophasic.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 423-442 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The antennal activities of twoCamponotus vagus workers engaged in trophallactic contact were analysed, and possible relationship between these activities and the flux of trophallactic substance were investigated. Among the antennæ positions and movements involved in these activities, several distinct behavioural units can be defined, which combine in variable sequences. The antennal activities of the donor ant are more complex and variable than those of the receiver. Certain behavioural units nevertheless occupy a definite place in the sequence of acts performed by the donor; but a continuous recording of the trophallactic flux (labelled with radioactive gold) on which the donor's antennal movements were simultaneously plotted showed that the onset of these behavioural units brought about no change in the flux. It seems unlikely that any of these units convey particular signals to the receiver ant.
    Notes: Resume L'activité antennaire de deux ouvrières deCamponotus vagus engagées dans un contact trophallactique est analysée, ainsi que les relations éventuelles de cette activité avec le flux de substance qui est transmise. Dans les positions et les mouvements d'antennes qui constituent cette activité, peuvent être définies des unités comportementales distinctes, qui se combínent de manière variable. L'activité antennaire de l'ouvrière donneuse est plus complexe et plus variable que celle de la receveuse. Certaines unités comportementales ont cependant une place déterminée dans la séquence d'actes présentée par la donneuse; mais l'enregistrement en continu du flux trophallactique (marqué par de l'or radioactif) et, simultanément, des mouvements d'antennes de la donneuse indique que l'apparition d'aucune de ces unités comportementales n'entraîne de modification de ce flux. II est permis de penser qu'aucune de ces unités n'a valeur de signal pour la receveuse.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 177-183 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Chaque fourmi éclaireuse est capable de communiquer la disponibilité, le lieu et la qualité des ressources trouvées. Les fourmis ouvrières recrutées peuvent, pour récolter ces ressources, reconnaître les différences des stimuli de recrutement de chaque éclaireuse et y répondre. D'une manière significative, davantage d'ouvrières suivent le chemin de l'éclaireuse qui a trouvé la source de nourriture la plus riche. Ces résultats suggèrent que le recrutement dans les colonies de fourmis est déterminé par les ouvrières recrutées qui «savent analyser» les stimuli de recrutement des fourmis éclaireuses revenant à la fourmilière.
    Notes: Summary Individual scouts ofFormica oreas are capable of communicating resource availability, location and quality to nest mates. Recruited foragers can perceive and respond to differences in recruitment stimuli of individual scouts. Significantly more workers followed the path of an individual scout from a more rewarding food source than from a less rewarding food source. These findings suggest recruitment in ant colonies is regulated by recruited workers “weighing” recruitment stimuli of scouts returning from numerous areas about the nest.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Following the discovery of numerous pseudogynes (= secretergates) in a polycalic colony ofFormica lugubris Zett, the author describes the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the distribution of individuals inside the nest. Workers are distributed in three clusters, the first (21 %) could consist of foragers, living in the upper part of the nest, and is distinguished by a low percentage of secretergates (1 %). The two others contain mainly domestic workers. Queens inhabit two areas (intermediate and deep). The percentage of secretergates increases with depth in the nest. Measurements of normal workers and secretergates show that the latter are significantly smaller.
    Notes: Resume Suite à la découverte de nombreuses ouvrières pseudogynes (= sécrétergates) dans une colonie polycalique deFormica lugubris Zett, l'auteur aborde le problème de la distribution qualitative et quantitative des individus à l'intérieur de la fourmilière. Les ouvrières sont distribuées en trois groupes, le premier (21 %) pourrait être celui des fourrageuses («Aussendiensttiere») se tenant dans la partie apicale du nid, il est caractérisé par un faible pourcentage de sécrétergates (1 %); les deux autres groupes contenant essentiellement des ouvrières du service intérieur (“Innendiensttiere”). Les reines occupent deux zones (intermédiaire et profonde). On constate une augmentation du pourcentage de sécrétergates en fonction de la profondeur dans la fourmilière. D'autre part, des mesures de la taille des ouvrières normales et des sécrétergates montrent que ces dernières sont significativement plus petites.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 165-176 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Myrmicaria eumenoides is one of the commonest soil dwelling ant species of the west african Sudan savannas. This species extends its distribution towards the south and the Guinea savannas. In a given geographic area, the distribution of the nests is typically clumped. In a given “clump” of nests, the distribution is random. A given nest is not always occupied by the same population of this species. Population of workers in a nest older than 3 years is about 22 000 (dry biomass=39 g). Above ground, the workers hunt alone or in small groups on one or several areas. The surface and the localisation of the foraging areas depends on the site of the nest, the season and the day: time in the Guinea savanna, the mean foraging area extends in dry season over 12±3 m−2 (mean radius of action: 3.10±0.60 m, maximum 6 m) while in the Sudan savanna it extend over 110 m−2 (mean radius: 6.10±3.05 m, maximum slightly more than 11 m). On the soil surface of the Guinea savanna,M. eumenoides forages primarily during day with two peaks about 5–10 a.m. and 4–9 p.m. but these phases of activity are much affected by climatic factors. In dry season, especially in the Sudan savanna, the hunting periods are typically split in two phases and are suppressed during the drier part of the year. The diet includes 95% Arthropods (mainly Insects 60 to 80%, with a strong impact on termites and ants, adult and larvæ).M. eumenoides collects honeydew from Aleyrodoidea living in grasses or in the trees. Roughly speaking, in the trophic webs of the drier african savannas, this ant seems to fulfil the role played by manyCamponotus (C. acvapimensis for example) in the more humid Guinea savanna. This can explain the strong antagonism observed between these two species.
    Notes: Resume M. eumenoides est une fourmi terricole commune dans les savanes soudaniennes de l'Afrique de l'Ouest qui étend son aire de répartition aux savanes guinéennes. Dans une zone géographique donnée, la distribution de ses nids est typiquement contagieuse. Dans un groupe donné de nids, la distribution est au hasard. Les populations deMyrmicaria déménagent au cours du temps, aussi un emplacement donné peut-il ne pas être toujours occupé par la même société. L'effectif d'une société âgée de plus de 3 ans dépasse 22 000 ouvrières (biomasse sèche=39 g). A la surface du sol, les ouvrières prospectent seules ou par petits groupes sur une ou plusieurs aires. La localisation et la surface des aires prospectées varient selon l'emplacement du nid, la saison et l'heure du jour. En savanes guinéennes, la surface moyenne de prospection mesure en saison sèche 12±3 m−2 (rayon d'action moyen: 3,10±0,60 m, maximum 6 m). En savane soudanienne, la surface moyenne atteint 110 m−2 (rayon d'action moyen: 6,10±3,05 m, maximum: plus de 11 m). En savane guinéenne, la courbe d'activité deM. eumenoides à la surface du sol présente deux pics vers 5–10 heures et 16–21 heures. La répartition et l'intensité des phases d'activité sont sous la dépendance des facteurs microclimatiques. L'activité épigée cesse durant la saison la plus chaude de l'année. Le régime est composé à 95% l'Arthropodes (Insectes: 60 à 80%, avec un fort contingent de termites et de fourmis, larves et adultes).M. eumenoides collecte des exsudats d'Aleurodes vivant dans les herbes ou les arbres. Cette espèce semble jouer dans les réseaux trophiques des savanes soudaniennes le rôle tenu par plusieursCamponotus, commeC. acvapimensis, dans les savanes guinéennes plus humides. Ceci explique probablement le très fort antagonisme existant entre ces deux fourmis.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Cette étude a été entreprise pour essayer de comprendre la division du travail entre les membres d'Odontomachus affinis pendant les différentes phases de dévelopement de la colonie. Nous avons utilisé des éthogrammes séquentiels pour quantifier les changements de fréquences des différentes catégories de comportements au cours de l'ontogenèse du répertoire comportemental. Nous avons mis l'accent sur la comparaison entre les répertoires des reines et des ouvrières pour déterminer les catégories de comportements propres à chaque caste et pour étudier les caractéristiques de la division du travail entre les individus tout au long du développement de la colonie. Nous avons comparé nos données aux éthogrammes d'O. affinis et d'autres espèces de fourmis, après avoir défini des groupes de comportements apparentés du point de vue fonctionnel.
    Notes: Summary The present study was designed to investigate division of labor among nestmates in all phases of colony development ofOdontomachus affinis. Sequential ethograms were used, as a quantitative approach, to follow changes in the frequencies of behavioral categories along the ontogeny of the repertoire. Special attention was given to the comparison between queen and workers catalogs in order to determine which behavioral categories are peculiar to each caste and to study the manners by which tasks are appartioned among individuals through colony maturity. Also a comparison with ethograms of other species of ants was made, based now on a definition of groups of functionally related behavioral categories.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 298-307 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les pucerons AphidesCinara pini etC. pinea sont «visités» par la FourmiFormica lugubris sur de jeunes arbres du pinPinus sylvestris. Les fourmis commencent à rechercher des pucerons avant que ceux-ci n'aient développé des colonies. Les arbres situés à moins de 5 mètres du bord de l'aire de plantée portent 2 à 3 fois plus de fourmis que les arbres situés à, 5, 6 et 12 mètres. Aucune des 2 espèces de pucerons ne prospère sur le pin exotiquePinus contorta en Angleterre. On y a trouvé seulement des formes aptères ou alates. Un petit nombre de fourmis ont une activité de fourragement surP. contorta. Elles se sont probablement déplacées depuis les espèces d'arbres qui portent effectivement des pucerons. Les fourmis observées surP. contorta ont peu ou pas du tout de miellat dans leur jabot.
    Notes: Summary The aphidsCinara pini andC. pinea are tended byFormica lugubris on young trees ofPinus sylvestris. Ants begin to forage on the trees in April before aphid colonies have developed. Trees within 5 m of the plot edge carry 2–3 times the number of ants as trees 5, 6 and 12 m from the edge. Neither species of aphid thrives on the introducedPinus contorta in England; only isolated aptera or alates were found there. A small number of ants do forage onP. contorta however. They have probably wandered there from trees species which do bear aphids. Ants onP. contorta have little or no honeydew in their crops.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Resume L'observation pendant deux années successives du comportement reproducteur de deux sociétés de la MyrmicineChelaner sp. a permis de mettre en évidence 2 modes de reproduction: émission d'individus ailés aboutissant à une fondation par femelle isolée et bouturage de la société. On présente une description détaillée des six premiers jours qui suivent le bouturage de la société. A l'issue de cette période, 16 colonies filles s'étaient séparées du nid mère, le bouturage se poursuivant encore. Il est donc possible que cette espèce présente un polymorphisme reproducteur: lorsque les conditions de l'environnement sont favorables, il y a fondation indépendante; des conditions moins favorables causées par exemple par la sécheresse entraînent la réalisation des bouturages.
    Notes: Summary In successive years, two different modes of reproductive behaviour were observed in two nests of the myrmicine antChelaner sp.; emission of winged sexuals followed by claustral colony foundation, and colony fission. A detailed description is given of the first six days of colony fission. After this period 16 incipient daughter colonies had separated from the maternal nest, and the process was still continuing. While it is possible that this species is polymorphic with respect to reproductive behaviour, evidence is presented which suggests an alternative possibility, namely that claustral foundation occurs in this species when environmental conditions are favourable, but that it switches to colony fission under conditions of stress, such as those caused by drought.
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 1-2 
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    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 27-44 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The workers ofReticulitermes lucifugus santonensis present different behaviours as they go through successive stages, and the activity of prospection, which appears at about stage 6, becomes increasingly important as the workers age. The results also show that not all individuals of stage 6 and older behave as “prospectors”, which confirms the variability and plasticity of their behaviour. The prospection activity appears to involve a kind of Kinesthetic memory. Analyses of behaviour of termite workers that have just discovered a food-source, indicate that a kink of communication exists among the individuals that is different from that represented by chemically marked trails. We have called this sort of communication “alerting communication”; it seems to be a kind of recruitment among the workers. The process is still to be determined, though it may be linked to antennal tactile signals and perhaps to the emission of chemical signals.
    Notes: Resume Des expériences sur l'analyse comportementale des ouvriers deReticulitermes lucifugus santonensis, découvrant une source de nourriture, permettent de signaler la présence d'individus prospecteurs, et l'existence d'une communication entre ces derniers et les autres congénères. Cette activité de prospection et ce comportement d'invitation apparaissent plus particulièrement à partir du stade 6, et s'accentuent d'autant plus que les ouvriers appartiennent à des stades avancés. Les résultats font apparaître que tous les ouvriers des stades âgés ne se comportent pas comme des prospecteurs ou des recruteurs. Cette plasticité des comportements peut dépendre d'une idiosyncrasie existant chez les ouvriers. Nous avons appelé la séquence invitation: «communication d'alerte». Elle s'assimile à une sorte de recrutement. Son processus reste à déterminer, mais il paraît lié aux contacts antennaires et corporels (signaux tactiles) et peut-être à l'émission d'une ou plusieurs substances chimiques (signaux chimiques). L'activité de prospection s'accompagne d'une certaine mémoire cinesthésique.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1309-1310 
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    Notes: Summary Exposure ofColisa fasciatus, a freshwater teleost, to 2500 mg/l manganese sulphate for 90 h caused decreased spermatogenic activity and hemorrhage in the testes.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1310-1311 
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    Notes: Summary The effect of a stimulating dose of 0.15 Gy on the cyclic adenosine 3′,5′ monophosphate system has been studied. A rapid change is shown in intracellular level of cAMP and in the response of the system to a β-adrenoagonist.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1320-1322 
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    Notes: Summary The degree of reactivity of the prey affects the form of behavior subsequently adopted in paralyzing the prey. The mechanism underlying this ontogenetic plasticity is discussed.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1181-1181 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1191-1198 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1345-1346 
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    Notes: Summary Preganglionic nerve stimulation or elevated [K+]0 increase cAMP levels in isolated guinea-pig superior cervical ganglia, a ganglion lacking adrenergic inhibitory synaptic potentials. The cAMP response to K+ and nerve stimulation is not prevented by atropine or phentolamine. The regulation of cAMP content does not involve cholinergic or adrenergic mechanism. Of polypeptides tested, only VIP (5×10−6 M) increases cAMP content to the extent observed with preganglionic nerve stimulation.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1373-1374 
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    Notes: Summary Methyl jasmonate at a concentration of 0.5% in lanolin paste was applied to detached mature green tomatoes cv. Venture. It caused the formation of a yellow colored epidermis and parenchyma at a depth of 2 mm on the place of treatment. Untreated areas, and areas treated with lanolin paste alone, developed a normal red color at the fully ripened stage. Analyses of carotenoid compositions showed that methyl jasmonate almost totally inhibited lycopene accumulation and stimulated β-carotene accumulation in the ripening of tomatoes.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1347-1349 
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    Notes: Summary Adenosine shortens the action potential and diminishes the force of contraction in guinea-pig left atria. These effects may be brought about by the activation of a potassium conductance. This assumption is supported by voltage clamp and42K release experiments.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1358-1359 
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    Notes: Summary Creatine phosphate does not inhibit 5′-nucleotidase preparations from rat, dog or guinea-pig hearts. Previously reported inhibitory effects must have been due to contaminants present in some commercial preparations of creatine phosphate.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1356-1358 
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    Notes: Summary Enterokinase activity from rat duodenal brush borders was assayed in vitro in the presence of purified lectins from 3 leguminous seeds. Noncompetitive inhibition of the enzyme was observed in each case.Phaseolus hemagglutinin was the most potent inhibitor among the 3 lectins tested.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1362-1364 
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    Notes: Summary We studied the effect of aclacinomycin on human erythrocyte membrane enzymes. Aclacinomycin inhibited ATPase, including Na−K-dependent ATPase, ouabain insensitive ATPase and Ca-ATPase. However acetylcholinesterase was not inhibited by aclacinomycin. The ATPase activities were not inhibited by aclacinomycin if ascorbate was added to the incubation mixture. However other reducing agents, α-tocopherol, superoxide dismutase and catalase had no effect on ATPase activity. Ascorbate may protect membrane proteins and lipids from peroxidate damage.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1368-1370 
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    Notes: Summary Activities of acid hydrolases were higher in sporozoites ofEimeria tenella than in unsporulated and sporulated oocysts. These enzymes along with proteinases may be involved in the penetration of epithelial cells of chicken cecum by sporozoites.
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    Notes: Summary Pyrantel tartrate caused spastic paralysis through stimulating nicotinic cholinoceptors inAngiostrongylus cantonensis.
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    Notes: Summary α-α- Diphenyl-α- propoxyacetic acid-l-methyl-4-piperidyl ester hydrochloride(propiverine) significantly decreased the volume-pressure ratio of the rat urinary bladder and suppressed efferent nervous activity of the bladder branch of the pelvic nerve during vesical extension.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1392-1393 
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    Notes: Summary A saline eluate from sucrose washed bovine erythrocytes infected withBabesia bovis contains at least 4 babesial antigens. The antigens are located not only in the parasite but also in the internal matrix of the infected erythrocyte.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1397-1398 
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    Notes: Summary We have obtained a UV-induced mutant (designatedfa-) ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii, in which the mechanism of flagellar autotomy is impaired. Whereas wild-type cells normally shed their flagella in 17% ethanol, for instance, the mutant cells retain them.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1402-1404 
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    Notes: Summary A DNA-binding AT-specific antibiotic, distamycin A, was used as inhibitor of the condensation process of the heterochromatic regions inDrosophila melanogaster embryonic cells. By this treatment the structural organization of heterochromatin at interphase is preserved until metaphase. The different patterns observed are interpreted as chronological steps in the condensation process.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1408-1411 
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    Notes: Summary Microinjections of the cholinergic agonists, carbachol and bethanechol, either into the amygdala or into the dorsal hippocampus produced sustained limbic seizures and brain damage in rats. Systemic administration of pilocarpine in rats resulted in a sequence of convulsive disorders and widespread brain damage as well. Scopolamine prevented the development of convulsive activity and brain damage produced by cholinomimetics. These results suggest that the excessive stimulation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors can lead to limbic seizures and brain damage. It is postulated that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms are linked to the etiology of temporal lobe epilepsy and epileptic brain damage.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1418-1419 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1438-1438 
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1340-1342 
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    Notes: Summary By application of a differential saturation EAG technique, the olfactory receptor system for compounds active as sex pheromones in the American cockroach was elucidated. The interaction of sex pheromone mimics with receptors responsive to a sex pheromone (periplanone-B) was revealed. As suggested by the single cell recording studies, the presence of sex pheromone receptors responsive specifically to sex pheromones (periplanone-A and-B) was shown, as well as the presence of general odor receptors which are functionally different from the sex pheromone receptors.
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    Notes: Summary In vivo treatment of the jejunal mucosa with glycosidic enzymes seems to remove the enteric surface coat of the enterocyte. As a consequence, the mucosa-to-serosa unidirectional flux of acetamide increases remarkably. The glycocalyx probably represents a barrier to the diffusion of small hydrosoluble solutes.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 157-158 
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    Notes: Summary 3H-levonorgestrel, a protein progestational steroid, showed a high affinity saturable binding to monkey plasma. Competitive protein binding experiments suggested that the levonorgestrel binds to a protein which resembles sex hormone-binding globulin.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 161-163 
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    Notes: Summary The changes in activities of acetyl CoA carboxylase, microsomal fatty acid elongation enzyme, choline phosphotransferase, triglyceride lipase, phospholipase A1 and phospholipase A2 were followed in guinea-pig lungs at 24, 48 and 72 h after food deprivation. Triglyceride lipase was elevated and phospholipase A1 and phospholipase A2 were unaffected, while the other activities decreased. The significance of these findings in relation to food deprivation is discussed.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 164-165 
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    Notes: Summary Intraperitoneal injections of cysteine or N-acetyl cysteine induce a depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in rat brain. The doses required to promote GSH depletion are lower than those reported to cause a disseminate neurodegenerative syndrome. Since physiological GSH concentrations are required to maintain cell membranes, we suggest that consideration of the cysteine-induced GSH depletion is important in attempts to understand the mechanism of cysteine-induced cytotoxicity in brain.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 171-172 
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    Notes: Summary A rat muscle freely grafted with the motor nerve intact becomes restored to full mass and contractile function, in contrast to the reduced weight of a standard free graft. By crushing the nerve to a nerve-intact graft and delaying reinnervation, full mass is still restored. One can conclude that earlier reinnervation is not the reason for the success of nerve-intact grafts, but that it is rather due to reinnervation along preserved Schwann cell channels.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 180-182 
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    Notes: Summary The liver inhibitory factor (LIF) extracted inhibits in vitro the proliferation of erythroleukemic cells. This inhibition takes place 24 h after LIF treatment and is promptly reversible on removal of the factor.3H-thymidine autoradiography shows that the effect is probably due to a blockage of the cells at the end of G1.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 190-192 
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    Notes: Summary In 2 closely-related species ofDrosophila, the oviposition stimulating effects of the substances produced in the male accessory glands (paragonia) are species-specific. A unique reproductive isolating mechanism due to this specificity is discovered.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 141-143 
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    Notes: Summary From a further investigation of the extractive of the green marine seaweedCaulerpa prolifera, we isolatedIII, which, on the basis of chemical and physico-chemical data, proved to be a dihydroderivative of caulerpenyne with an acetoxy group substituted by fatty acid residues.
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    Notes: Summary The micropore volume of N-containing activated carbon was increased and the average radius of supermicropore was extended by treatment with methylol melamine urea solution.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 203-204 
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    Notes: Summary PA and PgR appear to be reliable markers of estradiol action in normal female rat mammary glands, as seen by simultaneous expression of both proteins between the ages of 61 and 131 days. However, expression of PA at certain periods, when PgR was undetectable suggests, that the extent of availability of both estradiol and progesterone at target sites may act as controlling factors in synthesis of one protein over another.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 207-209 
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    Notes: Summary The marked differences between day and night levels of testosterone, cortisol, prolactin and bioactive luteinizing hormone observed in adult male rhesus monkeys maintained at 12 h light∶12 h dark schedule are not changed by exposing monkeys to constant illumination for a period of up to 15 days. These findings suggest that the photoperiodicity of environmental light may not be the principal determinant for the occurrence of the diurnal rhythms observed in the circulating levels of the 4 hormones studied.
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    Notes: Summary Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were injected with various doses of polyestradiol phosphate (PEP); the anterior pituitary (AP) prolactin (PRL) concentration and the plasma afternoon surge of PRL were observed 1 week later by radioimmunoassay. AP PRL was extracted using carbonate and phosphate buffers at either pH 7.6 or 10.6. The AP concentration of PRL was greater when the AP was extracted with buffers at pH 10.6 and the phosphate buffer was the most efficient. The concentration of PRL in the AP more closely reflected the magnitude of the estrogen-induced afternoon surge when the AP was extracted at pH 10.6 and this was especially so when the higher levels of estrogen were administered.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 214-215 
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    Notes: Summary Duodenal spermine-binding activity declines to a very low level during the development of chicks fed with a rachitogenic diet. A single injection of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is able to restore the activity shown by chicks fed with a normal diet.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 217-219 
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    Notes: Summary The authors complete the aggressive behavior repertoire ofUegitglanis, and refine the description of some patterns. The temporal sequence of various patterns is also shown. The biological significance of some patterns and of the persistence of a complex aggressive behavior in this highly regressed hypogean species is briefly discussed.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 225-228 
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    Notes: Summary The inhibitory amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) hyperpolarized motor axons. This hyperpolarization was associated with an increase in the resting input conductance and with reduced action potential duration.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 81-83 
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    Notes: Summary Dimethyl 1-dodecanephosphonate has been shown in laboratory bioassays and greenhouse tests to be highly active against 2 species of nematodes. Other phosphonate esters showed little or no activity.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 83-84 
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    Notes: Summary Trisomics were produced in the pollen mother cells ofPennisetum americanum (L) K. Schum plants resulting from seeds treated with 10−6 M platinum diaminodinitrodichloride. On the basis of this preliminary study the relative potency of cis-PDD may be roughly equal to the well known plant clastogen, maleic hydrazide.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 84-85 
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    Notes: Summary The effect of temperature on T helper lymphocytes was studied in the spleen of a fish (Dicentrarchus labrax). The cooperation phenomenon was demonstrated, with a maximal activity when animals were maintained at 18°C.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 85-86 
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    Notes: Summary This paper reports the results of observations on antigen Dd-reactivity in families, age of onset of the trait, and its distribution with respect to sex.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 87-89 
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    Notes: Summary Xenoantiserum raised against extracts of normal hamster pancreas, after absorption with normal tissues, reacted specifically with normal hamster and human pancreas by immunodiffusion. Absorbed antiserum also reacted with hamster and human pancreatic carcinoma but not with other neoplasms. Immunization of hamsters with normal pancreas extracts prevented growth of transplantable pancreatic carcinomas.
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    Notes: Summary A discriminant analysis was performed on a set of maternal and neonatal variables to predict at birth the serum bilirubin levels during the neonatal period in infants incompatible with their mothers in the ABO system. The results suggest that the rational and simultaneous utilization of clinical and laboratory parameters allows, a few hours after delivery, a useful classification of these infants in low or high risk for hyperbilirubinemia.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 91-92 
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    Notes: Summary The frequency of antigen Dd-reactors has been recorded in Muslims and Buddhists from Ladakh, in Rana Tharus from Uttar Pradesh and in two samples of largely Jat Sikh origin from Punjab, all in India. The results show a wide range of variation, from 0% in the Rana Tharus to 25% in the Punjabi blood donors, of incidence of antigen Dd-reactivity in these populations.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 93-94 
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    Notes: Summary When N-methylformamide is administered to rats on the 11th day of pregnancy approximately 50% of the fetuses are resorbed and a reduced weight of the developed animals is found in comparison to the controls on the 21th day (delivery by Caesarian section). The toxic effect is increased by using nicotinamide and methionine. If a combination of these substances is employed practically all fetuses are resorbed. Tryptophan, however, has a considerably protective influence. N-Methylformamide has no influence on the NAD-synthesis induced by nicotinamide or tryptophan. It does, however, inhibits the activity of the ADPR transferase.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 95-96 
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    Notes: Summary Mouse embryos on day 9 of gestation were exposed in utero to 90 rad X-rays. At different time intervals after treatment the eye primordia were examined for cell death. The irradiation caused an altered necrosis pattern compared with day 8, and massive cell killing during a limited time period. The rapid recovery from the pronounced damage points to a high restitution efficiency of the involved tissue.
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 96-97 
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    Notes: Summary Differences in the activity of cyclic nucleotides phosphodiesterase develop in different germ layers during the gastrulation of the chick embryo.
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    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 97-98 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the Polychaete wormOphryotrocha diadema, the yellow coloration of egg yolk is due to the selective uptake of lutein from food. The genetic control of this mechanism depends on a single locus with 2 alleles, the dominantY (yellow) allele, and the recessivey (absence of coloration) allele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 99-100 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An inversion within the subterminal inversion in 2L ofDrosophila ananassae has been detected in a laboratory strain originating from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The break points of inversion have been located in the reference map of salivary chromosomes. The data on the frequencies of different karyotypes indicate that inversion heterozygotes exhibit heterosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 100-101 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Male mating activity was measured for 29 lines ofD. melanogaster, made homozygous for the second chromosome. Genetic differences between lines were found to be highly significant. Mating activity of homozygous males was much lower than that of heterozygous ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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