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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 18 (1971), S. 111-120 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'autotomie de l'aiguillon est présente seulement chez certaines espèces d'Hyménoptères sociaux avancés. Le phénomène d'autotomie de l'aiguillon amène à la mort l'individu qui le démontre. Cependant, il fournit à la colonie la protection contre un intrus vertébré. Parmi les espèces qui la manifestent, l'autotomie de l'aiguillon est employée pour la défense de la colonie et non pour l'offensive. L'autotomie de l'aiguillon comme processus défensif est mieux utilisée contre les intrus vertébrés. Mais elle serait un désavantage pour la colonie à se protéger contre les insectes pilleurs. L'acquisition du dard barbelé représente un cas de l'évolution convergente parmi les abeilles, les guêpes et les fourmis, dans l'ordre d'Hyménoptères.
    Notes: Summary Sting autotomy occurs only in certain species of highly social Hymenoptera. When applied, the phenomenon of sting autonomy results in death for the individual demonstrating it but is added protection for the colony as a whole when the intruder is a vertebrate. Among species in which sting autotomy occurs, it is applied in colony defense and not as an offensive mechanism. As a defensive mechanism, sting autotomy is best employed against vertebrate intruders but would work disadvantageously in colony defense against raiding insects. The acquisition of lancet barbs represents a case of convergent evolution among bees, wasps and ants in the order Hymenoptera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Le comportement de tissage du cocon du dernier stade larvaire et les modifications ontogéniques durant le stade pupal (temps compris entre l'operculation et l'émergence) sont décrits dans cet article pourPolistes annularis. La durée moyenne de ce stade est de 18.80±1.12 jours soumis aux conditions naturelles autour d'Athens. Un tableau et une clef de détermination peuvent être utilisés pour déterminer l'âge de la pupe selon l'apparence externe.
    Notes: Summary Spinning behavior of the last larval instar and ontogenetic changes during the pupal stage (the period of time from capping to emergence) inPolistes annularis are described. The average duration of this stage is 18.80±1.12 days under natural conditions in the Athens area. A table and a key which may be used to determine pupal age according to their external appearance are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1841-1852 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Polistes annularis ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; defensive mechanisms ; necrophoric behavior ; nest pedicel ; social wasps ; wasps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cuticular lipids were recovered fromPolistes annularis workers and characterized by combined gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. These lipids were found to be straight-chain and methyl-branched hydrocarbons with the major components being 13,17-dimethylhentriacontane (18%), 3-methyl-nonacosane (13%), and 3-methylheptacosane (11%). Cuticular lipids with a very similar composition were found on the surface of the larvae, eggs, and adult males ofPolistes annularis as well as on the surface of the nest and nest pedicel of the wasp. Hexadecanoic acid and octadecenoic acid were also found on the surface of the nest pedicel and these acids and/or the hydrocarbons may play a defensive role for the wasps.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 3 (1978), S. 99-111 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The biology and behavior of Xylocopa virginica L. were followed in the area of Athens, Georgia (USA) from August 1973 until September 1974. Several nests were X-rayed regularly during the developmental period of the bees, and information about the life cycle and development was obtained. The bees emerge in June and stay in their nests with their sibs throughout the summer, fall, and winter, leaving only occasionally on warm days to search for nectar as food. In March and April males defend nest-side territories and mate with most females. The males die in the late spring and the females dig nests, provision them, and rear up to 8 or 9 bees in each nest. Many females live 2 years, and often 2 to 3 females are present in each nest, but only 1 works and lays eggs. Emergence of adults from pupae is nearly synchronized, irrespective of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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