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  • Articles  (630)
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary  (382)
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  • 2000-2004  (630)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2004-06-05
    Description: The mechanisms by which hydrophobic molecules, such as long-chain fatty acids, enter cells are poorly understood. In Gram-negative bacteria, the lipopolysaccharide layer in the outer membrane is an efficient barrier for fatty acids and aromatic hydrocarbons destined for biodegradation. We report crystal structures of the long-chain fatty acid transporter FadL from Escherichia coli at 2.6 and 2.8 angstrom resolution. FadL forms a 14-stranded beta barrel that is occluded by a central hatch domain. The structures suggest that hydrophobic compounds bind to multiple sites in FadL and use a transport mechanism that involves spontaneous conformational changes in the hatch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van den Berg, Bert -- Black, Paul N -- Clemons, William M Jr -- Rapoport, Tom A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1506-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. lvandenberg@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Escherichia coli/chemistry/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Fatty Acid Transport Proteins ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: When humans are offered the choice between rewards available at different points in time, the relative values of the options are discounted according to their expected delays until delivery. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural correlates of time discounting while subjects made a series of choices between monetary reward options that varied by delay to delivery. We demonstrate that two separate systems are involved in such decisions. Parts of the limbic system associated with the midbrain dopamine system, including paralimbic cortex, are preferentially activated by decisions involving immediately available rewards. In contrast, regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex are engaged uniformly by intertemporal choices irrespective of delay. Furthermore, the relative engagement of the two systems is directly associated with subjects' choices, with greater relative fronto-parietal activity when subjects choose longer term options.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McClure, Samuel M -- Laibson, David I -- Loewenstein, George -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- AG05842/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH065214/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH132804/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):503-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. smcclure@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Decision Making ; Dopamine/physiology ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/*physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Reward ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: The 1918 influenza pandemic resulted in about 20 million deaths. This enormous impact, coupled with renewed interest in emerging infections, makes characterization of the virus involved a priority. Receptor binding, the initial event in virus infection, is a major determinant of virus transmissibility that, for influenza viruses, is mediated by the hemagglutinin (HA) membrane glycoprotein. We have determined the crystal structures of the HA from the 1918 virus and two closely related HAs in complex with receptor analogs. They explain how the 1918 HA, while retaining receptor binding site amino acids characteristic of an avian precursor HA, is able to bind human receptors and how, as a consequence, the virus was able to spread in the human population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gamblin, S J -- Haire, L F -- Russell, R J -- Stevens, D J -- Xiao, B -- Ha, Y -- Vasisht, N -- Steinhauer, D A -- Daniels, R S -- Elliot, A -- Wiley, D C -- Skehel, J J -- AI-13654/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1838-42. Epub 2004 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council (MRC) National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Birds ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*chemistry/*metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Influenza A virus/*immunology/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/history/*virology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Swine
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: The gene duplication rate in the yeast genome is estimated without assuming the molecular clock model to be approximately 0.01 to 0.06 per gene per billion years; this rate is two orders of magnitude lower than a previous estimate based on the molecular clock model. This difference is explained by extensive concerted evolution via gene conversion between duplicated genes, which violates the assumption of the molecular clock in the analyses of duplicated genes. The average length of the period of concerted evolution and the gene conversion rate are estimated to be approximately 25 million years and approximately 28 times the mutation rate, respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Li-Zhi -- Innan, Hideki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1367-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1200 Hermann Pressler, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Conversion ; *Gene Duplication ; *Genes, Duplicate ; *Genes, Fungal ; Models, Genetic ; Probability ; Saccharomyces/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; Time Factors
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: The mechanisms controlling axon guidance are of fundamental importance in understanding brain development. Growing corticospinal and somatosensory axons cross the midline in the medulla to reach their targets and thus form the basis of contralateral motor control and sensory input. The motor and sensory projections appeared uncrossed in patients with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS). In patients affected with HGPPS, we identified mutations in the ROBO3 gene, which shares homology with roundabout genes important in axon guidance in developing Drosophila, zebrafish, and mouse. Like its murine homolog Rig1/Robo3, but unlike other Robo proteins, ROBO3 is required for hindbrain axon midline crossing.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618874/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618874/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jen, Joanna C -- Chan, Wai-Man -- Bosley, Thomas M -- Wan, Jijun -- Carr, Janai R -- Rub, Udo -- Shattuck, David -- Salamon, Georges -- Kudo, Lili C -- Ou, Jing -- Lin, Doris D M -- Salih, Mustafa A M -- Kansu, Tulay -- Al Dhalaan, Hesham -- Al Zayed, Zayed -- MacDonald, David B -- Stigsby, Bent -- Plaitakis, Andreas -- Dretakis, Emmanuel K -- Gottlob, Irene -- Pieh, Christina -- Traboulsi, Elias I -- Wang, Qing -- Wang, Lejin -- Andrews, Caroline -- Yamada, Koki -- Demer, Joseph L -- Karim, Shaheen -- Alger, Jeffry R -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Deller, Thomas -- Sicotte, Nancy L -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Baloh, Robert W -- Engle, Elizabeth C -- DC00162/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- DC05524/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- EY12498/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY13583/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY15298/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY15311/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH60233/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY008313/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY008313-14/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL066251/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1509-13. Epub 2004 Apr 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. jjen@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Axons/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata/growth & development/pathology ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Neural Pathways ; Ophthalmoplegia/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Pedigree ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhombencephalon/*growth & development/pathology ; Scoliosis/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Syndrome
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):589.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Escherichia coli/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Prion Diseases/*etiology ; Prions/administration & dosage/biosynthesis/chemistry/*pathogenicity ; Protein Folding ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/chemistry ; Time Factors
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: The protein-remodeling factor Hsp104 governs inheritance of [PSI+], a yeast prion formed by self-perpetuating amyloid conformers of the translation termination factor Sup35. Perplexingly, either excess or insufficient Hsp104 eliminates [PSI+]. In vitro, at low concentrations, Hsp104 catalyzed the formation of oligomeric intermediates that proved critical for the nucleation of Sup 35 fibrillization de novo and displayed a conformation common among amyloidogenic polypeptides. At higher Hsp104 concentrations, amyloidogenic oligomerization and contingent fibrillization were abolished. Hsp104 also disassembled mature fibers in a manner that initially exposed new surfaces for conformational replication but eventually exterminated prion conformers. These Hsp104 activities differed in their reaction mechanism and can explain [PSI+] inheritance patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shorter, James -- Lindquist, Susan -- GM25874/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 18;304(5678):1793-7. Epub 2004 May 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amyloid/chemistry ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/chemistry/immunology ; Antibodies/immunology ; Biopolymers ; Catalysis ; Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/immunology ; Peptide Termination Factors ; Prions/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jordan, Frank -- GM-50380/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-62330/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):818-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. frjordan@newark.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites ; Dihydrolipoyllysine-Residue Acetyltransferase ; Dimerization ; Geobacillus stearothermophilus/*enzymology ; Glutamic Acid/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Protons ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Thiamine Pyrophosphate/chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: The ecology of Bornean rainforests is driven by El Nino-induced droughts that trigger synchronous fruiting among trees and bursts of faunal reproduction that sustain vertebrate populations. However, many of these species- and carbon-rich ecosystems have been destroyed by logging and conversion, which increasingly threaten protected areas. Our satellite, Geographic Information System, and field-based analyses show that from 1985 to 2001, Kalimantan's protected lowland forests declined by more than 56% (〉29,000 square kilometers). Even uninhabited frontier parks are logged to supply international markets. "Protected" forests have become increasingly isolated and deforested and their buffer zones degraded. Preserving the ecological integrity of Kalimantan's rainforests requires immediate transnational management.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curran, L M -- Trigg, S N -- McDonald, A K -- Astiani, D -- Hardiono, Y M -- Siregar, P -- Caniago, I -- Kasischke, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):1000-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 205 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. lisa.curran@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Borneo ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Industry ; Population Density ; Time Factors ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate ; Vertebrates ; Wood
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: A family of unusual proteins is deposited in flat, structural platelets in reflective tissues of the squid Euprymna scolopes. These proteins, which we have named reflectins, are encoded by at least six genes in three subfamilies and have no reported homologs outside of squids. Reflectins possess five repeating domains, which are highly conserved among members of the family. The proteins have a very unusual composition, with four relatively rare residues (tyrosine, methionine, arginine, and tryptophan) comprising approximately 57% of a reflectin, and several common residues (alanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine) occurring in none of the family members. These protein-based reflectors in squids provide a marked example of nanofabrication in animal systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crookes, Wendy J -- Ding, Lin-Lin -- Huang, Qing Ling -- Kimbell, Jennifer R -- Horwitz, Joseph -- McFall-Ngai, Margaret J -- NEI R01 EY3897/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 A150661/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):235-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kewalo Marine Laboratory, Pacific Biomedical Research Center, University of Hawaii-Manoa, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acids/analysis ; Animals ; DNA, Complementary ; Decapodiformes/anatomy & histology/*chemistry/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Light ; Microscopy, Immunoelectron ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/*analysis/*chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification ; Sequence Alignment ; Solubility
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levitt, Pat -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):48-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development and Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA. pat.levitt@vanderbilt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology/embryology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Neurons/*cytology/*physiology ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stec, Boguslaw -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):41-4; author reply 41-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Cells ; *Life ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Proteins/*chemistry ; Selection, Genetic ; Thermodynamics
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: Hsp70s are a ubiquitous family of molecular chaperones involved in many cellular processes. Two Hsp70s, Lhs1p and Kar2p, are required for protein biogenesis in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we found that Lhs1p and Kar2p specifically interacted to couple, and coordinately regulate, their respective activities. Lhs1p stimulated Kar2p by providing a specific nucleotide exchange activity, whereas Kar2p reciprocally activated the Lhs1p adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). The two ATPase activities are coupled, and their coordinated regulation is essential for normal function in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steel, Gregor J -- Fullerton, Donna M -- Tyson, John R -- Stirling, Colin J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):98-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; *Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Transport Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: PTEN is a tumor suppressor protein that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate and antagonizes the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling pathway. We show here that PTEN can also inhibit cell migration through its C2 domain, independent of its lipid phosphatase activity. This activity depends on the protein phosphatase activity of PTEN and on dephosphorylation at a single residue, threonine(383). The ability of PTEN to control cell migration through its C2 domain is likely to be an important feature of its tumor suppressor activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raftopoulou, Myrto -- Etienne-Manneville, Sandrine -- Self, Annette -- Nicholls, Sarah -- Hall, Alan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Cell Biology Unit, Cancer Research UK Oncogene and Signal Transduction Group, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COS Cells ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/*physiology ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Glioma ; Humans ; Mutation ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/chemistry/metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphothreonine/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Sequence Deletion ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: Calmodulin (CaM) interactions with Ca2+ channels mediate both Ca2+ regulation of channels and local Ca2+ triggering of transcription factors implicated in neuronal memory. Crucial to these functions are the number of CaM molecules (CaMs) regulating each channel, and the number of CaMs privy to the local Ca2+ signal from each channel. To resolve these parameters, we fused L-type Ca2+ channels to single CaM molecules. These chimeric molecules revealed that a single CaM directs L-type channel regulation. Similar fusion molecules were used to estimate the local CaM concentration near Ca2+ channels. This estimate indicates marked enrichment of local CaM, as if a "school" of nearby CaMs were poised to enhance the transduction of local Ca2+ entry into diverse signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mori, Masayuki X -- Erickson, Michael G -- Yue, David T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):432-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ca2+ Signals Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/chemistry/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Calmodulin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Peptides/chemistry/genetics ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: The 1918 "Spanish" influenza pandemic represents the largest recorded outbreak of any infectious disease. The crystal structure of the uncleaved precursor of the major surface antigen of the extinct 1918 virus was determined at 3.0 angstrom resolution after reassembly of the hemagglutinin gene from viral RNA fragments preserved in 1918 formalin-fixed lung tissues. A narrow avian-like receptor-binding site, two previously unobserved histidine patches, and a less exposed surface loop at the cleavage site that activates viral membrane fusion reveal structural features primarily found in avian viruses, which may have contributed to the extraordinarily high infectivity and mortality rates observed during 1918.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stevens, James -- Corper, Adam L -- Basler, Christopher F -- Taubenberger, Jeffery K -- Palese, Peter -- Wilson, Ian A -- AI058113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI42266/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI50619/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA55896/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50-GM 62411/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1866-70. Epub 2004 Feb 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glycosylation ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*chemistry/metabolism ; Histidine/chemistry/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Influenza A virus/classification/*immunology/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/history/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Sialic Acids/metabolism
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, K J -- Gillson, L -- Brncic, T M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):402-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oxford Long-term Ecology Laboratory, Biodiversity Research Group, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TB, UK. kathy.willis@geog.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Agriculture ; Animals ; Archaeology ; Asia, Southeastern ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; South America ; Time Factors ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2004-01-13
    Description: During genetic recombination and the recombinational repair of chromosome breaks, DNA molecules become linked at points of strand exchange. Branch migration and resolution of these crossovers, or Holliday junctions (HJs), complete the recombination process. Here, we show that extracts from cells carrying mutations in the recombination/repair genes RAD51C or XRCC3 have reduced levels of HJ resolvase activity. Moreover, depletion of RAD51C from fractionated human extracts caused a loss of branch migration and resolution activity, but these functions were restored by complementation with a variety of RAD51 paralog complexes containing RAD51C. We conclude that the RAD51 paralogs are involved in HJ processing in human cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Yilun -- Masson, Jean-Yves -- Shah, Rajvee -- O'Regan, Paul -- West, Stephen C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 9;303(5655):243-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14716019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; DNA Repair ; DNA, Cruciform/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Holliday Junction Resolvases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2004-02-07
    Description: The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes can cause a life-threatening systemic illness in humans. Despite decades of progress in animal models of listeriosis, much remains unknown about the processes of infection and colonization. Here, we report that L. monocytogenes can replicate in the murine gall bladder and provide evidence that its replication there is extracellular and intraluminal. In vivo bioluminescence imaging was employed to determine the location of the infection over time in live animals, revealing strong signals from the gall bladder over a period of several days, in diseased as well as asymptomatic animals. The data suggest that L. monocytogenes may be carried in the human gall bladder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hardy, Jonathan -- Francis, Kevin P -- DeBoer, Monica -- Chu, Pauline -- Gibbs, Karine -- Contag, Christopher H -- R01HD37543/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 6;303(5659):851-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Female ; Gallbladder/*microbiology ; Gallbladder Diseases/*microbiology ; Listeria monocytogenes/genetics/*growth & development/isolation & ; purification/pathogenicity ; Listeriosis/*microbiology ; Liver/microbiology ; Luminescence ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutation ; Spleen/microbiology ; Time Factors ; Virulence
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: Nitric oxide (NO) is extremely toxic to Clostridium botulinum, but its molecular targets are unknown. Here, we identify a heme protein sensor (SONO) that displays femtomolar affinity for NO. The crystal structure of the SONO heme domain reveals a previously undescribed fold and a strategically placed tyrosine residue that modulates heme-nitrosyl coordination. Furthermore, the domain architecture of a SONO ortholog cloned from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii indicates that NO signaling through cyclic guanosine monophosphate arose before the origin of multicellular eukaryotes. Our findings have broad implications for understanding bacterial responses to NO, as well as for the activation of mammalian NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nioche, Pierre -- Berka, Vladimir -- Vipond, Julia -- Minton, Nigel -- Tsai, Ah-Lim -- Raman, C S -- AY343540/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI054444/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI054444-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1550-3. Epub 2004 Oct 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural Biology Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Biological Evolution ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Chemotaxis ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Clostridium botulinum/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Escherichia coli/genetics/growth & development ; Guanylate Cyclase ; Heme/chemistry/metabolism ; Hemeproteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protoporphyrins/analysis/metabolism ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; Static Electricity ; Thermoanaerobacter/chemistry
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: Resource pulses are occasional events of ephemeral resource superabundance that occur in many ecosystems. Aboveground consumers in diverse communities often respond strongly to resource pulses, but few studies have investigated the belowground consequences of resource pulses in natural ecosystems. This study shows that resource pulses of 17-year periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) directly increase microbial biomass and nitrogen availability in forest soils, with indirect effects on growth and reproduction in forest plants. These findings suggest that pulses of periodical cicadas create "bottom-up cascades," resulting in strong and reciprocal links between the aboveground and belowground components of a North American forest ecosystem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Louie H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1565-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Population Biology, Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. lhyang@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Biomass ; Campanulaceae/chemistry/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Fungi/growth & development ; Hemiptera/growth & development/*physiology ; Life Cycle Stages ; Nitrates/analysis ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/analysis ; Seeds/growth & development ; Soil/analysis ; Soil Microbiology ; Time Factors ; *Trees/growth & development ; United States
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dushoff, Jonathan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):684; author reply 684.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and, Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. dushoff@eno.princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118146" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; Time Factors
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eagleman, David M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1144-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Perception and Action, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas, Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA. david.eagleman@uth.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Attention ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Humans ; *Intention ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Motor Activity ; Motor Cortex/blood supply/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/blood supply/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/blood supply/physiology ; Regional Blood Flow ; Time Factors
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: Images of entire cells are preceding atomic structures of the separate molecular machines that they contain. The resulting gap in knowledge can be partly bridged by protein-protein interactions, bioinformatics, and electron microscopy. Here we use interactions of known three-dimensional structure to model a large set of yeast complexes, which we also screen by electron microscopy. For 54 of 102 complexes, we obtain at least partial models of interacting subunits. For 29, including the exosome, the chaperonin containing TCP-1, a 3'-messenger RNA degradation complex, and RNA polymerase II, the process suggests atomic details not easily seen by homology, involving the combination of two or more known structures. We also consider interactions between complexes (cross-talk) and use these to construct a structure-based network of molecular machines in the cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aloy, Patrick -- Bottcher, Bettina -- Ceulemans, Hugo -- Leutwein, Christina -- Mellwig, Christian -- Fischer, Susanne -- Gavin, Anne-Claude -- Bork, Peer -- Superti-Furga, Giulio -- Serrano, Luis -- Russell, Robert B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):2026-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Programme, 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chaperonins/chemistry/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; *Protein Interaction Mapping ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Polymerase II/chemistry/metabolism ; Ribonuclease P/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: When we look at our hands, we immediately know that they are part of our own body. This feeling of ownership of our limbs is a fundamental aspect of self-consciousness. We have studied the neuronal counterparts of this experience. A perceptual illusion was used to manipulate feelings of ownership of a rubber hand presented in front of healthy subjects while brain activity was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The neural activity in the premotor cortex reflected the feeling of ownership of the hand. This suggests that multisensory integration in the premotor cortex provides a mechanism for bodily self-attribution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrsson, H Henrik -- Spence, Charles -- Passingham, Richard E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):875-7. Epub 2004 Jul 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. h.ehrsson@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Body Image ; Brain/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebellum/physiology ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Proprioception ; Time Factors ; Touch ; Vision, Ocular
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: Consequences of progressive biodiversity declines depend on the functional roles of individual species and the order in which species are lost. Most studies of the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relation tackle only the first of these factors. We used observed variation in grassland diversity to design an experimental test of how realistic species losses affect invasion resistance. Because entire plant functional groups disappeared faster than expected by chance, resistance declined dramatically with progressive species losses. Realistic biodiversity losses, even of rare species, can thus affect ecosystem processes far more than indicated by randomized-loss experiments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zavaleta, Erika S -- Hulvey, Kristin B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1175-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. zavaleta@ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/*growth & development ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; California ; Centaurea/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Poaceae/*growth & development ; Seasons ; Time Factors
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hill, Geoffrey E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2201-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. ghill@acesag.auburn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15619587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Carotenoids/*analysis ; Feathers/*chemistry/growth & development ; Female ; Hydrogen/*analysis ; Isotopes ; Life Cycle Stages ; Male ; *Molting ; Pigmentation ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; Songbirds/growth & development/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2004-12-14
    Description: Malaria parasites secrete proteins across the vacuolar membrane into the erythrocyte, inducing modifications linked to disease and parasite survival. We identified an 11-amino acid signal required for the secretion of proteins from the Plasmodium falciparum vacuole to the human erythrocyte. Bioinformatics predicted a secretome of 〉320 proteins and conservation of the signal across parasite species. Functional studies indicated the predictive value of the signal and its role in targeting virulence proteins to the erythrocyte and implicated its recognition by a receptor/transporter. Erythrocyte modification by the parasite may involve plasmodial heat shock proteins and be vastly more complex than hitherto realized.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hiller, N Luisa -- Bhattacharjee, Souvik -- van Ooij, Christiaan -- Liolios, Konstantinos -- Harrison, Travis -- Lopez-Estrano, Carlos -- Haldar, Kasturi -- AI39071/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HL69630/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 10;306(5703):1934-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15591203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Computational Biology ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Erythrocytes/*metabolism/parasitology ; Genes, Protozoan ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/parasitology ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism/*pathogenicity ; *Protein Sorting Signals ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transgenes ; Vacuoles/metabolism/parasitology ; Virulence Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: Plexins are cell surface receptors for semaphorin molecules, and their interaction governs cell adhesion and migration in a variety of tissues. We report that the Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) receptor Plexin-B1 directly stimulates the intrinsic guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity of R-Ras, a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins that has been implicated in promoting cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth. This activity required the interaction of Plexin-B1 with Rnd1, a small GTP-binding protein of the Rho family. Down-regulation of R-Ras activity by the Plexin-B1-Rnd1 complex was essential for the Sema4D-induced growth cone collapse in hippocampal neurons. Thus, Plexin-B1 mediates Sema4D-induced repulsive axon guidance signaling by acting as a GTPase activating protein for R-Ras.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oinuma, Izumi -- Ishikawa, Yukio -- Katoh, Hironori -- Negishi, Manabu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):862-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antigens, CD ; Axons/physiology ; COS Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Down-Regulation ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurites/physiology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Semaphorins ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; ras Proteins/*metabolism ; rho GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: Mobilization of fatty acids from triglyceride stores in adipose tissue requires lipolytic enzymes. Dysfunctional lipolysis affects energy homeostasis and may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. Until now, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was the only enzyme known to hydrolyze triglycerides in mammalian adipose tissue. Here, we report that a second enzyme, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis. It is interesting that ATGL contains a "patatin domain" common to plant acyl-hydrolases. ATGL is highly expressed in adipose tissue of mice and humans. It exhibits high substrate specificity for triacylglycerol and is associated with lipid droplets. Inhibition of ATGL markedly decreases total adipose acyl-hydrolase activity. Thus, ATGL and HSL coordinately catabolize stored triglycerides in adipose tissue of mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmermann, Robert -- Strauss, Juliane G -- Haemmerle, Guenter -- Schoiswohl, Gabriele -- Birner-Gruenberger, Ruth -- Riederer, Monika -- Lass, Achim -- Neuberger, Georg -- Eisenhaber, Frank -- Hermetter, Albin -- Zechner, Rudolf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1383-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3-L1 Cells ; Adipocytes/enzymology/*metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/enzymology/*metabolism ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/enzymology/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/enzymology ; DNA, Complementary ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Gene Silencing ; Glycerol/metabolism ; Humans ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; *Lipid Mobilization ; Lipolysis ; Lipoprotein Lipase/chemistry/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Sterol Esterase/genetics/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Transfection ; Triglycerides/metabolism
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2004-11-13
    Description: Various forms of birth control have been developed for women; however, there are currently few options for men. The development of male contraceptives that are effective, safe, and reversible is desired for family planning throughout the world. We now report contraception of male nonhuman primates (Macaca radiata) immunized with Eppin, a testis/epididymis-specific protein. Seven out of nine males (78%) developed high titers to Eppin, and all of these high-titer monkeys were infertile. Five out of seven (71%) high-anti-Eppin titer males recovered fertility when immunization was stopped. This study demonstrates that effective and reversible male immunocontraception is an attainable goal. This method of immunocontraception may be extended to humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'rand, M G -- Widgren, E E -- Sivashanmugam, P -- Richardson, R T -- Hall, S H -- French, F S -- VandeVoort, C A -- Ramachandra, S G -- Ramesh, V -- Jagannadha Rao, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 12;306(5699):1189-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. morand@unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15539605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/analysis/blood ; *Contraception, Immunologic ; Female ; Fertility ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Immunization, Secondary ; Macaca mulatta ; Macaca radiata ; Male ; Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory ; Proteins/*immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology ; Semen/immunology ; Time Factors ; Vaccination ; *Vaccines, Contraceptive
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  • 32
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostfeld, Richard S -- Keesing, Felicia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1488-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545, USA. rostfeld@ecostudies.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development ; Biomass ; Campanulaceae/*growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; Fungi/growth & development ; Hemiptera/growth & development/*physiology ; Life Cycle Stages ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Plant Roots ; Soil/analysis ; Soil Microbiology ; Time Factors ; Trees/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: We used force-clamp atomic force microscopy to measure the end-to-end length of the small protein ubiquitin during its folding reaction at the single-molecule level. Ubiquitin was first unfolded and extended at a high force, then the stretching force was quenched and protein folding was observed. The folding trajectories were continuous and marked by several distinct stages. The time taken to fold was dependent on the contour length of the unfolded protein and the stretching force applied during folding. The folding collapse was marked by large fluctuations in the end-to-end length of the protein, but these fluctuations vanished upon the final folding contraction. These direct observations of the complete folding trajectory of a protein provide a benchmark to determine the physical basis of the folding reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez, Julio M -- Li, Hongbin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1674-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. jfernandez@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15017000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry, Physical ; *Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Polyubiquitin/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Denaturation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Time Factors ; Ubiquitin/*chemistry
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: Most explanations of the increase in life expectancy at older ages over history emphasize the importance of medical and public health factors of a particular historical period. We propose that the reduction in lifetime exposure to infectious diseases and other sources of inflammation--a cohort mechanism--has also made an important contribution to the historical decline in old-age mortality. Analysis of birth cohorts across the life-span since 1751 in Sweden reveals strong associations between early-age mortality and subsequent mortality in the same cohorts. We propose that a "cohort morbidity phenotype" represents inflammatory processes that persist from early age into adult life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finch, Caleb E -- Crimmins, Eileen M -- AG05142/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG13499/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG14751/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG17265/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1736-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Andrus Gerontology Center and Departments of Biological Sciencesand of Sociology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. cefinch@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375259" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; *Infection/epidemiology ; *Inflammation/epidemiology ; *Life Expectancy ; Longevity ; Morbidity ; *Mortality ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Time Factors
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hungate, Bruce A -- Stiling, Peter D -- Dijkstra, Paul -- Johnson, Dale W -- Ketterer, Michael E -- Hymus, Graham J -- Hinkle, C Ross -- Drake, Bert G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1291.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA. bruce.hungate@nau.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Atmosphere ; Biomass ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Ecosystem ; Fabaceae/*metabolism ; Florida ; Light ; Molybdenum/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Quercus/metabolism ; Time Factors
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. We previously mapped a locus for a rare familial form of PD to chromosome 1p36 (PARK6). Here we show that mutations in PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1) are associated with PARK6. We have identified two homozygous mutations affecting the PINK1 kinase domain in three consanguineous PARK6 families: a truncating nonsense mutation and a missense mutation at a highly conserved amino acid. Cell culture studies suggest that PINK1 is mitochondrially located and may exert a protective effect on the cell that is abrogated by the mutations, resulting in increased susceptibility to cellular stress. These data provide a direct molecular link between mitochondria and the pathogenesis of PD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valente, Enza Maria -- Abou-Sleiman, Patrick M -- Caputo, Viviana -- Muqit, Miratul M K -- Harvey, Kirsten -- Gispert, Suzana -- Ali, Zeeshan -- Del Turco, Domenico -- Bentivoglio, Anna Rita -- Healy, Daniel G -- Albanese, Alberto -- Nussbaum, Robert -- Gonzalez-Maldonado, Rafael -- Deller, Thomas -- Salvi, Sergio -- Cortelli, Pietro -- Gilks, William P -- Latchman, David S -- Harvey, Robert J -- Dallapiccola, Bruno -- Auburger, Georg -- Wood, Nicholas W -- G-4029/Parkinson's UK/United Kingdom -- GGP02089/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1158-60. Epub 2004 Apr 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CSS IRCCS, Mendel Institute, viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198 Rome, Italy. e.valente@css-mendel.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; COS Cells ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Codon, Nonsense ; Exons ; Humans ; Leupeptins/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials ; Mitochondria/enzymology/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Neurons/metabolism/physiology ; Oxidative Stress ; Parkinson Disease/enzymology/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Transfection
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: How can neural activity propagate through cortical networks built with weak, stochastic synapses? We find precise repetitions of spontaneous patterns of synaptic inputs in neocortical neurons in vivo and in vitro. These patterns repeat after minutes, maintaining millisecond accuracy. Calcium imaging of slices reveals reactivation of sequences of cells during the occurrence of repeated intracellular synaptic patterns. The spontaneous activity drifts with time, engaging different cells. Sequences of active neurons have distinct spatial structures and are repeated in the same order over tens of seconds, revealing modular temporal dynamics. Higher order sequences are replayed with compressed timing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ikegaya, Yuji -- Aaron, Gloster -- Cossart, Rosa -- Aronov, Dmitriy -- Lampl, Ilan -- Ferster, David -- Yuste, Rafael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):559-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine/pharmacology ; 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology ; Action Potentials ; Animals ; Benzazepines/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cats ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Prefrontal Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: Vesicle fusion involves vesicle tethering, docking, and membrane merger. We show that mitofusin, an integral mitochondrial membrane protein, is required on adjacent mitochondria to mediate fusion, which indicates that mitofusin complexes act in trans (that is, between adjacent mitochondria). A heptad repeat region (HR2) mediates mitofusin oligomerization by assembling a dimeric, antiparallel coiled coil. The transmembrane segments are located at opposite ends of the 95 angstrom coiled coil and provide a mechanism for organelle tethering. Consistent with this proposal, truncated mitofusin, in an HR2-dependent manner, causes mitochondria to become apposed with a uniform gap. Our results suggest that HR2 functions as a mitochondrial tether before fusion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshiba, Takumi -- Detmer, Scott A -- Kaiser, Jens T -- Chen, Hsiuchen -- McCaffery, J Michael -- Chan, David C -- R01 GM62967/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR019409-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):858-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC114-96, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology/ultrastructure ; Membrane Fusion ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: The crystal structure of biotin synthase from Escherichia coli in complex with S-adenosyl-L-methionine and dethiobiotin has been determined to 3.4 angstrom resolution. This structure addresses how "AdoMet radical" or "radical SAM" enzymes use Fe4S4 clusters and S-adenosyl-L-methionine to generate organic radicals. Biotin synthase catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of sulfur into dethiobiotin to form biotin. The structure places the substrates between the Fe4S4 cluster, essential for radical generation, and the Fe2S2 cluster, postulated to be the source of sulfur, with both clusters in unprecedented coordination environments.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1456065/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1456065/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berkovitch, Frederick -- Nicolet, Yvain -- Wan, Jason T -- Jarrett, Joseph T -- Drennan, Catherine L -- NSLS X25/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM059175/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM59175/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM65337/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32-GM07229/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):76-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Biotin/*analogs & derivatives/*chemistry/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Escherichia coli Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Iron/chemistry ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; S-Adenosylmethionine/*chemistry/metabolism ; Sulfur/chemistry ; Sulfurtransferases/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: The hippocampus is crucial for spatial memory formation, yet it does not store long-lasting memories. By combining functional brain imaging and region-specific neuronal inactivation in mice, we identified prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices as critical for storage and retrieval of remote spatial memories [correction]. Imaging of activity-dependent genes also revealed an involvement of parietal and retrosplenial cortices during consolidation of remote memory. Long-term memory storage within some of these neocortical regions was accompanied by structural changes including synaptogenesis and laminar reorganization, concomitant with a functional disengagement of the hippocampus and posterior cingulate cortex [correction]. Thus, consolidation of spatial memory requires a time-dependent hippocampal-cortical dialogue, ultimately enabling widespread cortical networks to mediate effortful recall and use of cortically stored remote memories independently.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maviel, Thibault -- Durkin, Thomas P -- Menzaghi, Frederique -- Bontempi, Bruno -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):96-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS UMR 5106, Universite de Bordeaux 1, Avenue des Facultes, 33405 Talence, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; GAP-43 Protein/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Immediate-Early ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism ; Lidocaine/pharmacology ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Mental Recall ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neocortex/*physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/physiology ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 41
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: Space used by animals increases with increasing body size. Energy requirements alone can explain how population density decreases, but not the steep rate at which home range area increases. We present a general mechanistic model that predicts the frequency of interaction, spatial overlap, and loss of resources to neighbors. Extensive empirical evidence supports the model, demonstrating that spatial constraints on defense cause exclusivity of home range use to decrease with increasing body size. In large mammals, over 90% of available resources may be lost to neighbors. Our model offers a general framework to understand animal space use and sociality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jetz, Walter -- Carbone, Chris -- Fulford, Jenny -- Brown, James H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):266-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, USA. wjetz@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Environment ; *Homing Behavior ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Population Density
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  • 42
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von Hippel, Peter H -- GM-15792/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-29158/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):350-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. petevh@molbio.uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; DNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Diffusion ; Dimerization ; Escherichia coli/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Kinetics ; Lac Operon ; Lac Repressors ; Models, Genetic ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Operator Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Static Electricity ; Thermodynamics ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: The experience of pain arises from both physiological and psychological factors, including one's beliefs and expectations. Thus, placebo treatments that have no intrinsic pharmacological effects may produce analgesia by altering expectations. However, controversy exists regarding whether placebos alter sensory pain transmission, pain affect, or simply produce compliance with the suggestions of investigators. In two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments, we found that placebo analgesia was related to decreased brain activity in pain-sensitive brain regions, including the thalamus, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex, and was associated with increased activity during anticipation of pain in the prefrontal cortex, providing evidence that placebos alter the experience of pain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wager, Tor D -- Rilling, James K -- Smith, Edward E -- Sokolik, Alex -- Casey, Kenneth L -- Davidson, Richard J -- Kosslyn, Stephen M -- Rose, Robert M -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1162-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 525 East University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA. torw@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Analgesia ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Electroshock ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesencephalon/physiology ; *Pain ; *Placebo Effect ; Placebos/*pharmacology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Thalamus/physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sontheimer, Erik J -- Carthew, Richard W -- R01 GM068743/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077581/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1409-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. erik@northwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry ; Argonaute Proteins ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Peptide Initiation Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Pyrococcus furiosus/chemistry ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/*metabolism
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2004-06-12
    Description: A tight coupling between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and vectorial ion transport has to be maintained by ATP-consuming ion pumps. We report two crystal structures of Ca2+-bound sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA) at 2.6 and 2.9 angstrom resolution in complex with (i) a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog [adenosine (beta-gamma methylene)-triphosphate] and (ii) adenosine diphosphate plus aluminum fluoride. SERCA reacts with ATP by an associative mechanism mediated by two Mg2+ ions to form an aspartyl-phosphorylated intermediate state (Ca2-E1 approximately P). The conformational changes that accompany the reaction with ATP pull the transmembrane helices 1 and 2 and close a cytosolic entrance for Ca2+, thereby preventing backflow before Ca2+ is released on the other side of the membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sorensen, Thomas Lykke-Moller -- Moller, Jesper Vuust -- Nissen, Poul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 11;304(5677):1672-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15192230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Aluminum Compounds/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Fluorides/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/*enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rabbits ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: Recombinant mouse prion protein (recMoPrP) produced in Escherichia coli was polymerized into amyloid fibrils that represent a subset of beta sheet-rich structures. Fibrils consisting of recMoPrP(89-230) were inoculated intracerebrally into transgenic (Tg) mice expressing MoPrP(89-231). The mice developed neurologic dysfunction between 380 and 660 days after inoculation. Brain extracts showed protease-resistant PrP by Western blotting; these extracts transmitted disease to wild-type FVB mice and Tg mice overexpressing PrP, with incubation times of 150 and 90 days, respectively. Neuropathological findings suggest that a novel prion strain was created. Our results provide compelling evidence that prions are infectious proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Legname, Giuseppe -- Baskakov, Ilia V -- Nguyen, Hoang-Oanh B -- Riesner, Detlev -- Cohen, Fred E -- DeArmond, Stephen J -- Prusiner, Stanley B -- AG02132/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG021601/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG10770/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):673-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286374" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Biopolymers ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology ; PrPSc Proteins/analysis/metabolism ; Prion Diseases/*etiology/pathology/transmission ; Prions/administration & dosage/biosynthesis/chemistry/*pathogenicity ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/biosynthesis/chemistry ; Time Factors ; Tissue Extracts/administration & dosage ; Vacuoles/pathology
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2004-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minna, John D -- Gazdar, Adi F -- Sprang, Stephen R -- Herz, Joachim -- P50CA70907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1458-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. john.minna@utsouthwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; *Genes, erbB-1 ; Humans ; Japan ; Ligands ; Lung Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism ; *Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Quinazolines/*therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Smoking ; Treatment Outcome ; United States
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: Very rare cases of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) harbor chromosomal translocations that involve NOTCH1, a gene encoding a transmembrane receptor that regulates normal T cell development. Here, we report that more than 50% of human T-ALLs, including tumors from all major molecular oncogenic subtypes, have activating mutations that involve the extracellular heterodimerization domain and/or the C-terminal PEST domain of NOTCH1. These findings greatly expand the role of activated NOTCH1 in the molecular pathogenesis of human T-ALL and provide a strong rationale for targeted therapies that interfere with NOTCH signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weng, Andrew P -- Ferrando, Adolfo A -- Lee, Woojoong -- Morris, John P 4th -- Silverman, Lewis B -- Sanchez-Irizarry, Cheryll -- Blacklow, Stephen C -- Look, A Thomas -- Aster, Jon C -- CA109901/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA68484/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA82308/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA94233/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA98093/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA109901/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):269-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Child ; Dimerization ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/*genetics/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Point Mutation ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptor, Notch1 ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: The motility of molecular motors and the dynamic instability of microtubules are key dynamic processes for mitotic spindle assembly and function. We report here that one of the mitotic kinesins that localizes to chromosomes, Xklp1 from Xenopus laevis, could inhibit microtubule growth and shrinkage. This effect appeared to be mediated by a structural change in the microtubule lattice. We also found that Xklp1 could act as a fast, nonprocessive, plus end-directed molecular motor. The integration of the two properties, motility and inhibition of microtubule dynamics, in one molecule emphasizes the versatile properties of kinesin family members.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bringmann, Henrik -- Skiniotis, Georgios -- Spilker, Annina -- Kandels-Lewis, Stefanie -- Vernos, Isabelle -- Surrey, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1519-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Biophysics Programme, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrabetae 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Centrosome/metabolism ; Chromosomes/metabolism ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Dimerization ; Kinetics ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Microtubules/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*metabolism ; Paclitaxel/pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Tubulin/metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2004-01-17
    Description: A key priority for infectious disease research is to clarify how pathogen genetic variation, modulated by host immunity, transmission bottlenecks, and epidemic dynamics, determines the wide variety of pathogen phylogenies observed at scales that range from individual host to population. We call the melding of immunodynamics, epidemiology, and evolutionary biology required to achieve this synthesis pathogen "phylodynamics." We introduce a phylodynamic framework for the dissection of dynamic forces that determine the diversity of epidemiological and phylogenetic patterns observed in RNA viruses of vertebrates. A central pillar of this model is the Evolutionary Infectivity Profile, which captures the relationship between immune selection and pathogen transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grenfell, Bryan T -- Pybus, Oliver G -- Gog, Julia R -- Wood, James L N -- Daly, Janet M -- Mumford, Jenny A -- Holmes, Edward C -- BB/B524092/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):327-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK. btg11@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Antigenic Variation/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; *Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Immunity ; Mutation ; *Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; RNA Virus Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/veterinary/*virology ; RNA Viruses/*genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Time Factors ; Vaccination
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2004-10-23
    Description: In mammalian cells, repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is critical for genome stability. Although the end-bridging and ligation steps of NHEJ have been reconstituted in vitro, little is known about the end-processing reactions that occur before ligation. Recently, functionally homologous end-bridging and ligation activities have been identified in prokarya. Consistent with its homology to polymerases and nucleases, we demonstrate that DNA ligase D from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt-Lig) possesses a unique variety of nucleotidyl transferase activities, including gap-filling polymerase, terminal transferase, and primase, and is also a 3' to 5' exonuclease. These enzyme activities allow the Mt-Ku and Mt-Lig proteins to join incompatible DSB ends in vitro, as well as to reconstitute NHEJ in vivo in yeast. These results demonstrate that prokaryotic Ku and ligase form a bona fide NHEJ system that encodes all the recognition, processing, and ligation activities required for DSB repair.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Della, Marina -- Palmbos, Phillip L -- Tseng, Hui-Min -- Tonkin, Louise M -- Daley, James M -- Topper, Leana M -- Pitcher, Robert S -- Tomkinson, Alan E -- Wilson, Thomas E -- Doherty, Aidan J -- R01 CA102563/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA102563-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):683-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Department of Haematology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2XY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15499016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; DNA Ligases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA Primase/chemistry/metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/chemistry/metabolism ; Exonucleases/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics/*metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: Legumes can enter into symbiotic relationships with both nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) and mycorrhizal fungi. Nodulation by rhizobia results from a signal transduction pathway induced in legume roots by rhizobial Nod factors. DMI3, a Medicago truncatula gene that acts immediately downstream of calcium spiking in this signaling pathway and is required for both nodulation and mycorrhizal infection, has high sequence similarity to genes encoding calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CCaMKs). This indicates that calcium spiking is likely an essential component of the signaling cascade leading to nodule development and mycorrhizal infection, and sheds light on the biological role of plant CCaMKs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levy, Julien -- Bres, Cecile -- Geurts, Rene -- Chalhoub, Boulos -- Kulikova, Olga -- Duc, Gerard -- Journet, Etienne-Pascal -- Ane, Jean-Michel -- Lauber, Emmanuelle -- Bisseling, Ton -- Denarie, Jean -- Rosenberg, Charles -- Debelle, Frederic -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1361-4. Epub 2004 Feb 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes INRA-CNRS, BP27, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Cloning, Molecular ; EF Hand Motifs ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism ; Medicago/*enzymology/genetics/microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Mycorrhizae/*physiology ; Peas/*enzymology/genetics/microbiology ; Plant Roots/enzymology/microbiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rhizobium/genetics ; Sinorhizobium meliloti/*physiology ; *Symbiosis ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2012.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Animals ; Biological Warfare ; Ecosystem ; Genome ; Information Dissemination ; Mars ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Publishing ; *Science ; Security Measures
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 17;306(5704):2013-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15604368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Organism ; DNA, Intergenic ; Genome ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Public Health ; *Science ; Water/chemistry
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: The structure of the general transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) in a complex with RNA polymerase II reveals three features crucial for transcription initiation: an N-terminal zinc ribbon domain of TFIIB that contacts the "dock" domain of the polymerase, near the path of RNA exit from a transcribing enzyme; a "finger" domain of TFIIB that is inserted into the polymerase active center; and a C-terminal domain, whose interaction with both the polymerase and with a TATA box-binding protein (TBP)-promoter DNA complex orients the DNA for unwinding and transcription. TFIIB stabilizes an early initiation complex, containing an incomplete RNA-DNA hybrid region. It may interact with the template strand, which sets the location of the transcription start site, and may interfere with RNA exit, which leads to abortive initiation or promoter escape. The trajectory of promoter DNA determined by the C-terminal domain of TFIIB traverses sites of interaction with TFIIE, TFIIF, and TFIIH, serving to define their roles in the transcription initiation process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushnell, David A -- Westover, Kenneth D -- Davis, Ralph E -- Kornberg, Roger D -- AI21144/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM49985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):983-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5126, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/*chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; TATA Box ; TATA-Box Binding Protein/chemistry/metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription Factor TFIIB/*chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors, TFII/chemistry/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Zinc/chemistry
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  • 56
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abeles, Moshe -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 23;304(5670):523-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel, and Center for Neural Computation, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. moshe.abeles@mail.biu.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15105481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cats ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Mice ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors ; Visual Cortex/cytology/*physiology
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woods, C Geoffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1455-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Medicine Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. msjcgw@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/metabolism/*physiology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neural Pathways ; Ophthalmoplegia/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Rhombencephalon/growth & development/metabolism/*pathology ; Scoliosis/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Syndrome ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ainslie, George -- Monterosso, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):421-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Coatesville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Coatesville, PA 19320, USA. george.ainslie@med.va.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Basal Ganglia/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; *Decision Making ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; *Reward ; Time Factors
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: The motor protein kinesin moves along microtubules, driven by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. However, it remains unclear how kinesin converts the chemical energy into mechanical movement. We report crystal structures of monomeric kinesin KIF1A with three transition-state analogs: adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-vanadate, and ADP-AlFx (aluminofluoride complexes). These structures, together with known structures of the ADP-bound state and the adenylyl-(beta,gamma-methylene) diphosphate (AMP-PCP)-bound state, show that kinesin uses two microtubule-binding loops in an alternating manner to change its interaction with microtubules during the ATP hydrolysis cycle; loop L11 is extended in the AMP-PNP structure, whereas loop L12 is extended in the ADP structure. ADP-vanadate displays an intermediate structure in which a conformational change in two switch regions causes both loops to be raised from the microtubule, thus actively detaching kinesin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nitta, Ryo -- Kikkawa, Masahide -- Okada, Yasushi -- Hirokawa, Nobutaka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):678-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/metabolism ; Aluminum/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fluorides/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Kinesin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Vanadates/metabolism
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: Plants with a winter growth habit flower earlier when exposed for several weeks to cold temperatures, a process called vernalization. We report here the positional cloning of the wheat vernalization gene VRN2, a dominant repressor of flowering that is down-regulated by vernalization. Loss of function of VRN2, whether by natural mutations or deletions, resulted in spring lines, which do not require vernalization to flower. Reduction of the RNA level of VRN2 by RNA interference accelerated the flowering time of transgenic winter-wheat plants by more than a month.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737501/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737501/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yan, Liuling -- Loukoianov, Artem -- Blechl, Ann -- Tranquilli, Gabriela -- Ramakrishna, Wusirika -- SanMiguel, Phillip -- Bennetzen, Jeffrey L -- Echenique, Viviana -- Dubcovsky, Jorge -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1640-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics/growth & development ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Cold Temperature ; Down-Regulation ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Flowers/*growth & development ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Variation ; Hordeum/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; Seasons ; Transcription, Genetic ; Triticum/*genetics/*growth & development
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  • 61
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mackinnon, Roderick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1304-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. mackinn@rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15550651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arginine/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Ion Channel Gating ; *Lipid Bilayers ; Membrane Lipids/*chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/*chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2004-02-28
    Description: We determined the minimal portion of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme able to accomplish promoter melting, the crucial step in transcription initiation that provides RNAP access to the template strand. Upon duplex DNA binding, the N terminus of the beta' subunit (amino acids 1 to 314) and amino acids 94 to 507 of the sigma subunit, together comprising less than one-fifth of RNAP holoenzyme, were able to melt an extended -10 promoter in a reaction remarkably similar to that of authentic holoenzyme. Our results support the model that capture of nontemplate bases extruded from the DNA helix underlies the melting process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, Brian A -- Gruber, Tanja M -- Gross, Carol A -- GM 57755/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 27;303(5662):1382-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Stomatology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14988563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA, Superhelical/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology/*genetics ; Holoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sigma Factor/chemistry/*metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2004-05-15
    Description: Dynamic changes in chromatin structure, induced by posttranslational modification of histones, play a fundamental role in regulating eukaryotic transcription. Here we report that histone H2B is phosphorylated at evolutionarily conserved Ser33 (H2B-S33) by the carboxyl-terminal kinase domain (CTK) of the Drosophila TFIID subunit TAF1. Phosphorylation of H2B-S33 at the promoter of the cell cycle regulatory gene string and the segmentation gene giant coincides with transcriptional activation. Elimination of TAF1 CTK activity in Drosophila cells and embryos reduces transcriptional activation and phosphorylation of H2B-S33. These data reveal that H2B-S33 is a physiological substrate for the TAF1 CTK and that H2B-S33 phosphorylation is essential for transcriptional activation events that promote cell cycle progression and development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maile, Tobias -- Kwoczynski, Simona -- Katzenberger, Rebeccah J -- Wassarman, David A -- Sauer, Frank -- GM066204-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):1010-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 95121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Drosophila/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Genes, Insect ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphoserine/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors ; Transcription Factor TFIID/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; *Transcription, Genetic ; *Transcriptional Activation
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hilgemann, Donald W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):223-4. Epub 2004 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75235, USA. donald.hilgemann@utsouthwestern.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Eicosanoic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lipid Bilayers ; Membrane Lipids/*metabolism ; Micelles ; Models, Biological ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction ; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/metabolism
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  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cho, Adrian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):643-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomechanical Phenomena ; *Engineering ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Mechanics ; Physics ; Research Support as Topic ; *Sports ; *Sports Equipment ; United States
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  • 66
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 28;304(5675):1281.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15166361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Career Choice ; Emigration and Immigration ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; India ; Physics ; Public Health ; United States
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: Toward the end of the breeding season, migratory songbirds face crucial tradeoffs between the timing of reproduction, molt, and migration. Using stable hydrogen isotopes, we show that male American redstarts investing in high levels of reproduction late in the season adopt a unique strategy of combining molt and migration. Tail feathers molted during migration also reflect less orange-red light, indicating reduced carotenoid concentration. Thus, we show how reproduction in a migratory animal can influence both life history strategies (location of molt) and social signals (feather color) during subsequent periods of the annual cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norris, D Ryan -- Marra, Peter P -- Montgomerie, Robert -- Kyser, T Kurt -- Ratcliffe, Laurene M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 24;306(5705):2249-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada. ryann@biology.queensu.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Breeding ; Carotenoids/*analysis ; Feathers/*chemistry ; Female ; Hydrogen/analysis ; Isotopes ; Life Cycle Stages ; Male ; *Molting ; *Pigmentation ; *Reproduction ; Seasons ; Songbirds/growth & development/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: The freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata possesses a diverse family of fibrinogen-related proteins (FREPs), hemolymph polypeptides that consist of one or two amino-terminal immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domains and a carboxyl-terminal fibrinogen domain. Here, we show that the IgSF1 domain of the FREP3 subfamily is diversified at the genomic level at higher rates than those recorded for control genes. All sequence variants are derived from a small set of nine source sequences by point mutation and recombinatorial processes. Diverse FREP3 transcripts are also produced. We hypothesize a mechanism present in snails that is capable of diversifying molecules involved in internal defense.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Si-Ming -- Adema, Coen M -- Kepler, Thomas B -- Loker, Eric S -- R01AI24340/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI52363/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR-1P20RR18754/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):251-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biomphalaria/embryology/*genetics/immunology ; Blotting, Southern ; Computational Biology ; DNA, Complementary ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; *Genetic Variation ; Hemocytes ; Immunoglobulins/chemistry/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombination, Genetic
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: Apoptosis is triggered by activation of initiator caspases upon complex-mediated clustering of the inactive zymogen, as occurs in the caspase-9-activating apoptosome complex. Likewise, caspase-2, which is involved in stress-induced apoptosis, is recruited into a large protein complex, the molecular composition of which remains elusive. We show that activation of caspase-2 occurs in a complex that contains the death domain-containing protein PIDD, whose expression is induced by p53, and the adaptor protein RAIDD. Increased PIDD expression resulted in spontaneous activation of caspase-2 and sensitization to apoptosis by genotoxic stimuli. Because PIDD functions in p53-mediated apoptosis, the complex assembled by PIDD and caspase-2 is likely to regulate apoptosis induced by genotoxins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tinel, Antoine -- Tschopp, Jurg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):843-6. Epub 2004 Apr 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; *Apoptosis ; CRADD Signaling Adaptor Protein ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Caspase 2 ; Caspases/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA Damage ; Death Domain Receptor Signaling Adaptor Proteins ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Etoposide/pharmacology ; Humans ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2004-03-06
    Description: Activity-dependent plasticity in the brain arises in part from changes in the number of synaptic AMPA receptors. Synaptic trafficking of AMPA receptors is controlled by stargazin and homologous transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs). We found that TARPs were stable at the plasma membrane, whereas AMPA receptors were internalized in a glutamate-regulated manner. Interaction with AMPA receptors involved both extra- and intracellular determinants of TARPs. Upon binding to glutamate, AMPA receptors detached from TARPs. This did not require ion flux or intracellular second messengers. This allosteric mechanism for AMPA receptor dissociation from TARPs may participate in glutamate-mediated internalization of receptors in synaptic plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomita, Susumu -- Fukata, Masaki -- Nicoll, Roger A -- Bredt, David S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 5;303(5663):1508-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-2140, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15001777" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium Channels/analysis/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/chemistry/cytology ; Endocytosis ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Xenopus laevis ; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid/pharmacology
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-07-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhuang, Xiaowei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 9;305(5681):188-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. zhuang@chemistry.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Dimerization ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Lasers ; Microspheres ; Multiprotein Complexes ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2004-03-20
    Description: Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels control action potential repolarization, interspike membrane potential, and action potential frequency in excitable cells. It is thought that the combinatorial association between distinct alpha and beta subunits determines whether Kv channels function as non-inactivating delayed rectifiers or as rapidly inactivating A-type channels. We show that membrane lipids can convert A-type channels into delayed rectifiers and vice versa. Phosphoinositides remove N-type inactivation from A-type channels by immobilizing the inactivation domains. Conversely, arachidonic acid and its amide anandamide endow delayed rectifiers with rapid voltage-dependent inactivation. The bidirectional control of Kv channel gating by lipids may provide a mechanism for the dynamic regulation of electrical signaling in the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oliver, Dominik -- Lien, Cheng-Chang -- Soom, Malle -- Baukrowitz, Thomas -- Jonas, Peter -- Fakler, Bernd -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 9;304(5668):265-70. Epub 2004 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Physiology, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strabetae 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Brain/physiology ; Cations ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels ; Eicosanoic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Endocannabinoids ; Interneurons/physiology ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects ; Kinetics ; Membrane Lipids/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Permeability ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Polylysine/pharmacology ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; Potassium Channels/chemistry/*metabolism/physiology ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism/physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Xenopus
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Mycobacteria have low-permeability outer membranes that render them resistant to most antibiotics. Hydrophilic nutrients can enter by way of transmembrane-channel proteins called porins. An x-ray analysis of the main porin from Mycobacterium smegmatis, MspA, revealed a homooctameric goblet-like conformation with a single central channel. This is the first structure of a mycobacterial outer-membrane protein. No structure-related protein was found in the Protein Data Bank. MspA contains two consecutive beta barrels with nonpolar outer surfaces that form a ribbon around the porin, which is too narrow to fit the thickness of the mycobacterial outer membrane in contemporary models.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faller, Michael -- Niederweis, Michael -- Schulz, Georg E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1189-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arginine/chemistry ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Electric Conductivity ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium smegmatis/*chemistry/metabolism ; Porins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2004-05-01
    Description: Receptor tyrosine kinase genes were sequenced in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and matched normal tissue. Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene EGFR were found in 15of 58 unselected tumors from Japan and 1 of 61 from the United States. Treatment with the EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa) causes tumor regression in some patients with NSCLC, more frequently in Japan. EGFR mutations were found in additional lung cancer samples from U.S. patients who responded to gefitinib therapy and in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line that was hypersensitive to growth inhibition by gefitinib, but not in gefitinib-insensitive tumors or cell lines. These results suggest that EGFR mutations may predict sensitivity to gefitinib.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paez, J Guillermo -- Janne, Pasi A -- Lee, Jeffrey C -- Tracy, Sean -- Greulich, Heidi -- Gabriel, Stacey -- Herman, Paula -- Kaye, Frederic J -- Lindeman, Neal -- Boggon, Titus J -- Naoki, Katsuhiko -- Sasaki, Hidefumi -- Fujii, Yoshitaka -- Eck, Michael J -- Sellers, William R -- Johnson, Bruce E -- Meyerson, Matthew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1497-500. Epub 2004 Apr 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Medical Oncology and Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Female ; *Genes, erbB-1 ; Humans ; Japan ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Quinazolines/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Treatment Outcome ; United States
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2004-03-27
    Description: We investigated the effect of synaptotagmin I on membrane fusion mediated by neuronal SNARE proteins, SNAP-25, syntaxin, and synaptobrevin, which were reconstituted into vesicles. In the presence of Ca2+, the cytoplasmic domain of synaptotagmin I (syt) strongly stimulated membrane fusion when synaptobrevin densities were similar to those found in native synaptic vesicles. The Ca2+ dependence of syt-stimulated fusion was modulated by changes in lipid composition of the vesicles and by a truncation that mimics cleavage of SNAP-25 by botulinum neurotoxin A. Stimulation of fusion was abolished by disrupting the Ca2+-binding activity, or by severing the tandem C2 domains, of syt. Thus, syt and SNAREs are likely to represent the minimal protein complement for Ca2+-triggered exocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tucker, Ward C -- Weber, Thomas -- Chapman, Edwin R -- GM 56827/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 66313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH 61876/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):435-8. Epub 2004 Mar 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15044754" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Exocytosis ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Lipid Bilayers ; Lipids/analysis ; Liposomes/chemistry/metabolism ; *Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Qa-SNARE Proteins ; R-SNARE Proteins ; Rats ; Synaptic Vesicles/chemistry/metabolism ; Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 ; Synaptotagmin I ; Synaptotagmins
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2004-12-25
    Description: The position-dependent specification of root epidermal cells in Arabidopsis provides an elegant paradigm for cell patterning during development. Here, we describe a new gene, SCRAMBLED (SCM), required for cells to appropriately interpret their location within the developing root epidermis. SCM encodes a receptor-like kinase protein with a predicted extracellular domain of six leucine-rich repeats and an intracellular serine-threonine kinase domain. SCM regulates the expression of the GLABRA2, CAPRICE, WEREWOLF, and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 transcription factor genes that define the cell fates. Further, the SCM gene is expressed throughout the developing root. Therefore, SCM likely enables developing epidermal cells to detect positional cues and establish an appropriate cell-type pattern.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kwak, Su-Hwan -- Shen, Ronglai -- Schiefelbein, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1111-3. Epub 2004 Dec 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15618487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/cytology/*enzymology/*genetics/growth & development ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Genes, Reporter ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; In Situ Hybridization ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Plant Epidermis/cytology/enzymology/growth & development ; Plant Roots/cytology/enzymology/growth & development ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2004-01-17
    Description: Two structurally homologous guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) domains interact directly during signal recognition particle (SRP)-mediated cotranslational targeting of proteins to the membrane. The 2.05 angstrom structure of a complex of the NG GTPase domains of Ffh and FtsY reveals a remarkably symmetric heterodimer sequestering a composite active site that contains two bound nucleotides. The structure explains the coordinate activation of the two GTPases. Conformational changes coupled to formation of their extensive interface may function allosterically to signal formation of the targeting complex to the signal-sequence binding site and the translocon. We propose that the complex represents a molecular "latch" and that its disengagement is regulated by completion of assembly of the GTPase active site.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3546161/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3546161/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Focia, Pamela J -- Shepotinovskaya, Irina V -- Seidler, James A -- Freymann, Douglas M -- GM58500/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058500/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR07707/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):373-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*chemistry/metabolism ; Signal Recognition Particle/*chemistry/metabolism ; Thermus/*chemistry
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2004-05-25
    Description: Resistin, founding member of the resistin-like molecule (RELM) hormone family, is secreted selectively from adipocytes and induces liver-specific antagonism of insulin action, thus providing a potential molecular link between obesity and diabetes. Crystal structures of resistin and RELMbeta reveal an unusual multimeric structure. Each protomer comprises a carboxy-terminal disulfide-rich beta-sandwich "head" domain and an amino-terminal alpha-helical "tail" segment. The alpha-helical segments associate to form three-stranded coiled coils, and surface-exposed interchain disulfide linkages mediate the formation of tail-to-tail hexamers. Analysis of serum samples shows that resistin circulates in two distinct assembly states, likely corresponding to hexamers and trimers. Infusion of a resistin mutant, lacking the intertrimer disulfide bonds, in pancreatic-insulin clamp studies reveals substantially more potent effects on hepatic insulin sensitivity than those observed with wild-type resistin. This result suggests that processing of the intertrimer disulfide bonds may reflect an obligatory step toward activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Patel, Saurabh D -- Rajala, Michael W -- Rossetti, Luciano -- Scherer, Philipp E -- Shapiro, Lawrence -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1154-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adiponectin ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Disulfides/*chemistry ; Glucose/metabolism ; Hormones, Ectopic/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Humans ; Insulin/administration & dosage/blood ; Insulin Resistance ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Liver/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Resistin
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: Compulsive drug use in the face of adverse consequences is a hallmark feature of addiction, yet there is little preclinical evidence demonstrating the actual progression from casual to compulsive drug use. Presentation of an aversive conditioned stimulus suppressed drug seeking in rats with limited cocaine self-administration experience, but no longer did so after an extended cocaine-taking history. In contrast, after equivalent extended sucrose experience, sucrose seeking was still suppressed by an aversive conditioned stimulus. Persistent cocaine seeking in the presence of signals of environmental adversity after a prolonged cocaine-taking history was not due to impaired fear conditioning, nor to an increase in the incentive value of cocaine, and may reflect the establishment of compulsive behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vanderschuren, Louk J M J -- Everitt, Barry J -- G9537855/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):1017-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK. l.j.m.j.vanderschuren@med.uu.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Appetitive Behavior ; *Behavior, Addictive ; Cocaine/*administration & dosage ; *Cocaine-Related Disorders ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Electroshock ; Fear ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Rats ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Reward ; Self Administration ; Sucrose/administration & dosage ; Time Factors
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: Thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) is used as a cofactor in many key metabolic enzymes. We present evidence that the ThDPs in the two active sites of the E1 (EC 1.2.4.1) component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex communicate over a distance of 20 angstroms by reversibly shuttling a proton through an acidic tunnel in the protein. This "proton wire" permits the co-factors to serve reciprocally as general acid/base in catalysis and to switch the conformation of crucial active-site peptide loops. This synchronizes the progression of chemical events and can account for the oligomeric organization, conformational asymmetry, and "ping-pong" kinetic properties of E1 and other thiamine-dependent enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, Rene A W -- Titman, Christopher M -- Pratap, J Venkatesh -- Luisi, Ben F -- Perham, Richard N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 29;306(5697):872-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dihydrolipoyllysine-Residue Acetyltransferase ; Geobacillus stearothermophilus/*enzymology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Protons ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism ; Thiamine Pyrophosphate/*metabolism
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  • 81
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-05-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Izquierdo, Ivan -- Cammarota, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):829-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centro de Memoria, Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. izquier@terra.com.br〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15131293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amnesia/physiopathology ; Amygdala/physiology ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics/physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Extinction, Psychological ; *Fear ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Mice ; Neurons/physiology ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism ; Repression, Psychology ; Time Factors
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  • 82
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-02-21
    Description: Intention is central to the concept of voluntary action. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we compared conditions in which participants made self-paced actions and attended either to their intention to move or to the actual movement. When they attended to their intention rather than their movement, there was an enhancement of activity in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). We also found activations in the right dorsal prefrontal cortex and left intraparietal cortex. Prefrontal activity, but not parietal activity, was more strongly coupled with activity in the pre-SMA. We conclude that activity in the pre-SMA reflects the representation of intention.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lau, Hakwan C -- Rogers, Robert D -- Haggard, Patrick -- Passingham, Richard E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1208-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. chris.lau@psy.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14976320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Attention ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Gyrus Cinguli/blood supply/physiology ; Humans ; *Intention ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Motor Activity ; Motor Cortex/blood supply/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/blood supply/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/blood supply/physiology ; Regional Blood Flow ; Time Factors
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  • 83
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 1;306(5693):34-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15459359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications/*surgery ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/adverse effects/economics ; Quality of Life ; Renal Insufficiency/etiology ; Time Factors ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2004-06-26
    Description: At the silent mating-type interval of fission yeast, the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery cooperates with cenH, a DNA element homologous to centromeric repeats, to initiate heterochromatin formation. However, in RNAi mutants, heterochromatin assembly can still occur at low efficiency. Here, we report that Atf1 and Pcr1, two ATF/CREB family proteins, act in a parallel mechanism to the RNAi pathway for heterochromatin nucleation. Deletion of atf1 or pcr1 alone has little effect on silencing at the mating-type region, but when combined with RNAi mutants, double mutants fail to nucleate heterochromatin assembly. Moreover, deletion of atf1 or pcr1 in combination with cenH deletion causes loss of silencing and heterochromatin formation. Furthermore, Atf1 and Pcr1 bind to the mating-type region and target histone H3 lysine-9 methylation and the Swi6 protein essential for heterochromatin assembly. These analyses link ATF/CREB family proteins, involved in cellular response to environmental stresses, to nucleation of constitutive heterochromatin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jia, Songtao -- Noma, Ken-ichi -- Grewal, Shiv I S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 25;304(5679):1971-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15218150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activating Transcription Factor 1 ; Activating Transcription Factors ; Binding Sites ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism ; DNA, Fungal/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Mating Type, Fungal ; Heterochromatin/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology ; Methylation ; Mutation ; Phosphoproteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *RNA Interference ; Schizosaccharomyces/*genetics/*metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2004-09-09
    Description: BCL-2 family proteins constitute a critical control point for the regulation of apoptosis. Protein interaction between BCL-2 members is a prominent mechanism of control and is mediated through the amphipathic alpha-helical BH3 segment, an essential death domain. We used a chemical strategy, termed hydrocarbon stapling, to generate BH3 peptides with improved pharmacologic properties. The stapled peptides, called "stabilized alpha-helix of BCL-2 domains" (SAHBs), proved to be helical, protease-resistant, and cell-permeable molecules that bound with increased affinity to multidomain BCL-2 member pockets. A SAHB of the BH3 domain from the BID protein specifically activated the apoptotic pathway to kill leukemia cells. In addition, SAHB effectively inhibited the growth of human leukemia xenografts in vivo. Hydrocarbon stapling of native peptides may provide a useful strategy for experimental and therapeutic modulation of protein-protein interactions in many signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1360987/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1360987/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walensky, Loren D -- Kung, Andrew L -- Escher, Iris -- Malia, Thomas J -- Barbuto, Scott -- Wright, Renee D -- Wagner, Gerhard -- Verdine, Gregory L -- Korsmeyer, Stanley J -- K08 HL074049/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08HL074049/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37CA50239/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1466-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15353804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alkenes ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein ; Bridged Compounds/chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytochromes c/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Leukemia, Experimental/*drug therapy/pathology ; Leukemic Infiltration ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; *Molecular Mimicry ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Peptide Fragments/*chemistry ; Peptides/chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*chemistry ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2004-10-16
    Description: We have analyzed the local structure and dynamics of the prokaryotic voltage-dependent K+ channel (KvAP) at 0 millivolts, using site-directed spin labeling and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. We show that the S4 segment is located at the protein/lipid interface, with most of its charges protected from the lipid environment. Structurally, S4 is highly dynamic and is separated into two short helices by a flexible linker. Accessibility and dynamics data indicate that the S1 segment is surrounded by other parts of the protein. We propose that S1 is at the contact interface between the voltage-sensing and pore domains. These results establish the general principles of voltage-dependent channel structure in a biological membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cuello, Luis G -- Cortes, D Marien -- Perozo, Eduardo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):491-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22906, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; *Lipid Bilayers ; Models, Molecular ; Oxygen ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2004-07-31
    Description: Argonaute proteins and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are the known signature components of the RNA interference effector complex RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). However, the identity of "Slicer," the enzyme that cleaves the messenger RNA (mRNA) as directed by the siRNA, has not been resolved. Here, we report the crystal structure of the Argonaute protein from Pyrococcus furiosus at 2.25 angstrom resolution. The structure reveals a crescent-shaped base made up of the amino-terminal, middle, and PIWI domains. The Piwi Argonaute Zwille (PAZ) domain is held above the base by a "stalk"-like region. The PIWI domain (named for the protein piwi) is similar to ribonuclease H, with a conserved active site aspartate-aspartate-glutamate motif, strongly implicating Argonaute as "Slicer." The architecture of the molecule and the placement of the PAZ and PIWI domains define a groove for substrate binding and suggest a mechanism for siRNA-guided mRNA cleavage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, Ji-Joon -- Smith, Stephanie K -- Hannon, Gregory J -- Joshua-Tor, Leemor -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 3;305(5689):1434-7. Epub 2004 Jul 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Watson School of Biological Sciences, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15284453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaeal Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Pyrococcus furiosus/*chemistry ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/*metabolism ; RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/*metabolism ; Ribonuclease H/chemistry
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2004-04-10
    Description: The idea that new memories undergo a time-dependent consolidation process after acquisition has received considerable experimental support. More controversial has been the demonstration that established memories, once recalled, become labile and sensitive to disruption, requiring "reconsolidation" to become permanent. By infusing antisense oligodeoxynucleotides into the hippocampus of rats, we show that consolidation and reconsolidation are doubly dissociable component processes of memory. Consolidation involves brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) but not the transcription factor Zif268, whereas reconsolidation recruits Zif268 but not BDNF. These findings confirm a requirement for BDNF specifically in memory consolidation and also resolve the role of Zif268 in brain plasticity, learning, and memory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Jonathan L C -- Everitt, Barry J -- Thomas, Kerrie L -- G9537855/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 7;304(5672):839-43. Epub 2004 Apr 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15073322" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amnesia/physiopathology ; Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/administration & ; dosage/genetics/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Dentate Gyrus/metabolism/physiology ; *Fear ; Hippocampus/metabolism/*physiology ; Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/physiology ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Time Factors ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2004-08-21
    Description: Cartilaginous fish are the phylogenetically oldest living organisms known to possess components of the vertebrate adaptive immune system. Key to their immune response are heavy-chain, homodimeric immunoglobulins called new antigen receptors (IgNARs), in which the variable (V) domains recognize antigens with only a single immunoglobulin domain, akin to camelid heavy-chain V domains. The 1.45 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the type I IgNAR V domain in complex with hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) reveals a minimal antigen-binding domain that contains only two of the three conventional complementarity-determining regions but still binds HEL with nanomolar affinity by means of a binding interface comparable in size to conventional antibodies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stanfield, Robyn L -- Dooley, Helen -- Flajnik, Martin F -- Wilson, Ian A -- GM38273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR06603/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1770-3. Epub 2004 Aug 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15319492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Complementarity Determining Regions/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Drug Combinations ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulins/*chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Meglumine ; Models, Molecular ; Muramidase/*chemistry/immunology/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Antigen/*chemistry/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Sharks/*immunology ; Tetrahydropapaveroline/*analogs & derivatives
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bronner-Fraser, Marianne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Feb 13;303(5660):966-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. mbronner@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Movement ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Central Nervous System/embryology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Multipotent Stem Cells/*physiology ; Neural Crest/*cytology/embryology/physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/*cytology/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Time Factors ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins ; *Zebrafish Proteins ; beta Catenin
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-11-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mohd-Sarip, Adone -- Verrijzer, C Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1484-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15567842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/*chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Gene Silencing ; Histones/*chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Nucleosomes/*chemistry/metabolism ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: Interaction of regulatory DNA binding proteins with their target sites is usually preceded by binding to nonspecific DNA. This speeds up the search for the target site by several orders of magnitude. We report the solution structure and dynamics of the complex of a dimeric lac repressor DNA binding domain with nonspecific DNA. The same set of residues can switch roles from a purely electrostatic interaction with the DNA backbone in the nonspecific complex to a highly specific binding mode with the base pairs of the cognate operator sequence. The protein-DNA interface of the nonspecific complex is flexible on biologically relevant time scales that may assist in the rapid and efficient finding of the target site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalodimos, Charalampos G -- Biris, Nikolaos -- Bonvin, Alexandre M J J -- Levandoski, Marc M -- Guennuegues, Marc -- Boelens, Rolf -- Kaptein, Robert -- GM 23467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):386-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; DNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Diffusion ; Dimerization ; Escherichia coli/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lac Repressors ; Models, Molecular ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Operator Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Static Electricity ; Thermodynamics
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-08-18
    Description: Although the voluntary intake of drugs of abuse is a behavior largely preserved throughout phylogeny, it is currently unclear whether pathological drug use ("addiction") can be observed in species other than humans. Here, we report that behaviors that resemble three of the essential diagnostic criteria for addiction appear over time in rats trained to self-administer cocaine. As in humans, this addiction-like behavior is present only in a small proportion of subjects using cocaine and is highly predictive of relapse after withdrawal. These findings provide a new basis for developing a true understanding and treatment of addiction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deroche-Gamonet, Veronique -- Belin, David -- Piazza, Pier Vincenzo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 13;305(5686):1014-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM U588, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Comportements, Bordeaux Institute for Neurosciences, University Victor Segalen-Bordeaux 2, Domaine de Carreire, Rue Camille Saint-Saens, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15310906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Addictive ; Cocaine/administration & dosage ; *Cocaine-Related Disorders ; Cues ; Electroshock ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Motivation ; Motor Activity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reward ; Self Administration ; Time Factors
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2004-07-03
    Description: Protein microarrays provide a powerful tool for the study of protein function. However, they are not widely used, in part because of the challenges in producing proteins to spot on the arrays. We generated protein microarrays by printing complementary DNAs onto glass slides and then translating target proteins with mammalian reticulocyte lysate. Epitope tags fused to the proteins allowed them to be immobilized in situ. This obviated the need to purify proteins, avoided protein stability problems during storage, and captured sufficient protein for functional studies. We used the technology to map pairwise interactions among 29 human DNA replication initiation proteins, recapitulate the regulation of Cdt1 binding to select replication proteins, and map its geminin-binding domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramachandran, Niroshan -- Hainsworth, Eugenie -- Bhullar, Bhupinder -- Eisenstein, Samuel -- Rosen, Benjamin -- Lau, Albert Y -- Walter, Johannes C -- LaBaer, Joshua -- R21 CA99191-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 2;305(5680):86-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Harvard Institute of Proteomics, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 320 Charles Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15232106" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell-Free System ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Complementary ; Epitopes ; Geminin ; Humans ; Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 ; Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 6 ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; *Protein Array Analysis/instrumentation/methods ; Protein Binding ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Protein Interaction Mapping/instrumentation/methods ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Replication Origin ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: Cytochromes P450 (P450s) metabolize a wide range of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics, such as pollutants, environmental compounds, and drug molecules. The microsomal, membrane-associated, P450 isoforms CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, and CYP1A2 are responsible for the oxidative metabolism of more than 90% of marketed drugs. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolizes more drug molecules than all other isoforms combined. Here we report three crystal structures of CYP3A4: unliganded, bound to the inhibitor metyrapone, and bound to the substrate progesterone. The structures revealed a surprisingly small active site, with little conformational change associated with the binding of either compound. An unexpected peripheral binding site is identified, located above a phenylalanine cluster, which may be involved in the initial recognition of substrates or allosteric effectors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Pamela A -- Cosme, Jose -- Vinkovic, Dijana Matak -- Ward, Alison -- Angove, Hayley C -- Day, Philip J -- Vonrhein, Clemens -- Tickle, Ian J -- Jhoti, Harren -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 30;305(5684):683-6. Epub 2004 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Astex Technology, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Heme/chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Ligands ; Metyrapone/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Phenylalanine/chemistry/metabolism ; Progesterone/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Water/metabolism
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2004-03-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rauser, Casandra L -- Mueller, Laurence D -- Rose, Michael R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1610-2; author reply 1610-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Caloric Restriction ; *Diet ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Female ; Fertility ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mortality ; Reproduction ; Starvation ; Time Factors
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2004-01-17
    Description: Genes for the enzymes that make plant cell wall hemicellulosic polysaccharides remain to be identified. We report here the isolation of a complementary DNA (cDNA) clone encoding one such enzyme, mannan synthase (ManS), that makes the beta-1, 4-mannan backbone of galactomannan, a hemicellulosic storage polysaccharide in guar seed endosperm walls. The soybean somatic embryos expressing ManS cDNA contained high levels of ManS activities that localized to Golgi. Phylogenetically, ManS is closest to group A of the cellulose synthase-like (Csl) sequences from Arabidopsis and rice. Our results provide the biochemical proof for the involvement of the Csl genes in beta-glycan formation in plants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dhugga, Kanwarpal S -- Barreiro, Roberto -- Whitten, Brad -- Stecca, Kevin -- Hazebroek, Jan -- Randhawa, Gursharn S -- Dolan, Maureen -- Kinney, Anthony J -- Tomes, Dwight -- Nichols, Scott -- Anderson, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 16;303(5656):363-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Crop Genetics Research and Development, Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., A DuPont Company, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131, USA. Kanwarpal.Dhugga@Pioneer.Com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics ; Catalytic Domain ; Cellulose/biosynthesis ; Cyamopsis/*enzymology/genetics ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; *Genes, Plant ; Glucosyltransferases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/enzymology ; Mannans/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Mannose/metabolism ; Mannosyltransferases/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Oryza/enzymology/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Seeds/*enzymology ; Soybeans/genetics ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-10-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buskirk, Steven -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Oct 8;306(5694):238-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. marten@uwyo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15472068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Environment ; *Homing Behavior ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Population Density
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2004-06-05
    Description: CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) is the primary circadian photoreceptor in Drosophila. We show that CRY binding to TIMELESS (TIM) is light-dependent in flies and irreversibly commits TIM to proteasomal degradation. In contrast, CRY degradation is dependent on continuous light exposure, indicating that the CRY-TIM interaction is transient. A novel cry mutation (cry(m)) reveals that CRY's photolyase homology domain is sufficient for light detection and phototransduction, whereas the carboxyl-terminal domain regulates CRY stability, CRY-TIM interaction, and circadian photosensitivity. This contrasts with the function of Arabidopsis CRY domains and demonstrates that insect and plant cryptochromes use different mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Busza, Ania -- Emery-Le, Myai -- Rosbash, Michael -- Emery, Patrick -- 5 T32 NS07366-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- GM66777-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM33205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 NS44232/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jun 4;304(5676):1503-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15178801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Line ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cryptochromes ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Darkness ; Drosophila Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Eye Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; *Light ; Light Signal Transduction ; Male ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2004-01-06
    Description: During mammalian cerebral corticogenesis, progenitor cells become progressively restricted in the types of neurons they can produce. The molecular mechanism that determines earlier versus later born neuron fate is unknown. We demonstrate here that the generation of the earliest born neurons, the Cajal-Retzius cells, is suppressed by the telencephalic transcription factor Foxg1. In Foxg1 null mutants, we observed an excess of Cajal-Retzius neuron production in the cortex. By conditionally inactivating Foxg1 in cortical progenitors that normally produce deep-layer cortical neurons, we demonstrate that Foxg1 is constitutively required to suppress Cajal-Retzius cell fate. Hence, the competence to generate the earliest born neurons during later cortical development is actively suppressed but not lost.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanashima, Carina -- Li, Suzanne C -- Shen, Lijian -- Lai, Eseng -- Fishell, Gord -- EY11124/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD29584/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS32993/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS39007/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 2;303(5654):56-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Genetics Program and the Department of Cell Biology, The Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology/embryology ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Doxycycline/pharmacology ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Neurons/*cytology/*physiology ; Serine Endopeptidases ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Telencephalon/embryology/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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