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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (3,162)
  • Fisheries
  • 2005-2009  (77)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rick, Torben C -- Erlandson, Jon M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 21;325(5943):952-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1178539.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Archaeobiology Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA. rickt@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19696338" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthropology ; Archaeology ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Humans ; Marine Biology ; Otters ; Population Dynamics ; Sea Urchins ; Shellfish
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1132. doi: 10.1126/science.324_1132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fisheries ; *Humpback Whale ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Ussr
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, Brian -- Barrett, Scott -- Polasky, Stephen -- Galaz, Victor -- Folke, Carl -- Engstrom, Gustav -- Ackerman, Frank -- Arrow, Ken -- Carpenter, Stephen -- Chopra, Kanchan -- Daily, Gretchen -- Ehrlich, Paul -- Hughes, Terry -- Kautsky, Nils -- Levin, Simon -- Maler, Karl-Goran -- Shogren, Jason -- Vincent, Jeff -- Xepapadeas, Tasos -- de Zeeuw, Aart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1345-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1175325.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. brian.walker@csiro.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climatic Processes ; Communicable Diseases/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Drug Resistance ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Fisheries ; Health ; Humans ; *International Agencies ; *International Cooperation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greene, Charles H -- Monger, Bruce C -- McGarry, Louise P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):733-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1173951.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ocean Resources and Ecosystems Program, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. chg2@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423808" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate ; Cold Temperature ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fisheries ; Gadiformes/physiology ; Ovum/physiology ; Pandalidae/*physiology ; Phytoplankton/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Salinity ; Seasons ; *Seawater/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This document, which is directed at the fishing sector, researchers, conservationists and fishery administrators, was developed by researchers who are members of the Specialists Group for Marine Turtle Research and conservation in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) in response to the urgent need to evaluate the impact generated on sea turtles by fisheries. Historically, sea turtle conservation efforts have focused almost exclusively on the protection of nesting beaches. Nevertheless, over the last decade, research has proved incidental mortality as a result of fishing activities to be one of the greatest threats to these animals. This type of interaction is not only problematic for turtles, but also generates financial losses for fishermen and businesses. In spite of the efforts that are currently underway, researchers still do not have a detailed understanding of the impact that bycatch produces on sea turtle populations in the SWA. We have a long way to go before its effects can be minimized. Further research is needed regarding the biology and ecology of the various turtle species as well as the effective application of mitigation measures. The life cycles of sea turtles are long and complex. Turtles occupy various ecosystems (nesting beaches, coastal, neritic and oceanic zones, as well as pelagic and demersal areas) throughout their lifetimes, transcending various Exclusive Economic Zones and International Waters. The five species that inhabit the SWA region perform vast feeding and reproductive migrations, traveling through areas where many different fishing fleets operate. Therefore, sea turtles in the SWA interact with virtually all fisheries. These circumstances make it necessary to carry out biological, fishing related and conservation studies on a regional level. The efficiency of the existing international and national legal instruments has yet to be determined, in terms of their effectiveness in protecting sea turtles. In some cases, legislation that is specifically related to the interaction between fisheries and turtles does exist, such as those laws requiring the mandatory use of turtle excluding devices (TEDs). There are also explicit bans on sea turtle capture. Nevertheless, none of these regulations prevent sea turtle bycatch. Although some regional legal instruments are needed, these and the existing legislation will only be effective if they are accompanied by a broader range of permanent education and control measures, to achieve the commitment of all the parties involved. The ecosystem approach is gaining popularity among fishery administration organizations. Research and conservation efforts should also be moving in that direction. A regional and international effort is required in order to compile information regarding the bycatch produced by the various types of fisheries and fleets operating in the area. The enormous increase in fishing pressure that these fleets are exerting in this area has not been accompanied by an increase in information regarding the bycatch of species that have no commercial value. Pelagic longlining is one of the fishing methods, which must be most closely monitored, due to the high levels of bycatch that it produces, as well its ample distribution throughout the region, and the high level of fishing effort that it accounts for. Coastal trawlers and gillnetters must also be considered critical players, because they too produce a large rate of bycatch. These are the three types of fisheries that are most broadly distributed throughout the region, accounting for the majority of the fishing effort. Most of the institutions that work toward sea turtle conservation in the area have only begun to address the issue of bycatch over the last decade. This timeframe is reflected in the scope and quantity of the available publications, as well as the progress of activities directed at mitigating this problem. All of the institutions that have been mentioned in this report have made the gathering of information regarding interaction between sea turtles and fisheries one of their top priorities. Some institutions are even developing working programs for monitoring fisheries and testing mitigation measures. Many of these institutions have managed to develop adequate relationships with fishermen, ship owners and administrators. Nevertheless, limited access to funding is an obstacle to the development and testing of mitigation measures. The SWA network, which is a very valuable instrument that was created in 2003, has allowed the region’s institutions and researchers to exchange information and share their experience, in addition to lending each other support in carrying out joint activities, thus strengthening sea turtle conservation efforts. The capacity demonstrated so far by the region’s researchers and institutions, testifies to their ability to continue to make progress in knowledge generation and tests of bycatch mitigation measures.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Ecology ; Fishing gear ; Fisheries ; Ecology ; Fishing gear
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 71 pp
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  • 6
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    MGAP | DINARA
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: A partir de la firma del Proyecto de Gestión Pesquera DINARA-FAO (UTF/URU/025/URU), en septiembre de 2007, se comenzó a conformar una Unidad de Economía Pesquera. Sus objetivos se focalizaron en fortalecer la capacidad de recolección y análisis estadístico de la información socio-económica del sector. En el 2008 esta Unidad compiló y realizó un análisis de la información comprendida entre los años 2002 y 2007, reanudando luego de varios años esta publicación histórica. La misma fue un éxito en todo sentido, especialmente para consulta de los diferentes actores del sector. La aceptación y receptividad que ha tenido dicha publicación nos motiva y obliga a continuar en esta línea, rumbo a la obtención de un producto de valor y utilidad, basado exclusivamente en información oficial nacional. Este año retomamos la serie anual poniendo nuevamente a disposición de todos información actualizada, completa y de calidad que estamos seguros será nuevamente de gran beneficio para el sector público como privado, así como de interés para el público en general.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Trade ; Fishery statistics ; Fisheries ; Trade
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 48
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Este documento, dirigido al sector pesquero, investigadores, conservacionistas y administradores de las pesquerías, surge como respuesta de investigadores pertenecientes al Grupo de Especialistas en Investigación y Conservación de Tortugas Marinas en el Atlántico Sud Occidental (ASO) a la urgente necesidad de evaluar el impacto de las pesquerías sobre las tortugas marinas. Históricamente, los esfuerzos referidos a la conservación de las tortugas marinas se han dirigido casi exclusivamente a proteger las playas de anidación. Sin embargo en la última década se ha podido comprobar que una de las mayores amenazas es la mortalidad incidental causada por las pesquerías. Esta interacción no implica únicamente un problema para las tortugas, sino que también genera pérdidas económicas para los pescadores y las empresas.
    Description: This document, which is directed at the fishing sector, researchers, conservationists and fishery administrators, was developed by researchers who are members of the Specialists Group for Marine Turtle Research and Conservation in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) in response to the urgent need to evaluate the impact generated on sea turtles by fisheries. Historically, sea turtle conservation efforts have focused almost exclusively on the protection of nesting beaches. Nevertheless, over the last decade, research has proved incidental mortality as a result of fishing activities to be one of the greatest threats to these animals. This type of interaction is not only problematic for turtles, but also generates financial losses for fishermen and businesses.
    Description: Cont. fotografías
    Description: Published
    Description: Sea Turtle, keeping
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Ecology ; Fishing gear ; Fisheries ; Ecology ; Fishing gear
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 71
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El presente trabajo llama la atención a las recientes epidemias de intoxicación histamínicas reportadas en los Estados Unidos, debido al consumo del dorado (Coryphaena hippurus) o Mahi-Mah, contaminado. Esto dió como resultado la prohición de las importaciones de esta especie, proveniente de varios países entre ellos el Ecuador, y siendo el dorado una especie de relativa importancia económica en este país, dicha prohibición ha preocupado al sector pesquero. Los estudios llevados a cabo muestran claramente la susceptibilidad de esta especie a desarrollar histamina. Esto se debe principalmente a la temperatura a la que está expuesta, pues la demora antes de enhielar el pescado es la etapa crítica. Los resultados muestran un aumento exponencial de los niveles de histamina, en ciertos casos después de tan solo 9 horas de almacenaje a temperaturas ambientales entre 25-30°C. Los niveles de histamina en pescado muestreado en el mercado local fueron tan altos como 250 mg/100g de muestra. Se demuestra que el problema se debe fundamentalmente al mal manejo de la captura por parte de la flota artesanal, y la subsecuente falta de infraestructura adecuada para conservarla, es decir, no se enfría el pescado. Sin embargo, el estudio muestra que una reducción de la temperatura del pescado de solo 15° menos, podría dar como resultado un producto de mayor calidad. En el presente trabajo se hacen recomendaciones para establecer un nivel máximo permitido para la exportación de 10 mg%, y se comparan dos métodos rápidos de análisis.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Histamines ; Quality control ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: 153 experimental sets were made with stackable Antillean fish traps in depths of 5 to 30 m in the waters around the Galápagos Island (Ecuador), between Octobre and April 1983. 1,885 fish were caught of 18 species mainly of the families Pomadasyidae, Acanthuridae, Sparidae and Serranidae. The mean catch rate was 5,5 Kg per lift or 0,4 Kg.h-1, and the mean weight of the fish caught was 0,45 Kg. The optimum set duration was found to be between 2 and 18 hours (possibly indicating a high rate of escape). This study took place during the period of the ”El Niño”, when catches of fish in this area generally were low, and it is not known what effect this had. The catches were good compared with other shallow areas, but the fishes caught were mainly of medium quality. It is thought that significant increases in the quantity and quality of the catch could be obtained with commercial traps in deeper areas, but the efficient use of these would require new vessels and equipment, and the resulting increase in fishing effort could lead to overfishing of the most acceptable species of reef fish. Hence the development of fishery using fish traps is not recommended for Galápagos. A study of the biology of the fish caught was carried out. A bibliography of references on fish traps and their use was compiled and is included.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Trap fishing ; Fisheries ; Catch statistics ; Trap fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Le domaine maritime sénégalais s’étend de 18°00 N, -20°00 W, -16°30 E, 12°15 S ; la presqu’île du Cap-Vert située entre 14°30 N et 15°00 N le divise en deux zones aux caractéristiques topographiques distinctes. Au nord, le plateau continental est peu étendu vers le large et orienté Nord-Nord/Est. Au sud de la presqu’île, le plateau s’élargit et le talus continental est orienté nord-sud. L’embouchure du fleuve Sénégal au Sénégal au Nord de la presqu’île du Cap-Vert et celles de la Gambie et de la Casamance au Sud constituent également un trait marquant de cette région. Les travaux réalisés au Sénégal en océanographie ont montré : - l’existence de deux saisons marines aux caractéristiques très différentes qui se succèdent : une saison chaude de juillet à octobre et une saison froide de décembre à mai. Ces deux saisons sont séparées par des périodes de transition. Pendant la saison froide, les alizés (vent de secteur nord-ouest à nord-est) s’établissent et engendrent à la côte une résurgence d’eau profonde (upwelling) vers la surface ; - la mise en évidence de systèmes de grands courants aux caractéristiques différentes : le courant des Canaries et le contre courant équatorial ; - la description de trois grandes houles au large du Sénégal : o la houle de Nord-Nord ouest qui a lieu toute l’année o la houle de Sud-Sud ouest apparaissant pendant l’hivernage o la houle d’ouest possible aux environs du mois de novembre. Le littoral sénégalais représente une zone d’intérêt stratégique à la fois sur le plan démographique, économique et environnemental. Les milieux naturels, dans un état de conservation relativement préservé, produisent des ressources vitales pour les 11 millions d’habitants peuplant le Sénégal. L’économie nationale sénégalaise est très dépendante de ces ressources côtières et marines qui constituent les principales recettes en devises, qu’il s’agisse de pêche ou de tourisme. L’analyse de la situation et des tendances montre que la zone côtière fait l’objet de pressions diversifiées et de plus en plus lourdes. Ces pressions se traduisent souvent par des conflits d’intérêts entre les différents secteurs et par des impacts qui génèrent une dégradation de l’environnement et des conditions de vie des populations. Cette évolution risque ainsi de compromettre les potentialités de développement offertes par les 700 Km de littoral sénégalais. La pression démographique se développe préférentiellement sur la zone côtière qui accueille déjà près de 60% des habitants, notamment dans les centres urbains et les capitale, toutes situées en bord de mer, et qui continuent à recevoir des populations en provenance de l’intérieur, réfugiés climatiques ou économiques, ou simplement jeunesse attirée par les « lumières de la ville ». Cet exode, à l’origine de dysfonctionnements des systèmes de production ruraux qui manquent peu à peu de main d’oeuvre, contribue à son tour à générer des perturbations au niveau des centres urbains où la misère se substitue parfois à la pauvreté.
    Description: Les besoins en matériaux de construction consécutifs à cette évolution démographique entraînent des prélèvements massifs de sable sur les plages qui ont à leur tour des conséquences négatives sur l’érosion et la protection du littoral. La fragilisation des cordons dunaires augmente ainsi les risques d’inondations des terres, la ville de Saint Louis étant particulièrement vulnérable à cet égard. Les besoins en développement ont conduit à la réalisation d’infrastructures le long du littoral. Ces constructions, qui tiennent trop rarement compte des contraintes environnementales, ont entraîné des répercussions structurelles sur l’équilibre de la zone côtière. Ainsi, les barrages anti-sel, tel le barrage de Diama sur le fleuve Sénégal, ont entraîné des répercussions sur le fonctionnement de certains écosystèmes côtiers. En condamnant les influences des apports d’eau douce ils appauvrissent les milieux situés en aval, stérilisant peu à peu des zones riches en ressources ainsi que les économies et les cultures qui en dépendent. Le ralentissement des courants et la baisse de salinité en amont du barrage favorisent l’apparition de certaines plantes envahissantes, telles que la bilharziose ou le paludisme. Les effectifs de poissons dépendant de milieux à salinité variable sont directement affectés, expliquant par exemple une chute de près de 70% des captures dans le bas delta du Sénégal. Les besoins du développement se traduisent également par l’amélioration ou la création d’axes routiers qui, dans la majorité des cas, longent la zone côtière. Ces ouvrages entraînent des impacts directs sur l’environnement, tels la destruction des mangroves là où les routes barrent l’écoulement des marées (exemple de la route Samba Dia – Djifère. Les systèmes de production traditionnels sont en règle générale peu préparés à faire face à des circuits de commercialisation organisés à une échelle régionale ou internationale, où à des technologies plus performantes, et éprouvent des difficultés à maintenir un contrôle sur leur terroir. Faute de pouvoir opérer une métamorphose rapide de leur système de production, le risque existe de voir peu à peu disparaître des savoir-faire d’une grande valeur dans la gestion même de ces territoires et de leurs ressources et , plus généralement, des cultures qui leur sont associées. Le développement industriel exerce des impacts potentiels ou réels de grande magnitude sur la zone côtière et marine. Les secteurs les plus significatifs à cet égard sont le tourisme et les hydrocarbures. Concernant le premier, les infrastructures, principalement orientées vers le tourisme balnéaire, sont en grande majorité installées à proximité directe de la zone côtière. L’absence quasi généralisée d’études d’impacts approfondies et indépendantes a conduit à de nombreux échecs. Ainsi, la plupart des projets ont été pensés et réalisés sans tenir suffisamment compte des contextes socio-économiques, culturels et environnementaux dans lesquels ils s’insèrent. Certaines réalisations ont été planifiées sur des secteurs soumis à une forte érosion littorale, compromettant de façon irrémédiable non seulement les investissements mais l’utilisation ultérieure du site, comme cela s’est produit sur les plages au sud immédiat du Cap Skirring. Les questions relatives à la disponibilité en eau douce qui se posent de façon cruciale dans le Saloum par exemple, à la gestion des déchets et des eaux usées ne sont que rarement prises en considération de façon structurelle et durable, conduisant à la dégradation de l’environnement ou à des conflits avec les communautés locales qui nuisent à la qualité même du tourisme. L’exploration et l’exploitation des ressources en hydrocarbures représentent aussi un secteur d’intérêt stratégique avec une généralisation des prospections. Si la découverte de gisement d’intérêt commercial représente une opportunité majeure pour l’économie nationale, elle soulève néanmoins un certain nombre de questions au regard de l’environnement. En effet les des puits. Parmi ces risques nous pouvons citer les impacts des études sismiques sur les organismes marins, notamment poissons et cétacés, le rejet de fluides toxiques et déblais de forage, le déversement des eaux de production et les pollutions aiguës dues à des accidents intervenant pendant le forage, le stockage ou le transport. Le Sénégal en ce moment, en est au stade de la prospection. Toutefois, pour ce qui concerne le transport d’hydrocarbures, plus de 90 000 0000 de tonnes d’hydrocarbures transitent par les côtes sénégalaises. Les modèles de dérive des nappes élaborés par la Compagnie pétrolière Woodside en relation avec le champ de Chinguetti, actuellement en cours de production au large de la Mauritanie, montrent des probabilités d’impact sur les côtes allant du golfe d’Arguin jusqu’à Dakar, en cas d’accident. La surexploitation des ressources halieutiques constitue également un problème au niveau de l’environnement marin et côtier. En effet, si une partie de la fluctuation des biomasses peut s’expliquer par les changements du régime des upwellings, la baisse des captures s’explique par un effort de pêche excessif, que ce soit dans le sous-secteur industriel ou artisanal. A cette surcapacité vient s’ajouter la présence de flottes illicites non déclarées et non réglementées. L’utilisation de certains engins ou pratiques de pêche contribue à aggraver la situation : la pêche crevettière est à l’origine de prises accidentelles qui représentent jusqu’à 85 % du total des captures, incluant des espèces protégées comme les tortues marines, et qui sont rejetés à la mer . Les chaluts de fonds, qui vont pêcher jusqu’à 800 m de profondeur, ainsi que les dragues à coquillages entraînant des dégâts structurels sur les écosystèmes De plus l’influence des marchés à l’exportation exerce des pressions sélectives sur certaines espèces, les espèces démersales de poissons, céphalopodes étant les plus recherchées sur le marché. Les changements climatiques ont également des impacts négatifs sur l’environnement marin et côtier. On sait que l’élévation du niveau marin aura des répercussions directes sur les installations humaines littorales ainsi que sur les écosystèmes insulaires et côtiers. Des zones de mangroves entières qui ne disposent pas des conditions écologiques pour s’adapter peuvent disparaître, entraînant des risques accrus d’érosion et d’inondation. Ces mêmes risques se multiplient avec la fréquence accrue des épisodes météorologiques exceptionnels tels que les ondes de tempêtes capables de drosser les pirogues à la côte ou de provoquer la rupture de cordons dunaires. On sait par ailleurs que le réchauffement de la température des mers influe négativement sur la productivité des océans et la dynamique des courants tels que le courant profond originaire de l’antarctique et qui exporte vers le Sénégal et les autres pays de la sousrégion des sels nutritifs présents dans les upwellings. On observe également une diminution de la puissance des alizés qui pourrait avoir des répercussions directes sur la force des upwellings et donc sur la productivité des pêcheries et du milieu marin en général. La stratégie de réponse proposée combine une protection des zones côtières importantes et un reboisement des dunes littorales dans les secteurs de la côte nord et de la Flèche de Sangomar particulièrement menacés. L’évaluation économique de cette stratégie montre qu’elle est coûteuse mais nettement en deçà de la valeur économique des terres qu’elle sera amenée à protéger. Des efforts complémentaires devront cependant être faits pour évaluer le coût d’autres solutions de protection telles que le nourissement artificiel des plages. Par ailleurs, la stratégie envisagée ne répondant qu’à l’un des impacts des changements climatiques, à savoir les inondations, toute une série de mesures dites d’accompagnement ont été suggérées qui visent à diminuer la vulnérabilité en gérant mieux les ressources présentes dans la zone côtière, en développant les techniques de récupération des sols salés et en prenant des mesures législatives et institutionnelles appropriées. Enfin, il est très important de souligner que ces différentes mesures ne devraient être envisagées que dans un cadre plus global de gestion intégrée des zones côtières, seul à même d’assurer la participation de l’ensemble des acteurs concernés, l’éducation, la recherche et l’information environnementales mais aussi la cohérences et le suivi des mesures.
    Description: Ministère de l'Environnement, de la Protection de la Nature, des Bassins de Rétention et des Lacs Artificiels, Dakar (Sénégal)
    Description: Published
    Description: écosystéme marin; technique de pêche; filet; érosion côtière; pollution; pêche; flore; environnement; migration; pêcheur; oiseau d'eau; tortue marine; lamantin; requin; mammifére marin; réglementation; mangrove; écosystème; estuaire; delta
    Keywords: Deltas ; Ecosystems ; Marine environment ; Aquatic birds ; Fishermen ; Fisheries ; Mangroves ; Coastal erosion ; Flora ; Fishing nets ; Deltas ; Ecosystems ; Mangroves ; Coastal erosion ; Marine environment ; Marine mammals ; Shark fisheries ; Turtle fisheries ; Aquatic birds ; Fishermen ; Migrations ; Flora ; Fisheries ; Marine pollution ; Fishing nets ; Climatic changes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 11
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    Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper examines the arrival of a new group of fishermen on the Kenyan coast and what this has meant for the state of fishery resources. It reviews four subject areas: access and the number of fishermen; the fishermen’s identity; the choice of fishing gear; and the fishing grounds selected. Data were collected from a small number of fishing households in the villages of Uyombo and Takaungu in Kilifi District, using mainly qualitative research methods. Local households on the Kenyan coast face increasing pressure on land as well as on marine resources. The declining economic situation and greater pressure on land have made people turn to fishing as an income-generating activity. This group of fishermen is referred to as the ‘new’ generation of fishermen as they have been involved in fishing for only one or two generations (including the current one) in contrast to the ‘old’ generation from families who have been fishing or in fishingrelated activities for much longer. The old generation of fishermen and their households have also diversified their incomes, with many fishing households turning to farming, for example, with women and grown-up children involved in various activities. The new generation of fishermen, mainly of the Mijikenda population group, has often been blamed for the loss of traditional access regulations and for using harmful fishing gear. This paper discusses the new generation of fishermen and their identity as they perceive it and relates this to employment generation as a policy measure for marine conservation.
    Description: Published
    Description: Artisanal fisheries;household survey; income diversification; marine conservation,
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery resources ; Fisheries ; Fishery resources
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: FAO, Rome (Italie);Ministère du Développement et de l'Hydraulique, Dakar (Sénégal)
    Description: Published
    Description: Plan de développement; fôret; pêche; milieu continental; aquaculture; pisciculture ; bilan ; facteur climatique; facteur hydrologique ; facteur socio économique; population rurale; ressources naturelles; poisson d'eau douce; ressources naturelles; gestion de l'environnement; technique de pêche; commercialisation ; consommation; projet de développement
    Keywords: Natural resources ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Marketing ; Development projects ; Forests ; Climatic data ; Hydrology ; Inland water environment ; Aquatic environment ; Development potential ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Marketing ; Development projects ; Fish consumption ; Hydrology ; Inland water environment ; Aquatic environment ; Forests ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Climatic data ; Natural resources ; Freshwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 412144 bytes
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: The management and conservation of the world's oceans require synthesis of spatial data on the distribution and intensity of human activities and the overlap of their impacts on marine ecosystems. We developed an ecosystem-specific, multiscale spatial model to synthesize 17 global data sets of anthropogenic drivers of ecological change for 20 marine ecosystems. Our analysis indicates that no area is unaffected by human influence and that a large fraction (41%) is strongly affected by multiple drivers. However, large areas of relatively little human impact remain, particularly near the poles. The analytical process and resulting maps provide flexible tools for regional and global efforts to allocate conservation resources; to implement ecosystem-based management; and to inform marine spatial planning, education, and basic research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halpern, Benjamin S -- Walbridge, Shaun -- Selkoe, Kimberly A -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- D'Agrosa, Caterina -- Bruno, John F -- Casey, Kenneth S -- Ebert, Colin -- Fox, Helen E -- Fujita, Rod -- Heinemann, Dennis -- Lenihan, Hunter S -- Madin, Elizabeth M P -- Perry, Matthew T -- Selig, Elizabeth R -- Spalding, Mark -- Steneck, Robert -- Watson, Reg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):948-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1149345.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Models, Theoretical ; Oceans and Seas
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):184. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5899.184.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Angiosperms ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Bivalvia ; China ; Cyprinidae ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Fresh Water ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: Atlantic bluefin tuna populations are in steep decline, and an improved understanding of connectivity between individuals from eastern (Mediterranean Sea) and western (Gulf of Mexico) spawning areas is needed to manage remaining fisheries. Chemical signatures in the otoliths of yearlings from regional nurseries were distinct and served as natural tags to assess natal homing and mixing. Adults showed high rates of natal homing to both eastern and western spawning areas. Trans-Atlantic movement (east to west) was significant and size-dependent, with individuals of Mediterranean origin mixing with the western population in the U.S. Atlantic. The largest (oldest) bluefin tuna collected near the northern extent of their range in North American waters were almost exclusively of western origin, indicating that this region represents critical habitat for the western population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rooker, Jay R -- Secor, David H -- De Metrio, Gregorio -- Schloesser, Ryan -- Block, Barbara A -- Neilson, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 31;322(5902):742-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1161473. Epub 2008 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, 5007 Avenue U, Galveston, TX 77551, USA. rookerj@tamug.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18832611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Homing Behavior ; Likelihood Functions ; Mediterranean Sea ; Otolithic Membrane/chemistry ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Tuna/growth & development/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2008-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitfield, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1786-7. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5909.1786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Food Chain ; Humans ; North Sea ; Nutritive Value ; Oceans and Seas ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sea Lions ; Seawater ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Programme Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Marines et Côtières, Dakar (Senegal)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Fondée sur l'intégration des principes et démarqhes des sciences de l'information et de la communication avec ceux du marketing social et relationnel, la stratégie de communicaton du Programme Girmac se décline sous la forme d'une vision globale, des objectifs généraux, des cibles ainsi que des activités et outils spécifiques de communication
    Description: Published
    Description: Girmac. strategie de communication
    Keywords: Marine environment ; Communication ; Fisheries ; Communication ; Information scientists ; Communication systems ; Marine environment ; Fisheries ; Canoe fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Durante las últimas décadas se ha observado un incremento de la captura (descartada y retenida) de condrictios en las pesquerías artesanales e industriales, conjuntamente con un rápido crecimiento de las pesquerías no reguladas, lo cual ha ocasionado una disminución en muchas poblaciones de este grupo de peces en todos los mares del mundo. La sobrepesca y los elevados niveles de mortalidad ocasionados por la captura incidental, asi como la degradación y contaminación de áreas costeras donde se ubican las zonas de alimentación, reproducción y cría para muchas especies de condrictios, han colocado a este grupo de peces en una situación difícil. Estos hechos, combinados con el bajo potencial reproductivo y la estrategia de vida de la mayoría de las especies de condríctios, no permiten una recuperación de las poblaciones, cuando las mismas se ven enfrentadas a períodos de sobreexplotación. En las aguas de Uruguay ocurren aproximadamente 100 especies de condrictios, muchas de las cuales son capturadas por diferentes pesquerias, tanto de forma incidental como dirigida. Debido a la preocupación a nivel internacional sobre la sustentabilidad de las pesquerías de tiburones, la FAO en 1998 realizó una consulta internacional a expertos y desarrolló un “Plan de Acción Internacional para la Conservación y el Manejo de los Tiburones” (PAI - Tiburones), el cual fue adoptado en 1999. El objetivo del PAI - Tiburones es asegurar la conservación, el manejo y el uso sustentable a largo plazo de los tiburones. Al hacer referencia a “tiburones”, se incluyen a todos los condrictios (tiburones, batoideos y quimeras). Este documento se divide en dos Capítulos y cuatro Anexos. El primer capítulo incluye los objetivos del PAN - Condrictios Uruguay y las medidas propuestas para alcanzar los mismos. El segundo capítulo contiene un diagnóstico general de los condrictios, las pesquerías y el marco jurídico. Como anexos se incluyen una lista de especies de condrictios citadas para Uruguay junto a su status en las listas rojas de la UICN, una reseña biológica de las especies consideradas prioritaras, una lista de abreviaturas, y listas de instituciones y personas que participaron de las reuniones desarrolladas durante el proceso de elaboración del PAN – Condrictios Uruguay. Las medidas propuestas por el PAN - Condrictios Uruguay se deberán aplicar a todas las pesquerías efectuadas por buques de bandera uruguaya, incluso los que operan fuera de la zona económica exclusiva de Uruguay.
    Description: Published
    Description: chondrichthyan, legal norm
    Keywords: M42 ; Fisheries ; Fisheries ; Conservation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La captura incidental en pesquerías comerciales ha sido identificada como una de las principales amenazas para la conservación de este grupo de aves, siendo los albatros (familia: Diomedeidae) y los petreles (familia: Procellariidae) las especies más afectadas. Debido a que los albatros y petreles presentan una gran longevidad y una baja fecundidad, pocas crías y un lento desarrollo, sus poblaciones son muy sensibles al aumento en la tasa de mortalidad causado por la captura incidental en las pesquerías. Anualmente son capturadas y muertas miles de aves marinas en las pesquerías comerciales que operan con diferentes configuraciones de palangre alrededor del mundo. Este arte, entre otras causas, está contribuyendo al descenso de varias poblaciones de albatros y preteles, configurando un claro riesgo de extinción de estas especies, si se permite que las tendencias actuales persistan. Las pesquerías de arrastre también interactúan con las aves marinas provocando la mortalidad de las mismas en un importante número. Otras pesquerías que capturan aves marinas son las que operan con redes de enmalle, redes de cerco y poteras. Respondiendo a la necesidad de reducir la mortalidad de aves marinas la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO) desarrolló un Plan de Acción Internacional para Reducir la Captura Incidental de Aves Marinas en las Pesquerías de Palangre, el cual propicia la elaboración de Planes de Acción Nacionales en cada uno de sus países miembros. El objetivo del Plan de Acción Nacional – Aves Marinas de Uruguay es presentar un marco general que permita instrumentar medidas para la reducción de la captura incidental de aves marinas en todas las pesquerías de Uruguay.
    Description: Published
    Description: seabirds
    Keywords: M42 ; Fisheries ; Catching methods ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
    Format: 75
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  • 20
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: This document presents the Senegalese maritime fishing statistics in 2005 with the catch from the artisanal fisheries, the industrial fisheries as well as exports and the value of commercial coating.The document also informs on the number of estimated canoes , the estimated number of fishermen, consumption of fresh fish product and processed products. The document also shows fisheries statistics by marine areas.
    Description: Ministère de l'Economie Maritime, Direction des Pêches Maritimes, Dakar (Sénégal)
    Description: Published
    Description: statistique, pêche artisanale, pêche industrielle, commercialisation, pêche maritime, pêche par espéce
    Keywords: Demersal fisheries ; Fisheries ; Marine fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Commercial fishing ; Artisanal fishing ; Cephalopod fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Fisheries ; Fishery statistics ; Fishing vessels statistics ; Marine fisheries ; Mollusc fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Shrimp fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 110
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  • 21
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: This document presents the Senegalese maritime fishing statistics in 2004 with the catch from the artisanal fisheries, the industrial fisheries as well as exports and the value of commercial coating.The document also informs on the number of estimated canoes , the estimated number of fishermen, consumption of fresh fish product and processed products. The document also shows fisheries statistics by marine areas.
    Description: Ministère de l'Economie Maritime et des Transports Maritimes Internationaux, Direction des Pêches Maritimes, Dakar (Sénégal)
    Description: Published
    Description: statistique, pêche artisanale, pêche industrielle, commercialisation, pêche maritime, pêche par espéce
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Marine fisheries ; Marine resources ; Marketing ; Coastal fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Multispecies fisheries ; Artisanal fishing ; Fish catch statistics ; Fisheries ; Coastal fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Marine fisheries ; Marine molluscs ; Marine resources ; Marketing ; Capture fishery economics ; Multispecies fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 115
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  • 22
    facet.materialart.
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: This document presents the Senegalese maritime fishing statistics in 2006 with the catch from the artisanal fisheries, the industrial fisheries as well as exports and the value of commercial coating.The document also informs on the number of estimated canoes , the estimated number of fishermen, consumption of fresh fish product and processed products. The document also shows fisheries statistics by marine areas.
    Description: Ministère de l'Economie Maritime, Direction des Pêches Maritimes, Dakar (Sénégal)
    Description: Published
    Description: statistique, pêche artisanale, pêche industrielle, commercialisation, pêche maritime,
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Fishery data ; Marine fisheries ; Coastal fisheries ; Commercial fishing ; Cephalopod fisheries ; Coastal fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Fisheries ; Fish catch statistics ; Fishery economics ; Fishery industry ; Fishery data ; Fishery statistics ; Fishing vessels statistics ; Marine fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2008. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Harmful Algae 7 (2008): 772-781, doi:10.1016/j.hal.2008.03.002.
    Description: In this study, we develop a framework for measuring the value of harmful algal bloom (HAB) predictions. The framework captures the effects of both private and public responses to HABs. Using data from the New England nearshore commercial shellfish fishery and impact estimates for a large-scale HAB event in 2005, we illustrate how the potential value of HAB forecasts may be estimated. The results of our study suggest that the long-term value of a HAB prediction and tracking system for the Gulf of Maine is sensitive to the frequency of HAB events, the accuracy of predictions, the choice of HAB impact measures, and the effectiveness of public and private responses.
    Description: This paper is a result of research funded in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Coastal Ocean Program under award #NA04NOS4780270 to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Keywords: Harmful algal bloom (HAB) ; Red tide ; Fisheries ; Value of information ; Forecast ; Marine scientific research
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Preprint
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  • 24
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    Programme Gestion Intégrée des Ressources Marines et Côtières, Dakar (Senegal)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Du 1er au 25 octobre 2006, une enquête auprés des pêcheurs du fleuve Sénégal a été conduite afin de recueillir des informations sur les populations de lamantins notamment entre Podor et Bakel. entre autres résultats, la mission a pu rencontré beaucoup de communautés de pêcheurs et observé le Trichechus senegalensis (nom scientifique de l'espéce). Nous reproduisons quasiment in extenso la note de synthèse que le Chef de mission a bien voulu mettre à la disposition des lecteurs de DIISO
    Description: Published
    Description: lamantin; Trichechus senegalensis
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Surveys ; Surveys ; Fisheries
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Supported by IOC/IODE
    Description: Document available in English
    Description: ASFA
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Aquatic sciences ; Fisheries ; Abstracts
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duarte, Carlos M -- Marba, Nuria -- Holmer, Marianne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):382-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados, 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain. carlosduarte@imedea.uib.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; *Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Food ; Invertebrates ; Oceans and Seas ; Plants ; Seawater ; Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-04-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCauley, Douglas J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 13;316(5822):200-1; author reply 200-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17431154" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks ; *Tuna
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: Like all species, humans have exercised their impulse to perpetuate and propagate themselves. In doing so, we have domesticated landscapes and ecosystems in ways that enhance our food supplies, reduce exposure to predators and natural dangers, and promote commerce. On average, the net benefits to humankind of domesticated nature have been positive. We have, of course, made mistakes, causing unforeseen changes in ecosystem attributes, while leaving few, if any, truly wild places on Earth. Going into the future, scientists can help humanity to domesticate nature more wisely by quantifying the tradeoffs among ecosystem services, such as how increasing the provision of one service may decrease ecosystem resilience and the provision of other services.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kareiva, Peter -- Watts, Sean -- McDonald, Robert -- Boucher, Tim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1866-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nature Conservancy, 4245 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22203, USA. pkareiva@tnc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Cities ; Commerce ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural ; Disasters ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2007-03-31
    Description: Impacts of chronic overfishing are evident in population depletions worldwide, yet indirect ecosystem effects induced by predator removal from oceanic food webs remain unpredictable. As abundances of all 11 great sharks that consume other elasmobranchs (rays, skates, and small sharks) fell over the past 35 years, 12 of 14 of these prey species increased in coastal northwest Atlantic ecosystems. Effects of this community restructuring have cascaded downward from the cownose ray, whose enhanced predation on its bay scallop prey was sufficient to terminate a century-long scallop fishery. Analogous top-down effects may be a predictable consequence of eliminating entire functional groups of predators.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Myers, Ransom A -- Baum, Julia K -- Shepherd, Travis D -- Powers, Sean P -- Peterson, Charles H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 30;315(5820):1846-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bivalvia ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Elasmobranchii ; Fisheries ; *Food Chain ; Ostreidae ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks ; Skates (Fish)
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2007-10-06
    Description: Captive breeding is used to supplement populations of many species that are declining in the wild. The suitability of and long-term species survival from such programs remain largely untested, however. We measured lifetime reproductive success of the first two generations of steelhead trout that were reared in captivity and bred in the wild after they were released. By reconstructing a three-generation pedigree with microsatellite markers, we show that genetic effects of domestication reduce subsequent reproductive capabilities by approximately 40% per captive-reared generation when fish are moved to natural environments. These results suggest that even a few generations of domestication may have negative effects on natural reproduction in the wild and that the repeated use of captive-reared parents to supplement wild populations should be carefully reconsidered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Araki, Hitoshi -- Cooper, Becky -- Blouin, Michael S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 5;318(5847):100-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. arakih@science.oregonstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17916734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/genetics/physiology ; Animals, Wild/genetics/physiology ; *Breeding ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Oncorhynchus mykiss/genetics/*physiology ; Oregon ; Population Dynamics ; *Reproduction ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 31
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Ministère de l'économie et des Finances
    Description: Published
    Description: Pêche artisanale, pêche industrielle,pêche maritime,pêche sardinière, produits halieutiques,Transformation,
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery products ; Marine fish ; Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing ; Fishery products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: pêcherie; gestion des ressources; cymbium; poulpe; crevette
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Biodiversity ; Fishery resources ; Biodiversity ; Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Fishery resources ; Bait fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper
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    Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The exploitation status of cardinalfish (Epigonus crassicaudus) yielded in Chile between 33° to 41°S was analyzed. An indirect assessment was performed between 1997 and 2003 through size-structured model with a transition matrix defining the changes among sizes. The model was calibrated using size structures, official landings, catch-per-unit of effort (CPUE) taken from commercial fishing logbooks and standardized by generalized linear models (GLM). After 7 years of an intense fishery activity, we concluded that the cardinalfish resource in Chile is on the recruitment overfishing limit. On 2003, the spawning biomass with respect to the virginal spawning biomass is close to 40%. The biological references points (BRP) based on spawning per recruit biomass (SPR) support this assesment because the fishing mortality level on 2003 (Fact) was very close to fishing mortality level of 40% of SRP at virginal value (F40%).
    Description: Published
    Description: Besugo, Cardinalfish
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Stock assessment ; Exploitation ; Fisheries ; Stock assessment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Published
    Description: pêche par espéce; crustacé
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing ; Capture fishery economics ; Fisheries ; Fishery statistics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Published
    Description: pêche artisanale; pêche industrielle; pêche par espéce
    Keywords: Fishery oceanography ; Fisheries ; Fishery economics ; Fishery statistics ; Fishery oceanography ; Commercial fishing ; Artisanal fishing ; Fish catch statistics ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 792055 bytes
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    Format: 129 pp
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  • 36
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Published
    Description: pêche artisanale; pêche industrielle; pêche par espéce; Saint-Louis; Thiès; Louga; Dakar; Ziguinchor
    Keywords: Fishery products ; Fisheries ; Capture fishery economics ; Fishery economics ; Fishery statistics ; Fishery products ; Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book
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  • 37
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The first year of the New England Regional Fisheries Management Council has been marked by its experimental aura. Neither the Council nor the various sectors (representatives of the Federal and State agencies, members of the fishing industry, the public at large) were clear as to exactly what they were to do and how they were to do it--except in the broadest, most flexible (ambiguous?) terms. This created certain operational difficulties, and confusion for those whose livelihood was affected by the Council's operation. This latter group, particularly the fishermen, knew little of what went on, save in terms of the 'public facet of the Council--i.e., that portion of the Council's performance which occurred during the monthly meetings which were open to the public and which, supposedly, received public input at that time. This study defines that public face, deliberately avoiding the presentation of any data which was not accessible to the average audience participant, in an attempt to present some of the behavior which all participants demonstrated and which generated responses and reactions on the part of the other sectors. It uses standard anthropological techniques of data gathering and analysis to show the degree to which impression management on the part of all the actors operated in a systematic fashion to produce action, reaction, and counter-action. Particularly emphasized is the communication aspects.
    Description: Prepared with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-7-158-44104, and the Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; and by sabbatical funding from the State University of New York.
    Keywords: Legislation ; Fisheries ; Sociocultural analysis
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 38
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Fish and fishermen appear to be in a serious decline in New England. The haddock are overfished, inshore herring stocks are depleted, yellowtail flounder and lobster are scarce. The popular image is of grizzled fishermen, their boats chipped, scarred, old-fashioned hulks of wood tied up two and three abreast along the rotting wharves and piers of New England's depressed port towns. In this research project, we wanted to determine the state of the New England fishing industry and to propose acceptable methods for the management of the fishery. During our early discussions with the fishing industry people, we mentioned that we were interested in limited effort programs as they might be applied to New England fishermen. We carefully, and probably tediously, explained the "theory of limited effort" and we were generally thought to be daft. We were told we had things backwards--that the fishing industry needed more fish, more men, more boats - and that the way to accomplish this was to get a 200-mile fishing limit and kick the foreigners out. One of these wishes has come true - in the spring of 1976, P.L. 94-265 established a 200-mile fishing zone off the United States, with regional management councils to make management plans and allocate the resources first to United States fishermen, with surpluses to foreign fishermen.
    Description: Prepared with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-5-158-8 and Grant #04-6-158-44106, and the Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crowder, L B -- Osherenko, G -- Young, O R -- Airame, S -- Norse, E A -- Baron, N -- Day, J C -- Douvere, F -- Ehler, C N -- Halpern, B S -- Langdon, S J -- McLeod, K L -- Ogden, J C -- Peach, R E -- Rosenberg, A A -- Wilson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):617-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Marine Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. lcrowder@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Government Regulation ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapman, Demian D F -- Pikitch, Ellen K -- Babcock, Elizabeth A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):526-8; author reply 526-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Biomass ; Caribbean Region ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):777.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acoustics ; *Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; International Cooperation ; Movement ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater ; Telemetry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: Since the mass mortality of the urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983, parrotfishes have become the dominant grazer on Caribbean reefs. The grazing capacity of these fishes could be impaired if marine reserves achieve their long-term goal of restoring large consumers, several of which prey on parrotfishes. Here we compare the negative impacts of enhanced predation with the positive impacts of reduced fishing mortality on parrotfishes inside reserves. Because large-bodied parrotfishes escape the risk of predation from a large piscivore (the Nassau grouper), the predation effect reduced grazing by only 4 to 8%. This impact was overwhelmed by the increase in density of large parrotfishes, resulting in a net doubling of grazing. Increased grazing caused a fourfold reduction in the cover of macroalgae, which, because they are the principal competitors of corals, highlights the potential importance of reserves for coral reef resilience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mumby, Peter J -- Dahlgren, Craig P -- Harborne, Alastair R -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- Brumbaugh, Daniel R -- Holmes, Katherine E -- Mendes, Judith M -- Broad, Kenneth -- Sanchirico, James N -- Buch, Kevin -- Box, Steve -- Stoffle, Richard W -- Gill, Andrew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):98-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/growth & development ; Bahamas ; Biomass ; Body Size ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Perciformes/anatomy & histology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 43
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Jerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Dolphins ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Fisheries ; *Fresh Water ; Population Density ; *Porpoises ; *Rivers ; Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 44
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-11-11
    Description: Sea urchins are major components of marine communities. Their grazing limits algal biomass, and they are preyed upon by many predators. Purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) are among the best studied species. They live in environments that alternate between two stable states: luxuriant, species-rich kelp forests and sea urchin-dominated "barrens." The transition from one state to the other can be initiated by several factors, including the abundance of algal food, predators, storm intensities, and incidence of disease. Purple sea urchins compete with other grazers, some of which are important fishery resources (such as abalones and red sea urchins), and they are harvested for scientific research. Revelations from their genome will lead to a better understanding of how they maintain their ecological importance, and may in turn enhance their economic potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearse, John S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 10;314(5801):940-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. pearse@biology.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17095690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Gastropoda ; Genome ; Kelp ; Population Dynamics ; Strongylocentrotus ; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 45
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    Victoria: Seychelles Fishing Authority
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Seychelles is composed of over 100 islands with a land area of approximately 455 km², centred close to 4°30'S and 55°30'E. The combined coastline is approximately 600 km long, the oceanic shelf totals about 50 000 km² and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is over 1 370 000 km². The total population (1994 census) stands at just under 74 000. in 1994, the population registered a growth rate of 2.2%. The GDP (1994) was SR 2373.8 million, fisheries representing 4.8% of this sum. Licensing agreements for foreign fishing activities provided a yearly revenue of SR8 million. Port Victoria is seen as a prime centre for tuna fishing operations in the Indian Ocean. In the artisanal fishery just under 900 persons are working. The largest contributor to catch by vessel type are the traditional whaler vessels representing 47.8% of the total catch. Over 66.3% of the catch is by the handline method. Carangidae representing 24% and Lutjanidae 19% of total landings. There are six specific objectives to the fisheries sector policy, which aims as resource development and maximisation of potential benefits. Nearshore fishery resources are considered to be heavily exploited, however opportunities exist around the distant islands and in deeper waters off the Mahe plateau shelf. Aquaculture of molluscs and prawns is being developed and carried out. The main constraints to development are seen as the lack of skilled manpower and foreign exchange.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Country profile ; Fisheries ; Seychelles ; Statistics ; Fisheries ; Fishery statistics
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The trophic relations of two apex predators, yellowfin and bigeye tuna (Thunnus albacares and T. obesus), and their prey were investigated in the western tropical Indian Ocean. The contents of 173 non-empty stomachs were analysed from specimens caught with longlines and purse seine during scientific and fishing cruises. Diet data were processed by occurrence, by number, and by wet weight and a comparison of diets between surface and deep swimmers made. Crustaceans were the almost exclusive food source of surface-swimming bigeye tuna, with the stomatopod (Natosquilla investigatoris) being the sole prey item recorded in this category. The diet of deep-swimming yellowfin tuna was balanced between epipelagic fish, crustaceans and cephalopods. Bigeye tuna fed predominantly on cephalopods and mesopelagic fish (Scopelarchidae and Paralepididae), for which this predator appeared to be the most active chaser. The diet of the two predators reflects their ability to catch the prey, and their vertical distribution.
    Description: Published
    Description: Natosquilla investigatoris; Thunnus albacares; T. obesus; Feeding ecology; Vertical habitat
    Keywords: Tuna ; Fisheries ; Diets ; Tuna fisheries ; Analysis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Greater ecosystem complexity is recognized by studying a two species predator-prey model under two property rights regimes: free entry and a system such as individual quotas which execute an economically optimal solution. A bottom-up management experiment is discussed in the context of Lake Victoria fisheries.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Predators ; Resource management ; Fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Predators ; Resource management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by the NIOF, Egypt
    Description: Lake Manzalah; the largest delta Lake in Egypt represents a dynamic system that has been undergoing continuous and pronounced changes since long times. In the last year’s this Lake faced drastic problems that retarded its environmental and fisheries development; the most serious one is the discharge of waste water. It is attempted in the present study to investigate the chemical characters of Lake Manzalah water during 2001-2002. Water temperature ranged from an average of 12.35oC in January and 29.14oC in July. Dissolved Oxygen, pH and total dissolved solids were found in ranges optimum for the living of marine and freshwater fish species. The average concentrations of nutrients lied in the following ranges: 1.24 to 4.89 μmol PO4 -3 l-1 , 5.08 to 28.73 μmol SiO4 -2 l-1 and 1.81 to 17.7 μ_mol NO3-1 l-1 The concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds were found to be relatively higher at the southern regions of the Lake near to the outlets of the drains.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hydrography ; Water ; Chemistry ; Chemical composition ; Water content ; Environment ; Chemical composition ; Environments ; Water content ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This paper models the effect of changes in wetlands yields within the freshwater fishery of (the Kenyan segment) of Lake Victoria. Specifically, it models the nutrient retention function of wetlands as a buffer against fertilizer run-off from agriculture, and the impact of nutrient loading on the fishery. Run-off from the watershed is among the major causes of eutrophication in the lake, along with atmospheric deposition and sewage and other organic discharges from domestic and industrial activities. The ecological component of the model captures the interactions between phosphorus loading, wetland area, water quality and fish stocks. Chlorophyll-a concentration is used as a proxy for phytoplankton density, and as a measure of nutrient enrichment. The impact of this on fish stocks is then estimated using using Ecopath. The economic component of the model then evaluates the effect of changes in stocks on performance in the fishery, given the regulatory regime in Kenya. We use the results to obtain an estimate of the value of the nutrient retention function of wetlands on the margins of the lake.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Valuation of ecosystem services ; Ecological-economic interactions ; Fisheries ; Eutrophication ; Fishery resources ; Ecosystems ; Fishery resources ; Wetlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 50
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    Victoria: Seychelles Fishing Authority | Victoria
    Publication Date: 2021-08-09
    Description: Published
    Description: Industrial tuna fishing
    Keywords: Tuna ; Fisheries ; Fishery economics ; Fishery industry ; Fishery statistics ; Tuna fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Over the past decade, exports of fish and fishery products from developing countries have increased rapidly. However, one of the major challenges facing developing countries in seeking to maintain and expand their share of global markets is stricter food safety requirements in industrial countries. Kenyan exports of Nile perch to the European Union provide a notable example of efforts to comply with such requirements, overlaid with the necessity to overcome restrictions on trade relating to immediate food safety concerns. Although food safety requirements were evolving in their major markets, most notably the EU, most Kenyan exporters had made little attempt to upgrade their hygiene standards. Likewise, the legislative framework of food safety controls and facilities at landing sites remained largely unchanged. Both exporters and the Kenyan government were forced to take action when a series of restrictions were applied to exports by the EU over the period 1997 to 2000. Processors responded by upgrading their hygiene controls, although a number of facilities closed, reflecting significant costs of compliance within the context of excess capacity in the sector. Remaining facilities upgraded their hygiene controls and made efforts to diversify their export base away from the EU. Legislation and control mechanisms were also enhanced. Hygiene facilities at landing beaches were improved, but remain the major area of weakness. The Kenyan case illustrates the significant impact that stricter food safety requirements can have on export-oriented supply chains. It also demonstrates how such requirements can exacerbate existing pressures for restructuring and reform, while prevailing supply and capacity issues constrain the manner in which the supply chain is able to respond. In Kenya most of the concerted effort to comply with these requirements was stimulated by the sudden loss of market access in very much a “crisis management” mode of operation, illustrating the importance of responding to emerging food safety requirements in a proactive and effective manner. This paper - a product of the International Trade Department, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network - is part of a larger effort in the network to understand the challenges and opportunities facing developing countries associated with evolving international standards for food and other products.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Development economics ; Private sector ; Public Policy Fishing Industry ; Environmental economics & policies ; Fisheries ; Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems ; Agribusiness & Markets ; Coastal and marine resources ; Fishery management ; Fishery products ; Fishery resources ; Food availability ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture economics ; Fishery economics ; Fishery management ; Fishery products ; Food availability
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inman, Mason -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):937.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; North Sea ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kraus, Scott D -- Brown, Moira W -- Caswell, Hal -- Clark, Christopher W -- Fujiwara, Masami -- Hamilton, Philip K -- Kenney, Robert D -- Knowlton, Amy R -- Landry, Scott -- Mayo, Charles A -- McLellan, William A -- Moore, Michael J -- Nowacek, Douglas P -- Pabst, D Ann -- Read, Andrew J -- Rolland, Rosalind M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):561-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Edgerton Research Laboratory, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110-3399, USA. skraus@neaq.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Mortality ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Public Policy ; Reproduction ; Ships ; *Whales/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: The open oceans comprise most of the biosphere, yet patterns and trends of species diversity there are enigmatic. Here, we derive worldwide patterns of tuna and billfish diversity over the past 50 years, revealing distinct subtropical "hotspots" that appeared to hold generally for other predators and zooplankton. Diversity was positively correlated with thermal fronts and dissolved oxygen and a nonlinear function of temperature (approximately 25 degrees C optimum). Diversity declined between 10 and 50% in all oceans, a trend that coincided with increased fishing pressure, superimposed on strong El Nino-Southern Oscillation-driven variability across the Pacific. We conclude that predator diversity shows a predictable yet eroding pattern signaling ecosystem-wide changes linked to climate and fishing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worm, Boris -- Sandow, Marcel -- Oschlies, Andreas -- Lotze, Heike K -- Myers, Ransom A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1365-9. Epub 2005 Jul 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1. bworm@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen/analysis ; *Perciformes ; Population Density ; *Predatory Behavior ; Regression Analysis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; *Tuna ; Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1110-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*history ; Fisheries ; *Gadus morhua/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Maine ; Public Policy ; Reproduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sayles, Jesse S -- Green, David M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 9;310(5754):1616-8; author reply 1616-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Canada ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *International Cooperation ; Mortality ; Population Dynamics ; Public Policy ; Ships ; United States ; *Whales
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: Removal of top predators from ecosystems can result in cascading effects through the trophic levels below, completely restructuring the food web. Cascades have been observed in small-scale or simple food webs, but not in large, complex, open-ocean ecosystems. Using data spanning many decades from a once cod-dominated northwest Atlantic ecosystem, we demonstrate a trophic cascade in a large marine ecosystem. Several cod stocks in other geographic areas have also collapsed without recovery, suggesting the existence of trophic cascades in these systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, Kenneth T -- Petrie, Brian -- Choi, Jae S -- Leggett, William C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1621-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Ocean Sciences Division, Post Office Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada. frankk@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Food Chain ; Gadus morhua ; *Invertebrates ; *Phytoplankton ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Principal Component Analysis ; Seals, Earless ; *Seawater ; Time Factors ; *Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2005-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Avasthi, Amitabh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 22;308(5721):487-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15845821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Marine Biology ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xian, Weiwei -- Kang, Bin -- Liu, Ruiyu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 7;307(5706):41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Rivers ; Scyphozoa/*growth & development ; Seasons ; Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):41-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Ecology/methods ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Eutrophication ; Fisheries ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Poverty ; Public Policy ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-09-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1805-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16166491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; *Ctenophora/growth & development/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; Food Chain ; International Cooperation ; Iran ; Oceans and Seas ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; *Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pala, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Commerce/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Eggs ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Internationality ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boersma, P Dee -- Vargas, Hernan -- Merlen, Godfrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):925.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biological Evolution ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Emigration and Immigration/legislation & jurisprudence ; Fisheries ; Humans ; *Population Growth ; Travel
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: We show that the distributions of both exploited and nonexploited North Sea fishes have responded markedly to recent increases in sea temperature, with nearly two-thirds of species shifting in mean latitude or depth or both over 25 years. For species with northerly or southerly range margins in the North Sea, half have shown boundary shifts with warming, and all but one shifted northward. Species with shifting distributions have faster life cycles and smaller body sizes than nonshifting species. Further temperature rises are likely to have profound impacts on commercial fisheries through continued shifts in distribution and alterations in community interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perry, Allison L -- Low, Paula J -- Ellis, Jim R -- Reynolds, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 24;308(5730):1912-5. Epub 2005 May 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. a.perry@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; North Sea ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2005-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grigg, Richard W -- Dollar, Steven J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1740-2; author reply 1740-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15961652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota ; Fisheries ; Hawaii ; Population Dynamics ; Seals, Earless ; Turtles ; Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present paper is based on a collation of information, through both a literature review and an internet search, on North American programs that involve some kind of scientific collaboration between fishers and fisheries scientists. It identifies four basic models of such collaboration and offers examples of collaborative activities that seem to fit into each of them. The first model defers to the expertise of the scientist for all major decisions and creates a strong programmatic distinction between what is science, and shall be done by scientists, and what are other, related activities that can be carried out by others. Various kinds of tagging programs, fisher advisory boards, at-sea research collaboration and many other activities fit this model. The second model, traditional ecological knowledge, recognizes that fishers have available to them a unique, local knowledge of the resource that can make a supplementary contribution to fisheries science. Several government, community and environmental groups are engaged in finding, recording and using this knowledge....
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Mariculture ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Non-Refereed , Paper
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Dr Sebek introduced the ACOPS report which sums up the activities undertaken since the last Preparatory Committee meeting all of which are detailed in Annex V. In particular, Dr Sebek said that several strategic partnerships were being forged in order that certain components of the work programme, as agreed at the First Preparatory Committee Meeting in Nairobi in February, could start as soon as possible. A good example of such a policy, in the field of root cause analyses was the anticipated co-operation with UNESCO.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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    UNEP; Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: At present, the impact of accidental catch on sea turtle populations is one of the most urgent problems that must be solved to ensure the survival of all these species worldwide. In the Mediterranean, too, all marine turtle species are affected by fishing activities, in particular the loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and the green (Chelonia mydas) turtles, which are more common than the others and are the only ones breeding in this sea. Since the Mediterranean populations of both species seem to be genetically isolated from the Atlantic ones (Bowen et al., 1992; Bowen et al., 1993; Laurent et al., 1993), fishing-induced mortality probably cannot be counterbalanced by immigration. This implies that the survival of the Mediterranean populations of these species depends to a great extent on the conservation effort that the Mediterranean countries carry on in the near future to reduce accidental mortality.
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Marine turtles ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The coastal waters of West Africa are among the world's richest fishing grounds ... for the time being. Droughts have ravaged the hinterland and as a result people have steadily moved towards the shores of Senegal and Mauritania. At the same time the international fishing industry seems intent on exploiting West African waters to a greater and greater extent. Nicolien Zuijdgeest and photographer Bas Beentjes visited the region and found that the sustainability of fisheries is being seriously threatened.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Le Gabon est situé en Afrique centrale avec une façade atlantique . Il est limité au Nord par le Cameroun, au Nord-ouest par la Guinée Equatoriale, à l’Est et au Sud par le Congo. La zone économique exclusive (ZEE) a une surface de 213.000 Km². elle est plus vaste que celle de Sao-Tomé et Principé, pays insulaire voisin (160.000 Km²). La façade maritime à une longueur de 750 Km , de Coccobeach à Ndindi. La largeur moyenne du plateau continental est de 60 Km, soit une surface à peu-près de 40.600 Km² de la côte à l’isobathe de 200 mètres. Ce plateau se termine par un talus peu abrupt, d’une longueur de 750 Km et d’une superficie de 11.200 Km² entre 200 et 800 mètres de profondeur....
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; Environments ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Working Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In 1997, IUCN-The World Conservation Union, with the financial support of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development, initiated a project to examine the relationship between the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the rules of international trade–those administered by the World Trade Organisation (WTO), in particular. The project was motivated by a widely shared concern that the aims of the CBD, which are essentially to conserve and equitably distribute the benefits of the environment, might be undermined by the WTO, which aims at the liberalisation of trade. Liberalised trade has the potential to integrate economies, regionally and globally, in mutually beneficial ways. But some observers are concerned that it may do so at a cost of impairing the environment and amplifying disparities in wealth, much of which, in poorer nations, is disproportionately represented in endowments of natural resources. Other commentators have claimed to locate synergistic potential, suggesting, for example, that trade law’s anti-subsidy disciplines might be conscripted into the campaign against environmental abuses such as overfishing.
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; International trade ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Conference Material , Non-Refereed , Paper
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This synopsis describes the development of marine biological research, including fisheries, in Mozambique. With around 3000 km of coastline, the living resources of the sea playa major role in the Mozambican society, mainly as a source of protein and income for the population, and of foreign revenue through exports. In the first years, after independence, in 1975, research activities in marine sciences were limited and mainly concentrated to fisheries through cooperation with Norway and the Soviet Union. A new era for biology started in 1985 when the Faculty of Biology at Universidade Eduardo Mondlane was re-opened. A 5yr curriculum towards a licentiate degree was introduced with a strong marine profile. Since the 1990s, a very dynamic de-velopment in Mozambican marine biological research has occurred. Several academic degrees in marine biology from universities abroad were obtained, and local expertise developed; building vital institutions and enrolling in advanced research activities.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Marine biology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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    FAO
    Publication Date: 2021-01-30
    Description: Published
    Description: Eritrea
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Cette rencontre entre dans le cadre du programme conjoint de recherche sur les crustacés entre l’IMROP et l’IEO (Espagne)
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Captures ; Effort de pêche ; Length distribution ; Fishing effort ; CPUE ; Débarquement ; Landing ; Pêcheries ; Mauritanie ; Fisheries ; Accords de pêche ; UE ; Mauritania ; Crevettes ; Shrimps ; EU ; Distribution de taille ; Fishing fleet ; Fishing agreements ; Flottille de pêche ; Catches ; Crustacean fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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    International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and IUCN-The World Conservation Union
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The Fisheries, International Trade, and Sustainable Development programme aims to inject both the sustainable development and natural resource management perspectives into the debate on trade and fisheries. The ultimate objective of the programme is to make international trade in fisheries supportive of sustainable development. The programme's main activity will be to convene a series of policy dialogues on fisheries, international trade, and sustainable development which will link processes and actors, and bring together all the different stakeholders' perspectives. Initially the programme aims to facilitate a process in which each stakeholder can move beyond the constraints inherent in his or her position, to enable all participants to step back from particular debates and stand-offs regarding fisheries, trade, and sustainable development-related issues such as subsidies, ecolabelling, or conservation measures. The dialogues, research, and information exchange process will seek to build common understanding and a baseline of shared information, and pave the way for participating stakeholders to seek solutions compatible with the aims of sustainable development by exploring ways to improve resource management while safeguarding the livelihoods of those who depend on fisheries, and ensuring economic growth for developing countries.
    Description: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, IUCN — The World Conservation Union Publications Service Unit
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Sustainable development ; Fisheries ; International trade
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book Section , Non-Refereed
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    Accra : Marine Fisheries Research Division
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Ministry of Food and Agriculture
    Description: Directorate of Fisheries
    Description: Published
    Description: Exploitation, Upwelling, Pelagic species, Demersal species, Atlantic Ocean
    Keywords: Fishery policy ; Marine environment ; Fisheries ; Exploitation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The marine fisheries production from African coastal countries, combined with that of freshwater production of the continent is estimated to be 6 millions metric tons, corresponding only 5 % of the total world production. Africa's contribution to fisheries products (1,5 %) is insignificant compared to that of world commerce which is around 44 millions tons. This deplorable situation is due to a certain number of problems which include s among others, the relative biogenic poverty of African waters, the exploitation of African waters by foreign vessels, the total lack of catches effected by the African vessels out of their regional boundaries, the lack of knowledge on the mastering of commercialisation and on veritable commercial politics of fisheries products, including quality assurance. In addition to this, the almost inexistence of the aquaculture in the sub-Saharan countries. This paper analyses the African fisheries in the whole continent and presents the general characters, notably its evolution, fisheries resources, valorisation and consumption of fisheries products. The global analysis made here accords a priority to markets as well as to the framework of contribution of these products and tries, at the end of the 20th century, to present some trends. Facing the globalisation phenomena, how will African fisheries producers be challenged in the new millennium? This continental level analysis brings out field application and some different development perspectives for both small scale and industrial fisheries sub-sectors.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Non-Refereed
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  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 31-49 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Bax ; Bcl-2 ; Bcl-X ; bone ; programmed cell death ; p53 ; c-fos ; Msx-2 ; differentiation ; IRF-1 ; IRF-2 ; collagenase gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We present evidence of cell death by apoptosis during the development of bone-like tissue formation in vitro. Fetal rat calvaria-derived osteoblasts differentiate in vitro, progressing through three stages of maturation: a proliferation period, a matrix maturation period when growth is downregulated and expression of the bone cell phenotype is induced, and a third mineralization stage marked by the expression of bone-specific genes. Here we show for the first time that cells differentiating to the mature bone cell phenotype undergo programmed cell death and express genes regulating apoptosis. Culture conditions that modify expression of the osteoblast phenotype simultaneously modify the incidence of apoptosis. Cell death by apoptosis is directly demonstrated by visualization of degraded DNA into oligonucleosomal fragments after gel electrophoresis. Bcl-XL, an inhibitor of apoptosis, and Bax, which can accelerate apoptosis, are expressed at maximal levels 24 h after initial isolation of the cells and again after day 25 in heavily mineralized bone tissue nodules. Bcl-2 is expressed in a reciprocal manner to its related gene product Bcl-XL with the highest levels observed during the early post-proliferative stages of osteoblast maturation. Expression of p53, c-fos, and the interferon regulatory factors IRF-1 and IRF-2, but not cdc2 or cdk, were also induced in mineralized bone nodules. The upregulation of Msx-2 in association with apoptosis is consistent with its in vivo expression during embryogenesis in areas that will undergo programmed cell death. We propose that cell death by apoptosis is a fundamental component of osteoblast differentiation that contributes to maintaining tissue organization. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:31-49, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 309-327 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: in vitro replication ; ors8 ; Oct-1 transcription factor ; POU domain ; mammalian autonomously replicating DNA sequence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A 186-base pair fragment of ors8, a mammalian autonomously replicating DNA sequence isolated by extrusion of nascent monkey DNA in early S phase, has previously been identified as the minimal sequence required for replication function in vitro and in vivo. This 186-base pair fragment contains, among other sequence characteristics, an imperfect consensus binding site for the ubiquitous transcription factor Oct-1. We have investigated the role of Oct-1 protein in the in vitro replication of this mammalian origin. Depletion of the endogenous Oct-1 protein, by inclusion of an oligonucleotide comprising the Oct-1 binding site, inhibited the in vitro replication of p186 to approximately 15-20% of the control, whereas a mutated Oct-1 and a nonspecific oligonucleotide had no effect. Furthermore, immunodepletion of the Oct-1 protein from the HeLa cell extracts by addition of an anti-POU antibody to the in vitro replication reactioninhibited p186 replication to 25% of control levels. This inhibition of replication could be partially reversed to 50-65% of control levels, a two- to threefold increase, upon the addition of exogenous Oct-1 POU domain protein.Site-directed mutagenesis of the octamer binding site in p186 resulted in a mutant clone, p186-MutOct, which abolished Oct-1 binding but was still able to replicate as efficiently as the wild-type p186. The results suggest that Oct-1 protein is an enhancing component in the in vitro replication of p186 but that its effect on replication is not caused through direct binding to the octamer motif. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:309-327, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 80
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: cell proliferation ; tumor progression ; EGF receptor ; ErbB ; HER1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is an activating ligand for the EGF receptor (HER1/ErbB1) and the high-affinity receptor for diphtheria toxin (DT) in its transmembrane form (proHB-EGF). HB-EGF was immunolocalized within human benign and malignant prostatic tissues, using monospecific antibodies directed against the mature protein and against the cytoplasmic domain of proHB-EGF. Prostate carcinoma cells, normal glandular epithelial cells, undifferentiated fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells were not decorated by the anti-HB-EGF antibodies; however, interstitial and vascular smooth muscle cells were highly reactive, indicating that the smooth muscle compartments are the major sites of synthesis and localization of HB-EGF within the prostate. In marked contrast to prostatic epithelium, proHB-EGF was immunolocalized to seminal vesicle epithelium, indicating differential regulation of HB-EGF synthesis within various epithelia of the reproductive tract. HB-EGF was not overexpressed in this series of cancer tissues, in comparison to the benign tissues. In experiments with LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cells, HB-EGF was similar in potency to epidermal growth factor (EGF) in stimulating cell growth. Exogenous HB-EGF and EGF each activated HER1 and HER3 receptor tyrosine kinases and induced tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins to a similar extent. LNCaP cells expressed detectable but low levels of HB-EGF mRNA; however, proHB-EGF was detected at the cell surface indirectly by demonstration of specific sensitivity to DT. HB-EGF is the first HER1 ligand to be identified predominantly as a smooth muscle cell product in the human prostate. Further, the observation that HB-EGF is similar to EGF in mitogenic potency for human prostate carcinoma cells suggests that it may be one of the hypothesized stromal mediators of prostate cancer growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:328-338, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: chondrocytes ; cyclooxygenase-2 ; c-Jun N-terminal kinase ; protein kinase A ; cAMP response element ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The involvement of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in signaling pathways that control the expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene in human chondrocytes was examined. Okadaic acid (OKA), an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP-1) and 2A (PP-2A), induced a delayed, time-dependent increase in the rate of COX-2 gene transcription (runoff assay) resulting in increased steady-state mRNA levels and enzyme synthesis. The latter response was dose dependent over a narrow range of 1-30 nmol/L with declining expression and synthesis of COX-2 at higher concentrations due to cell toxicity. The delayed increase in COX-2 mRNA expression was accompanied by the induction of the proto-oncogenes c-jun, junB, junD, and c-fos (but not FosB or Fra-1). Increased phosphorylation of CREB-1/ATF-1 transcription factors was observed beginning at 4 h and reached a zenith at 8 h. Gel-shift analysis confirmed the up-regulation of AP-1 and CRE nuclear binding proteins, though there was little or no OKA-induced nuclear protein binding to SP-1, AP-2, NF-κB or NF-IL-6 regulatory elements. OKA-induced nuclear protein binding to 32P-CRE oligonucleotides was abrogated by a pharmacological inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), KT-5720; the latter compound also inhibited OKA-induced COX-2 enzyme synthesis. Calphostin C (CalC), an inhibitor of PKC isoenzymes, had little effect in this regard. Inhibition of 32P-CRE binding was also observed in the presence of an antibody to CREB-binding protein (265-kDa CBP), an integrator and coactivator of cAMP-responsive genes. The binding to 32P-CRE was unaffected in the presence of excess radioinert AP-1 and COX-2 NF-IL-6 oligonucleotides, although a COX-2 CRE-oligo competed very efficiently. 32P-AP-1 consensus sequence binding was unaffected by incubation of chondrocytes with KT-5720 or CalC, but was dramatically diminished by excess radioinert AP-1 and CRE-COX-2 oligos. Supershift analysis in the presence of antibodies to c-Jun, c-Fos, JunD, and JunB suggested that AP-1 complexes were composed of c-Fos, JunB, and possibly c-Jun. OKA has no effect on total cellular PKC activity but caused a delayed time-dependent increase in total PKA activity and synthesis. OKA suppressed the activity of the MAP kinases, ERK1/2 in a time-dependent fashion, suggesting that the Raf-1/MEKK1/MEK1/ERK1,2 cascade was compromised by OKA treatment. By contrast, OKA caused a dramatic increase in SAPK/JNK expression and activity, indicative of an activation of MEKK1/JNKK/SAPK/JNK pathway. OKA stimulated a dose-dependent activation of CAT activity using transfected promoter-CAT constructs harboring the regulatory elements AP-1 (c-jun promoter) and CRE (CRE-tkCAT). We conclude that in primary phenotypically stable human chondrocytes, COX-2 gene expression may be controlled by critical phosphatases that interact with phosphorylation dependent (e.g., MAP kinases:AP-1, PKA:CREB/ATF) signaling pathways. AP-1 and CREB/ATF families of transcription factors may be important substrates for PP-1/PP-2A in human chondrocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:392-413, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 82
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 457-471 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: coated vesicles ; acetylcholine receptors ; AP180 ; myotube ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Monoclonal antibodies were generated to vesicular membranes of clathrin coated vesicles enriched for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). One of these, C172, recognizes vesicles which accumulate in muscle cells around nuclei associated with acetylcholine receptor AChR clusters. Immunoblots of muscle extracts and brain purified clathrin coated vesicles show that C172 recognizes a 100 kd band in muscle, but a 180 kd band in brain. Western blots of purified AP180 protein stained with the two antibodies AP180.1 and C172 displayed the same staining pattern. Tryptic digests probed with peptide antibodies (PS26 and PS27) generated to known sequences of AP180 were used to map the epitope for C172 within the brain AP180 sequence. On immunoblots of digested AP180, all AP180 antibodies and C172 recognized a 100 kd tryptic fragment, however only C172 recognized a smaller 60 kd. Our results suggest that the C172 epitope is located within amino acids 305-598 of the AP180 sequence. Confocal fluorescence microscopy of myoblasts and myotubes stained with the C172 antibody gives a punctate immunofluorescence pattern. Myoblasts stained with C172 revealed a polarized distribution of vesicles distinct from that observed when cells are stained with γ adaptin antibody which is known to localize to trans Golgi network. Myotubes stained with C172 antibody reveal a linear array of vesicular staining. Quantitative analysis of C172 reactive vesicles revealed a significant increase in number of vesicles present around the nuclei associated with the acetylcholine receptor clusters. These vesicles did not colocalize with the Golgi cisternae. These results indicate that a protein with homology to the neuron-specific coated vesicle protein AP180, is present in muscle cells associated with vesicles showing significant concentration around postsynaptic nuclei present in close proximity to AChR clusters. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:457-471, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Rous sarcoma virus ; chondrocytes ; matrix calcification ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Endochondral bone formation involves the progression of epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes through a sequence of developmental stages which include proliferation, differentiation, hypertrophy, and matrix calcification. To study this highly coordinated process, we infected growth plate chondrocytes with Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and studied the effects of RSV transformation on cell proliferation, differentiation, matrix synthesis, and mineralization. The RSV-transformed chondrocytes exhibited a distinct bipolar, fibroblast-like morphology, while the mock-infected chondrocytes had a typical polygonal morphology. The RSV-transformed chondrocytes actively synthesized extracellular matrix proteins consisting mainly of type I collagen and fibronectin. RSV-transformed cells produced much less type X collagen than was produced by mock-transformed cells. There also was a significant reduction of proteoglycan levels secreted in both the cell-matrix layer and culture media from RSV-transformed chondrocytes. RSV-transformed chondrocytes expressed two- to- threefold more matrix metalloproteinase, while expressing only one-half to one-third of the alkaline phosphatase activity of mock infected cells. Finally, RSV-transformed chondrocytes failed to calcify the extracellular matrix, while mock-transformed cells deposited high levels of calcium and phosphate into their extracellular matrix. These results collectively indicate that RSV transformation disrupts the preprogrammed differentiation pattern of growth plate chondrocytes and inhibit chondrocyte terminal differentiation and mineralization. They also suggest that the expression of extracellular matrix proteins, type II and type X collagens, and the cartilage proteoglycans are important for chondrocyte terminal differentiation and matrix calcification. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:453-462, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Cordyceps sinensis ; adrenal cells ; steroidogenesis ; signal pathway ; PKC ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cordyceps sinensiscontains a factor that stimulates corticosteroid production in the animal model. However, it is not known whether this drug acts directly on the adrenal glands or indirectly via the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. In the present study, we used primary rat adrenal cell cultures to investigate the pharmacological function of a water-soluble extract of Cordyceps sinensis(CS) and thesignaling pathway involved. Radioimmunoassay of corticosterone indicated that the amount of corticosterone produced by adrenal cells is increased in a positively dose-dependent manner by CS, reaching a maximun at 25 μg/ml. This stimulating effect was seen 1 h after CS treatment and was maintained for up to 24 h. Concomitantly, the lipid droplets in these cells became small and fewer in number. Immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody, A2, a specific marker for the lipid droplet capsule, demonstrated that detachment of the capsule from the lipid droplet occurs in response to CS application and that the period required for decapsulation is inversely related to the concentration of CS applied. The mechanism of CS-induced steroidogenesis is apparently different from that for ACTH, since intracellular cAMP levels were not increased in CS-treated cells. However, combined application with calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor, completely blocked the effect of CS on steroidogenesis, suggesting that activation of PKC may be responsible for the CS-induced steroidogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:483-489, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 85
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 69 (1998), S. 506-521 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: heart ; development ; CaMPK ; cAPK ; CDK ; cGPK ; Kkialre ; PKC ; Wee1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: During early postnatal development, cardiomyocytes, which comprise about 80% of ventricular mass and volume, become phenotypically developed to facilitate their contractile functions and terminally differentiated to grow only in size but not in cell number. These changes are due to the expression of contractile proteins as well as the regulation of intracellular signal transduction proteins. In this study, the expression patterns of several protein kinases involved in various cardiac functions and cell-cycle control were analyzed by Western blotting of ventricular extracts from 1-, 10-, 20-, 50-, and 365-day-old rats. The expression level of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was slightly decreased (20%) over the first year, whereas no change was detected in cGMP-dependent protein kinase I. Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, which is involved in Ca2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, was increased as much as ten-fold. To the contrary, the expressions of protein kinase C-α and ι declined 77% with age. Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) such as CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK5, which are required for cell-cycle progression, abruptly declined to almost undetectable levels after 10-20 days of age. In contrast, other CDK-related kinases, such as CDK8 or Kkialre, did not change significantly or increased up to 50% with age, respectively. Protein kinases implicated in CDK regulation such as CDK7 and Wee1 were either slightly increased in expression or did not change significantly. All of the proteins that were detected in ventricular extracts were also identified in isolated cardiac myocytes in equivalent amounts and analyzed for their relative expression in ten other adult rat tissues. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:506-521, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 86
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 8-21 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: activin A ; bone marrow stromal cells ; gene regulation ; promoter activity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Activin A, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, plays roles in differentiation and development, including hematopoiesis. Our previous studies indicated that the expression of activin A by human bone marrow cells and monocytes is highly regulated by inflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids. The present study was undertaken to investigate the regulation of activin A gene expression in the human bone marrow stromal cell lines L87/4 and HS-5, as well as in primary stromal cells. Northern blots demonstrated that, like primary stromal cells, the cell lines expressed four activin A RNA transcripts (6.4, 4.0, 2.8, and 1.6 kb), although distribution of the RNA among the four sizes varied. The locations of the 5′ ends of the RNAs were investigated by Northern blots and RNase protection assays. The results identified a transcription start site at 212 nucleotides upstream of the translation start codon. In addition, luciferase expression assays of a series of deletion constructs were used to identify regulatory sequences upstream of the activin A gene. A 58 bp upstream sequence exhibits promoter activity. However, severalfold higher expression requires a positive element consisting of an additional 71 bp of the upstream region. Promoter activity was also identified between 2.5 and 3.6 kb upstream of the start codon. These findings suggest that expression of activin A at the transcriptional level follows complex patterns of regulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:8-21, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 87
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 29-37 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: small GTPase ; membrane traffic ; vesicles ; transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Eukaryotic cells achieve complexity by compartmentalizing a subset of cellular functions into membrane-bound organelles. Maintaining this high level of cellular organization requires precise regulation of traffic between membranes. This task is accomplished, in part, by rab proteins. How these small GTPases regulate membrane traffic between cellular compartments is not clear. Here we report the characterization of a novel rab GTPase from the soil amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum. The predicted coding sequence of the new rab gene, Dictyostelium rab11b, encodes a protein of 25 kD containing all the structural hallmarks of a rab GTPase. Comparison of the sequence with the GenBank database and cladistic analysis demonstrated Dictyostelium rab11b to be a divergent member of the rab11 branch of rab proteins. Southern analysis revealed the presence of related genes in Dictyostelium. RNAse protection assays showed the Dictyostelium rab11b gene to be expressed at uniform levels throughout growth and development. Gene deletion experiments revealed that Dictyostelium rab11b was not essential for growth or development. Conceivably, the function of rab11b may be redundant with that of related genes in this organism. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:29-37, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, inc.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: coronary artery ; NO/EDRF ; adenosine ; prostacyclin ; phospholamban ; myosin light chain ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The intracellular mechanisms underlying the action of the endogenous vasodilators such as NO/EDRF, adenosine, and prostacyclin acting through cGMP and cAMP, respectively, are not well understood. One important action of cyclic nucleotides in smooth muscle relaxation is to lower the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration by enhanced sequestration into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the potential role of phosphorylation of phospholamban, the regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump, for the control of coronary vascular tone by NO/EDRF, adenosine, and prostacyclin. Phospholamban was identified in pig coronary artery preparations by immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blotting and in vitro phosphorylation. Segments of pig coronary artery, with either intact or denuded endothelium, were precontracted with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). In endothelium-denuded preparations 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), 5′-N-ethylcarboxiamidoadenosine (NECA), and iloprost (ILO) caused both relaxation and phospholamban phosphorylation with the potency: SIN-1 〉 NECA 〉 ILO. The regulatory myosin light chain was significantly dephosphorylated only by SIN-1. In endothelium-intact pig coronary artery, L-NAME caused additional vasoconstriction and a decrease in phospholamban phosphorylation, while phosphorylation of myosin light chain remained unchanged. An inverse relationship between phospholamban phosphorylation and vessel tone was obtained. Our findings demonstrate significant phospholamban phosphorylation during coronary artery relaxation evoked by NO, prostacyclin, and adenosine receptor activation. Because of the close correlation between phosphorylation of phospholamban and vessel relaxation, we propose that phospholamban phosphorylation is an important mechanism by which endogenous vasodilators, especially endothelial NO/EDRF, control coronary vascular smooth muscle tone. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:49-59, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 89
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 70-83 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: TGF-β1 ; apoptosis ; growth inhibition ; retina ; endothelial cells ; pericytes ; angiogenesis ; p21waf1/cip1 ; p53 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) regulates a variety of cellular functions. In several types of cells, for example, it acts as a growth inhibitor and an inducer of apoptotic cell death. Although one of the important modulators in retinal vascular development and retinal neovascularization, the effects of TGF-β1 on retinal microvascular cells are not fully defined. We have found that proliferation of both bovine retinal endothelial cells (EC) and pericytes was inhibited by TGF-β1 in a concentration-dependent manner. However, only retinal EC lost viability after exposure to increasing concentrations of TGF-β1 (up to 10 μg/ml) in the presence of 2% fetal bovine serum. Dying EC exhibited the morphological and biochemical characteristics of apoptosis. Fragmented nuclei and chromatin condensation were apparent after staining with the fluorochrome Hoechst 33258 and the reagent ApopTag; moreover, gel electrophoresis of DNA from TGF-β1-treated EC demonstrated degradation of chromatin into the discrete fragments typically associated with apoptosis. The addition of anti-TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody abolished the apoptotic cell death induced by TGF-β1. Because not all the EC in a given culture died after exposure to TGF-β1, we separated the apoptosis-sensitive cells from those resistant to TGF-β1-mediated apoptosis and determined the expression of several proteins associated with this apoptotic pathway. Apoptosis of EC mediated by TGF-β1 was associated with a decreased level of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1/cip1, compared with that observed in the apoptosis-resistant cells. In contrast, the translation product of the tumor-suppressor gene p53 was increased in the TGF-β1-treated apoptotic cells. Thus, we propose that p21waf1/cip1 and p53 function in distinct pathways that are protective or permissive, respectively, for the apoptotic signals mediated by TGF-β1. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:70-83, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: steroid hormone receptor ; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; nuclear retention ; DNA-binding ; transcriptional activation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The human vitamin D receptor (hVDR) possesses a unique array of five basic amino acids positioned between the two DNA-binding zinc fingers that is similar to well-characterized nuclear localization sequences in other proteins. When residues within this region are mutated to nonbasic amino acids, or when this domain is deleted, the receptor is still well expressed, but it no longer associates with the vitamin D-responsive element in DNA, in vitro, and hVDR-mediated transcriptional activation is abolished in transfected cells. Concomitantly, the mutated hVDRs exhibit a significant shift in hVDR cellular distribution favoring cytoplasmic over nuclear retention as assessed by subcellular fractionation and immunoblotting. Independent immunocytochemical studies employing a VDR-specific monoclonal antibody demonstrate that mutation or deletion of this basic domain dramatically attenuates hVDR nuclear localization in transfected COS-7 cells. Although wild-type hVDR is partitioned predominantly to the nucleus in the absence of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) hormone, treatment with ligand further enhances nuclear translocation, as it does to some degree in receptors with the basic region altered. The role of 1,25(OH)2D3may be to facilitate hVDR heterodimerization with retinoid X receptors, stimulating subsequent DNA binding and ultimately enhancing nuclear retention. Taken together, these data reveal that the region of hVDR between Arg-49 and Lys-55 contains a novel constitutive nuclear localization signal, RRSMKRK. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:94-109, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: giant cell tumor of bone ; MCP-1 ; TGF-β ; CD68+ ; chemotaxis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is one of a few neoplasms in which the macrophage/osteoclast precursor cells and osteoclast-like giant cells infiltrate the tumor mass. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) is a potent chemotactic factor specific for monocytes. In search of relevant cytokines that may enhance the recruitment of these reactive cells, we evaluated the localization and regulation of MCP-1 mRNA and protein in GCT by using Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We also determined whether conditioned medium obtained from GCT cultures can recruit human peripheral blood monocytes (CD68+) in an in vitro chemotactic assay. Using Northern blot analysis, we detected the specific gene transcript for MCP-1 in all GCT samples tested. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that both MCP-1 gene transcript and protein were consistently present in the cytoplasm of stromal-like tumor cells of GCT. Treatment of mononuclear cells from GCT at third passage with TGF-β1 for 24 h increased the level of MCP-1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner, with the maximum effect at 1 ng/ml. Conditioned media from GCT cultures promoted the chemotactic migration of CD68+ peripheral monocytes, an activity which was abolished by the addition of MCP-1 antibody to the conditioned medium. Thus, the results of this study suggest that recruitment of CD68+ macrophage-like cells may be due to the production MCP-1 by stromal-like tumor cells. These CD68+ cells may originate from peripheral blood and could have the capability of further differentiating into osteoclasts in the tumor. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:121-129, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: signal transduction ; chromatin structure ; cytology ; histones ; metastasis ; Ras ; MAPKK ; NIH3T3 cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: An altered nuclear morphology has been previously noted in association with Ras activation, but little is known about the structural basis, functional significance, signaling pathway, or reproducibility of any such change. We first tested the reproducibility of Ras-associated nuclear change in a series of rodent fibroblast cell lines. After independently developing criteria for recognizing Ras-associated nuclear change in a Papanicolaou stained test cell line with an inducible H(T24)-Ras oncogene, two cytopathologists blindly and independently assessed 17 other cell lines. If the cell lines showed Ras-associated nuclear change, a rank order of increasing nuclear change was independently scored. Ras-associated nuclear changes were identified in v-Fes, v-Src, v-Mos, v-Raf, and five of five H(T24)-Ras transfectants consisting of a change from a flattened, occasionally undulating nuclear shape to a more rigid spherical shape and a change from a finely textured to a coarse heterochromatic appearance. Absent or minimal changes were scored in six control cell lines. The two cytopathologists' independent morphologic rank orders were similar (P〈 .0002). The mitogen signaling pathway per se does not appear to transduce the change since no morphologic alterations were identified in cell lines with activations of downstream components of this pathway - MAPKK or c-Myc - and the rank orders did not correlate with markers of mitotic rate (P 〉 .11). The rank order correlated closely with metastatic potential (P 〈 .0014 and P 〈 .0003) but not with histone H1 composition or global nuclease sensitivity. Based on published studies of five of the cell lines, there may be a correlation between increases in certain nuclear matrix proteins and the Ras-associated nuclear change. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:130-140, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 93
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 159-171 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: nucleus ; nuclear domain ; genome ; nucleolus ; coiled body ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: It is becoming clear that the cell nucleus is not only organized in domains but that these domains are also organized relative to each other and to the genome. Specific nuclear domains, enriched in different proteins and RNAs, are often found next to each other and next to specific gene loci. Several lines of investigation suggest that nuclear domains are involved in facilitating or regulating gene expression. The emerging view is that the spatial relationship between different domains and genes on different chromosomes, as found in the nucleolus, is a common organizational principle in the nucleus, to allow an efficient and controlled synthesis and processing of a range of gene transcripts. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:159-171. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 94
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 70 (1998), S. 181-192 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: coiled bodies (CBs) ; gems ; p80 coilin ; RNPs ; RNA processing ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Coiled bodies (CBs) are nuclear organelles whose morphology and composition have been conserved from plants to animals. They are highly enriched in components of three different RNA processing pathways. Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) involved in pre-mRNA splicing, rRNA processing, and histone mRNA 3′ end maturation all take up residence in CBs. However, CB function(s) remain obscure. This review will focus on recent developments in several aspects of CB structure and function, including exciting new results on their twin organelles, called gems. In particular, the reader will be introduced to a novel hypothesis called the “salmon theory of snRNP biogenesis.” Questions arising from and experiments necessary to test this hypothesis will be discussed. J. Cell. Biochem. 70:181-192, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: monomeric laminin receptor ; receptor maturation ; acylation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Even though the involvement of the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) in tumor invasiveness has been clearly demonstrated, its molecular structure remains an open problem, since only a full-length gene encoding a 37-kDa precursor protein (37LRP) has been isolated so far. A pool of recently obtained monoclonal antibodies directed against the recombinant 37LRP molecule was used to investigate the processing that leads to the formation of the 67-kDa molecule. In soluble extracts of A431 human carcinoma cells, these reagents recognize the precursor molecule as well as the mature 67LR and a 120-kDa molecule. The recovery of these proteins was found to be strikingly dependent upon the cell solubilization conditions: the 67LR is soluble in NP-40-lysis buffer whereas the 37LRP is NP-40-insoluble. Inhibition of 67LR formation by cerulenin indicates that acylation is involved in the processing of the receptor. It is likely a palmitoylation process, as indicated by sensitivity of NP-40-soluble extracts to hydroxylamine treatment. Immunoblotting assays performed with a polyclonal serum directed against galectin3 showed that both the 67- and the 120-kDa proteins carry galectin3 epitopes whereas the 37LRP does not. These data suggest that the 67LR is a heterodimer stabilized by strong intramolecular hydrophobic interactions, carried by fatty acids bound to the 37LRP and to a galectin3 cross-reacting molecule. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:244-251, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 96
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    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 69 (1998), S. 260-270 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: oncogenic function of mutant p53 ; MAR-DNA elements ; MAR-DNA binding by mutant p53 ; MethA p53 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We recently reported that murine MethA mutant but not wild-type p53 specifically binds to MAR-DNA elements (MARs) with high affinity. Here we show that this DNA binding activity is exerted not only by MethA mutant p53 but also by other murine mutant p53 proteins isolated from the transformed murine BALB/c cell lines 3T3tx and T3T3 and differing in their conformational status. High affinity MAR-DNA binding was not restricted to the XbaI-IgE-MAR-DNA fragment from the murine immunoglobulin heavy chain gene enhancer locus [Cockerill et al. (1987): J Biol Chem 262:5394-5397] used in previous studies, as MethA p53 also specifically interacted with other A/T-rich bona fide MARs. Not only murine but also human mutant p53 proteins carrying the mutational hot spot amino acid exchanges 175Arg→His, 273Arg→Pro, or 273Arg→His bound to the XbaI-IgE-MAR-DNA fragment. We therefore conclude that high affinity MAR-DNA binding is a property common to a variety of mutant p53 proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:260-270, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 69 (1998), S. 291-303 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: nuclear matrix ; TGF-β1 ; bone ; osteoblast differentiation ; mineralization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Nuclear matrix protein (NMP) composition of osteoblasts shows distinct two-dimensional gel electrophoretic profiles of labeled proteins as a function of stages of cellular differentiation. Because NMPs are involved in the control of gene expression, we examined modifications in the representation of NMPs induced by TGF-β1 treatment of osteoblasts to gain insight into the effects of TGF-β on development of the osteoblast phenotype. Exposure of proliferating fetal rat calvarial derived primary cells in culture to TGF-β1 for 48 h (day 4-6) modifies osteoblast cell morphology and proliferation and blocks subsequent formation of mineralized nodules. Nuclear matrix protein profiles were very similar between control and TGF-β-treated cultures until day 14, but subsequently differences in nuclear matrix proteins were apparent in TGF-β-treated cultures. These findings support the concept that TGF-β1 modifies the final stage of osteoblast mineralization and alters the composition of the osteoblast nuclear matrix as reflected by selective and TGF-β-dependent modifications in the levels of specific nuclear matrix proteins. The specific changes induced by TGF-β in nuclear matrix associated proteins may reflect specialized mechanisms by which TGF-β signalling mediates the alterations in cell organization and nodule formation and/or the consequential block in extracellular mineralization. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:291-303, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: VAT-1 ; Pacific electric ray Torpedo californica ; ATPase ; Mus musculus ; gene structure ; Ehrlich ascites tumor ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Recently, interest has focused on the human gene encoding the putative protein homologous to VAT-1, the major protein of the synaptic vesicles of the electric organ of the Pacific electric ray Torpedo californica, after it has been localized on chromosome locus 17q21 in a region encompassing the breast cancer gene BRCA1. Chromosomal instability in this region is implicated in inherited predisposition for breast and ovarian cancer. Here we describe isolation and biochemical characterization of a mammalian 48 kDa protein homologous to the VAT-1 protein of Torpedo californica. This VAT-1 homolog was isolated from a murine breast cancer cell line (Ehrlich ascites tumor) and identified by sequencing of cleavage peptides. The isolated VAT-1 homolog protein displays an ATPase activity and exists in two isoforms with isoelectric points of 5.7 and 5.8. cDNA was prepared from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, and the murine VAT-1 homolog sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and partially sequenced. The known part of the murine and the human translated sequences share 97% identity. By Northern blots, the size of the VAT-1 homolog mRNA in both murine and human (T47D) breast cancer cells was determined to be 2.8 kb. Based on the presented data, a modified gene structure of the human VAT-1 homolog with an extended exon 1 is proposed. VAT-1 and the mammalian VAT-1 homolog form a subgroup within the protein superfamily of medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:304-315, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: architectural transcription factor ; nuclear matrix ; osteoblast ; parathyroid hormone ; type I collagen ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In connective tissue, cell structure contributes to type I collagen expression. Differences in osteoblast microarchitecture may account for the two distinct cis elements regulating basal expression, in vivo and in vitro, of the rat type I collagen α1(I) polypeptide chain (COL1A1). The COL1A1 promoter conformation may be the penultimate culmination of osteoblast structure. Architectural transcription factors bind to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA and bend it, altering interactions between other trans-acting proteins. Similarly, nuclear matrix (NM) proteins bind to the minor groove of AT-rich matrix-attachment regions, regulating transcription by altering DNA structure. We propose that osteoblast NM architectural transcription factors link cell structure to promoter geometry and COL1A1 transcription. Our objective was to identify potential osteoblast NM architectural transcription factors near the in vitro and in vivo regulatory regions of the rat COL1A1 promoter. Nuclear protein-promoter interactions were analyzed by gel shift analysis and related techniques. NM extracts were derived from rat osteosarcoma cells and from rat bone. The NM protein, NMP4, and a soluble nuclear protein, NP, both bound to two homologous poly(dT) elements within the COL1A1 in vitro regulatory region and proximal to the in vivo regulatory element. These proteins bound within the minor groove and bent the DNA. Parathyroid hormone increased NP/NMP4 binding to both poly(dT) elements and decreased COL1A1 mRNA in the osteosarcoma cells. NP/NMP4-COL1A1 promoter interactions may represent a molecular pathway by which osteoblast structure is coupled to COL1A1 expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:336-352. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: human islets ; insulin release ; sulfonylurea receptors ; oral antidiabetic compounds ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Current information on pancreatic islet sulfonylurea receptors has been obtained with laboratory animal pancreatic β cells or stable β-cell lines. In the present study, we evaluated the properties of sulfonylurea receptors of human islets of Langherans, prepared by collagenase digestion and density-gradient purification. The binding characterisitics of labeled glibenclamide to pancreatic islet membrane preparations were analyzed, displacement studies with several oral hypoglycemic agents were performed, and these latter compounds were tested as for their insulinotropic action on intact human islets. [3H]glibenclamide saturable binding was shown to be linear at ≤0.25 mg/ml protein; it was both temperature and time dependent. Scatchard analysis of the equilibrium binding data at 25°C indicated the presence of a single class of saturable, high-affinity binding sites with a Kd value of 1.0 ± 0.07 nM and a Bmax value of 657 ± 48 fmol/mg of proteins. The displacement experiments showed the following rank order of potency of the oral hypoglycemic agents we tested: glibenclamide = glimepiride 〉 tolbutamide 〉 chlorpropamide ≫ metformin. This binding potency order was parallel with the insulinotropic potency of the evaluated compounds. J. Cell. Biochem. 71:182-188, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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