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  • Animals  (7,118)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Ertrag
  • Niederschlag
  • 2010-2014  (7,129)
  • 1950-1954  (33)
  • 1945-1949  (37)
Collection
Keywords
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Feldfrüchte und Witterung. (1949)
    In:  Deut. Landwirtschaflt. Presse 72:Nr. 3;6.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1949
    Description: Beziehung zwischen der Witterung und dem Ertrag verschiedener Kulturen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Ostdeutschland ; 1900-1935 ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Witterung
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  • 2
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    Das Frühjahr 1952 und die Frostschäden im Niederelbegebiet (1952)
    In:  Mitt. Obstbauvers. ring Altes Land, York 7:102-115.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Bericht über die Folgen des Spätfrostes im Jahr 1952 an verschiedenen Obstbaumarten (Äpfel, Birnen, Kirschen, Beeren) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag von Obstbäumen. KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Januar, Februar, März) +, dann Vegetationsbeginn - (früher); Delta Nied (Februar-Mai) -, dann Ertrag (Boskoop, Coulon, Kehdinger Rambur, Cox) -; Delta T (Mai) - : T 〈 0 °C(Spätfröste), dann Schäden der Früchte an Obstbäumen -;
    Keywords: Niederelbe ; 1952 ; Apfel ; Kirsche ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Frost ; Obst ; Birne
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  • 3
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    Der Einfluss der Witterung auf den Massenwechsel des Rapserdflohs (Psylloides chrysocephala L.) (1947)
    In:  Nachrichten Blatt für den deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, p. 101-104
    Details
    Publication Date: 1947
    Description: Beobachtungen zu den Witterungsverhältnissen im Winter 1946/47 und im Sommer 1947 und deren Auswirkungen auf den Rapserdfloh sowie ein Vergleich mit ähnlichen vergangenen Ereignissen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) und der Entwicklung des Rapserdflohs KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T: T 〈 6°C, dann Eiablage; Delta T +, dann Schlüpfergebnis -; T 〉 30°C, dann keine Entwicklung von Larven Delta Nied -, dann Austrocknung der Eier +;
    Keywords: Mecklenburg, Thüringen, Sachsen, Brandenburg ; 1946-1947 ; Boden ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung ; Raps
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  • 4
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    Recent changes in the climatic yield potential of various crops in Europe (2010)
    In:  Agricultural Systems, Volume: 103, Issue: 9, p.683-694
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010
    Description: Mit Hilfe des Crop Growth Monitoring Systems wurden Veränderungen im simulierten potentiellen Ertrag von Kulturpflanzen und in der Biomasseproduktion beobachtet, die durch die Temperaturänderungen und Globalstrahlungsmuster hervorgerufen werden. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Die Veränderungen im potentiellen Ertrag sind geographisch unterschiedlich. In Italien und Südmitteleuropa sinkt bei mehr als drei Arten der potentielle Ertrag signifikant. In nordeuropäischen Regionen wie Großbritannien steigt das Ertragspotential mehrerer Kulturpflanzen. KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Keywords: Europa ; 1967-2005 ; Ertrag ; Temperatur ; Globalstrahlung
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  • 5
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    Winter wheat yield response to climate variability in Denmark (2011)
    In:  Journal of Agricultural Science, Volume: 149, p.33-47
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011
    Description: Verwendung eines gemischten Regressionsmodels für die Vorhersage der Kornernte unter fünf Klimaszenarien für zwei Bodentypen (sandige und lehmige Böden) und zwei Regionen in Dänemark (West Zealand und Central Jutland). KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Auswirkung von Änderungen im Klima (Temperatur und Strahlung) auf die Ernteerträge von Getreide. Im Durchschnitt nehmen die Erträge unter den projizierten Klimaänderungen um 1.6-12.3% ab. Die durchschnittliche Abnahme bis 2020 beträgt 3.6% verglichen zum Jahr 1985 und 8.0% bis 2040. Die Abnahme ist für West Zealand größer als für Central Jutland und für lehmige Böden größer als für sandige Böden. KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Sommer) +, dann Erträge -; Delta Sonn (Sommer, Frühling) +, dann Erträge +; Delta T (Winter) = 4,4°C, dann Erträge = max; Delta T (Winter) 〉/〈 4,4°C, dann Erträge -;
    Keywords: Dänemark ; 1992-2008, 2020, 2040 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Modell
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  • 6
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    Über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Witterung, Düngung und Ertrag auf einem leichten Sandboden. (Dargestellt an einem Thyrower Dauerversuch). (1952)
    In:  Dissertation, Humboldt-Universität, Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Untersuchungen über zusammenhänge zwischen Düngung und Ertrag, Witterung und Ertragsbildung, sowie Witterung und Düngewirkung bei den Hauptfrüchten (Winterroggen, Hafer, Kartoffeln) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) und der Ertragsbildung sowie zischen der Witterung und der Wirkung der Düngungsarten (mineralisch und organisch) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (März) + und Delta Nied (März) -, dann Trockenschäden an Winterroggen +; kritische Periode (Winterroggen): Wasserversorgung gegen Ende der Blüte; Delta Nied (1. Junihälfte), dann Erträge (Winterroggen) +; Delta T (März) +, dann Schädigung (Hafer) +; Delta T (März) - und Delta Nied (März) +, dann Erträge (Hafer) +; Delta Nied (Ende der Blüte) + und Delta T (Ende August) +, dann Erträge (Kartoffeln) +; Delta Nied (kurz vor dem Ähren- bzw. Rispenschieben) -, dann relative Leistung der organischen Düngung (Winterroggen und Hafer) +; Delta Nied (kurz vor dem Ähren- bzw. Rispenschieben) +, dann Leistung der mineralischen Düngung (Winterroggen und Hafer) +; Delta Nied + (steigend), dann Wirkung mineralischer Düngung +; Delta Nied (Juni) -, dann Wirkung organischer Düngung +,
    Keywords: Thyrow, Brandenburg ; 1936-1952 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Roggen ; Witterung ; Düngung
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  • 7
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    Kapitel Wald (2013)
    In:  ???
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013
    Description: Simulationen mithilfe des Models 4C zu möglichen Auswirkungen der Klimaänderungen des RCP 8.5 Klimaszenariums auf Wälder in Deutschland Kiefer Fichte Eiche Buche KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Auswirkungen des Klimawandels (Temperatur, Niederschlag, CO2-Gehalt der Atmosphäre) auf die Wälder KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Frühjahr) + und Delta Nied (Frühjahr) -, dann Produktivität der Wälder -; Delta C02 + um 25 - 30 %, dann Produktion der Wälder + um 9 - 20%; Delta T + (an nicht wasserlimitierten Standorten), dann Produktivität der Wälder +; Delta CO2+, dann Wassernutzungseffizienz der Wälder +; Delta T (Sommer) +, dann Waldbrandgefahr +; Delta T (Sommer) + und Delta Nied (Sommer) - (= WaBi -), dann Trockenstress der Wälder + um bis zu 9% und dann Produktivität der Wälder -; Delta T (Sommer) + und Delta Nied (Sommer) -, dann Populationsdichte Kiefern-Großschädlinge +;
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 20. und 21. Jahrhundert ; Boden ; Buche ; Eiche ; Fichte ; Forst ; Kiefer ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Phänologie ; Sturmschaden ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Verdunstung ; Waldbrand ; Waldwachstum ; Wassermangel ; Wind ; Grundwasser ; Modell
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  • 8
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    Modelling climate impacts on crop yields in Belgium (2010)
    In:  Climate Research, Volume 44, Issue: 1, p.55-68
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010
    Description: Entwicklung eines neuen regionalen Ernte-Models (REGCROP) zur Abschätzung von Auswirkungen des Klimas auf die regionale Ackerfruchtproduktion. Es wurden Durchläufe für 3 verschiedene Klimaszenarien und 3 typische belgische Böden (Ton, Lehm, lehmiger Sand) durchgeführt. Die Klimaauswirkungen wurden mit historischen Wetterauswirkungen verglichen. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss des Klimas (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Luftfeuchte) auf den Ertrag von Kulturpflanzen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +, dann Entwicklung der Kulturpflanze + und Vegetationszeit -; Delta T + (Hitzestress) und Delta Nied - (Trockenheit), dann Ertrag (Zuckerrüben) - um 12-27% und Ertrag (Kartoffeln) - um 23-44%; Delta Nied + (Vernässung), dann Ertrag (Wintergetreide) - um 5-12%; Delta T + und günstige Dampfdruckdefizite, dann Ertrag + um 6-7%;
    Keywords: Belgien ; 1960-2008 ; Zuckerrüben ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Klima ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Modell
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  • 9
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    Quantitative Entwicklung von Flachseen in Brandenburg im Klimawandel (2014)
    In:  Kaden, S., Dietrich, O., Theobald, S. (Hrsg.). Wassermanagement im Klimawandel – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Anpassungsmaßnahmen. Berlin: oekom in Erscheinen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014
    Description: Teilergebnise des BMBF-Verbundforschungsprojektes INKA BB, des TP 22 „Nachhaltige Managementstrategien für glaziale Seen Brandenburgs im Klimawandel“. Ergebnisse aus Berechnungen mit dem NA-Modell EGMO-D für STAR2-Szenarion mit 0 und 2K Temperaturanstieg zur Wasserstandsentwicklung von Flachseen im Raum Brandenburg KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Absenkung der Seewasserspiegel im Extremfall um mehrere Meter, am größten in den Seen im Südosten Berlins und nehmen zum Nordwesten ab, Zunahme der Absenkungen ist am stärksten für Seen, welche im Vergleich zum Zufluss ein großes Volumen besitzen KATASTER-DETAIL: Tmit für (ECAHM, A1B, STAR 0.0T, d.h. T1 0.0 ... kein weiterer Temperaturanstieg nach 2000 und STAR 2.0K, d.h. T2.0 ... weiterer Temperaturanstieg nach 2000 um ca. 2K bis 2060), bis zum Jahr 2018 Stationarität des Füllungsregimes, erst danach Absenkungen zu erwarten Tmit (0K und 2K), von 0,5 m im Jahr 2018 bis auf 4,2 m im Jahr 2053, diejenigen mit 10% Überschreitungswahrscheinlichkeit von 0,4 m bis auf 2,4 m
    Keywords: Nordostdeutschland ; Szenarien 2004-2053 ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Verdunstung ; Abfluss ; Grundwasser
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  • 10
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    Klimawandel und Apfelertrag - Einfluss von Witterung und Klima auf die Ertragsbildung an der Niederelbe (2011)
    In:  DGG-Proceedings, Vol. 1, No. 3, p. 1-5. DOI: 10.5288/dgg-pr-01-03-hh-2011
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011
    Description: Modifizierte Wasserhaushalts- und Ertragsmodell SIMWASER wurde genutzt, um auf der Grundlage von Klimaszenarien zukünftige Apfelerträge an der Niederelbe abzuschätzen. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: ECHAM5/ OM IPCC, Szenariolauf 1, WETTREG Klimaszenarien A1B und B1, Eingang in das Regressionsmodell fanden das Vorerntejahr (*) die Sonnenscheindauer von April-Juni [Sd(04-06)*], Minimumtemperatur im November [Tn(11)*], Sonnenscheindauern im März/April [Sd(0304)] und im Mai/Juni [Sd(0506)] und die Niederschlagshöhe im Juli des Erntejahres [P07] Modellrechnungen ergeben bis zum Ende des 21.Jahrhunderts Veränderungen der phänologischen Phasen sowie der Apfelerträge.Insbesondere die signifikante Verkürzung der Periode BBCH[61-87] (p〈0.01) um 28(Szenario A1B) bzw. 19 Tage (Szenario B1) bis zum Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts ist vermutlich der maßgebliche Faktor für die signifikante Abnahme der Erträge um ca. 7 % an der Niederelbe bei sonst gleichbleibenden Rahmenbedingungen. KATASTER-DETAIL: Anomalie (yi in Prozent) der beobachteten Erträge (xoy) zum linearen Ertragstrend (xlyt) bestimmt: yi = (xoy)i / (xlyt)i Ertagsabweichung delta-y = 0.805679 + 0.00103065 Sd(04-06)* - 0.0468646 Tn11* - 0.00110369 Sd(0304) + 0.00031381 Sd(0506) - 0.00153245 P07
    Keywords: Niedersachsen ; 1973-2006 und Szenarium von 2001-2100 ; Apfel ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Vegetationsperiode ; Sonnenscheindauer
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  • 11
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    Die Beziehung zwischen Ertrag und Witterung beim Kernobst (1952)
    In:  Z. f. Acker- und Pflanzenbau 95:233-260
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Zusammenhang zwischen der Temperatur und dem Niederschlag zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: (Einteilung in Dekaden) zu verschiedenen, ertragsrelevanten Zeiträumen (Blühreife, Anlagestadium, Knospenstadium und Blütenstadium) von Apfel und Birnen und Zusammenhang zu Niederschlag und Temperatur bei verschiedenen Sorten KATASTER-DETAIL: Nied+(〉30mm) (Knospendifferenzierung, 20.6-20.7. des Vorjahres), Nied+(〉70mm im März), Nied+ (〉20mm 1-10 Tage vor der Blüte), Tmit*(Tmin 〈-2°C als Nachftrost kritisch, vor, währed und 30 Tage nach der Blüte) und Nied- (〈70mm, bis 30 Tage nach der Blüte) führten zu hohen Erträgen
    Keywords: Baden-Württemberg, Hohenheim ; 1936-1947 ; Apfel ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Frost ; Obst ; Birne
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  • 12
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    Analysis of uncertainties in the hydrological response of a model-based climate change impact assessment in a subcatchment of the Spree River, Germany (2013)
    In:  Hydrological Processes, early view: 10.1002/hyp.9933.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013
    Description: Ergebnisse aus Berechnungen mit den hydrologischen Modellen HBV-light und WaSiM-ETH angetrieben von den regionalen Klimamodellen (RCM) STAR (+2K, 100 Realisierungen, statistisch), WettReg2010 (A1B, 10 Realisierungen, statistisch), CCLM (A1B, 2 Realisierungen, dynamisch) und REMO (A1B, 1 Realisierung, dynamisch). Untersucht wurden zum einen die Unsicherheiten bezüglich des Einflusses der RCMs und hydrologischen Modelle auf die Endergebnisse sowie die zukünftige Abflussentwicklung in einem Teileinzugsgebiet der Oberen Spree KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Bei der Betrachtung von langjährigen Abflussmittelwerten trägt die Wahl des RCMs die größte Unsicherheit zur Gesamtbandbreite des Modellensembles bei. Die Ergebnisse der hydrologischen Modelle unterscheiden sich nur geringfügig. Die Vulnerabilität des Einzugsgebiets bezüglich klimatischer Änderungen bleibt unbeantwortet, da zum Teil gegensätzlich Entwicklung der tatsächlichen Verdunstung und des Abflusses simuliert werden aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Niederschlagsentwicklungen der RCM KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Temp: Alle RCMs (STAR (+2.4 °C), WettReg (+1.9 °C), CCLM (+1.6 °C), REMO (+1.2 °C)) Temperaturanstieg bis 2060 (dynamische RCMs schwächeren Anstieg im Vergleich zu den statistischen RCMs) Delta ETP: Alle RCMs Anstieg der potenziellen Verdunstung (ETP, Ansatz: Penman-Monteith). Statistische Modelle deutlich stärkeren Anstieg aufgrund geringerer Luftfeuchte und stärkeren Anstieg der Globalstrahlung (STAR: +135 mm/a, WettReg: +171 mm/a) im Vergleich zu den dynamischen RCMs (REMO: +12 mm/a, CCLM: +40 mm/a); Delta Nied: dynamische RCMs berechnen im Mittel leichten Anstieg (REMO: +38 mm/a, CCLM: +1 mm/a), statistische RCMs im Mittel erheblichen Rückgang (STAR: 120 mm/a, WettReg: 105 mm/a); Delta Tatsächliche Verdunstung: dynamische RCMs leichten Anstieg (REMO: zwischen +7-+18 mm/a, CCLM: zwischen +4-+10 mm/a, je nach hydrologischem Modell), statistische RCMs leichten Rückgang (STAR: zwischen -12 - -22 mm/a, WettReg: zwischen -2 - -10 mm/a, je nach hydrologischem Modell)
    Keywords: Lausitz, Nordostdeutschland ; 2031-2060 ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Verdunstung ; Globalstrahlung ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Niedrigwasser ; Abfluss ; Grundwasser ; Modell
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  • 13
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    Auswirkungen potenzieller Änderungen des Klimas und der Braunkohleförderung und -verstromung auf natürliche und bewirtschaftete Abflüsse in den Lausitzer Flusseinzugsgebieten (2014)
    In:  Kaden, S., Dietrich, O., Theobald, S. (Hrsg.). Wassermanagement im Klimawandel – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Anpassungsmaßnahmen. München: oekom verlag, 2014, S. 121-140
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014
    Description: Ergebnisse von Simulationen der potenziellen zukünftigen natürlichen bzw. bewirtschafteten Abflüsse auf Basis der hydrologischen Modelle SWIM, EGMO, WaSiM-ETH und HBV-light bzw. des Langfristbewirtschaftungsmodells WBalMo für Klimaszenarien von STAR (weiterer Temperaturanstieg um 0 K, 2 K bzw. 3 K) sowie WettReg A1B und eines Szenarios zur Braunkohleförderung und -verstromung (Rückgang des Grundwasserabsenkungsgebiets und der Sümpfungswassereinleitung) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Rückgang der mittleren natürlichen und bewirtschafteten Abflüsse aufgrund steigender Temperaturen (und der potenziellen Evapotranspiration) sowie teilweise Rückgang der Niederschläge Bei den natürlichen Abflüssen sind die Effekte des Rückgangs des Grundwasserabsenkungsgebiets und der damit verbundenen Vergrößerung der abflusswirksamen Fläche geringer als die Auswirkungen der klimatischen Änderungen. Unsicherheiten der Ergebnisse sowohl aufgrund der Wahl des Klimaszenarios als auch des hydrologischen Modells KATASTER-DETAIL: Delte T (STAR 0K, : 2013-53 vs. 1961-1990) leichter Anstieg der natürlichen Abflüsse durch Rückgang des Grundwasserabsenkungsgebiets; jedoch Rückgang im Vergleich zur Referenzperiode um bis zu 20 % Delte T (STAR 2K, STAR 3K und WettReg A1B: Rückgang der natürlichen Abflüsse im Verlauf des Szenariozeitraums, dabei Rückgang der mittleren Abflüsse (MQ)m Vergleich zur Referenzperiode um bis zu 40 % (STAR 2K) bzw. 50 % (STAR 3K und WettReg A1B), dieser Effekt wird zum Teil durch Rückgang des Grundwasserabsenkungsgebiets gemildert. Bewirtschaftete Abflüsse STAR 0K: z.T. Anstieg bis 2030 STAR 2K, STAR 3K: deutlicher Rückgang ab 2030
    Keywords: Lausitz ; 2013-2053 ; Klima ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Abfluss ; Grundwasser ; Modell
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  • 14
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    Die Ertragsbildung in Rekorderntejahren bei Getreide (1948)
    In:  Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde 40:114-129.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Beschreibung der Witterung innerhalb bestimmter Zeitabschnitte bei Rekordernten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Infolge von Wachstumshemmung, durch Trockenheit in der Jugend, und Transpirationseinschränkungen, durch ausbleibende Hitzeperioden im Alter, werden die, durch den Wechsel der Jahreszeiten gegebenen, starken Unterschiede in der Versorgung der Pflanzen wesentlich gemildert KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (März-April) -, dann Erträge ++; Delta T (März) + und Delta T (April) -, dann Erträge ++; Hitzeperioden (Mai-Juni) -, dann Erträge +; Delta T (Juli-August) + und Delta Nied (Juli-August)-, dann Erträge +; Trockenperioden (Juli-August) +, dann Erträge +;
    Keywords: Ostdeutschland ; 1929-38 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung
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  • 15
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    Beobachtungen über das Auftreten der Pfirsichblattlaus in Nordbaden während der beiden Extremjahre 1947 und 1948 im Zusammenhang mit der Frage des Kartoffelabbaues (1949)
    In:  Nachr.-Bl. Biol. Ztr.-Anst. Braunschweig, p. 72-73
    Details
    Publication Date: 1949
    Description: Untersuchungen zum Auftreten der Pfirsichblattlaus und zum Befall mit der Blattrollkrankheit KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Abhängigkeit der Stärke des Pfirsichblattlausauftretens vom Niederschlag im Mai/Juni KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied: Nied 〉 80mm, dann Laus -
    Keywords: Baden ; 1947 - 1948 ; Kartoffeln ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling
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  • 16
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    Korrelaionen zwischen Witterung und Ernteertrag (1945)
    In:  Verh. Schweiz. Naturforsch. Ges. Freiburg, 135-137
    Details
    Publication Date: 1945
    Description: Beziehung von Temperatur und Niederschlag zum Ertrag von Getreide KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Anzahl der Tage mit Niederschlag im Juli (Korrelationskoeffizient =-0.6) hat höchste Korrelation bei Winterweizen KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Schweiz ; 1942-44 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen
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  • 17
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    Das Zusammenwirken der Wachstumsfaktoren bei der Ertragsbildung (1954)
    In:  Zeitschr. Acker- und Pflanzenbau 98: 145-186
    Details
    Publication Date: 1954
    Description: Zusammenwirken von N, P und K bei der Ertragsbildung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland, Versuchsstationen ; 1900-1953 ; Ertrag ; Witterung ; Düngung
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  • 18
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    Untersuchungen über die Beziehungen von Ernte- und Klimaschwankungen in der Wetterau (1948)
    In:  Diss., Gießen
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Rangordung der Ertrage nach Gruppen und Korrelationen zu Witterungsfaktoren; Ertragsaufzeichenungen von Betrieben und Klimaaufzeichnungen aus stat. Berichten der Wetterau KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Ertragsrückgänge bei Wassermangel,Relation zwischen Ertrag und Temperatur/Luftfeuchte insb. bei Hackfrüchten KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Herbst) -, Delta T (Winter) +, Delta T (Frühjahr) +, Delta Nied (Mai) +, Delta T (letzte Monate des Ausreifens) -, Delta Sonn (letzte Monate des Ausreifens) +, dann Ertrag +;
    Keywords: Wetterau, Hessen ; 1924-1938 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Hackfrüchte
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    Klima und Witterung in ihrer Auswirkung auf die Qualität pflanzlicher Erzeugnisse (1952)
    In:  Landw. Forsch. Darmstadt, 2. Sonderheft: 51-60
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Überblick über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Klima bzw. Witterung und Pflanzenqualität von Ackerfrüchten, Wiesengräsern, Obst, Gemüse, Gewürzpflanzen und Wein KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag, Sonnenschein, Strahlung) auf die Qualität verschiedener Anbaukulturen KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Erntezeit) + und Delta Nied (Erntezeit) -, dann Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Körner (Ackerfrüchte) -; Delta T (Erntezeit) - und Delta Nied (Erntezeit) +, dann Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Körner (Ackerfrüchte) +; Delta T (Zeit der Kornausbildung) ++ und Delta Nied (Zeit der Kornausbildung) -, dann Stärkegehalt der Körner (Ackerfrüchte) - und Einweißgehalt der Körner + sowie Größe der Körner -; Delta T (Zeit von Milch- zur Voll- und Todreife) + und Delta Sonn (Zeit von Milch- zur Voll- und Todreife) + und Delta Nied (Zeit von Milch- zur Voll- und Todreife) -, dann besserer Kleber und gute Backfähigkeit; Delta blaue Strahlung +, dann Einweißgehalt - und Kleberqualität +; Delta Nied (Juni, Juli) +, dann Fermenttätigkeit +; Informationen zu den anderen Anbaukulturen: siehe Artikel
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1. Hälfte 20. Jahrhundert ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte ; Obst ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Wein ; Gemüse
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    Klimaschäden. Betriebswirtschaftliche Betrachtungen aus dem mitteldeutschen Raum (1953)
    In:  Gesunde Pflanzen 5: 261-263
    Details
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Beschreibung der Auswirkungen von Spätfrösten auf den Ertrag von verschiedenen frostempfindlichen Kulturpflanzen (Winter-Gerste, Erbsen, Kartoffeln) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Niederschlag) auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (April) + und Delta T (Mai) - (Spätfröste), dann Ertrag (Erbsen) --; Delta T (April) + und Delta T (Mai) - (Spätfröste), dann Erntezeitpunkt (Kartoffeln) + (später);
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1952 ; Kartoffeln ; Anbautermine ; Boden ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Wachstum ; Wassermangel ; Witterung ; Frost ; Gerste ; Erbsen
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  • 21
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    Witterung und Pflanzenwachstum (unter Benutzung langjähriger phänologischer Beobachtungen aus Thüringen). (1952)
    In:  Akademie-Verlag Berlin, Abhandlungen des meteorologischen und hydrologischen Dienstes der deutschen demokratischen Republik, Nr. 14, Bd. II.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Phänogramme und Beschreibung der Abhängigkeit verschiedenster Zeigerpflanzen des Frühlings (Schneeglöckchen, Rosskastanie, Flieder), des Sommers (Holunder, Roggen) und des Herbstes von meteorologischen Faktoren und Vergleich mit landwirtschaftlich wichtigen phänologischen Phasen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Eintritt phänologischer Phasen ist von den Temperatursummen abhängig; Einfluss der Temperatur auf den Ertrag KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +: T 〉 8°C, dann Beginn Pflanzenwachstum; Delta T (Mai und Juni) -, dann Erträge Winterroggen +;
    Keywords: Thüringen ; 1881-1909, 1929-1948 ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Phänologie ; Temperatur
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    Untersuchungen über die Biologie und Bekämpfung der Obstbaumspinnmilbe Paratetranychus pilosus Can. et Fanz (1947)
    In:  Diss. Bonn, 118p.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1947
    Description: Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung der Obstbaumspinnmilbe, ihrer Eiablage und ihres sonstigen Verhaltens unter natürlichen Umweltbedingungen KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhänge zwischen Temperatur und Niederschlag und der Anzahl und dem zeitlichen Vorkommen der Generationen sowie des Schlüpfens der Larven. KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied +, dann Zeit für Entwicklung der Milben +; Delta T +, dann Zeit von Eiablage bis Schlüpfen -; Delta T + ,Delta Sonn + und/oder Delta Relf +, dann Anzahl schlüpfender Larven +; Delta T - und/oder Delta Nied +, dann Zeit für Entwicklung der Larven und Nymphen +; Delta T - und/oder Delta Nied +, dann Mortalität(Larven und Nymphen)+; Delta T + und Delta Relf -, dann Anzahl gelegter Sommereier +; Delta T +, dann Zeit für Entwicklung der Sommereier -; Delta T -, dann Anzahl gelegter Wintereier -; T 〈= 8°C, dann keine Eiablage; Delta Wind +, dann Anzahl abgewehter Milben +; Delta T (Frühjahr und Sommer) + und Delta Relf (Frühjahr und Sommer) -, dann starker Befall
    Keywords: Bergisches Land und Labor ; 1943-1944, 1946 ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Obst
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    Über das Auftreten und die Bekämpfung des Rüben-Derbrüsslers Bothynoderes (Cleonus) punctiventris im Jahre 1948 sowie über einige andere schädliche Rüssler des Rübenbaues (1948)
    In:  Nachr. Bl. Deutscher Pflanzenschutzdienst, Heft 3/4, Jahrgang 2, p. 33-36
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Allgemeine Beobachtungen zur Lebensweise des Rüben-Derbrüsslers KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen dem Massenauftreten des Käfers und der Witterung im Frühjahr und Sommer KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T: T 〈 12-14°C, dann Ende der Winterruhe; Delta T+, dann Flugbeginn; Delta Nied (Frühjahr und Sommer) +, dann Massenauftreten +;
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1948 ; Zuckerrüben ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung
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    Witterungsfaktoren als Urheber der Massenvermehrung des Rübenderbrüßlers (Bothynoderes punctioventris) 1947-1949 in Mitteldeutschland (1951)
    In:  Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie, p.567-575
    Details
    Publication Date: 1951
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Massenauftreten des Rübenderbrüßlers in Abhängigkeit von der vorherrschenden Witterung KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen der Witterung (Bodentemperatur und Bodenfeuchte) und dem Massenauftreten des Käfers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied (Sommer) +, dann Mortalität +; Delta T (Sommer des Vorjahres) + und Delta Nied (Sommer des Vorjahres) - sowie Delta T ( Frühjahr des Schadjahres) +, dann Massenauftreten des Käfers +; Delta T: Tmit (Boden) 〉 10°C, Auskriechen der Käfer aus dem Boden
    Keywords: Mitteldeutschland ; 1947-1949 ; Insekten ; Zuckerrüben ; Boden ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Witterung
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    Biologie, Epidemiologie und Bekämpfung des Rübenderbrüßlers (Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ.) (1952)
    In:  Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 2, Nr. 2/3, p. 256-315
    Details
    Publication Date: 1952
    Description: Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen zur Biologie, Epidemiologie und Bekämpfung des Rübenderbrüßlers KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einflüsse der Witterung auf die Entwicklung und das Massenauftreten des Käfers KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T und Delta Nied und Delta Sonn: T(Boden)〉8°C und Delta Nied -, Delta T (Luft) + und Delta Sonn +, dann Verlassen des Bodens; Delta T -, dann Unterbrechungen der Abwanderung +; Delta T und Delta Sonn: T〉=22°C und Sonnenschein, dann Flug; Delta T: T〉= 15-17°C, dann Reifung; T=26,2°C und Relf=30-37%, dann maximale Eizahl; T〈2°C, dann Erstarrungszustand; Delta Nied (Mai, Juni) -, dann Massenauftreten +; Delta T +, dann Eizahl +;
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1950 ; Zuckerrüben ; Boden ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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    Die Vergilbungskrankheit der Rübe (1954)
    In:  Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Zentralanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem, Heft 79
    Details
    Publication Date: 1954
    Description: Zusammenfassender Bericht über die in den Jahren 1947-1952 in Westdeutschland durchgeführten Untersuchungen zur Epidemiologie, Verbreitung, wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung und Bekämpfung dieser Virose KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Hauptbefallsgebiete sind solche, mit mildem Winterklima, in denen die langjährigen Mittelwerte des kältesten Monats Januar nicht unter 0°C abfallen; KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T(Sommer)+ und Delta Nied (Sommer) -, dann Delta t(Individualentwicklung der Überträger)- und Massenentwicklung (der Überträger) +; Delta T(Sommer)+ und Delta Nied (Sommer)-, dann Vergilbungsschäden +; Delta T - und Delta Lichtintensität -, dann Wirkung des Virus -;
    Keywords: Westdeutschland ; 1947-1952 ; Infektionskrankheiten ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung ; Düngung
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    Untersuchungen über die Möhrenfliege (Psila rosae F.) in Schleswig-Holstein (1950)
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes, p. 171-172
    Details
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Bericht über die Beobachtungen zur Entwicklung und zum Auftreten der Möhrenfliege unter dem Einfluss der Witterung und der Lage KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung und der Lage auf die Befallsstärke der Fliege KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Lichtintensität +, dann Möhrenfliegenbefall -; Delta Nied +, dann Entwicklung der Maden +; Delta Wind +, dann Befall -
    Keywords: Schleswig-Holstein ; 1948-1949 ; Insekten ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer ; Gemüse
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    Studien über die Bedeutung von Witterung und Mikroklima für den Massenwechsel der Schwarzen Bohnenlaus (Doralis fabae Scop.) (1953)
    In:  Angew. Meteorol., p. 257-275
    Details
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Beobachtungen zu den wichtigsten Massenwechselphasen, welche phänologisch mit Hilfe der Temperatursummenregel ausgewertet wurden sowie Beobachtungen zum Einfluss des Mikroklimas auf die Flugphase KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang zwischen den wichtigsten Massenwechselperioden und der Temperatur, angegeben mit der mittleren Temperatursumme ab dem Eintritt des Vorfrühlings (Schneeglöckchenblüte); Einfluss von flugbegrenzenden Faktoren (Licht, Wind, Niederschlag) und flugbeeinflussenden Faktoren (Temperatur, Luftfeuchtigkeit) KATASTER-DETAIL: Temperatursumme = 160°C, dann Schlüpfen der ersten Fundatrixlarven; Temperatursumme = 360°C, dann Eintreten erster reifer Fundatrizen; Temperatursumme = 600°C, dann Reife der ersten fundatrigenen Fliegen und Anfang des fundatrigenen Zufluges; Temperatursumme = 1000-1050°C, dann Ende des fundatrigenen Zufluges und Anfang des virginogenen Zufluges; temperatursumme = 2280-2420°C, dann Ende des virginogenen Zufluges; Delta Lichtintensität + und Windgeschwindigkeit 〈 0,6m/s und T(Blattoberfläche ) 〉= 17°C, bzw. T (Luft) 〉= 15-16°C und Delta Nied -, dann Abflug +; Delta T +, dann Ablfug +, T 〉 20-26°C, dann Abflug -; Relf = 60%, dann optimaler Bereich für Abflug;
    Keywords: Quedlinburg, Thüringen ; 1949-1952 ; Luftfeuchte ; Klima ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Phänologie ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung
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    Die Abhängigkeit der Aktivität des Kohlgallenrüsslers (Ceutorrhynchus pleurostigma March.) von klimatischen Faktoren (1953)
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt für den deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, p. 143-148
    Details
    Publication Date: 1953
    Description: Bericht über die Untersuchungen zur Frage der Abhängigkeit der Imagines von klimatischen Faktoren KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur, Wind, Sonnenscheindauer, Luftfeuchte) auf die Flugaktivität KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T +: T= 18°C, dann Höchstwert an geschlüpften und geschlechtsreifen Käfern; T 〉 18°C oder T 〈 18°C, dann Zahl an geschlüpften und geschlechtsreifen Käfern -; Delta Sonn +, dann Flugaktivität +; T = 23°C und Relf = 70%, dann Optimum der Flugaktivität; T = 13°C, dann Flugaktivität verhindert Delta Wind +: Wind 〉 1m/s, dann Flugaktivität vermindert, Wind 〉 2m/s, dann Flugaktivität stark gehemmt
    Keywords: Sachsen-Anhalt ; 1951-1952 ; Insekten ; Luftfeuchte ; Korrelationsmethode ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Wind ; Witterung ; Sonnenscheindauer
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    Klimawandel in Nordrhein-Westfalen – Auswirkungen auf Schädlinge und Pilzkrankheiten wichtiger Ackerbaukulturen (2010)
    In:  Münster: proPlant GmbH. http://www.proplant.de/data/2010/ 2010_12_Volk-Richthofen-Johnen_Abschlussbericht- Klimawandel-und-Pflanzenschutz_proPlant.pdf
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010
    Description: Infektionsrisiko für pilzliche, bakterielle und tierische Schädlinge bei Weizen, Winterraps, Kartoffeln, Zuckerrüben und Mais werden für das Szenario A1B abgeschätzt KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Schwerpunkt auf den 8 bedeutensten Krankheiten bei Weizen, Halmbruch, Mehltau, Septoria-Blattdürre, Gelbrost, Braunrost, DTR-Blattdürre, Septoria nodorum und Fusarium, Simulationen mit proPlant.expert und Einteilung in Trendklassen (1-5) von linearer Trend ansteigend (=1) bis abnehmend (=5) KATASTER-DETAIL: Tmit+ (Wettreg 2006, A1B), dann ansteigendes Risiko für Septoria tritici, Braunrost, Mehltau, Fusarium, für Halmbruch und DTR kein ansteigendes Risiko ermittelt Detaillierte Trendübersicht und Beurteilung für einzelne Kulturen und Regionen in NRW siehe Dokument, Anhang
    Keywords: Nordrhein-Westfalen ; 2001-2050 ; Insekten ; Zuckerrüben ; Kartoffeln ; Infektionskrankheiten ; Landwirtschaft ; Mais ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenkrankheit ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Raps ; Modell
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    Bewertung des Risikoausgleichspotentials von Wetterderivaten im Agribusiness am Beispiel der Nordzucker AG (2011)
    In:  Masterarbeit, Kiel
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011
    Description: Ermittlung der Wettervariablen mit dem höchsten Risikoausgleichspotential an 13 untersuchten Standorten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Korrelation von Temperatur, Niederschlag und Sonnenscheinstungen und Zuckerertrag in Norddeutschland KATASTER-DETAIL: Korrelationskoeffizienten von 0,756 bei der Temperatur, einen Wert von -0,845 beim Niederschlag und einen Korrelationskoeffizienten bei den Sonnenstunden von 0,846
    Keywords: Norddeutschland ; 2001 - 2010 ; Zuckerrüben ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Sonnenscheindauer
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    Über den Einfluß des Regens auf die Höhe der Pflanzenerträge. (1948)
    In:  Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde 42:5-11.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Bedeutung Niederschlag und Ertrag KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; Ertrag ; Niederschlag
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    Witterung, Wasserbilanz und Ertragsschwankungen von Feldkulturen (1950)
    In:  Archiv der wiss. Ges. f. Land- und Forstwirtschaft 2
    Details
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Untersuchungen zu Ertragsunterschieden bei Zuckerrüben, Kartoffeln und Hafer durch Errechnen der Wasserbilanz in einzelnen Monaten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss von Temperatur und Niederschlag (=der Wasserbilanz) auf den Ertrag von Zuckerrübe, Hafer und Kartoffel KATASTER-DETAIL: Wasserbilanz (März bis April) ausgeglichen oder leicht positiv, dann Erträge +; Wasserbilanz (Mai bis Juni) stark negativ über mindestens 25 Tage, dann Erträge +; Wasserbilanz (Juli bis September) ausgeglichen, dann Erträge +; Delta T (Frühjahr) +, dann Erträge +; Delta T +, dann Erträge (Zuckerrübe) +; Delta T (außer Juli; bes. Juni) -, dann Erträge (Hafer)+
    Keywords: Niedersachsen, Grossraum Hannover - Göttingen ; 1932-40, 1947-49 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Hafer ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Verdunstung ; Wassermangel
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    Eine Methode zur quantitativen Erfassung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Wetterablauf und Ernteertrag (1948)
    In:  Annalen der Meteorologie, S. 326-328.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Entwicklung eines "Wetterschadensfaktor", der Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung und Ernteertrag beschreibt KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: - KATASTER-DETAIL: -
    Keywords: Schleswig-Holstein ; 1933-42 ; Kartoffeln ; Ertrag ; Korrelationsmethode ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterung
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    Über Beziehungen zwischen Witterungsverlauf und Ertragsleistung bei landwirtschaftlichen Kulturpflanzen im Land Brandenburg, 2. Beitrag: Sommer- und Wintergetreide (1950)
    In:  Zeitschrift für Acker- und Pflanzenbau 92:100-124.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Einteilung der Witterung in Pentaden, Berechnung einer Wetterwertzahl und Bezug zum Ernteertrag KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Niederschlag, Temperatur) auf den Ertrag verschiedener Getreidearten (Sommerweizen, Sommergerste, Sommerroggen, Hafer, Winterweizen, Wintergerste, Winterroggen) KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Tmit (Pentade) 〉 5°C, dann Beginn Vegetationsperiode; Delta Nied (Winter) -, dann Ertrag (Sommergetreidearten) +; Delta Nied (März) -, dann Erträge (Sommerweizen, Sommergerste) +; Delta Nied (Winter) +, dann Erträge (Wintergetreidearten) -; Delta Nied (Winter) -, dann Erträge (Winterweizen, Wintergerste) -; t (T 〉 5°C) + (früher), dann Erträge (Winterweizen, Wintergerste) +; Detaillierte Informationen zu den einzelnen Getreidearten: siehe Artikel
    Keywords: Brandenburg ; 1938-39, 1943 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Weizen ; Wind ; Witterung ; Hackfrüchte
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    Die Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit des zwischen Blüte und Vollreife inAbhängigkeit von den Witterungselementen (1950)
    In:  Diss. Köln.
    Details
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Einfuß der Temperatur, Sonnenscheindauer und des Niederschages auf die Reifedauer des Roggens KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: KATASTER-DETAIL:
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1936-37 ; Ertrag ; Phänologie ; Roggen ; Trockenheit ; Wachstum ; Witterung
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    Klimatische Wasserbilanz in Deutschland (2010)
    In:  Internes Arbeitsmaterial des PIK, .... fs01/guests\Martin.Wodinski\PIK-COLLECTION\SLIDES-POOL\RD2\
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010
    Description: Kalkulation der Klimatischen Wasserbilanz (mm) anhand es PIK/DWD Datensatzes für 1951-2006 im Jahr, und für den Zeitraum 2051-60, Szenario A1B, als Mittel und Differenzkarten KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Jährliche Klimatischen Wasserbilanz WABI (Niederschlag - pot. Verdunstung nach Turc-Ivanov) für Deutschland KATASTER-DETAIL: Zu- bzw. Abnahme der (WABI) 2051-2060 vs. 1951-2006 von 200 - (-100) im Westen der BRD, in Ostdeutschland stärkere, einheitliche Abnahme der WABI um bis zu 300mmm
    Keywords: Deutschland ; 1951-2006, 2051-60 ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Witterungsextreme
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    Die Überwinterung der grünen Pfirsichblattlaus Myzodes persicae (Sulz) und die Auswirkungen der Überwinterungsquellen auf den Massenwechsel im Sommer (1948)
    In:  Nachrichtenblatt für den Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienst, Heft 7/8, p.105-112
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Untersuchungen im Berliner Botanischen Garten, im Institut für Züchtungsforschungen in Müncheberg/Mark und im Obstbezirk des Alten Landes bei Hamburg/Stade über das Auftreten von Larven, die aus überwinterten Eiern auf Obstbäumen geschlüpft sind sowie Untersuchungen zur Temperaturempfindlichkeit der Fundatrix-Larven und der Sommerform von Myzodes Persicae im Labor. KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Zusammenhang ziwschen Temperatur, Niederschlag sowie relativer Luftfeuchte und dem Überwinterungserfolg KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T -, Delta Nied ++, Delta Relf +, dann Myzodes persicae -; T 〈 -9°C, dann Myzodes persicae -; T 〈 -12°C (d 〉 1), dann Tod
    Keywords: Deutschland, Labor ; 1933 - 1948 ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Temperatur
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    Die Zunahme wichtiger Getreideschädlinge als Folge der besonderen Witterungserscheinungen in den letzten Jahren (1950)
    In:  Pflanzenschutz, Jahrgang 2, Nr. 8, p. 95-97
    Details
    Publication Date: 1950
    Description: Beobachtungen zum Auftreten von Roggengallmücke, Halmfliege, Getreidehalmwespe, Hafermilbe und Zwergzikade unter bestimmten Witterungsbedingungen (warme und trockene Sommer und Herbste) KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Einfluss der Witterung (Temperatur und Niederschlag) im Sommer und Herbst auf das Auftreten der Getreideschädlinge KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta T (Sommer und Herbst) + und Delta Nied (Sommer und Hebrst) -, dann Auftreten +; Trockenperioden über mindestens 2 Jahre, dann Massenauftreten
    Keywords: Bayern ; 1947-1950 ; Anbautermine ; Landwirtschaft ; Niederschlag ; Pflanzenschädling ; Roggen ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit ; Weizen ; Witterung
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    Die Ertragsbildung in Rekorderntejahren bei Getreide (1948)
    In:  Zeitschr. Pflanzenernährung, Düngung, Bodenkunde 40: 114-129
    Details
    Publication Date: 1948
    Description: Vergleich der Witterungsfaktoren in den Rekorderntejahren 1933 und 1938 von März bis August KATASTER-BESCHREIBUNG: Identifizierung der wichtigen Zeitabschnitte März-April und Juli-August,hier hohe Temperaturen für Rekordernten unabdingbar KATASTER-DETAIL: Delta Nied - (Frühjahr), dann Ertrag +; Nied (Normal und gleichmäßig), im Mai Delta Nied+, dann Ertrag+
    Keywords: Berlin, Brandenburg ; 1933-1938 ; Ertrag ; Getreide ; Niederschlag ; Temperatur ; Trockenheit
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    Sex bias blights drug studies (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Check Hayden, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):332-3. doi: 10.1038/464332b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20237530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Biomedical Research/*methods ; Clinical Trials as Topic/methods ; Drug Evaluation/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Selection ; Prejudice ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Distribution
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Human genome at ten: Life is complicated (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Check Hayden, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 1;464(7289):664-7. doi: 10.1038/464664a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20360709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Data Mining ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/history/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; *Models, Biological ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Neoplasms/genetics/therapy ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics/metabolism ; Sea Urchins/embryology/genetics ; Systems Biology/*trends ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Can conservation cut poverty? (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, Natasha -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):264-5. doi: 10.1038/467264a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20844511" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Child ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Hominidae ; Humans ; Malnutrition/epidemiology ; Poverty/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Rivers/chemistry ; United Nations ; Water Supply/statistics & numerical data
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    A full accounting (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 24;465(7301):985-6. doi: 10.1038/465985b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20577163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disasters/*economics ; *Ecosystem ; Federal Government ; Industry/*economics ; Insurance/economics/*trends/utilization ; Petroleum/*adverse effects ; Risk ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    River chief resigns (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pincock, Stephen -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 9;468(7325):744. doi: 10.1038/468744a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21150966" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/methods ; Animals ; Australia ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; *Ecosystem ; Endangered Species ; Environmental Policy ; *Leadership ; *Rivers/chemistry ; *Water Supply/analysis/economics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Wnt11 patterns a myocardial electrical gradient through regulation of the L-type Ca(2+) channel (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-27
    Description: Electrical gradients are critical for many biological processes, including the normal function of excitable tissues, left-right patterning, organogenesis and wound healing. The fundamental mechanisms that regulate the establishment and maintenance of such electrical polarities are poorly understood. Here we identify a gradient of electrical coupling across the developing ventricular myocardium using high-speed optical mapping of transmembrane potentials and calcium concentrations in the zebrafish heart. We excluded a role for differences in cellular excitability, connexin localization, tissue geometry and mechanical inputs, but in contrast we were able to demonstrate that non-canonical Wnt11 signals are required for the genesis of this myocardial electrical gradient. Although the traditional planar cell polarity pathway is not involved, we obtained evidence that Wnt11 acts to set up this gradient of electrical coupling through effects on transmembrane Ca(2+) conductance mediated by the L-type calcium channel. These data reveal a previously unrecognized role for Wnt/Ca(2+) signalling in establishing an electrical gradient in the plane of the developing cardiac epithelium through modulation of ion-channel function. The regulation of cellular coupling through such mechanisms may be a general property of non-canonical Wnt signals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921013/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921013/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Panakova, Daniela -- Werdich, Andreas A -- Macrae, Calum A -- K08 HL068711/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075946/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075946-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075946-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075946-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075946-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 HL098938/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 HL098938-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 12;466(7308):874-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09249. Epub 2010 Jul 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Division, 75 Francis Street, Thorn 11, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20657579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; *Electric Conductivity ; Heart/embryology ; Ion Channel Gating/*physiology ; Myocardium/cytology/*metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Wnt Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Zebrafish/*embryology/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
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    Palaeontology: Muddy tetrapod origins (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janvier, Philippe -- Clement, Gael -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 7;463(7277):40-1. doi: 10.1038/463040a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20054387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Chordata/anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Extremities/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Fossils ; Gait/physiology ; History, Ancient ; Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Poland
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    The real holes in climate science (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiermeier, Quirin -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 21;463(7279):284-7. doi: 10.1038/463284a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20090725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols/analysis ; Animals ; Atmosphere/chemistry ; *Ecology/methods/standards ; Electronic Mail ; Geography ; *Global Warming ; Great Britain ; Human Activities ; Models, Theoretical ; Rain ; Snow ; Trees/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; *Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    The primate connection (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trivedi, Bijal -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):S5. doi: 10.1038/nature09236.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Chronic Disease ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; HIV Infections/*immunology/physiopathology/virology ; HIV-1/genetics/growth & development/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology/pathology ; Interleukin-17/immunology ; Macaca/immunology/virology ; Male ; Physiology, Comparative/methods ; Primates/*immunology/metabolism/*virology ; Receptors, HIV/metabolism ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/metabolism/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/classification/genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology/pathology ; Viral Load
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    Males still dominate animal studies (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zucker, Irving -- Beery, Annaliese K -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):690. doi: 10.1038/465690a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departmentsof Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. irvzuck@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535186" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Biomedical Research/ethics/*methods/trends ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Factors
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    IkappaBzeta regulates T(H)17 development by cooperating with ROR nuclear receptors (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-13
    Description: Interleukin (IL)-17-producing helper T (T(H)17) cells are a distinct T-cell subset characterized by its pathological role in autoimmune diseases. IL-6 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induce T(H)17 development, in which the orphan nuclear receptors, RORgammat and RORalpha, have an indispensable role. However, in the absence of IL-6 and TGF-beta, the ectopic expression of RORgammat or RORalpha leads to only a modest IL-17 production. Here we identify a nuclear IkappaB family member, IkappaBzeta (encoded by the Nfkbiz gene), as a transcription factor required for T(H)17 development in mice. The ectopic expression of IkappaBzeta in naive CD4(+) T cells together with RORgammat or RORalpha potently induces T(H)17 development, even in the absence of IL-6 and TGF-beta. Notably, Nfkbiz(-/-) mice have a defect in T(H)17 development and a resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The T-cell-intrinsic function of IkappaBzeta was clearly demonstrated by the resistance to EAE of the Rag2(-/-) mice into which Nfkbiz(-/-) CD4(+) T cells were transferred. In cooperation with RORgammat and RORalpha, IkappaBzeta enhances Il17a expression by binding directly to the regulatory region of the Il17a gene. This study provides evidence for the transcriptional mechanisms underlying T(H)17 development and points to a molecular basis for a novel therapeutic strategy against autoimmune disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okamoto, Kazuo -- Iwai, Yoshiko -- Oh-Hora, Masatsugu -- Yamamoto, Masahiro -- Morio, Tomohiro -- Aoki, Kazuhiro -- Ohya, Keiichi -- Jetten, Anton M -- Akira, Shizuo -- Muta, Tatsushi -- Takayanagi, Hiroshi -- Z01-ES-101586/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1381-5. doi: 10.1038/nature08922. Epub 2010 Apr 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20383124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Coculture Techniques ; Dendritic Cells/cytology/immunology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Interleukin-17/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/genetics/*metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*cytology/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Stem cells: Troublesome memories (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zwaka, Thomas P -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):280-1. doi: 10.1038/467280a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20844526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Cell Lineage/*genetics ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics ; *DNA Methylation/genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Organ Specificity/genetics
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    Amygdalar and hippocampal substrates of anxious temperament differ in their heritability (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-13
    Description: Anxious temperament (AT) in human and non-human primates is a trait-like phenotype evident early in life that is characterized by increased behavioural and physiological reactivity to mildly threatening stimuli. Studies in children demonstrate that AT is an important risk factor for the later development of anxiety disorders, depression and comorbid substance abuse. Despite its importance as an early predictor of psychopathology, little is known about the factors that predispose vulnerable children to develop AT and the brain systems that underlie its expression. To characterize the neural circuitry associated with AT and the extent to which the function of this circuit is heritable, we studied a large sample of rhesus monkeys phenotyped for AT. Using 238 young monkeys from a multigenerational single-family pedigree, we simultaneously assessed brain metabolic activity and AT while monkeys were exposed to the relevant ethological condition that elicits the phenotype. High-resolution (18)F-labelled deoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) was selected as the imaging modality because it provides semi-quantitative indices of absolute glucose metabolic rate, allows for simultaneous measurement of behaviour and brain activity, and has a time course suited for assessing temperament-associated sustained brain responses. Here we demonstrate that the central nucleus region of the amygdala and the anterior hippocampus are key components of the neural circuit predictive of AT. We also show significant heritability of the AT phenotype by using quantitative genetic analysis. Additionally, using voxelwise analyses, we reveal significant heritability of metabolic activity in AT-associated hippocampal regions. However, activity in the amygdala region predictive of AT is not significantly heritable. Furthermore, the heritabilities of the hippocampal and amygdala regions significantly differ from each other. Even though these structures are closely linked, the results suggest differential influences of genes and environment on how these brain regions mediate AT and the ongoing risk of developing anxiety and depression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2998538/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2998538/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oler, Jonathan A -- Fox, Andrew S -- Shelton, Steven E -- Rogers, Jeffrey -- Dyer, Thomas D -- Davidson, Richard J -- Shelledy, Wendy -- Oakes, Terrence R -- Blangero, John -- Kalin, Ned H -- MH018931/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH046729/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH059490/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH081884/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH084051/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH084051/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH084051-030001/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH046729/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH046729-17/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081884/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081884-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH059490/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH059490-13/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 12;466(7308):864-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09282.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/*metabolism ; Animals ; Anxiety/*genetics/*physiopathology ; Depression/genetics ; Female ; Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Glucose/metabolism ; *Heredity ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; Macaca mulatta/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Stress, Psychological ; Temperament/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/metabolism ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Scientists wanted (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 18;468(7322):346. doi: 10.1038/468346a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21085130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Emigration and Immigration/*legislation & jurisprudence/*statistics & numerical ; data ; Employment/statistics & numerical data ; Great Britain ; Internationality ; Research Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence/standards/*statistics & numerical ; data ; Science/*manpower/standards
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    Histone H2A deubiquitinase activity of the Polycomb repressive complex PR-DUB (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-04
    Description: Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are transcriptional repressors that control processes ranging from the maintenance of cell fate decisions and stem cell pluripotency in animals to the control of flowering time in plants. In Drosophila, genetic studies identified more than 15 different PcG proteins that are required to repress homeotic (HOX) and other developmental regulator genes in cells where they must stay inactive. Biochemical analyses established that these PcG proteins exist in distinct multiprotein complexes that bind to and modify chromatin of target genes. Among those, Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and the related dRing-associated factors (dRAF) complex contain an E3 ligase activity for monoubiquitination of histone H2A (refs 1-4). Here we show that the uncharacterized Drosophila PcG gene calypso encodes the ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase BAP1. Biochemically purified Calypso exists in a complex with the PcG protein ASX, and this complex, named Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB), is bound at PcG target genes in Drosophila. Reconstituted recombinant Drosophila and human PR-DUB complexes remove monoubiquitin from H2A but not from H2B in nucleosomes. Drosophila mutants lacking PR-DUB show a strong increase in the levels of monoubiquitinated H2A. A mutation that disrupts the catalytic activity of Calypso, or absence of the ASX subunit abolishes H2A deubiquitination in vitro and HOX gene repression in vivo. Polycomb gene silencing may thus entail a dynamic balance between H2A ubiquitination by PRC1 and dRAF, and H2A deubiquitination by PR-DUB.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3182123/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3182123/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scheuermann, Johanna C -- de Ayala Alonso, Andres Gaytan -- Oktaba, Katarzyna -- Ly-Hartig, Nga -- McGinty, Robert K -- Fraterman, Sven -- Wilm, Matthias -- Muir, Tom W -- Muller, Jurg -- R01 GM086868/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086868-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RC2 CA148354/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 CA148354-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RC2CA148354/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 13;465(7295):243-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08966. Epub 2010 May 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20436459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Biocatalysis ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, Homeobox/genetics ; Genes, Insect/genetics ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Nucleosomes/chemistry/metabolism ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination/*physiology
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    Role of Tet proteins in 5mC to 5hmC conversion, ES-cell self-renewal and inner cell mass specification (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-20
    Description: DNA methylation is one of the best-characterized epigenetic modifications. Although the enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation have been characterized, enzymes responsible for demethylation have been elusive. A recent study indicates that the human TET1 protein could catalyse the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) of DNA to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), raising the possibility that DNA demethylation may be a Tet1-mediated process. Here we extend this study by demonstrating that all three mouse Tet proteins (Tet1, Tet2 and Tet3) can also catalyse a similar reaction. Tet1 has an important role in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell maintenance through maintaining the expression of Nanog in ES cells. Downregulation of Nanog via Tet1 knockdown correlates with methylation of the Nanog promoter, supporting a role for Tet1 in regulating DNA methylation status. Furthermore, knockdown of Tet1 in pre-implantation embryos results in a bias towards trophectoderm differentiation. Thus, our studies not only uncover the enzymatic activity of the Tet proteins, but also demonstrate a role for Tet1 in ES cell maintenance and inner cell mass cell specification.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491567/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491567/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Shinsuke -- D'Alessio, Ana C -- Taranova, Olena V -- Hong, Kwonho -- Sowers, Lawrence C -- Zhang, Yi -- CA084487/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM68804/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):1129-33. doi: 10.1038/nature09303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20639862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Methylcytosine/*metabolism ; Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism ; Animals ; Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass/*metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
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    Competition drives cooperation among closely related sperm of deer mice (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-01-22
    Description: Among the extraordinary adaptations driven by sperm competition is the cooperative behaviour of spermatozoa. By forming cooperative groups, sperm can increase their swimming velocity and thereby gain an advantage in intermale sperm competition. Accordingly, selection should favour cooperation of the most closely related sperm to maximize fitness. Here we show that sperm of deer mice (genus Peromyscus) form motile aggregations, then we use this system to test predictions of sperm cooperation. We find that sperm aggregate more often with conspecific than heterospecific sperm, suggesting that individual sperm can discriminate on the basis of genetic relatedness. Next, we provide evidence that the cooperative behaviour of closely related sperm is driven by sperm competition. In a monogamous species lacking sperm competition, Peromyscus polionotus, sperm indiscriminately group with unrelated conspecific sperm. In contrast, in the highly promiscuous deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, sperm are significantly more likely to aggregate with those obtained from the same male than with sperm from an unrelated conspecific donor. Even when we test sperm from sibling males, we continue to see preferential aggregations of related sperm in P. maniculatus. These results suggest that sperm from promiscuous deer mice discriminate among relatives and thereby cooperate with the most closely related sperm, an adaptation likely to have been driven by sperm competition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824558/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824558/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, Heidi S -- Hoekstra, Hopi E -- F32 GM084719/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM084719-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 11;463(7282):801-3. doi: 10.1038/nature08736. Epub 2010 Jan 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. hfisher@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20090679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Aggregation ; Competitive Behavior/*physiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Copulation/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Peromyscus/*classification/*physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Species Specificity ; Sperm Motility/physiology ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
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    Vision: Fisheye views (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lincoln, Tim -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):990. doi: 10.1038/464990a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20393551" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air ; Animals ; Perciformes/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Retina/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Rivers ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology
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    Regulation of myeloid leukaemia by the cell-fate determinant Musashi (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-20
    Description: Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) can progress from a slow growing chronic phase to an aggressive blast crisis phase, but the molecular basis of this transition remains poorly understood. Here we have used mouse models of CML to show that disease progression is regulated by the Musashi-Numb signalling axis. Specifically, we find that the chronic phase is marked by high levels of Numb expression whereas the blast crisis phase has low levels of Numb expression, and that ectopic expression of Numb promotes differentiation and impairs advanced-phase disease in vivo. As a possible explanation for the decreased levels of Numb in the blast crisis phase, we show that NUP98-HOXA9, an oncogene associated with blast crisis CML, can trigger expression of the RNA-binding protein Musashi2 (Msi2), which in turn represses Numb. Notably, loss of Msi2 restores Numb expression and significantly impairs the development and propagation of blast crisis CML in vitro and in vivo. Finally we show that Msi2 expression is not only highly upregulated during human CML progression but is also an early indicator of poorer prognosis. These data show that the Musashi-Numb pathway can control the differentiation of CML cells, and raise the possibility that targeting this pathway may provide a new strategy for the therapy of aggressive leukaemias.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2918284/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2918284/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ito, Takahiro -- Kwon, Hyog Young -- Zimdahl, Bryan -- Congdon, Kendra L -- Blum, Jordan -- Lento, William E -- Zhao, Chen -- Lagoo, Anand -- Gerrard, Gareth -- Foroni, Letizia -- Goldman, John -- Goh, Harriet -- Kim, Soo-Hyun -- Kim, Dong-Wook -- Chuah, Charles -- Oehler, Vivian G -- Radich, Jerald P -- Jordan, Craig T -- Reya, Tannishtha -- AI067798/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA122206/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA140371/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA18029/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK072234/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK63031/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DP1 CA174422/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD006430/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD006430-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD006430-02/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD006430/OD/NIH HHS/ -- HL097767/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA018029/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA140371/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-01S1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-06/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-07/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-07S1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK063031-08/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK072234-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097767/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097767-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097767-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007184-33/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-010006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-020006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-030006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-040006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067798-050006/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 5;466(7307):765-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09171. Epub 2010 Jul 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20639863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blast Crisis/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Disease Progression ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics/metabolism ; Prognosis ; RNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor, Notch1/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; Up-Regulation
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    The sequencers (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chi, Kelly Rae -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 13;465(7295):256-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20549837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Genome/genetics ; Genomics/economics/instrumentation/*manpower/*trends ; Humans ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics/instrumentation/statistics & numerical ; data/trends ; Software ; Viruses/genetics/isolation & purification
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    Thousands of chemical starting points for antimalarial lead identification (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-21
    Description: Malaria is a devastating infection caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. Drug resistance is widespread, no new chemical class of antimalarials has been introduced into clinical practice since 1996 and there is a recent rise of parasite strains with reduced sensitivity to the newest drugs. We screened nearly 2 million compounds in GlaxoSmithKline's chemical library for inhibitors of P. falciparum, of which 13,533 were confirmed to inhibit parasite growth by at least 80% at 2 microM concentration. More than 8,000 also showed potent activity against the multidrug resistant strain Dd2. Most (82%) compounds originate from internal company projects and are new to the malaria community. Analyses using historic assay data suggest several novel mechanisms of antimalarial action, such as inhibition of protein kinases and host-pathogen interaction related targets. Chemical structures and associated data are hereby made public to encourage additional drug lead identification efforts and further research into this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gamo, Francisco-Javier -- Sanz, Laura M -- Vidal, Jaume -- de Cozar, Cristina -- Alvarez, Emilio -- Lavandera, Jose-Luis -- Vanderwall, Dana E -- Green, Darren V S -- Kumar, Vinod -- Hasan, Samiul -- Brown, James R -- Peishoff, Catherine E -- Cardon, Lon R -- Garcia-Bustos, Jose F -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 20;465(7296):305-10. doi: 10.1038/nature09107.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20485427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimalarials/*analysis/chemistry/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Drug Discovery ; Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/*drug therapy/parasitology ; Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Plasmodium falciparum/*drug effects/enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Small Molecule Libraries/*analysis/chemistry/*pharmacology/toxicity
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    Induction of tumour immunity by targeted inhibition of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-14
    Description: The main reason why tumours are not controlled by the immune system is that, unlike pathogens, they do not express potent tumour rejection antigens (TRAs). Tumour vaccination aims at stimulating a systemic immune response targeted to, mostly weak, antigens expressed in the disseminated tumour lesions. Main challenges in developing effective vaccination protocols are the identification of potent and broadly expressed TRAs and effective adjuvants to stimulate a robust and durable immune response. Here we describe an alternative approach in which the expression of new, and thereby potent, antigens are induced in tumour cells by inhibiting nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay (NMD). Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated inhibition of NMD in tumour cells led to the expression of new antigenic determinants and their immune-mediated rejection. In subcutaneous and metastatic tumour models, tumour-targeted delivery of NMD factor-specific siRNAs conjugated to oligonucleotide aptamer ligands led to significant inhibition of tumour growth that was superior to that of vaccination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expressing irradiated tumour cells, and could be further enhanced by co-stimulation. Tumour-targeted NMD inhibition forms the basis of a simple, broadly useful, and clinically feasible approach to enhance the antigenicity of disseminated tumours leading to their immune recognition and rejection. The cell-free chemically synthesized oligonucleotide backbone of aptamer-siRNAs reduces the risk of immunogenicity and enhances the feasibility of generating reagents suitable for clinical use.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3107067/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3107067/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pastor, Fernando -- Kolonias, Despina -- Giangrande, Paloma H -- Gilboa, Eli -- R01 CA138503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA151857-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 13;465(7295):227-30. doi: 10.1038/nature08999.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dodson Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, Florida 33134, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20463739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*genetics/*immunology ; Aptamers, Nucleotide/genetics ; Cancer Vaccines/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chickens/genetics ; Colonic Neoplasms/*genetics/*immunology/pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; RNA Interference ; RNA Stability/*genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics/therapeutic use ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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    Neuroscience: Sexy circuits (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benton, Richard -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 2;468(7324):638-40. doi: 10.1038/468638a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21124442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/pharmacology ; Animals ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*cytology/*drug effects/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques/methods ; Oleic Acids/pharmacology ; Olfactory Pathways/anatomy & histology/cytology/*drug effects ; Olfactory Perception/drug effects/physiology ; Pheromones/*pharmacology ; Sensory Receptor Cells/drug effects/physiology ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
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    Lkb1 regulates quiescence and metabolic homeostasis of haematopoietic stem cells (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-12-03
    Description: The capacity to fine-tune cellular bioenergetics with the demands of stem-cell maintenance and regeneration is central to normal development and ageing, and to organismal survival during periods of acute stress. How energy metabolism and stem-cell homeostatic processes are coordinated is not well understood. Lkb1 acts as an evolutionarily conserved regulator of cellular energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells and functions as the major upstream kinase to phosphorylate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and 12 other AMPK-related kinases. Whether Lkb1 regulates stem-cell maintenance remains unknown. Here we show that Lkb1 has an essential role in haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. We demonstrate that ablation of Lkb1 in adult mice results in severe pancytopenia and subsequent lethality. Loss of Lkb1 leads to impaired survival and escape from quiescence of HSCs, resulting in exhaustion of the HSC pool and a marked reduction of HSC repopulating potential in vivo. Lkb1 deletion has an impact on cell proliferation in HSCs, but not on more committed compartments, pointing to context-specific functions for Lkb1 in haematopoiesis. The adverse impact of Lkb1 deletion on haematopoiesis was predominantly cell-autonomous and mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-independent, and involves multiple mechanisms converging on mitochondrial apoptosis and possibly downregulation of PGC-1 coactivators and their transcriptional network, which have critical roles in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Thus, Lkb1 serves as an essential regulator of HSCs and haematopoiesis, and more generally, points to the critical importance of coupling energy metabolism and stem-cell homeostasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058342/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058342/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gan, Boyi -- Hu, Jian -- Jiang, Shan -- Liu, Yingchun -- Sahin, Ergun -- Zhuang, Li -- Fletcher-Sananikone, Eliot -- Colla, Simona -- Wang, Y Alan -- Chin, Lynda -- Depinho, Ronald A -- 01CA141508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA135057/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA135057-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21CA135057/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA141508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA141508-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 2;468(7324):701-4. doi: 10.1038/nature09595.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21124456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle/*physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism/pathology ; *Homeostasis ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/metabolism/pathology ; Multiprotein Complexes ; Pancytopenia/genetics ; Phenotype ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; Survival Analysis ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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    Blood-vessel formation: Bridges that guide and unite (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmidt, Thomas -- Carmeliet, Peter -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):697-9. doi: 10.1038/465697a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Vessels/*cytology/*growth & development ; Cell Fusion ; Endothelial Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Macrophages/*cytology/*physiology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology/physiopathology ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/*physiology ; Pseudopodia/physiology
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    The killing fields (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 23;467(7314):368. doi: 10.1038/467368a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20864950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*methods ; Animals ; Cattle ; Disease Reservoirs/microbiology/*statistics & numerical data/*veterinary ; *Federal Government ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; *Mustelidae/microbiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tuberculosis Vaccines ; Tuberculosis, Bovine/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Vaccination/veterinary
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    Genome-wide RNAi screen identifies human host factors crucial for influenza virus replication (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-01-19
    Description: Influenza A virus, being responsible for seasonal epidemics and reoccurring pandemics, represents a worldwide threat to public health. High mutation rates facilitate the generation of viral escape mutants, rendering vaccines and drugs directed against virus-encoded targets potentially ineffective. In contrast, targeting host cell determinants temporarily dispensable for the host but crucial for virus replication could prevent viral escape. Here we report the discovery of 287 human host cell genes influencing influenza A virus replication in a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen. Using an independent assay we confirmed 168 hits (59%) inhibiting either the endemic H1N1 (119 hits) or the current pandemic swine-origin (121 hits) influenza A virus strains, with an overlap of 60%. Notably, a subset of these common hits was also essential for replication of a highly pathogenic avian H5N1 strain. In-depth analyses of several factors provided insights into their infection stage relevance. Notably, SON DNA binding protein (SON) was found to be important for normal trafficking of influenza virions to late endosomes early in infection. We also show that a small molecule inhibitor of CDC-like kinase 1 (CLK1) reduces influenza virus replication by more than two orders of magnitude, an effect connected with impaired splicing of the viral M2 messenger RNA. Furthermore, influenza-virus-infected p27(-/-) (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; Cdkn1b) mice accumulated significantly lower viral titres in the lung, providing in vivo evidence for the importance of this gene. Thus, our results highlight the potency of genome-wide RNAi screening for the dissection of virus-host interactions and the identification of drug targets for a broad range of influenza viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karlas, Alexander -- Machuy, Nikolaus -- Shin, Yujin -- Pleissner, Klaus-Peter -- Artarini, Anita -- Heuer, Dagmar -- Becker, Daniel -- Khalil, Hany -- Ogilvie, Lesley A -- Hess, Simone -- Maurer, Andre P -- Muller, Elke -- Wolff, Thorsten -- Rudel, Thomas -- Meyer, Thomas F -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 11;463(7282):818-22. doi: 10.1038/nature08760. Epub 2010 Jan 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Department, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20081832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/virology ; Genome, Human/genetics ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification/*growth & development ; Influenza, Human/*genetics/*virology ; Lung/cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; *RNA Interference ; Virus Replication/*physiology
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    Origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in gorillas (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-25
    Description: Plasmodium falciparum is the most prevalent and lethal of the malaria parasites infecting humans, yet the origin and evolutionary history of this important pathogen remain controversial. Here we develop a single-genome amplification strategy to identify and characterize Plasmodium spp. DNA sequences in faecal samples from wild-living apes. Among nearly 3,000 specimens collected from field sites throughout central Africa, we found Plasmodium infection in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and western gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), but not in eastern gorillas (Gorilla beringei) or bonobos (Pan paniscus). Ape plasmodial infections were highly prevalent, widely distributed and almost always made up of mixed parasite species. Analysis of more than 1,100 mitochondrial, apicoplast and nuclear gene sequences from chimpanzees and gorillas revealed that 99% grouped within one of six host-specific lineages representing distinct Plasmodium species within the subgenus Laverania. One of these from western gorillas comprised parasites that were nearly identical to P. falciparum. In phylogenetic analyses of full-length mitochondrial sequences, human P. falciparum formed a monophyletic lineage within the gorilla parasite radiation. These findings indicate that P. falciparum is of gorilla origin and not of chimpanzee, bonobo or ancient human origin.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2997044/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2997044/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Weimin -- Li, Yingying -- Learn, Gerald H -- Rudicell, Rebecca S -- Robertson, Joel D -- Keele, Brandon F -- Ndjango, Jean-Bosco N -- Sanz, Crickette M -- Morgan, David B -- Locatelli, Sabrina -- Gonder, Mary K -- Kranzusch, Philip J -- Walsh, Peter D -- Delaporte, Eric -- Mpoudi-Ngole, Eitel -- Georgiev, Alexander V -- Muller, Martin N -- Shaw, George M -- Peeters, Martine -- Sharp, Paul M -- Rayner, Julian C -- Hahn, Beatrice H -- P30 AI 7767/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI027767-21A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058715/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058715-06A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI058715-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI50529/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 I58715/PHS HHS/ -- R03 AI074778/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R03 AI074778-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529-07/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI050529-08/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007245/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007245-26/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008111/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008111-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI 067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067854/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI067854-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 23;467(7314):420-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09442.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20864995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa/epidemiology ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/classification/parasitology ; Ape Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology/transmission ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Feces/parasitology ; Genes, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Genetic Variation/genetics ; Genome, Protozoan/genetics ; Gorilla gorilla/classification/*parasitology ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology/*parasitology/transmission/*veterinary ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan paniscus/parasitology ; Pan troglodytes/parasitology ; Phylogeny ; Plasmodium/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Plasmodium falciparum/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Prevalence ; Zoonoses/parasitology/transmission
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    Biopiracy rules should not block biological control (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cock, Matthew -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 23;467(7314):369. doi: 10.1038/467369a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CABI, Delemont, Switzerland. m.cock@cabi.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20864952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; International Cooperation/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Manihot ; Pest Control, Biological/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; South America ; Theft/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; Wasps
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    A bony connection signals laryngeal echolocation in bats (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-01-26
    Description: Echolocation is an active form of orientation in which animals emit sounds and then listen to reflected echoes of those sounds to form images of their surroundings in their brains. Although echolocation is usually associated with bats, it is not characteristic of all bats. Most echolocating bats produce signals in the larynx, but within one family of mainly non-echolocating species (Pteropodidae), a few species use echolocation sounds produced by tongue clicks. Here we demonstrate, using data obtained from micro-computed tomography scans of 26 species (n = 35 fluid-preserved bats), that proximal articulation of the stylohyal bone (part of the mammalian hyoid apparatus) with the tympanic bone always distinguishes laryngeally echolocating bats from all other bats (that is, non-echolocating pteropodids and those that echolocate with tongue clicks). In laryngeally echolocating bats, the proximal end of the stylohyal bone directly articulates with the tympanic bone and is often fused with it. Previous research on the morphology of the stylohyal bone in the oldest known fossil bat (Onychonycteris finneyi) suggested that it did not echolocate, but our findings suggest that O. finneyi may have used laryngeal echolocation because its stylohyal bones may have articulated with its tympanic bones. The present findings reopen basic questions about the timing and the origin of flight and echolocation in the early evolution of bats. Our data also provide an independent anatomical character by which to distinguish laryngeally echolocating bats from other bats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veselka, Nina -- McErlain, David D -- Holdsworth, David W -- Eger, Judith L -- Chhem, Rethy K -- Mason, Matthew J -- Brain, Kirsty L -- Faure, Paul A -- Fenton, M Brock -- MOP-89852/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):939-42. doi: 10.1038/nature08737. Epub 2010 Jan 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Robarts Research Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20098413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Bone Conduction/*physiology ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Chiroptera/*anatomy & histology/classification/*physiology ; Ear/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Echolocation/*physiology ; Flight, Animal/physiology ; Fossils ; Larynx/*physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Skull/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Tongue/physiology
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    Enzyme-inhibitor-like tuning of Ca(2+) channel connectivity with calmodulin (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-09
    Description: Ca(2+) channels and calmodulin (CaM) are two prominent signalling hubs that synergistically affect functions as diverse as cardiac excitability, synaptic plasticity and gene transcription. It is therefore fitting that these hubs are in some sense coordinated, as the opening of Ca(V)1-2 Ca(2+) channels are regulated by a single CaM constitutively complexed with channels. The Ca(2+)-free form of CaM (apoCaM) is already pre-associated with the isoleucine-glutamine (IQ) domain on the channel carboxy terminus, and subsequent Ca(2+) binding to this 'resident' CaM drives conformational changes that then trigger regulation of channel opening. Another potential avenue for channel-CaM coordination could arise from the absence of Ca(2+) regulation in channels lacking a pre-associated CaM. Natural fluctuations in CaM concentrations might then influence the fraction of regulable channels and, thereby, the overall strength of Ca(2+) feedback. However, the prevailing view has been that the ultrastrong affinity of channels for apoCaM ensures their saturation with CaM, yielding a significant form of concentration independence between Ca(2+) channels and CaM. Here we show that significant exceptions to this autonomy exist, by combining electrophysiology (to characterize channel regulation) with optical fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor determination of free-apoCaM concentration in live cells. This approach translates quantitative CaM biochemistry from the traditional test-tube context into the realm of functioning holochannels within intact cells. From this perspective, we find that long splice forms of Ca(V)1.3 and Ca(V)1.4 channels include a distal carboxy tail that resembles an enzyme competitive inhibitor that retunes channel affinity for apoCaM such that natural CaM variations affect the strength of Ca(2+) feedback modulation. Given the ubiquity of these channels, the connection between ambient CaM levels and Ca(2+) entry through channels is broadly significant for Ca(2+) homeostasis. Strategies such as ours promise key advances for the in situ analysis of signalling molecules resistant to in vitro reconstitution, such as Ca(2+) channels.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3553577/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3553577/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Xiaodong -- Yang, Philemon S -- Yang, Wanjun -- Yue, David T -- P30 DC005211/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC000276/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):968-72. doi: 10.1038/nature08766. Epub 2010 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Calcium Signals Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Building, Room 713, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20139964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Apoproteins/analysis/metabolism ; Binding, Competitive/drug effects ; Calcium/analysis/metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/analysis/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Electrophysiology ; *Feedback, Physiological ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
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    Sister chromosome pairing maintains heterozygosity in parthenogenetic lizards (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-23
    Description: Although bisexual reproduction has proven to be highly successful, parthenogenetic all-female populations occur frequently in certain taxa, including the whiptail lizards of the genus Aspidoscelis. Allozyme analysis revealed a high degree of fixed heterozygosity in these parthenogenetic species, supporting the view that they originated from hybridization events between related sexual species. It has remained unclear how the meiotic program is altered to produce diploid eggs while maintaining heterozygosity. Here we show that meiosis commences with twice the number of chromosomes in parthenogenetic versus sexual species, a mechanism that provides the basis for generating gametes with unreduced chromosome content without fundamental deviation from the classic meiotic program. Our observation of synaptonemal complexes and chiasmata demonstrate that a typical meiotic program occurs and that heterozygosity is not maintained by bypassing recombination. Instead, fluorescent in situ hybridization probes that distinguish between homologues reveal that bivalents form between sister chromosomes, the genetically identical products of the first of two premeiotic replication cycles. Sister chromosome pairing provides a mechanism for the maintenance of heterozygosity, which is critical for offsetting the reduced fitness associated with the lack of genetic diversity in parthenogenetic species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2840635/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2840635/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lutes, Aracely A -- Neaves, William B -- Baumann, Diana P -- Wiegraebe, Winfried -- Baumann, Peter -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 11;464(7286):283-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08818. Epub 2010 Feb 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20173738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Pairing/*genetics ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Crossing Over, Genetic/genetics ; Female ; *Heterozygote ; Lizards/*genetics ; Meiosis/genetics ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Oocytes/cytology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Telomere/genetics
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    Biological imaging: Beyond fluorescence (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Bruce E -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 23;467(7314):407-8. doi: 10.1038/467407a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20864989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes/analysis/chemistry ; Infrared Rays ; Light ; Microscopy/*methods ; Molecular Imaging/*methods ; Nanoparticles/*analysis/*chemistry ; Particle Size ; Photobleaching ; Photons ; Quantum Dots
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    Chemical genetics strategy identifies an HCV NS5A inhibitor with a potent clinical effect (2010)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-23
    Description: The worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is estimated to be approaching 200 million people. Current therapy relies upon a combination of pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin, a poorly tolerated regimen typically associated with less than 50% sustained virological response rate in those infected with genotype 1 virus. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents to treat HCV has focused predominantly on inhibitors of the viral enzymes NS3 protease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5B. Here we describe the profile of BMS-790052, a small molecule inhibitor of the HCV NS5A protein that exhibits picomolar half-maximum effective concentrations (EC(50)) towards replicons expressing a broad range of HCV genotypes and the JFH-1 genotype 2a infectious virus in cell culture. In a phase I clinical trial in patients chronically infected with HCV, administration of a single 100-mg dose of BMS-790052 was associated with a 3.3 log(10) reduction in mean viral load measured 24 h post-dose that was sustained for an additional 120 h in two patients infected with genotype 1b virus. Genotypic analysis of samples taken at baseline, 24 and 144 h post-dose revealed that the major HCV variants observed had substitutions at amino-acid positions identified using the in vitro replicon system. These results provide the first clinical validation of an inhibitor of HCV NS5A, a protein with no known enzymatic function, as an approach to the suppression of virus replication that offers potential as part of a therapeutic regimen based on combinations of HCV inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gao, Min -- Nettles, Richard E -- Belema, Makonen -- Snyder, Lawrence B -- Nguyen, Van N -- Fridell, Robert A -- Serrano-Wu, Michael H -- Langley, David R -- Sun, Jin-Hua -- O'Boyle, Donald R 2nd -- Lemm, Julie A -- Wang, Chunfu -- Knipe, Jay O -- Chien, Caly -- Colonno, Richard J -- Grasela, Dennis M -- Meanwell, Nicholas A -- Hamann, Lawrence G -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 6;465(7294):96-100. doi: 10.1038/nature08960. Epub 2010 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20410884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/blood/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; Genotype ; HeLa Cells ; Hepacivirus/*drug effects ; Hepatitis C/drug therapy/virology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/blood/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Vero Cells ; Viral Load/drug effects ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Young Adult
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    Evolutionary biology: Oh sibling, who art thou? (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cockburn, Andrew -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 19;466(7309):930-1. doi: 10.1038/466930a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20725030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification/genetics/*physiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Fathers ; Female ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Mothers ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction/genetics/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; *Siblings
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Stem cells: Cues from steroid hormones (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lydon, John P -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):695-6. doi: 10.1038/465695a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Division ; Estrogens/*metabolism ; Estrous Cycle/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lactation/physiology ; Mammary Glands, Animal/*cytology ; Mice ; Paracrine Communication ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/physiology ; Progesterone/*metabolism ; RANK Ligand/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/deficiency ; Receptors, Progesterone/deficiency ; Stem Cell Niche/cytology/metabolism ; Stem Cells/*cytology/drug effects/*metabolism
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    RAF inhibitors transactivate RAF dimers and ERK signalling in cells with wild-type BRAF (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-25
    Description: Tumours with mutant BRAF are dependent on the RAF-MEK-ERK signalling pathway for their growth. We found that ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors inhibit ERK signalling in cells with mutant BRAF, but unexpectedly enhance signalling in cells with wild-type BRAF. Here we demonstrate the mechanistic basis for these findings. We used chemical genetic methods to show that drug-mediated transactivation of RAF dimers is responsible for paradoxical activation of the enzyme by inhibitors. Induction of ERK signalling requires direct binding of the drug to the ATP-binding site of one kinase of the dimer and is dependent on RAS activity. Drug binding to one member of RAF homodimers (CRAF-CRAF) or heterodimers (CRAF-BRAF) inhibits one protomer, but results in transactivation of the drug-free protomer. In BRAF(V600E) tumours, RAS is not activated, thus transactivation is minimal and ERK signalling is inhibited in cells exposed to RAF inhibitors. These results indicate that RAF inhibitors will be effective in tumours in which BRAF is mutated. Furthermore, because RAF inhibitors do not inhibit ERK signalling in other cells, the model predicts that they would have a higher therapeutic index and greater antitumour activity than mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors, but could also cause toxicity due to MEK/ERK activation. These predictions have been borne out in a recent clinical trial of the RAF inhibitor PLX4032 (refs 4, 5). The model indicates that promotion of RAF dimerization by elevation of wild-type RAF expression or RAS activity could lead to drug resistance in mutant BRAF tumours. In agreement with this prediction, RAF inhibitors do not inhibit ERK signalling in cells that coexpress BRAF(V600E) and mutant RAS.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178447/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3178447/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poulikakos, Poulikos I -- Zhang, Chao -- Bollag, Gideon -- Shokat, Kevan M -- Rosen, Neal -- 1P01CA129243-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 2R01EB001987/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA129243-010002/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB001987/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA091178/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA091178-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):427-30. doi: 10.1038/nature08902.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20179705" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/*metabolism ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/*drug effects ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Protein Multimerization ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology ; Transcriptional Activation/*drug effects ; raf Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; ras Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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    Environmental science: new life for the Dead Sea? (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glausiusz, Josie -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 22;464(7292):1118-20. doi: 10.1038/4641118a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20414284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altitude ; Animals ; Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; Fresh Water/*analysis/chemistry/microbiology ; Indian Ocean ; International Cooperation ; Middle East ; Salinity ; Volatilization ; *Water Supply/analysis/economics/statistics & numerical data
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    Still prime time for primates (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2010 May 20;465(7296):267. doi: 10.1038/465267a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20485389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Rights/trends ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Cognition/*physiology ; Empathy/physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; *Models, Animal ; Neurosciences/*methods/trends ; Prefrontal Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Primates/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Disruption of the clock components CLOCK and BMAL1 leads to hypoinsulinaemia and diabetes (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-22
    Description: The molecular clock maintains energy constancy by producing circadian oscillations of rate-limiting enzymes involved in tissue metabolism across the day and night. During periods of feeding, pancreatic islets secrete insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis, and although rhythmic control of insulin release is recognized to be dysregulated in humans with diabetes, it is not known how the circadian clock may affect this process. Here we show that pancreatic islets possess self-sustained circadian gene and protein oscillations of the transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1. The phase of oscillation of islet genes involved in growth, glucose metabolism and insulin signalling is delayed in circadian mutant mice, and both Clock and Bmal1 (also called Arntl) mutants show impaired glucose tolerance, reduced insulin secretion and defects in size and proliferation of pancreatic islets that worsen with age. Clock disruption leads to transcriptome-wide alterations in the expression of islet genes involved in growth, survival and synaptic vesicle assembly. Notably, conditional ablation of the pancreatic clock causes diabetes mellitus due to defective beta-cell function at the very latest stage of stimulus-secretion coupling. These results demonstrate a role for the beta-cell clock in coordinating insulin secretion with the sleep-wake cycle, and reveal that ablation of the pancreatic clock can trigger the onset of diabetes mellitus.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920067/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920067/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marcheva, Biliana -- Ramsey, Kathryn Moynihan -- Buhr, Ethan D -- Kobayashi, Yumiko -- Su, Hong -- Ko, Caroline H -- Ivanova, Ganka -- Omura, Chiaki -- Mo, Shelley -- Vitaterna, Martha H -- Lopez, James P -- Philipson, Louis H -- Bradfield, Christopher A -- Crosby, Seth D -- JeBailey, Lellean -- Wang, Xiaozhong -- Takahashi, Joseph S -- Bass, Joseph -- P01 AG011412/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG011412-080011/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097817/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097817-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R37 ES005703/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R37-ES-005703/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 29;466(7306):627-31. doi: 10.1038/nature09253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20562852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; Aging/genetics/pathology ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis/metabolism ; CLOCK Proteins/deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Size ; Cell Survival ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Glucose Intolerance/genetics ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin/*blood/metabolism/secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/*metabolism/pathology/secretion ; Mice ; Period Circadian Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Sleep/genetics/physiology ; Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism ; Wakefulness/genetics/physiology
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    Direct conversion of fibroblasts to functional neurons by defined factors (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-01-29
    Description: Cellular differentiation and lineage commitment are considered to be robust and irreversible processes during development. Recent work has shown that mouse and human fibroblasts can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state with a combination of four transcription factors. This raised the question of whether transcription factors could directly induce other defined somatic cell fates, and not only an undifferentiated state. We hypothesized that combinatorial expression of neural-lineage-specific transcription factors could directly convert fibroblasts into neurons. Starting from a pool of nineteen candidate genes, we identified a combination of only three factors, Ascl1, Brn2 (also called Pou3f2) and Myt1l, that suffice to rapidly and efficiently convert mouse embryonic and postnatal fibroblasts into functional neurons in vitro. These induced neuronal (iN) cells express multiple neuron-specific proteins, generate action potentials and form functional synapses. Generation of iN cells from non-neural lineages could have important implications for studies of neural development, neurological disease modelling and regenerative medicine.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2829121/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2829121/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vierbuchen, Thomas -- Ostermeier, Austin -- Pang, Zhiping P -- Kokubu, Yuko -- Sudhof, Thomas C -- Wernig, Marius -- 1018438-142-PABCA/PHS HHS/ -- 5T32NS007280/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009302/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100397/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 25;463(7284):1035-41. doi: 10.1038/nature08797. Epub 2010 Jan 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1050 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20107439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cell Line ; *Cell Lineage ; *Cell Transdifferentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/*cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; POU Domain Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Regenerative Medicine ; Synapses/metabolism ; Tail/cytology ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
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    High-performance genetically targetable optical neural silencing by light-driven proton pumps (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-01-08
    Description: The ability to silence the activity of genetically specified neurons in a temporally precise fashion would provide the opportunity to investigate the causal role of specific cell classes in neural computations, behaviours and pathologies. Here we show that members of the class of light-driven outward proton pumps can mediate powerful, safe, multiple-colour silencing of neural activity. The gene archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) from Halorubrum sodomense enables near-100% silencing of neurons in the awake brain when virally expressed in the mouse cortex and illuminated with yellow light. Arch mediates currents of several hundred picoamps at low light powers, and supports neural silencing currents approaching 900 pA at light powers easily achievable in vivo. Furthermore, Arch spontaneously recovers from light-dependent inactivation, unlike light-driven chloride pumps that enter long-lasting inactive states in response to light. These properties of Arch are appropriate to mediate the optical silencing of significant brain volumes over behaviourally relevant timescales. Arch function in neurons is well tolerated because pH excursions created by Arch illumination are minimized by self-limiting mechanisms to levels comparable to those mediated by channelrhodopsins or natural spike firing. To highlight how proton pump ecological and genomic diversity may support new innovation, we show that the blue-green light-drivable proton pump from the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Mac) can, when expressed in neurons, enable neural silencing by blue light, thus enabling alongside other developed reagents the potential for independent silencing of two neural populations by blue versus red light. Light-driven proton pumps thus represent a high-performance and extremely versatile class of 'optogenetic' voltage and ion modulator, which will broadly enable new neuroscientific, biological, neurological and psychiatric investigations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2939492/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2939492/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chow, Brian Y -- Han, Xue -- Dobry, Allison S -- Qian, Xiaofeng -- Chuong, Amy S -- Li, Mingjie -- Henninger, Michael A -- Belfort, Gabriel M -- Lin, Yingxi -- Monahan, Patrick E -- Boyden, Edward S -- 1K99MH085944/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002002/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002002-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- K99 MH085944/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K99 MH085944-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 7;463(7277):98-102. doi: 10.1038/nature08652.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The MIT Media Laboratory, Synthetic Neurobiology Group, and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20054397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/radiation effects ; Animals ; Ascomycota/metabolism/radiation effects ; Color ; Electric Conductivity ; Euryarchaeota/metabolism/radiation effects ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neocortex/cytology/physiology/radiation effects ; Neurons/*metabolism/*radiation effects ; Proton Pumps/classification/genetics/*metabolism/*radiation effects ; Rhodopsins, Microbial/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism/radiation ; effects ; Wakefulness
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    Literature mining: Speed reading (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lok, Corie -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 28;463(7280):416-8. doi: 10.1038/463416a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bibliometrics ; Biomedical Research/*statistics & numerical data ; Data Mining/*methods ; Humans ; Online Systems ; *Periodicals as Topic
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    Islands champion tuna ban (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pala, Christopher -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 9;468(7325):739-40. doi: 10.1038/468739a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21150962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; Ecology/legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; Fisheries/*legislation & jurisprudence/*methods ; *Geography ; Hawaii ; *International Cooperation ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Density ; *Tuna/physiology ; United States
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    Higher rates of sex evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-15
    Description: The evolution and maintenance of sexual reproduction has puzzled biologists for decades. Although this field is rich in hypotheses, experimental evidence is scarce. Some important experiments have demonstrated differences in evolutionary rates between sexual and asexual populations; other experiments have documented evolutionary changes in phenomena related to genetic mixing, such as recombination and selfing. However, direct experiments of the evolution of sex within populations are extremely rare (but see ref. 12). Here we use the rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, which is capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction, to test recent theory predicting that there is more opportunity for sex to evolve in spatially heterogeneous environments. Replicated experimental populations of rotifers were maintained in homogeneous environments, composed of either high- or low-quality food habitats, or in heterogeneous environments that consisted of a mix of the two habitats. For populations maintained in either type of homogeneous environment, the rate of sex evolves rapidly towards zero. In contrast, higher rates of sex evolve in populations experiencing spatially heterogeneous environments. The data indicate that the higher level of sex observed under heterogeneity is not due to sex being less costly or selection against sex being less efficient; rather sex is sufficiently advantageous in heterogeneous environments to overwhelm its inherent costs. Counter to some alternative theories for the evolution of sex, there is no evidence that genetic drift plays any part in the evolution of sex in these populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Becks, Lutz -- Agrawal, Aneil F -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 4;468(7320):89-92. doi: 10.1038/nature09449. Epub 2010 Oct 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada. lutz.becks@utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20944628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration/physiology ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Diet/veterinary ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; *Food ; Genetic Drift ; Male ; Meiosis/genetics ; Models, Biological ; Ovum/physiology ; Population Density ; Reproduction/physiology ; Reproduction, Asexual/physiology ; Rotifera/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sex
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    Immunology and the elusive AIDS vaccine (2010)
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    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-12
    Description: Developing a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine is critical to end the global acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, but many question whether this goal is achievable. Natural immunity is not protective, and despite immunogenicity of HIV vaccine candidates, human trials have exclusively yielded disappointing results. Nevertheless, there is an indication that success may be possible, but this will be dependent on understanding the antiviral immune response in unprecedented depth to identify and engineer the types of immunity required. Here we outline fundamental immunological questions that need to be answered to develop a protective HIV vaccine, and the immediate need to harness a much broader scientific community to achieve this goal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Virgin, Herbert W -- Walker, Bruce D -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 11;464(7286):224-31. doi: 10.1038/nature08898.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Washington University School of Medicine and Midwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease Research, Campus Box 8118, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. virgin@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20220841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/prevention & control ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; HIV/*immunology ; HIV Antibodies/immunology ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Extrinsic regulation of pluripotent stem cells (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-11
    Description: During early mammalian development, as the pluripotent cells that give rise to all of the tissues of the body proliferate and expand in number, they pass through transition states marked by a stepwise restriction in developmental potential and by changes in the expression of key regulatory genes. Recent findings show that cultured stem-cell lines derived from different stages of mouse development can mimic these transition states. They further reveal that there is a high degree of heterogeneity and plasticity in pluripotent populations in vitro and that these properties are modulated by extrinsic signalling. Understanding the extrinsic control of plasticity will guide efforts to use human pluripotent stem cells in research and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pera, Martin F -- Tam, Patrick P L -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 10;465(7299):713-20. doi: 10.1038/nature09228.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. pera@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535200" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor/metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism
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    Food: A taste of things to come? (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Nicola -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 9;468(7325):752-3. doi: 10.1038/468752a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21150970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bioreactors ; Biotechnology/economics/*methods/*trends ; Chitosan/metabolism ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/methods/trends ; Culture Media/chemistry/economics/pharmacology ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology ; *Food Supply/economics ; Humans ; Meat/*supply & distribution ; *Muscles/cytology/drug effects ; Organ Culture Techniques/economics/methods/*utilization
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    Epigenetic silencing of engineered L1 retrotransposition events in human embryonic carcinoma cells (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-06
    Description: Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) retrotransposition continues to affect human genome evolution. L1s can retrotranspose in the germline, during early development and in select somatic cells; however, the host response to L1 retrotransposition remains largely unexplored. Here we show that reporter genes introduced into the genome of various human embryonic carcinoma-derived cell lines (ECs) by L1 retrotransposition are rapidly and efficiently silenced either during or immediately after their integration. Treating ECs with histone deacetylase inhibitors rapidly reverses this silencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that reactivation of the reporter gene was correlated with changes in chromatin status at the L1 integration site. Under our assay conditions, rapid silencing was also observed when reporter genes were delivered into ECs by mouse L1s and a zebrafish LINE-2 element, but not when similar reporter genes were delivered into ECs by Moloney murine leukaemia virus or human immunodeficiency virus, suggesting that these integration events are silenced by distinct mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate that subjecting ECs to culture conditions that promote differentiation attenuates the silencing of reporter genes delivered by L1 retrotransposition, but that differentiation, in itself, is not sufficient to reactivate previously silenced reporter genes. Thus, our data indicate that ECs differ from many differentiated cells in their ability to silence reporter genes delivered by L1 retrotransposition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3034402/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3034402/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia-Perez, Jose L -- Morell, Maria -- Scheys, Joshua O -- Kulpa, Deanna A -- Morell, Santiago -- Carter, Christoph C -- Hammer, Gary D -- Collins, Kathleen L -- O'Shea, K Sue -- Menendez, Pablo -- Moran, John V -- 5 P30 CA46592/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM-069985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM060518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM082970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS-048187/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK62027/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060518-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082970-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI051198/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32-GM08322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 5;466(7307):769-73. doi: 10.1038/nature09209.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, 1241 East Catherine Street, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5618, USA. josel.garcia.perez@juntadeandalucia.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20686575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics/physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatin/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells/*metabolism/pathology ; Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; *Gene Silencing/drug effects ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors/genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; HIV/genetics ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Zebrafish/genetics
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    Osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL controls development of progestin-driven mammary cancer (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-01
    Description: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in humans and will on average affect up to one in eight women in their lifetime in the United States and Europe. The Women's Health Initiative and the Million Women Study have shown that hormone replacement therapy is associated with an increased risk of incident and fatal breast cancer. In particular, synthetic progesterone derivatives (progestins) such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), used in millions of women for hormone replacement therapy and contraceptives, markedly increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Here we show that the in vivo administration of MPA triggers massive induction of the key osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand) in mammary-gland epithelial cells. Genetic inactivation of the RANKL receptor RANK in mammary-gland epithelial cells prevents MPA-induced epithelial proliferation, impairs expansion of the CD49f(hi) stem-cell-enriched population, and sensitizes these cells to DNA-damage-induced cell death. Deletion of RANK from the mammary epithelium results in a markedly decreased incidence and delayed onset of MPA-driven mammary cancer. These data show that the RANKL/RANK system controls the incidence and onset of progestin-driven breast cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084017/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084017/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schramek, Daniel -- Leibbrandt, Andreas -- Sigl, Verena -- Kenner, Lukas -- Pospisilik, John A -- Lee, Heather J -- Hanada, Reiko -- Joshi, Purna A -- Aliprantis, Antonios -- Glimcher, Laurie -- Pasparakis, Manolis -- Khokha, Rama -- Ormandy, Christopher J -- Widschwendter, Martin -- Schett, Georg -- Penninger, Josef M -- HD055601/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD055601/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD055601-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 4;468(7320):98-102. doi: 10.1038/nature09387. Epub 2010 Sep 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20881962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/radiation effects ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; DNA Damage ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism/radiation effects ; Female ; Gamma Rays ; Integrin alpha6/metabolism ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*chemically ; induced/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Osteoclasts/cytology ; Phosphoproteins/analysis/immunology ; Progestins/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; RANK Ligand/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism
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    Oceanography: Death and rebirth in the deep (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Qiu, Jane -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 20;465(7296):284-6. doi: 10.1038/465284a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20485410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Geography ; Hot Springs/microbiology ; Larva/genetics/physiology ; *Marine Biology ; Mexico ; Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; *Volcanic Eruptions/adverse effects ; Water Movements
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    Fossil finger points to new human species (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalton, Rex -- England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 25;464(7288):472-3. doi: 10.1038/464472a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Finger Phalanges ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*classification/genetics ; Humans ; Siberia
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    A call for collaboration (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kher, Unmesh -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 15;466(7304):S21-2. doi: 10.1038/nature09245.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International AIDS Vaccine Initiative.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20631702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines ; Allergy and Immunology ; Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/supply & distribution/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research/economics/manpower/*organization & administration/trends ; Computational Biology ; Disease Progression ; Drug Combinations ; Financing, Organized/economics ; HIV/drug effects/enzymology/genetics/isolation & purification ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology/*therapy/virology ; Humans ; *Interdisciplinary Communication ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Research Personnel/*organization & administration/trends ; Research Support as Topic/economics/organization & administration ; Systems Biology ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load
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    The trophic fingerprint of marine fisheries (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-19
    Description: Biodiversity indicators provide a vital window on the state of the planet, guiding policy development and management. The most widely adopted marine indicator is mean trophic level (MTL) from catches, intended to detect shifts from high-trophic-level predators to low-trophic-level invertebrates and plankton-feeders. This indicator underpins reported trends in human impacts, declining when predators collapse ("fishing down marine food webs") and when low-trophic-level fisheries expand ("fishing through marine food webs"). The assumption is that catch MTL measures changes in ecosystem MTL and biodiversity. Here we combine model predictions with global assessments of MTL from catches, trawl surveys and fisheries stock assessments and find that catch MTL does not reliably predict changes in marine ecosystems. Instead, catch MTL trends often diverge from ecosystem MTL trends obtained from surveys and assessments. In contrast to previous findings of rapid declines in catch MTL, we observe recent increases in catch, survey and assessment MTL. However, catches from most trophic levels are rising, which can intensify fishery collapses even when MTL trends are stable or increasing. To detect fishing impacts on marine biodiversity, we recommend greater efforts to measure true abundance trends for marine species, especially those most vulnerable to fishing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Branch, Trevor A -- Watson, Reg -- Fulton, Elizabeth A -- Jennings, Simon -- McGilliard, Carey R -- Pablico, Grace T -- Ricard, Daniel -- Tracey, Sean R -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 18;468(7322):431-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09528.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5020, USA. tbranch@uw.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21085178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aquatic Organisms/*isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Policy ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes/metabolism ; Food Chain ; Human Activities ; Invertebrates/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Plankton/metabolism
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    Buyer beware (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2010 Mar 25;464(7288):465-6. doi: 10.1038/464465b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20336086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Dietary Supplements/economics/*standards ; Drug Industry/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; United States
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    Ecological interactions are evolutionarily conserved across the entire tree of life (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-06-04
    Description: Ecological interactions are crucial to understanding both the ecology and the evolution of organisms. Because the phenotypic traits regulating species interactions are largely a legacy of their ancestors, it is widely assumed that ecological interactions are phylogenetically conserved, with closely related species interacting with similar partners. However, the existing empirical evidence is inadequate to appropriately evaluate the hypothesis of phylogenetic conservatism in ecological interactions, because it is both ecologically and taxonomically biased. In fact, most studies on the evolution of ecological interactions have focused on specialized organisms, such as some parasites or insect herbivores, belonging to a limited subset of the overall tree of life. Here we study the evolution of host use in a large and diverse group of interactions comprising both specialist and generalist acellular, unicellular and multicellular organisms. We show that, as previously found for specialized interactions, generalized interactions can be evolutionarily conserved. Significant phylogenetic conservatism of interaction patterns was equally likely to occur in symbiotic and non-symbiotic interactions, as well as in mutualistic and antagonistic interactions. Host-use differentiation among species was higher in phylogenetically conserved clades, irrespective of their generalization degree and taxonomic position within the tree of life. Our findings strongly suggest a shared pattern in the organization of biological systems through evolutionary time, mediated by marked conservatism of ecological interactions among taxa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gomez, Jose M -- Verdu, Miguel -- Perfectti, Francisco -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jun 17;465(7300):918-21. doi: 10.1038/nature09113. Epub 2010 Jun 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Ecologia, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain. jmgreyes@ugr.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20520609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Phylogeny ; Symbiosis/*physiology
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    Palaeoanthropology: Australopithecine butchers (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Braun, David R -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 12;466(7308):828. doi: 10.1038/466828a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20703298" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Diet/*history ; Ethiopia ; Food/*history ; Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Meat/history ; Technology/*history/instrumentation ; *Tool Use Behavior
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    Cancer: A wolf in wolf's clothing (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Douglas R -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 27;465(7297):433. doi: 10.1038/465433a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20505719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD95/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Autocrine Communication ; Cell Proliferation ; Enzyme Activation ; Fas Ligand Protein/deficiency/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation/metabolism ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
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    Transgenic fish go large (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marris, Emma -- England -- Nature. 2010 Sep 16;467(7313):259. doi: 10.1038/467259a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20844506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Animals ; *Animals, Genetically Modified ; Drug Approval/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Food, Genetically Modified/standards/supply & distribution ; *Salmon/genetics ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/*legislation & jurisprudence
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    RANK ligand mediates progestin-induced mammary epithelial proliferation and carcinogenesis (2010)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-01
    Description: RANK ligand (RANKL), a TNF-related molecule, is essential for osteoclast formation, function and survival through interaction with its receptor RANK. Mammary glands of RANK- and RANKL-deficient mice develop normally during sexual maturation, but fail to form lobuloalveolar structures during pregnancy because of defective proliferation and increased apoptosis of mammary epithelium. It has been shown that RANKL is responsible for the major proliferative response of mouse mammary epithelium to progesterone during mammary lactational morphogenesis, and in mouse models, manipulated to induce activation of the RANK/RANKL pathway in the absence of strict hormonal control, inappropriate mammary proliferation is observed. However, there is no evidence so far of a functional contribution of RANKL to tumorigenesis. Here we show that RANK and RANKL are expressed within normal, pre-malignant and neoplastic mammary epithelium, and using complementary gain-of-function (mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV)-RANK transgenic mice) and loss-of function (pharmacological inhibition of RANKL) approaches, define a direct contribution of this pathway in mammary tumorigenesis. Accelerated pre-neoplasias and increased mammary tumour formation were observed in MMTV-RANK transgenic mice after multiparity or treatment with carcinogen and hormone (progesterone). Reciprocally, selective pharmacological inhibition of RANKL attenuated mammary tumour development not only in hormone- and carcinogen-treated MMTV-RANK and wild-type mice, but also in the MMTV-neu transgenic spontaneous tumour model. The reduction in tumorigenesis upon RANKL inhibition was preceded by a reduction in pre-neoplasias as well as rapid and sustained reductions in hormone- and carcinogen-induced mammary epithelial proliferation and cyclin D1 levels. Collectively, our results indicate that RANKL inhibition is acting directly on hormone-induced mammary epithelium at early stages in tumorigenesis, and the permissive contribution of progesterone to increased mammary cancer incidence is due to RANKL-dependent proliferative changes in the mammary epithelium. The current study highlights a potential role for RANKL inhibition in the management of proliferative breast disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gonzalez-Suarez, Eva -- Jacob, Allison P -- Jones, Jon -- Miller, Robert -- Roudier-Meyer, Martine P -- Erwert, Ryan -- Pinkas, Jan -- Branstetter, Dan -- Dougall, William C -- England -- Nature. 2010 Nov 4;468(7320):103-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09495. Epub 2010 Sep 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Hematology/Oncology Research, Amgen Inc, Seattle, Washington 98119, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20881963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/*chemically induced/*drug effects/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*chemically ; induced/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics/physiology ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Precancerous Conditions/pathology/prevention & control ; Progesterone/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Progestins/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; RANK Ligand/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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