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  • 1
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    Sustainability, Vol. 7, Pages 7884-7903: Moving towards a Competitive Fully Enzymatic Biodiesel Process (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-19
    Description: Enzymatic biodiesel synthesis can solve several problems posed by the alkaline-catalyzed transesterification but it has the drawback of being too expensive to be considered competitive. Costs can be reduced by lipase improvement, use of unrefined oils, evaluation of soluble/immobilized lipase preparations, and by combination of phospholipases with a soluble lipase for biodiesel production in a single step. As shown here, convenient natural tools have been developed that allow synthesis of high quality FAMEs (EN14214) from unrefined oils in a completely enzymatic single-step process, making it fully competitive.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 2
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    Genomic Evidence for the Emergence and Evolution of Pathogenicity and Niche Preferences in the Genus Campylobacter (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-24
    Description: The genus Campylobacter includes some of the most relevant pathogens for human and animal health; the continuous effort in their characterization has also revealed new species putatively involved in different kind of infections. Nowadays, the available genomic data for the genus comprise a wide variety of species with different pathogenic potential and niche preferences. In this work, we contribute to enlarge this available information presenting the first genome for the species Campylobacter sputorum bv. sputorum and use this and the already sequenced organisms to analyze the emergence and evolution of pathogenicity and niche preferences among Campylobacter species. We found that campylobacters can be unequivocally distinguished in established and putative pathogens depending on their repertory of virulence genes, which have been horizontally acquired from other bacteria because the nonpathogenic Campylobacter ancestor emerged, and posteriorly interchanged between some members of the genus. Additionally, we demonstrated the role of both horizontal gene transfers and diversifying evolution in niche preferences, being able to distinguish genetic features associated to the tropism for oral, genital, and gastrointestinal tissues. In particular, we highlight the role of nonsynonymous evolution of disulphide bond proteins, the invasion antigen B (CiaB), and other secreted proteins in the determination of niche preferences. Our results arise from assessing the previously unmet goal of considering the whole available Campylobacter diversity for genome comparisons, unveiling notorious genetic features that could explain particular phenotypes and set the basis for future research in Campylobacter biology.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Induction of tumour immunity by targeted inhibition of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-05-14
    Description: The main reason why tumours are not controlled by the immune system is that, unlike pathogens, they do not express potent tumour rejection antigens (TRAs). Tumour vaccination aims at stimulating a systemic immune response targeted to, mostly weak, antigens expressed in the disseminated tumour lesions. Main challenges in developing effective vaccination protocols are the identification of potent and broadly expressed TRAs and effective adjuvants to stimulate a robust and durable immune response. Here we describe an alternative approach in which the expression of new, and thereby potent, antigens are induced in tumour cells by inhibiting nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay (NMD). Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated inhibition of NMD in tumour cells led to the expression of new antigenic determinants and their immune-mediated rejection. In subcutaneous and metastatic tumour models, tumour-targeted delivery of NMD factor-specific siRNAs conjugated to oligonucleotide aptamer ligands led to significant inhibition of tumour growth that was superior to that of vaccination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expressing irradiated tumour cells, and could be further enhanced by co-stimulation. Tumour-targeted NMD inhibition forms the basis of a simple, broadly useful, and clinically feasible approach to enhance the antigenicity of disseminated tumours leading to their immune recognition and rejection. The cell-free chemically synthesized oligonucleotide backbone of aptamer-siRNAs reduces the risk of immunogenicity and enhances the feasibility of generating reagents suitable for clinical use.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3107067/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3107067/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pastor, Fernando -- Kolonias, Despina -- Giangrande, Paloma H -- Gilboa, Eli -- R01 CA138503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA151857-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 13;465(7295):227-30. doi: 10.1038/nature08999.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dodson Interdisciplinary Immunotherapy Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, Florida 33134, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20463739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*genetics/*immunology ; Aptamers, Nucleotide/genetics ; Cancer Vaccines/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chickens/genetics ; Colonic Neoplasms/*genetics/*immunology/pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; RNA Interference ; RNA Stability/*genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics/therapeutic use ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae envelope mannoproteins (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 132 (1982), S. 144-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Yeast ; Cell wall ; Mannoproteins ; Envelope turnover ; Concanavalin A
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By pulse and chase labeling experiments, two independent mannoprotein pools have been found associated with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae envelope. One of them probably corresponds to mannoproteins localized in the periplasmic space. These molecules showed a high turnover rate at 28° C. The second pool is formed by intrinsic wall mannoproteins which are apparently stable for long periods of time, after a small initial turnover. These results suggest that at least part of the mannoproteins initially found in the periplasmic space may move into the wall. The time lag between the addition of the radioactive precursors and their incorporation in the cell envelope (20–30 min for amino acids and about 10 min for carbohydrate) indicates that protein formation and carbohydrate incorporation take place in succession. Moreover, bulk glycosylation of mannoproteins seems to occur close in time to the moment of secretion into the periplasmic space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508720
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of the distribution of calcium in the pineal gland of the rat subjected to manipulation of the photoperiod (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 92 (1989), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the pyroantimoniate technique, a study was conducted at electron microscope level on the distribution of the calcium ion in the pineal glands of normal adult Sprague-Dawley rats with initial weights of 150–200 g subjected to a 12:12 light dark cycle and others under the same conditions were subjected to modifications in the noradrenergic signal, such as continuous illumination over 7 days, blinding by bilateral enucleation (7 or 90 days) before sacrifice and bilateral superior cervical gangliectomy at 21 days before sacrifice. All the animals were sacrificed by decapitation, half of them at midday and the other half at midnight. Abundant fine precipitations of calcium were found in the intercellular spaces of the pineal glands of the normal rats. By contrast, in the gangliectomized animals subjected to constant illumination and chronic binding these precipitations were few in number. Additionally, two types of pinealocytes were observed regarding the distribution and concentration of intracytoplasmic calcium in both the normal and experimentally manipulated animals. Type I correspond to the classic light pinealocytes, with an absence of intracytoplasmic precipitations, although in the normal and gangliectomized animals sacrificed at midnight it was possible to observe fine deposits inside the mitochondrial matrix. Type II correspond to the classic dark pinealocytes, with a dense cytoplasmic matrix and numerous deposits of intracytoplasmic and intranuclear calcium; these were never seen in the type I pinealocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00490237
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of a new endoglucanase gene from Bacillus sp. BP-23 and characterisation of the enzyme. Performance in paper manufacture from cereal straw (1998)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 50 (1998), S. 48-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The gene celA, encoding an endoglucanase from the strain Bacillus sp. BP-23, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of a 1867-bp DNA fragment containing the celA gene was determined, revealing an open reading frame of 1200 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 44 803 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of the encoded enzyme shows high homology to those of enzymes belonging to subtype 4 of the family-A cellulases. The celA gene product synthesized in E. coli showed activity on carboxymethylcellulose and lichenan but no activity was found on Avicel. Activity was enhanced in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ and Ca2+ and showed its maximum at 40 °C and pH 4.0. Study of the performance of CelA on paper manufacture from agricultural fibres showed that treatment with the enzyme improved the properties of the pulp and the quality of paper. CelA treatment enhanced the physical properties (stretch and tensile index) of paper from wheat straw, while dewatering properties were slightly diminished. Electron-microscope analysis showed that the surface of straw fibres was modified by CelA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051255
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  • 7
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    Magnetic Microwire Probes for the Magnetic Rod Interfacial Stress Rheometer (2015)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In: Langmuir
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-23
    Description: Langmuir DOI: 10.1021/la5038316
    Print ISSN: 0743-7463
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5827
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 8
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    Recombinant Expression of an Alkali Stable GH10 Xylanase fromPaenibacillus barcinonensis (2010)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-04-28
    Print ISSN: 0021-8561
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5118
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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  • 9
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    Bacterial cellulose matrices to develop enzymatically active paper (2020)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-31
    Print ISSN: 0969-0239
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Bacterial cellulose for increasing barrier properties of paper products (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-07
    Print ISSN: 0969-0239
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Springer
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