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  • Iran  (739)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • Chemistry
  • General Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • SPACE SCIENCES
  • Tehran, Iran  (739)
  • 2020-2022  (739)
  • 101
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    Geographical distribution of commercial bony fishes in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25568 | 18721 | 2018-10-06 17:03:55 | 25568 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The beach seines catch and effort data from 1996 to 2011 categorized in four periods and used in this research. Geographical coordinates of beach seines determined by portable GPS and distribution maps of important and commercial species prepared by catch per unit effort (CPUE). The concentration of beach seines in the western coast of Golestan province, Kiashahr area and eastern part of Anzali was more than another part. The daily effort in Kiashahr and Anzali area was very high, thus the fishing stress in these areas was more than another part of Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea. The number of species in catch composition increased from east to west and the beach seines of Guilan province had total of commercial species, but the number of commercial species rarely was five species in Golestan province and especially in eastern coast. Relative frequency and distribution of Kuttum in the east Babolsar area and then between Sepidroud and Anzali lagoon were more than another part. The ISI index of Kuttum was high in all of the area except east coast of Golestan province. The main distribution of Mullets determined in the western coast of Golestan province and the Amirabad fishing area and in these areas, the ISI index of Mullets was high. The main distribution area of common carp determined in east coast of Golestan and the ISI index of common carp was very low in other parts. Density and distribution of Kolmeh were high in eastern and western coasts of Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea and the density of this species was very low in Mazandaran province. The density of Zander was very high in surrounding of Sepidroud River and Anzali lagoon. The ISI index of commercial species in Guilan province was more than other provinces except Kuttum, mullets and common carp.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Golestan province ; Guilan province ; Mazandaran province ; Babolsar ; Anzali ; Kiashahr ; Bony fishes ; CPUE ; ISI index ; Distribution map ; Species ; Fishing ; Kuttum ; Mullets ; Common carp ; Density
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  • 102
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    Limnological survey of Anzali Wetland data during 1990-2003 by use of GIS system (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25200 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:38:28 | 25200 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Anzali wetland at south west of Caspian located along of North West and southeast and with its unique feature were add on the Ramsar convention list in 1975. There were recorded a high rich of fauna and flora including 276 plant species, 23 reptiles and amphibians, 60 fishes, 26 mammals and 195 birds. Anzali wetland were encountered with numerous disorder with the eutrophication and the early dismissing. The first studies on Anzali wetland started by many international institutions in 1964. In this study the data of biotic and abiotic factors in Anzali wetland analyzed which belongs to different sites (15 to 38 stations) during 1991 to 2000 and were sampled seasonally or monthly in different years. The results showed the increasing trend of phytoplankton abundance from 7.9 to 66 million C./l. and the western part had the most abundant. The Cyanophyta had the most development than other 7 phylum observed in the area. In Anzali wetland identified 143 phytoplankton genus that 9 genus dominated in more than 80 % replicates and 7 genus had the abundance of more than 5 million cell/l. The Zooplankton abundant increased from 580 to 2200 ind./l. The Rotatoria had the most abundant followed by Copepoda. There was identified 104 zooplankton genus that 5 genus were dominated in more than 80 % replicates and 11 genus had the abundance of more than 30 ind./L. The chlorophyll a varied from 8.8 to 50.2 μg/l. and had a increasing trend after 1996, meanwhile it was measured higher than 25 μg/l in most of the stations. The results of benthic study showed that the Chironomidae and Tubificidae were observed more than other organisms which comprised 12.2 to 23.5% of total biomass of benthic organisms in studied period. The range of biomass was 1.1 to 7.8 g/m2. The ichthyologic survey showed presence of 60 species that 11 species were exotic. 28 species belong to freshwater, 17 species were anadromous and 8 species were resident in estuary. The highest and lowest fish catch were 640 and 288 ton in 1994 and 1999 respectively and it was about 500 ton at the end of period. The hydrochemical factors had the various fluctuation so that the nutrients parameters had a significant difference over studied period. Total nitrogen was varied from 0.78 to 1.41 mg/l and total phosphorus varied from 0.05 to 0.1 μg/l.. The oxygen dissolved amount was from 4.6 to 8.7. EC was between 3 to 5 ms/cm during September and October that indicated of Caspian water projection. According to geographic position of station, all biotic and abiotic data, were arranged. The data bank is used by Idrisi software to produce of necessary maps. Analysis of data showed that there must be a responsible department with a vast authority. Conservation and eutrophication prevention of Anzali wetland connect to special attention to catchment area and landuse management of the wetland. Also there is an urgent need for well-developed technologies and managements to reduce the organic pollution and its environmental impacts on the Anzali Lagoon.
    Keywords: Limnology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali wetland ; Ramsar ; Anzali Lagoon ; Limnological ; Survey ; GIS ; Fauna ; Flora ; Cyanophyta ; Phylum ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Chlorophyll a ; Biomass ; Species ; Hydrochemical ; Nutrients ; Dissolved oxygen
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  • 103
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    Monitoring of commercial marine stocks around Hormuzgan (bandar-e-Lengeh) artificial reefs (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25203 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:18:18 | 25203 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Over-fishing of marine resources has endangered many commercial fish species in the world; with aquaculture development, setting up artificial reef systems is an important way for marine stocks and fishing enhancement. The present study was designed to monitor fish abundance and species changes around a small and newly established artificial reef system in Moloo area at Bandar-e-Lengeh during two years after installation (Sep. 2005 to Sep. 2007). The artificial reef includes three types of concrete structures arranged in a seven by three grid. Each cross point considered as a sampling station and two other stations selected from two sides of the system as control stations. Based on obtained results CPUE (P = 0.00001), frequency (P = 0.001) and species diversity of captured fishes (P = 0.024) showed significant differences between three types of sampling traps. With type of structures, The CPUE and frequency of fishes in transect 7(mixed structures) showed the significant differences with other six transects (p= 0.001, P = 0.009). No diversity relationships were seen between transects (p= 0.100). In this study there were no significant differences between depths. Although the means of CPUE between seasons were different, but the ANOVA test could not show the significant differences because of the differention between variances. The T-Test showed no significant differences between the numbers per trap per day dominant species (Epinephelus coioides, Plectorhinchus shotaf, Diagrama pictum, Siganus javus) in different seasons. Movie prepared from artificial reefs showed diversity of fish were more than that of fishing by trap. Although fishes increased but there was no enough causes evidences for product in artificial reefs. Therefore, the study need to continue in this area.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Hormuzgan Province ; Bandar Lengeh ; Artificial reef ; Monitoring of stocks ; Density ; Diversity ; CPUE ; Marine ; Species ; Aquaculture ; ANOVA ; Epinephelus coioides ; Plectorhinchus shotaf ; Diagrama pictum ; Siganus javus
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  • 104
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    Bester (beluga ♀ × starlet ♂) production and comparing their growth with beluga in Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25193 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:21:38 | 25193 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Aquaculture for human consuming species is being considered as the first substitution of catching aquatic species due to increase of human population and decrease of wild aquatic stocks. In this study, the hybrid sturgeon Bester (female beluga x male sterlet) was produced for the first time in Iran. Sperm of 1.35 kg male Acipenser ruthenus was used to fertilize the eggs of 125 kg female Huso huso in Shahid Marjani Sturgeon propagation center (Agh Ghala, Golestan province). The fries of bester and control treatment of beluga were transported to International Sturgeon Research Institute (Rasht) after about one month by reaching to 490 mg and 377 mg of weight respectively. All fishes fed by artificial concentrated food (48-50% protein and 15-17% fat) after a period of feeding with Artemia and Daphnia. Sorting was carried out according to increase of fish weight for both fishes. Results showed that the imported sterlet spawners were not at the high maturation stages and especially the males had not suitable sperm quality. It showed that up to 2 months of age , these was no significant difference between bester and beluga weight but from this age up to 2 months of age the weight of beluga was greater. Meanwhile from 2 months old up to the end of the study (21 months) the weight of bester sample was significantly greater than beluga. The comparison of FCR for the whole rearing period showed no difference between bester and beluga (2.4 and 2.3 respectively). In general, the increase and decrease pattern of GR and SGR were coincided to each other, but showed monthly differences. Growth rate (GR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of bester were greater than beluga from 4th and 3rd month of rearing period respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan Province ; Aquaculture ; Beluga ; Sterlet ; Bester ; Growth Rate ; Aquatic ; Species ; Population ; Female ; Male ; Acipenser ruthenus ; Huso huso ; Sturgeon ; Artemia
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  • 105
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    Adaptation and use of amphipoda in fish culture ponds in order to increase fish production (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25201 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:03:37 | 25201 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Use and enrichment of live food resource in fish farms have been interested and highly demanded. Crustacean are one of the important groups. The Pontogammarus maeoticus dominated in southern Caspian Sea shore with a high abundance. This study was designed in order to adaptation and usage of amphipoda in fish culture ponds. The first part have been surveyed the laboratory experiments including of; to increasing and developing of P.maeoticus in 200 litter container, the effects of salinity on growth and survival of amphipods in many aquariums, the culture of common carp with amphipods and growth determination of them. Chemical composition analysis of P.maeoticus and carps fed by amphipods in compare to cultured carps from ordinary ponds. Due to concern about common healthy the heavy metal concentration has been measured in P. maeoticus, carp which were fed by amphipods and the cultured carps in earth ponds. In second phase; the adaptation of two amphipods species, P. maeoticus and Obesogammarus acuminatus was studied in fish ponds where some cages with sandy soft substrate had been provided for amphipoda replacement. Also a small surface of ponds surrounded by net and covered by Azola plant, a habitat suitable for to putting of O. acuminatus. Production of amphipoda had not the successfully results in large tanks. Aquariums with Caspian Sea water had the prosper results where the specimens were breeding and developing properly, even though in some aquarium with freshwater increased the amphipods number. The chemical composition had not significant difference between two kind of cultured carps while the organic component in amphipoda had a high quality. The better quality of cultured carp by amphipod diet have been confirmed by organoleptic test. The results of heavy metal measurement in amphipoda showed a high concentration which some of them were transmitted to cultured carps. Result of amphipoda replacement in cage was not satisfy and the specimens were died after some days. According to hydro-chemical parameters the oxygen poorness and high trophy levels were the affective factor to abolish of specimens in cages. It seems that there are many type of P.maeoticus that can be adapted in different salinities. The molecular differentiation should be investigated to choose the suitable type of this spices for utilization in freshwater fish ponds. In other hand it can be used in fish culture ponds that will be supplied by brackish water.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Adaptation ; Amphipoda ; Fish ; Culture ; Ponds ; Enrichment ; Pontogammarus maeoticus ; Amphipoda ; Survey ; P.maeoticus ; Common carp ; O. acuminatus ; Oxygen ; Specimens ; Brackish water
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  • 106
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    Biomass estimation, opening and closure of Shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) fishery in Bushehr waters (Persian Gulf) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25206 | 18721 | 2018-09-04 08:43:13 | 25206 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: From June 2004 to March 2006, a survey in Iran waters (Bushehr province) has completed. Sampling was accomplished in two area, north and south. In this period 15 cruises achieved in summer and 3 cruises in autumn and winter. In each cruise of north and south area 18 and 30 stations were sampled respectively. Stations row on three depth stratums that is, below 10 m, 10-20 m, and 20-30 m in total area from Bahrekan to Motaf. Some Biological parameters such as sex stages, sex ratio, mean total length, species composition were measured. Duration of shrimp fishing season in years 2004, 2005 and 2006 were 40, 44 and 40 days in summer respectively. In June and august the Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) in south was more than northern area. CPUE increases in north area especially at the end of summer during fishing season gradually. Computing on Biomass estimation resulted 674, 1024 and 873 ton in years 2004, 2005 and 2006 respectively for all shrimp species (usually tiger shrimp, white shrimp and other). Total commercial landing of shrimp catch in above years were 1602, 1597 and 1110 ton respectively. Percentage of tiger shrimp in commercial landing in above years was 77, 75 and 84 respectively. We found that the least mean length of tiger shrimp was observed in southern area especially from Motaf to Rodmond stations. The schools of prawn penaeus semisulcatus enter to Bushehr waters from southern area that is Motaf region. Other than Motaf; Nakhilu, Rase khan and Rod-mond show same characteristics. Also in this region, density of shrimp increases with depth in most summer cruises. The result from analyses of gonad maturation studies shows the adult and mature females (stages III and IV) of P. semisulcatus accumulate in northern area at the end of autumn. This stock catches in autumn by illegal fishing.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr province ; Biomass ; Shrimp ; Penaeus semisulcatus ; Fishery ; Green tiger prawn ; Opening season ; Closure season ; Survey ; Sampling ; Sex ratio ; Species ; CPUE ; Illegal fishing ; Parameters
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  • 107
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    Determination of biotechniqe and bionormative of breeding and culturing of Penaeus merguiensis de Man in Bushehr Area (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25208 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:18:49 | 25208 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: To introduce the native commercial shrimp species to aquaculture industry, the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization conducted a project to investigate the possibility of reproduction and cultivation of the banana shrimp (Penaeus merguensis). The present work has been carried out from 21st March 2001 in two phase, reproduction and cultivation, in Iran Shrimp Research Center. The main objectives of this study was to find the possibility of reproduction and cultivation of banana shrimp with emphasis on its cost and benefit and to find if this species could be introduced to aquaculture industry in Iran. In this work, 42 brood stocks of banana shrimp caught in Jask waters and were transported to Bushehr. The shrimps were reproduced in aquaculture research station, and then cultivated in 0.4 ha ponds in Heleh region. Most of the broodstocks perished, due to long distance of Jask from Bushehr province, or had problem in hatching. Finally 8 of broodstock shrimps spawned. In 3 cases, the reared naplii larva suffered high mortality, but the other 5 spawner’s bread successfully. The post larvae were introduced to the shrimp ponds. The primary stocking was 360,000 larvae, introduced to each of two 4 m 3 tanks. The survival in both tanks for mysis stage was 83% but for PL stages, the survival was 5% for Tank 1 due to disease outbreak (until PL 24), and 62% for Tank 2. On 10 th June 2001 the PL 24 were stocked into the ponds but unfortunately due to adaptation problem, all of the shrimps perished. It seems that banana shrimp couldn’t to be adapted to the pond condition in Heleh region. On the basis of the results, the reproduction of the banana shrimps is achievable, but broodstocks needs to be transferred to reproduction areas as soon as possible to reduce stress on the shrimps. Our finding shows that the optimum conditions of salinity and temperature for growth of the reared banana shrimp in Heleh region is 33ppt and 30 °C, respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Banana shrimp ; Aquaculture ; Reproduction ; Penaeus merguensis
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  • 108
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    Study of the aquaculture of Pacific white legged prawn and comparison of its economical efficiency with Indian white prawn (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25207 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:22:47 | 25207 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Increasing of biodiversity and reduction of production costs and alo increasing of shrimp production are the main elements of production security and continuation of aquaculture of shrimp in the country. The hypothesis of this study is made on the basis of aquaculture of pacific white legged prawn, litopenaeus vannamei, and that is economically better than Indian white prawn in Bushehr area. This study was carried out with the objectives of determination of bionormatives of pacific white legget prawn and yield estimation per square meter and has been compared with Indian white prawn. During 1384-85. In this study, the field operations were carried out after primary preparation and water enrichment with the juvenile prawn (pL 15) with 20 prawn per squar meter in the 3 ponds. During the study the phisico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, ocsysion, pH,two times per day , in the morning and evening and salinity , transpiration and depth water , only one time in a day were measured .The health of prawns and also sampling for the calculation of body weight were carried out in every 10 days . Feeding in the first month was randomly and after that was being continued based on the mean of the body weight. The results of this study have showed that the growth of this species is very fast so that during 90 days with the capacity of 20 prawns per squar , meter, it can be reached to 19.59 gr body weight with the growth rate of 0.217 gr . The mean of total production was 2737.5 kg per hectar with FCR=1. During this study the salinity from 33 ppt to 54 ppt, water temperature from 24.3°c to 35.2°c, occsysion from 2.4 to 11.89 mg/l , pH from 7.83 to 9.01 , transparency from 35 cm to 90 cm and water depth from 100cm to 145 cm were measured and recorded . In the second year, the comparison of growth rate of white legged prawn and Indian white prawn was carried out in the four ponds. The results of this study showed that during 110 days. White legged prawns was reached to average of body weight 14.66 gr and Indian white shrimp, reached to 10.75 gr. The economical assessment showed that white legged prawn has an economical advantage around 2.59 times during 110 days with the capacity of 35 prawns per hectar.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bushehr ; Western white legged shrimp ; Indian white shrimp ; Culture ; Bionormative ; Commercial production ; Aquaculture
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  • 109
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    Effect of protein and energy levels of diet on the growth parameters of shirbot (Barbus grypus) in the grow out stage (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25215 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 05:02:27 | 25215 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was done is two phases, to determine required suitable level of protein and energy for Barbus grypus to get maximum growth to market size. Phase 1-finger ling phase Treatments with triplicate in different level of protein (25, 30, 35 percentage) and different level of digestible energy (kcal/100 gr 250,300,350) were used. Also the effect of mentioned diets on fish growth by calculating (WG, FER, FCR, SVR, PER, SGR) was studied. 9 treatments with triplicate random group of 15 fish per 300 liter tank the mean of were stuclied for 60 days. Body weight was (29.68±0.19gr). The results showed that in constant protein levels growth parameters improved to a special level with in Creasing energy level but in constant. Protein decrease with in crase in energy level. The result of caracass showed energy, protein, fiber and lipid caracass increased with increase in protein and energy, ash level of diet, on the other hand the mentioned diets had meaningfull effect on biochemical composition of caracass except (protein and ash). The best protein level was (%30) and suitable energy level was (250 Kcal/100gr). Phase 2: Grow out stage The best diets (P30%) and (250Kcal/100gr) and (p350%),(300kcal/100gr),(p35%)(350Kcal/100gr)was determind of second phase. These three suitable diets 3 treament in a soil pond 160m² with primary weight 98.3±23 in 60 day. Siqnificant different bet ween treatments were obsereved based on WG,FER,FCR,SVR,PER,SGR Indices. There were no Siqnificant different in (fish body composition)in second phases of experiment. The level of energy,protein,fiber and lipid. In fishes body were increased with in increasing the diet protein. Finally, according to mean valves,30% protein level and (250 Kcal/100gr) energy for barbus grypus are suggestedias the best levels.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Barbus Grypus ; Protein ; Energy ; Fingerling ; Grow out stage ; Diet ; Body weight ; Ash ; Parameters ; Growth
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  • 110
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    Effect of starch utilization on sensory quality of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) fish ball can (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25217 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:02:14 | 25217 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: A variety of products made from fish meat is increasingly being produced in most countries. The availability of low cost ingredients, the use of suitable formulations and modern equipment has made it feasible to produce different products of high nutritious value to satisfy consumer demands. Starch is an ingredient used in most products in the food industry because of its physical characteristics. In the present study fish ball were prepared using starch from two different sources (wheat and potato) either individually or by mixing equal proportions of two sources of starch at a rate of 5, 10 and 15% to 80% ground meat of silver carp. A control group was also tested without adding starch. Results obtained indicate that flavor, odor and texture of the resulting product made with 10% starch were more acceptable as compared to the other trials. Fish ball made with the addition of 15% starch were lighter in color and sticky and loses its strength to form. No significant differences were observed in color, flavor, odor and texture of fish ball in trials containing 10% starch from one individual source (p〉0.05) and the resulting product in these trials were rated higher in organoleptic tests as compared to those containing 5 and 15% starch. Among trials containing two sources of starch, mixed trials with potato and wheat (5% potato + 5% wheat) were rated higher in organoleptic tests as compared to the other trials(p〈0.05).
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Silver Carp ; Fish Ball ; Starch ; Sensory quality ; Nutritious ; Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix
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    An ecological investigating on controlling Mnemiopsis leidyi population activity 6: molecular test in identification of Mnemiopsis leidyi (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25214 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 05:58:33 | 25214 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study population genetic structure of Mnemiopsis leidyi were examined by 200 samples from the Caspian Sea. Samples were collected from Guilan province (Astara region), Mazandaran province (Amir Abad region), Golestan province (Gomishan region) and north part of the Caspian Sea. 50 samples were collected from each region. DNA was extracted by phenol - chlorophorm method and its concentration was 50 to 100 nanogram. PCR was performed using 18s rRNA gene. The PCR products of samples were digested by 12 restriction endonuclease enzymes. The digested products accompanied with standard marker (50 bp lader ). In order to measure fragment size samples were run on a 6% vertical polyacrylamide gel. The fragments were visualized by silver staining of the polyacrylamide gel. In this study, Dra I and Alu I enzymes showed different digestion pattern, as each of these enzymes had two genotypes. Other enzymes had similar digestion pattern. RAPD method used by 19 random primers. Ten of nineteen primers showed polymorphism patterns. Statistical analysis of data was performed by Popgene software. In this study, the maximum of genetic variation was in north of the Caspian Sea. Also, the maximum of genetic distance was between north area and Golestan coasts (0.089) and the minimum of genetic distance was between Mazandaran and Guilan coasts (0.001). The UOGMA dendogram showed two clusters. The samples of Mazandaran , Guilan and Golestan coasts placed in one cluster and samples of north area in other cluster The genetic diversity was significantly different between samples of north area and Golestan coasts (p≤0.05). As result, there is a significant genetic divergence between some of samples. Therefore, two genetic group of Mnemiopsis leidyi were identified in the Caspian Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Guilan province ; Mazandaran province ; Golestan province ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Genetic variation ; Population ; Molecular Test ; Samples ; Enzymes ; Genotype
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  • 112
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    Hygienic monitoring of freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) on Aras Lake reservoir (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25615 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:19:08 | 25615 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Aras dam reservoir situated in the northwest of Iran, west Azarbaijan province, is the only water resource of Astacus leptodactylus harvest in the country that more than 250tons of this species were exported to different countries all over the world, annually. On the other hand, one of the polices of Iranian Science Fisheries Institute is the release of this species into other water resources in the country and for this purpose, the study of risky diseases such as Crayfish pest (Aphanomysis astasi) and other zoonotic diseases are considered as the research priorities of aquaculture development of the country. This study was carried out to health screening of Astacus leptodactylus at Aras dam reservoir from winter 2013 to fall 2014. In this regard, A total of 394 harvested livefreshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (255males, 139females) weretested. 9 epibionts and parasites peritrich protozoans were identified. From Metazoan parasites group, Branchiobdella kozarovi with incidence rate of (100%) in obtained samples was the only isolated organism from this group that identified up to species level. There was a heavy damage in gills of samples with Aeolosoma hemprichi (Annelid) in winter with90% prevalence. Furthermore, Other Epibiont fouling organisms such as Rotatoria; free living nematods and suctoria were observed in this survey. The fungi study of the lesions and melanized spots of mentioned samples revealed their infection to Penicillium expansum; Aspergillus flavus; Alternaria sp. ; Fusarium sp. and Saprolegnia sp. The results of bacterial study confirmed the presence of pathogen bacteria in Astacus leptodactylus. The most frequency percentage (15.16%) in hepatopancrease were related to Aeromonas hydrophila and the least one (1.37%) were due to Yersinia bacteria. Also, only Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and identified from heamolymph, respectively. The results revealed that the combination of Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp. has caused the most infection rate while. Yersinia ruckeri and Salmonella typhi has caused the least infections in Astacus leptodactylus. According to the isolation of 6 bacteria species from hepatopancreas and 2 species from heamplymph , it can be concluded that hepatopancreas enjoyed the higher infection rate compared to haemolymph in the obtained samples.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Aras Dam Reservoir ; West Azarbaijan province ; Astacus leptodactylus ; Health screening ; Hygienic ; Freshwater ; Crayfish ; Species ; Fisheries ; Aphanomysis astasi ; Parasites ; Metazoa ; Aeolosoma hemprichi ; Epibiont fouling ; Alternaria sp.
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    Assesses the economic and hygienic effects of aflatoxins in some of farmed fish and shrimp (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25607 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:14:00 | 25607 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Acipenser stellatus and Huso huso are the most important native sturgeon species in Caspian Sea. In the present study, the impacts of various concentrations of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on Beluga, Huso huso, under controlled conditions were investigated. Belugas (120±10 g) were fed diets containing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppb AFB1/kg of diet for 3 months. Results showed that various levels of AFB1 do not significantly affect the specific growth ratio (SGR) (p〈 0.05) of fish in different treatments. However, weight gain and food conversion ratio (FCR) varied significantly (p〈 0.05 between control and treatments with diets contaminated with 75 and 100ppb AFB1/kg after 90 days). The increase in level of AFB1 did not affect the percent of survival rate (SR) and no mortality was observed in treatments (SR=100%). Various levels of AFB1 under experimental conditions of the present study affect some growth factors, such as, weight gain and FCR but have no significant impact on SGR. Histopathological studies showed that different level of AFB1 can cause broad range of changes in liver, kidney, spleen and gills tissues, particularly at concentration of 75 and 100 ppb AFB1/kg of diets after 60 days.No tumour formation observed. With regard to toxin concentration and time of exposure to AFB1 in experimental fish, different degree of skin lesions (simple hemorrhage to progressive wounds) were observed in different parts of body especially in vent, caudal peduncle, fins, and head. "Yellow sores" on head and trunk regions are considerable and led to deterioration of appearance. Prevalence of skin lesion in different treatments was 8 -53.3 %, which after stop feeding with toxic diets, 16 – 24 % healing observed.Haematological chenges included chronic anemia and lymphocytopenia.Also nutrophilia observed with increasing of skin lesions. Meat accumulation of AFB1 in different treatments is not so considerable and harmfull for human cunsumption, but is significantly different with control fishes(P〈0.01) Responses of experimental fishes to varying concentrations of aflatonix were investigated under controlled conditions. Fishes were fed diet containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100ppb AFB1/kg of diet for 3 months. Skin lesions evaluated through clinical observations. With regard to toxin concentration and time of exposure to AFB1 in experimental fish, different degree of skin lesions were observed in different parts of body. Histopathological changes in liver, kidney, spleen and gills of fish fed different level AFB1 and very wide range from congestion to necrosis. Progressive fat deposition, hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis in liver, especially in concentration 75 and 100 AFB1/kg of diets after 4o days of feeding, emphasize the mentioned results .At the end of the 30 days exposure period , blood samples were taken from the control and experimental fish. Blood was assayed for selected haematological parameters (haematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell count, white blood cell count, total albumin, total albumin, ALT and AST).The derived haematological indices of MCH, MCVand MCHC were calculated. Alterations in serum levels of ALT and AST are liver specified and the significant reduction in total protein and albumin content observed in some experiments.There was no significant difference in SGR between experimental treatments but some differences observed in GR and FCR.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Health ; Iran ; Huso huso ; AFB1 ; Growth ; Skin lesions ; Pathological changes ; Haematological changes ; Meat residue ; Acipenser stellatus ; Histopathological changes ; SGR ; FCR ; Aflatoxin ; Beluga
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    Quantitative assessment of biopllution caused by Mnemiopsis leidyi on ecological community structure in the southern part of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25616 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:59:17 | 25616 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: After the arrival of the invasive spexies (Mnemiopsis leidyi) in the ecosystem of Caspian Sea in 1999, It had notable impacts. In this study, we,re assessing impacts of quantitative M. leidyi as a biopllutant on zooplankton community in the southern part of the Caspian Sea during 2001-2010 period. It becomes clear that Abundance and Distribution Range (ADR) of M.leidyi during 2001-2009 was in class E(occurrence in high numbers in all localities) and in year 2010 was in class D(occurrence in moderate numbers in all localities). from 2001- 2009, ADR in Summer season was in class E, but in summer 2010, relatinve biomass of M.leidyi has decreased and ADR was evaluated as D. During the fall seasons of 2001 -2010, only in fall of 2003 and 2010, the ADR was C(occurrence in low numbers in all localities) and D respectively and in other years, the ADR was in class E. In winter season relative biomass of M.leidyi decreased and only in winter of 2001 relative biomass was high and the highest ADR (class E). In winter 2003 and 2004, ADR was in class D. The biomass of M.leidyi was found to be zero in winter 2008. From winter of 2009-2010,ADR, were assessed B and A respectively. In the spring, ADR was evaluated A and D. Considering the obtained results, the yesr 2001, which the relative niomass was more than 90 percent, could be considered as the expantion phase and the following years (2002-2010) with regard to decrease of relative biomass as the adjustment phase. With regards to the loss of the keystone species (Eurytemora sP.) and some other native species, our evalution showed that the impact of M.leidyi on structure of zooplankton community was assessed as massive (C4).During summer and fall seasons that biomass of M.leidyi was higher than 50%, only A.tonsa exist, but during spring and winter seasons that biomass of M.leidyi was decreased and more species have a chance to exist.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; S Caspian Sea ; Mnemiopsid leidyi ; Zooplankton Community ; Native species ; Bioinvasions
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    Using biotechnology and chemical approach extraction of chitin and conversion to chitosan from the cyst shells of Artemia urmiana (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25618 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:34:53 | 25618 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Chitin and chitosan are 2 very important products of biopolymer that enjoy high consumption in industry, but their production sources are very limited. In this study, Artemia urmiana cyst shells were obtained from previously collected and stored ones in Iranian Artemia Research Center. 20 kg of Artemia urmiana cyst shells were sampled, cleaned, separated, dried and transferred to Iranian Artemia Research Center Laboratory to extract their Chitin and chitosan. Their chitin and chitosan initially were extracted using optimized common chemical methods. Their properties were compared to 2 other types of Chitin and chitosan obtained from crab and shrimp manufactured by Vietnam and China, respectively. To determine their quality, elemental analysis device, infrared spectrophotometry, x –ray radiography, determination of viscosity , molecular weight, crystallinity percent, color, de stylization measure, empirical and molecular formulas were made. The results showed that the percentage of chitin obtained from Artemia cyst Shells in Chemical method was 28 ± 3 % by weight and efficiency into chitosan (grade steel relief) in this method was 50± 5%. To optimize the extraction procedure and the removal of proteins of chitin by biological practices that were done by sodium hydroxide in the chemical method, it was replaced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. And in the bio- phase of chitosan de steelation fungus Aspergillus niger enzyme was replaced instead of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures. The results showed that chitin and chitosan can be extracted from Artemia cyst shell using biological method and their characteristics included as in chitin 49.6% C, 8.2 % N, 7.5 % H, and 34.5 %O. Also the same levels for chitosan were 44.4 %, 8.9, 7.2 and 39.5 %, respectively. Their other quality characteristics were included chitin average molecular weight 4.9×10^6 Dalton, crystallinity percentage of 36.4, viscosity at 20°C 31 centipoise and its color was gray to brown. In the biologic method, the average molecular weight of chitosan, crystallinity percentage, viscosity at 20°C, were 5.1×105 Dalton, 94.5, and 18 centipoises, respectively. Also, its color was pale brown. Chemical structure of extracted chitin and chitosan from the shell of Artemia urmiana cysts were C_7H_12NO_4 and C_6H_11 NO_4c, respectively. The comparison of chitin and chitosan obtained from each chemical and biological method revealed that replacing biological methods instead of chemical methods is possible in achieving these products at suitable condition and better quality. This can eliminate the use of chemicals damaging the environment such as sodium hydroxide and decrease environmental pollution.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Artemia urmiana cyst shell ; Chitin ; Chitosan ; Chemical ; Biological methods ; Crab shell ; Shrimp shell ; Biotechnology
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    Determining of DNA-barcoding of 6 – 8 species by partial sequencing of mtDNA (CO1) using molecular method (PCR-Sequencing) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25619 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 17:03:03 | 25619 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Barcodes are short segments of DNA that can be used to uniquely identify an unknown specimen to species, particularly when diagnostic morphological features are absent. These sequences could offer a new forensic tool in plant and animal Conservation-especially for endangered species. It was proved that a small fragment of mitochondrial DNA from the 5′-end of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene as a reliable, quick and costeffective identification system for most Crustacea like shrimp. Take a look in DNA barcoding website show that there is a little data about Iranian shrimps which live in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this Study six species of shrimp: Fenoro penaeus indicus, Fenoro penaeus merguensis, penaeus semisulcatus, Metapenaeus affinis, Marsupenaeus japonicas, Fenoro penaeus penicillatus were collected from different stations in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. All materials were preserved in 70% ethanol and were shipped to the laboratory for taxonomic studies. After identification, the total DNA was extracted; COI gene was first amplified and then sequenced for each species. Finally the collected data were analyzed with the specific phylogenetic software. The results were amazing and the interesting part was that analytical methods for showing species relationship suggested that Fenoro penaeus penicillatus is closer to Marsupenaeus gnus than penaeus gnus. This finding needs more investigation to be proved. We suggest a workflow for DNA barcoding, including database generation and management, which will ultimately be necessary if we are to succeed to join universal DNA barcode for Crustacea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; DNA ; DNA barcoding ; Species ; mtDNA ; CO1 ; Molecular method ; PCR ; Specimens ; Morphological ; Cytochrome ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Shrimp ; Fenoro penaeus indicus ; Fenoro penaeus merguensis ; Penaeus Semisulcatus ; Metapenaeus affinis ; Marsupenaeus japonicas ; Fenoro penaeus penicillatus
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    Biological survey of Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum) released fingerlings in Sefidroud River (Guilan Province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25612 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:15:05 | 25612 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Kutum fish (Rutilus kutum) is an anadromous cyprinid species that spawns in adjusted rivers to the Caspian Sea. Many million fingerlings were artificially produced and annually released in these rivers specifically in Sefidrud River by Iranian Fisheries Organization. In this study were estimated the staying period of Kutum fingerlings in Sefidrud River and its diet and growth. A small piece of the caudal fin was cut as a tagging method. About 50000 and 5200 individuals were marked during July and September 2013, respectively. The marked fish had an average total length 53.2±5.6 mm and body weight 1.11±0.26 g and were released in river around two kilometers of the estuary. The sampling of fishes had been earlier started from Feb. 2012 and continued until Feb. 2013 at five stations. Four stations were along river from three Kilometer of estuary to estuary and one station was in right side of estuary in the sea coast. The results showed that marked samples after releasing time were distributed in all studied area from 3 kilometers of estuary to estuary but they migrate mainly toward Caspian Sea in a short time. However the marked samples were observed in estuary and the sea coast after 6 and 24 hours of their releasing time, respectively, Kutum fingerlings remained in Sefidrud river ecosystem in a longer time, at least until end of our sampling period i.e. 105 days. The coefficient of vacuity index of the natural feeding study was 0.0, 49.0 and 30.6 % for phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos, respectively. The average of GastroSomatic index, intensity of fullness and condition factor were calculated 6.30±3.25, 174.6±153.2 and 0.92±0.09, respectively. A temporal and spatial variation on main food items were observed in gut content of fish fingerlings from different locations and seasons. Gut contents were generally included 59 genera of phytoplankton, 15 groups of zooplankton and 10 groups of benthos. Nitzschia, Navicula and Synedra were dominated among phytoplankton genera with 45.83, 18.02 and 15.99 %, respectively. Among zooplankton groups; the Rotaria, Moeina and Difflugia were dominated with 22.30, 20.86 and 15.83%, respectively. Chironomidae and Gammaridae were the main food items among fed benthic animals with 83.67 and 11.15%, respectively. Furthermore 48 phytoplankton genera, 32 zooplankton genera and 6 benthic families were identified in ecosystem of Sefidrud river. Bacillariophyta phylum (with 23 genus), Rotatoria (with17 genus) and Chironomidae family were dominated in each mentioned groups, respectively. It is concluded that the Kutum fingerlings stay in Sefidrud River for a long time, although most of them migrate to Caspian Sea during first month after releasing. However dietary indices were normal in studied samples, the condition factor index seems to be low.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Rutilus kutum ; Fingerlings ; Kutum ; Fish ; Rotaria ; Moeina ; Difflugia ; Phytoplankton
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    Study and relocation of corals in developing area of Shahid Beheshty port, Chabahar (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25623 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 07:07:34 | 25623 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The conservation of coral colonies is very vital for marine organisms and human. In Chabahar Bay, the coral reefs are in danger of destruction due to the development program of Shahid Beheshti Port. In this project, over 30,000 hard corals were transported to coast of Hotel Lipar an area at a distance of 3.5-4 kms far from Shahid Beheshti Port. Also, the new techniques were used for coral reattachment and transportation. The operation has done within expert divers and consultancy of Prof. Dr. Maikle Risk. Four methods performance as pailots. Since the corals are very sensitive to turbidity and suspended sediments from land reclamation and dredging projects, therefore appropriate measures should be conducted for conservation and recovery of them.37 patches in size 5×10 meters has built with concerete. Diffent sizes of corals were separated by mechanical tools and transported to new sites and reattachment on artificial sea bottom.Three monthes after the last reattachments monitored showed that %96.93 of corals were in good health. This success was the important achievement because of innovating coral carrier and mass coral relocation. At present, the coral relocation is suggested as a good method for recovery of coral reefs after a disturbance in condition of their native habitats.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Chabahar ; Port of Shahid Beheshti ; Corals ; Coral relocation ; Reattachment of Corals ; Marine ; Organisms ; Reefs ; Turbidity ; Sediments
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    Conservation and restoration of Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) stocks in the southern Caspian (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25617 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:24:05 | 25617 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The project is funded by the CASPECO Project which is the Third Phase of the GEF supported project in the Caspian Sea region titled “The Caspian Sea: Restoring Depleted Fisheries and Consolidation of a Permanent Regional Environmental Governance Framework”, and implemented by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) in partnership with four Coastal Research Centers affiliated to IFRO, Coldwater Fishes Research Centre (CFRC).The project's objective is to improve the conservation and restoration of Caspian Salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) stocks. In accordance with IUCN criteria Caspian Salmon is placed in the red list of endangered fish. In the recent decades the destruction of habitats for juveniles, reduction of genetic diversity and fish immune system were main causes of the Caspian salmon decline. Numbers of public meetings were held with participation of fishing communities’ representatives, experts, relevant local authorities and experts of the IFRO and Iranian Fisheries Organization (IFO), Iran Environment Protection Organization (IEPO), Water Resource Management (Ministry of Energy) and University senior professors, in order to create interaction and understanding of the project objectives. Educational awareness and extension program were conducted with the involvement of fisheries communities, private sector and NGO associations. The results of the project suggests that cross-sectoral coordination for sustainable fisheries can be achieved through building partnerships and enhancing communication between the environment, private, fisheries sectors and academia. Cross-sectoral cooperation through this project improved public awareness on growing risks facing Caspian Salmon from different sources including local sources (illegal fishing and over-fishing, urban wastewater, environment destruction, industrial pollutants, pollution of air and water resources), new emerging and invasive organisms, climate change, implications of the Caspian salmon population decline on economic and social affairs of the people who depend on them for their livelihood and food security and their role in fish stock protection. The project, through its capacity building, extension and educational programs and efforts to link science to management, could translate scientific findings into an action agenda for managers and policy makers that can bring an improvement in the future of the Caspian Sea salmon stock.
    Keywords: Management ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Conservation ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Caspian salmon ; Fisheries ; IFRO ; Juvenile ; Genetic diversity ; Immune system ; Illegal fishing ; Pollution
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    The study of feeding, reproduction and biological parameters of kilka fishes in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25622 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 05:50:41 | 25622 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The overfishing and changing environmental following the introduction of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea, the population structure has a strong influence on kilka fishes in the Caspian Sea and therefore to in this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions (where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar, Amirabad (in mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan), stimated catch and catch per unit effort, the age structur of catch, length- weight relationship, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios, maturity stags, spawning and feeding. The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2012 decreased from 24080 ton to 22696 ton in 2013. But CPUE increased was 2.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) and there was no significant changes. Common kilka was the predominant all months of the year, 98.1 and 98.9 percent in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The mean length was 104.4±10.5 and 101.6±11.2 at the same time and range length 92/ 5 – 117/5 mm were the dominant population(about 75%). Relative abundance of fish less than 77.5 mm and more than 127.5 mm is very low. Age abundance during this period have not been substantially changed and always fishes with 3 and 4 year olds had the highest frequency73.6 and 73.5 percent respectively. The parameters of the Von Bertalanffy growth curve were (8.141) 048.1 for common kilka. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) was 0.506 yr-1. The instantaneous coefficient of fihing mortality and total mortality were 0.694 yr-1 and 1.2 yr^-1 , respectively. The exploitation rate of common kilka varied during 2012-2013 between 0.41-0.50. The mean condition factor 1.41±0.14 (n=5801) and 1.38±0.16 (n=6754) at the same time respectively. According to statistical analysis Anova oneway were a significant difference between condition factor at the same time . Main prey common kilka was Acartia tonsa accounting for over 80%. It seems Common kilka due to a decrease in the frequency of other zooplankton species depend more than ever on Acartia tonsa and this species is probably a concentration of prey for Common kilka.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandaran Province ; Guilan Province ; Anzali ; Babolsar ; Kilka fishes ; Age ; Growth parameters ; Condition factor ; Exploitation rate ; Feeding ; Reproduction ; Overfishing ; Comb jelly ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Population ; Sex ratios ; Maturity ; Spawning ; Mortality ; ANOVA ; Acartia tonsa
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    A study of polluting agents in Maharloo salt lake (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25230 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:05:40 | 25230 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The ecological situation of Maharloo Lake is of a great importance in the province, especially in relation with continuous addition of a reasonable volume of municipal and industrial effluents to it; one major point being a source for different life cycle stages of the crustacean Artemia, which is used in aquaculture as natural food. In order to improve our knowledge about lake's pollution, we investigate mineral nutrients and heavy metal concentration, among some other physical and chemical characteristics. Three stations were selected in the lake, sampling trips were made, and the concentration of selected factors were measured monthly from January 2000 to December 2001. Using ANOVA, results were used to compare means of monthly factors between three stations, and means of three stations between 12 months. The yearly means for pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, electrical conductivity, water temperature, nitrite, nitrate, free ammonia, carbonate, bicarbonate, dissolved CO_2, phosphate, alkalinity, chloride, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, total dissolved solids, and total particulate matter were 7.95 (SD=0.558), 2.92ppm (SD=2.11), 290.73ppt (SD=168.08), 375.52ms/cm (SD=232.72), 20.8 C (SD=7.4), 0.051ppm (SD=0.058), 0.111ppm (SD=0.089), 3.342ppm (SD=2.894), 67.75ppm (SD=66.84), 270.88ppm (SD=190.91), 63.57ppm (SD=37.94), 0.018ppm (SD=0.026), 328.97ppm (SD=216.14), 128.05ppt (SD=76.65), 3334.90ppm (SD=4769.87), 22719.22ppm (SD=45204.82), 18059.73ppm (SD=12513.54), 203.20ppt (SD=132.40), and 8.65ppm (SD=5.49), respectively. Heavy metals' highest concentrations were as: As=23ppb, Co=303ppb, Cd=970ppb, Pb=8510ppb and Hg=25ppb, while no value was recorded in several months. Our results showed no significant differences between stations' means for most of the factors, but different months were significantly different in many factors (P〈0.05). Maharloo Lake demonstrated various levels of pollution regarding to nutrient minerals and heavy metals, but special attention to the relations of water- precipitations is needed for a more concise understanding of its pollution. Results of this investigation can serve as a good record of the lake situation in drought conditions.
    Keywords: Pollution ; Iran ; Maharloo ; Maharloo salt lake ; Saline lakes ; Pollution ; Nutrients ; Heavy metals ; Artemia
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    Identification of qanats in Rafsanjan, Sirjan and Ravar cities for fish culture (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25229 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:14:35 | 25229 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Study and recognition of the Quanat water of Rafsanjan, Sirjan and Ravar cities has been beginning since the November of 2004. Among 228 Quanat chains were studied in these cities, 165 quanat chains had a discharge more than 10 liter per second (L/Se) which were sampled. In this research oxygen, pH, discharge, water temperature and air temperature were measured in two times and in the local place. Height from the sea level, longitude and latitude were measured (by GPS Machine) in one time and in the local place and other physical and chemical factors including No_2, No_3, Co_2, total hardness, NH_3 and So_4 were measured one time in the laboratory. In this manner, the condition of connection ways of considered Quanat with city was studied. With examination on the Quanat water in above said cities, all of Quant was within desired extents for aquaculture activities. Moreover in some of them, water temperature was higher than 20 degree centigrade that with some changes and in specific months can be used in aquaculture.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Rafsanjan ; Sirjan ; Ravar ; Fish ; Aquaculture ; Quant ; Water ; Oxygen ; pH ; Temperature ; No2 ; No3 ; Co2 ; NH3
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    A study of the field trial effects of Eltosil® (recombinant bovine somatotropin) on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25227 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:02:34 | 25227 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The major reason application of growth hormone (GH) in fish was commercial use of rapid growth and more replication fish. Numerous studies demonstrated that recombinant bovine somatotropin increased growth rates in several fish species. However, such studies have not been done yet in Iran. This research was taken in two steps. In the first step of experiments, 1200 rainbow trout larvae (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 0.5±0.05 gram were randomly allotted in two groups including: 1) the control group and 2) Eltosil® group, each in three replicate. These larvae were randomly divided in six 100 liter square troughs with a continuous water flow of 1 liter per minute. In the second step of experiments, 600 rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) weighing 45±1 grams were randomly allotted in two groups including: 1) the control group and 2) Eltosil® group, each in three replicate. These fry were randomly divided in six 2,000 liter round concrete ponds with a continuous water flow of 5 liter per minute. Through and ponds were supplied with a well water (temp. range: 15 2; O2: 7.2 0.2; pH= 8 0.3). In the first step of experiments, the fish were hand-fed with commercial pellets (Biomar) ten times daily at the beginning of the experiments and reached four times daily during continuous growth. In the second step of experiments, the fish were hand-fed with commercial pellets (Cheeneh) four times daily at the beginning of the experiments and reached two times daily during continuous growth. In this research, the fish received of 200g Eltosil® per 100kg BW. The administration method of Eltosil® -mixed feed to fish was once a week for 4 consecutive weeks at each treatment stage, totally 8 times for 12 weeks (once a week, 4 times in the first step; withdrawal for four weeks in the second step; once a week for 4 times in the third step). The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of Eltosil® (oral recombinant bovine somatotropin 1%) on growth performance in rainbow trout. Accordingly, to calculate growth factors, fish were weighed weekly and their body lengths were measured every other week. At the end of each rearing period (on days 28, 56, 84) the means of whole body weight (WBW), weight gain (WG), average daily growth (ADG), total length (TL), average daily length (ADL), grams of weight gain per gram of food (G/F) in control and Eltosil® groups were calculated. Also, specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), food conversion rate (FCR), and the percentage of survival ratio in the control and Eltosil® groups were calculated. Moreover, at the end of the rearing period (on day 84), comparative growth rate (CGR), means of WBW, WG, TL, ADL and FCR in the control and Eltosil® groups were calculated. The results obtained in the first step of this research demonstrated that there were no significant differences between growth factors in the control and the Eltosil® groups (p〉 0.05) on days 28; 56; 84 of rearing periods. Also, the results of the second step showed that there were no significant differences between growth factors in the control and Eltosil® groups (p〉 0.05) on days 28 and 56 of rearing periods. However, in second step of experiments, there were significant differences between means of growth factors in WBW (p= 0.019), WG (p〈 0.05), ADG (p= 0.009), TL (p〈 0.001), and ADL (p= 0.04) of the control and Eltosil® groups on day 84 in rainbow weighing 45±1 grams. In the same period, there was greater 11.2% CGR in Eltosil® group than the control group. There was no significant difference between the percentage of survival ratio of the control and Eltosil® groups in any rearing periods (p〉 0.05). In this research generally, oral administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (Eltosil®) for eight weeks increased final WBW, WG, ADG, TL, ADL, and CGR in rainbow trout fry weighing 45±1 grams on day 84. This data showed that oral administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (Eltosil®) was a suitable way to improve growth performance in rainbow trout fry weighing 45±1 grams; but it was not in rainbow trout fry weighing 0.5±0.05 gram.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin ; Rbst ; Eltosil® ; Growth Performance ; Rainbow Trout ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; LG ; Hormone ; GH
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    Research of possibility of producing of Ice cream through substituting milk protein with condensed protein (FPC) of silver carp (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25231 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 05:59:12 | 25231 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Fish is a valuable nutritional source witch use of it in daily meal has a beneficial role on nutritional needs supply and also causes mental and physical health especially in people who have protein and food deficiencies. Unfortunately, per capita consumption of sea foods in Iran is 5.5Kg which is very lower than world standards (18 kg). So, study on fish ice cream formulation, by use of fish protein concentrate (FPC) instead of milk protein, had done to make variation in sea foods products and also increase per capita consumption of these kinds of foods. FPC has very high protein concentration and a lot of necessary amino acids like lysine and methionine. Also its protein is very digestible with highly biological value and it's PER in compare with casein PER is high. At first fish protein concentrate type A produced from silver carp in three steps by the extraction with isopropyl alcohol solvent and heat. Microbiological and physicochemical specifications of produced FPC by rules of FDA and FAO were accepted. Finally according to panel test results, substitution of 30 percent of milk with FPC in comparison with 50%, 70% FPC substitution prepared (P〈0/05). Also microbiological and physicochemical specifications of product were tested and results in compare with national standards of Iran were accepted.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Fish ice cream ; Fish Protein Concentrate ; Silver Carp ; Nutritional ; Amino acids
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    Investigation on production frozen minced fish meat and frozen fish ball from Abramis brama (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25239 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 06:54:42 | 25239 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: To study the preparation of frozen minced meat from abramis brama orientalis commonly known as sim from Arras lake and from silver carp cultured in the Azerbaijan province, and later this minced meat converted to fish ball and fish burger, in this process microbial, chemical and organoleptic tests was done on samples for frozen minced meat on Sims fish the TVN was 10.1 in zero phase and 14.1 after three month and peroxide value from 0.9 t0 3.1 at the same duration. But he value was higher when converted to fish ball, TVN ranged from 14 to17.6 and per oxide from 1.1 to 4.7 after three month, the unit for TVN was mg/100gram and peroxide unit meq/1000 gram, the microbial tests was also resulted in an acceptable range, the meat of Sims fish had no significant difference with the silver carp comparatively only the color and the smell of the fish was little different, so we could conclude that we can use Sim fish meat for frozen minced meat product and this can increase the consumption of fish in the region in the future.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Azerbaijan province ; Aras lake ; Minced fish meat ; Frozen fish ball ; Abramis brama ; Silver Carp ; Culture ; Oreganoleptic test ; Samples
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    The survey statistical and biological of sturgeon in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran waters) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25627 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:48:29 | 25627 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study have been conducted entitle biological and statistical sturgeon in the southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran waters)” from 2009 to 2013. Sampling was manthly. Overal, 1859 specimens of different species of sturgeon was caught including Acipenserpersicus (69%), A. stellatus (19%), Husohuso (6%), A. nudiventris (4%) and A. guldenstaedtii (2%). Totally, the meat and caviar of five species were found 53263.6 kg and 5633 kg respectively and caviar to meat ratio was 10.6%. The results show that ration of meat and caviar whole species reduced from 2009 to 2012 in which the meat and caviar of A. persicus was declined from 12146 to 4465 kg in meat and caviar from 1358 to 487 kg were extremely reduced respectively. The CPUE (catch per unit effort) of sturgeon has fluctuated from 2009 to 2012. Totally, the CPUE of A. persicus was decreased from 0.150 (2009) to 0.130 (2012) kg boat per day, A. stellatue from 0.009 (2009) to 0.021 (2012) kg boat/day, A. guldenstaedtii from 0.002 (2009) to 0.003 (2012) kg boat/day, A. nudiventris from 0.027 (2009) to 0.001 (2012) kg boat/day and H. huso from 0.123 (2009) to 0.018 (2012) kg boat /day. 1061 specimens of fish has been caviar including A. persicus with 69%, A. stellatus (18.1%), H. huso (5.5%), A. guldenstaedtii (2.7%). The frequency of caviar categorize was included 1 , 2, 3 and massive with 49.6%, 38%), 10.6% and 1.9%, respectively. The highest of meat and caviar belong to A. persicus with 31414 kg and 3515.7 kg, respectively were found and the lowest was 841kg and 105.9 kg pertain to A. guldenstaedtii. The results show that 65.9% of sturgeon was caught by legal catch (landing) and 34.1% by beach seine remained. 391 individuals was age determined that the minimum and maximum age was 9 and 41 year comprised to H.huso and A. stellatus, respectively. A. persicus and A. stellatus were majority caught compare to other species. A. persicus has the highest frequency in 14-15 year age groups with 50% and 57% in 2009 and 2011, respectively and 15-16 year age group with 41% and 56% in 2010 and 2012, respectively. The results show that mean of fork length, body weight, caviar weight of A. persicus was declined because the FL and weight average (±SD) obtained from 152.4±16.7cm and 25.8±9.2 kg in 2009 to 146.5± 18.7cm and 22.1±9.2kg in 2012, respectively. In contrast, the average (±SD) FL and weight of H. huso was increased from 218.8±41.1cm and 137.3±96.6kg in 2009 to 231.3±45.2cm in FL and 146.2±78.5kg body weight in 2012, respectively. Consequently, the results show that stocks of sturgeon in the Caspian Sea has a trend declined because of some species in IUCN categorize list was Endangered in 2006 but at this moment lie in Critically Endangered list of IUCN categorize were down which could be a serious alarm for the valuable sturgeon fish in the Caspian Sea. Therefore, recommendation that trade catch of sturgeon in the Caspian Sea must be forbidden and continue legal catch for spawner fish that needede to artificial propagation only.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Biology ; Sturgeons ; A. persicus ; A. stellatus ; A. guldenstaedtii ; A. nudiventris ; H. huso ; CPUE
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    The effectiveness of artificial reefs for rehabilitation and production of fisheries in Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25250 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:29:01 | 25250 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: An artificial Reef is a fabricated, underwater structure, typically built for promoting marine life in areas of generally featureless bottom. Creating artificial reefs began from 2000 in southern provinces in Iran. This study has surveyed about the Bushehr and Khozestan states. The objective is to determine the effectiveness of artificial reefs in attracting and enhancing the production different aquatics through increasing of fish assemblage and fishery. The performance of artificial reefs deployed off the coast of the Persian Gulf in 10 to 15m, was evaluated. The reefs comprised of seven artificial and one control (natural) statistical tests plan in three replicates. Three types of artificial reefs were used in this study. That two were designed reefs and one was not designed or used material. The experimental plan consisted (i) Reef ball (R), designed hemispherical shaped; (ii) Laneh Mahi (L), designed pyramid shaped; (iii) Used material (U); (iv) mixed (RL); (v) mixed (RU); (vi) mixed (LU); (vii) mixed (RLU); and (viii) control site (CS). Trap nets and under-water visual census surveys were adopted for seasonal sampling of fish aggregation. Results of statistical analysis using ANOVA and T-test of the mean Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) showed significant difference (p〈0.05) in term of computing number of fish for aggregation of fishes. The study has concluded that reef deployments have influenced favorably the fish communities and fish harvests. Therefore, the artificial reefs, especially the mixed RLU, are appropriate tools for future fishing enhancement in the Persian Gulf of Iran.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khozestan Province ; Bushehr Province ; Artificial reefs ; Fisheries ; Marine ; Survey ; Hemispherical ; ANOVA ; CPUE ; Underwater structure
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    Hydrology and hydrobiology data analysis collected during 1998-2007 (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25245 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:22:16 | 25245 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Annually, many data of hydrology and hydrobiology of the southern Caspian Sea at Iran's coasts were collected by Caspian Sea Research Institute of Ecology. The data which had been collected by researchers submitted annually in several reports but has not been processed all at once. Fluctuations of various parameters were surveyed and the relationships between them were analyzed. The main goal of this research is to analysis the data were obtained from 1994 to 2006 and show changes the concentration of various parameters in the Caspian Sea. Physicochemical data indicated that the average trend of transparency and salinity was decreased from 1994 to 2006 annually, where the salinity value was decreased from 12.37 ppt (part per thousand) to 11.5 ppt. The average of dissolved oxygen was increased from 6.4 to 8.6mg/l. pH has slightly fluctuated from 8.15 to 8.31. However, with increasing depth from surface to bottom, the average of dissolved oxygen was sharply decreased (DO concentration in surface and 800 m was 7.18 and 1.45 mg/l, respectively). The trend of salinity and pH fluctuation was very slow with depth but the salinity has an increasing with incrementing of depth but pH has a decreased trend. The average of organic and inorganic phosphorus and TP was nearly increased. The average of Nitrate and Silica sharply increased comparing to depth but the average of Nitrite and organic Nitrogen decreased. The results showed that the temperature fluctuation in different water layers was low in winter but the dramatic decreasing of temperature was occurred at 10-20 m (in spring), 20-50 m (in winter) and 50-100 m (in autumn). With increasing of depth (Slope of the Sea), transparency and salinity values have an increasing while DO and pH showed decreased. As a whole, 335 species of phytoplankton were identified, there are 70 species in advance as these species were not seen in this period but 96 of novel's species have been recorded. The lowest and the most of phytoplankton biomass was recorded in 2006 and 2001 while the biomass was 59 and 1034 mg/m^3, respectively. Albet, the lowest biomass was recorded at the depth of 100 m (24.1 mg/m^3) but the maximum was observed in surface layer (1344.1 mg/m^3). The average of phytoplankton biomass was increased after arrival of the ctenophore. There was a significant difference between the average of biomass in different seasons before and after of the ctenophore invasion (P〈0.001). Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta have the most cell abundance with a total of biomass of 52.7 and 37, respectively. From 1994 to 2006, species diversity (Shanon-Niner), evenness and richness were estimated between 3.02-1.29, 0.28-0.61 and 4.32-7.60, respectively. A total of 65 zooplankton species were identified with a frequent species in the Caspian Sea before the ctenophore invasion, while the species diversity decreased after the invasion. The high and the lowest of species diversity was recorded in 1994-1995 and 2006 and in 1999 the biomass of the zooplankton were observed between 12.6 mg/l and 363.8 mg/l, respectively. After arrival of ctenophore, the averages of zooplankton biomass at of the different depths were sharply decreased and were less than the ctenophore invasion. The result showed that there was a significant difference among the average of zooplankton biomass in two periods, seasons and west, middle and east regions as follows: P〈0.001, P〈0.008 and P〈0.01. The maximum abundance and biomass of zooplankton belonged to copepoda with %51.5 and %63, respectively. Rotatoria falls in the second class from 1994 to 2006 (during 1994-2006), species diversity, evenness and richness were varied between 0.19-1.6, 0.08-0.52 and 0.37-2.29, respectively. The species diversity of macrobenthic organisms at the same period s followd by zooplankton changes which sharply decreased. The average of benthic biomass reduced from 13.7 g/m^2 in 1994-1995 to 1.8 g/m^2 in 2004 but sharply increased in 2005 with a maximum value of 46.7 g/m^2. With increasing of depth, the average of benthic biomass was sharply decreased. There was a significant difference (P〈0.001) in macrobethic organisms abundance before and after the ctenophore invasion, but it did not show a significant difference between seasons and different regions (as follows: P〉0.137, P〉0.782). Before the presence of ctenophore, the worms had been constituted a dominate group with an approximately %45 of total abundance and also %20 of their biomass. After this period, their frequency was sharply increased (more than %85) but the maximum value pertains to Cardidae (more than %90). The species diversity, evenness and richness were varied between .69-2.51, 0.23-0.63 and .011-3.79, respectively. AMBI software, Shanon-Viner parameter was moderate in all seasons from 1994 to 1996 but this parameter was reduced in a bad limit (boundary) in the most seasons from 2002 to 2005. The main parameter of M-AMBI consists of several parameters and also approximately showed similar changes such as Shanon -viner parameter. On basis of this parameter, the ecological quality condition of Caspian Sea was superior limit in all seasons from 1994 to 1996 but after the following years were decreased from good to moderate limits (After the presence of ctenophore). Relationship between abiotic variants and phytoplankton indicated that there was a direct relationship between transparency and salinity while there was a powerful and reversal significant relationship between transparency water temperature, transparency in organic Nitrate, phytoplankton number and transparency phytoplankton biomass. The comparison between different variants average in two periods (before and after the ctenophore invasion) indicated that the average of Kilka catch was decreased, the relative frequency of clupeonella engrauliformis and clupenoella grimmi was sharply reduced but the relative frequency of Clupeonella cultriventris was sharply increased, the species diversity, evenness and richness and the number of zooplankton species were sharply decreased, the average of biomass and transparency was sharply reduced, the average of dissolved oxygen and liza saliens or liza auratus catch were increased. These difference were often significant (P〈0.05). Therefore, with the ctenophore invasion into the Caspian Sea, the primary production was increased, the biomass value of zooplankton and specially Kilka which fed on zooplankton were sharply decreased while the fish such as Rutilus frisii kutum and mullet (Liza salins or Liza aurratus) which fed on benthic were increased.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Transparency ; Salinity ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Species ; Phytoplankton ; Biomass ; Bacillariophyta ; Pyrrophyta ; Diversity ; Zooplankton ; Rutilus frisi kutum ; Liza salins ; Liza aurratus
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    Possibility of using fresh water rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus for feeding Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25253 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 06:53:45 | 25253 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Acipenser persicus, one of the native Species living in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, has high Percentage of larval mortality. Therefor to decrease the rate of mortality of larvae survival and to increase to regenerate properly during the active feeding process of fish larvae, while under artificial reproduction they were fed withe fresh water rotifer. Four types of feeding treatments were applied as follow: Treatment 1: Similar to normal process, first withe Artemia cyst then withe Daphnia Treatment 2: Mixture of Artemia, Rotifer and Daphnia; Treatment 3 freshwater Rotifera ;Treatment 4: fresh water Rotifer enriched with Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid- 6- Palmytat).Three replicates were used for each treatment. In the process of each observation 45 larvae in containers withe 100 liter capacity filled with 30 liters of water, after 8 days of external feeding process, were inspected closely, during which , they were under biometric measurement once every two days. Larvae were fed Four times a day at a rate of 25% of their body weight. The average temperature estimation was 22.5±0.5 centigrade, pH .of water being 85±0.1 while Oxygen proved to be 9.58±0.2 mg/l. At the end of the observation, the profile fatty acids of the remains were studied. The growth factors, the mouth size of the larvae and the expansion of the mouth size compared to the total length of the larvae during the whole observation were inspected. Credibility of data designated was examined by Shapiro Wilks test. Specific growth rate (SGR), weight growth (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were contemplated by one-way analysis test, and significant difference Tukey's test. The most notable diversity was evident between treatment 2, whose indicative factors were in the following order: 4.65± 0.06, 45.18±0.66, 4/48 ± 0/07 and treatment 4 whose indicative factors showed the following results: 10.47±0.04, 124.42±0.62, 1.51±0/008.For the determination of fatness rate and weight gains, Kruskal Valis and Man vit ni test were used .In this part of study , the highest diversity fatness appeared to be between treatment 4 ,reflecting 0.79±0.07 and treatment 2 showing the result 0.62±0.05.The highest gain was related to treatment 4, whit the rate of 99.33±0/68 mgr and the lowest gain occurred in treatment 2 white the rate 62.36 ± 0.65 mgr. This study also revealed that, the survival ratio connected with treatments 3 and 4, compared treatments 1 and 2, were significantly different. The profile of fatty acids also showed much higher percentage of PUFA and HUFA in treatments 3 and 4, than those in other treatments. Furthermore Brachionus calyciflorus proved to be a proper food supply for larvae. Therefore by building suitable pools next to the work side, other kinds of species fresh water rotifer could also be used as food improvements for feeding larvae.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Brachionus calyciflorus ; Acipenser persicus ; Fatty acid ; Larvae culture ; Vitamin C ; Larval survival ; Species ; Mortality ; Feeding ; Artemia ; Cyst ; Ascorbic acid ; Oxygen ; Growth ; SGR ; FCR ; Fresh water
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    Genetic national plan study in order to shrimp breeding and developing of shrimp culture technology (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25256 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:21:26 | 25256 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Sampling was done using 90 post larvae which were produced by reproduction of some broodstock of Penaeus indicus in one day and reared in the same situation for 4 month. Samples were classified in 3 group high growth, medium and low (according to their weight and length). Genomic DNA was extracted from a 1cm^2 piece of muscle using the phenol-chloroform method. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done using 21 RAPD loci. And PCR products were separated on 3% Agarose gels. From 21 studied loci, 12 produced polymorphic bands. The most polymorphic band produced using OPAQ 9 and the least by OPAQ 7. According to Nei 1972, the highest distance (0.457) was between low growth group and medium and the lowest (0.091) between high growth group and medium, therefore the highest identity (0.912) was between high growth group and medium and the lowest (0.633) between low growth group and medium. Consensus neighbour-joining tree using Nei (1972 and 1978) resulted in two clades, the first including high and medium growth groups and the second low growth group, it appears that low growth group are depended on separated population of the two others. With considering of mean weight of F1(16.25±1.5), mean weight of 15 ±1.2 and mean weight of parent 31.6, response to selection (R) and heritability for growth in this species were estimated 1.2±0.2 and 0.07±0.01 respectively. In another part of this study Sequencing of specific bands and primer design were done and examining of them on the same age specimens is necessary in following.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Penaeus indicus ; High growth ; RAPD marker ; Genetic ; Shrimp ; Breeding ; Culture ; Sampling ; Broodstock ; Phenol-chloroform methods ; Population ; Species ; Specimens
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    Manufacture of artificial diet to feeding of western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in larval stages and in comparison with import diet (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25252 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 06:41:06 | 25252 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: For the accomplish of project, nine treatments with three replicate in each treatment, used as follows. Control treatment: Feeding with natural foods (Chaetoceros sp and artemia nauplii) Treatment 1: Feeding with combination of inner artificial diet and natural foods. Treatment 2: Feeding with combination of imported artificial diet and natural foods. Treatment 3: feeding from zoea 1 to mysis 1 with chaetoceros sp and from mysis 1 to pl15 with inner artificial diet. Treatment 4: feeding from zoea 1 to mysis 1 with chaetoceros sp and from mysis 1 to pl15 with imported artificial diet. Treatment 5: feeding from zoea 1 to pl15 with project artificial diet. Treatment 6: feeding from zoea 1 to pl15 with imported artificial diet. Treatment 7: Feeding in zoeal stages with chaetoceros sp and from mysis 1 to pl15 with chaetoceros sp+artemia nauplii+ imported artificial diet. Treatment 8: Feeding in zoeal stages with chaetoceros sp and from mysis 1 to pl15 with chaetoceros sp+artemia nauplii+ project artificial diet. Larvae stocked at a density of 100 nauplii/ L-1 (1000 nauplii in each tank each tank), at the beginning of culture period The results showed that, in treatments 1, 2, 7 and 8 from zoea 1 to pl15, growth indexes were suitable and noticible, and in most treatment better than control treatment. Survival percent, in pl15 in treatment 1, 2, 7 and 8 was more than control treatment, and differention between treatment 1, 2 and 8 in comparision with control treatment was statictically significant (p〈0.05). Survival percent in treatments 5 and 6 from stages zoea 1 to late zoea 3 stage, in comparision with other treatments were lesser, but without statictically significant (p〉0.05). But thereafter, significantly decresed. In treatments 3 and 4 from zoea 1 to late mysis 3 stage, survival percent in comparision with other treatments were suitable, and thereafter, significantly decreased, and with statictically significant with other treatments (p〈0.05). The means of final weight in treatments 1, 3 and 8 was more than control treatment, but without statictically significant (p〉0.05), but in treatment 8, was more than other treatments. The mean of final length between treatments 1, 2, 6, 7, 8 and in comparision with control treatment, were not statistically significant (p〉0.05). But in treatment 2, more than control treatment, and in other treatments less than control treatment.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Larvae culture ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Imported artificial diet ; Inner microbound artificialdiet ; Feeding ; White shrimp ; Larval stage ; Chaetoceros Sp. ; Artemia nauplii ; Zoea ; Mysis ; Diet
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    Broodstock management, reproduction, cryopreservation in salmonid, genetic management and selective breeding in responsible aquaculture (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25651 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:48:20 | 25651 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to codify the guideline and indexes of broodstock management in salmonid fish and cryopreservation, selective breeding and sex reversal in hatchery to attain responsible aquaculture development. Cryopreservation includes of sperm and egg in term of economic is important in aquaculture. In this report mentioned the type and name of material. All female and sex reversal fish are produced by steroid hormone which mentioned in this report. Selective breeding include individual selection and family selection which could be used for genetic improvement of fish.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Management ; Iran ; Broodstock ; Reproduction ; Cryopreservation ; Genetic ; Breeding ; Aquaculture ; Salmonid fish ; Sex reversal ; Hatchery ; Sperm ; Egg ; Female ; Steroid hormones
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    Production of bacterial probiotic from trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for improvement of immune system and challenge to streptococcosis (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25649 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 08:09:48 | 25649 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted for the first time and the effects of probiotic bacteria isolated from the gut of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the first step, after the purification of the isolated bacteria, probiotic properties in vitro was assessed with injection to healthy fish and challenge with three species of pathogenic bacteria in culture media. The second phase of the bacteria isolated in 5 treatments (log 7, 8 and 9 of the lactic bacteria (LAB), Vibrio sp and Pseudomonas sp) and a control treatment on growth and survival, hematological parameters (RBC and WBC cells), immunology and physiology parameters tested during the 60 days of the above parameters after 30 and 60 days and finally at the end, the final assessment was Streptococcosis resistance in fish. The results showed that the isolated bacteria were able to enhance the growth parameters (weight, feed conversion, feed fat, protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate) and survival. The results showed that log 8 LAB was significant difference with other treatments and control. When using log 8 LAB and Vibrio, the MCV, MCH and MCHC were decreased with no significant difference. The log 8 has the greatest effect on the amount of liver enzyme (AST), IgM and complement component C3, and had significant difference with other treatments. The challenge examination to Streptococcus iniae showed the highest survival in treatments with log 8 (96.66%), and Vibrio (93.33%) and then subjected to other treatments and control are also the least survival (25.38%). The conclusion of that study is the first probiotic properties of bacteria isolated from trout to changes in quality indicators are in particular the LAB bacteria and the second log 8 of LAB had significant positive of changes development and safety, and the fish are resistanted against Streptococcosis.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Health ; Iran ; LAB ; Rainbow trout ; Growth ; Immune system ; Streptococcosis ; Bacterial ; Oncorhynchus mykis ; Pathogenic ; Survival ; Hematological parameters
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    Extraction‚ purification, identification and amount verification of steroids in Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergesni algae in Oman Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25642 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:40:17 | 25642 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Padina boergesenii is one of the most abundant brown algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of Padina boergesenii by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and by Methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above alga were identified as 22dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), ostreasterol (6) and two epimer of hyroxyestrol(7), based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Persian Gulf ; Brown Algae ; Padina boergesenii ; Steroids compounds ; Extraction ; Purification ; Identification ; Amount verification ; Sargassum glaucescens ; Algae ; Abundant ; Sampling ; Chromatography ; Cephadex ; Dehydrocholesterol ; Cholesterol ; Fucosterol ; β-sitosterol ; Stigmasterol ; Ostreasterol
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  • 135
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    The feasibility of Gamasiab river area fish farming of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25665 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 03:04:11 | 25665 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was carried out about 15 months to determine suitable locations for the development of aquaculture across the Gamasiab river of Hamedan province in 2007 - 2008. Physicochemical parameters and macro benthic invertebrates fauna 15 and 13 stations respectively every 45 days and seasonally fish identify in 8 stations were performed according standard methods. The average water temperature was 12.8±3.7 oC, minimum and maximum dissoled oxygen were 2.6 and 12.5 mg/lit respectively during the study. The pH range was between 7.5-8.8 , the minimum and maximum Ec was 250 and 750 µmos/cm in Mehr and Tir. The transparency range was recorded about 1-103 F.T.U. The uder factors such as amount of suspended materials: 0.01-0.1 mg/l, amount of BOD5: 0.05-6.2 mg/l and COD: 30 (minimum) and 70.57 (maximum) were recorded. The total solids material (T.S.S) were less than 1 mg/lit. Totally 37 groups of bentic organisms were identified which 11 groups of them were appertained to pollution sensitive orders containing Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Plecoptera. During fish population studied 21 species belonging 5 family were identified. Based on obtained results of biological, ecological, economic and social parameters, 10 sites in 7 areas were suitable identified for fish rearing and 12 aquaculture programs (10 plan for fish rearing and 2 plan for increasing fish production of (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The minimum and maximum production capacity in mentioned places was estimated about 1675 and 3850 tons respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Hamedan province ; Gamasiab river ; Feasibility ; Complexes of fish farms ; Biotic and Abiotic factors ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Rainbow trout
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  • 136
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    The production of plant protein diet, and determination of their effects on western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) growth indexes at earthen ponds (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25784 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:36:54 | 25784 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The effects of one diet contain of 42 percent soybean meal (experimental treatment with 38 percent crude protein) in comparison with commercial diet (control treatment with 39 percent crud protein) at 6 earthen ponds, each one with the area of 0.4 ha, ( 2 treatments and 3 replicates in each treatment) on growth indexes of western white shrimp (Litopenaeusvannamei) was determined. The initial weight of post larvae was 0.008±0.001g, with density of 25 ind/m^2 . The mean of culture periode in the experimental treatment and control treatment was 115 dayes, The mean of growth rate (GR) in the experimental treatment and control treatment was 15.70±0.88g and 15.60±0.52 g, respectively and significant statistically difference was between those (p〈0.05). The food conversion ratio (FCR), in the experimental treatment and control treatment was 1.80 ±0.08g and 1.76±0.06 g, respectively, and significant statically difference was between those (p〈0.05). Specific growth rate (SGR) in the experimental treatment and control treatment was 2.38 ±0.03 percent and 2.38 ±0.04 percent, respectively and significant statically difference was between those (p〈0.05). The average daily weight gain (ADG), in the experimental treatment and control treatment was 0.136 ±0.007g and 0.135±0.004 g respectively, and no significant statistically difference was between those (p〉0.05).The net protein utilization (NPU) in the experimental treatment and control treatment was 17.05 ±0.38 percent and 11.80±0.26 percent respectively, and significant statistically difference was between those (p〈0.05). The yield of shrimp in experimental treatment and control treatment was 2853.58 ±64.14 kg/ha and 2864.83±168.57kg/ha respectively, and significant statistically difference was between those (p〈0.05). The survival in the experimental treatment and control treatment was 91 ±1.78 percent and 92±2.41 percent, and no significant statically difference was between those (p〉0.05).The amount of diet consumption, in the experimental treatment and control treatment was 5144±112.23 kg and 5055±59.77 kg respectively, and significant statistically difference was between those (p〈0.05). The price of 1 kg of plant diet and commercial diet computed 34.000 rials and 43.000 rials respectively. In the shrimp body analysis, crude protein percent, in the experimental treatment was more than control treatment and significant statistically difference was computed between those (p〈0.05). Totally, the use of plant protein for the feeding of L.vannamei in the earthen pond, can decrease the cost of plant diet, 20 percent lower than commercial diet.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Plant diet ; Commercial diet ; L.vannamei ; Earthen Pond ; Growth indexes ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Protein ; Diet ; Western white shrimp
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  • 137
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    Feasibility study of Tehran province water resources for fish production – Phase 1: Salehabad Qanat (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25793 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:12:04 | 25793 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This feasibility study carried out in response to request of Tehran Province Fisheries Management, in order to Qanat Salehabad water assessment for aquaculture relataed purposes in Tehran Municipality – Regions 19 & 20. During 6 monthes between May – October 2011 in 3 sampling stations by 3 replicates investigations executed. Physic-chemical, Heavy methals, organochloro-organophosphore pesticides and microbial nominated parameters analysed in reference to Iran national and international standards as well, resulted an overall assessment on quality and quantity of Qanat water for aquaculture purposes. Results expressed station 1 in all studied seasons can be develop for fisheries warmwater applications and in cold seasons (September-March) fisheries coldwater relevant activities can be consider. Stations No 2 & 3 known as infeasible for fisheries applications but would be recommend for agriculture rrigation. According to the results, possibility of developing live fish shopping centers (Cold – warmwatetr fishes) between station 1 and before crossing the Qanat flow and Behesht-e-Zahra freeway is considerable, indeed water rights could be negotiate between Tehran Municipality and Tehran province Fisheries Bureo. Also application of feasible anti microbial filters and other minimum limitation parameters control is necessary before leading Qanat water flow into proposed live fish shop. And suitable septic tank is recommended at the outlet of proposed fisheries units. Monitoring of nominated physic-chemical & microbial parameters during operation of fisheries unites highly recommended.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Tehran province ; Salehabad ; Qanat ; Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Fish ; Physicochemical ; Heavy metals
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  • 138
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    Trout farms and other human activities effects on Cheshmehkileh river ecosystem in Tonekabon (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25792 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:54:26 | 25792 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Management ; Iran ; Tonekabon ; Cheshmehkileh ; River ; Pollution ; Aquaculture ; EPTC ; Assessment ; Macroinvertebrates ; Chemistry ; Microbiology
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    A study on methanol extract of garlic (Allium sativum) on immunity level of Mugil cephalus larvae (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25795 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:20:21 | 25795 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different levels of Garlic (Allium sativum) methanol extract on the growth performances (final weight (FW), daily growth ratio (DGR), feed conversion rate (FCR), voluntary feed intake (VFI) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) and some of hematological parameters (hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 360 of larvae (with an average weight of 0.75±0.03g) in 4 treatments: control group without using Echinacea extract, another group (treatment 2, 3 and 4) the amounts of this extract were 50,100 and 200 g/kg food. The highest FW (4.22±0.11g), DGI (1.72±0.50%) and the lowest FCR (0.95±0.05) and VFI (1.77±0.05%), were observed in treatment 4. But treatment 4 in all of these growth parameters did not show a significant difference compared with treatment 3 (P〉 0.05). After 60 days, treatments 3 and 4, showed significantly higher RBC, WBC, Hb and Hct than those fed the control diet. Finally, the present results suggest that diet containing 100 and 200 g kg-1 extract could improve growth and hematological parameter of M. cephalus.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Health ; Iran ; Mugil cephalus ; Allium sativum ; Methanol extract ; Growth yield ; Hematological parameters ; Immunity ; Larvae
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  • 140
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    The density and distribution of phytoplankton in the Persian Gulf Martyrs Lake (Chitgar Tehran) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25817 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:00:51 | 25817 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Cheetgar Lake or Persian Gulf Martyrs' lake is an artificial lake in the North west of Tehran is located in district 22 of Tehran municipality. The lake covers an area of 130 hectares, which is located north of forest park Cheetgar. In south, to Tehran-Karaj highway, In north Hemmat expressway, from East to Azadegan expressway and west and from residential areas district 22 of Tehran municipality is limited. Kan River from East and Vardavard of West cheetgar Lake crossing and Kann River is the main source of water of the Cheetgar Lake now. Plankton is one of the important factors related to water quality. In this context, understanding the biological and nonbiological lake and its ecological status of a useful tool for managing sustainable exploitation with an emphasis on water quality is maintained. This study focused on phytoplankton structure, a bioticlimiting factors in phytoplankton bloom at the 5 stations between 2013 and 2014 in the Chitgar Lake. according to profile Lake after visiting five stations in the lake water body determined that Different depths are sampled. Sampling of phytoplankton is done by using a liter Ruthner sampler in layers and deep level (of a cylindrical column) were taken. Than 4% formalin fixed samples and transferred to the laboratory for quantitative and qualitative study. In laboratory planktonic samples after determining the volume and mixture, were transferred by pipette to 5ml chambers and after sufficient time to sediment, were identified and counted by inverted microscope. This study identified 35 phytoplankton taxa comprised of diatoms (12 genus), chlorophytes (15 genus), cyanophytes (4 genus), dinoflagellates (2 genus) and chrysophytes (1 genus) in the lake. The finding showed, the diatom abundance dominate (average of 2060000 ± 230000 cells.l-1) in the Chitgar lake. The annual average phytoplankton abundance was calculated as 2550000 ± 304000, with the maximum value recorded in February 2013 (4400000 ± 450000 cell. l-1). The PCA analysis displayed, the diatoms Cyclotella sp., Achnanthes sp. and Chrysophte Dinobryon sp. were dominated in the study period. Based on CCA analyses, total nitrogen and water temperature were the significant parameters to increase cyanophytes and dinoflagellates abundance in the Chitgar lake. In overall, the lowest phytoplankton abundance recorded in the Chitgar Lake as compared with other lakes which is an meso-oligotrophic category with the latest trophy state lake. Thus, it is might be increased eutrophication trend due to no management and no aquatic control in this ecosystem.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Density ; Distribution ; Gulf Martyrs Lake ; Phytoplankton ; Meso-oligotrophic
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    Evaluation of the immunity factors (THC, TPP, PO, SOD, POD) of shrimp fed with the algae Gracilaria corticata compared to shrimp fed without algae and exposed to white spot virus (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25807 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:13:41 | 25807 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: White spot disease (WSD) is one of the shrimp deadliest viral diseases that causes heavy losses on all shrimp of Penaeid family. Most invertebrates are lacking adaptive immune system and its defense is the innate immune system that is as cellular and humoral, but a like immune system against white spot virus in shrimp was been detected. In this research, control and prevention of white spot disease in shrimp using algae Gracilaria corticata, investigated. About 300 vannamei shrimp were divided to 4 groups and fed by normal pellet and algae extract in 14 days. At the end of the fourteenth day half of the shrimp were challenged with acute white spot virus. After the fourteenth day in the days 0, 3, 9, 18 and 25 sampling were done from the hemolymph of survived shrimps and survival and immune factors were evaluated. Based on results, in the challenge test, shrimps that fed with algae extract has a significant survival rate than shrimp fed with commercial diet. Increased the Immune Factors from day one to day 25 observed during the test. Greatest amount of Immune Factors THC, TPP, SOD, POD and PO in T1 group were observed in day 25 of tests. This situation was also true for group2 (T2), but its rate significantly was less than group 1(T1).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Health ; Iran ; Evaluation ; Immunity factors ; THC ; TPP ; PO ; SOD ; POD ; Shrimp ; Algae ; Gracilaria corticata ; White spot virus
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    Review on saprolegniasis in propagation and cultivation of cold water fish center emphasis on national and international investigation on prevention, control and treatment (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25816 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:21:41 | 25816 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Saprolegnia sp. is the most important pathogenic fungi in fish. Saprolegnia parasitica, S. diclina, S. ferax and S. hypogina are the most abundance of the fungi that caused saprolegniasis in fish and hatcheries.They have global distributions and their percences were reported from cold water fish farms of the world. It has been amazingly shown, 1 in 10 hatched salmon raised in fish farms die as a result of S. parasitica infection. Saprolegniasis caused mortality not only in cultivated cold water fish but also in wild cold water fish and the disease were killed up to 22% of wild salmon. Up till 2002, Saprolegnia infections in aquaculture were kept under control with malachite green, an organic dye that is very efficient at killing the pathogen. However, the use of malachite green has been banned worldwide due to its carcinogenic and toxicological effects and this has resulted in a dramatic re-emergence of Saprolegnia infections in aquaculture. The economical losses of Saprolegniasis are so high and many investigations were conducted on identification, virolence and predisposing factors, prevention and control of saprolegniasis in the world. This study has been focused on the last data about ofn physiological characteristic, identification methods, and pathogenicity of Saprolegnia sp., virulence parameters, predisposing factors, prevention and control of saprolegniasis.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Saprolegniasis ; Cold water fish ; Pathogenisithy ; Malachite green ; immunostimulants ; Propagation ; Cultivation
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    Study of Ecology and the potential for exploiting saline surface waters of Fars Province in aquaculture- Dehram River (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25820 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:11:10 | 25820 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Aquaculture activity is restricted mainly to rainbow trout in cold waters and carps in warm waters in inland waters of Iran as well as Fars Province. Probably for this reason saline waters of south and southeast Fars have not been used for aquaculture. These rivers are ecosystems with a diverse biota, it is predictable that can be found some there endemic aquatic organisms with a potential for aquaculture. Finding a suitable organism can help increase wise use of this natural resource, and local production and recruitment. However, it is highly needed to investigate various environmental elements prior to any use to obtain an estimation of the environmental consequences, parallel to finding usage potentials. In This study, we investigated Dehram saline river in south of Fars Province. Hydrological and physiographical properties, chemical composition of the river, and aquatic populations were sampled and measured monthly in 3 stations in one year. Salinity, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids increased from station 1 to 3, reaching from 6.6 g/L, 14.3 g/L, and 12800 µs/cm to 13.5 g/L, 17.7 g/L, and 16500 µs/cm, respectively. Dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation were higher in station 3, and in autumn and winter. Nitrite showed lowest values in winter (0.006 mg/L) and highest values in spring (0.013 mg/L). Nitrate showed the lowest concentration in station 3 (0.43 mg/L), but no differences were seen among seasons. Ammonium showed no differences among stations or seasons. Phosphate levels in station 1 and 3 were 0.13 mg/Lto 0.17 mg/L, with the highest level (0.29 mg/L) seen in the spring. Five species of fishes were identified in the river, which all were widely favored by local people. Some of these have been categorized as edible in previous studies, others as ornamental. On the other hand, intensive growth of an algal species throughout the river demonstrates a potential for algal cultivation. Significant role of algae in production of food for both man and livestock is now well recognized in aquaculture industry.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Fars Province ; Dehram River ; Limnology ; Saline water ; Physico-chemical parameters ; Aquaculture
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    Ecological study on the Persian Gulf Martyres Lake, Tehran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25818 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:23:49 | 25818 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The ecological study of the Persian Gulf Martyres Lake carried out at the 5 stations between 2013 and 2014. This study identified 35 phytoplankton taxa. The diatoms taxa was dominated and their abundance recorded highest (2000 000 cell. L^-1) in the lake. The annual phytoplankton abundance was measured as 2500 000 cell. L^-1 during the study. The total nitrogen and water temperature were the significant a biotic parameters to increase cyanophytes abundance. Furthermore, 37 zooplankton taxa were identified. The Rotatoria abundance was dominated zooplankton. The annual zooplankton abundance was measured as 72 ind.l-1. Based on the CCA, there was no correlation between Rotatoria abundance and a biotic parameters. The study benthos showed Ephemeroptera and Diptera abundance were dominated; artificial bottom and lack of sediment and organic matters were the main reasons in decreasing of the benthos density. The Chitgar lake is the poorest lake in Iran due to low density of plankton and benthos organisms. The estimation of fish production was 123 kg/ha and for the lake was determaind 16 tonne. The finding display, invasive species was the main fish Chitgar lake that would be negative effect and increase eutriphication trend in the lake. Phosphorus parameter was limited parameters and trophy level recorded low due to high N/P ration in the lake. In overall the Chitgar lake situation is in Oligotrophic category with the low trophy level.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Chitgar Lake ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Benthose ; Trophy ; Abundance ; Nitrogen ; Temperature
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  • 145
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    Marine food web dynamics of small-sized pelagic fish in the Caspian Sea (Iranian’s water) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25821 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:32:05 | 25821 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: A mass-balance Ecopath model of coastal areas in the Caspian Sea has been constructed for a quantitative description of the trophic structure of the ecosystem. The model is used to estimate the important biological parameters and relationships among the different ecologically important groups. Twenty five species were used in the present analysis. The model is based on the data collected of Kilka fisheries, beach seining (Bony fish fisheries), and set Gillnet (Sturgeon Fisheries) and also dietary information. Total landings along the Iranian portion of southern Caspian coast reached 39647 t, including sturgeon (41 t), kilka (22873 t) and bony fishes (16733 t) in 2014. Two species of kilka (Common kilka and Anchovy) are important commercially in the Caspian Sea, together accounting in the past decade for 〉 60 % of the total catch, as well as being a crucial part of the food chain. The mean average trophic level was estimated at 3.17 by Ecopath software. In this research, the mean level were studied between eight species varied from 2.56 to 4.04, Sander lucioperca occupy the highest and the as vimba vimba was the lowest level. The ranges of total mortality varied from 0.5 to 2.56 per years. The food consumption rate was estimated about 101.56 per year Mixd trophic level index (MTI) showed small pelagic fishes as prey, have crucial role in feeding of pelagic predators population such as invasion of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, bream fish and benthic fish such as sturgeon. In general, niche overlap was greater in more species such as Alburnus chalcoides, Rutilus rutilus, Clupeonella cultriventris, Rutilus kutum and M. leidyi who consumed large amounts of plankton. In conclusion small pelagic fish exert a major control on the trophic dynamics of the Caspian Sea ecosystems and constitute midtrophic-level populations.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Trophic level ; Food consumption ; Total mortality ; Interactions ; Marine ; Food ; Food webs ; Pelagic ; Fish
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    Study of benthic macro invertebrates in the Anzali lagoon (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25822 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:12:48 | 25822 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Anzali wetland (37.28N – 49.25E) with less than 100 km2 surface area is located in the southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea in the Guilan province. The benthic macro-invertebrates were studied as a part of a main project titled study of aquatic communities variation in the Anzali wetland. The sampling was performed at the 10 stations with using a Van-Veen grab during 2014-2015. The results showed, 14 macro-invertebrates taxa were identified as Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) and Tubificidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), they were dominated in the wetland. The maximum and minimum densities of macro-invertebrates were observed with 609±1119 and 93.32±27.92 n/m^2 respectively at the stations 5 and 1. The silt-clay constitute more than 85 percentage of the wetland sediments with maximum of 93.2±27.92 percentage at the 2 station and minimum 72.21±27.92 at the 5 station. Kruskal Wallis non parametric test (sig. ≤0.05), revealed significant differences for all studied factors at stations while of %tom and grain size had no significant variation. The CCA analysis revealed no accordance of total organic matter (TOM ) and silt- clay percentage vectors with Tubificidae and total benthic frequencies, while Chironomidae frequency is in accordance. Intensifying eutrification process in the Anzali wetland has affected its biota as the benthic fauna are almost limited in to most tolerant taxa which reflect the day after day increasing pollution the Anzali wetland.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Guilan Province ; Anzali wetland ; Macroinvertebrates ; Eutrification ; Aquatic ; Tubificidae ; Chironomidae ; Insecta ; Diptera ; Annelida ; Oligochaeta ; Benthic fauna
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    Investigation of chromosome and ploidy levels of rainbow trout produced from imported eyed eggs (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25825 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:43:05 | 25825 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Rainbow trout is the main cultural species of coldwater fishes in iran. Often, aquaculturists intend to breeding in order to production of lines with higher growth rate potential and disease resistant. Nevertheless in the country, no trout breeding programs, has been performed yet and most of the farms focused on the cultivation of the first (unbred) race. While European countries progressed in trout breeding techniques and production lines with higher growth through genetic manipulation (chromosomal number and type changes of fish) and/or selection and their fish products derived from this technology, including eyed eggs and so on have sold to other regions of the world (eg: Iran). In this study, some biological parameters including survival, growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR.) and chromosomal number of two juvenile groups from imported( group 1) and native(group 2) eyed fish eggs were compared. For chromosomal investigation, blood smear test and flow cytometry were performed. sults showed a significant difference (P≤5%) in growth rate of native fishes and French group Native fish feed conversion ratio (0.9) was significantly difference (P≤5%) from that of French fishes (1.15). Chromosomal analysis showed no difference in chromosome number in treatments and two fish groups were 2n chromosome. Based on the results, the fishes of group 1 had faster grow potential and gain weight in less time than that of group 2 and this has been achieved to go through the process of selection and feminization without any change in number of ploidy. Whereas the ability of native fishes in food efficiency ( lower FCR.) was better. However, the reduction of rearing period is the benefit and preference of cultivation of imported or origionally foreign.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Imported eyed egg ; Native fish ; Ploidy level ; Growth ; Rainbow trout ; Chromosome ; Species ; Breeding ; FCR
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  • 148
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    Induction of population triploid-interploid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mikiss) using by indirect (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25827 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:47:16 | 25827 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Induced polyploidy is a suitable tool for producing sterile fish which made commercial benefits in the aquaculture industry. This study carried out in order to produce triploid-interploid population via mating tetraploid female with diploid male rainbow trout. Heat shock was used for making tetraploid population and the best temperature and induction time were examined. Result showed that highest mortality from 1 day after fertilization to emerging were in groups 6 of embryos (40.1%) and the lowest were in groups 3 (33 %). Flowcytometry results showed that some fish were polyploidy. Comparative analyze of genome levels in tetraploid fish to control fish (diploid) and hen as standard indicator, confirmed tetraploid fishes in this study. In conclusion we can state that heat shock induction for 7 minutes at 65 hour –degree after fertilization in 28ºC is optimum temperature for inducting tetraploid rainbow trout.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Sexual development ; Triploid interploid ; Tetraploidy ; Heat shock ; Flow cytometry ; Rainbow trout
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  • 149
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    A Study on necessary infrastructures used for breeding trout in Yasoj region (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25826 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:44:36 | 25826 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Rainbow trout is the main cultural species of coldwater fishes in iran. Often, aquaculturists intend to breeding in order to production of lines with higher growth rate potential and disease resistant. Nevertheless in the country, no trout breeding programs, has been performed yet and most of the farms focused on the cultivation of the first(unbred) race. While European countries progressed in trout breeding techniques and production lines with higher growth through genetic manipulation (chromosomal number and type changes of fish) and/or selection and their fish products derived from this technology, including eyed eggs and so on have sold to other regions of the world(eg: Iran). In this study, some biological parameters including survival, growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR.) and chromosomal number of two juvenile groups from imported( group 1) and native(group 2) eyed fish eggs were compared. For chromosomal investigation, blood smear test and flow cytometry were performed. sults showed a significant difference (P≤5%) in growth rate of native fishes and French group Native fish feed conversion ratio (0.9) was significantly difference (P≤5%) from that of French fishes (1.15). Chromosomal analysis showed no difference in chromosome number in treatments and two fish groups were 2n chromosome. Based on the results, the fishes of group 1 had faster grow potential and gain weight in less time than that of group 2 and this has been achieved to go through the process of selection and feminization without any change in number of ploidy. Whereas the ability of native fishes in food efficiency ( lower FCR.) was better. However, the reduction of rearing period is the benefit and preference of cultivation of imported or origionally foreign.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Yasoj ; Genetic ; Rainbow trout ; Plan ; Relationship diagram ; Breeding
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  • 150
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    Study on environmental of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) ponds culture with brackish water of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25828 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:19:08 | 25828 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Different studies on Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) has performed in Iran, but less noted in water quality conditions. Water quality, in addition to creating optimal environment for the growth of vannamei shrimp, as well as cause the live food production and improve economic performance are produced. This study was conducted to evaluate the water quality environment vannamei shrimp in the south of Caspian Sea (Mazandaran province) and in the Caspian Ecology Research Center. The results showed that the enrichment of water out of the ponds, can provide favorable conditions for water quality in the culture of vannamei shrimp with different densities. As a result, Mazandaran province environmental conditions (particularly temperature and salinity of the Caspian Sea) has perfectly suited for optimal growth vannamei shrimp. Therefore, vannamei shrimp (PL12) achieved a final individual weight of 21.1gr in a period culture of 85-day with a density of 35 ind/m^2. Also, The nutrients and water quality parameters (Temperature: 27.4±1.79 ° C, Transparency: 10.7±1.2 cm, Salinity: 10.57±0.78 psu, pH: 8.42±0.38, Dissolved Oxygen 8.04±1.35 mg per liter) were within normal limits during the culture period.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Environment ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandaran Province ; Whiteleg shrimp ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Salinity ; Physicochemical ; Shrimp
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    The hydrochemical study of Chitgar Lake (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25829 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:21:14 | 25829 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The man-made Lake of the Martyrs of the Persian Gulf (also known as the Chitgar Lake) is located in the northwestern of Tehran and was established in 2012 and field with Kan River water at the same year. The water quality was investigated on 5 sampling site during 2013-2014. Standard methods (APHA, 2005) were used for Analysis of water parameters. The results indicated that the mean monthly temperature of water was 18.4±7.3 °C. The mean monthly EC level was 373±30 µs/cm. The mean monthly total hardness, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorous, total nitrogen, silicate, respectively were 119±5, 7.8±1.2, 0.04±0.01, 2.06±0.41, 9.6±0.5, all as mg/l,. The mean chlorophyll-a was 1.6 ± 0.81 µg/l. All parameters showed no significant differences between stations (P〉0.05), while total hardness, chlorophyll-a, Do, total phosphorus and silicate showed monthly significant differences with 95% confidence level. The ratio of total nitrogen to total phosphorus was 51 which indicated phosphorus is limiting factor in eutrophication process. According to Carlson trophic index determined to be oltraoligotroph (TSI〈40). The result indicated that changes in nutrient concentration is under biological activity influence.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Iran ; Tehran province ; Chitgar Lake ; Water quality ; Martyrs Lake ; Chlorophyll-a ; Phosphorus ; Silicate ; Nutrients
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  • 152
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    Economic and social assessment of fish farming in cages in the southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25830 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:49:04 | 25830 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study aimed to assess the social, economic and fish farming in cages in the Southern Caspian Sea. The Caspian Sea is considered as one of the most important water resources of Iran, in which due to the appropriate weather conditions in the north of the country, has the potential for marine aquaculture. With the implementation of this plan would say that with respect to the proposed initial selection from Kheshtsar in Mazandaran province and Kiashahr in Guilan province with along coastline of about 250 km from the depth of 20 to 100 meters and an the area of about 2027km^2 has the cage aquaculture talent. Of course, at the depths of greater than 100 M by using the world technology procedure, there is also the possibility of the establishment of marine cage aquaculture. Now, with the regards of the above potential in the Caspian Sea coastline, it is expected at least 200 cages fish sites farming in with the establishment of 40 cages per site and produce 160,000 tons with creating of 1,000 direct jobs and 2,000 indirect jobs and income 2000 billion gross annual average net profit of 40% could be 800 billion in which will produce of proteins needed part of the country, creating jobs, welfare, prosperity and economy in the region. With the implementation of such national project, it is needed to establish pilot farms to reach the goals: environmental assessment studies, risk assessment, aquatic selection and the use of appropriate cage structures according to ecological conditions of southern Caspian Sea.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandaran Province ; Guilan Province ; Cage ; Economic activity ; Profitability ; Rainbow trout ; Ecological conditions
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    A survey on biodiversity of Cyprinid fishes of Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25832 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:50:13 | 25832 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: A survey on Biodiversity of Cyprinidae family in Iran Cyprinidae family is the biggest and most important fish families with 367 Genera and 3006 species in the world. Members of this family is the most important freshwater species are present in a variety of freshwater ecosystems. Some of them can also live in brackish waters. Iran has about 93 species in the family Cyprinidae and consist half of the fishes in inland waters. In the past two decades many changes occurred in aquatic ecosystems, Fish habitat conditions changed and a lot of them are affected and some species are endangered or put under pressure. Restricted fish migration, Some Exotic species and have been entered in water resources and have narrowed arena on continued existence of native species. On the other hand, climate change and drought on water resources aggravate existing conditions. It is necessary effects of these changes in the family Cyprinidae be reviewed and analyzed.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Cyprinidae ; Biodiversity ; Water resources ; Climate Changes
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  • 154
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    Environmental impact assessment for Indian carp introduction to Azadegan fish pond (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25831 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:23:41 | 25831 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Azadegan aquaculture site is located 25 km south of Ahvaz in southern of Khuzestan plain. Primary study of Azadegan aquaculture site was done in 1992 with the aim of developing feasibility of warm water aquaculture and the second phase was done in 1996-1998 by Mohandesin Moshaver Pandam. Now, cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella), Barbus grypus) and Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi rear in this site. Considering special traits of Indian carps such as different level of production in earth pool, diet diversity, and more favorability for consumers, possibility of alternation with common carps, adaptability, growth and maturity in Khuzestan climate, this species can increase the efficiency of Khuzestan aquaculture industry as one of the poles of production in country. In this study the environmental impact assessment of the region was done because of the importance of Shadegan wetland as receiving waste area. Leopold matrix was used for assessment and quantifying environmental impacts of India carp aquaculture. Identification and prediction of effects were done based on the matrix. In using phase, 101 effects were identified which 34 were negative and 67 were positive. 18.8 percentage of effects were physic-chemical, 25.7% was biologic and ecologic and 55.5% was in socio-economic environment. In the operation phase, from all of the anticipated effects in physic-chemical environment 5 effects were positive and 14 effects were negative and in ecologic-biologic environment 17 effects were negative and 9 effects were positive. In socio-economic environment from 56 effects 3 were negative and 53 were positive. In order to summarizing the scores in environmental impact assessment matrix, final scores concluded from weighted scores of different environments including physic- chemical, ecological-biological and socio- economic environments. These scores showed that physical activities will have negative effects due to sewage production and negative effect on water resources. However, because of positive effects in socio-economic and ecologic environments, the final score in +83 that shows general result will be positive especially in economic and social environment. Due to the positive effects of the project on the economic and social conditions such as improving living conditions, creating job opportunities due to culturing this species and changing patterns of employment, increasing income levels at local, provincial and even national scale, increasing the price of land, supporting lateral and related industries, including hatcheries, fish-producing industries, manufacturing and processing industries and conversion, marketing and export, as well as the pharmaceutical industry (veterinary drugs), education development of specialized human resources and its role in the development of aquaculture projects in compliance with the recommendations of management and control is permitted.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Environment ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Ahvaz ; Impact Assessment ; Indian carp ; Fish pond ; Aquaculture ; Cyprinus carpio ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Barbus grypus
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    Survey of potential adaptation (ion- osmotic) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerling with Caspian Sea water (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25833 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:28:58 | 25833 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study aimed to determine domain the adaptability of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings in fresh water up to 20 per thousand (grams per liter) for providing facilities for growing this valuable species in the aquatic environment with salinity unconventional been completed. For this purpose the biochemical, bloody and physiologic parameters rainbow trout were studied to determine the adjustment range .Fingerlings fishes from cold water fish farm in the province Mazandran were prepared and for experiments were transferred to the Ecological Institute of Caspian Sea . Fingerlings with an average weight 31.56 ± 0. 07 SE g and average fork length 13.80 ± 0.15 SE cm, in 3 treatments in water with salinities (fresh, 13 and 20 grams per thousand) with a density of 15 numbers in polyethylene to 300-liter tank containing the 250 liters of water testing were introduced. Fresh water from Tajan rivers and water psu13 from the water Caspian Sea and water psu20 by mixing water the Caspian Sea and Sea salt was prepared . The daily amount to 50 percent of the of water tankss been replaced .During the experimental period was for 7 days and were not fed during the experiment.The water parameters was measured during the experiment included 6 ppm dissolved oxygen, pH equal to 8.2 and temperature 15.5 ° C . In the experimental period were not observed Losses in the experimental groups . The results showed that fish gill and kidney introduced in different salinities by making appropriate changes in chloride cells in the gills through increasing the number and the volume of these cells at the base of secondary blades and tubules in the kidney tubules to create greater interior space, are adapted to By changing salinity. Relatively parameters osmolarity, sodium, chloride, magnesium, cortisol, calcium, hematocrit, hemoglobin, number of red blood and white cells in water saltier than freshwater environment was higher (0.05〈 p, Duncan). Changes in hematological and blood plasma ionic parameters and vital organs Fingerlings indicates a willingness adaptability and the ability physiological adaptation fingerling was consistent with changes to environmental salinity brackish water .So, the factors measured with increasing salinity the uptrend that the range of variation for the osmolarite 449-281 mOsmol kg, for sodium, chloride, magnesium, cortisol, respectively, 211- 151, 165121, 3/3 7/0, 87. 53 mmol and the calcium 22-13 mg per dL. The measured values for hematocrit 32.2- 38.8%, hemoglobin 6.2 - 8.6 g per deciliter and the red and white blood cells, was respectively, 1.2-1.7×106 and the 15.6 -18.9×103.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Adaptation ; Rainbow trout ; Gills ; Kidney ; Survey ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Fingerlings
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    Determination of effective parameters on growth and bloom forming of Cochlodinium polykrikoides (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25834 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:51:04 | 25834 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Although the most alga blooms usually provide positive impacts on marine ecosystems, but blooming of certain species of algae may also have negative impacts which evidence suggests that over the past few decades the frequency and duration of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) have been increasing both nationally and worldwide. Harmful algal blooms of Cochlodinium polykrikoides in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were first observed in 2008. In order to provide optimum growth and bloom forming, C. polykrikoides cells were sampled during the bloom conditions in the coastal waters of Bandar Abbass, Qeshm and Hourmoz Islands from March 2012 to June 2015. After sampling, the samples transferred to Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Institute phytoplankton Lab and adapted to filtered seawater. In Phycolab, they isolated and purified by positive phototropism characteristic of species to light. They were grown in modified media culture at different salinities (30, 32 and 35ppt), temperatures (20, 23, 26 and 28ºC) and intensities (35, 70 and 90 µmol m^-2s^-1). During this study 3 Dinoflagellates species were identified in Hormozgan Coastal waters. The first species was Noctiluca scintillans. This species was alive in F/4 media culture and under the 32ppt salinity, 25°C temperature, and an 11h light: 13h dark photoperiod regime only for 4 months. The second species was Protoperidinium quinquecorne and produced temporal blooms that could not be isolated under usual and modified media cultures. The last Dinoflagellates species that caused spreading blooms in Hormozgan Coastal waters and could be possible to isolate was Cochlodinium polykrikoides. The results clearly showed that the best media culture for growth of this species is A2 and the highest alga biomass was obtained following culture under the 32ppt salinity, 26°C temperature, and under an 11h light: 13h dark photoperiod regime at a light intensity of 90 µmol m^-2s^-1 provided by cool white fluorescent tubes. Maximum cell density of C. polykrikoides in a 5 liter Erlenmeyer for 12 days reached to 1.6 × 106 cell L^−1 with 2-12 and occasionally to 16 cells chain. Based on the results from the present study, providing suitable media culture and physical condition, bloom forming of C. polykrikoides start from day 8 and will be continued until day 24.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Health ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Harmful algal bloom ; Isolation ; Dinoflagellates ; Growth ; Cochlodinium polykrikoides
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    A survey on planktonic communities in Bandar Abbas coastal area (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25835 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:49:48 | 25835 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted for investigation on algae bloom monitoring and oscillations of biotic and non-biotic parameters in coastal waters of Bandar Abbas from October 2013 to Septembre 2014. In this project, planktonic distribution and environmental data were collected from five stations, every 10 days. Four order and 45 genus of phytoplankton (Bacilliarophycea 29 genous, Dinophycea 13 genus, Cyanophycea 2 genus, Raphidophycea 1 genus) were identified, as well as , 10 order of zooplanckton consisted of Copepoda, Mollusca, Chaetognatha, Sarcomastigophora, Urochordata, Annalida, Nematoda, Echinodermata, Ciliophora and Granuloretica. Results showed that Bacillariophycea were dominate among phytoplankton species in all season. So that, Leptocylindrus, Chaetoceros and Nitzschia from Bacillarriophycea, Protoperidinium and Gymnodinium belong to Dinophycea, and Oscillatoria belong to Cyanophycea were dominate genus in Bandar Abbas coastal waters. The maximum and minimum density and frequency for phytoplankton were recorded respectively from Shilat Jety and Airport Stations. Based on ANOVA analysis on phytoplankton density no significant were observed seasonally (p〉0.05), but significant differences were observed between stations (p〈0.05). Algal blooms were recorded for Protoperidinum, Chaetoceros and Noctiluca form Shilat Jety in the study period. Result showed that Crustacea have more density amongst zooplankton community, although Arthropoda were dominate in all season. The maximum frequencies were recorded for Nauplius (78%) and Copepoda (21%), also Among copepod, Calanoida order observed 68.5% frequency in the study period. The ANOVA analysis showed significant differences both in stations and seasons for zooplankton density (p〈0.05). The seasonal range of temperature were recorded between (19.43±2.58 - 31.98±2.48 ), salinity (27.15±9.48 - 38.13± 0.72ppt), dissolved Oxygen (2.8±1.81-6.87±1.25) mg/L, and pH (8.06±0.49- 8.69±0.23). Evaluation of biotic and abiotic factors indicate the probability of unhealthy and unstable Shilat jety and Gorzoozan stations coastal waters of Bandar Abbas City. One of these cases can be mentioned to high density of cyanophyceae in the estuary Gorzoozan compared other stations , high density of Phytoplankton and low diversity in the Shilat station. While the increase in Harpacticoida order of copepods As an indicator of pollution than on previous reports of other researchers In the this area, suggests pollution is pushed into the area.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bandar Abbas ; Environmental parameters ; Algal bloom ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Survey ; Planktonic communities
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    A survey on plankto an investigation on ecology of mudskippers in Hormuzgan coastal areas communities in Bandar Abbas coastal area (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25836 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:31:51 | 25836 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The most important habitats of mudskippers are muddy areas in tidal zone of tropical mangrove forests. Mudskippers are related to Oxudercinae subfamily of Gobiid fishes. Three most distributed species of Hormozgan mudskippers were Periophthalmus waltoni, Boleophthalmus dussumieri and Scartelaos tenuis. These fishes can be considered as euryhaline and eurythermal aquatic species, because they can tolerate a wide range of salinity and temperature. A research was done since september 2008 to september 2009 in two important mangrove regions of Hormuzgan (Tyab and Khamir) to determine some ecological characteristics of inhabited mudskipper species. Results showed that nitrate levels are significantly different between tidal lines and seasons (P〈0.05). Maximum nitrite concentrations were recorded 53.2 and 92.5 µg/l in Khamir and Tyab respectively. The annual correlation matrix showed that a positive correlation between phosphate concentration and nitrite and silicate (P〈0.05). Silicate concentration was very high, because of too low density of diatoms and radiolarians. Some species of diatoms, dinoflagellates, cyanobacteria and larvae of crustacea and echinoderms were observed with different density and diversity. Sediment composition of the studied areas were categorized in three classes (clay, sand and clay - sand). Polychaetes formed dominant group of benthic fauna in Tyab and Khamir areas. High density of capitellid worms was possibly related to some environmntal stress caused by activity of fishing and cargo vessels. It was not observed significant difference between fishes length in two areas (P〈0.05); Mean lengths of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were calculated 9.85, 14.7 and 11.5 cm respectively. Spawning period of each three species in both areas were obtained from late winter to late spring based on gonadosomatic index values. Male to female sex ratio of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were calculated 1:0.45, 1:0.41and 1:0.74 respectively. Absolute fecundity of P. waltoni, B. dussumieri and S. tenuis were estimated 3558 ± 2202, 3952 ± 1030 and 6742 ± 1939 respectively. P. waltoni feeds mainly on fiddler crab, S. tenuis uses crustaceans and gastropods and B. dussumieri has a vegetarian diet.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan Province ; Mudskippers ; Ecology ; Periophthalmus waltoni ; Boleophthalmus dussumieri ; Scartelaos tenuis ; Female ; Male ; Benthic fauna
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    Eutrophication trend of southeast Caspian Sea water (Mazandaran-Goharbaran) based on environmental and biotic parameters using single and multiple variables in order to feasibility of marine cage culture (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25839 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:48:08 | 25839 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The aim of this project is to study water quality and the trophic status at different months and depths in the southeast Caspian Sea-Goharbaran based on environmental parameters and nutrients during 2013-2014 in order the feasibility of fish cage culture. Results showed that water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, total alkalinity and TSS were varied 9.00-29.00C, 0.50-12.00 m, 8.05-8.74, 5.76-12.85, 14-101, 21-195 and 0.00-0.12 mg/l at the different months and depths, respectively. In addition, the values of NH^4+, NH_3, NO^2-, NO^3- and PO^4-3 were 0.007-0.051, 0.001-0.010, 0.002-0.015, 0.043-0.477 and 0.014-0.077 mg/l, respectively. Chl-a concentration was recorded as 0.060-8.02 mg/l. Scaled and unscaled trophic indices were equal to 3.42-5.52 and 2.61-5.85, respectively. The proper temperature for cultivation of salmonids species in this area began from October to March. The range of the standard of pH and dissolved oxygen level for fish farming cage were 7.80-8.50 and 〉5 mg /l that in current study results of pH and dissolved oxygen which were consistent in the current study. Various forms of nitrogen (ammonium, nitrite and nitrate ) at the different layers were acceptable and less than the threshold limit of Australia and New Zealand. The results of the nutrients concentrations compared with data from the reference years (1996-1996 ) in the Caspian Sea (Goharbaran region) showed that this ecosystem passed from oligotrophic status and shifted to mezotrophic and eutrophic condition. As a conclusion, although nutrients concentrations were acceptable in terms of fish farming cages in this region, some parameters such as chemical oxygen demand and transparency are not suitable for aquaculture industry. Meanwhile, based on various trophic levels, this ecosystem (Gohrabaran region) has a mezotrophic status with a high risk of eutrophication.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Goharbaran ; Physico-chemical parameters ; Water ; Fish cage culture ; Temperature ; Transparency ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen
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    A comparative study of plankton and pelagic fishes in the southeast Caspian Sea (Mazanderan-Goharbaran) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25838 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:39:41 | 25838 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Region South East of the Caspian Sea (area Goharbaran) having valuable resources biological flora and fauna, the diversity of commercial fishes, especially reserves the exclusive sturgeon as well as reserves abiotic such as oil and gas resources and transit of goods through Bandar Amirabad to Central Asia , the ecological conditions for the implementation of the project is very necessary. The aim of this study was to determine species composition, spatial and temporal distribution of plankton and fish of this region. Plankton sampled from different depths (5, 10 and 15 m) were carried out. Sampling of phytoplankton did by Ruttner and sampling of zooplankton did by net with mesh size 100 microns. The fish were sampled monthly from December 2013 to July 2014 and within months was carried out. From livestock gill Monofilament.. In this study, a total of 130 species of phytoplankton of 7 filums Bacillariophyta (60 species), Pyrrophyta (23 species), Cyanophyta (22 species), Chlorophyta (14 species), Euglnophyta (9 species), Haptophyta (1 species) and Chrysophyta (1 species )and 24 species of zooplankton branch of Copepoda (5 species), Rotatoria (7 species), porotozoa (3 species), Cladocera (9 species), and Meroplankton (2 species) of larvae of Cypris Balanus and bivalves Lamellibranchiate larvae and 256 fish Acipenser persicus at 5, Alosa braschnikowi 71 number, Alosa caspia 40 number, Benthophilius lipidus 1 number, Cluponella cultriventris 72 number, Cyprinus carpio 1 number, Liza saliens 15 number, Neogobius bathybius 1 number, Neogobius caspia 5 pcs, Neogobius flauviatilis 19 number, Neogobius gorlab 6 number, Rutilus kutum 14 number, Rutilus rutilus 2 pcs, vimba vimba 4 number was observed.Different ecological conditions appointment dietary needs and relationships of organisms and their adaptations to the environment, the density and distribution of different species of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish specifies.Also the Caspian Sea due to the type of biological species and number of endemic species (42%) in addition to comb jelly invasion, were force of the effects some species like Gloeotrichia Echinulata and as a result, now or in the future, more species will be observed and recognized will be of most interest. Also Psedonitzschia seriata ability to produce Domick acid that can be hazardous to aquatic animals and even human, was in Goharbaran area. This was considered for fishes of the southern Caspian Sea and ecological distribution of most species depends on the region. The abundance of two species of whitefish and pelagic fish in Ghahrebaran region is more than the whole Caspian Sea. On the other hand, the dominant phytoplankton of this region is Bacillariophyta and dominant zooplankton is Copepoda, which shows the goodness of these plankton branches, and by changing the various factors as the different terms of receiving solar energy and resulting in temperature and water currents can cause seasonal differences in the density of the Bacillariophyta branch and also the Copepoda, therefore one of the most important factors is season, and in the winter, when the aquatic rotation of this ecosystem increases, it increases the nutrients and moves it from the floor to the water column, and as a result, increasing the amount of silica in various levels of water can affect the nutrition of fish.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandaran Province ; Goharbaran ; Plankton ; Diversity ; Abundance ; Biomass ; Pelagic fishes
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    A study on fishing status and some reproductive characteristics of Klunzinger’s mullet (Lize klunzingeri) in coastal waters of Khuzestan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25845 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:35:24 | 25845 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Biological characteristics of Liza klunzingeri were studied in two coastal areas, Sajaphi and Bahrekan, of eastern Khuzestan during March to February 2007. Among total 1880 measured fish specimens, 947 specimens were analyzed. The mean value of Gonado-somatic Index (GSI) for the male and female fish were calculated as 0.96± 1.39 and 3.25 ± 3.26 respectively. The GSI value was highest in November and lowest in July. The mean value of condition factor (K) was 1.25± 0.14 in male and 1.21± 0.15 for female. The highest K value were observed in June and the lowest value in February. The lenght at first maturity regardless of sexuality, was found to be 14.5 cm and the time of spawning based on reproduction pattern were determined in Nov- Dec. The length-weight relationship were calculated as Y=0.024L^2.76 (n=226R2=0.72) for males, Y=0.011L^3.00 (n=444R2= 0.78) for females and Y=0.0208L^2.82 (n=670R2 =0.82) for total fishes and also it’s found significant in level length weight relationship in (P〈0.05). According to biological characteristics and referring to American fisheries society (AFS) indices and Fuzzy logic expert system, Lize klunzingeri is classified as low vulnerable species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Sajaphi ; Bahrekan ; Lize klunzinger ; Gonado-somatic Index ; GSI ; Condition factor ; Biological characteristics ; Female ; Male ; Specimens ; Fisheries
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    Identification of native fish in Hamedan province (Gamaciyab) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25079 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 06:43:41 | 25079 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was carried out from 2001 to 2002 in Gamasyab River of Hamadan province of Iran in order to identification of indigenous species of this water resource. The main objective of this study was to fish identification for scientific purposes, geographical distribution pattern, preparation atlas of the fishes, introduction of commercial species and awareness on ecological situation of their natural habitats. Also providing necessary information for conservation and sustainable use of these valuable stocks and minimizing environmental impacts of unsecured utilization. Sampling were carried out by selecting 15 sampling stations through the river and fishing by electro fisher and cast net. Identification accomplished by valid identification keys in species level. Photography and slides provides and 10 pieces of each species tagged by unique codes for preservation in national museum. 50 morphometric and meristic characteristics studied for scientific identification.. Indigenous fishes belong to 14 species, 10 genus, 3 family and 2 order. Indeed 2 exotic species belong to Cyprinidae and Salmonidae families recognized. From these indigenous species, 11 belong to Cyprinidae family and only one species belong to Sisoridae family.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Hamadan ; Gamasyab River ; Indigenous species ; Identification ; Fish ; Sampling ; Morphometric ; Cyprinidae ; Salmonidae ; Sisoridae
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    Stock assessment of the bonyfishes in Mazandaran (2003-2004) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25083 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 07:15:57 | 25083 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Mullet and other bony fishes are caught by beach seine in Iranian waters in Golestan, Mazandaran and Guilan provinces. In this investigation which had conducted in commercial regions during 2003-2004, we estimated catch and CPUE, species composition, length, weight, age of two species of mullet and Salmo trutta caspius; von Bertalanffy growth parameters, mortality, biomass and MSY of Liza aurata. The total recorded catch of mullet was 3870 mt and L. auratapre dominated (98.5% of total catch of mullet). CPUE of two species of mullet; L. aurata and L. salienswere 69.6 and 1.1 mt purse seine, respectively. The catch of Salmo trutta caspius was negligible (about 3.6 mt). Biomass and MSY (maximum sustainable yield) of L. aurata were estimated to be 11019.8 and 3322.6 mt, respectively.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Golestan Province ; Mazandaran Province ; Guilan Province ; Mullet ; Bony Fish ; CPUE ; Species ; Length ; Weight ; Age ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Von Bertalanffy ; Mortality ; Biomass ; Liza aurata ; L.aurata
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    Effect of artemia density on cyst yields of fertilized ponds (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25088 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 06:46:47 | 25088 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: One of the effective factors in cyst production on Artemia culture ponds is the number of oviparous females and density of biomass in view of adult's weight per liter of ponds water. In this study, the effect of oviparous female's abundance (Reproductive Females lit^-1) on daily cyst yields with using the ANOVA and correlation Analytical method were assayed. The result indicated that, with presence the small number of oviparous females (less than five Ind lit^-1) and Artemia density (between 0/1 to 0/2g/ lit) on culture ponds, the cyst yields at first sixty days culture period (160 Kg.dw/ha) were more than yields that harvested at three months later (47 Kg.dw/ha) and on the second three months of cultural period despite of presence the larger number of oviparous females (more than twenty Ind/lit) and presence the same Artemia population density, the daily cyst yields was declined.(Sig=0.000).
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Artemia ; Density ; Cyst ; Fertilized pond ; Females ; Biomass ; Weight ; ANOVA
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    Comprehensive study on probability of controlling Caspian Sea invasive ctenophora (Mnemiopsis leidyi) (Activity 2: Investigation on Mnemiopsis leidyi diet in the Caspian Sea) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25091 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 07:12:26 | 25091 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Mnemiopsis leidyi is one the species of comb-jelly. It belongs to the Ctenophore phylum and Lobate order. It is a purely marine, free-swimming animal with a transparent jelly-like walnut-shaped body, which was transported from the Black Sea into Caspian possibly at the end of 1990s. This species is food rival of pelagic fish. It has been reported that the ctenophore caused the dramatic decrease of zooplankton and pelagic fish stock in the Black Sea. In this study, sampling on Mnemiopsis leidyi, zooplankton, phytoplankton was conducted from December 2003 to March 2005, from a total of 11 stations located along four transects (Anzali, Khazarabad, Tourkman and Gorgan Bay) by METU net in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Clupeonella catch was done by light fishing with fishing vessel in Anzali region. The results showed that the biomass of M.leidyi had some fluctuation in different seasons and its maximum biomass was recorded in summer with a figure of 524.4±156.2 g.m^2 Tourkman region and the minimum biomass was observed in winter with a figure of 5.15±1.81 g.m^2 in Anzali region. Study of stomach of Mnemiopsis showed, that Acartia (belonged of Copepoda with 66 %), lamlibranchia (13 %) has the highest frequency and the lowest were Balanus nauplii, Rotatoria, Tintinnopsis and Podon polyphemoides. The maximum mean abundance of zooplankton was 29368±24318 n.m3 in winter (Anzali region) and the minimum was recorded 4170±5014 n.m3 in summer (Tourkman region). Copepoda was dominant zooplankton in the Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea. Chrysophyta with 150000000±440000000 n.m3 and Euglenophyta with 260000±521000 n.m3 had the highest and the lowest frequency respectively in the Caspian Sea. The main foods of Clupeonella were Acartia with 80 %. The survey of stomach of Clupeonella showed that the feeding of these species was not good and the highest fullness index was recorded 220.95±314.67. These results showed, the main food item of Ctenophora and Clupeonella were Copepoda (Acartia). It seems, the impact of Mnemiopsis leidyi feeding has been the important factor in declining zooplankton populations, Clupeonella stocks, and also increasing of phytoplankton abundance.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Gorgan Bay ; Bandar Tourkman ; Khazarabad ; Anzali ; Ctenophora ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Diet ; Species ; Phylum ; Pelagic fishes ; Sampling ; Zooplankton ; Phytoplankton ; Acartia ; Ctenophora ; Population ; Abundance
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    Study on feasibility of rearing integrated native fish of Shizotorax zarudnyi with chianies carp on Sistan area (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25254 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:13:59 | 25254 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Present study carried out in 6 earthen ponds (3500 m^2 each) at the Zahak fish propagation and cultivation center. In July 2005 ponds were prepared and stocked with 1100 fish specimens with 40 g average weight. Stocking normative in two ponds (1 and 4) were 220 common carp, 110 grass carp, 715 silver carp, and 55 big head specimens. In the next two ponds (5 and 6) common carp reduced to 50% and Shizotorax zarudnyi was replaced. In the rest two ponds (7 and 8) common carp reduced to zero and totally replaced with Shizotorax zarudnyi. Manure and inorganic fertilizer were used during cultivation period. Carp was fed by concentrated food and grass carp was fed by alfalfa. At the end of the cultivation period (16 months) mean weights of common carp, grass carp, silver carp, big head, and Shizotorax zarudnyi reached 1201 g, 1572 g, 313 g, 486 g, 531 g respectively. Mean daily growth were 2.41 g, 3.19 g, 0.56 g, 0.92 g, 1 g respectively. Survival rate during cultivation period were 97.57%, 68.3%, 94%, 85.45%, 46.85% respectively. Biological parameters were recorded once a month. Other chemical and physical parameters such as air and water temperatures, oxygen, pH, twice per day and factors such as nitrite, nitrate, Ammoniac, transparency, salinity and phosphate were measured and recorded once per week. During cultivation period average pH was 7-10.34, water temperature was 0.5-33 °C, transparency was 12-115cm, salinity was 1.1-5 mg/l, oxygen was 2-10 mg/l, nitrite was 0.86-0.16 mg/l, nitrate was 0.06- 2.21 mg/l, and phosphate was 0.1-1.8 mg/l. Average total yields in the ponds 1 and 4 with standard normative for the region were 554, and 623 kg. In the ponds 5 and 6 with 50% Shizotorax zarudnyi were 514 and 518 kg, and in the ponds 7 and 8 with total Shizotorax zarudnyi replacement were 533 and 386 kg.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Sistan region ; Fish culture ; Poly-culture ; Shizotorax zarudnyi ; Earthen ponds ; Specimen ; Common carp ; Grass carp ; Silver Carp ; Fertilizer ; Survival rate ; Transparency ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Nitrite ; Nitrate ; Ammoniac ; Tehran ; Iran
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    Population genetic structure of Neogobius caspius (Eichwald, 1831) in the east and central of the south Caspian Sea using microsatellite markers (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25258 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:37:38 | 25258 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Neogobius caspius is a small benthic fish that is native to the Caspian Sea. The importance of this fish is because of it is role as a main food resource of the Sturgeon fish. The genetic diversity of N.caspius populations in the Caspian Sea was studied using microsatellite technique. In the study 95 Samples of Neogobius caspius from two regions (Torkman port and Chalus) in south Caspian Sea were collected. DNA was extracted using 12 pairs of microstellite primers polymerase chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted. DNA Bands were analyzed using uvdoct and GenAlEx software package. Out of 12 microsatellite primers, 11 loci were produced, in which 5 of them were polymorphic, 6 monomorph and one of them showed smear. Average of observed and expected hetrozygosity was 0.798 and 0/843 respectively. Significant genetic differences between 2 regions was observed (P〈0.01). Deviations from hardy- Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases. These results indicate that at least, 2 population of Neogobius caspius exist in the south Caspian Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Torkman port ; Chalus ; Microsatellite ; Genetic ; Population ; Neogobius caspius ; Benthic ; Native ; Sturgeon ; Diversity ; Samples ; PCR
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    Study on inheritance of microsatellite markers in hybrid of chalcaburnus chalcoides and vimba vimba persa in southern part of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25260 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:24:11 | 25260 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to study the Inheritance of Microsatellite Markers in the hybrid of Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa in the Southern part of the Caspian Sea, hybridization between the species was carried out during spring (2009) in Shahid Ansari reproduction and culture workstation. 30 samples from the produced larva and also small piece of dorsal and pectoral fin of their parents were collected and stored in pure ethanol (96%) and transferred to the biotechnology of the Caspian Ecology Academy. DNA was extracted from fin samples of the parents, whilst the whole F1 progeny was used to isolate the DNA by Phenol-chloroform method. Quantity and quality of extracted DNA was determined using 1% Agarose electrophorus. DNA was used for PCR ampilification of 10 microsatellite loci. The amplifications were run on 6% Polyacrylamid electrophorus. The present study showed that 7 out of 10 markers were polymorphic and variated between the parents. Goodness of fit to the Mendelian inheritance ratio was determined by X2 analysis. 4 primers were segregrated according to Mendelian expectations at a significance level of P 0.05. Based on UPGMA dendrogram (Nei, 1978) two different clusters were obtained in which Chalcalburnus chalcoides and hybrid were in the same cluster but Vimba vimba persa was in the other. It seems that Vimba vimba persa is a joint ancestor for these two. High heterozygosity presence in parents and their F1 shows the high potential of genetic variety in Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa which from the aquaculture management and conservation view is important and considering the high genetic variety in their hybrid, the hybrid has the sufficient potential for race improvement.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Chalcalburnus chalcoides ; Vimba vimba persa ; Hybrid ; Microsatellite ; Hybridization ; Culture ; Samples ; Larvae ; DNA ; Inheritance ratio ; Heterozygosity
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    Determination of organic pollutants in sediment & some commercial species biota from eastern waters of Hormozgan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25264 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:59:10 | 25264 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This survey was conducted to determine the petroleum pollutants in sediment & some commercial aquatics of species in eastern waters of Hormozgan province during 2006-2008. We have selected 3 stations at 5, 10 and 20 meters depth in each of Sirik, Kuh-e-mobarak and Jask area. The selected biota were Penaeus indicus & Psettodes eruemi.Selected components of PAHs in sediment & biota samples were: Naphthalene (Na), Acenaphthylene (AcPY), Acenaphthene (AcP), Fluorene (FL), Phenantheren (PHEN), Anthracene (AN), Fluornthene (FLUR), Pyrene (PY), Benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), Chrysene(CHRY), Benzo(b) fluoranthene (BaF), Benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP), Dibenzo(a,h)anthrancene (dBAn), Benzo(ghi)perylene (BPe), Indeno (1,2.3-cd)pyrene (IcdP) . Our results were: Based to our results Bioaccumulation of PAHs didn't relate to sex and length of selected biota. Percent of naphthalene as a PAH with two rings has a significant difference against other PAHs in all areas. High ratio of HPAH to LPAH, show the combustion source of PAHs. Values for total PAHs at shrimp in Sirik, Kuh-e- mobarak & Jask area were 349.9 ±236.7, 809.1± 605.4 & 1015±1300.1 ng/g. Values for total PAHs at Psettodes eruemi, in Sirik, Kuh-e- mobarak & Jask area were 494 ±460.8, 1465.3±1678.2 and 292.3±400.7 ng/g respectively. In shrimp samples, the values for total PAHs had significant difference between Jask & Kuh e-mobarak, whereas for Psettodes eruemi, the significant difference was observed in Jask & Kuh-e-mobark. In sediment, concentration of total PAHs and their components didn't show any significant difference with area and depth of sampling at 95% confidence level. Average concentration of total PAHs and their components with 2, 3, 4, 5and 6 rings were 279.7±117.4, 4.5± 9.3, 6.2±7.1, 5.4±1.4, 263.6±113.9 respectively. Based to NOAA standards, pollution level of sediment is lower than ERL values.
    Keywords: Pollution ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan province ; Jask area ; Poly aromatic hydrocarbons ; PAH ; Oil pollution ; Sediment ; Psettodes eruemi ; Penaeus indicus ; Organic pollutants ; Species ; Biota ; Petroleum pollutants ; Aquatic
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  • 170
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    Global population structure of the great sturgeon (Huso huso) in the southern part of the Caspian Sea with emphasis on the Golestan Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25261 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:21:13 | 25261 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Report of the project entitled "determination of the global population structure of the great sturgeon (Huso huso) with emphasis on the Golestan Province" is in front of your attention. Outcome is the results of study on the samples collected from the total catch in the landing sites namely Bandar-e-Anzali, Babolsar, and Ashooradeh, in the three Northern provinces. 224 specimens were collected according to the sampling manual during the fishing seasons in 2005 and 2006. Three methods were applied in this study to find out the population structure of the great sturgeon in the southern Caspian Sea. These were as follows: Morpho-metric meristic Population dynamics Population genetics (microsatellite loci) Results indicate that the range of different age groups of the great sturgeon in the Golestan Province is larger than the other two provinces. Results show that the older age groups are found in the samples from the Golestan Province rather than the other two provinces. Results demonstrate that the sample size for the two methods (morpho-metric meristic and population dynamics) is not enough. In order to obtain precise results with less uncertainty one needs to collect more specimens. Therefore, according to the few number of the great sturgeon in the total sturgeon landing, it is recommended that researchers apply methods other than the two methods which are mentioned above in order to make sure that the results are most reliable. Population genetics methods including microsatellite loci are among the methods which could produce good results with minimum bias in this regard. Results indicate that there are two distinguishable populations of the great sturgeon (Huso huso) in the southern part of the Caspian Sea off the shores of the three Northern provinces. Results also show that these two populations are scattered in the two east end (Golestan Province) and west end (Guilan Province) of the southern Caspian Sea. The two populations have overlapped each other in the Mazandaran Province.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Golestan Province ; Guilan Province ; Mazandaran Province ; Babolsar ; Bandar-e-Anzali ; Population ; Sturgeon ; Huso huso ; Sampling ; Morpho-metric ; Samples ; Meristic ; Genetic ; Microsatellite ; Specimens
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    Using of benthic indices and GIS maps to determination of biotic health of Khure- Mussa (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25267 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 08:20:55 | 25267 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Without industrial and urban development and their effects on marine ecosystem, due to high biotic potential, Khure-Mussa would be one of the productive coastal areas. Because of sensitivity and vulnerability to environmental changes this area are classified in sensitive ecologic area. This study was conducted to evaluation ecological health status in Khure-Mussa in the Northwest of Persian Gulf by using benthic indices. Twenty creeks in Khure-Mussa area were set up for study and sampling in four seasons from winter 2008 to autumn 2009. Monthly water sampling for physico-chemical parameters was done by bottle sampler and seasonal samples of surface sediment were collected by Peterson grab sampler (0.125m^2) .At each station three samples for macrobenthic study and one sample for grain size analysis and organic matter determination were obtain. Totally, 187589 macrobenthic individual were collected and separated. Among identified groups, Polychaetes with total number108906, Crustacean with total number 46561, Bivalve with total number 14156 and seapen with total number 9841 were the dominant groups and were included 58, 25, 8 and 5 percentage of total number respectively. The highest abundance in the spring and the lowest abundance in the summer were observed. According to mean abundance, Somaily creek and Khure-mussa (3) station showed the highest and the lowest abundance respectively. Seapen is included more than 90 % of total biomass. The range of Shannon diversity index was (1.95-3.58) which the minimum and the maximum values were found in Shipping and Patil station respectively. Significance benthic biological parameters (abundance and richness) in different creeks explained the variation of benthic community structure in studied creeks. In addition, seasonal significant differences were found in these parameters due to seasonal changes in benthic animal s succession. The results of grain size analysis showed that the range of siltclay was (63.6-95.59). According to AMBI index values, all of the studied creeks are classified in slightly pollution level and disturbed condition except for Petrochemical station that placed in moderate pollution level. The BOPA index values in all stations showed more than threshold level (0.19) that means bad and weak ecological condition. The highest and the lowest ITI index values were observed in Oil exporting port station (64.92) and Ghazaleh creek (29.53) respectively. The others were grouped in 30-60 range that means moderate pollution level and disturbed ecological status. The values of ABC (Abundance Biomass Curve) that explained the relation between macrobenthic biomass and abundance, were calculated near zero from 0.1 to -0.1 in all studied creeks that show moderate condition for living animals. In general the studied creeks showed pollution potential and benthic biological parameters indicated downward trend in ecological quality and health status.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khure-Mussa ; Ecological health ; Benthic animals ; Biotic indices ; GIS ; Marine ; Ecosystem ; Sampling ; Macrobenthic ; AMBI ; BOPA ; Pollution ; Biomass ; Abundance ; Parameters
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  • 172
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    Identification and density determination of juvenile fishes in Khouzestan coastal waters (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25266 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:35:16 | 25266 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Aquatic animals possess specific biological characteristics and lifecycle. Without knowing about their biology and complete lifecycle, planning about their conservation cannot be effective. Following the previous studies on fish larvae in Khuzestan coastal waters this study was done to determination catch composition and density of juvenile fishes in Khuzestan coastal waters during 2007 to 2008. Studied area included two main fisheries ground, Lifeh-Busafe in west and Bahrekan in east coasts. Monthly random sampling was carried out by using shrimp trawl net with Akhtar vessel. Juvenile fish's means the fishes that completed their larval cycle and are look like their parents but have not been matured yet. The catch mean, biomass, CPUA and the stock size of different species were estimated by using Swept Area Method. Totally 101485 caught fishes included 38 families and 63 species. The most abundant trawled fishes were Thryssa vitriostris Leiognathus bindus Ilisha melastoma Penahia macrophthalmus and Johnius belangerii .These five species contain about 80 %, the species Arius dussumieri and Cynoglossus arel 4.5% and 3.2 % respectively and the others 12% of total caught fishes. In the east coasts the species L. bindus I. melastoma T. vitriostris P. macrophthalmus and in the west coasts the species P. macrophthalmus T. vitriostris J. belangerii and I.melastoma were the most abundant. Among 63 identified fish species , juvenile fishes of 23 species were observed which contain 26.4 % of total caught fishes .the fishes Arius dussumieri and Acantopagrus latus 100%, Liza subviridis, Leiognathus lineolatus and Triacantuhus biaculeatus more than 80 % and Pomadasys stridens Lagocephalus inermis Saurida tumbil and Thryssa vitrirostris more than 50 % were observed as juvenile stage. The most abundant juvenile fishes were T. vitrirostris L. bindus and Arius dussumieri respectively. The maximum (1852 kg/km^2) and the minimum (165 kg/km^2) values of CPUA were estimated in west coasts in July and December respectively. The maximum (2677 kg/km^2) and the minimum (153 kg/km^2) values of CPUA were estimated in east coasts in June and August respectively. The biomass showed a distinct peak in June and July in east and west coasts respectively. The highest diversity index in east (2/22) and west (2.36) coasts were obtained in July. In present study the number of identified fishes is more than previous studies. Juvenile fishes spend their sensitive period of lifecycle in Khuzestan coastal waters. After growing in late spring, fish larvae enter to the juvenile stage and select this productive area as nursery ground. Increasing of juvenile fishes in July is accordance with their reproduction season in studied area. The east coasts are deeper than the west and there are some differences in hydrological characteristics due to discharging of the rivers Bahmanshir and Arvandrood in west coasts. The peaks of abundance in east and west coasts were observed with a clear time interval. The higher CPUA in east coasts can be caused due to gradual migration of juvenile fishes from west to east during cold season.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khuzestan coastal waters ; Bahrekan ; Bahmanshir River ; Arvandrood River ; Juvenile fishes ; Bottom trawl ; Catch composition ; Biomass ; Aquatic ; Larvae ; Density ; Sampling ; CPUA ; Species ; L. bindus ; I. melastoma ; T. vitriostris ; P. macrophthalmus ; J. belangerii ; Migration ; Coastal waters ; Identification
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    Reproduction biology of Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi in the Iranian coastal water of the Caspian Sea (Bandar Anzali) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25270 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:54:06 | 25270 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Sampling of Astacus leptodactylusc were conducted in order to determination of biometrical and biological parameters suchas length, weight, sex ratio, fecundity and natural reproduction time. Two transect were selected at 49 34 and 49 36 geographical position on east Caspian Sea near to Anzali city. Metallic folding trap with Silurus glanis as attractive diet were used to catch Astacus leptodactylusc at each line the traps were set on depth of 35, 45, 55 and 65 (5 trap at each depth). Random sampling from each depth on tow lin for one year were conducted and the biometry performed on catched Astacus leptodactylusc where their sext uality and their ration were determined for eacd month , season and whole year. Absolute fecundity determined by cooking Astacus leptodactylusc , taking out the ovary weighing and counting them .Working fecundity assesed by separating eggs from their swiming leges while enomerate all egg . Complete randomized test of ANOVA for analysing the data were employed. The results showed average length and welght were calculated 122/07±1/74mm and 57/96±1/81gr respectively. Average absolute fecundity was 310/22 ±10/72 eggs , average working fecundity was 251/84±8/84 eggs, Average ovary weight was determined 4.31±0.619 gr and average number of eggs in one gr was 74/52±1/53 eggs. The sextual ratio in all year long was 1:1.32. The reproduction season is about seven month from Feburary to July and the moulting of males occurs two times each year. One of time is at May and the other is in September. The female molt thtina as the male start for second time.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Bandar Anzali ; Biology ; Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi ; Sex ratio ; Fecundity ; Silurus glanis ; ANOVA ; Female ; Male ; Coastal water
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    The effect of different dietary and bed treatments on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) for aquaculture (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25272 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 08:25:12 | 25272 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This experiment conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary and bed treatments on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) for aquaculture. Concurrent with initial proliferation of earthworms, a pilot experiment also performed. In pilot experiment that conducted to become familiar with specialty and requirements of Eisenia fetida earthworms, lasted 4 months. The pilot treatments were including: 1) cow manure with covering its surface (control group), 2) cow manure (C.M.) without covering its surface, 3) C.M.+ 5% wind sand, 4) C.M.+30% saw dust, 5) urban compost, 6) C.M.+20% alfalfa meal, 7) C.M.+ 20% wheat bran and 8) C.M.+20% rice bran. After initial proliferation of earthworms and performing a pilot experiment, two trials designed. The first trial performed in outdoor environment, inside the plots dugged in the earh, with six treatments. The treatments were including: 1) cow manure(control group), 2) cow manure (C.M.) with vertical ventilation, 3) C.M.+ 30% saw dust (S.D.), 4) C.M.+30% S.D. with vertical ventilation, 5) urban compost+20% C.M. and 6) urban compost+40% C.M. The experiment lasted 6 months. In the end of trial in every plot, from 4 points, sampling for number of mature and immature earthworms, cocoons and the weight of earthworms were measured. The second trial performed in greenhouse by using wooden boxes. In this trial the treatments were including: 1) C.M. as control group, 2) C.M.+30% S.D., 3) C.M.+30% S.D.+ 10% alfalfa meal, 4) C.M.+30% S.D.+10% wheat bran, 5) C.M.+30% S.D.+10% rice bran, 6) C.M.+30% S.D.+10% soil, 7) C.M.+30% S.D.+5% fine sand, 8) C.M.+ 30% S.D.+1% lime powder and 9) C.M.+30% S.D.+200 ppm ammonium nitrate. Every treatment performed in 3 replicates. The earthworms reared in controlled condition for moisture and temperature, for about 4 months. The pH of treatments measured monthly by paper pH meter and by method of solution extraction. In the end of trial the number of mature and immature worms, cocoons and the weight of earthworms in every box were measured and the average weight of every earthworm calculated. The results of pilot experiment showed that covering surface the bed is necessary for maintaining moisture and darkness for earthworms. In wind sand treatment, the bed had sticky and compacted statues and appeared that the earthworms moved and activated difficultly. The saw dust treatment had a wet- spongy environment and the earthworms distributed well in it and their size was larger than control. Urban compost treatment unlike its suitable pH (equal 8), hardly accepted by the earthworms and they stayed in the corner of bed for more than one month. The wheat bran and rice bran treatments, both had sticky texture at the beginning but by spending time, their beds improved. The results of first trial showed the Eisenia fetida earthworms can survive and growth in outdoor environment even in cold season of winter. In this trial the highest total number of eartworms and cocoons and the total weight of earthworms was belong to control group, that had significant difference with the treatments C.M. + 30% S.D., urban compost + 20% C.M. and urban compost + 40% C.M. (p〈0.05). The performing of ventilation in experimental treatments had not significant effect on the number of mature earthworms, total number of earthworms and their total weight compare to control group. The urban compost was not suitable for rearing Eisenia fetida, although addition of 20 and 40 % of cow manure could improve it for usage by the earthworms. The results of second trial showed that, addition of alfalfa powder, wheat bran, rice bran and lime powder to cow manure had not significant effect on the total number and total weight of earthworms compare to control group. The usage of soil in treatment C.M. + 30% S.D. + 10% soil caused significant decrease in number of mature earthworms compare to control group (p〈0.05). The treatments including addition of saw dust and saw dust + fine sand to cow manure increased the number of mature earthworms, cocoons and total weight of earthworms compare to control group significantly (p〈0.05) and treatment of ammonium nitrate caused significant increase in total weight of earthworms (p〈0.05) .
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Diet ; Treatment ; Earthworm ; Eisenia fetida ; Aquaculture ; Dietary ; Ammonium ; Nitrate ; Temperature ; pH ; Mature ; Immature ; Growth
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    Ecological study on rearing shrimp ponds (Litopenaeus vannemei) in Choebdeh Abadan (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25276 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:59:49 | 25276 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Following to introduce Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) into Iran aquaculture industries by fisheries organization its postlarvae were successfully reared in ponds in Bushehr and Choebdeh in Khuzestan. Due to activity of Shrimp site and importance of input and output water quality, this study was done in 11 stations including: two stations in Bahmanshir river, two station in C4 and C5 irrigation canals, six staions in active farms along C4 cannel (Yonesi, Mosavei and Salman Zadeh), and C5 cannel (Mohamadi, Khairi and Ashraf Por) and one staion in output draing were selected. Sampling were carried out from May2009 befor beginning stocking to harvest time in October 2009. Physico- chemical parameters and plankton sampled biweekly and benthic animals and heavy metals were sampled monthly. Some parameters such as pH and temperature by using portable multy parameters and others. Analyzed with standard methods. Heavy metals were measured by plarography method (797 Vamtro). Plankton and benthos samples were studied only in Bahmanshir station. According to results the maximum values for DO (11.1 ppm) PO4 (1.86 ppm) NO3 (8.4 ppm) and TSS (4992 ppm), pH (8.4) NO2 (0.18 ppm) BOD5 (9.06 ppm) were measured. In comparison to aquaculture water quality standards except for TSS in river stations others are located in allowable range. We didn’t observed any main changes in water quality from river to output drainage. The results of biotic parameters in river stations showed that diatoms were the most group of phytoplanktons. Zooplankton groups were Copepods, Rotifera and Protozoa. Tintinids and Nematoda larvae were the most abundant zooplankton. Benthic animals were included nine crustacean species and two annelid species. Isopods with 52% were the most and ant group.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Iran ; Khuzestan Province ; Abadan ; Choebdeh ; Bahmanshir River ; Vannamei shrimp ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Water quality ; Abadan aquaculture site ; Rearing ; Shrimp ; Ponds ; Sampling ; Plankton ; Heavy metals ; pH ; Temperature ; Benthos ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Copepods ; Nematoda larvae
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    Estimation of MSY on six species of commercially important demersal fishes in the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea (Hormuzgan province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25274 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:40:17 | 25274 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Today, calculation of MSY is one of the necessary fisheries management in control and prevention of the fish population reduction and is obtained with different methods. This study has focused on six species of commercial fish, including Tiger-toothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot, Yellowfin seabream and Silver pomfret. The study was done monthly, from January 2007 to March 2008, in three fish landing regions including: Bandar Lengeh, Bandar Abbas and Qeshm Island (Slakh, Basydu and Chahoshrqy). Total 5163 Silver pomfret (Pompus argenteus), 1766 Javelin grunter (Pomadasys kaakan), 2151 John`s snapper (Lutjanus johnii), 3280 Tiger-toothed croaker (Otolithes ruber), 1628 Indian spiny turbot (Psettodes erumei) and the number of 759 Yellowfin seabream (Acnthopagrus latus) were assessed and length biometry has been done, monthly. In this study, two methods were used to determine the maximum sustainable yield (MSY): 1- virtual population analysis (Cohort analysis) 2- use of statistics and information that was estimated with two method, catch prediction and biomass (Standing stock). The results showed that in 2007, MSY value was estimated through catch prediction for Silver pomfret, Tigertoothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot and Yellowfin seabream 1354, 1116, 1099.6, 1045.5, 914.5 and 529.5 tons, respectively. Moreover, this estimation have been done through standing stock for Silver pomfret, Tiger-toothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot and Yellowfin seabream 1215, 633, 1304, 878, 1095 and 441 tons, respectively; and through VPA for Silver pomfret, Tiger-toothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot and Yellowfin seabream 1100, 850, 920, 732.5, 1002.3 and 403 tons, respectively. Amount of biomass (Standing Stock) was estimated for Silver pomfret, Tiger-toothed croaker, Javelin grunter, John`s snapper, Indian spiny turbot and Yellowfin seabream 2530, 1172, 1738, 1689, 1470 and 1110 tons, respectively. In general, by assessing the obtained results for the studied species, except the fishing prediction results of the Javelin grunter and Tiger-toothed croaker species, which is less valuable due to the low correlation coefficient, it can be stated that except fishing pressure on John`s snapper and Tiger-toothed croaker, in other species studied, fishing conditions are in optimal situation.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Hormuzgan Province ; Bandar Lengeh ; Bandar Abbas ; Qeshm Island ; Silver pomfret ; Tiger-toothed croaker ; Javelin grunter ; John `s snapper ; Indian spiny turbot ; Yellowfin seabream ; Biomass ; MSY ; Species ; Demersal fishes
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    Study on biological factors for artificial reefs in Hormozgan Province (Bandar Lengeh area) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25290 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:55:23 | 25290 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was carried out for growth of organism’s survey on artificial reef from 2004-2006 after establishment in Hormozgan offshore waters (Bandar Lengeh area). Also during this study we were examined some biological factors including: phytoplankton, zooplankton, ichthyoplankton and benthos from spring 2006 to winter 2006. In this study 43 phytoplankton genus were identified, 28 Bacillariophyceae (Diatom), 11 Dinophycea, 3 Cyanophycea and 1 Euglenaphycea. Bacillariophycea were dominant, Cyanophycea were high density observed in summer and Euglenaphycea was only observed in winter. The most abundant genus of diatoms were: Rhizosolenia, Navicula, Nitzschia, Coscinodiscus. Ceratium, Prorocentrum and Protoperidinium belong to Dinophycea, Oscillatoria belong to Cyanophycea were more than other genus. Copepoda and Nauplius were the most zooplankton and other group were respectively: Oikopleura, Polychaeta and Chaetognatha. The highest density of zooplankton was seen in winter. The statical study between different stations didn't show any significant (p〉0.05). 6 ichthyoplankton families were seen and identified. These families were Clupeidae, Gobbidae, Callionymidae, Sparidae, Engraulidae and Scianidae. The high density were respectively in summer and spring. The highest annual mean belong to Gobbidae family. Benthos groups were including: Crustacea, Mollusca, Polychaete, Nematoda, Nemertin, Foraminifera, Opiouridae and Echiura. Annual high density of Crustacea were observed in spring season, Polychaete and Mollusca were observed respectively in summer and winter. Organisms which growth on the artifical reef were consist of 12 group. These Organism were Barnacle belong to Crustacea with one genus (Megabalanus tintinnabulum), Sponga with 5 families and Tunicate. The highest density was in 2005. We were seen increasing in size in some organisms such as Crab, Polychaetes, Bivalvia and Fish Larvae. Statical study didn't show any significant between organisms in different parts of artificial reef (top, mid, bottom) and kind of artificial reef had no effect on growth of organisms but Barnacles had high density on mixed artificial reef.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan Province ; Bandar Lengeh ; Artificial reef ; Plankton ; Benthos ; Growth ; Organisms ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Ichthyoplankton ; Bacillariophyceae ; Diatom ; Dinophycea ; Cyanophycea ; Euglenaphycea ; Rhizosolenia ; Navicula ; Nitzschia ; Coscinodiscus
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    Increasing growth rate of Salmo trutta caspius by selection (Phase 1) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25302 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:45:26 | 25302 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The management of genetically brood stocks of Salmo trutta of Caspian Sea in order to restocking for longe time harvesting and culture of fish in intensive system, has been little investigated, in contrast with European stocks. Salmo trutta Caspius is very important in biological and genetically point of view. This fish as gene bank valid for breeding improvement, hybridization and new cold species for culture, can be used. This study begain in 2007 and lasted 3 years in Bahonar, kelardasht of Iran. The breeders were 27 pairs. Each female have been crossed by 3 male. Eggs and larvae as well as the fingerlings reared separately of each crosses. The best fingerlings of 5, 20 and 100 gram were collected after 3 period of challenge. At the final 300 brood stocks in two groups were remained and stocked for artificial propagation. For heritability estimation in 4 stages sampling the weight and length were measured and it was 0.47 and 0.50 respectively. In case of molecular study the quality of DNA extract from the fin of breeders and their progeny by phenol-chloroform was good for PCR test. The heterosigosity test for Ho and He for each station and sites except for SRUTTA12 and STRUTTA59, the He was greater than Ho. Shaton Index and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for station and sites for male and progenies, the OM24showed deviation from H-W equilibrium. In case of similarity and genetic distance based on Nei (1972), the highest distance were in case of male and female, and were the least between fingerlings and male brood stocks.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Salmo trutta Caspius ; Heritability ; Genetic parameters ; Selection ; Growth rate ; Increasing
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    The effects of slurry on larviculture of Rutilus frisii kutum and chienes carp yield and determination of efficient concentration for increasing of production (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25300 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:40:33 | 25300 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Rutilus frisii kutum is one of the important fish of Caspian Sea which has significant economical role in the region .The objective of this project is a comparative study on traditional culture of fishes versus slurry. This survey were conducted on nine pound of 1.7 hec triplicate with their treatment with stocking densities of 1.7 million fish larva at Dr yousefpoor center (Affiliated of Shahid Beheshti culture and propagation) at Siakal village , 32 km far from Rasht city in North of Iran, the first treatment considered as control which practice traditionally (using concentrated food plus grinded kilka fish) .In the second treatment for 13 days the pound supplied only by slurry then followed by concentrated fish food only .The tired treatment started with slurry for 13 days and followed by slurry plus concentrated food. The physical and chemical parameters of water, plankton, biometry of fish, growth indices such as daily weight growth (DWG), daily length growth (DLG) as well as specific ratio (SGR) were monitored weekly. The result indicate that net fish production was 1.7 to 2 times higher in slurry than traditional treatment also the survival rate were 1.7 times higher in slurry treatment . The treatment of slurry follow by addition of concentrated food plus slurry showed higher yield camper to others. Slurry with several active substances is more effective and can promote the growth of zooplanktons which is the food of larval stage of rutilus frisi kutum. In second phase of this project the effect of slurry was surveyed on Chinese carp. This experiment was conducted in triplicate with two treatment (one treatment is control which use cow manure plus chemical fertilizer and second treatment was conducted with slurry) and stocked with 2375 N/hec (Silver carp 60%, Big head 15%, common carp 17% and grass carp 8%) at June. In this survey common carp and grass carp were feed with concentrate food and fresh grasses respectively. Chemical factors were measured once for each two week and density of plankton was determined when it was necessarily. Nutritional content of phosphorous, nitrogen, calcium, potassium and magnesium after anaerobic fermentation as well as protein and lipid content with 1.4and 1.9 times respectively were higher in slurry treatment than control. The results showed that survival rate and yield were higher in slurry than control. The increasing percent of yield were 13.5, 2.6, 18.4 and 85.3 in Silver carp, Big head, common carp and grass carp respectively. The survival rate of grass carp was twice higher in slurry treatment than control. Zooplankton abundant in slurry pounds was more but blue- green algae density was less than control. Protein and lipid analysis reviled no significant difference between control and slurry. In general the result indicate that the slurry with higher nutritional content is more effective on the survival and growth rate of fishes and also is more efficient in proliferation of plankton in particular zooplankton.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Slurry ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Cow fertilize ; Larviculture ; Carp ; Culture ; Plankton ; SGR ; Zooplanktons ; Silver Carp ; Big head carp ; Common carp ; Grass carp ; Phosphorous ; Nitrogen ; Survival rate ; Protein ; Lipid
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    Identification of Kerman Fishes (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25301 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:29:41 | 25301 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was performed as a research program in Agricultural Research center of Kerman since 2000. During one year identification of fish in qanat basins of Markazi desert and Sirjan desert was carried out. In this study Electroshoker and salik net with o.5 and 1 cm network and padel net with 1cm were used to catch the fishes from 73 series of qanat. Parameters estimated in qanats (pH, Weather Temperature, Oxygen , Ec,...) Specified in sum 767 from fishes which were in 2 order 3 family and 3 species as: 1-Order: Cypriniformes. Family: Cyprinidaea Species: Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1849) family: Balitoridaeb species: Schistura sargadensis (Nikolskii, 1900) 2-Order: Cyprinodontiforms Family: Poecilidaea Species: Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard, 1853)
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Kerman ; Sirjan ; Qanats ; Fish ; Capoeta damascina ; Gambusia affinis ; Schistura sargadensis ; pH ; Weather Temperature ; Oxygen ; Species ; Cypriniformes ; Cyprinidaea ; Balitoridaeb ; Cyprinodontiforms ; Poecilidaea ; Identification
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    Heritability and selection response estimation of growth rate in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25304 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:49:09 | 25304 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Common carp is the most important culture fish in the word, that can be consider as domestic fish. The Common carp of Caspian Sea is one of the economic fish, that have some morphenological differences, resistance in salt water and better quality in meet with domestic once and for using this fish in culture system, it is necessary to establish genetically parameters especially the heritability for selection purpose. The present study have been started from 2007 and lasted 3 years. The breeders were collected from the Gomishan station in south-east of Caspian Sea by fisherman and stocked in S.Rajaei fish restocking center and propagate based on the routine propagation technique in this farm. For heritability estimation a factorial crosses by 7×7 fish were done. Therefore, the fingerlings of 49 crosses were achieved, that kept first separately fiberglass tank and then in pond separately. Weight and length of fish were choice for heritability estimation. The average weight of juvenile common carp in 3 sampling stage of 90, 180 and 360 days, were 5.9, 35.7 and 84.7 gram and length of 9.6, 14.7 and 19.2 cm respectively. The heritability estimation for weight was 0.26 and length 0.25. Selection response based on selection difference by collection the more average breeders among their progeny were 36.4 g that means by selection every generation, there is about 4 percent improving in fish weight.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Gomishan ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Heritability ; Selection Response ; Culture ; Weight ; Length ; Fish ; Sampling ; Generation
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    Determination of optimum stocking density for whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture in outdoor pond in Choeibdeh, Abadan (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25311 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:35:51 | 25311 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was carried out to investigate the optimum stocking density for white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in earthen ponds in Choweibdeh shrimp site Abadan southwest Iran. Six 0.5 ha. Earthen ponds were applied to survey three stocking density of this shrimp (30, 45 and 60 indviduals/m^2) with two replicates each. 15 days old postlarvae (PL15) with mean weight of 0.021 g were reared in the experimental ponds for 60 days. Results showed no significant difference (P〉0.05 ) between the tested stocking densities in terms of growth (weight gain, length increment), specific growth rate (SG ), weekly growth rate, survival rate, food conversion ratio (FCR ) and protein efficiency rate (PER). Nevertheless best results were obtained in the stocking density with 30 ind./m^2 . Yield was increased by increasing the stocking density and the highest yield was obtained in the density of 60 ind./m^2 with significant difference with two other densities. Ultimately, according to the findings of the present study, stocking density of 60 ind./m^2 can be suggested as an acceptable density to be applied for white leg prawn in the region.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Abadan ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Stocking ; Density ; Growth ; Survival ; Density ; White leg shrimp ; Earthen ponds ; Weight gain ; Length ; SGR ; Yield ; Prawn
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    Stock assessment of the bony fishes in Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea (2007-2010) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25316 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:49:32 | 25316 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In the years 2007-2007, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 the exploitation of bony fishes resources (by 131 beach seines) started on 12 October but finished on 9 April, 9 April and 13 April, respectively. During these periods the total catch of bony fishes were 23537.8, 20045.5 and 18664.8 tonnes, respevtively. During these periods, kutum predominated and represented the highest proportion of total catch at 73.1, 74.0 and 66.9% , followed by golden grey mullet at 18.3, 13.9 and 18.7%, respectively. K values calculated 0.22, 0.15 and 0.14 year-1 and L∞ were 66.0, 62.7 and 70.0 cm for kuttum, golden grey mullet and common carp, respectively. The instantaneous coefficient natural mortality were estimated as 0.386 and 0.35 year-1 for kutum and golden grey mullet, respectively. During three periods, the exploitation rates were 0.789, 0.584 and 0.614 for kutum and 0.71, 0.75 and 0.61 for golden grey mullet, respectively. In the years 2007-2007, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, the total biomass, from the biomass-based cohort analysis were 56600, 62090 and 61590 tonnes for kutum and and MSY estimated about 24733.7 and 8550.4 tones for kuttum and 11040, 11900 and 14460 tonnes for golden grey mullet, respectively. The ABC (acceptable biological catch) were estimated as 8000 and 2200 tonnes.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Bony fishes ; Growth ; Mortality ; Biomass ; Acceptable biological catch ; Kutum ; Golden grey mullet ; Common carp ; Coastal waters
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  • 184
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    Cold pasteurization of rainbow trout fillet (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with gamma rays and shelf life assessment at refrigerated condition (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25320 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:47:39 | 25320 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of gamma rays on shelf life and fatty acids composition of Rainbow trout fillet (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during refrigerating condition. Quality and shelf life of non-irradiated and irradiated (0, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75 and 4.5 kGy) Rainbow trout stored at +4 C was investigated by measurement of microbiological, chemical and sensory analysis .Irradiation of fillets was performed by gamma rays from a Co60 source. Microbial counts for non-irradiated trout fillet samples were higher than respective irradiated fish. Total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) values was increased from 7 mg/100 g for non-irradiated to 52.7 mg/100 g after 15 days storage at refrigerator, whereas for irradiated fish lower values of 39.4, 37.6, 28.7, 25.6, 24.8 and 23.2 mg/100 g were recorded at 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75 and 4.5 kGy, respectively (day 15).initial amount of peroxide value in non irradiated sampleswas 0.8 meq/kg and was increased to 7 meq/kg (7 day).Highest amount of peroxide after irradiation process was belonged to samples irradiated by 4.5 kGy (1.5 meq/kg). Also, total viable count of irradiated samples were decreased significantly (p〈0.05). On nutritional aspect, results showed that total saturated fatty acid concentrations increased significantly (p〈0.001) with increasing irradiation dose , so that the control sample and fish muscles that irradiated with 4.5 kGy had the lowest and highest amounts of total saturated fatty acids (20.454 ± 0.011% and 19.228 ± 0.040% , respectively). The amount of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in irradiated samples were significantly lower than control sample (p〈0.001) and amounts of total monounsaturated (MUFAs) were significantly higher than control samples (p〈0.001). The results were indicated that the highest content of MUFAs and PUFAs were in samples irradiated with 3.75kGy (37.783± 0.092 %) and control samples (37.677± 0.104 %), respectively .The lowest level of MUFAs and PUFAs were in control samples (36.596 ± 0.024%) and 4.5 kGy (36.459 ± 0.047%), respectively. Altogether, results of this study were determined that irradiation treatment changes significantly the fatty acid composition especially polyunsaturated fatty acids in rainbow trout muscle (P〈0.001). Overall, irradiation of fillet by 3.75 kGy had best results on increasing shelf life of fillet at refrigerator (between 11-15 days) and had no advers effect on fatty acid composition of Rainbo trout fillet.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Irradiation ; Rainbow trout ; Fillet ; Shelf Life ; Fatty acid ; Refrigerator ; Pasteurization ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Gamma Rays ; Samples
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    National plan for studying on how can develop aquaculture in Sistan and Baluchistan by carried out research projects such as: Twice a year cultured of shrimp, propagation and breeding of Hamoon fish (Shizothorax zarudnyi) and propagation and breeding of three Indian carp species (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25323 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:54:44 | 25323 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Hamoun fish, Schizothorax zarudnyi, is an indigenous species of the eastern waters of Iran. 331 Spawners weighing 800-2450 g were collected from the Chahnimeh reservoirs in early autumn, 2006. from 5/3/2007 (the project is supported and communicated on 2010) , Ovulation was stimulated with three stimulators; pituitary extract (3-6 mg kg-1 body weight), GnRH-A (20-30 mg kg-1 body weight) and anti dopamine (10-15 mg kg-1 body weight) that was given in 2-3 doses to breeders. Of 169 injected breeders , some were injected On mid March of 2007 (12-13 ºC water temperature) responded to the injection 25% ,while the rest were injected On April of 2008 (14-16 ºC water temperature) responded to the injection 65%. In the present project of 167 breeders 82 were female and 87 male. Totally 30 female breeders released their eggs in different stages. 20 female breeders released their eggs completely, 3 breeders released half of their eggs and 7 released 1/3 of their eggs. Larvae were fed with a mixture of powdered milk and egg yolk in this stage followed by decapsulated Artemia cysts and nauplii of Artemia and then on formulated starter diets used for carps. Because the ponds were not ready, larvae were maintained in troughs for about ten days before they were transferred to two 1200 m^2 earthen ponds where they reached a body weight of about 1 g. Larvae were fed with the starter feed SFCO in the earthen ponds. About 350 thousand larvae were stocked in two earthen ponds. Based on the results of present study and other studies we may conclude that artificial breeding in Schizothorax can be successfully achieved at 14-16 ºC in flow through systems using hormone therapy (combination of GnRha and anti dopamine) and larvae could be easily cultured in earthen ponds. However this species exhibits lower growth rates as compared to carps its high expenses could have an important role in economical feasible. Farming of Indian white Shrimp P.indicus in 4 private farm was done in 2008. Surveillance and monitoring of these farms, the possible obstacles to the harmful effects of management strengths and weaknesses and develop in the future was done in corporation of Offshore fisheries research center of Chabahar and fisheries of Sistan and Balouchestan. First crop was successful, but the shrimp of Nursery pond and second crop due to the occurrence of white spot disease (WSSV) disease and casualties were died and did not actually do the work. The average minimum and maximum feed conversion in Culture period 1.46 and 1.96 respectively, in C2 _31 and C2 _ 14 farms were observed. Maximum production was 41,376 kg in farm C2 _31. The rainfall on 14 August severe flooding and water supplying cussed suddenly fall down of Inland channel water salinity at day 16-20th August to 4-5PPT and the PH go up to 8.8-9. After 2 days the white spot disease in South of site was confirmed and was transferred immediately to the north of site. (The pilot’s farm). The results showed that shrimp farming can be done in two periods in year with a predetermined .In this study the only factor that could have adverse effects on the project was Feed supply problems during the growing period and the consequences that it caused low average body weight and final harvested Shrimp resulted to delay in daily growth. 30000 juvenile Indian majour carps (LabeoRohita, Cirhinusmerigala, Catlacatla) imported (2007 and 2008) and transferred to the earthen ponds in Astaneh Fisheries Research Station (Gilan ) and SheibanResaerch center (Khozestan) , In order to assess the viability of rearing fry up to 1 gram fingerlings under the climatic condition of north and south part of Iran . Growth parameters from the larval stage to 1 g were studied also .The fry with 300 mg weight, were released in to 3ponds. Results have indicated adaptations and considerable growth in this species, with an increase from the initial weight of 300 mg to an average of 13.5±1.6 mg in 50 days period until the end of November for fingerlings. Catla was gain 1 g. during 15 day while Roho and Merigal were gain 1 g. during 14 and 10 days respectively. Results revealed that the Indian major carps compatibility with the condition in Gilan province was successful and the combination of species and optimization of their compatibility specially in other provinces like Sistan and Baluchestan were remind for further studies.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Sistan and Baluchestan Province ; Gwater ; Chahnimeh reservoirs ; Hamoun fish ; Schizothoraxzarudnyi ; Breeding ; Indian carp ; Growth ; LabeoRohita ; Cirhinusmerigala ; Catlacatla Intensive culture ; Indian White Shrimp ; Fenerropenaeusindicus ; UNDP ; Crap culture ; GnRHa ; Dopamine ; P. indicus
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    Planning and establishment of the laboratory information database system for Iranian fisheries research organization (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25328 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:49:43 | 25328 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Due to lack of access to comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding equipment, personnel, laboratory services tariffs and chemicals in the laboratories of Iran Fisheries Research Institute and felt the necessity of having this information for optimal management of the laboratories, it was decided with regard to all information needs in this area and using previous experiences in this regard as well as the experiences of other institutions and related organizations at the national (and even international) level, the system would be designed. The main purpose of implementing this plan was to establish and implement a software system based on web technology to create a comprehensive database of the Fisheries Research Institute's laboratories, so that in addition to organizing information, using periodic reports on various related areas a more appropriate monitoring and management system could be applied. Fortunately, after the design and implementation stages, the system in early January 2011 was fully applicable. The main parts of this system include portal; database; advanced data entry, search and reporting capabilities; direct tests order system and discussion forums.
    Keywords: Information Management ; Iran ; Laboratories ; Information Database System ; Fisheries ; Chemical ; Portal ; Iranian Fisheries Research Organization
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    Study on breeding of imported brood stocks Litopenaeus vannamei in Iran environment (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25338 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 10:05:42 | 25338 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Regarding to breeding the Litopenaeus vannamei, a total of 126 pairs of broodstocks were imported from Hawaii to Iran in 2004 and 2005, and then transferred to the Bandargah Research Station in Bushehr. The female broodstocks were ablated, and were feeded 3 times per day with cuttlefish, small size shrimp and Nereis worm with a ratio of 30% body weight. The water exchange were done 3 times per day. During the years 2004 and 2005 a total 1700000 naupli were produced of which 772000 specimens of pl13 and pl7 were harvested and then transferred to Helleh Site for carrying out the next culture project. The average naupli and postlarvae were 170000 and 92000 in proportion to each broodstock. Also the mean survival rate was estimated 54%.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Broodstock ; Breeding ; Female ; Cuttlefish ; Shrimp ; Nereis worm ; Body weight ; Nauplii ; Specimens ; Survival rate ; Breeding
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    The study of annual cycle of gonads developments and sex steroids of gray mullet, Mugil cephalus in Golestan Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25319 | 18721 | 2018-09-11 09:09:09 | 25319 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Grey mullet, Mugil cephalus is one of the most famous and valuable fish on the fisheries and aquaculture industry. This species is the most suitable to introducing the southern, northern and central regions of our country due to high resistant to large variation of water salinity and temperature. On the monthly sampling period biometric data including total length and total weight recorded and length and weight classes for every sex were determined. To understanding of physiological functions and sexual development of reproductive organs, this investigation carried out with Grey mullet imported from Hong Kong by 1993. Findings of this research can be used for management of artificial breeding of this species. Daily variation of pond water temperature was recorded. Sex steroid hormones and other plasma metabolites such as Ca^2+, cholesterol, triglycerides and total proteins were measured by blood sampling. Gonad samples were prepared in order to histological studies. Oocyte growth was studied by measurement of egg diameters. Measured values of cholesterol, triglycerides of blood plasma revealed that these metabolites have seasonal variation and severely deposited on the summer and mobilized on the spawning seasons. Findings of this research suggested that egg diameters, values of sex steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone) and Calcium concentrations of fish blood plasma shortening increased a long with day length shortening.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan province ; Mugil cephalus ; Sex steroid hormones ; Plasma metabolites ; Gonads ; Gray mullet ; Mugil cephalus ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Species ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Sampling ; Estradiol ; Progesterone ; Calcium
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    The biochemical composition of seaweed from the Persian Gulf and the effect of seaweed extract on the growth and composition of two microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri cultured as live food for Penaues indicus larvae (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25331 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:45:25 | 25331 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The biochemical composition of three groups of seaweeds; green (Ulva lactuca and Enthromorpha intestinalis), brown (Sargassum illicifolium and Colpomenia sinuosa) and red (Hypnea valentiea and Gracilaria corticata) from the Persian Gulf and the effects of seaweed extracts (SWE) either as a supplement or as an alternative media to the f/2 medium on the growth and composition of two microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri cultured as live food for Penaeus indicus larvae were investigated. Results showed that seaweeds were relatively high in carbohydrate and ash, but low in lipid. Lipid content in green seaweed was significantly higher than both the red and brown seaweed (P〈0.05). Protein content of both red and green seaweed was notably higher than brown seaweed (P〈0.05). The red and green seaweed had the highest proportion of saturated fatty acids, while the brown and red seaweed had the highest proportion of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. The mineral compositions in seaweeds were found in the sequence of K〉Mg〉Fe〉Zn〉Mn〉Cu〉Co. The study clearly showed that the two microalgae I. galbana and C. muelleri could be successfully cultured using the various SWE either as a supplement or as an alternative to the f/2 medium. Since no major changes were found in most of the measured growth parameters, proximate composition, important polyunsaturated fatty acids and mineral content following culture of the microalgae with SWE as an alternative media, it was concluded that the SWE evaluated in the present study are able to provide the necessary nutrients for microalgae growth and could be used as a low cost nutritive media in establishing microalgal populations for use in aquaculture operations. The present study found that when shrimp larvae were fed on microalgae (exclusively or mixed) that had been cultured with SWE as a supplement media, they molted faster to mysis 2 (MII) stage compared to larvae fed on microalgae cultured with conventional f/2 media (Control). Maximum final total length, survival rate and specific growth rate were recorded for shrimp larvae fed on microalgae diets that included SWE as a supplement in the culture media compared to shrimp larvae fed the control diet. The overall growth performance clearly showed that P. indicus larvae were successfully reared using microalgae diets tested, and the shrimp larvae fed on mixed microalgae (I. galbana + C. muelleri) showed better larval growth, survival and development than those that were fed on single microalgal diet. Furthermore, similar larval growth, survival and development were obtained when shrimp larvae were fed with microalgae cultured with SWE as a substitute media to f/2 medium. In conclusion, microalgae cultured with SWE could potentially be used as a low-cost alternative method in producing live food for the hatchery production of shrimp larvae.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Seaweeds ; Microalgae ; Biochemical composition ; Penaeus indicus ; Enrichment ; Growth ; Isochrysis galbana ; Chaetoceros muelleri ; Larvae ; Lipid ; Fatty acids ; Aquaculture ; Survival rate ; Shrimp
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    Survey on environmental pollutants (heavy metals, hydrocarbons, surfactant and chlorinated pesticides) in southern part of the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25326 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 10:09:55 | 25326 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Recently, the ecology of the Caspian Sea coastal has undergone with increasing development of human activities and industrial wastewater discharge. Therefore, considering the current situation, evaluate of pollutants issue in the Caspian Sea is very important. Results of this study showed that levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) of water had lower than standard and also acceptable for aquatic life. Significant accumulation of metals such as Co, Cu and Cr in the sediment was observed at transect Sefidrood and Anzali in comparison with six other transects (Turkmen, Amirabad, Babolsar, Noshar, Tonekabon and Astara) and for Ni at transects Sefidrood and Astara compared with six other transects (Turkmen, Amirabad, Babolsar, Noshahr, Tonekabon and Anzali) (P〈0.05). The amount of Zn in fish muscle Liza saliens was maximum and then metals such as Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Hg and Co were recorded (P〈0.05). In the north of Iran, two kind of bony fish, such as R..frisii kutum and Liza.s have maximum catchments as compared with other bony fish in the Caspian Sea. Based on calculation of risk of Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), we obtained THQ was less than one for all metals in young and adults human. Thus, consumption of R..frisii kutum and Liza.s per capita with 6 kg will not be at the risk for young and adults. Among of oil derivatives, polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) is hazardous compounds in the environment. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was announced 16 compositions of PAHs as an index. The results of this project showed that concentration of two and three rings of PAHs was lower than 4, 5 and 6 rings of water, sediment and fish at most stations and seasons. Among of 16 PAHs, only Benz(α)anthracene, chrysene, Benzo(α)pyrene and Dibenz (α, h)anthracene compounds were contained with ecological risks (HQ) more than one in the water and sediment. In addition, three compounds such as Chrysene, Benz(α)anthracene and Benzo(α)pyrene were observed in the edible fish tissues (Liza.s and R..frisii kutum) which have high ecological risks in the water and sediment. During four seasons (spring, summer, fall and winter), maximum concentration of organochlorine residue in the surface water (5m depth) were belong to β-Endosulfan (Turkmen), Dieldrin (Babolsar, Tonekabon) and endosulfan sulfate (Astara) and at 10m depth were γ-BHC, Dieldrin compounds (Tonekabon), DDT (Turkmen) and Aldrin (Babolsar). This values at 50m depth were belong to γ-BHC (Anzali), δ-BHC (Tonekabon), Dieldrin (Amirabad), and heptachlor (Amirabad). Maximum percentage of organochlorine pesticides residue in the sediments was belonging to only Aldrin compound at stations Turkmen, Babolsar and Tonekabon. In addition, maximum concentration organochlorine pesticides residue in fish tissue (Liza.s and R..frisii kutum) was DDT and Endrin aldehyde compounds. Mean surfactant concentration (LAS) of surface water (5, 10 and 50 m depths) at eight transects was 0.017±0.049 mg/l. The maximum concentration of LAS were 0.084 mg/l and 0.082 mg/l in spring and summer (Anzali transect), respectively. This value was 0.035 mg/l and 0.060 mg/l in autumn and winter (Sefidrood transect), respectively. As a conclusion, the concentration of surfactant in the Caspian Sea basin is not critical as compared with standard level.
    Keywords: Pollution ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali ; Babolsar ; Astara ; Noshar ; Sefidrood ; Survey ; Pollutants ; Heavy metals ; Hydrocarbons ; Aquatic ; Bony fish ; R.frisii kutum ; Liza ; PAHs
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  • 191
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    Survey of diversity, distribution, abundance and biomass of macrobenthic fauna in the southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25329 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:35:03 | 25329 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This project were investigated seasonally from march 2008 up to one year, in southern Caspian Sea iranian coast /Sampling was carried out at 8 stations of between 5 and 100 m depth and taken in triple with a 0/1m² van Veen grab/Total twenty four species and one family and one order were identified, presenting low dominance and frequency/ polychaeties 56%,oligochaetes 39% bivalves 〈1% amphipodes1% Cumacea and diptera and cirrepedia %1 of whole macrobenthos compositions/ Polychaetes and oligochaeta dominated, representing 95% of the whole fauna/Average of species were 11/8 species per grab/max 21 species / grab were found in Tonkabon stations at 100 meter depths and minmum 4 species/grab in 20 m in Bandar anzali /Maxmiun density were 4783 n/m^2 in spring and minmum 3177 n/m^2 in winter/Highest density were recorded in Amirabad stations and lowest in nooshar/ Maximum density showed in east, mimun in middle area of sea The biomass of benthos adventages in west/Average biomass of whole area were 6/932 gr/m^2/Mean total organic matter were 3/11±1/1 and silt- clay 62/92±6/12precent and Mean dissolve oxygen and salinity were 8/3±0/15 mg/l and salinity 12/2 ±0/4 ppm and water tempreture were 14/9±0/18ْC/ Mean grain size, fine sand, very fine sand, silt and clay contents were among the main factors related to the patterns of macrofaunal distribution, density and diversity and dominance of trophic groups.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Tonkabon ; Bandar Anzali ; Macrobenthos ; Disturbiotion ; Diversity ; Productions ; Survey ; Diversity ; Abundance ; Biomass ; Macrobenthic Fauna ; Sampling ; Species ; Polychaeties ; Oligochaetes ; Bivalves ; Dissolved oxygen ; Salinity ; Temperature
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  • 192
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    Hydrology, hydrobiology and environmental pollution study of the southern of Caspian Sea basin (10-100 meter depth) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25335 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:35:23 | 25335 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to study of Hydrology, Hydrobiology and Environmental pollution in the southern of the Caspian Sea. 33 stations were selected from Astara (in the west) to Hassan gholi (in the east). In each station, sampling carried out at suface, 10, 20, 50 and 100m depths. Sampling was performed during four seasons in 2004. Sampling stations also divided into three regions, including west (from Astara to Ramsar), middle (from Ramsar to Sari) and east (from Amirabad to Hassengholi). The results showed that maximum of water temperature was 24 ?C at summer in the eastern region while the minimum of water temperature in winter season has been 9.7 ?c in the western region. The average of dissolved oxygen concontration in spring, summer, autumn and winter season were 6.9 , 6.6, 8.2 and 6.7 mg/l , respectively. The maximum value of salinity was observed in spring (13.55 ppt) and minmum value in winter (8.24 ppt). The average of total nitrogen concentration were season was 711, 884, 583 and 669 µg/l in spring, summer, autumn and winter repectively. The average of total phosphorus concentration was 27.9, 37.1 and 42.6 µg/l in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The average of dissolved silica concentration has varied from 167 to 923.6 µg/l. The five phyla of phytoplankton have identified. The most species diversity was observed in winter (70 species) but the low species diversity has obtained in autumn. The most phytoplankton population was in spring and summer seasons. The cell abundance of phytoplankton in different seasons was fluctuated from 3914*103 to 17337*103 ind/m^3. In addition, the phytoplankton biomas was varied 11.4 to 30.7 mg/l. Result showed that distribution of phytoplankton are varied at different areas, layer, seasons and stations. The average of cell abundance of zooplanktons was varied from 2023 to 12364 and/m^3 at different seasons. The mean of bioman varied from 9.40 to 43.48 mg/l. In this study, 17 species and one class of macrobenthos were identified. The frequency of Annelida and Biovalvia was higher than all macrobenthos. The average of macrobenthos was 1218±851 ind/m^2 and their biomass was 14±15 g/l. The average of PAHs concentration were 0.038, 0.028 and 0.21 mg/l in spring , summer and winter, respectively. The decending trend of heavy metal concentration were Fe〉Mn〉Zn〉Cr〉Pb〉Co〉Cd〉Cu at different seasons in 2004. The maximum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) components in three regions of sampling zone such as , -BHC (middle), β,-BHC (middle), DDT (east) and dieldrin (east part) were 88.3, 35.0, 74.3 & 79.1 g/l during spring, summer, fall and winter, respectively.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Astara ; Physo-chemical parameters ; Plankton ; Benthos ; Enviromental Pollutions ; Hydrology ; Hydrobiology ; Sampling ; Temperature ; Dissolved oxygen ; Dissolved silica ; Species ; Phytoplankton ; Biomass
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  • 193
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    LHRH-A implantation on reproductive cycle of Iranian sturgeon (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25341 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:10:43 | 25341 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Iranian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) is one of most commercially important sturgeon species in the Caspian Sea and it is considered as an endemic sturgeon of the south part of the Caspian sea. Most of its populations distributed around the south coast of the sea and also the most Iranian caviar production belonged to this species. Due to overfishing, degradation of the rivers conditions as the natural reproduction places the stocks of the fish is decreasing and that is why the Islamic republic of Iran releases millions of its fingerlings to the rivers that end to the sea to stock restoration. With regard to the high expenses of the artificial propagation and fingerlings production, finding and creation of better output will play an important role to decrease the production expenditures. Now days, the decrease in the natural stocks of broodstocks and also the low quality and immature caught broodstocks are the fundamental problems which the industry of sturgeon mass production faces. These not fully matured brooders do not response the hormonal induction processes at the sturgeon hatcheries (because they do not reach to final maturation and some of them having polarization index greater than 10) and large numbers of the caught and transported brooders to the hatcheries will not produce any fry (as the data distributed and published by the sturgeon hatcheries about the production techniques). The main objective of the research study is to apply a new method for artificial reproduction (LHRH-A implantation) to gain the best output from the Iranian sturgeon brooders caught and transported from the Caspian Sea which will be done for the first time on sturgeons and there is not still any report of the application of this procedure (LHRH-A implantation) over these kinds of fishes. Most published report on the method belonged to the teleosts.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; LHRH-A ; Implantation ; Iranian sturgeon ; Acipenser persicus ; Species ; Population ; Caviar ; Species ; Fingerlings ; Artificial propagation ; Broodstocks ; Hatcheries ; Brooders
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  • 194
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    Survey on health status in aquaculture sturgeons centers (Mazandaran, Guilan And Golestan Provinces) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25330 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:40:49 | 25330 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Study of survey health management and diseases in hatcheries and fish farms can help us to knowledge and application control methods such as: prevention, treatment and increase high levels of production in hatchery and farms, finally. This survey carried out from 2005 to 2008 for 4 years in sturgeon hatcheries and farms of Golestan province. Sturgeon fishes include Huso Huso, Ship sturgeon, Acipenser persicus collected and for virology, bacteriology, fungius and hematology examined. Also, physicochemical parameters measured and recorded in different stages of culture. Results of this study showed that all of samples in virology was negative and did not observe any doubetful causes. In bacteriology CFU was variation from 3/9 ×105 to 6/9×10. The most parasites that detected in this survey was Cocolanus espherolanus, Sceria binopsulus semiarmatus and Amphilina fuliacea that separates from Acipenser Percicus, especially. The results about hematology parameters some important hematological indices of ship sturgeon include: The total RBC for female and mail specimens measured as 5.3±1.5 ×10^5, 4.8±0.5×10^5 per mm^3 respectively. The amount of haematocrit and hemoglobin for female and mail determined: 34.3±2.8, 35±1.4 percent and 10.3±0.9, 8.9±0.8 gr/dl .The MCV: 216.3± 96.2, 736.5± 102.5, MCH: 720.2±309.5, 186±0.7 and MCHC: 30±0.8, 25.5±3.4 percent respectively.The total WBC were (female, male): 21320±1054, 20580±777 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 16.4±2.5, 17±1.4 percent and lymphocyte: 74.4±2.4, 73.5± 0.7 percent and eosinophil: 6±1.4, 6.4±0.5 percent, monocyte: 2.8±0.8, 3.5±0.7 percent. There was not any significant differences (p〉0.05) between mentioned parameters in male and female (students t-test). Also evaluation of hematological parameters in bluga ( Huso huso) include: total RBC were (male , female) 5±0.3 ×105 , 4.9±0.6 ×105 per mm^3 ,respectively and hematocrit: 33.2±6.7 , 35.4±3.4 percent and hemoglobin: 11.2±1.5 , 12.2±1gr/dl and MCV: 669.9±172.2, 723.9±982.4 and MCH: 226.2±42.5, 249.5±35.4 and MCHC: 34.1±2.4, 34.6±3.6 percent respectively. The totals WBC were (male, female): 24800±707.1, 23042±1375.4 per mm^3 and neutrophil: 18.5±0.7, 21.4±1.1 percent and lymphocyte: 73.5±1.4, 68.4±1.1 percent and eosinophil: 5±2.8, 7±1.2 percent and monocyte: 3.5±3.5, 3.2±0.8 percent. According to statistically study the count of lymphocyte had significant difference between male and female fish and this count in male was higher than female. (p≥0.05).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan Province ; Mazandaran Province ; Guilan Province ; Fish ; Sturgeon ; Huso huso ; Ship ; Acipenser percicus ; Bacteriology ; Parasitology ; Health management ; Diseases ; Survey ; Aquaculture ; Hatcheries ; Samples ; Sceria binopsulus ; Amphilina fuliacea ; Female ; Male
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  • 195
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    Identification of distribution of Macrobrachium nipponense in freshwater ecosystems and coastal waters of Golestan Province, Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25334 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:56:40 | 25334 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Distribution of freshwater shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense) in the freshwater ecosystems such as Alagol, Almagol, Ajigol lagoons, Gomishan lagoon and Gorganrud River. Sampling were done from may 2009 to my 2010 parameters such as, length frequency, growth rate, sampling, feeding, environmental factors and sedimentation were investigated. 3689 females and 8551 males were collected and biometrical parameters were recorded. Total length ranged between 3.2 to 98.7 mm. The parameters b of length-weight relationship in Alagol, Almagol, Ajigol were 3.49, 3.15, 3.45, 3.22 and 3.22, 3.28 for male and female, respectively. It shows in all lagoons for male and female growth is positive Allometric. Spawning period was from May to June. The length first at maturity (total and/or carapace) for three lagoons was 50.5 mm and 133 mm, respectively. The minimum and maximum of egg volume were 0.12 mm3 in Ajigol and 0.07 mm3 Alagol, respectively. The relationship between fecundity and length was found to be linear regression models for Alagol, Ajigol and nonlinear regression models for Almagol lagoon. Result showed that this species is omnivorous. The minimum and maximum temperature was 6.5ْ C in fall and 33ْ C in summer. The lowest and highest fluctuations of pH level in Ajigol and alagol lagoons were 8.2-9.2 and 7.2-9.8. Among three lagoons, the most EC was 5.9 Ms/c in Alagol lagoon. The Gorganrud River shows the maximum EC, 16.7 Ms/c.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Golestan province ; Alagol lagoon ; Almagol lagoon ; Ajigol lagoon ; Freshwater shrimp ; Macrobrachium nipponense ; Wetland ; Biology ; Ecosystems ; Sampling ; Growth ; Eggs ; Identification ; Distribution
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  • 196
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    Preparation of inactivated vaccine to induce resistance against white spot syndrome virus by nuclear & non nuclear techniques (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25345 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:43:08 | 25345 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The inactivated of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by Gama and Electron radiation and chemical material such as Formalin with antigen property have been done during last year. At the first time the stock of virus prepared and purred it. Six hundred of shrimp Fenneropenaus indicus with average weight 7 to 12 gram collected from shrimp research station in Heleh area and transported to Shrimp Research Institute in Boushehr province. Vibrio parahemolyticus obtained from Veterinary University of Tehran and then lyophilized it. The bacterial V. parahemolyticus inactivated with Gamma, electron and formalin and then injected to shrimp for activated the immune system. The source of viruses was identified through PCR, TEM and histopathology methods from the shrimp infected in 2009 occurrence of boushehr province. The virus injected to crayfish and collected the hemlymph for prepared the stock of WSSV virus. The virus was lyophilized and then exposed to gamma and electron radiation and formalin with optimal dose for inactivated the virus. The shrimp divided to 25 groups and each group consist of six shrimp and the vaccine exposed to shrimp with injected and bathroom methods and the documented the result after 15 days. In vivo virus titration was performed in Penaeus indicus. Inactivation of WSSV was carried out by a gamma cell instrument Nordian, model 220 with dose rate: 4.8 Gy/sec and activity: 20469 Ci. The LD50 of live virus stock was calculated 10 5.4 / ml and the optimum dose of gamma radiation beam to inactivate WSSV was obtained 14-15 kGy. The LD50 of live virus stock was calculated 10 5.4 / ml and the optimum dose of electron beam to inactivate WSSV was obtained 12-13 kGy and and the virus inactivated by formalin 0.5% V/V during 10 minutes.The LD50 of live virus stock was calculated by Karber method 10 3.29 /ml and 10 5.35 /ml, respectively. The V. parahemolyticus was inactivated with 8 KG. The result showed all vaccine during 2 hours have a good effect to shrimp viruses with the 102.4 LD50 / 50 l titre. The result showed if the Gamma and electron vaccine increase to feed of shrimp the effect of vaccine is better than when used without feed. The end of experiment our study showed that the Gamma vaccine has the better effect to control WSSV during 2 hours with comparing the others.
    Keywords: Health ; Iran ; Boushehr province ; Heleh area ; Vaccine ; White Spot Syndrome Virus ; Gamma irradiation ; Electron Radiation ; Formalin ; Penaeus indicus ; WSSV ; Fenneropenaus indicus ; Shrimp ; V. parahemolyticus ; Preparation
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  • 197
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    Fisebility study of collection and rearing of proleus stage of lobster (Panolirus homarus) in the cement tanks (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25367 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:25:04 | 25367 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present study was carried out from late October2010 to end of June 2011. Executive operations were done in two stages; proleus catching from the sea and stocking/rearing them in a control conditions. Totally, it took 8 months from start to finish. The research objectives were; - Proleus catching techniques achievement. -Proleus keeping, stoking and rearing achievement. 32 pieces of proleus and post-proleus were collected by special installed collectors at the beneath of the sea. They were stocked after adaptation and initially biometry. In order to stocking, two 4th-tone tanks (one for proleus stage and another one for post-proleus stage) were applied. 0.77 gram and 11.8 gram was recorded as average weighted for proleus and post- proleus, respectively. Four stations were chosen for collecting of require samples. They were starched from west side of Ramin’s Jetty toward east. 84% of the samples were caught from the station two, using sandwich collectors. Collector’s efficiencies were compared to each others, in this study. A significant difference was observed between the sandwich collectors efficiency with the other collectors (p〈0.05). This status was not observed between the other collectors, together (p〉0.05). Comparison of the proleus abundance between stations showed a significant difference between station 2 and other stations, but there wasn’t any sig. difference between the stations number 2, 3 and 4, together (p〉0.05). The samples were fed by fish waste, bivalves and squid. The amount of larval requirement food was calculated based on 15% of their body weight. During breading period, 50% of the rearing tanks water was exchanged, daily. Total weight, total length and carapace length was measured, monthly. 0.6 gram, 5.5 mm and 1 mm was recorded for mean total weight, mean total length and mean carapace length for proleus and 18.3 gram, 25.4 mm and 8 mm was recorded for mean total weight, mean total length and mean carapace length for post-proleus. According to the results, can be realized that growth rate in post-proleus was much faster than the growth rate of proleus. Finally, comparison of the total weight, total length and carapace length between proleus and post-proleus were showed a sig. differences between the two reared groups (p〉0.05).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Sistan & Baluchistan ; Lobster ; Proleus ; Collector ; Rearing ; Panolirus homarus ; Stocking ; Weight ; Length ; Growth Rate
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  • 198
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    Determination of optimum levels of energy and protein on pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diet at marketing stage (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25374 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:54:22 | 25374 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: To investigate an economical diet for white pacific prawn (Litopenaeus vannamei) rearing coastal zones of south Iran, 9 experimental diets were prepared considering three protein (37%, 37%, 40% CP) and three digestible energy (262, 312, 362 kcal. 100g^-1 DE) levels, using herbal protein source (soybean meal) as main protein source for the diets. 27 polyethylene round tanks (300 L volume) provided with aerated flow-through water system, stocked with …juvenile shrimps (9.16 ± 0.05 g mean weight) were applied to evaluate the growth performance of the shrimps and feed efficiency parameters of the diets for 8 weeks rearing period in an in-door experimental system. Results showed the diets were significantly different (P≤0.05)in the terms of growth performance and diet efficiency the shrimp, while the best obtaining observed in diet 1 (34% CP and 262 kcal. 100g^-1 DE). Average of weight gain was ranged from 4.58 ± 0.52 g in Diet 9 up to 6.88 ± 0.81 g in diet one, SGR was from 0.73 ± 0.06 in diet 9 to 1.00 ± 0.09 in diet one, survival was from 75.00 ± 7.07 % in diet 9 to 95.00 ± 5.00 % in diet one and FCR was from 5.02 ± 0.94 in diet one to 8.24 ± 1.59 in diet 9. Diets did not effectively influenced the body composition of the shrimp (P〉0.05). According to the results of the present study, 34% Cp and 262 kcal. 100g^-1 DE could be suggested as suitable levels to be considered in the diet of the white pacific prawn in the grow-out stage.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Pacific white shrimp ; Protein ; Energy ; Weight gain ; Feed efficienc ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Diet ; Rearing ; Juvenile ; Shrimp ; Growth
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  • 199
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    Propagation and stock enhancement of silver pomfret (Pamus argenteus) in the north west of Persian Gulf (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25359 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:37:31 | 25359 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted in the Persian Gulf (Coastal waters of Khuzestan province) from March 2009 to April 2010. The 237 specimen of Silver pomfert P. argenteus collected. Maximum of mature brooders at Jun and maximum of hatched eggs obtained at same month. Artificial fertilization was successful. Absolut fecundity was between 19000 to 38000.maximum of hatch was 51 percent. Maximum of fertilization was 32 percent and continued development of larvae to 35 days. Average of fertilized eggs was 1.1 mm. newly hatched larvae were 2.2 to 2.4 mm. The all Silver Pomfret larvae were dead at prude 35 days gently. Suppose n enhancement phase wasn't performed.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Khuzestan province ; Artificial reproduction ; Pampus argentus ; Larvae rearing ; Eggs hatch ; Specimen ; Silver pomfert ; P.argenteus ; Mature ; Brooders ; Artificial fertilization ; Fecundity ; Fertilization
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  • 200
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    Evaluation of restocking program in north Alborz (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25353 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:27:04 | 25353 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Gillan , Mazandaran and Gorgan provinces have temperate climate, thus they have more potential for aquatic animal culture. There are thousands hectare of lands for Aquaculture and fisheries in adjacent to Caspian Sea in this provinces. These areas (North alborz) have provided a favorable back ground for aquatic animal breeding and stock enhancement of species in the sea. As a result, this investigation executed during two stages (phases). At first stage, the goal of this project included the feasibility study and demonstrating the existing situation of fish stock enhancement activities in North Alborz area and second phase is to survey on distribution, and production activities of stock enhancing hatcheries as well as their constructions, and production time table. Survey was started from 2006 to 2008 by using qestionaries in 7 hatcheries from tree provinces. Results reviled that there are more than 10 species was subjected to restocking .Total releasing was about 300 millions of fry and finger lings in to the Caspian sea.
    Keywords: Management ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Guilan Province ; Mazandaran Province ; Gorgan ; North Alborz ; Stock Enhancement ; Broodstock ; Production ; Yield ; Artificial propagation ; Bony fishes ; Sturgeon fishes ; Restocking ; Aquatic ; Culture ; Aquaculure ; Fisheries ; Breeding ; Survey ; Hatcheries ; Fry ; Fingerlings
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