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  • Temperature  (80)
  • Culture  (65)
  • Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute  (142)
  • 2020-2022  (142)
  • 1
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    The study of propagation and culture of marine worm (Perinereis nuntia) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25268 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:30:30 | 25268 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Marine polychaete worms living in different beds from coastal areas, so different cultures can be different effects on their development. The evaluation of this research initially, marine polychaete worms were collected in low tidal sea areas from Gulf Persian coast in Bushehr. During several stages of sampling do more than 2000 pieces of worm were taken and then transferred to Bandarga Shrimp Research Station (Iran Shrimp Research Center). So based on an observation the desired species identification (Perinereis nuntia). Then 400 pieces worm selected and transferred to tanks maintain immature worm (fiberglass tanks with dimensions of 2×2×0.5 m with 15 cm sand on floor). The results showed that even the worms (P. nuntia) in vitro reached sexual maturity able to spawn in captivity conditions and were absolute fecundity of 16010 ± 17630 eggs. After incubation eggs, larval culture into the plastic tank with 70 cm diameter, larval (1.5 to 2 mm) were introduced with density 2000 (pieces/m^2). In this research used to three different beds (tidal, filled with water all of time and wet bed) with three different food types (food shrimp, seaweed and vegetable waste), so there were 9 experimental treatments. All experimental treatments harvested and estimate production in each of them after 270 days. The seaweed tidal treatment with amount of 21.17 g/m^2 had best results and the all of wet treatments with 0 g/m^2 was the lowest production. Compare of beds showed that the tidal treatments have significant difference with other beds in growth factors (e.g. mean weight, survival percentage and total production) (P〈0.05). And for effect of food kind on growth factors, the result of difference foods in tidal treatment were analyzed. According this mater any treatments have no significant difference together in growth factors (e.g. mean weight, survival percentage and total production) (P〉0.05).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr Province ; Propagation ; Culture ; Marine ; Worm ; Perinereis nuntia ; Polychaete ; Sampling ; Shrimp ; Perinereis nuntia ; Immature ; P. nuntia ; Sexual maturity ; Survival percentage
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  • 2
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    Study on propagation and breeding of Hamoun fish (shizothoraxzarudnyi) to one gram weight in earthen pond (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25322 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:50:04 | 25322 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Hamoun fish, Schizothorax zarudnyi, is an indigenous species of the eastern waters of Iran, which is exclusively found in this region. However recently drought occurrence in the Chahnimeh reservoirs (a semi natural water body) making them vulnerable to extinction. As an appropriate action to address this problem and according to the 3 side contract between Italian Government – UNDP - Islamic republic of Iran Government and the Italian government financial support to reduce poverty in the Province of Sistan-Baluchestan through the reinforcement and dissemination of aquaculture activities the project was developed at the Hamoun Research Unit by the Chahbahar Fisheries Research Center to record the breeding normative of 1 g weight larvae for restocking and other researching purposes. 331 broodstocks of the indigenous species Shizothorax zarudnyi weighing 800-2450 g were collected from the Chahnimeh reservoirs in early autumn, 2006. From 5/3/2007 (the project is supported and communicated on 2010) , Ovulation was stimulated with three stimulators; pituitary extract (3-6 mg kg-1 body weight), GnRH-A (20-30 mg kg-1 body weight) and anti dopamine (10-15 mg kg-1 body weight) that was given in 2-3 doses to breeders. Of 169 injected breeders , some were injected On mid March of 2007 (12-13 ºC water temperature) responded to the injection 25% ,while the rest were injected On April of 2008 (14-16 ºC water temperature) responded to the injection 65%. In the present project of 167 breeders 82 were female and 87 male. Totally 30 female breeders released their eggs in different stages. 20 female breeders released their eggs completely, 3 breeders released half of their eggs and 7 released 1/3 of their eggs. The male breeders just injected in the final dose of hormontrapy and all were ready for releasing sperms however the ovulation in female breeders occurs between 353-428 h ºC and after the final dose of injection. Ripe eggs were stripped from the females and fertilization was done by the dry method. Fertilized eggs were transferred to veis incubators and troughs. Incubation period for eggs differs and larvae hatch out after about 910 days at an average water temperature of 12.5 °C. Maintained at 13-14 °C, complete absorption of yolk sac in Shizothorax zarudnyi larvae occurred after 5-8 days. Larvae were fed with a mixture of powdered milk and egg yolk in this stage followed by decapsulated Artemia cysts and nauplii of Artemia and then on formulated starter diets used for carps. Because the ponds were not ready, larvae were maintained in troughs for about ten days before they were transferred to two 1200 m2 earthen ponds where they reached a body weight of about 1 g. They were then handed over to the Iranian Fisheries department in the region. Larvae were fed with the starter feed SFCO in the earthen ponds. About 350 thousand larvae were stocked in two earthen ponds. Based on the results of present study and other studies we may conclude that artificial breeding in Schizothorax can be successfully achieved at 14-16 ºC in flow through systems using hormone therapy (combination of GnRha and anti dopamine) and larvae could be easily cultured in earthen ponds. However this species exhibits lower growth rates as compared to carps its high expenses could have an important role in economical feasible.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Sistan and Baluchestan province ; Chahnimeh reservoirs ; Chahbahar ; Hamoun fish ; Schizothorax zarudnyi ; Breeding ; Species ; Aquaculture ; Temperature ; Female ; Eggs ; Hormontrapy ; Sperm ; Ovulation ; Larvae ; Fisheries ; Earthen ponds
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  • 3
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    Investigation on feasibility polyculture of Litopenaeus vannamei with Mugil cephalus in earthen shrimp ponds (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25324 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:56:53 | 25324 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted in order to optimizing of the biological condition and enhancing of the harvest efficiency for cultured shrimps of Guater site. Experimental design was consisted of three treatments and each treatment with three replications (totally 9 ponds with 600 m^2 area for each pond). After preparing and watering of ponds, the ponds was stocked with shrimp post larves in a density of 0.007±0.001 g (or 20 numbers per m^2) per m^2. After 35 days, the fingerlings of gray mullet were released to shrimp ponds in densities of 0/100 m^2 (T1/), 2/100 m^2 (T2) and 4/100 m^2 (T3). During experiment, the physicochemical parameters of water (temperature, O_2, pH, water transparency and salinity) were measured daily for two times (morning and afternoon). Also, the nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and silicate concentrations and BOD5 as well as chlorophyll (a), phytoplanktons and zooplanktons were measured every 15 days one time. To determine the organic values of the bottom sediment of the ponds, monthly sampling was conducted. Health status of shrimps was investigated monthly too. Growth rate, mean weight, survival value, Food conversion ratios (FCR) and total shrimp harvest (Kg) were measured after 107 days rearing in ponds. ANOVA analysis showed significant differences between treatments. The highest (212 Kg, 3533 Kg; weight mean was18.4 g for each shrimp) and lowest (187 Kg, 3116 Kg; weight mean was16.23 g for each shrimp) of harvested shrimps were yielded in T3 and T1 respectively. There was not significant differences between treatments in terms of survival rate (P〉0.05). After 107 days rearing, the highest (1.27 0.2) and lowest (1.2 0.1) of FCR were observed in T_3 and T_1 respectively. Although, there were no significant differences between T_2 and T_3 in ammonia, O_2, Total organic material, pH and BOD5, but, T_2 and T_3 had significant differences with T_1 in these parameters. In this study, 27 genus of phytoplanktons belonged to Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), blue-green algal (Cyanophyceae) and dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) were identified. Diatoms with 20 genus had more abundance than dinoflagellates (6 genus) and blue-green algal (1 genus). Also, 7 orders of zooplanktons including copepod, mollusks, nauplius of crustacean and rhizopoda were identified. Health investigation of T1 (without shrimp) showed more pathogenic pollution (parasites and bacteria) than in treatments with shrimp. In this regard, among bacteria, the Vibrio genus (V.Alginoliticus and V.Fluvialis) had more abundance and among parasites zoothamnium sp and Epistylis sp were identified which more abundance was for zoothamnium sp. In conclusion, our results concluded that mixed culturing of white shrimp and grey mullet in optimum densities is possible and is caused more production of shrimp.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Chabahar ; Guater ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Mugil cephalus ; Mixed culturing ; Polyculture ; Earthen ponds ; Shrimp ; Fingerlings ; Gray mullet ; Temperature ; O2 ; pH ; Water transparency ; Salinity ; Chlorophyll a ; Phytoplanktons ; Zooplanktons ; ANOVA ; Diatoms ; Bacillariophyceae ; Blue-green algae ; Cyanophyceae ; Copepod ; Investigation
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  • 4
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    A survey on environmental effects of shrimp pond culture effluents in Gwatar area (Sistan & Blouchestan) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25327 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:54:28 | 25327 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Present project was conducted in shrimp farm located in east of Chabahar in Sistan and Balouchestan province.Twentieth sampling stations at three locations (i.e. 2 stations in supply channel,13 stations in drainage channel and 5 stations in Gwatar Gulf) were selected to determine physical and chemical factors such as; temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and biological parameters for example Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Sampling was conducted once a month from March 2003 until January 2004. The results revealed different bioenvironmental area in the three locations (i.e. supply channel, drainage channel and Gwatar Gulf) over the study period. Concentration of salinity ,pH , nitatr ,nitrite ,ammonia and chlorophyll a in drainage channel were more than supply channel and Gawtar Gulf. While concentation dissolved oxygen and phosphate were in drainage channel less than Gawtar Gulf.Also, sediment with small grain size (clay and silt) caused uptake phosphate and amount phosphate decreased in drainage channel. Considering with lack of environment standards in Iran shrimp effluent, data compared with others countries standard. Results showed that with considerable farm area, value of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH were in permit range in Gwatar Gulf while concentation nitrate, phosphate and chlorophyll a were sometimes more than permit range that could cause plankton bloom. Also, Gwatar Gulf were influence monsoon. Nitate, phosphate, chlorophyll a and phytoplankton increased in gwatar Gulf.Regards with that postmonsoon was simultaneus with shrimp harvest.Therefore, increase some parameters could be caused from shrimp effluent or postmonsoon. Thirty four phytoplankton genus were identified including diatoma, dinoflagellate, cyanophyta and chlorophyta. In each area maxiumum percentage of phytoplankton were belonged to diatoma (63%) in supply channel, cyanophyta (51.7%) in drainage channel and dinoflagellate (94.5%) in Gwatar Gulf.Amount and range chemical and physical factors and plankton composition were different in drainage channel, supply channel and Gwatar Gulf. Cyanophyta could grow more in drainage channel.Percentage of aboundance and diversity of phytoplankton changed in 2002 inrelation to years ago( before shrimp culture, 2000 year and 2001 year) specially in Gwatar Gulf. Mainly percentage of zooplankton were copepoda and thintinida respectively.Diversity zooplankton decreased ratio to years ago. In drainage channel, abundance total of phytoplankton and zooplankton were more than Gwatar Gulf and supply channel.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Sistan and Blouchestan ; Gwatar ; Chabahar ; Environmental effect ; Shrimp culture ; Survey ; Sampling ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Chlorophyll a ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Diatoma ; Cyanophyta ; Chlorophyta ; Copepoda
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  • 5
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    The monitoring of hydrology and hydrobiology stydies of the Persian Gulf in the Bushehr region (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25333 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 09:59:44 | 25333 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study has been carried out in waters of Bushehr province in the Persian Gulf covering Nayband bay to Bahregansar between 26° 45 N to 30° 00 N and 49° 45 E to 52° 45 E, 15 main and 5 sub- stations, by R/V Ferdows 1 in winter 2004, summer 2004 and winter 2005. The physico - chemical parameters, nutrients (silicate, phosphate, nitrate and nitrite), phyto, zooplanktons, sediments and macrobenthoses were collected from water layers and sea bottom, and then analysed. The parameters were compared and evaluated with the results of the previous work, conducted in the same area. Termocline, halocline, oxycline and picnocline layers were formed in summer. These clins disappeared due to water column mixing in winter. The values of temperature, conductivity and pH in summer were higher than those of in winter, while the salinity and density values of surface and subsurface layers in winter were higher than those of in summer. The temperature and conductivity have been decreased from surface to depth, from coastal rigions to offshore and from southern waters to northwern waters, while salinity, density and turbidity have been increased. The dissolved oxygen is decreased by increasing the values of temperature, salinity and depth and it is observed that D.O. has increased in correlation with chlorophyl a in mean and subsurface layers. The pH was rather decreased from surface to depth while turbidity was increased. Orthosilicate (Si_SiO44), nitrate (N_NO3), and nitrite (N_NO2 ) concentration have increased from surface to depth while orthophostate (P_PO43) decreased. Among the phytoplanktons, Dinophycea had most abundance in winter 2004 and Diatoms had most abundance, variety and distribution in summer 2004 and winter 2005. Among the zooplanktons, Copeopda had most abundance, variety and distribution. The intensity of phytoplanktons in summer was more than those in winter; it decreased from surface to depth and from coastal rigions to offshore, at first increased and then gradually decreases. Intensity of zooplanktons in summer was more than those in winter and decreased from surface layers to depth and from coastal waters to offshore. The abundance of benthoses in summer was more than that in winter while their biomass in winter was more than that in summer. The abundance decreased from southern to northwern waters, but the rate of decrease in biomass was more than that of abundance. The mainly texture of sediments was loamy or muddy and the grain size in southeastern and northwestern areas were coarser than those in middle area. Compared with the previous study, the trend of physico chemical, silicate, nitrate and nitrite were the same but in spite of the past, the values of pH in summer were more than those in winter and also phosphate concentration had been decreased frome surface layer to depth. The overall trends of phyto and zooplanktons densities are almost similar to previous observation, but cyanophyceae significantly decreased, in comparison with spring and summer abundance. It is also observed that the zooplanktons average density has been in reverse order compared to previous observations. Average concentration of phosphate in the entire region was seven times more than that of the former study and its maximum value has rised more than 26 times in the petroleum and gas industries areas. On the other hand, the abundance and diversity of phyto and zooplanktons and also the ratio of biomass to abundance of benthoses were decreased.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr Region ; Nayband ; Bahregansar ; Hydrology ; Hydrobiology ; Nutrients ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Sediments ; Macrobenthose ; Temperature ; Dissolved oxygen ; Chlorophyll a ; pH ; Diatoms ; Copeopda ; Depth ; Monitoring
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  • 6
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    Comparative survey of native species culture (Penaeus semisulcatus and Fenneropenaeus indicus) with non-native species (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Hele site of Bushehr province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25339 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 06:59:46 | 25339 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The culture of three species green tiger prown (Penaeus semisulcatus) ,white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) were grown in 7 ponds (0.4 and 0.25 hectare) for 110 days at a stocking density of 25 shrimp/m2 on Hele Research Station. The average of temperature and salinity was 30 degrees centigrade and 46-48 ppt .At the end of the culture mean weights of L.vannamei 18.68±2.6 was higer than the P.semisucatus 7.77±1.49 and F.indicus 14.66 ±2.1 also results demonstrated that there was a significant relation (P〈0.05) between mean weight. Final yield were 3114, 1983 and 848 Kg for L.vannamei, F.indicus and P.semisucatus.The FCR was better for L.vannamei (1.28) than F.indicus (1.48) and P.semisucatus (2.15).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; L.vanname ; F.indicus ; P.semisucatus ; Mean Weight ; Culture ; Native species ; Green tiger prown ; Penaeus semisulcatus ; Shrimp ; Indian white shrimp ; Temperature ; Salinity ; FCR
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  • 7
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    Feasibility study on pomferet (Pampus argentus) breeding technique in Imam marine research station (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25342 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:35:36 | 25342 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted during April to June 2007 .Pomferet brooders were captured by gill net (5 m Height, 300 m length, 7 cm size) during tidal time with 20-40 minutes interval. Khor Mermis, Khor Patil and Khor Mavi were subjected for broodstock captures. Totally 237 brooders were captured (126 male and 111 female) and were kept in 300 L. tanks. Semi dried method were used for breeding with 0.6 % fertility solution. Hatching were placed during 16-18 hoers. Fish larvae were kept in 4 T. tanks and were fed by fresh rotifer .temperature and salinity was kept 31-28 degree centigrade and 45-47 ppt. respectively .results shows successful breeding of pomferet in 2007 .egg diameter was 1.1 mm and hatching were completed during 16-18 hours at 31-29 degree centigrade. After 31 days length of larvae was 40 mm. while for 7 and 15 days length of larvae was 4.5 and 8.4 mm respectively.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Feasibility ; Pomferet ; Pampus argentus ; Breeding ; Marine ; Gill net ; Height ; Length ; Size ; Broodstock ; Fertility ; Larvae ; Temperature ; Salinity
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  • 8
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    Feasibility study on semiintensive polyculture of chainess and Indian carps in I.R.IRAN (Guilan province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25352 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 06:57:48 | 25352 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: 15000 juvenile Indian majour carps (Labeo Rohita,Cirhinus merigala, Catla catla) imported (200 ) and transferred to the earthen ponds in Astaneh Fisheries Research Station , In order to assess the viability of rearing under the climatic condition of north part of Iran and also achieve some growth parameters from the larval stage to market size.The fry with 300 mg weight, were released in to 12 ponds. Specimens were separated to tree experimental categories: 1= (30%indian carp and 70% chinees carp) , 2= (50%indian carp and 50% chinees carp) , 3= (70%indian carp and 30% chinees carp) .single chinees carp production were used as control . fishes were fed with artificial food and also with the natural products of the ponds which were enriched with organic fertilizers, after being equally stocked in the ponds .During the experiment, oxygen level ,PH, turbidity, and temperature were measured. Monthly fry samples were taken, for weight and length biometrical analysis and also determination of the weight gain percentage, average daily growth rate, specific growth rate. Results have indicated adaptations and considerable growth in this species, with an increase from the initial weight of 300 mg to an average of 13.5±1.6 mg in 50 days period until the end of November for fingerlings. Also the average weight of growing phase (second year of production ) was 647g for Labeo Rohita ,420 g. for Cirhinus merigala and 734g for Catla catla. The special growth rate (SGR)in Roho was 4.51 %.and 3.9 % for merigal and6.2 % for Catla while for Chinees carps SGR was 4.9, 6.7, 7.6 and 5.8 for silver carp,grass carp, common carp and big head respectively. Results revealed that the Indian majour carps compatibility with the condition in Gilan province was succesfull and the combination of species and optimization of their compatibility were remind for futhre studies.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Guilan Province ; Astaneh ; Indian carp ; Growth ; Labeo Rohita ; Cirhinus merigala ; Catla catla ; Polyculture ; Juvenile ; Earthen ponds ; Fisheries ; Rearing ; Larval stage ; Fry ; Specimens ; Artificial food ; Fertilizers ; pH ; Turbidity ; Temperature
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  • 9
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    Assessment of different methods of water treatment on decreasing pathogenic bacteria in shrimp hatcheries (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25373 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:27:49 | 25373 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The project of "Assessment of different methods of water treatment on decreasing pathogenic bacteria in shrimp hatcheries" achieved by mean of reviewing the effectiveness of various methods on the water treatment to reduce bacterial load of sea water. The project performed in Bandargah region of Bushehr province in order to checking the effect of different methods on the sea water and bacterial population. This project has been done over a year. In this study a total of 138 samples was collected during seven times and was evaluated as well as 7 treatments. In this study, the comparison of the effect of each factors (sand filter, chlorine, ultra violet ray, chlorine combined with ultra violet ray) was analyzed on the sea water by means of disinfection. During this study, other environmental factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and salinity was measured till we can ensure that they don’t have any negative impact on the treatments. Results showed that the density of total bacteria in sea water (Control) was averagely 5187 CFU/ml, this was done while the total density of bacteria in the sea water, reservation pool sample, sand filter water, water that irradiated with ultraviolet rays, chlorinated water and the water that was influenced by both chlorine and ultra violet ray was respectively 5187 2137, 4449 2042, 2782 1335, 1164 692, 143 104, 87 76 CFU/ml. Therefore, reservation pool, sand filter, ultra violet ray, chlorine, chlorine-ultra violet ray each of them was reduce respectively 14, 46, 77, 97, 98 percent of the density of total bacteria or in other words they reduced 0.06, 0.27, 0.65, 1.56, 1.77 log of the total population of bacteria in water. Moreover, the results from the total count of vibrios showed that reservation pool, sand filter, ultra violet ray, chlorine, chlorine-ultra violet ray each of them was reduce respectively 17, 47, 74, 98, 99 percent of the density of total vibrios or in other words they reduced respectively 0.08, 0.27, 0.59, 1.66, and 1.95 log of the total population of vibrios in sea water. Also the bacteria that isolated from each treatment were identified with the use of biochemical methods that totally were includes a wide range of bacteria, the identified vibrios were: Vibrio alginolyticus, V. costicola, V. fischeri, V. fluvialis I, V. fluvialis II, V. harveyi, V. natriegens, V. nigripulchritudo, V. parahaemolyticus, V. plagius I, V. vulnificus, V. anguilarum I, V. campbellii, V. nereis, V. proteolyticus, V. splendidus, and Unknown V. spp. Other identified bacteria belonging to the following genus: Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Borkholderia, Eschricia, Enteroacter, Flavobacterium, Micococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Staphaphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Unknown Bacteria spp. By comparing the results, we concluded that the best result was related to treatment that the sea water had been disinfected after the combined effects of chlorine and ultraviolet ray. It was determined that this process in compared with other treatments, had been reduced the total number of bacteria, the total number of Vibrios, the number of sucrose fermentative vibrios, and the number of non-sucrose fermentative vibrios respectively 98, 99, 98, 99 percent. In other words, the number of bacteria was reduced respectively 1.77, 1.94, 1.82, 2.23 log. So in this study, the applied method was introduced as the most effective way of disinfecting sea water. Meanwhile, none of pathogenic bacteria for shrimp including Vibrio harveyi was isolated by using this treatment. Comparing the results showed that the combined effects of chlorine and ultraviolet radiation is the most effective applied method for disinfecting sea water.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bushehr province ; Bandargah region ; Shrimp ; Water treatment ; Sea Dissolved oxygenwater ; Bacteria ; Hatchery ; Assessment ; Population ; Temperature
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  • 10
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    The study on possibility of fish soup powder production from different fish species in Sistan O blochestan Province, Chabahar (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25361 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:10:40 | 25361 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Fish soup powder is produced from three kinds of fish in Chabahar catched in Oman sea white flesh of many low value fish like threadfin bream, perches etc. can be used to prepare instant fish soup powder. This product has a high consumer acceptability in many countries in this research project we used 4 low value fishes with local name of Sarm, Chaman, Aroos and Talal belonging to families Carangidea, Lethrinidea, Drepanidae and Scombroidea. soup powder packed in laminated pouches and the shelf life of it is one year in ambient temperatures. The quality used to be good up to 6 month but after this time the quality decreases gradually. The experiment on fish soup showed that the percentage of protein was 32 percent, fat 11 percent and humidity 12 percent and ash 4 percent. The experiment conducted on fish soup powder was peroxide, total microbial count, organoleptic test for 6 month.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Oman sea ; Sistanblochestan province ; Chabahar ; Fish Soup Powder ; Species ; Fish ; Threadfin bream ; Carangidea ; Lethrinidea ; Drepanidae ; Scombroidea ; Temperature ; Protein ; Microbial count
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  • 11
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    Shrimp culture, Litopenaeus vannamei in the closed recirculation system (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25400 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 12:09:36 | 25400 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The project carried out at Shrimp Research station of Bandargah in 2011 to determine the production parameters such as; Average body weight, production, survival and feed conversion ratio in closed- recirculating aquaculture system for shrimp culture. This project was performed in 4 m3 fiberglass tanks. 3 tanks was chosen for the control and 3 were assigned to treatments. Considered Species in this treatment was white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) that with a density of 60 pieces per square meter, and was reared for 90 days. Culture in control as usual and change water regularly, but the treatments did not change water during the period of culture. Water in the treatment tanks was going to turn the filter system and waste was removed by mechanical and coal filter embedded in the route, and after filtering was transferred to the wastewater tank. Wastewater was aerated in this tank and after 24 hours was pumped out and return to treatments tanks. In the final of project, mean weight, survival rate and production for control and treatment, was respectively, 18.27 ± 2.84 and 20.70 ± 1.47 g, 73.83 ± 4.14 and 77.17± 13.66 percent, and 0.81 ± 0.14 and 0.97 ± 0.23 kg/m^2. Statistical analysis results show that there are no significant differences found between treatments and control (P〉 0.05), although in all the above criteria, the relative improvement was achieved to compared of control. But the results of feed conversion ratio was 1.27 ± 0.16 for treatments that are significantly different (P 〈0.05) with controls (1.56 ± 0.23). This result showed that efficiency of the food was better in closed- recirculating shrimp culture system.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bandargah ; Shrimp ; Culture ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Weight ; Survival rate ; Species ; Feeding
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  • 12
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    Monitoring of Cochlodinium sp for shrimp farms in Hormozgan Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25423 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:29:10 | 25423 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Blooming due to the some species of phytoplanktons especially Dynoflagellates has made some problems for water ecosystems and aquaculture. In this study, the density of phytoplanktons specially Cochlodinium sp. and also environmental factors such as temperature, pH, dissolved Oxygen, and transparency were recorded two weekly in 18 stations of Hormozgan province, Iran in order to monitoring of the possibility of phytoplankton blooming. During six months monitoring, the target phytoplankton, Cochlodinium sp was not observed in shrimp farms. But, other phytoplanktons and zooplanktons were observed as follow: 13 genus of phytoplankton and six genuses of zooplanktons has found in ponds, main water channel and sea. The diatoms with 10 genuses had the highest abundance and Dynoflagellates with 3 genuses had the lowest abundance and blue-green phytoplankton with one genus was in lowest group. Totally, diatoms with 77%, Dynoflagellate with 15% and blue-green alga with 8% abundance were the main populations of planktons in the studied area.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Hormozgan Province ; Tiab ; Algae Cochlodinium sp ; Shrimp farms ; Species ; Phytoplanktons ; Dynoflagellates ; Aquaculture ; Temperature ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen ; Transparency ; Zooplanktons ; Blue-green algae
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    Determination of effective parameters on growth and bloom forming of Cochlodinium polykrikoides (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25436 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:56:01 | 25436 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Harmful algal blooms resulting in red discoloration of coastal waters in the Persian Gulf, Iran were first observed in January 2007. The species responsible for the bloom, which was identified as Cochlodinium polykrikoides, coincided with massive aquatic organisms’ mortalities in the Persian Gulf. In order to provide optimum growth and bloom forming, C. polykrikoides cells were sampled during the bloom conditions in the coastal waters of Persian Gulf. After adaptation in filtered seawater, they isolated by positive phototropism characteristic of this species to light. They were grown in modified media culture at different salinity (30, 32 and 35ppt), temperature (20, 23, 26 and 28ºC) and intensity (35, 70 and 90 µmol m^-2 s^-1) with an initial cell density of 50 cell mL^−1. The results of the present study clearly showed that the highest alga biomass was obtained following culture by using A^2 medium under the 32ppt salinity, 26°C temperature, and under a 11h light:13h dark photoperiod regime at a light intensity of 90 µmol m^-2 s^-1 provided by cool white fluorescent tubes. Mean cell density of C. polykrikoides in a 60 liter tank for ten days reached to 32 × 10^6 cell L^−1. Moreover, individual C. polykrikoides chain with 18 cells was observed for the first time in cultures. Based on the results from the present study, as mentioned above, providing suitable media culture and physical condition (light intensity and temperature), bloom forming of C. polykrikoides start from day 8 to 10 and will be continued until day 24 t0 28. In the other hand, C. polykrikoide cells immediately crashed and destroyed.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Harmful algal bloom ; Cochlodinium polykrikoides ; Isolation ; Optimum growth ; Environmental parameters ; Phototropism characteristic ; Species ; Density ; C. polykrikoides ; Temperature ; Growth ; Biomass ; Bloom
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  • 14
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    Biotechnics of live feed (Chironomidae) culture for using in feeding of cultured aquatics (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25171 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:06:33 | 25171 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Larvae of the chironomid midges (blood worms) are known as use full live food for cultured aquatics. There are endemic blood worms in sediments of the earthponds of Bafgh area at center of Iran. This study tended to identification of two chironomid species, Chironomus aprilinus Meigen, 1830 and Dicrotendipes sudanicus Freeman, 1959 & 1961, from Iran as a new record. Culture of blood worms was successful in glass thanks with 16h. Light, at 24-26°C temperature. Eggs were incubated after 14 days. Suitable concentration of harvesting is 1-2 egg masses (1250eggs/m2). Enrichment of earth ponds or plastic thanks including sedime is offered for culture of chironomid larvae. Collectors prepared with low cost materials are useful for collection of egg masses. May, June and July are the best time for egg collection. Large blood worms are mainly available in winter. Results of body analysis of the larvae indicated high dry matter with good quality.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bafgh area ; Chironomid ; Identification ; Culture ; Collector ; Brackish water ; Chironomidae ; Aquatic ; Larvae ; Blood worm ; Sediments ; Species ; Chironomus aprilinus ; Chironomus aprilinus ; Feed ; Feeding
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  • 15
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    Study of limnology of Abbaric river in Kerman Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25172 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 14:19:51 | 25172 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Abbarik River is an important river in Kerman. Study of limnology of Abbarik River for aquatics & culture was started from Mehr 1381 to Day 1382. Base of this study was physical- chemical and Biological factors. In this research 3 stations was appointed. PH- oxygen- salinity- Ca- Mg- Na- K- Cl and was majored and bentetic- fish was recognized. This study was achievement in 4 season and twice in month. Bentosis recognize was Ephemeroptera- Diptera- Anisoptera- Cleoptera Trichoptera Fishes recognize was Capoeta damascina- Nemachilus sargadensis- Cyprinion watsoni.
    Keywords: Limnology ; Iran ; Kerman Province ; Abbarik River ; Limnology ; Bentosis fish ; Aquatic ; Culture ; PH ; Salinity ; Oxygen ; Ephemeroptera ; Diptera ; Anisoptera ; Cleoptera Trichoptera ; Capoeta damascina ; Nemachilus sargadensis ; Cyprinion watsoni
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  • 16
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    Study on effects of Beta-glucan & extraction of Sargassum & Padina algae in prevention and treatment of WSD in Fenneropenaeus indicus (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25179 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:23:17 | 25179 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study two species of algae, Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergeseni that found plenteously in Persian Gulf and Bushehr coast, were collected and hot water extracts of them were lyophilized. F. indicus (11.32±1.20 g), after two weeks adaptation in Shoghab research station were immersed in seawater (39 ppt and 25±1 ○C) containing hot-water extract of each brown algae, S.glaucescens and P.boergeseni, at 100, 300 and 500 mg/l concentration, Survival rate and immunological parameters (total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP), Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity) were examined. In addition effect of dietary administration of beta 1, 3 1, 6 glucan on prevention of White Spot Disease and immunological parameters of shrimp were investigated. According to results, immersion in seawater containing 300 and 500 mg/l concentration of algal hot-water extract after 2 and 3 hours or oral administration of beta 1,3 1,6 glucan at level of 10 g/kg diet for 14 days significantly enhanced THC, TPP, Phagocytic activity, bacterial clearance efficiency and bactericidal activity. Immersion in seawater containing 100, 300 and 500 mg/l hot-water extract of S.glaucescens after 3 hours, improved the survival rate of WSSV-infected F. indicus.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Bushehr Province ; Beta-glucan ; Sargassum ; Padina algae ; WSD ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Species ; Algae ; Brown Algae ; S.glaucescens ; P.boergeseni ; Survival rate ; White Spot Disease ; Shrimp
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    Preliminary cultivation of silver bream (Sparidentexhasta) in earthen pond using available artificial fish feed in Chowibdeh site-Abadan southern Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25183 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:12:18 | 25183 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Possibility of rearing silver bream (Sparidentex hasta) in the earthen pond was experimented using 2 types of available artificial trout feed (FFT and GFT1). The experiment was carried out in 2 phases in Shahid-Kiani Extension Shrimp Farm in Chowibdeh Shrimp Site-Abadan Southern Iran, and earthen ponds with 0.25 ha. Area were used for both phases of the study. Juvenile fish of 3.2 g initial weight with the density of 9324 ind./ha. Were stocked for 196 days in the first phase. The initial weight, stocking density and rearing period of the fish in the second phase were 108.60 g, 9800 ind./ha. And 237 days respectively. Maximum amount of WG, FCR, PER and SVR of the fish in the first phase of the study were 100.12 g, more than 6, 0.38 and 55.32% respectively. WG and SR of the fish in the second phase respectively were 417 g and 20.74%. The Salinity of pond water was in the range between 9 and 22 ppt, and the water temperature was between 8.3 ֯C (mid December morning) and 34.8 ֯C (early Sep.....
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Abadan ; Chowibdeh ; Cultuation ; Silver Bream ; Sparidentexhasta ; Earthen Pond ; Artificial feed ; Rearing ; Shrimp ; Juvenile ; Weight ; Density ; Temperature
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  • 18
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    Biological survey on small pelagic fishes (sardine & anchovy) stocks in coastal waters of Hormuzgan province (Qeshm Island & Bandar Lengeh) with emphasis on sea surface temperature, plankton distribution and chlorophyll-a (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25198 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:25:43 | 25198 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Investigation on small pelagic fishes in the north of the Persian Gulf (Qeshm Island and Bandar Lengeh) coastal waters during October 2006 to September 2008, illustrated that 6 sardine and 2 anchovy species were locally existed. Sind sardinella (Sardinella sindensis) and Buccaneer anchovy (Encrasicholina punctifer) were dominated in this area. The peak of sexual maturity for Sind sardinella and Buccaneer anchovy occurred in spring and summer respectively. Reproduction period for Sind sardinella was from the middle of winter to late spring, and Buccaneer anchovy encompassed reproduction capacity all the year. The female: male ratio was calculated 1:0.7 and 1:0.9 for Sind sardinella, 1:1.27 and 1:1 for Buccaneer anchovy in Qeshm Island and Bandar lengeh sequentially. The mean of absolute fecundity were estimated 16234 and 16168 for Sind sardinella, 1277 and 1141 for Buccaneer anchovy in Qeshm Island and Bandar Lengeh respectively. L_M50 and L_C50 were calculated and the results showed both species mainly caught before length of maturity, and the mass populations have not sufficient opportunity to reproduction. Both species were planktonivore, theirs food prefect mainly consisted of copepods, naplius and bivalves. Vacuity index indicated both spices were semi-voracious appetite fishes. Based on calculated length-weight relationships in S. sindensis and E. punctifer, they have isometric growth. Growth parameters were estimated, the results illustrated that they were growth fast and short live species, which suggested S. sardinella and E. punctifer have 3 and 2 years maximum life span respectively. The recruitment pattern indicated double recruitment peaks per year in both species. Annually, four cohorts were distinguished in Sind sardinella and 3 cohorts in Buccaneer anchovy. Total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were estimated in both species, and the values of exploitation ratio (0.78 & 0.74) in Sind sardinella and (0.72 & 0.41) in Buccaneer anchovy were reasonable for current fishing effort due their short life span. Analysis of the results showed that CPUE in sardine and anchovy affected by reproduction and feeding processes. Results showed significant correlation between sardine CPUE and Sardine GaSI (P〈0.05, r= 0.499), similarly between anchovy CPUE and anchovy GSI (P〈0.05, r=-0.635). Further, significant correlation between sea surface temperature with sardine CPUE (P〈0.05, r=0.493), phytoplankton distribution (P〈0.01, r=0.560), anchovy GSI (P〈0.05, r=0.526), anchovy GaSI (P〈0.05, r=-0.500) and chlorophyll a (P〈0.01, r=0.780). Phytoplankton distribution with sardine GSI (P〈0.05, r=0.453), zooplankton distribution with anchovy GSI (P〈0.05, r=0.671), and chlorophyll with sardine GSI (P〈0.01, r=0.761) have significant correlation.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Qeshm Island ; Bandar Lengeh ; Sardinella sindensis ; Encrasicholina punctifer ; Reproduction ; Feeding ; Growth and mortality ; Catch per unit effort ; Sea surface temperature ; Chlorophyll a ; Sexual maturity ; Plankton ; Naplius ; CPUE ; GSI ; Sardine ; Anchovy ; Coastal waters ; Surface ; Temperature ; Distribution
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  • 19
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    Study on physico-chemical characteristics of water in the southern of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25563 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 16:51:28 | 25563 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study, the characteristics of physico-chemical parameters of water done in coastal part of the southern Caspian Sea during 2010-2011 (four seasons) in 8 transects (Astara, Anzali, Sefidrour, Tonkabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Torkman). For measurement of water quality parameters, 480 samples were collected in different water layers by using of APHA standards methods. According to modeling and statistical methods was used multivariate for evaluation of factor analysis (MFA) in general groups and discriminant analysis (MDA) for spatial and temporal with water quality parameters. The statistical procedure of MFA was used for data reduction and finally six factors selected with about 80.48 percent of total variances related to them. The statistical procedures of MDA were used for the role of spatial and temporal of water quality parameters in different water layer. The function one gave eight parameters (pH, salinity, EC, DO, NO^3-, water temperature, NH^4+ and N^-total) affording more than 80, 67, 80, 77 and 71 % correct assignations (return to the same transects) in spatial analysis. In all transects during four seasons, function one gave five parameters (water temperature, salinity, EC, NO^2- and NH^4+) to afford 100, 100, 100, 97 and 97 % correct assignations in temporal analysis. The results showed that, the average amounts in light penetration layers during four seasons were for EC(15.04±0.18ms/cm), pH(8.38±0.01unit), salinity (10.31±0.16g/l), DO(5.67±0.09ml/l) and water temperature (18.28 ±0.72°C). The average amount of nutrients for parameters such as organic and inorganic phosphorus, total phosphorus, NO^2-, NO^3-, NH^4+, N^-Total and SiO_2 were 0.50±0.02, 0.32±0.01, 0.82±0.02, 1.76±0.10, 0.10±0.01, 1.51±0.10, 46.82±1.80 and 8.60±0.29µM, respectively. The average amounts in dark layers during four seasons were for EC (15.46±0.38ms/cm), pH (8.34±0.03unit), salinity (10.70±0.35g/l), DO (4.55±0.13ml/l) and water temperature (9.62 ±0.16°C). The average amount of nutrients for parameters such as organic and inorganic phosphorus, total phosphorus, NO^2-, NO^3-, NH^4+, N^-Total and SiO_2 were 0.54 ±0.05, 0.33 ±0.02, 0.87±0.06, 1.92±0.21 , 0.08± 0.01, 1.55±0.25, 45.10±3.25 and 10.05±0.62 µM, respectively. The average amounts of light penetration in all transects during four seasons 4.49±0.38 meters. The maximum light penetrations during spring, summer, fall and winter seasons were 9, 8, 8.20 and 7 meters, respectively. The maximum water temperatures in light and dark layers were 32.36 and 11.50°C. Also, the maximum differences about thermocline temperature during summer and fall seasons were 19.6°C and 10°C, respectively in southern part of Caspian Sea. Data in spatial analysis were not significant (p〉0.05), it means if add or removed any transect did not change occurred. But in temporal analysis were significant (p〈0.01), and it means no way remove any seasons for a research work on Caspian Sea in southern part. In those transects with 100m depth. Water temperature is only highly effective parameter between other parameters. In function 1 between 3 functions in transects with 100m depth water temperature with 60% variance was the main role and effective between different seasons in depth part were very high.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Astara ; Anzali ; Sefidrour ; Tonkabon ; Noshahr ; Babolsar ; Physico-chemical parameters ; Nutrient maters ; Sea water ; APHA ; pH ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Nutrients
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  • 20
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    Adaptation and use of amphipoda in fish culture ponds in order to increase fish production (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25201 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:03:37 | 25201 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Use and enrichment of live food resource in fish farms have been interested and highly demanded. Crustacean are one of the important groups. The Pontogammarus maeoticus dominated in southern Caspian Sea shore with a high abundance. This study was designed in order to adaptation and usage of amphipoda in fish culture ponds. The first part have been surveyed the laboratory experiments including of; to increasing and developing of P.maeoticus in 200 litter container, the effects of salinity on growth and survival of amphipods in many aquariums, the culture of common carp with amphipods and growth determination of them. Chemical composition analysis of P.maeoticus and carps fed by amphipods in compare to cultured carps from ordinary ponds. Due to concern about common healthy the heavy metal concentration has been measured in P. maeoticus, carp which were fed by amphipods and the cultured carps in earth ponds. In second phase; the adaptation of two amphipods species, P. maeoticus and Obesogammarus acuminatus was studied in fish ponds where some cages with sandy soft substrate had been provided for amphipoda replacement. Also a small surface of ponds surrounded by net and covered by Azola plant, a habitat suitable for to putting of O. acuminatus. Production of amphipoda had not the successfully results in large tanks. Aquariums with Caspian Sea water had the prosper results where the specimens were breeding and developing properly, even though in some aquarium with freshwater increased the amphipods number. The chemical composition had not significant difference between two kind of cultured carps while the organic component in amphipoda had a high quality. The better quality of cultured carp by amphipod diet have been confirmed by organoleptic test. The results of heavy metal measurement in amphipoda showed a high concentration which some of them were transmitted to cultured carps. Result of amphipoda replacement in cage was not satisfy and the specimens were died after some days. According to hydro-chemical parameters the oxygen poorness and high trophy levels were the affective factor to abolish of specimens in cages. It seems that there are many type of P.maeoticus that can be adapted in different salinities. The molecular differentiation should be investigated to choose the suitable type of this spices for utilization in freshwater fish ponds. In other hand it can be used in fish culture ponds that will be supplied by brackish water.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Adaptation ; Amphipoda ; Fish ; Culture ; Ponds ; Enrichment ; Pontogammarus maeoticus ; Amphipoda ; Survey ; P.maeoticus ; Common carp ; O. acuminatus ; Oxygen ; Specimens ; Brackish water
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  • 21
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    Study of the aquaculture of Pacific white legged prawn and comparison of its economical efficiency with Indian white prawn (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25207 | 18721 | 2018-09-05 16:22:47 | 25207 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Increasing of biodiversity and reduction of production costs and alo increasing of shrimp production are the main elements of production security and continuation of aquaculture of shrimp in the country. The hypothesis of this study is made on the basis of aquaculture of pacific white legged prawn, litopenaeus vannamei, and that is economically better than Indian white prawn in Bushehr area. This study was carried out with the objectives of determination of bionormatives of pacific white legget prawn and yield estimation per square meter and has been compared with Indian white prawn. During 1384-85. In this study, the field operations were carried out after primary preparation and water enrichment with the juvenile prawn (pL 15) with 20 prawn per squar meter in the 3 ponds. During the study the phisico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, ocsysion, pH,two times per day , in the morning and evening and salinity , transpiration and depth water , only one time in a day were measured .The health of prawns and also sampling for the calculation of body weight were carried out in every 10 days . Feeding in the first month was randomly and after that was being continued based on the mean of the body weight. The results of this study have showed that the growth of this species is very fast so that during 90 days with the capacity of 20 prawns per squar , meter, it can be reached to 19.59 gr body weight with the growth rate of 0.217 gr . The mean of total production was 2737.5 kg per hectar with FCR=1. During this study the salinity from 33 ppt to 54 ppt, water temperature from 24.3°c to 35.2°c, occsysion from 2.4 to 11.89 mg/l , pH from 7.83 to 9.01 , transparency from 35 cm to 90 cm and water depth from 100cm to 145 cm were measured and recorded . In the second year, the comparison of growth rate of white legged prawn and Indian white prawn was carried out in the four ponds. The results of this study showed that during 110 days. White legged prawns was reached to average of body weight 14.66 gr and Indian white shrimp, reached to 10.75 gr. The economical assessment showed that white legged prawn has an economical advantage around 2.59 times during 110 days with the capacity of 35 prawns per hectar.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bushehr ; Western white legged shrimp ; Indian white shrimp ; Culture ; Bionormative ; Commercial production ; Aquaculture
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  • 22
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    Using biotechnology and chemical approach extraction of chitin and conversion to chitosan from the cyst shells of Artemia urmiana (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25618 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:34:53 | 25618 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Chitin and chitosan are 2 very important products of biopolymer that enjoy high consumption in industry, but their production sources are very limited. In this study, Artemia urmiana cyst shells were obtained from previously collected and stored ones in Iranian Artemia Research Center. 20 kg of Artemia urmiana cyst shells were sampled, cleaned, separated, dried and transferred to Iranian Artemia Research Center Laboratory to extract their Chitin and chitosan. Their chitin and chitosan initially were extracted using optimized common chemical methods. Their properties were compared to 2 other types of Chitin and chitosan obtained from crab and shrimp manufactured by Vietnam and China, respectively. To determine their quality, elemental analysis device, infrared spectrophotometry, x –ray radiography, determination of viscosity , molecular weight, crystallinity percent, color, de stylization measure, empirical and molecular formulas were made. The results showed that the percentage of chitin obtained from Artemia cyst Shells in Chemical method was 28 ± 3 % by weight and efficiency into chitosan (grade steel relief) in this method was 50± 5%. To optimize the extraction procedure and the removal of proteins of chitin by biological practices that were done by sodium hydroxide in the chemical method, it was replaced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. And in the bio- phase of chitosan de steelation fungus Aspergillus niger enzyme was replaced instead of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures. The results showed that chitin and chitosan can be extracted from Artemia cyst shell using biological method and their characteristics included as in chitin 49.6% C, 8.2 % N, 7.5 % H, and 34.5 %O. Also the same levels for chitosan were 44.4 %, 8.9, 7.2 and 39.5 %, respectively. Their other quality characteristics were included chitin average molecular weight 4.9×10^6 Dalton, crystallinity percentage of 36.4, viscosity at 20°C 31 centipoise and its color was gray to brown. In the biologic method, the average molecular weight of chitosan, crystallinity percentage, viscosity at 20°C, were 5.1×105 Dalton, 94.5, and 18 centipoises, respectively. Also, its color was pale brown. Chemical structure of extracted chitin and chitosan from the shell of Artemia urmiana cysts were C_7H_12NO_4 and C_6H_11 NO_4c, respectively. The comparison of chitin and chitosan obtained from each chemical and biological method revealed that replacing biological methods instead of chemical methods is possible in achieving these products at suitable condition and better quality. This can eliminate the use of chemicals damaging the environment such as sodium hydroxide and decrease environmental pollution.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Artemia urmiana cyst shell ; Chitin ; Chitosan ; Chemical ; Biological methods ; Crab shell ; Shrimp shell ; Biotechnology
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    Identification of qanats in Rafsanjan, Sirjan and Ravar cities for fish culture (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25229 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 06:14:35 | 25229 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Study and recognition of the Quanat water of Rafsanjan, Sirjan and Ravar cities has been beginning since the November of 2004. Among 228 Quanat chains were studied in these cities, 165 quanat chains had a discharge more than 10 liter per second (L/Se) which were sampled. In this research oxygen, pH, discharge, water temperature and air temperature were measured in two times and in the local place. Height from the sea level, longitude and latitude were measured (by GPS Machine) in one time and in the local place and other physical and chemical factors including No_2, No_3, Co_2, total hardness, NH_3 and So_4 were measured one time in the laboratory. In this manner, the condition of connection ways of considered Quanat with city was studied. With examination on the Quanat water in above said cities, all of Quant was within desired extents for aquaculture activities. Moreover in some of them, water temperature was higher than 20 degree centigrade that with some changes and in specific months can be used in aquaculture.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Rafsanjan ; Sirjan ; Ravar ; Fish ; Aquaculture ; Quant ; Water ; Oxygen ; pH ; Temperature ; No2 ; No3 ; Co2 ; NH3
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    Investigation on production frozen minced fish meat and frozen fish ball from Abramis brama (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25239 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 06:54:42 | 25239 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: To study the preparation of frozen minced meat from abramis brama orientalis commonly known as sim from Arras lake and from silver carp cultured in the Azerbaijan province, and later this minced meat converted to fish ball and fish burger, in this process microbial, chemical and organoleptic tests was done on samples for frozen minced meat on Sims fish the TVN was 10.1 in zero phase and 14.1 after three month and peroxide value from 0.9 t0 3.1 at the same duration. But he value was higher when converted to fish ball, TVN ranged from 14 to17.6 and per oxide from 1.1 to 4.7 after three month, the unit for TVN was mg/100gram and peroxide unit meq/1000 gram, the microbial tests was also resulted in an acceptable range, the meat of Sims fish had no significant difference with the silver carp comparatively only the color and the smell of the fish was little different, so we could conclude that we can use Sim fish meat for frozen minced meat product and this can increase the consumption of fish in the region in the future.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Azerbaijan province ; Aras lake ; Minced fish meat ; Frozen fish ball ; Abramis brama ; Silver Carp ; Culture ; Oreganoleptic test ; Samples
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  • 25
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    Genetic national plan study in order to shrimp breeding and developing of shrimp culture technology (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25256 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:21:26 | 25256 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Sampling was done using 90 post larvae which were produced by reproduction of some broodstock of Penaeus indicus in one day and reared in the same situation for 4 month. Samples were classified in 3 group high growth, medium and low (according to their weight and length). Genomic DNA was extracted from a 1cm^2 piece of muscle using the phenol-chloroform method. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done using 21 RAPD loci. And PCR products were separated on 3% Agarose gels. From 21 studied loci, 12 produced polymorphic bands. The most polymorphic band produced using OPAQ 9 and the least by OPAQ 7. According to Nei 1972, the highest distance (0.457) was between low growth group and medium and the lowest (0.091) between high growth group and medium, therefore the highest identity (0.912) was between high growth group and medium and the lowest (0.633) between low growth group and medium. Consensus neighbour-joining tree using Nei (1972 and 1978) resulted in two clades, the first including high and medium growth groups and the second low growth group, it appears that low growth group are depended on separated population of the two others. With considering of mean weight of F1(16.25±1.5), mean weight of 15 ±1.2 and mean weight of parent 31.6, response to selection (R) and heritability for growth in this species were estimated 1.2±0.2 and 0.07±0.01 respectively. In another part of this study Sequencing of specific bands and primer design were done and examining of them on the same age specimens is necessary in following.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Penaeus indicus ; High growth ; RAPD marker ; Genetic ; Shrimp ; Breeding ; Culture ; Sampling ; Broodstock ; Phenol-chloroform methods ; Population ; Species ; Specimens
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    Extraction‚ purification, identification and amount verification of steroids in Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergesni algae in Oman Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25642 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:40:17 | 25642 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Padina boergesenii is one of the most abundant brown algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of Padina boergesenii by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and by Methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above alga were identified as 22dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), ostreasterol (6) and two epimer of hyroxyestrol(7), based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Persian Gulf ; Brown Algae ; Padina boergesenii ; Steroids compounds ; Extraction ; Purification ; Identification ; Amount verification ; Sargassum glaucescens ; Algae ; Abundant ; Sampling ; Chromatography ; Cephadex ; Dehydrocholesterol ; Cholesterol ; Fucosterol ; β-sitosterol ; Stigmasterol ; Ostreasterol
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    Trout farms and other human activities effects on Cheshmehkileh river ecosystem in Tonekabon (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25792 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:54:26 | 25792 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Cheshmehkileh River and adjacent mountainous streams, play a strategic role as a historical axis for anthropogenic civilization, human welfare also habitat and migration pathway of commercial – biologic valuable fishes e.g. Caspian trout, Caspian kuttum, members of Cyprinidae family in south Caspian Sea drainage. Treats such as overfishing of Caspian trout and Red spotted trout stocks in mountainous headwaters, barriers construction and manipulations those are out of river carrying capacity developed by human activities, affected normal function of river as well. Sand mining big factories establishment next to the river, legal and illegal trade of river sediments, direct entry of Tonekabon landfill leakage into the river, development of Rainbow trout farms since 3 decades and huge effluents into the river containing dead fish and types of solids, escapement of cultured Rainbow trouts into the river, … are major minimum factors which needs basic information for integrating inclusively drainage management system. Cheshmehkileh River contains Headwaters of Dohezar (Daryasar & Nusha), Sehezar and Valamroud rivers during 13 monthly sampling phases between September 2009 and October 2010 based on macrozoobenthoses investigations by EPT, EPT/C EPA protocols, measurements of nominated physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters. Probability of Rainbow trouts escapement and invasion, existence, nutrition in Cheshmehkileh environment indeed investigated. Data analysis explained significant differences (P〈0.05) between groups of measured parameters in different sampling stations. Dendogram of clustered analysis based on consolidation of major biologic/ physic-chemical and microbiologic parameters, separated stations No. 1, 3, 2, 4 in one group and remained classified in different groups. Station 8 and 9 similarly separated which expressed general similarities according to Sehezar river environment which were differs in comparison with other stations. Station 11 separated according to its natural quality of water and environment. Similarities between station 10 to Sehezar river stations 8 and 9 expressed general influence of Sehezar River more than Dohezar River in Cheshmehkileh condition especially in station No. 10. High scores of EPT and EPT/C indices in upstream stations 1, 3 and 8 also low score of indices in stations 7, 13 and 6 expressed levels of environment quality between these groups of stations. Maximum average biomass of macroinvertebrates belongs to Trichoptera order in Cheshmehkileh River. Significant decrease of biomass in stations 11, 12 and 13 in comparison with other stations stated environment degradation in mentioned stations relevant to excessive sand mining as well. Pollution resistant groups of invertebrates significantly increased in downstreams against upstream stations. Also disappearing of Plecoptera order in station No. 7, 9, 10 and 13 stated low quality of environment in comparison with upstream stations. Confirmation of effects quality and quantity for point and non-point sources of imported pollutants require specific management considerations in order to present exploitations, pollutants control and emergencies for river monitoring in forthcoming years.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Management ; Iran ; Tonekabon ; Cheshmehkileh ; River ; Pollution ; Aquaculture ; EPTC ; Assessment ; Macroinvertebrates ; Chemistry ; Microbiology
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    Ecological study on the Persian Gulf Martyres Lake, Tehran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25818 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:23:49 | 25818 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The ecological study of the Persian Gulf Martyres Lake carried out at the 5 stations between 2013 and 2014. This study identified 35 phytoplankton taxa. The diatoms taxa was dominated and their abundance recorded highest (2000 000 cell. L^-1) in the lake. The annual phytoplankton abundance was measured as 2500 000 cell. L^-1 during the study. The total nitrogen and water temperature were the significant a biotic parameters to increase cyanophytes abundance. Furthermore, 37 zooplankton taxa were identified. The Rotatoria abundance was dominated zooplankton. The annual zooplankton abundance was measured as 72 ind.l-1. Based on the CCA, there was no correlation between Rotatoria abundance and a biotic parameters. The study benthos showed Ephemeroptera and Diptera abundance were dominated; artificial bottom and lack of sediment and organic matters were the main reasons in decreasing of the benthos density. The Chitgar lake is the poorest lake in Iran due to low density of plankton and benthos organisms. The estimation of fish production was 123 kg/ha and for the lake was determaind 16 tonne. The finding display, invasive species was the main fish Chitgar lake that would be negative effect and increase eutriphication trend in the lake. Phosphorus parameter was limited parameters and trophy level recorded low due to high N/P ration in the lake. In overall the Chitgar lake situation is in Oligotrophic category with the low trophy level.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Chitgar Lake ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Benthose ; Trophy ; Abundance ; Nitrogen ; Temperature
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    Eutrophication trend of southeast Caspian Sea water (Mazandaran-Goharbaran) based on environmental and biotic parameters using single and multiple variables in order to feasibility of marine cage culture (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25839 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:48:08 | 25839 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The aim of this project is to study water quality and the trophic status at different months and depths in the southeast Caspian Sea-Goharbaran based on environmental parameters and nutrients during 2013-2014 in order the feasibility of fish cage culture. Results showed that water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, total alkalinity and TSS were varied 9.00-29.00C, 0.50-12.00 m, 8.05-8.74, 5.76-12.85, 14-101, 21-195 and 0.00-0.12 mg/l at the different months and depths, respectively. In addition, the values of NH^4+, NH_3, NO^2-, NO^3- and PO^4-3 were 0.007-0.051, 0.001-0.010, 0.002-0.015, 0.043-0.477 and 0.014-0.077 mg/l, respectively. Chl-a concentration was recorded as 0.060-8.02 mg/l. Scaled and unscaled trophic indices were equal to 3.42-5.52 and 2.61-5.85, respectively. The proper temperature for cultivation of salmonids species in this area began from October to March. The range of the standard of pH and dissolved oxygen level for fish farming cage were 7.80-8.50 and 〉5 mg /l that in current study results of pH and dissolved oxygen which were consistent in the current study. Various forms of nitrogen (ammonium, nitrite and nitrate ) at the different layers were acceptable and less than the threshold limit of Australia and New Zealand. The results of the nutrients concentrations compared with data from the reference years (1996-1996 ) in the Caspian Sea (Goharbaran region) showed that this ecosystem passed from oligotrophic status and shifted to mezotrophic and eutrophic condition. As a conclusion, although nutrients concentrations were acceptable in terms of fish farming cages in this region, some parameters such as chemical oxygen demand and transparency are not suitable for aquaculture industry. Meanwhile, based on various trophic levels, this ecosystem (Gohrabaran region) has a mezotrophic status with a high risk of eutrophication.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Goharbaran ; Physico-chemical parameters ; Water ; Fish cage culture ; Temperature ; Transparency ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen
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    Study on feasibility of rearing integrated native fish of Shizotorax zarudnyi with chianies carp on Sistan area (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25254 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:13:59 | 25254 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Present study carried out in 6 earthen ponds (3500 m^2 each) at the Zahak fish propagation and cultivation center. In July 2005 ponds were prepared and stocked with 1100 fish specimens with 40 g average weight. Stocking normative in two ponds (1 and 4) were 220 common carp, 110 grass carp, 715 silver carp, and 55 big head specimens. In the next two ponds (5 and 6) common carp reduced to 50% and Shizotorax zarudnyi was replaced. In the rest two ponds (7 and 8) common carp reduced to zero and totally replaced with Shizotorax zarudnyi. Manure and inorganic fertilizer were used during cultivation period. Carp was fed by concentrated food and grass carp was fed by alfalfa. At the end of the cultivation period (16 months) mean weights of common carp, grass carp, silver carp, big head, and Shizotorax zarudnyi reached 1201 g, 1572 g, 313 g, 486 g, 531 g respectively. Mean daily growth were 2.41 g, 3.19 g, 0.56 g, 0.92 g, 1 g respectively. Survival rate during cultivation period were 97.57%, 68.3%, 94%, 85.45%, 46.85% respectively. Biological parameters were recorded once a month. Other chemical and physical parameters such as air and water temperatures, oxygen, pH, twice per day and factors such as nitrite, nitrate, Ammoniac, transparency, salinity and phosphate were measured and recorded once per week. During cultivation period average pH was 7-10.34, water temperature was 0.5-33 °C, transparency was 12-115cm, salinity was 1.1-5 mg/l, oxygen was 2-10 mg/l, nitrite was 0.86-0.16 mg/l, nitrate was 0.06- 2.21 mg/l, and phosphate was 0.1-1.8 mg/l. Average total yields in the ponds 1 and 4 with standard normative for the region were 554, and 623 kg. In the ponds 5 and 6 with 50% Shizotorax zarudnyi were 514 and 518 kg, and in the ponds 7 and 8 with total Shizotorax zarudnyi replacement were 533 and 386 kg.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Sistan region ; Fish culture ; Poly-culture ; Shizotorax zarudnyi ; Earthen ponds ; Specimen ; Common carp ; Grass carp ; Silver Carp ; Fertilizer ; Survival rate ; Transparency ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Nitrite ; Nitrate ; Ammoniac ; Tehran ; Iran
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    Study on inheritance of microsatellite markers in hybrid of chalcaburnus chalcoides and vimba vimba persa in southern part of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25260 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:24:11 | 25260 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to study the Inheritance of Microsatellite Markers in the hybrid of Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa in the Southern part of the Caspian Sea, hybridization between the species was carried out during spring (2009) in Shahid Ansari reproduction and culture workstation. 30 samples from the produced larva and also small piece of dorsal and pectoral fin of their parents were collected and stored in pure ethanol (96%) and transferred to the biotechnology of the Caspian Ecology Academy. DNA was extracted from fin samples of the parents, whilst the whole F1 progeny was used to isolate the DNA by Phenol-chloroform method. Quantity and quality of extracted DNA was determined using 1% Agarose electrophorus. DNA was used for PCR ampilification of 10 microsatellite loci. The amplifications were run on 6% Polyacrylamid electrophorus. The present study showed that 7 out of 10 markers were polymorphic and variated between the parents. Goodness of fit to the Mendelian inheritance ratio was determined by X2 analysis. 4 primers were segregrated according to Mendelian expectations at a significance level of P 0.05. Based on UPGMA dendrogram (Nei, 1978) two different clusters were obtained in which Chalcalburnus chalcoides and hybrid were in the same cluster but Vimba vimba persa was in the other. It seems that Vimba vimba persa is a joint ancestor for these two. High heterozygosity presence in parents and their F1 shows the high potential of genetic variety in Chalcalburnus chalcoides and Vimba vimba persa which from the aquaculture management and conservation view is important and considering the high genetic variety in their hybrid, the hybrid has the sufficient potential for race improvement.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Chalcalburnus chalcoides ; Vimba vimba persa ; Hybrid ; Microsatellite ; Hybridization ; Culture ; Samples ; Larvae ; DNA ; Inheritance ratio ; Heterozygosity
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    The effect of different dietary and bed treatments on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) for aquaculture (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25272 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 08:25:12 | 25272 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This experiment conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary and bed treatments on earthworm (Eisenia fetida) for aquaculture. Concurrent with initial proliferation of earthworms, a pilot experiment also performed. In pilot experiment that conducted to become familiar with specialty and requirements of Eisenia fetida earthworms, lasted 4 months. The pilot treatments were including: 1) cow manure with covering its surface (control group), 2) cow manure (C.M.) without covering its surface, 3) C.M.+ 5% wind sand, 4) C.M.+30% saw dust, 5) urban compost, 6) C.M.+20% alfalfa meal, 7) C.M.+ 20% wheat bran and 8) C.M.+20% rice bran. After initial proliferation of earthworms and performing a pilot experiment, two trials designed. The first trial performed in outdoor environment, inside the plots dugged in the earh, with six treatments. The treatments were including: 1) cow manure(control group), 2) cow manure (C.M.) with vertical ventilation, 3) C.M.+ 30% saw dust (S.D.), 4) C.M.+30% S.D. with vertical ventilation, 5) urban compost+20% C.M. and 6) urban compost+40% C.M. The experiment lasted 6 months. In the end of trial in every plot, from 4 points, sampling for number of mature and immature earthworms, cocoons and the weight of earthworms were measured. The second trial performed in greenhouse by using wooden boxes. In this trial the treatments were including: 1) C.M. as control group, 2) C.M.+30% S.D., 3) C.M.+30% S.D.+ 10% alfalfa meal, 4) C.M.+30% S.D.+10% wheat bran, 5) C.M.+30% S.D.+10% rice bran, 6) C.M.+30% S.D.+10% soil, 7) C.M.+30% S.D.+5% fine sand, 8) C.M.+ 30% S.D.+1% lime powder and 9) C.M.+30% S.D.+200 ppm ammonium nitrate. Every treatment performed in 3 replicates. The earthworms reared in controlled condition for moisture and temperature, for about 4 months. The pH of treatments measured monthly by paper pH meter and by method of solution extraction. In the end of trial the number of mature and immature worms, cocoons and the weight of earthworms in every box were measured and the average weight of every earthworm calculated. The results of pilot experiment showed that covering surface the bed is necessary for maintaining moisture and darkness for earthworms. In wind sand treatment, the bed had sticky and compacted statues and appeared that the earthworms moved and activated difficultly. The saw dust treatment had a wet- spongy environment and the earthworms distributed well in it and their size was larger than control. Urban compost treatment unlike its suitable pH (equal 8), hardly accepted by the earthworms and they stayed in the corner of bed for more than one month. The wheat bran and rice bran treatments, both had sticky texture at the beginning but by spending time, their beds improved. The results of first trial showed the Eisenia fetida earthworms can survive and growth in outdoor environment even in cold season of winter. In this trial the highest total number of eartworms and cocoons and the total weight of earthworms was belong to control group, that had significant difference with the treatments C.M. + 30% S.D., urban compost + 20% C.M. and urban compost + 40% C.M. (p〈0.05). The performing of ventilation in experimental treatments had not significant effect on the number of mature earthworms, total number of earthworms and their total weight compare to control group. The urban compost was not suitable for rearing Eisenia fetida, although addition of 20 and 40 % of cow manure could improve it for usage by the earthworms. The results of second trial showed that, addition of alfalfa powder, wheat bran, rice bran and lime powder to cow manure had not significant effect on the total number and total weight of earthworms compare to control group. The usage of soil in treatment C.M. + 30% S.D. + 10% soil caused significant decrease in number of mature earthworms compare to control group (p〈0.05). The treatments including addition of saw dust and saw dust + fine sand to cow manure increased the number of mature earthworms, cocoons and total weight of earthworms compare to control group significantly (p〈0.05) and treatment of ammonium nitrate caused significant increase in total weight of earthworms (p〈0.05) .
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Diet ; Treatment ; Earthworm ; Eisenia fetida ; Aquaculture ; Dietary ; Ammonium ; Nitrate ; Temperature ; pH ; Mature ; Immature ; Growth
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    Ecological study on rearing shrimp ponds (Litopenaeus vannemei) in Choebdeh Abadan (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25276 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:59:49 | 25276 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Following to introduce Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) into Iran aquaculture industries by fisheries organization its postlarvae were successfully reared in ponds in Bushehr and Choebdeh in Khuzestan. Due to activity of Shrimp site and importance of input and output water quality, this study was done in 11 stations including: two stations in Bahmanshir river, two station in C4 and C5 irrigation canals, six staions in active farms along C4 cannel (Yonesi, Mosavei and Salman Zadeh), and C5 cannel (Mohamadi, Khairi and Ashraf Por) and one staion in output draing were selected. Sampling were carried out from May2009 befor beginning stocking to harvest time in October 2009. Physico- chemical parameters and plankton sampled biweekly and benthic animals and heavy metals were sampled monthly. Some parameters such as pH and temperature by using portable multy parameters and others. Analyzed with standard methods. Heavy metals were measured by plarography method (797 Vamtro). Plankton and benthos samples were studied only in Bahmanshir station. According to results the maximum values for DO (11.1 ppm) PO4 (1.86 ppm) NO3 (8.4 ppm) and TSS (4992 ppm), pH (8.4) NO2 (0.18 ppm) BOD5 (9.06 ppm) were measured. In comparison to aquaculture water quality standards except for TSS in river stations others are located in allowable range. We didn’t observed any main changes in water quality from river to output drainage. The results of biotic parameters in river stations showed that diatoms were the most group of phytoplanktons. Zooplankton groups were Copepods, Rotifera and Protozoa. Tintinids and Nematoda larvae were the most abundant zooplankton. Benthic animals were included nine crustacean species and two annelid species. Isopods with 52% were the most and ant group.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Iran ; Khuzestan Province ; Abadan ; Choebdeh ; Bahmanshir River ; Vannamei shrimp ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Water quality ; Abadan aquaculture site ; Rearing ; Shrimp ; Ponds ; Sampling ; Plankton ; Heavy metals ; pH ; Temperature ; Benthos ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Copepods ; Nematoda larvae
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    The effects of slurry on larviculture of Rutilus frisii kutum and chienes carp yield and determination of efficient concentration for increasing of production (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25300 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:40:33 | 25300 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Rutilus frisii kutum is one of the important fish of Caspian Sea which has significant economical role in the region .The objective of this project is a comparative study on traditional culture of fishes versus slurry. This survey were conducted on nine pound of 1.7 hec triplicate with their treatment with stocking densities of 1.7 million fish larva at Dr yousefpoor center (Affiliated of Shahid Beheshti culture and propagation) at Siakal village , 32 km far from Rasht city in North of Iran, the first treatment considered as control which practice traditionally (using concentrated food plus grinded kilka fish) .In the second treatment for 13 days the pound supplied only by slurry then followed by concentrated fish food only .The tired treatment started with slurry for 13 days and followed by slurry plus concentrated food. The physical and chemical parameters of water, plankton, biometry of fish, growth indices such as daily weight growth (DWG), daily length growth (DLG) as well as specific ratio (SGR) were monitored weekly. The result indicate that net fish production was 1.7 to 2 times higher in slurry than traditional treatment also the survival rate were 1.7 times higher in slurry treatment . The treatment of slurry follow by addition of concentrated food plus slurry showed higher yield camper to others. Slurry with several active substances is more effective and can promote the growth of zooplanktons which is the food of larval stage of rutilus frisi kutum. In second phase of this project the effect of slurry was surveyed on Chinese carp. This experiment was conducted in triplicate with two treatment (one treatment is control which use cow manure plus chemical fertilizer and second treatment was conducted with slurry) and stocked with 2375 N/hec (Silver carp 60%, Big head 15%, common carp 17% and grass carp 8%) at June. In this survey common carp and grass carp were feed with concentrate food and fresh grasses respectively. Chemical factors were measured once for each two week and density of plankton was determined when it was necessarily. Nutritional content of phosphorous, nitrogen, calcium, potassium and magnesium after anaerobic fermentation as well as protein and lipid content with 1.4and 1.9 times respectively were higher in slurry treatment than control. The results showed that survival rate and yield were higher in slurry than control. The increasing percent of yield were 13.5, 2.6, 18.4 and 85.3 in Silver carp, Big head, common carp and grass carp respectively. The survival rate of grass carp was twice higher in slurry treatment than control. Zooplankton abundant in slurry pounds was more but blue- green algae density was less than control. Protein and lipid analysis reviled no significant difference between control and slurry. In general the result indicate that the slurry with higher nutritional content is more effective on the survival and growth rate of fishes and also is more efficient in proliferation of plankton in particular zooplankton.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Slurry ; Rutilus frisii kutum ; Cow fertilize ; Larviculture ; Carp ; Culture ; Plankton ; SGR ; Zooplanktons ; Silver Carp ; Big head carp ; Common carp ; Grass carp ; Phosphorous ; Nitrogen ; Survival rate ; Protein ; Lipid
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    Heritability and selection response estimation of growth rate in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25304 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:49:09 | 25304 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Common carp is the most important culture fish in the word, that can be consider as domestic fish. The Common carp of Caspian Sea is one of the economic fish, that have some morphenological differences, resistance in salt water and better quality in meet with domestic once and for using this fish in culture system, it is necessary to establish genetically parameters especially the heritability for selection purpose. The present study have been started from 2007 and lasted 3 years. The breeders were collected from the Gomishan station in south-east of Caspian Sea by fisherman and stocked in S.Rajaei fish restocking center and propagate based on the routine propagation technique in this farm. For heritability estimation a factorial crosses by 7×7 fish were done. Therefore, the fingerlings of 49 crosses were achieved, that kept first separately fiberglass tank and then in pond separately. Weight and length of fish were choice for heritability estimation. The average weight of juvenile common carp in 3 sampling stage of 90, 180 and 360 days, were 5.9, 35.7 and 84.7 gram and length of 9.6, 14.7 and 19.2 cm respectively. The heritability estimation for weight was 0.26 and length 0.25. Selection response based on selection difference by collection the more average breeders among their progeny were 36.4 g that means by selection every generation, there is about 4 percent improving in fish weight.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Gomishan ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Heritability ; Selection Response ; Culture ; Weight ; Length ; Fish ; Sampling ; Generation
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    The study of annual cycle of gonads developments and sex steroids of gray mullet, Mugil cephalus in Golestan Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25319 | 18721 | 2018-09-11 09:09:09 | 25319 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Grey mullet, Mugil cephalus is one of the most famous and valuable fish on the fisheries and aquaculture industry. This species is the most suitable to introducing the southern, northern and central regions of our country due to high resistant to large variation of water salinity and temperature. On the monthly sampling period biometric data including total length and total weight recorded and length and weight classes for every sex were determined. To understanding of physiological functions and sexual development of reproductive organs, this investigation carried out with Grey mullet imported from Hong Kong by 1993. Findings of this research can be used for management of artificial breeding of this species. Daily variation of pond water temperature was recorded. Sex steroid hormones and other plasma metabolites such as Ca^2+, cholesterol, triglycerides and total proteins were measured by blood sampling. Gonad samples were prepared in order to histological studies. Oocyte growth was studied by measurement of egg diameters. Measured values of cholesterol, triglycerides of blood plasma revealed that these metabolites have seasonal variation and severely deposited on the summer and mobilized on the spawning seasons. Findings of this research suggested that egg diameters, values of sex steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone) and Calcium concentrations of fish blood plasma shortening increased a long with day length shortening.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Golestan province ; Mugil cephalus ; Sex steroid hormones ; Plasma metabolites ; Gonads ; Gray mullet ; Mugil cephalus ; Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Species ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Sampling ; Estradiol ; Progesterone ; Calcium
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    Survey of diversity, distribution, abundance and biomass of macrobenthic fauna in the southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25329 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:35:03 | 25329 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This project were investigated seasonally from march 2008 up to one year, in southern Caspian Sea iranian coast /Sampling was carried out at 8 stations of between 5 and 100 m depth and taken in triple with a 0/1m² van Veen grab/Total twenty four species and one family and one order were identified, presenting low dominance and frequency/ polychaeties 56%,oligochaetes 39% bivalves 〈1% amphipodes1% Cumacea and diptera and cirrepedia %1 of whole macrobenthos compositions/ Polychaetes and oligochaeta dominated, representing 95% of the whole fauna/Average of species were 11/8 species per grab/max 21 species / grab were found in Tonkabon stations at 100 meter depths and minmum 4 species/grab in 20 m in Bandar anzali /Maxmiun density were 4783 n/m^2 in spring and minmum 3177 n/m^2 in winter/Highest density were recorded in Amirabad stations and lowest in nooshar/ Maximum density showed in east, mimun in middle area of sea The biomass of benthos adventages in west/Average biomass of whole area were 6/932 gr/m^2/Mean total organic matter were 3/11±1/1 and silt- clay 62/92±6/12precent and Mean dissolve oxygen and salinity were 8/3±0/15 mg/l and salinity 12/2 ±0/4 ppm and water tempreture were 14/9±0/18ْC/ Mean grain size, fine sand, very fine sand, silt and clay contents were among the main factors related to the patterns of macrofaunal distribution, density and diversity and dominance of trophic groups.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Tonkabon ; Bandar Anzali ; Macrobenthos ; Disturbiotion ; Diversity ; Productions ; Survey ; Diversity ; Abundance ; Biomass ; Macrobenthic Fauna ; Sampling ; Species ; Polychaeties ; Oligochaetes ; Bivalves ; Dissolved oxygen ; Salinity ; Temperature
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    Hydrology, hydrobiology and environmental pollution study of the southern of Caspian Sea basin (10-100 meter depth) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25335 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:35:23 | 25335 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to study of Hydrology, Hydrobiology and Environmental pollution in the southern of the Caspian Sea. 33 stations were selected from Astara (in the west) to Hassan gholi (in the east). In each station, sampling carried out at suface, 10, 20, 50 and 100m depths. Sampling was performed during four seasons in 2004. Sampling stations also divided into three regions, including west (from Astara to Ramsar), middle (from Ramsar to Sari) and east (from Amirabad to Hassengholi). The results showed that maximum of water temperature was 24 ?C at summer in the eastern region while the minimum of water temperature in winter season has been 9.7 ?c in the western region. The average of dissolved oxygen concontration in spring, summer, autumn and winter season were 6.9 , 6.6, 8.2 and 6.7 mg/l , respectively. The maximum value of salinity was observed in spring (13.55 ppt) and minmum value in winter (8.24 ppt). The average of total nitrogen concentration were season was 711, 884, 583 and 669 µg/l in spring, summer, autumn and winter repectively. The average of total phosphorus concentration was 27.9, 37.1 and 42.6 µg/l in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The average of dissolved silica concentration has varied from 167 to 923.6 µg/l. The five phyla of phytoplankton have identified. The most species diversity was observed in winter (70 species) but the low species diversity has obtained in autumn. The most phytoplankton population was in spring and summer seasons. The cell abundance of phytoplankton in different seasons was fluctuated from 3914*103 to 17337*103 ind/m^3. In addition, the phytoplankton biomas was varied 11.4 to 30.7 mg/l. Result showed that distribution of phytoplankton are varied at different areas, layer, seasons and stations. The average of cell abundance of zooplanktons was varied from 2023 to 12364 and/m^3 at different seasons. The mean of bioman varied from 9.40 to 43.48 mg/l. In this study, 17 species and one class of macrobenthos were identified. The frequency of Annelida and Biovalvia was higher than all macrobenthos. The average of macrobenthos was 1218±851 ind/m^2 and their biomass was 14±15 g/l. The average of PAHs concentration were 0.038, 0.028 and 0.21 mg/l in spring , summer and winter, respectively. The decending trend of heavy metal concentration were Fe〉Mn〉Zn〉Cr〉Pb〉Co〉Cd〉Cu at different seasons in 2004. The maximum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) components in three regions of sampling zone such as , -BHC (middle), β,-BHC (middle), DDT (east) and dieldrin (east part) were 88.3, 35.0, 74.3 & 79.1 g/l during spring, summer, fall and winter, respectively.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Astara ; Physo-chemical parameters ; Plankton ; Benthos ; Enviromental Pollutions ; Hydrology ; Hydrobiology ; Sampling ; Temperature ; Dissolved oxygen ; Dissolved silica ; Species ; Phytoplankton ; Biomass
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    Evaluation of restocking program in north Alborz (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25353 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:27:04 | 25353 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Gillan , Mazandaran and Gorgan provinces have temperate climate, thus they have more potential for aquatic animal culture. There are thousands hectare of lands for Aquaculture and fisheries in adjacent to Caspian Sea in this provinces. These areas (North alborz) have provided a favorable back ground for aquatic animal breeding and stock enhancement of species in the sea. As a result, this investigation executed during two stages (phases). At first stage, the goal of this project included the feasibility study and demonstrating the existing situation of fish stock enhancement activities in North Alborz area and second phase is to survey on distribution, and production activities of stock enhancing hatcheries as well as their constructions, and production time table. Survey was started from 2006 to 2008 by using qestionaries in 7 hatcheries from tree provinces. Results reviled that there are more than 10 species was subjected to restocking .Total releasing was about 300 millions of fry and finger lings in to the Caspian sea.
    Keywords: Management ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Guilan Province ; Mazandaran Province ; Gorgan ; North Alborz ; Stock Enhancement ; Broodstock ; Production ; Yield ; Artificial propagation ; Bony fishes ; Sturgeon fishes ; Restocking ; Aquatic ; Culture ; Aquaculure ; Fisheries ; Breeding ; Survey ; Hatcheries ; Fry ; Fingerlings
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    The study of possible biotechniques and normative to production some species of Anostraca (Phallocryptus spinosa) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25363 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:46:07 | 25363 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This project was carried out in order to determine the hatching conditions and laboratory culture methods of Fairy Shrimps (Phallocryptus spinosa). Physico- chemical factors and phytoplankton of natural habitat of this organism was investigated in Khasellou region around Azarshahr – East Azarbaijan province. The results showed that occurance and growth of fairy shrimps in their habitates were beginning from early Aprill and their survival was decreased with increasing temperature, precipitation and increasing the salinity of their culture medium. Then they disappeared. Their habitat phytoplankton contained 3 phylla and 10 genera, from which green algae enjoyed the greatest density in May. The pool salinity was around 20-17 g/l, when metanauplii was observed in early spring. In the pool containing and without fairy shrimps the oxygen concentration was high (9 mg/l) and low (2.9 mg/l), respectively. In 9 prawn ornamental fish genera, feeding with fairy shrimp showed a significant higher fecundity and hatching percentage compared to manual diets (cow liver, spinach). In all groups fed with fairy shrimp the duration of spawning time were reduced from 15 to 8-10 days and the color was enhanced. The means of cyst number per captured female also, cyst, decapsulated cyst and Naupilli diameters were mesured 142.9±19.0 cysts, 273.2±4.9µ, 242.4±3.8µ and 542.6±27.0 µ, respectively. The hatching rate was increased by reducing temperature and salinity of their culture mediums from 25 to 15 ◦C , and 28 to 18 g/l, respectively. The highest hatching was observed on 5th day at 15 ◦C and 18 g/l (5, 33 %). In addition, low but multiple hatching was observed. Therefore, water temperature and salinity affected hatching rate in this species. The hatching success of Phallocryptus spinosa cysts was better when collecting cysts together with dry sediments of their habitat without separation sensitive cysts. In addition to cold keeping and freezing, the hydration – dehydration method caused more diapause deactivation for hatching induction. The laboratory results revealed that the survival of fairy shrimps were highest at 15 ◦C (42%) and lowest at 25◦C (26%), respectively. Also, their life was inhibited in 30◦C. In different salinities, the mean survival rate were 26% (Salinity= 15 g/l) and 20% (Salinity= 25 g/l), respectively. The mean survival percentage of Phallocryptus spinosa cultured in natural habitat water (64.3%) was higher than aerated tap water (23, 3 %). Also, feeding with Nanochlorepsis caused higher survival rates. On the other hand, Beakers yeast caused higher mortality rates. Therefore, regarding to relatively high sensitivity of these species to physico– chemical and nutritional conditions of their culture medium, it is better to culture these species with expansion of their natural habitat in order to preserve their biodiversity, culture and increase stocking density with regard to environmental considerations .
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; East Azarbaijan province ; Fairy Shrimps ; Phallocryptus spinosa ; Hatching ; Culture ; Biotechnique ; Species ; Anostraca ; Phytoplankton ; Growth ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Phylla ; Feeding ; Survival rate ; Mortality ; Biodiversity
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    Ecological study on fisheries important rivers and bays in the south part of the Caspian Sea 2nd phase: Gorgan Bay (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25385 | 18721 | 2018-09-18 05:58:09 | 25385 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study ichthyoplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic and hydrochemistry parameters were studied. 9 out of 11 sampling stations were in the Gorgan Bay area and 2 of them were in the mouth of the Bay. Ichthyoplankton survey were carried out in 6 stations and the other surveys such as phytoplankton, etc were done in 11 stations in 2009. Gorgan Bay map and position of sampling sites are given at the end of material and methods section. Biomass and frequency of phytoplankton at different stations, months and seasons were calculated that are presented in Tables 1 to 3. Hydro-chemical parameters such as water temperature, air temperature, visibility, DO, BOD5, pH, Alkalinity (bicarbonate, carbonate and total), Hardness (calcium, magnesium), CL,EC, Salinity, N (nitrate, nitrite, NH_3), Phosphate were measured and results are shown Table 11. Biomass (mgr/m^3) and numbers (ind./m^3) of 47 genus of different phylum of phytoplanktons such as Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrophyta, Chrysophyta and Euglenaphyta as well as different phylum of zooplanktons consist of Protozoa, Arthropoda, Rotifera and Cyliophora were estimated. Frequency of phytoplanktons (ind/m^3) was 131.2, 1.6, 65.3, 18.9 and 23.8 million respectively. Furthermore, their biomass was 308.4, 1.9, 1358.9, 295.1 and 124.7 mg/m^3, respectively. The maximum and minimum numbers were observed in Leptolingbaya belonged to Cyanophyta and Diatoms of Chrysophyta 84.3 and 0.025 million (ind/ m^3) respectively. The maximum and minimum biomass was observed in Gyrosigma (Chrysophyta) and Tetradron (Chloropyta), 12317.3 and 0.014 mg/m3 respectively. The average biomass of zooplankton was measured 531.74, 30.77, 225.07, and 96.26 mg/m^3 respectively and the total was attained 883.83 mg/m3 Table 5. The maximum and minimum biomass of all zooplanktons was estimated in November and July, 3446.23 and 6 mg/m^3 respectively. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum numbers of zooplanktons were found in September and July which were 48.4 and 0.002 millions respectively and the average number was 8.4 ind/m^3 Table 4. Also numbers and biomass (gr/m^2) of 11 families of benthos which inhabit Gorgan Bay such as Annelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda were investigated in separated stations and distinctive months. The maximum and minimum biomass of benthos was observed in January (42.91 gr/m^2) and March (0.6428 gr/m^2). The biomass was considerable in April, February, August and December (Tables: 4, 5 and 6).
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Gorgan Bay ; Ecological study ; Fisheries ; Ichthyoplanktons ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Benthic ; Sampling ; Biomass ; Temperature ; Visibility ; pH ; Alkalinity ; Salinity ; Phosphate ; Cyanophyta ; Annelida ; Mollusca
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    Warm water cultured fishes in Kermanshah province study on the possibility of improving (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25394 | 18721 | 2018-09-18 05:38:30 | 25394 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: For the improve handling of carp cultured fishes in Kermanshah province we chose 4 treatment out of that one treatment was the best, this included fish+powdered ice with C.S.W tank transported with a roof covered car in all treatment fish are tested physically and chemically and microbiologically, also temperature of fish body and environment was taken periodically andattempt for biometry and weight ranges of fishes also did in each study.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Kermanshah province ; Warm water fish ; Culture ; Carp ; Weight ; Fish
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    Analyzing the effects of aquaculture and rebuild aquatics stocks on fisheries development in the Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25412 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 15:56:29 | 25412 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Using SWOT analysis with traditional matrix and quantitative matrix methods, the strategies to benefit from strengths and opportunities to vanishing weaknesses and decrease of threats for strategic management of aquaculture in Iranian Northern provinces was surveyed. Utilizing researches held in fisheries research centers and existence of aquaculture experts in vicinity, activation of veterinary organization in production and post production, and entering new brood stocks with desirable growth are the main strategies for developing rainbow trout and Chinese carps culture in Iranian Northern provinces. In sturgeon fishes culture, independence of farms from fingerlings produced by governmental complex and diversification the cultured fishes using new species and hybrids can develop this part of aquaculture. Avoiding illegal fishing in sea and rivers, preserving the population of Caspian Sea fishes, entering new fish species which their resources are decreased extremely to breeding and fingerling production cycle, and using pike perch and bream while they migrate to Anzali Lagoon from Caspian Sea, instead of freshwater brood stocks will cause the output of sea enhancement and sea ranching activities to increase, and fisheries return coefficient of these fishes will rise. Using quantitative matrix and scoring method, it was defined that aquaculture in Iranian Northern provinces are extremely approved and acceptable and the score of strengths is more than weaknesses and opportunities more than threats. By using strategic management, these activities can be more developed.
    Keywords: Management ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali Lagoon ; SWOT ; Strategic management ; Aquaculture ; Sea enhancement ; Sea ranching ; Traditional matrix ; Quantitative matrix ; Fisheries ; Survey ; Culture ; Species ; Illegal fishing
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    An investigation to designing a standard plan for sholam research warmwater fish ponds culture and hatchery (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25428 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:44:06 | 25428 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to "An investigation designing a suitable plan for sholam research warm water fish ponds and culture and hatchery", survying some of refrences and scientific papers were done. As a result the infrastructures of that plan were determined, and the diagram for relation between structures was designed. Finally according to the diagram,three plans were distincted, and some of them with desire advantage was selected.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Plan ; Fisheries research center ; Relation diagram ; Culture ; Hatchery ; Fish pond ; Surveying
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    Feasibility study on semi intensive polyculture of chainess and Indian carps in I.R.IRAN (Khozestan province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25424 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:21:43 | 25424 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to diversify the production of carp (Cyprinid) in Iran, in 2010 September, 15,000 pieces of fry from three species of indian major carp were arrived to Iran. After subtraction of the dead fishes, finally 10,500 fry were introduced to 700 m2 ponds with a density 3,500 pieces, which includes 46. 7 % Catla, (Catla catla), 35 % Rohu (Labeo rohita) and 18. 3% Mrigal Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala). Primary average weight and length of these fishes were 0.3±0.0 g and 23.6±0.75 mm for Rohu, 0.1±0.0 g and 33.26±0.35 for catla and 0.16±0.01 g and 34.8±0.96 mm in Mrigal respectively. Fish were reared in the Khuzestan province's climate with at least 7°C and a maximum temperature of 35°C. The culture period was 6 month. Once every 45 days by using signebeach net samples were taken from ponds and biometry tests were done. The maximum net production was observed at 50% situated treatment, with average weight 723.3 kg per 1700 m^2 ponds (4254.9 kg ha). There is no significant differences between experimental treatments with each other and with control (P 〈0. 05). Mean final weight of Rohu in 3 experimental treatments were 1136, 1129, 1054 g and in Catla and Mrigal were 726,902, 839 g and 773, 788, 894. There was not significant diference between them (P〈0.05). Survival rate in Rohu, Catla and Mrigal was 92%, 97% and 86% respectively. The maximum specific growth rate (SGR) of fish related to Catla (1.92) and the minimum SGR of fish was observed in Mrigal (1.45). In accordance with the results of this study, the Indian carp fishes can able to adapt, grow and reach to market weight in the Khuzestan province's weather conditions.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khuzestan province ; Indian carp ; SGR ; Labeo Rohita ; Cirhinus merigala ; Catla catla ; Chainess crap ; Cyprinid ; Species ; Temperature ; Survival rate
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    Effect of different heating treatments and kind of filling media on the amounts of some mineral elements (iron, zinc, copper, calcium and sodium) of silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix) during canning (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25429 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:29:13 | 25429 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this study, first, the influence of three precooking methods (steaming, oven-baking and microwave-cooking) on the contents of mineral elements-copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium-of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was evaluated. Determination results of evaluated elements in raw fish and cooked samples were in range 3.05 to 4.19 for copper, 71.45 to 82.85 for zinc, 32.18 to 40.70 for iron, 425.6 to 529.46 and 315.5 to 534.76 for calcium. Results showed different precooking treatments had no significant effects on the amounts of mineral elements such as copper, zinc, calcium and sodium. The Iron content in the samples subjected to microwave cooking increased. With doing multivariate analysis, on comparing the raw and precooked fillets, steam cooking found to be the best precooking method on retain mineral elements. After choosing the best precooking method, for evaluating the influence of different filling media including sunflower oil, soybean oil, olive oil and brine, on the quality of canned silver carp, amounts of mineral elements(copper, zinc, iron, calcium and sodium) and microbial indices(total counts, thermopile count and clostridium) and sensory indices (color, smell, taste and texture) was surveyed. Assessments of microbial indices showed no microbial activity in canned products. After canning amounts of sodium increased in all the treatments. Except for iron, using soybean oil had no significant effect on the contents of other elements. The highest levels of iron and copper were observed in olive oil canned samples sterilized at 130°C. Sensory evaluating showed, kind of filling media had no significant effects on sensory indices such as taste, smell and color of canned samples. The texture of soybean oil canned samples and the quality defects of olive oil and brine canned samples had better condition than other treatments. In the last step, canned silver carp were proceed under three different temperatures (115°C, 120°C and 130°C) with equal lethality value (Fo=7min), then sensory indices and amount of mineral elements were compared. Results showed, the contents of iron, copper, sodium and calcium were changed in soybean oil canned sample. The amounts of copper and sodium in sunflower oil canned sample subjected to different heating regimes showed significant variation. The highest amount of copper was observed in the canned samples subjected to 130°C heating regime. Results showed contents of iron and copper of olive oil canned sample subjected to 120°C and 130°C heating regimes were higher than sample subjected to 115°C heating regime, while the zinc and calcium contents had no variation. In brine canned samples the highest amounts of copper and iron was obtained after sterilization in 120°C. Results of sensory evaluation showed different heating regimes had no significant effects on the indices of taste, smell, and color of products. Doing 130°C heating regime in brine canned samples led to obtain the better tenacity of texture. While this heating regime caused to increase the quality defects of soybean oil canned samples as a result of existence of hard parts of bone.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Precooking ; Filling media ; Heating regime ; Sterilization ; Silver carp ; Mineral elements ; Hypopthalmichthys molitrix ; Samples ; Sunflower oil ; Soybean oil ; Silver Carp
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  • 47
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    The feasibility study for culture of Salmo trutta caspius by brackish water (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25438 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:51:04 | 25438 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Caspian trout is valuable, Commercial, anadromous and endemic fish species in the Caspian Sea so that, researchers attention have been focused on this species. At the moment, only pay attention to stocks rehabilitation that fisheries organization releases more than 300,000 fingerlings to the rivers ends to the Caspian Sea. Importance of this study consist (1) introducing a new species to the aquaculture system and (2) provide breeders in this research. we used from 2 treatments that consist with density of 10 kg/m^3 and 20 kg/m3 with 3 replication. Results showed, culture of Caspian trout is suitable with density 10 kg/m^3, so that weight gain, SGR and Daily growth mean are better than treatment 2(15-20 kg/m^3 )
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Growth factors ; Feasibility ; Culture ; Brackish water
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  • 48
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    A study on physico-chemicals parameters, environmental pollutants, bacterial and macrobentos distribution at the surface waters, undergrand waters and wastewater of Mangol Dam basin (Mazandaran province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25452 | 18721 | 2018-09-26 09:35:53 | 25452 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: At the present study, the water quality parameters monthly, environmental pollutants (pesticides, heavy metals and surfactants) seasonally, macrobenthos and bacteria (monthly) were done 2009 t0 2010 that located in Mangol Dam with longitude and latitude 52° 22' 49" N and 43° 15' 43" E, respectively. All water samples were collected from under-groundwater, surface water and wastewater in 12 stations and the results are as follow: The mean concentrations of DO, BOD_5, COD, HCO^3-, CO_3^2-, TA, Ca^2+, Mg^2+, TH, TSS, TDS, Cl^-, PO4^3-, NH^4+, NO^2- and NO^3- were determined about 11.86±0.49, 5.95±0.11, 4.96±0.59, 28.1±6.1, 14.34±1.64, 36.30±2.33, 64.66±2.34, 28.84±1.52, 271.62±8.41, 0.37±0.03, 0.45±0.02, 28.02±1.96, 0.06±0.01, 0.010±0.001, 0.01±0.001 and 0.96±0.03 mg/l, respectively and also temperature, pH and EC were 12.7±0.61°C, 8.00±0.02 unit, 0.57±0.02 ms/cm in all samples. The surface water quality of Haraz River and its tributaries were suitable for usual applications such as aquatic matters, but based on BOD_5 need to more attention for human usages. The water quality index (WQI) of surface water was classified in group II at all stations that shows serious water quality changes due to domestic and agriculture sewage. The groundwater was affected by different matters that caused change of water quality parameters. The wastewater was classified from good to moderate based on BOD5. The quality of wastewater was declined at down-stream with decreasing DO and pH and increasing BOD5 pollutants. The mean concentrations of aldrin and endrin were about 0.66 ± 0.59 and 0.71 ± 1.07 µg/l, respectively. The maximum seasonal concentration of organochlorin pesticides (OCPs) were detected in fall, winter and spring for endosulfan sulfate, γ-BHC, heptachlor, endrin aldehyde compounds about 2.85, 0.34, 0.14 and 0.14µg/l, respectively. The maximum seasonal percentage range of OCPs in fall, winter and spring for endosulfan sulfate, DDD and β-BHC were 42, 25 and 25 %, respectively. The maximum seasonal concentrations during fall, winter and spring were detected in Sorkhroud and Polechelave stations for only Fe about 1.48, 3.3 and 8.22 µg/l, respectively. Also for Hg in spring was determined about 17.2 mg/l. The mean concentration of Zn, Fe and Hg in water sampled were 0.23 ± 1.01 and 1.21 ± 2.00 µg/l, respectively and 4.65± 6.38 mg/l. The maximum concentration of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) in summer was 971µg/l. The mean concentration of surfactant during fall, winter, spring and summer was 418.62 ± 52.16 µg/l. The maximum seasonal percentage ranges of surfactant during fall, winter, spring and summer in all stations of sampling were 76, 76, 100 and 100 %, respectively. Tottaly 15 families of macrobenthos were identified in Haraz River. The maximum mean of abundance and biomass in Sorkhroud and Nour-roud stations were 1177±256 ind/m^2 and 3609±935mg/m^2, respectively. During Seasons, the maximum mean abundance and biomass were detected in fall and winter with 1185±444 ind/m^2 and 3891±849 mg/m^2, respectively. Water quality were classified by Hilsenhoff Biotic Index such as Sorkhrood station as "Very Poor", Isar town station as "Fairly Poor" and Karesang and Nor-roud stations as "good" qualification. The maximum of total coli forms and fecal coli forms in surface water were observed in Sorkhrood about 4.9 and 2.3CFU/100ml, respectively. The maximum of total coli forms and fecal coli forms in groundwater were observed in Halomsar and Absak stations about 4 and 1.7CFU/100ml, respectively. Maximum of total coli forms and fecal coli forms in wastewater were observed in Nor-roud station about 3.1 and 1.6CFU/100ml, respectively. The Ovary of nematode in wastewater were observed in Nor-roud and Isar Town stations about 30 through 124, respectively.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Haraz River ; Mazandaran province ; Mangol Dam basin ; Physico-chemical characteristics ; Surface water ; Ground Water ; Wastewater ; Pesticides ; Heavy Metals ; Surfactants ; Macrobenthos ; Coliforms ; Nematodes ; Environmental pollutants ; Bacterial ; Temperature ; pH ; Biomass
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  • 49
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    The study of nutrition and feeding position of shrimp, cultured in IRAN (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25443 | 18721 | 2018-09-25 18:03:13 | 25443 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The culture of Iranian Shrimps began in Bushehr in 1372. Early the green or the pink tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus) which were found in most habitats of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea were considered in breeding and reproduction, but due to reproduction difficulties, it was rather replaced by the Monodun imported species, then the production of the white shrimp Metapenaeus affinis and Then P.merguensis in some southern areas of the country such as Hormozgan has began in small scale,but none of these species couldn't meet the economical needs of the consumer society and they were not indelible and dominant enough in the shrimp aquaculture industry of the country until breeding of Indian White Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) has began in large scale in the provinces of Khuzestan and Bushehr, which are seen as the heart of shrimps reproduction and breeding, and in Hormozgan and Sistan. the incidence of white spot viral syndrome (White Spot Syndrom Virus) led to the import of the western white leg shrimp from the USA (P.vannameii) by the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) in 1383, at the present all southern and northern breeding farms of the country (fundamental measures has been carried out in line of shrimp reproduction in Gorgan province in 1386) has put the breeding of this shrimp species as the single breeding species at top of their agenda. The subject of feeding the breeding shrimps is widespread and regarding to the non-proprietary species there are still some species which contain high protein than the other species in studying the different shrimp species requirements. In Iran due to the scarce factories producing the shrimp's food, the alimentary compound of the breeding shrimps during industrializing years of this type of breeding even after the non-aboriginal western white leg shrimp species being inclusive was stable and through different biological processes including: Naplies which feeds from its yalk and by entry into zoa stage start eating only small-sized phytoplankton. And by entry into the stage between zoa and mysis it feeds from phyto and zooplankton simultaneously and entering the post-larva stage it stars sarcophagi. and after 15 post-larva stage entering the growth and transition stage to earthen ponds feeding by concentrated industrial foods in large and small packages depending on young and adult mouth and due to feeding requirements of every stage the alimentary compound is nearly as follows: Digestible protein, energy, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals will start and the final product will be released in market Or they will be used in the later years of laying eggs and feeding for brood stock. In feeding section the details of every stage and their food's nutritional needs at each stage and will be fully described.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Hormozgan Province ; Bushehr Province ; Shrimp ; Food components ; Biological processes ; Nutrition ; Feeding ; Culture ; Tiger shrimp ; Penaeus Semisulcatus ; Breeding ; White shrimp ; Metapenaeus affinis ; Aquaculture ; White Spot Syndrome Virus ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton
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    The study of cyst formation in bisexual strains of A. urmiana, A. franciscana and parthenogenetic strians of A. pakistan, A. turkmenistan in laboratory conditions (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25448 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 17:20:27 | 25448 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The study was conducted to achieve growth, survival and reproductive characteristics of four Artemia populations (A.urmiana , A.franciscana , Pakistan strain and Turkmanestan strain). In this study, The strains were cultured under the same and static environment in laboratory condition. All cysts strains were hatched using the standard methods and the nauplii from the populations were cultured in laboratory condition using 80 g/L salinity, 25±1ºC with photoperiod (12L:12D) and Dunalliella tertiolecta were fed. The growth and survival of artemia were determined on days 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20 of culture. Randomly, The adult population were placed in 50 ml conical falcons and reproductive characteristics were determined. The results revealed that the survivorship A. franciscana had the highest survival (%99.8) and A. turkmanestan lowest survival (%92.1) The results revealed that the in growth rate while pakistanian strain had the highest growth rate(8554 micron). The results revealed that the reproductive characteristics in each population of species , the highest cyst production were observed in A. urmiana, A. franciscana and A. turkmanestan strains and the highest nauplii production was due to pakistanian strain. The highest production were observed in A. franciscana and lowest production were observed in turkmanestan strain.
    Keywords: Health ; Iran ; Pakistan ; Turkmanestan ; Artemia ; Strain ; Survival ; Growth ; Reproduction ; Population ; A.urmiana ; A.franciscana ; Culture ; Dunalliella tertiolecta
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    Quality evaluation of Non- Atchabledecapsulated Cysts of Artemia Urmiana during one year after produce (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25173 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:10:58 | 25173 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Low hatching artemia cysts which has no use in the aquaculture can be decapsulated and directly use in larvae culture. In order to increase the knowledge of consumers to know the quality changes of low hatching decapsulated cysts during storage after production (especially fatty acids) this research was carried out. In this work Low hatching cysts of artemia urmiana had decapsulated with sodium hypochlorite and other chemicals. We used drying room and f.b.d system for drying of this decapsulated cysts and package units had used for packing this product to cans. We had three experimental treatments of dry decapsulated cysts (3 type packing including vaccumed cans and free (plastic dishes). These treatment were evaluated at different times (comparing of before produce, after produce , 3, 6 and 12 months keeping after production ) such as fatty acids , fatty percent , protein percent , bacterial and fungal contamination and presence of aflatoxin the result of fatty acids using one way anova analysis showed that the variation of half of fatty acids specially DHA and EPA were significant (p〈0.05) . Fatty percentage increased and protein was decreased about 12-15% during the one year storage we separated two species of bacteria and two species of fungi but they had no pathogenic bacterial and fungal. During 6 months storage the quality of products have less variation compared whit 12 months.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Non- Atchabledecapsulated ; Cyst ; Artemia Urmiana ; Larvae ; Culture ; Fatty acids ; Protein ; Bacterial ; Fungal ; ANOVA ; Species ; Pathogenic ; Quality ; Evaluation ; Hatchable ; Aquaculture
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  • 52
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    Survey of diversity, distribution, abundance and biomass of macrobenthic fauna in the southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25496 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 07:39:50 | 25496 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Sampling of macrobenthic communities in southeastern Caspian Sea, Iranian coast, were investigated seasonally from April to March 2012. Sampling was carried out at 8 transect as named Astara, Badar Anzali, Sefied rood, Tonekaboon, Nooshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad, Gomishan.In each transect were choice 8 stations at 5m, 10m, 20m, 50m, 100m depths respectively. Samples were taken in triplet with a 0.1m^² van Veen grab.Totally 28 macrofaunal species belonging to 10 families were identified as gamaridae (9species), corophidae (3species),psudocumidae(8 species), amphartidae (2species), balanidae, chironomidae, cardidae scorbicolaridae, nereidae, sponoidae, each one species. Polychaetes were dominated, representing 72.5% of the whole fauna while while (equal 62.4% of total abundance and 5/1%biomass) were belong to Streblospio spp. from Spionidae family. Cerastoderma lamarcki belong to bivavia consist of 2/3% total macobethos abundance and 73% biomass. Total abundance of macrobenthos of middle area were higher than east and west area in southern Caspian Sea. Average benthic population density (no/m^2) with (SE) was 4581(444 ). The benthic biomass (mg/m^2) with an overall mean of 12. 125(02). Spatial and temporal variations of benthos. In the present study showed, maximum abundance Macrobenthos 17855(5543) no/m^2) were recorded in 20 meter depths at Nooshahr trancect , while minimum 841(109 )in 10 meter depths at Amirabad trancect p〈0.05. Maximum biomass 135.10(126) g/m^2 were obtained at 10m depths in Astara minimum 0.51(0.4) ) g/m^2 at 5m depths in Nooshahr transect . maximum were obtained in winter and minimum in summer Number of species varied 3 to 18 , Generally, minimum species diversity were obtained at 20 m depth in Tonekabon transects and the maximum value was observed at 100 m depth of sefeidrood variations physicochemical factors were between salinity 12.5to12.9ppt ,temperature 8-19˚c and PH 8.1 dissolve oxygen 69-101mg/li. Total secondary production calculated, according ,104/996g AFDW/m^2/yr.Maximum were recorded in 10meter depth (30/381AFDW/m^2/yr) and minimum at 50 meter depth(11/007g AFDW/m^2/yr) respectively. Average total organic matter were 3/18 percent in sample periods. Percent of total organic matter (TOM) were low in 5 and 10 m depths and increased toward offshore depths. TOM percent was 1/67(0.11 ) at 5 m depth and increased to 4/38(0.13 )in 100 m depth. Average total silt &clay were 68/63(2.97) percent in sample periods. Positive significant relation was between silt &clay and total organic matter. Macrobenthos community reduce in high silt clay and high sandy contents. Due to increase of streptolosbio.spp, monitoring program for understanding effect of this organism on ecosystem and on fish feeding is necessary.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Astara ; Badar Anzali ; Tonekabon ; Macrobenthos ; Diversity ; Distribution ; Abundance ; Biomass ; Secondary production ; Species ; Gamaridae ; Corophidae ; Psudocumidae ; Amphartidae ; Balanidae ; Chironomidae ; Cardidae ; Scorbicolaridae ; Nereidae ; Sponoidae ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Streptolosbio.spp
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  • 53
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    Possibility of the pond culture of Asian sea bass, lates calcarifer in Gwadar farm , Sistan & Baloochestan (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25578 | 18721 | 2018-10-06 17:39:33 | 25578 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In the present study, the possibility of marine culture of Asian sea bass in the shrimp earthen ponds located in the Gwadar region (coastal area of Oman Sea, southeastern of Iran) was investigated. To this end, Asian sea bass frys reared for 7 months including 1 month nursery and 6 months growth-period. During the culturing periods, fish were feed ad libitum by various commercial rainbow trout diets based on fish growth stages. After nursery period, the average weight of 11.05±1.5 g and survival percent of 65 % were obtained for fish. During the growth-out period, the average weight increased continually from 31.4±4.7 g in late June to 252.1±30 g at the end of growth-out period in late Dec. Also, the highest values of monthly weight gain yielded during August, Sept and Oct when fish had the average weight range of (76.9±14.4)-(188.1±12.8) g. The values of monthly feed conversion ratio (FCR) were low and similar from July to Oct and then increased in Nov and Dec. The values of total monthly feed intake (FI) increased continually from July to Oct and then with a decrease in Nov, increased again in Dec. The values of survival percent after nursery and growth-out period were 65 % and 66% respectively. Also, the average of monthly FCR, FCR at the time of fish harvesting, total FI and total harvested biomass were 1.36, 2.5, 630.5 kg and 325 kg. in conclusion, the pond culture of Asian sea bass with marine water results appropriate survival and growth rates so that fish (11.05±1.5 g) obtained marketable weight (252.1±30 g) during 6 months culturing period. It seems that first-half of year in Gwadar area is more suitable for sea bass culture since this time periods results better FCR ( fed by rainbow trout feed) and has economic justification. Also, with regular sorting operation and providing of species-specific feed for Asian sea bass can increase the Production per Unit Area.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Gwatr ; Sistan and Baloochestan ; Chabahar ; Lates calcarifer ; Asian sea bass ; Culture ; Pond ; Lates calcarifer ; Rainbow trout ; Survival rate ; FCR
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  • 54
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    Quantity evaluation and identification of pathogenic bacteria in water pond and cultivated Cyprinid fish enrichment by natural (cow dong) and chemical fertilizer (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25570 | 18721 | 2018-10-06 11:30:10 | 25570 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The aim of this study was comparison the effect of cow dung as organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on microbial flora, fish and human pathogenic bacteria and physico-chemical parameters of cyprinus fish pond water. The water samples were collected from two ponds, pond 1 was fertilized by cow dung and pond 2 was fertilized by chemical fertilizer, respectively from May to October 2011. . The aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were enumerated in TSA by serial dilution of the sample, followed by conventional pure plate method. Coliforms bacteria were similarly isolated on Chrom agarTM ECC. Moreover, the water samples were used to analysis of BOD, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, transparency, total alkalinity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, total nitrogen and total phosphorous. Temperature and pH were measured by thermometer and portable pH meter in place of ponds. For isolating of fish and human pathogenic bacteria, thirty six fish were collected from pond 1 from July to October and then sampled from their liver and kidney and inoculated in blood agar. The mean of total count of bacteria and total coliform count in cow dung sample were 4 × 104 ± 1200 and 4700 ± 300 CFUmL^-1 respectively. The mean of water total count bacteria of pond 1 were significantly higher than the water of pond 2. The water total count bacteria of pond 1 were significantly increased in August, but water total count of pond 2 was not shown significant variation from May to October. The results showed that Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Yersinia and E.coli were isolated from water of pond 1 but just Pseudomonas and E.coli were isolated from water of pond 2. Moreover, the human pathogenic bacteria shuc as Shigella and Salmonella were not isolated from of water and fish samples from pond 1. In this study, the bacteria growths were negative in all of the inoculated plate from fish liver and kidney. The total hardness, total phosphorus, total dissolved solid and conductivity of the pond 1 water were significantly higher than the pond 2 water. But the BOD, dissolved oxygen and transparency of the pond 2 were significantly higher than the pond 1 water. There were no significant differences in the total nitrogen, total alkalinity and pH between water of pond 1 and 2. In recent years, the chemical fertilizer has been used in cyprinus fish pond but many studies have showed that they were high risked as environmental pollution. Thus, the use of livestock manure especially cow dung could be a suitable alternative. The results showed the use of cow dung increased the bacterial population and diversity. Increasing of bacteria population caused increased total phosphorus that plays an important role in bloom of plankton because we found decreasing transparency and planktons are an important food for cyprinus fish. In despite of isolation of fish and human pathogenic bacteria from water, the bacteria growths were negative in all of the inoculated plate from fish liver and kidney. In summary, it seems the cow dung is a suitable alternative for fertilizing of cyprinus fish pond water if a microbial and physico-chemical monitoring of fish and pond water were continuously arranged.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Health ; Iran ; Pathogenic ; Bacteria ; Cyprinid ; Cow dung ; Fertilizer ; Microbial flora ; Cyprinus fish ; Dissolved oxygen ; Transparency ; Alkalinity ; Temperature ; pH ; Kidney ; Pseudomonas ; E.coli
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  • 55
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    Comparison of propagation efficiency of sobaity (Sparidentex hasta) fish rearing with fish capture from the sea in circular spawning tank (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25587 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 11:26:14 | 25587 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This project was conducted in imam Khomeini mariculture research state from October 2010 to June 2013 to compare reproductive performance between wild and domesticated Sobaity seabream broodstocks. In 3 years wild broodstocks did not spawn in 5 and 10 fiberglass and concrete tanks but domesticated broodstocks spontaneously spawned from February to March. In the first year domesticated broodstock in ratio of 3 females to 6 males allotted in 10 mt concrete tanks in triplicate. the about 2776000 eggs produced from 9 females and 18 males but further heavy mortality occurred because of winter shock syndrome and suppression of immunity system. Mean temperature, salinity and PH in incubation period was 16.5˚C (range between16-18˚C), 45ppt, 8.5 respectively. Mean floating eggs and hatch percent was 15.5% and 8.9% and about 19000 larvae produced. In the second year domesticated broodstock in ratio of 9 females to 23 males allotted in 5 mt fiberglass tanks in triplicate .about 17540000 eggs acquired from 27 female and 69 male broodstocks. Mean temperature, salinity and PH in culture period was 24.8 ˚C(range between20-28.3˚C), 47.5 ppt, 8.4 respectively. Mean floating eggs and hatch percent was 58.94% and 84% and about 8640000 larvae produced and stocking density was 10-30 larvae per liter. After 61 days mean production and survival were 503.3 (range between 140-1220) larvae per cubic meter and 5.3% (range between 0.47–12.2 %) respectively. Final mean weight of fry was 2.6 gr. In the third year domesticated broodstock in ratio of 3 females to 6 males allotted in 5 mt fiberglass tanks in triplicate. about 6570000 eggs acquired from 9 female and 18 male brood stocks. Mean temperature, salinity and pH in culture period was 23.9˚C(range between 19.5-28.4˚C), 45, 7.6 respectively. Mean floating eggs and hatch percent was 54.7% and 81.6% and about 2889800 larvae produced and stocking density was 10-30 larvae per liter. At the end of 87 and 89 days of husbandry the mean production and survival were 359 (range from 300 to 397) larvae per cubic meter and 2.7% (range between 1.32–3.8 %) respectively. Final mean weight of fry was 3.5 gram and Larvaeculture in the last 2 years carried out in 5 cubic meters fiberglass tanks. It seems to domesticated broodstocks because of spontaneous spawning, long spawning period, more brood stocks and possibility of reusing them in the next year are very economical for propagation than wild broodstocks.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Sparidentex hasta ; Fry production ; Spawning ; Larvae culture ; Propagation ; Sobaity ; Sparidentex hasta ; Rearing ; Mariculture ; Broodstocks ; Temperature ; Salinity ; pH ; Survival
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    The study of rearing density effect on growth and survival of fingerlings Kutum, Rutilus kutum, with Caspian Sea water (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25631 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 16:55:18 | 25631 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Rutilus kutum is one of the most important economic fish species of Iranian costal of Caspian Sea. This species conducted more than 60% of fish caught in Caspian Sea annually, and more than 10 thousands fisherman engaged to its fishery. In present study, kutum fingerlings reared in two different densities include of 25 and 40 fish/m^2 with mean weight of 17.5±5.87 g. The period of test being planned 10 weeks and the test organism housed in circular concrete pools of 3 m^3 capacity with flowing water and aeration in pools are supplied. The fishes feed by extrude food with 45% crude protein and 14% crude fat. After termination of the experiment, the result showed that weight gain performance, specific growth rate, condition factor, food efficiency rate and protein efficiency rate decreased, while food conversion ratio increased with rising of density, as their different was significance in two experimental treatments (p〈0.05). The kutum reared in low density showed significantly higher survival rate (SVR) (with 88.8%) than high density (with 76.9%) (p〈0.05). Based on the different observed effects of the density on growth and survival, it is recommended the use of a 25 kutum/m^2 density for rearing by Caspian Sea water.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Rutilus kutum ; Density ; Culture ; Growth ; Survival ; Fishery ; Fingerlings ; SVR ; Rearing
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    A survey on some risk factors and evaluation of their impacts on streptococcosis incidence in rainbow trout farms in west of Mazandaran province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25632 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 07:24:27 | 25632 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5- parameter dissolved oxygen, PH, nitrite, nitrate and temperature of the water on Streptococcosis incidence in two groups of fry and grower fish. Research was performed at west Mazandaran province -Tonkabon region in 12 rainbow trout selected farms. Research conducted in 3 farms with well source water, 8 farms with water source of the river of Dohezar and one farm with water source of the river of Azarood, during 12 consecutive months. From 1390.04.01 to 1391.04.01, once time each month, and in each time 10 fish randomly sampled, inlet water were sampled simultaneously Of 1350 sampled fish 607 fish with an average weight 22.04 gr, average length 12.59 cm were in fry category and 743 fish with an average weight 156.25 gr, average length 23.32 cm in were grower category. Streptococcosis observed only in grower category Of 72 fish with clinical signs of the disease, 14 numbers were positive Streptococcosis (19.44%) and 58 numbers were negative Streptococcosis (80.55%). Three fish from grower category has not any clinical signs of disease and seemed to be healthy but were positive Streptococcosis in examinations (0.22% of total fish sampled. Fish with clinical signs of the disease but negative Streptococcosis were of at least 55.1 gr and at most weight 417 gr respectively. The results showed that 47.07% cases of Streptococcosis happened at 15.6°C water temperature, 35.29% at 16.98°C and 17.64% cases happened at 18.04°C so that 100% of Streptococcosis cases was observed at the average temperature of 16.99°C. In addition, the survey results show that despite relatively high levels of nitrite in source water of farms from wells, nitrite does not effect on the disease incidence. It seems that an optimal level of dissolved oxygen in water is effective in reducing the effectiveness of nitrite in this disease. According to equation coefficients logit model is as follows: According to Logit model, it seems that for every degree change in temperature and pH of water, morbidity change will diminish 0.37 % and 1.74 % respectively. 80.56% of fish sampled that had the clinical symptoms, was ranging from an average weight of 5.1 gr (fry) and 417 gr (grower fish), that despite having clinical signs of the disease were negative Streptococcosis. Isolation of Staphylococcus bacteria as well as Gram-negative bacilli from fish with clinical symptoms similar to the symptoms of Streptococcosis, may indicate the involvement of other pathogens in fish clinical signs.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Mazandaran Province ; Tonkabon ; Streptococcusis ; Risk factors ; Cold water fish ; Survey ; Rainbow trout ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Nitrite ; Clinical signs ; Temperature ; Pathogen
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    The study of establishment of rainbow trout culture and hatchery farms on Zayanderood’s River region in Caharmahal and Bakhtiyari Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25620 | 18721 | 2018-10-14 02:36:27 | 25620 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The aim of this study was to find the best location for establishment of rainbow trout culture and hatcheries farms on Zayanderood’s river region in Charmahal and Bakhtiyari province. This survey carried out over ten station along Zayanderood’s river. The result of physical and chemical analysis showd that the annual average of air temperature varied from 9.5oC - 10oC where the pH annual average value were between 7.5 and 8.8. the dissolve oxygen concentration in stations except in rainbow trout farm effluent were above 10 mg/l. the other chemical , pollutant as well as pesticides levels were under the limiting concentration for rainbow trout culture and Hatcheries activity. The plankton survey showed that the Bacillurophyta were the dominant group of phytoplankton where protozoa constituted the most abundant group of zooplankton the Benthic organisms sensitive to pollutant in particular Epirus were dominant group in all stations. In regard to fishes presence in river, five species of Ciprinidae, one species from Balitoridae and one species from salmonidae families were identified. The capacity for development of rainbow trout culture for tow phase period in Zayanderood’s river region with respect to self purification potential (self purification potential were determined from the oxidation of the effluent of the only active trout farm of the river region), minimum of 10 L/s water requirement for production of trout in concrete canal and pond system and 1 L/S water need for production in semi circular closed system were estimated to be 5202 metric tons.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caharmahal and Bakhtiyari province ; Positioning ; Rainbow trout ; Self purification ; Culture ; Hatchery ; Survey ; Temperature ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen ; Pollutant ; Plankton ; Bacillurophyta ; Phytoplankton ; Protozoa ; Zooplankton ; Benthic organisms ; Ciprinidae ; Balitoridae ; Salmonidae
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    The identification of best location for rehabilitation of coral stock (Acropora spp.) in the Larak Island (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25637 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 08:10:22 | 25637 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Nutrients, organic matter and benthos communities of sea bed, health and growth of Staghorn corals (Acropora spp.) were investigated at two stations on the Lark Island from Jul.2012 to Feb.2013 seasonally. ANOVA test was used for the spatial and temporal variations in the studied between stations and seasons (95 percent confidence interval). Also, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) factor was used in order to identify the most important parameters influencing of coral growth. ANOVA test indicated difference between Biometrics new coral colonies at both the station and the old coral colonies in the West Island Station Lark in the summer and spring together with autumn and winter(P〈0.05), Although there was no significant difference between autumn and winter(P〉0.05). Salinity factor was similarity (P〉0.05), but the factor of temperature was difference in the summer with other at both stations in all seasons (p〈0.05). Diving observations indicated that adaptations of in the coral habitat at both stations is selected. In order to avoid of stress caused by fluctuations in temperature and salinity at both stations, Staghorn corals were distributed in the region away from the coastline. Also, these communities have chosen transverse expansion strategy a way to escape the stress of sea surface temperature fluctuations. Significant correlation was reported between temperature fluctuations and the development of the Lark island's coral bleaching. It also has been reported to the Persian Gulf corals are vulnerable to unusual changes in temperature and long term stress. Studied nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate) in front of Lark station had a higher amount of station of West Island. The results of nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate) did not show any difference in the previous studies in the larak coral ecosystems. Therefore, the probability of coral loses in front of Larak station, caused no recycling of materials, and increased accumulation of nutrients in the current situation. Benthos communities of bottom were differed (P〈0.05), but the density of these communities, there were no differed in the two stations in the same season (P〉0.05).The study of Gran size of seabed was showed the highest amount of sand in all seasons at both stations. Studies showed that, in the absence of environmental stress, the type of bottom sediments had as an important factor in the distribution and abundance of benthic organisms. Although coral life is not directly related to the richness of the seabed, but production in marine ecosystems directly and indirectly related to these communities, which is influential on the richness of these ecosystems. In studying Coral Watch method were concluded difference between indices used in seasons of summer and winter together, and with autumn and winter seasons (p〈0.05), although no differences was observed between autumn and winter(p〉0.05).The indices obtained in this study can be concluded the minimum stress during the period of the study was dominated ecosystems, also difference between summer and spring of this study could have been influenced by the effect of temperature on zooxanthella concentration. Two components were identified in this study using of principal component factor analysis to identification the most important parameters that influence the growth of corals. Also, the variability of each factor studied was different.Highest loading factor on the first component of turbidity, temperature and salinity, and the second component loading factor maximum nitrate, nitrite and phosphate are inversely associated with coral growth. According to consideration the ecological conditions were determined two area to rehabilitation stocks of Staghorn corals around the Lark Island by using ArcGis software.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Larak Island ; Rehabilitation ; Coral stock ; Acropora spp. ; Nutrients ; Organic matter ; Benthose ; ANOVA ; Growth ; Temperature ; Zooxanthellae
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    Peptone production from marine and culture wastes by commercial enzymes for bacterial culture media (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25648 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 07:22:08 | 25648 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Thirty to 40% of total fish catch is converted to waste. Using different methods of hydrolysis of the protein can be recovered of fish waste and increase the amount of protein efficiency. In this study, the four enzymes Alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin were used for hydrolysis of four fish species including common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the Big head (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The effects of pH, temperature and hydrolysis time on the rate of hydrolysis were studied on soluble proteins and degree of hydrolysis (phase I). In the second step, proximate factors of peptone been evaluated and eventually replace commercial peptone media MRS (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus delberuki, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus thermophilus) and TSB (Listeria monocytogenes, two species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, Streptococcus faecium) and the optical density of bacteria at different times were compared with control samples. Results showed that the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble proteins were referred to alcalase and protamex, pepsin and trypsin respectively. The highest value of hydrolysis, in all treatments, was attributed to grass carp and silver carp, common carp and big head respectively. The best pH and temperature for alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin 8.5and 55, 7.5 and 55, 3.5, 37, 7 and 37 respectively. Best time to achieve the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble protein was 90 minutes. Qualitative analysis showed that the highest and lowest amounts of protein and fat in the treatment of alcalase (about 70 % protein and less than 0.5 % fat) and protamex, pepsin and trypsin was then. The results of bacteria culture showed that the highest percentage growth of lactic acid bacteria was referred to Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei had the lowest rate of growth. In other bacteria, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species were the highest percentage of growth and Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecium respectively. In all treatments, alcalase had the best results and the peptone prepared from fish waste grass carp had the best condition for growth of used bacteria. It seems that the initial substrate , the parameters used such as temperature, pH, and enzyme hydrolysis time , have a significant effect on the quality of peptone and protein content in the final product is determined value of protein for culture of bacteria.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Warm water ; Protease enzymes ; Bacteria ; Degree of hydrolysis ; Soluble proteins ; Fish waste ; Peptone ; Marine ; Culture ; Alcalase ; Protamex ; Pepsin ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Silver Carp ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Grass carp ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Big head ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
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    Epidemiological study on some environmental and management parameters affecting on WSD occurrence in Fenneropenaeus indicus and Penaeus vannamei (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25652 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 08:43:54 | 25652 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: For the first time white spot disease (WSD) was reported in shrimp farms of khoozestan province, in southwest of IRAN in 2002. Then in 2005 the neighbor province, boushehr, was contaminated. In 2008 WSD outbreak reported in sistan-bloochestan province in southeast of Iran. In 2015 all of southern shrimp farms of country except Hormozgan, the middle southern province, which has remained free of WSD, are being contaminated. White Spot disease suspended shrimp culture in thousands hectares of shrimp farms. Considering that white spot disease has not been observed in Hormozgan province yet, the question is; to what extent environmental and management factors participated in preventing WSD outbreak or cause WSD outbreak. In this study (20102012), the effects of environmental factors and management, stressors that decrease immune system function of shrimp are discussed. In addition, the role of pathogen as the main factor of outbreak is discussed. The goal of this study is to define environmental parameters and management practices associates with outbreak of white spot disease in affected provinces and discover reasons of being Hormozgan province free of this disease. In this study the role of the local environmental factors and management practice stressors in susceptibility to WSD was determine. Both the effects of environmental factors in water of ponds including total ammonia, nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, transparency, and temperature and management issues related to biosecurity are studied. There were overlaps on physical and chemical parameter values obtained in clear areas with contaminated areas .Results of the data analysis suggest that lack of association with WSD incidence was 7 times greater than WSD incidence despite of disease outbreak in sistan-bloochestan province, so other sources of white spot disease virus incidence was suspected in affected areas. Histopathological examinations and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests during project performance did not reveal white spot disease virus evidences in post larvae examined from khoozestan province stocked in farms but disease outbreak was happened in that farms , so we suspected to management practice include feed , pond preparation and carrier of disease. Recorded values of temperature and salinity in some months during inspection in Hormozgan province specified stressful condition that may lead to WSD outbreak, however the disease did not appear. Therefore the hypothesis that the water physical and chemical conditions are reasons to prevent disease outbreak in Hormozgan province is being rejected. The policy of Hormozgan’s fishery authorities, to replaced Fenneropenaeus indicus with specific pathogen free Litopenaeus vannamei, that is more resistant to some of diseases, before incidence of WSD in farms and to before being endemic in the Hormozgan province, made an advantage compare to affected southern provinces that introduced Litopenaeus vannamei after WSD prevalence to their farms. However it does not guarantee to maintain current trend of being Hormozgan province farms free of white spot disease. Therefore establishing the principals of biosecurity are strongly emphasized. Strategies taken by the proficient authorities in preparation of SPF shrimp broodstock can be the most important factor in preventing WSD. Regarding biosecurity principals purchased feed must be free of shrimp head powder. Construction the new shrimp farms should be as far as it could be away from contaminated areas.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Health ; Iran ; Khouzestan Province ; Boushehr province ; Sistan and Balochestan province ; Hormozgan Province ; Epidemiological study ; WSD ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Penaeus vannamei ; Shrimp ; White Spot Disease ; Temperature ; Salinity ; PCR ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ammonia ; Nitrogen ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Transparency
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    Monitoring on nutrients of sediment with emphasis on algal bloom event in the southern of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25657 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 08:23:30 | 25657 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to spatio-temporal fluctuation and distribution of phosphorous and nitrogen species, total organic carbone and some environmental parameters at suface sediments in the southern of Caspian Sea. In current study, 48 samples were collected from four stations (Bandar Anzali, Tonekabon, Bandar Nowshahr and Bandar Amirabad) and three dephths (5, 10 and 20 meter) during four seasons in 2013-2014. Results of this study showed that annual mean of Adsorbed-P, Fe-P, Al-P, Bioava.-P, Ca-P, TIP, Rese.-P and TP were obtained 6.68±0.63, 60.90±2.44, 24.94±2.39, 94.52±3.62, 1868±36, 1963±37, 87.51±9.52 and 2050±38 µg/g.dw, respectively. Result also showed that inorganic phophotous was maximum during different seasons, however, percent mean of residue-P which containe organic compounds and non-degrediable compounds, was less that 5 percent. Percent of Ca-P was higher than 90, whereas Bioava.-P was less that 10 percent. The order of different forms of phosphorous were registered Ca-P〉Org-P〉Fe-P〉Al-P〉Adsorbed-P.Annual mean of NH4/N, NO3/N, TIN, TON and TN were observed 2.56±0.27, 0.89±0.12, 3.52±0.26, 6.06±0.27 and 9.57±0.32µg/g.dw respectively. Annual percent of TON was two folds than TIN and NH4/N was also three times than NO3/N. In addition, mean of Fe, Al, Ca, Eh and TOC% were obtained 25.39±0.65, 18.76±0.68, 60.15±1.50 mg/g.dw and 67.02±0.68, 1.11±0.09, respectively. Maximum mean of carbon (1152±171), nitrogen (0.87±0.05) and phoporous (74±23) µM/g were observed in fall, winter and summer, recpectively. Also, maximum ratios of TOC:TP (16.8±2.3) and TOC:TN (2378±363) were obtained in fall season. As a conclusion, mian role of Adsorbed-P, Fe-P and Al-P adsorbed and desorbed were temperature, Eh and pH, respectively. Results of this study showed that TOC:TN was very high which represented to excitance of organic matter with almost non-degrediable. Whereas, TOC:TP was low which showed that organic phophoros was not related to proteins and phospholipids therefore sources of org-P were belong to other compounds.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Anzali ; Tonekabon ; Nowshahr ; Phophorous ; Carbon ; Nitrogen ; Environmental parameters ; Surface sediments ; Nutrients ; Algal bloom ; Species ; Samples ; Temperature ; pH ; Proteins ; Phospholipid
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    The study of pollution in the Gorgan bay (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25679 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 09:40:22 | 25679 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: From an environmental standpoint bays around the world are very important ecosystems including the Gulf of Gorgan Bay and thus are important. Which has a relatively low depth, a little flow, temperature appropriate, biogenic materials and abundant food in the sea suitable for children sometimes place (Nursery ground) and also the perfect place for power (Fattening ground) is an early sea fish. In this research effort will be the initial studies on the impact of environmental pollutants on the ecosystem of the Gulf of Gorgan and the quality and quantity of pollution, especially pollution, agricultural pesticides and entering the Gulf of Gorgan and the impact on the ecosystem's the initial assessment and the monitoring of changes in them over the years. The user in the Gulf of Gorgan, agriculture. Pollution from agricultural fields related to pesticides and fertilizers are used in the fields. According to consumer research, and the remaining amount of pesticides in water and sediments of the Gulf of measured, indicated that most of the remains of chlorinated pesticides in sediments of the pesticides used in the agricultural sector In addition, all the toxins in the summer and spring peak. In addition, the DDE concentration compared to other poisons. In the case of other contaminants in the area is now threatened by the Gulf of Gorgan, although not serious, but it seems that the increase in organic matter and reduce the amount of oxygen of the water. The near future to Eutrofication risks in the ecosystem.
    Keywords: Pollution ; Iran ; Gorgan Bay ; Pollution ; Ecosystem ; Temperature
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    Using pellt in grass carp Ctenopharygodon idella (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25263 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:55:35 | 25263 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: For hand feeding of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a kind of fish used in integrated carp culture, two kinds of pellets with Alfa alfa as current food were suggested as follows: 1. Pellet B with low fiber and high protein 2. Pellet C with high fiber and low protein The ingredient ratio was powdered and mixed, by adding water, fiber was made and minced the minced pellet was put on net tray and then in blotter to be dried and ready for use. In this experiment food quality analysis and also food water stability was measured. Regarding sampling, growth rate and weight increase of fish and FCR of each ratio was determined. Results indicates diet C is not able to compete with Alfa alfa from the stand point of weight increase, FCR and price. But diet B with low FCR and higher growth rate and higher price (not meaning ful P 5%) can compete with Alfa alfa.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Grass carp ; Feeding ; Pellet ; Ctenopharygodon idella ; Fish ; Culture ; Alfa alfa ; Fiber ; Protein ; Sampling ; Growth ; FCR
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    Survey on physicochemical parameters and pollutants in artificial reefs in Hormozgan province (Bandar-e- Lengeh area) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25265 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:24:14 | 25265 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Survey on physicochemical parameters and pollutants in artificial reefs in Hormozgan province (Bandar-e-Lengeh area) was conducted during 2004-2007. After establishing of artificial reefs by Hormozgan Shilat office, selection of sampling stations is performed at summer and winter seasons. Summer and winter values for temperature were 32.9 0.5 and 21.4 0.5 centigrade. pH had a little range of tolerance (8-8.95) and its annual mean was 8.81 0.13 . Transparency is an effective parameter on monitoring of artificial reefs. Summer and winter values for Transparency were 3.8 3.72 and 5.63 0.78 meters. Annual mean of dissolved oxygen and salinity were 7.11 0.1 ppm and 39.13 0.26 ppt. Annual means of dissolved nitrate, nitrite and orthophosphate were 4.9 0.7, 1.44 0.09 and 0.97 0.06 micromole per liters respectively. Measurement of chl.a was done in summer only. The maximum concentration was 2.95 microgram per liter. Annual average percentage of silt, clay and sand were 33 10.68, 21.63 4.84 & 45.96 12.66 respectively. Organic Carbon percentage had a little rang (0.61 1.92) of changes. Its annual percentage was 0.99 0.2. Summer and winter values for COD were 1.53 0.48 & 1.62 0.48 milligrams per liter. Concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni & Pb) in sediments were determined .All of heavy metals (especially Pb) had higher concentration in summer than winter. The annual means of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Ni & Pb were 26.5, 54.3, 27.6, 70.85 & 48.15 micrograms per gram of dried sediment. Normal aliphatic hydrocarbons (C10-C 30) were determined in water & sediment. Annual average and the summer and winter values for normal aliphatic hydrocarbons in water were 258.7, 217.8 & 299.6 micrograms per liter and for sediment were 5726.8, 12616.8 & 2132.2 micrograms per gram of dried sediment.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Pollution ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hormozgan Province ; Bandar-e-Lengeh ; Artificial reef ; Heavy metals ; Aliphatic normal hydrocarbons ; Physicochemical parameters ; Survey ; Pollutants ; Sampling ; Temperature ; pH ; Transparency ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Sediments
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    Monitoring infectious agents in L.vannamei farms in choebdeh-Abadan (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25262 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 07:28:07 | 25262 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The introduction of L. vannamei to Iran from Hawaii was initiated when high mortality occurred in shrimp farms of Abadan in 2002 than in Bushehr during summer of 2004. Inspection of L. vannamei for infectious agents (Bacteria , virus , fungi and parasite ) , determine total plate count and total vibrio in Bahmanshir Rivers, shrimps and farms water , examination physicochemical factors of farms water , Identification of carriers of wssv in wild shrimp and crabs , the main objectives of this study , which was held in 2007 . 540 shrimp samples (pl12 pl15) and subadults were collected from different shrimp farms in khouzestan province and then check for identity bacteria, fungi and parasite. Also 280 samples of L. vannamei , wild shrimps ( Metapenaeus af inis , Exopalaemon styliferus ) and crabs (Grapsus sp .and Sesarma sp. ) were Collected from Bahmanshir river for virology studies by PCR procedure (Iq2000 kit WSSV , IHHNV , TSV ) . 120 samples of L. vannamei for histopathology had been collected randomly and preserved in Davidson’s fixation and then transferred to 75% ethyl alcohol for storage. (Hepatopancreas gills). Physicochemical parameters of water in culture ponds comprising of pH DO, BOD, NO_3, NO_2, salinity. Total. Hardness and NH3 were measured all over culture period for 340 times. Finally it has been detected 10 genus and species of bacteria consisting of V . alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. proteolyticus , plesiomonas shigelloides ; 6 genus and species of fungi specially Aspergilus niger , Asp.fumigatus and Asp.flavus and two genus of parasites vorticella sp. And Zoothamnium sp. were isolated. Crab (Sesarma sp.) were tested by using Iq2000 diagnostic kit for WSSV that positive for WSSV. There was a positive result (three viruses TSV, IHHNV and WSSV) for postlarvae and subadults of L.vannamei by using Iq2000 kit and IFRO kit (Internal kit). Histopathological studies have shown inclusion bodies of TSV, WSSV, IHHNV, MBV and HPV in various tissues. Results demonstrated the mean of vibrio count (0. 01×103 - 1.96 ×103) and tolal plate count (0 .21 ×103 - 14.25 ×10 3). physicochemical parameters of water were measured as follows : salinity (12.3 22.5 ppt ).BOD5 ( 1.98 10.21 ppm ) , DO (3.17 11.25 ppm ) , NH3(0.02 3.45 ppm ) and temperature (20 31. 5 c) . Keywords: L.vannamei, bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite Histo pathology - physicochemical parameters of water- Abadan khouzestan province.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khouzestan Province ; Abadan ; Choebdeh ; Bahmanshir River ; L.Vannamei ; Bacteria ; Virus ; Fungi ; Parasite ; Histopathology ; Physicochemical parameters of water ; Mortality ; Shrimp ; Metapenaeus affinis ; Exopalaemon styliferus ; Grapsus sp. ; Sesarma sp. ; Aspergilus niger ; Asp. Fumigatus ; Asp. Flavus ; Temperature
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    Utility improvement of brackish water cultural earth ponds of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through establishing enclosure medium (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25299 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 08:25:10 | 25299 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Considering increase in production of earth ponds in brackish water condition, this research carried out at Bafgh fisheries research station to improve efficiency and production of brackish water cultural earth ponds of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This study was performed in four 0.5ha earth ponds in two treatments with two replications. Each treatment included two earth ponds so that fish farmed in two culture mediums consisting open medium and %20 enclosure medium of pond (pen medium).for this purpose 20% of earth pond s space separated via a fixed net wall with 15mm in mesh. In this research some main growth equations and economical factors were studied. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, Pierson, Toki, Dankan, Dant analysis and also descriptive statistics. The significant differences were determined in %5 level. Since there was a connection between pen medium with free one, no signs based upon disturbance observed in measured environmental factors in this space. Statistical results indicated a significant increase in %WG, %FE, % SGR, %CF and final biomass in pen medium treatment(p〉0.05). According to economic results, this treatment also differed significantly from open medium treatment about ratio of marketable size production and net income so that yield quantity and production income increased. Therefore, through pen culture in 0.5 ha earth ponds and likely larger ones, utility and production of farm improve and can be a good approach for farmers in order to better exploitation of possibilities and facilities.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bafgh ; Surrounding medium ; Earth pond ; Rainbow trout ; Utility ; Brackish water ; Culture ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Growth ; Yield
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    Breeding and reproduction of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25297 | 18721 | 2018-09-07 08:04:10 | 25297 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Mazandaran and Gorgan provinces have temperate climate, thus they have more potential for aquatic animal culture. There are thousands hectare of salt and useless lands in adjacent to Caspian Sea. As these areas have provided a favorable back ground for aquatic animal culture. As a result, the successful results obtained from imported gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) culture project in north climate, it has demonstrated that the gray mullet has a good biocharacteristic for culturing in pond enclosure environment and in different aquatic conditions (fresh water, brackish water and salt water). From 1998 until 2001, the broodstock yield and gray mullet artificial propagation projects were performed by fisheries research center of Mazandaran in Ghomishan prawn culture station in adjacent to Caspian Sea (East north of Mazandaran Province). This investigation executed during two stages (phases). At first stage, the goal of this project included the survey of possibility available about matured fish as well as induction of final maturation and artificial propagation for producing of broodstock and larva. In addition, in this way, we will obtain new information about gray mullet propagation and culture as marine species. We introduce mass production in aquaculture. At present research, the possibility of broodstock yield and artificial propagation of gray mullet have investigated by gray mullet fingerlings imported from Hong kong and then they have cultured in earth ponds of Ghomishan areas during five years (1994-1998). In order to broodstock production in spring 1998, two earth ponds (0.5 hectare) were prepared. 100 specimens of fish stock (1-2.5 kg weight average and 5 years of age) placed in each pond. For providing of suitable water and nutrition, fish were fed by food containing rich protein (40%) with 3-5% body weight and maintained in water with 30-35 ppt salinity. The survey of sexual maturation was performed by sampling of sexual glands through year. There were four stages in dominant female broodstocks. This survey indicated that oocytes have emerged stage 1 (immature) from March to June, stage 2 (yolk vesicle) in September and stage 4 (yolk globule) in October. Three stages (first, second and third) of yolk formation in oocytes will occur but these stages take place in October, December and January respectively. It's obvious that oocytes will progress into the end of third stage (yolk formation) and then their growth was arrested. Ovum with 600 m diameter was observed when the water temperature declined less than 18 c and day time was short (from middle autumn to middle winter), on that time, fish were induced by hormone because lack of final maturation and ovulation, therefore, natural spawning was not occurred in pond condition. Furthermore, artificial propagation of mugil cephalus was occurred by hormonal induction. Hormonal induction was utilized by inject of many hormones (LHRH, Cph, HCG). Using different components of hormones and also their different doses obtained the best results from broodstock that the average ovum diameter was about 600 m. Several types hormones which were injected into gray mullet with two or several intermittent (24 h intervals) along with 20-25 c temperature and 30-35 ppt salinity. This condition can provide stage 4 maturity for fertilization. Totally (as whole), three intermittent fertilization was necessary for exiting of larva, larva production in first, second and third intermittents that were 2000, 2500 and 300 specimens respectively. Larva fed on chlorella algae and rotifera and they have maintained for 14-15 days. The results of obtainable research indicated the possibility of gray mullet broodstock production in cultural condition, artificial propagation and larva production. This research took place for the first time in north climate of Iran.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandaran Province ; Gorgan ; Ghomishan ; Gray mullet ; Mugil cephalus ; Broodstock ; Production ; Yield ; Artificial propagation ; Hormone ; Temperature ; Culture ; Maturation ; Fingerlings ; Earthen ponds ; Ovum ; Spawning ; Breeding ; Reproduction
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    Survey the effects of live rainbow trout handling on fish meat quality (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25321 | 18721 | 2018-09-08 16:49:00 | 25321 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This research was performed to survey the live handling condition of Rainbow trout in Tehran province and determine the effects of this method on the quality of the flesh regarding with water binding capacity, pH changes, moisture, fat and protein content in different seasons of year. Based on reviews of Questionnaires, there were 20 main live rainbow trout sale centers in Tehran. 10 numbers of these were in fruit and vegetable centers of municipality and others were out of these centers. Live fish handling to in these areas mainly was performed from fish farms located in the Haraz road (85 percent), farms of Firoozkooh road (10 percent) and others were (5 percent) from neighboring provinces. The results of this study indicated that current methods of live handling in Tehran (the transporting time 4 h and the density of fish in tank 100-150 kg /m^2) meat quality of transported trout was not affected. Water holding capacity of transported fish was less than caught fish in the fields. This amount was reached to lowest level in in summer as well as the differences between the two groups were significant (P〈0.05). Also, when a meat pH level was elevated, water holding capacity was reduced. In summer, the amount of WHC in transported fish was 13.4% that was a highest value between the seasons. Appears that in the summer, high temperature and increasing kinds of stresses to fish during handling due to excessive accumulation of metabolites such as ammonia, muscle energy sources emptied because of high activity. In this condition, falling of pH during postmortem changes being moderated and lead to increase drip loss in the transported sample.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Iran ; Tehran province ; Haraz ; Firoozkooh ; Live Handling ; Rainbow trout ; Meat quality ; Seasons ; pH ; Moisture ; Fat ; Protein ; Temperature ; Sample
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    The effect of thyroxine (T4) on prematurating in female, on survival percent, growth and development of egg and larval in rainbow trout, grass carp, silver carp and barbell of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25118 | 18721 | 2018-08-22 02:17:23 | 25118 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Studies show that thyroxine can play an important role in regulating growth and other physiology activities. Since the direct role of thyroxine in growth metamorphose larval of bony fishes hasn't been proved yet, during the experiment accomplished in Shahid Ansari and Jajrood station, the hormones function in the survival of development of silver carp, grass carp and rainbow trout were studied. In this study accomplished of thyroxine baths with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 ppm (with 3 repeat). The other phase, thyroxine injected to females grass carp, silver carp, rainbow trout and barbell of Caspian Sea with different doses (1, 10 and 100 g/g B.W.). Tehn survival of development of embryo and larval and precent of fertilization were studied. Also, the percent of mortality were compared in two phases in stages of development. Results show that: 1) Trout: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was 8.58% that was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 2) Silver carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were (20%) increased to other treatment (P〈0.5). b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 10 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 3) Grass carp: a) Phase of thyroxine bath: The number of hatching eggs and survival of larval in 0.5 ppm were 39% increased to other treatment. b) Phase of hormone injection: The survival of larval in treatment of 1 g/g was meaningful difference to other treatment (P〈0.05). 4) Barbel of Caspian Sea: Development stages wasn't determined in this fish. Number of eggs degenerated, number of eggs were the first development stages and growth of numbers increased on ovary.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Thyroxine ; Female ; Survival ; Growth ; Egg ; Larval ; Grass Carp ; Silver Carp ; Thyroxine (T4)
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    Study of water's physico-chemical characteristics in the southern Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25337 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 12:43:04 | 25337 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of water during four season and 8 transects (Astara, Anzali, Sefidroud, Tonekabon, Nowhshar, Babolsar, Amirabad, Bandar Tourkman) in the Southern of Caspian Sea in 2009-2010. 480 samples were collected at different water layers and then physicochemical parameters were measured based on standard methods. Result of this study showed that surface water temperature was varied from 7.2 to 29.8◦C in winter and summer, respectively. Minimum fluctuation of water temperature was observed at 100 m depth (6.8-10.3◦C). Mean value of water transparency was obtained 4.91±0.24 m. This value increased from inshore to offshore. pH value was fluctuated from 7.15 to 8.83 unit with variance of 1.54. Maximum DO concentration was observed at surface layer (8.40±0.08 mg/l) with 137±18 saturation and minimum was at 100 m depth (6.46±0.18) with 86.1±2.8 saturation. The nitrite, nitrate and ammonium concentration were ranged 0.0-0.2, 0.0-4.6 and 0.05-7.12 µM, respectively. Maximum value of TN was observed at inshore and minimum at offshore (100m). Nitrite concentration decreased from inshore to offshore but increased from surface to the bottom (100 m). The inorganic phosphorous increased at surface water and also at the bottom. Trend of inorganic and TP was similar. Minimum of N/P ratio were observed at summer (5.48±0.38) and maximum value at winter (9.13±0.46). This value of N/P ratio showed that the growth of phytoplankton was limited by nitrogen. The dissolved silicate was decreased from spring (230.7±6.65 µg/l) to winter.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Astara ; Anzali ; Tonekabon ; Nowhshar ; Babolsar ; Bandar Tourkman ; Sefiroud River ; Water ; Physico-chemical parameters ; Temperature ; pH ; Phosphorous ; Phytoplankton ; Nitrogen ; Dissolved silicate ; Fluctuation
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    Hydrology, hydrobiology and environmental pollution in the southern of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25325 | 18721 | 2018-09-12 10:04:00 | 25325 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The phytoplankton, zooplankton, Macrobenthos and ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi with Physico-chemical parameters and pollutants of water were investigated in the Caspian Sea during 2007-2008. The sample station located between 48° to 54° longitude and 36° to 39° latitude. The samples were gathered in four seasons and eight transects (half-line perpendicular to the coast) in Astara, Anzali, Sefidrud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Turkmen. Sampling was done of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100M depth of different layers. Nonparametric test and multivariate analysis (PCA) were used for statistical methods. Physico-chemical factors: The results showed that the changes of physico-chemical factors, includes: water temperature, salinity, organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen (ammonium) are most important than other factors. The lowest sea surface water temperature was recorded in winter (7.2°C) and highest in summer (29.8 °C) (p〈0.05). However, there was not significant difference at 50 and 100m depths in different seasons (p〉0.05). The lowest salinity was recorded in winter (10.42±0.14ppt) (p〈0.05) and the rest of the seasons, there was not significant difference (p〉0.05). The most inorganic nitrogen was determined (ammonium ion: 40.8±2 µg.l^-1) in winter and the highest organic nitrogen (660.6±92 µg.l^-1) in summer (p〈0.05). The concentration of inorganic nitrogen was evident from the surface layer to a depth of 100 meters (p〈0.05), but this trend was not observed in inorganic nitrogen (p〉0.05).The maximum concentrations of total nitrogen were measured at the near-shore stations (640.6±28 µg.l^-1). The annual average water transparency was 4.91±0.24 m and increased in away from the beach (p〈0.05). Phytoplankton: in total, 191 species of phytoplankton were identified. The phylum of phytoplankton include: Bacillariophyta with 97 species (50.8%), Chlorophyta with 28 species (14.7%), Pyrrophyta with 26 species (13.6%), Cyanophyta with 25 species (13.1%) and Euglenophyta with 15 species (7.9%). Bacillariophyta and Euglenaphyta were had the most (51.49%) and the lowest (0.39%) abundance respectively. Nevertheless, Pyrrophyta and Chlorophyta were having the most (53.14%) and the lowest (0.54%) biomass respectively. Mean abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the photic and the aphotic layers were a significant difference (p〈0.05). The average abundance and biomass decreased with increasing depth (p〈0.05). The most abundant and biomass phytoplankton was determined in the photic layer. Abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in the different seasons have been significant differences (p〈0.05).The most abundance of phytoplankton was in winter, fall, summer and spring respectively (p〈0.05) and the most biomass of phytoplankton was in winter, fall, spring and summer respectively (p〈0.05). Zooplankton: Also, 14 species of zooplankton include: 2 species of Copepoda, 5 species of Rotatoria, 2 species of Protozoa, 3 species of Cladocera, 2 species of newborn and larvae of Balanus and larvae of Bivalvia from meroplankton group were identified. However, the dominant zooplankton population was divided into three groups of copepoda, Rotatoria and meroplankton. Mean abundance and biomass of zooplankton in different seasons and layers showed significant different (p〈0.05). The most abundance and biomass of them in winter and the photic layer was determined. The mean abundance of Rotifera, Cladocera and protozoa in different depth was having not significant differences (p〉0.05). However, there was significantly in other groups (p〈0.05). The most abundance of them was in photic layer. Ctenophore: Average abundance and biomass of Mnemiopsis leidyiwere recorded 63±7 ind.m^-3 and 7.70±2.34 g.m^-3, respectively. The maximum seasonal average of abundance was 150 ± 17 ind.m^-3 while the maximum biomass was 26.59± 4.61 g.m^-3 in summer (p〈0.05). The lowest seasonal average of M. leidyi abundance and biomass were in the winter (6±2 ind.m-3 and 0.07±0.02 g.m^-3, respectively) (p〈0.05).The average annual abundance and biomass of ctenophore were not significant difference in the 8 transects (p〉0.05). The maximum of ctenophore abundance and biomass were belonged to the depth of low than 20m (p〈0.05). The maximum of ctenophore abundance and biomass were recorded in the 5m depth of Anzali with 639 ind.m^-3 and 158 g.m^-3, respectively. Results of biological and non-biological factors showed that significant changes between euphotic and aphotic layers (p〈0.05).There were the most seasonal changes in the euphotic layer. The results showed that the presence of ctenophore is highly related to the presence of the zooplankton and phytoplankton and some non-biological factors. The water temperature is a limiting factor in the ctenophore Fluctuation at the winter, because of food presence (phytoplankton, zooplankton and Nutrients), M. leidyi have had the lowest abundance. Macrobenthos: Three phyla of macrobenthos (arthropoda, annelida and mollusca) include: 5 classes (crustacea, insecta, polycheata, oligocheata and bivalvia), 8 orders, 11 families, 26 genera and 24 species were identified. The most abundance and biomass of orders in the different seasons were belonged to polycheata (annual average: 2452±258 g.m^-2) and bivalvia (annual average: 25±6 g.m^-2), respectively. Macrobenthic abundance in all orders except insecta and oligocheata in different seasons was significant difference. The amount of seabed total organic mater (TOM) from the 5m to 100m stations was with an increasing trend and the highest percentage had in the 50m and 100m stations (P〈0.05). The percentage of seabed TOM was not significant difference in the different transect (P〈0.05). However, seabed grain size had significant difference (P〈0.05) and seabed grain size from the 5m to 100m stations was with a decrease trend in the size (P〈0.05). Macrobenthos and physicochemical parameters of correlation matrix showed that macrobenthos abundance in the between parameters have a positive correlation with TOM. However, it biomass with pH (positive), inorganic phosphorus (positive) and organic phosphorus (negative) have a correlation. Heavy metals: The levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) of water had lower than standard and acceptable for aquatic life. Significant accumulation of metals such as Co, Cu and Cr in the sediment was observed at transect Sefidrud and Anzali and Ni at transects Sefidrud and Astara in comparison with six other transects (P〈0.05). Petroleum compounds (16PAHs): Concentration levels changes of petroleum compounds in seawater in different seasons was significant (P〈0.05) and in seasons of spring, summer, fall and winter was 56.5, 9.3, 14.9 and 19.3 of percent respectively. However, the concentration values in sediments of the sea in different seasons and transects were not significant difference. Maximum concentrations in summer and in Astara transects (8.02 mg.kg^-1) were determined. In correlation matrix, observed positive correlation between petroleum compounds and Cr, Ni and Pb in sediments of seabed and between petroleum compounds and Zn in seawater. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs): The OCPs concentration of seawater in different seasons had significant difference (p〈0.05). The pesticides groups of DDT, BHC, Drin and Endosulfan in seawater in different seasons had significant difference (p〈0.05), but, it was not found in Heptachlor group (p〉0.05). The maximum concentration values of OCPs in all groups in seawater were determined in winter (99%) (p〈0.05). The seawater OCPs concentration in comparison of regional and stations were not had significant differences (p〉0.05). The only DDT group in the seabed sediment had significant difference in different seasons (P〈0.05) and the maximum of seasonal average, it was determined in summer (Average: 0.88±062 mg.Kg^-1 and Max: 4.5 mg.Kg^-1). However, in comparison of regional were not had significant differences (p〉0.05). In correlation matrix, the groups of Endosolfan and Drins in seawater and sediment were had equal variance and the changes were included. There was high correlation of between Endosulfan and Drin with DDT group in seawater and with Heptachlor group in the sediment of seabed. Surfactant: Mean surfactant concentration (LAS) between different seasons had significant difference (P〈0.05). The maximum concentrations of LAS were in spring and summer (Anzali transect) was 0.084 mg.l^-1 and 0.082 mg.l^-1, respectively. Also, average concentrations in the spring: 0.06±0.003 mg.l^-1, summer: 0.059±0.004 mg.l^-1, winter: 0.042±0.003 mg.l^-1 and fall: 0.031 ± 0.013 mg.l^-1 was determined. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the study area and station (p〉0.05). Based on existing standards, Surfactant concentration in the southern Caspian Sea region was not critical.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Astara ; Anzali ; Tonekabon ; Noshahr ; Babolsar ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Pollutant ; Physico-chemical parameters ; Macrobenthos ; Sampling ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Phylum ; Bacillariophyta ; Chlorophyta ; Cyanophyta ; Euglenophyta ; Biomass ; Copepoda ; Species ; Protozoa ; Larvae ; Heavy metals
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    Feasibility study on Intensive polyculture of chainess and Indian carps in I.R.IRAN (Giulan province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25354 | 18721 | 2018-09-13 13:02:58 | 25354 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: 500000 juvenile Indian majour carps (Labeo rohita,Cirhinus merigala, Catla catla) imported (2004) and transferred to the earthen ponds in Shahid Ansari Carp Breeding Center , In order to assess the viability of rearing under the climatic condition of north part of Iran and also achieve some growth parameters from the larval stage to market size.The fry with 300 mg weight, were released in to 8 ponds.specimens were separated to tree experimental categories: 1= (Labeo rohita) , 2= (Cirhinus merigala) , 3= (Catla catla). fishes were fed with artificial food and also with the natural products of the ponds which were enriched with organic fertilizers, after being equally stocked in the ponds .During the experiment, oxygen level ,PH, turbidity, and temperature were measured . Monthly fry samples were taken, for weight and length biometrical analysis and also determination of the weight gain percentage, average daily growth rate, specific growth rate. Results have indicated adaptations and considerable growth in this species, with an increase from the initial weight of 300 mg to an average of 13.5±1.6 mg in 50 days period until the end of November for fingerlings. Also the average weight of growing phase (second year of production) was 647g. For Labeo rohita ,420 g. for Cirhinus merigala and 734g. For Catla catla. The special growth rate(SGR)in Roho was 4.51 %.and 3.9 % for merigal and6.2 % for Catla while for Chinees carps SGR was 4.9, 6.7, 7.6 and 5.8 for silver carp,grass carp, common carp and big head respectively. Results revealed that the Indian majour carps compatibility with the condition in Gilan province was succesfull and the combination of species and optimization of their compatibility were remind for further studies.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Indian carp ; Growth ; Labeo Rohita ; Cirhinus merigala ; Catla catla ; Juvenile ; Breeding ; Rearing ; Growth ; Larval stage ; Fry ; Artificial food ; Oxygen level ; pH ; Turbidity ; Temperature ; Species
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    Survey of preservatives on shelf life of silver carp burger (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25126 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:44:22 | 25126 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this research in order to assess the possibility of antioxidant effects in quality protection and increase the shelf alife of fish burgers, ascorbic acid as a antioxidant by natural source used in raw uncoated fish burgers and in order to comparison by vacuum packaging, 3 treatments of uncoated fish burgers produced from cultivated silver carp: 1- burgers by common packaging (control) 2- burgers by vacunm packaging 3- burgers by 500ppm Ascorbic acid. Also in order to comparison BHA+BHT antioxidants (that have synergistic effects to each other) effect by vacuum packaging to prevention of lipid oxidation in semi-fried fish burgers 3 other treatments produced too: 1- burgers by common packaging (control) 2- burgers by vacunm packaging 3-burgers by 200 ppm BHA+BHT antioxidants comparatively to fats of product. All of the burgers after production and freezing conserved in -18°c for 6 months (Raw uncoated burgers) and one year (Semi-fried coated burgers). During the storage period chemical, microbiological, and organoleptic tests were down by three repetition monthly. Although peroxide value in raw uncoated fish burgers were higher than standard range even from first month but it seems this factor is not suitable for quality evaluation of uncoated raw fish burgers. Evaluation of TBA index in raw uncoated fish burgers during storage time showed at the end of storage period TBA index for control, vacuum and ascorbic acid treatments were 6.31, 4.76 and 1.29 mg malonaldehyde/kg respectively and taste scores were 5.11, 5.42 and 6.16 respectively. Results indicate the positive effects of ascorbic acid to prevention of lipid oxidation. By attention to TVN, TBA and organoleptic tests 4 mounths for treatments without ascorbic acid by vacuum packaging preference and 6 months shelf life for ascorbic acid treatment have suggested in -18°c temperature. For semi fried fish burger 28 prevention effect for lipid oxidation but vacuum packaging had 32 (without significantly difference,P〉0.05). so we can for %BHA+BHT treatment this property was recommend the use of vacuum packaging instead of antioxidant treatment. By attention to TVN, pH, PV, TBA and microbiological and organoleptic tests we can suggest the 8 months for shelf life time of semi fried fish burgers. In this product TVN was the only limitation factor and exeeded from standard range at 9th month of maintenance.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Iran ; Survey ; Silver Carp ; Burger ; Ascorbic acid ; BHA ; BHT ; Lipid ; organoleptic temperature ; Temperature ; Vacuum packaging ; Common packaging ; Fish
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    Limnological study on Zarrineh River (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25128 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:26:24 | 25128 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Limnological studies of the Zarrineh River have been performed in order to identify physicochemical and biological characteristics of this river. Water samples from 14 sites along the river length were examined monthly during a year. The results indicated the river was polluted by Saghez and Miandoab Cities sewage to the extent of poly saprob, the extent of pollution at other sites was within the limits of oligo saprob or meso saprob. The results also showed that all dissolved and mineral compositions in this river was safe for drinking but iron concentration and water hardness in the terminal sites near the Urmia Lake are higher than EPA standards for drinking . This cannot, however, pose serious problem for warm water fish culture activities. Domestic sewage seem to be the most important pollution source to this river. Although the self-purification capacity of this river seem to be high but large number of polluting sites along the river exceed this capacity.
    Keywords: Limnology ; Iran ; Miandoab city ; Saghez city ; Zarrineh River ; Urmia Lake ; Limnological ; Pollution ; Mineral ; Fish ; Culture
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    A survey on effects of shrimp aquaculture on the coastal waters of Bushehr (Helleh region) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25130 | 18721 | 2018-08-26 13:37:55 | 25130 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This survey was designed in the Helleh and Delvar regions, to understand effects of aquaculture industry on coastal waters of Bushehr, in 2003. In Delvar region, five stations were selected comprise; effluent canals of Delvar 18 and 14, sea (south and north of site), influent water (Piyazi bay). In Helleh region, two stations; effluent canal and Ramleh bay were selected. Sediment and water samples were collected from effluent canal, influent canal and sea during the 9 month period (before until after culture season). The variations of selected water quality parameters were controlled monthly. Results show that, the maximum amount of ammonium in Helleh region was 0.33 mg/lit and in regions of Delvar 18 and 14 were 0.19, 0.20 mg/lit. However the maximum amounts of phosphate in Helleh region was 0.26 mg/lit and in regions of Delvar 18 and 14 were 0.24, 0.23 mg/lit. Correlation coefficients assess between phosphate concentration of effluent canal and sea station (gate of Ramleh) in Helleh region was r=0.91 (α=0.01). Also correlation coefficients
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bushehr Province ; Helleh region ; Survey ; Aquaculture ; Sediment ; Samples ; Culture ; Coastal waters ; Shrimp ; Parameters ; Water quality ; Comparison
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    Study of effect of nereis diversicolor in growth and survival of Acipenser persicus larvae (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25390 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:50:08 | 25390 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The present research aimed to study effect of Nereis worm in feeding, growth, survival and carcass biochimical compositions of persian sturgeon larvae. Five diets including zooplankton (100%) as the control (Z), Nereis diversicolor worm (100%), a mix of Nereis and zooplankton (50% for each), a mix of Nereis, zooplankton and concentrate food (33% for each) with 3 replicates were established. At first, Nereis worms were cultured up to the weight of 200 mg according to the protocol done in the International Sturgeon Research Institute. Required zooplanktons were obtained for Dr. Beheshti Sturgeon Rearing and propagation center. Concentrate food was also made in the ISRI. Persian sturgeon larvae with the average weight of 95.66 mg were put in 60-Liter tank (60 larvae in each tank) under the same physical and chemical parameters of water. 8 days after the beginning of active feeding, they were fed five times a day with experimental dites based on 20-30% of their weight for 15 days. Water quality parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH values were recorded daily. The average of temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen during the test were 22.8±1.3ºc, 7.5±0.1 and 6.58±0.9 mg/l respectively. At the end of this period, condition factor (k), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion rate (FCR), weight gain (WG) and Body weight index (BWI) were calculated. Total fat and fatty acids profile were analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant difference between growth indexes and food consumption (p〈0.05). BWI, GR and SGR indices showed no significant difference between N and NZ treatment, but the average of these indices were higher in NZ treatment. The most and the least average of SGR, BWI were observed in NZ and NZC treatments respectively. Condition factor showed no significant difference in all diets except NZ. FCR had no significant difference between N and NZ as well as after diets. The highest and the lowest survival rate was observed in N treatment (96.11±1.46%) and NZC (85.55±3.37%) respectively. The results of carcass analysis showed that there is a strong correlation between fatty acids of body and fat resources of diets. According to the significant difference in growth rate between treatments (p〈0.05), the larvae fed with N diet presented a better performance compared with others. These results indicate that cultured sturgeon larvae need n-3 and n-6 series of fatty acids in their diet.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Acipenser persicus ; Nereis diversicolor ; Growth ; Survival ; Fatty acids ; Larvae ; Feeding ; Persian sturgeon ; Zooplankton ; Dissolved oxygen ; Temperature ; pH ; SGR
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    Laboratory culture of Artemia urmiana using Isfahan province drainages (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25380 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:58:08 | 25380 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Esfahan province is located in center of Iran at 51° 31 ' E and 33° 29 ' N with area near 15745 Km^2 that consists of 9 percent of the country. According to cilianinof scale it enjoys an arid climate. The mean annual precipitation is equal to 135 mm. Average annual temperature is 16.8°C and mean annual evaporation is 2435 mm in Gavkhoni catchment's area. It has several drainages channels such as north and south rodashtain, segzi drainage, main drainage of water supply organization channel, fender drainage, main drainage, Marchi class II drainage and other drainage channels. Their waterdebi volume is equal to 900l/s. Also, their water can not use for agriculture, drinking and industrial purposes due to high salinity. This study was concluded to optimal use of these water resources aiming at possibilities of culture and propagation of Artemia from Urmia Lake. In this study, physicochemical factors analysis of water, the climate profile, and fauna and flora of the region were identified and determined. In rodashtain region drainages, 2 sites in varzaneh and Sian drainages from gavkhoni wetland limitation were chosen and studied. Water samples in 50-100 liter volumes were taken from their run off waters with 3 replicates. Artemia cysts were hatched under standard laboratory condition according to Lavens and Sorgeloos, 1996). Cyst hatching was carried out in 1.5 liter conical zooks 2 g of Artemia cyst per one liter of drainage water was added to each treatment together with one evidence. Hatching percentage and hatching efficiency were determined. Hatching percentage and hatching efficiency after 76 hours were equal to 55±10 percent and 92000±1200 Nauplii/g cyst in the evidence with tap water and 27±5 % and 31000±1000 in varzaneh drainage water and 13±5 % and 11000±1000 in Sian drainage waters, respectively. Then, all hatched nauplii were cultured in 3 aquarium containing each 100 liters together with one evidence with 3 replicates containing 50 liters in each aquarium in laboratory. Nauplii were fed using a suspension with rice bran, Dunaliella and Naunochlorepsis with density of 2 ×10^ 6 cell/ml. The growth of Artemia Nauplii was slow at the first week of culture and then continued with suitable norm and lower mortality until maturation. The mean size of Nauplii length reached to 9 mm after 2 weeks. Their fecundity was 50 cyst per female. The drainage waters of studied sites can be used as a suitable water source at semi- industrial Artemia production pilot in the region.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Esfahan province ; Artemia urmiana ; Drainage ; Artemia culture ; Propagation ; Laboratory ; Culture
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    The study on culture of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by new design of foster-lucas ponds (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25384 | 18721 | 2018-09-14 07:53:44 | 25384 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Intensive culture of rainbow trout, usually done using several different methods. The objective of this study was to compare fish performance and welfare in a new design of Foster-lucas ponds (FLP) and a raceway ponds (RP) under field conditions. Currennt study was designed in two treatment with three repeats. Each pond was randomly stocked by rainbow trout fish with initial average weight of approximately 51±5 g. stocking density was 120n/m3 during study. After 10 months of trial, fish fed diets with commercial diet (Chineh Company). Feeding operation conducted according to the manuals by consideration of water temperature, fish weight and biomass. During the 10 months experiment, the fish survival rate was high (97.39 and 98.05%). No significant differences in growth parameters were observed between RP and FLP, but in all parameters FLP was higher than RP Final weight was 0.99% higher in FLP than in RP. Water quality factors (Dissolved oxygen, PH) was better in FLP. The results confirm that when water quality is maintained in safe level ranges, growth rate of rainbow trout attained in FLS are comparable to those in RP.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Rainbow trout ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Fish culture ; New design of Foster-lucas pond ; Raceway ponds ; Culture ; Stocking ; Density ; Diet ; Feeding ; Temperature ; Biomass ; Growth ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH
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    Study of physico-chemical Characteristics of water in the southern of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25387 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 11:19:25 | 25387 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to physico-chemical characteristics of water in the Iranian coastal of southern Caspian Sea during four seasons at 8 transects (Astra, Anzali, Sefidrud, Tonekabon, Nowshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Bandar Turkman) during 2009-2010. 480 samples were collected at different layers of water and then analyzed based on standard methods. Results showed that the mean of water temperature were 18.67±0.32 and 17.82±0.43 ◦C at the surface and euphotic layer, respectively. Minimum and maximum of water temperature were recorded in winter (6.40) and summertime (27.60). In addition, temperature gradient was ranged between 12 to 15 ◦C at 20 to 50 layers in 50 and 100m depths. Mean of salinity was 11.04±0.17 g/l at euphotic layer. Pearson correlation between temperature and salinity was positively significant. Therefore, maximum salinity was recorded in summer and minimum in winter. Mean of transparency (SD) in the present study was 4.35±0.21 m which compared to the pervious sampling period (2008) showed small decrease, but the mean of pH was observed 8.43±0.01 which was higher than the previous sampling period (2008). The mean of DO and DO% were observed 5.72±0.06 ml/l and 130±1 percent at euphotic layer during sampling period. The mean of DO% was recorded 104±5 at euphotic layer in 1996 (before introduction of Mnemeiopsis leidyi), but the study in the years 2004, 2008 and present (one decade after introduction of Mnemeiopsis leidyi) this value was registered higher than 120% at euphotic layer. This shows that trophic status of Caspian ecosystem shifted from oligotrophy (before introduction of Mnemeiopsis leidyi) to meso-eutrophy (after introduction of Mnemiopsis leidyi). Annual concentration of inorganic nitrogen (DIN= NH^4 +, NO^2-, NO^3-) has a fairly wide variation. Percentage of nitrogen components out of DIN were varied 9-98, 0.2-28.2 and 0.0-90.0 respectively. In this study, percentage of DIN was lower than 15% and organic nitrogen (DON) was higher than 80%. Overall, results showed that water temperature, salinity, transparency and DON were recorded lower than the previous study (2008), but DO, DO%, pH, NH^4+, NO^3- and DSi were higher than the previous sampling period. Inorganic phosphorous (DIP) and NO^2- have not changed substantially. N/P ratio of Caspian Sea has a narrow range which order of magnificent lower than other seas. The results of the present study showed that Caspian ecosystem was nitrogen limitation before introduction of Mnemiopsis leidyi, while it seems that after introduction of Mnemiopsis leidyi the system has been shifted to the phosphorous limitation.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Astra ; Anzali ; Tonekabon ; Nowshahr ; Babolsar ; Sefidrud River ; Physico-chemical parameters ; Nutrients ; Water ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Euphotic layer ; Sampling ; Mnemeiopsis leidyi ; Oligotrophy
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    The purification of Cochlodinium. Sp and a comparative research on its mass cultivation (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25391 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 11:27:50 | 25391 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Cochlodinium is a dinoflagel that, with their bloom in the coastal water of worlds, can case fish mortality. Cochlodinium was detected in Persian Gulf, since 2008. After purification of C. polykricoides with light, the culture of cochlodinium, with medium of f/2 (modified), Guilard (f/2-Si), TMRL, Conway, ESM and the mixed of sea shore sediment with salt water (32 ppt) was done. The culture of cochlodinium in test tube, erlanmeyer with volume of 200-1000 ml and aquariums with the volume of 16 liter (each with 10 liter water) with three replicates in each treatment were done. Only the culture of cochlodinium with f/2 (modyfied) was possible in the aquarium. The culture of cochlodinium with TMRL medium in aquarium was not desirable and only in one aquarium from 3 aquariums, the density of cochlodinium reached to 910.000. cell per liter. The use of f/2 (modyfied) medium in the test tubes, and erlanmeyers, with the volume of 100-1000 ml, lead to suitable cochlodinium bloom. The maximum cell density in total treatments (with 3 replicates in each treatment) in test tube 3.283.000. cell (in 15 days), in erlanmeyer with 200 ml volume, 6.393.000. cells (in 22 days), in erlanmeyer with 500 ml volume, 2.833.000. cells (in 40 days) and in aquarium 3.600 .000. cells (in 46 days) counted. Cochlodinium culture with TMRL Medium in test tube and erlanmeyer was done successfully, but with the increase of erlanmeyer volume, the blooms of cochlodinium was lesser than f/2 (modyfied) medium. The maximum of cell count of TMRL Medium in test tube 2.683.000. cells (in 12 days), in erlanmeyer with 100 ml volume, 3.207.000. cells (in 36 days), in erlanmeyer with 250 ml 3.040.000. cells (in 18 days), in erlan with 1000 ml 2.325.000. cells (in 34 days) and in aquarium 550.000. cells (in 28 days) in each litre. Unsuccessful culture of cochlodinium with Conway medium, Gyllard (f/2-Si) and mixed salt water (32 ppt) with sea shore sediments, even in the test tube, indicated that these mediums weren’t suitablefor copchlodinium culture. With the increase of erlanmeyer volume, the success of ESM medium decreased. But, in test tube and in erlanmeye with 100 ml volum, was almost, successful. We can concluded that, cochlodinium culture required, special condition and medium, that in f/2 (modyfied) medium the culture of cochlodinium was successful. The maximum cochlodinium cell count was 6.5 million per liter in one aquarium. The mean of 3 replicate of this treatment was 3.600.000. cells per liter with f/2 (modified) medium. For culture of cochlodinium polykricoides, the f/2 (modyfied) medium was better than others mediums.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Cochlodinium ; Different culture mediums ; Cell density ; Laboratory condition ; Purification ; Cochlodinium.sp ; Dinoflagel ; Mortality ; C. polykricoides ; Culture ; Aquarium ; Sediments ; Cochlodinium polykricoides
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  • 82
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    Quantitative and qualitative development of shrimp culture in Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25398 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 11:49:39 | 25398 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Primary researches on aquaculture of endemic shrimp species carried out since 1984-5 by Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) .After a decade, the condition for extension and development of shrimp culture in the country prepared. Despite huge investment of government for preparation and construction of shrimp sites, only small part of present potential in southern coast of the country is under production. About 18 different shrimp species inhabit in Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman, in which 4 species have larger size, and more abundant, and harvest commercially . Penaeus semisulcatus, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis and Metapenaeus affinis as commercial species distributed throughout of Persian Gulf from mouth of Arvand River in north- west to strait of Hormoz, and also some parts of Oman Sea. While Fenneropenaeus indicus distributed mainly in coastal area of Oman Sea. Shrimp culture begin in Iran by P.semisulcatus, continued by imported Penaeus monodon, and developed by using of F.indicus. After confront to slow growth and viral diseases in 2001 (Khouzestan province) and 2005 (Bushehr Province), at the same time I.F.R.O acquired the bio-technique for production of Litopenaeus vannamei, and hence the condition for introduction the new species to the shrimp culture industry provided. In accordance for development of shrimp culture, I.F.R.O carried out various research activities, and established specific research center for this purpose. Research projects regarding brood-stock management, breeding and larvae production, grow out, water management and disease identification and treatment have been carried, and induced considerable impacts on quantitative and qualitative development of shrimp culture in the country.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Khouzestan Province ; Bushehr Province ; Arvand River ; Shrimp ; Aquaculture ; Quantitative and Qualitative Development ; Culture ; Species ; Fisheries ; Abundant ; Fenneropenaeus merguiensis ; Metapenaeus affinis ; P.semisulcatus ; F.indicus ; Breeding
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    Extracted and encapsulated Omega-3 fatty acids from Hypohthalmichthys molitrix (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25402 | 18721 | 2018-09-20 12:16:17 | 25402 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In Iran, Chinese carps (Common carp, Grass carp, Silver carp and Big head) are cultured by using poly culture methods. Carps have been interested for culture for some properties like easy to farming, fast growth, availability in all season and low lost. In this study, the amount of fatty acid composition in silver carp oil has been evaluated by urea complex method in 1, +5 and -5°C. The fatty acid was purified by crystallization method. The highest amount of fatty acid achieved in 1°C temperature. According to our results, n-3 fatty acid increased but saturated fatty acid and mono unsaturated decreased. Maximum purity of fatty acid in 1, 5 and -5°C temperature was found 67.8, 36.82 and 22.53 percent, respectively. In this project, proximate composition of silver carp meat was also evaluated. The n-3 fatty acid was microencapsulated by mass complex method and different parameters effects such as binding agent, different rate of mixing effect, ion power, different salt concentrations, usage of polyvinyl alcohol and glutaraldeid were studied. Average size of microcapsules in 100,300,500,750 and 1000rpm were found 537.2, 84.4, 12.98, 8.24 and 4 mµ, respectively. Results showed that the best salt concentration for encapsulation was 0.1 molar. In this concentration, the average of microcapsule size was received to 3.3. Using glutaraldeid, mixing glutaraldeid and polyvinyl alcohol and 0.1 molar salt and 1000rpm was prepared the best condition for formation the microcapsule.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; W3 fatty acid ; Silver carp oil ; Urea complex ; Microencapsulate ; Hypohthalmichthys molitrix ; Chinese carps ; Common carp ; Grass carp ; Big head ; Culture ; Growth ; Crystallization method
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    Study of increasing production in trout rearing farms with focusing on water aeration systems and water physical filtration aspect in west Azarbaigan Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25426 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 17:19:13 | 25426 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This research was carried out to determined water reuse effects on growth indices of rainbow trout. For this reason 4 groups includes: control (with use of 100% fresh water), Test 1(rearing with use of 30% recycled water (with physical filtration) and 10% fresh water), Test 2(using of 10% recycled water (with physical filtration) and 30% fresh water), Test 3(using of 100% recycled water) was done. Fish stock of each groups were done with 62 fish in each square meter and average weight (15±1.5).The Growth index, SGR, CF, FCR, SR between different groups in each month was calculated and determined. In this research comparison the average of month growth increment between different groups indicated that significant decrease of growth in test groups with control group and also 1 and 2 groups with 3 group (p〈0.05). There were not considerable differences to comparison this factor between groups 1 and 2(p〉0.05). To comparison FCR, SR, MR has shown a significant difference between different groups to each other (p〈0.05). These results shows that with increasing the replacement of water in rainbow trout culture ponds with recycled water cased significant decrease in SR and CF and significant increase in MR and finally decrease in production and density per unit area (p〈0.05).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Azarbaigan province ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Reused water ; Growth index ; Rearing ; Trout ; Rainbow trout ; SGR ; Culture ; Density
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    Studying molecular 2 species econimic shrimps (P. merguiensis, P. indicus) Northern coast of the Persian Gulf and Oman sea using microsatelitte markers to separating and identificating of their possible populations (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25434 | 18721 | 2018-09-23 16:52:05 | 25434 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study focuses on molecular investigation of two commercial shrimp species of penaeus family namely as : P. merguiensis and P. indicus in order to find and introduce the genetic differentiations and also probable genotypes for monitoring and managing the genetic resources of populations in three major catch areas in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. Only five out of the eight primers for P. merguiensis and four out of the eight primers for P. indicus produced good amplified PCR products with fixed annealing temperature. The rest of the primers were either not easily amplified or produced nonspecific bands. Seven and six alleles were found to be unique to each of the three populations in P.merguiensis and and two populations of P. indicus respectively. Occurrences of heterozygosity deficiency were found at most loci. These heterozygosity deficiencies in observed heterozygosity in compare to expected heterozygosity may be due to inbreeding, genetic drift and consequences of illegal overharvesting of P. merguiensis and P. indicus in the studied areas as well. Deviation from HWE in both studied species was significant in most microsatellite loci (P 〈0.001). We observed deviation from HWE in most loci with hetrozygosity deficits. The genetic variation results showed that the pairwise Fst values were significant between populations in both species. The assignment test for P. merguiensis revealed high gene flow between Hormoz and Jask and restricted genetic flow between Guatr and Hormoz populations .We observed high gene flow between Hormoz and Jask populations for P. indicus. It seems that the changes in immigration patterns of populations between Hormoz, Jask and Guatr areas in both species are depend on the influence of Persian Gulf currents or the life cycle of studied species. Alternatively, the presence of ecological barriers such as mangrove forests may result in restricted genetic flow between Guatr and both Hormoz and Jask populations.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Oman Sea ; Hormoz ; Jask ; Guatr ; Microsatellite markers ; P.merguiensis ; P. indicus ; PCR ; Molecular ; Species ; Genotype ; Population ; Temperature
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    Sperm bank creation of Caspian Sea trout (Salmo trutta caspius) breeders (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25461 | 18721 | 2018-09-26 10:23:40 | 25461 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The Caspian Sea trout (Salmo trutta caspius) is distributed in southern basin of the sea and the natural stocks of this fish is critically endangered. The present study was conducted through the breeding seasons of Caspian Sea trout in January 2012. Estimation of sperm male potential was carried on samples collected from a total of 12 male spawners which included 8 samples (caught 3 years ago) and 4 samples (freshly caught). Semen samples were collected after anesthetized with clove powder for 10 minutes at water temperature of 9-9.4 °C. The differences of mean semen volumes, sperm motility time, sperm density and the percentage of sperm motility from freshly caught spawners (5.5±3.4 ml, 35.5±8.7 sec, 4.3±0.7×109 ml^-1, 32.5 ± 8.5% respectively) were significantly higher than 3 years caught spawners (1.5±0.93 ml, 26.5± 2.8 sec, 1.98±1.6×109 ml^-1, 25.7±9.7 % respectively) (P〈0.05). Also the results showed that there are not significant differences in mean percentage of motility and motility duration between freshly caught sperm from fresh broods and that’s from previously caught (among fresh sperm samples, one, three and eight months of cryopreservation) (P〉0.05).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Sperm cryopreservation ; Percentage of motility ; Sperm bank ; Salmo trutta caspius ; Breeding ; Samples ; Spawners ; Temperature
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    A survey on the effect of Cochlodinium.sp bloom on shrimp culture complexes and hatcheries activities in Bushehr Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25457 | 18721 | 2018-09-25 11:07:08 | 25457 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The aims of this project was to inform and aware about the red tide condition before entering the algal bloomer in water resources to the hatcheries and farmed shrimp complexes in Bushehr province coastal. Field investigation and sampling have been carried out in the southern of the input water channels of Mond, Delvar and Helleh farmed shrimp complexes, which are located along the coastal of Bushehr Province, from April to December 2011 .The physic-chemical parameters such as pH, salinity and water temperature and also meteorological conditions were measured and recorded on the field. The water sampling has been lunched for determination of nutrients and chlorophyll - a, phyto- and zoo- planktons. No Cochlodinium.sp outbreaks have been detected in the studied area, during the study. The only bloom which reported by a fisherman, was outbreak in offshore of Bushehr province in Khoure Khan on 13th September 2011. The sample which transferred to the Iranian National Shrimp Research Institute was included Alexandrium.sp and its density was 2 million cells per liter. The identified phytoplanktons were belonged to three order of Bacillariophyceae (52.6%) with average density of 10778 cells per liter, Dinophyceae (37.7%) with density of 7731 cells per liter and Cyanophyceae (9.7%) with density of 1980 cells. 12 genera belonged to Dinophyceae , 25 genera of Bacillariophyceae and two genera of Cyanophyceae were observed during the study. The highest density of phytoplankton was recorded in Helleh station by 18374 cells per liter. The maximum density of phytoplankton was at Delvar station by 141120 cells per liter in December. The highest density of the phytoplanktons was belonged to Dinophyceae by 126000 by cells per liter of which the Alexandrium.sp had the density of 124500 cells per liter in August 2011. From the Dinophyceae the Alexandrium.sp with mean density of 20345 cells per liter, Ornithocercus 920 cells and Prorocentrum.sp 820 cells were the predominant species. The identified Zooplankton in were belonged to 8 branches and 19 groups. The highest density of zooplankton was recorded in Helleh station by 1194 no. per liter. Nauplii were the dominant zooplankton groups with an average density of 136.4 no. per liter, Tintinnids 98.7, Cyclopoida 60.8, Calanoida 35.7 and Harpacticoids 14.5 no. per liter . The average of water and air temperature was recorded 29.4 °C and 28.3 °C, respectively. Average of salinity was 41.2 and pH was 8.46. The average of depth in all stations was 5.7 m. The mean concentrations of silicate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and total phosphate were 1.99, 0.03, 0.009, 0.14 0.15 ppm, respectively and the average of chlorophyll - a was 0.94 mg.m-3.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bushehr Province ; Delvar ; Helleh ; Cochlodinium.sp ; Shrimp Culture ; Bloom ; Survey ; Hatcheries ; Sampling ; pH ; Salinity ; Temperature ; Chlorophyll a ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Alexandrium.sp ; Bacillariophyceae ; Dinophyceae
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  • 88
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    A study on water quality and physio- chemicals parameters in surface water, underground water and wastewater of Mangol dam basin (Mazandaran province) (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25471 | 18721 | 2018-09-26 09:48:04 | 25471 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to determine water quality of surface water (7 stations), ground water (5 stations) and wastewater (4 stations) at Haraz River during instruction of Mangol Dam in 2009-2010. This study is to follow physico-chemical fluctuation of waters and compared the data obtained with previous studies and standard levels. Results of current study showed that annual mean with standard error of temperature, DO, BOD_5, COD, HCO^3-, CO_3^2-, TA, Ca^2+, Mg^2+, TH, TSS, TDS, Cl^-, PO_4^3-, NH^4+, NO2- and NO3- were observed 12.7 (±0.61) centigrade, 10.13 (±0.12), 2.1 (±0.1), 7.71 (±0.99), 28.1 (±6.1), 14.34 (±1.64), 36.30 (±2.33), 64.66 (±2.34), 28.84 (±1.52), 271.62 (±8.41), 0.37 (±0.03), 0.30 (±0.02), 28.02 (±1.96), 0.06 (±0.01), 0.010 (±0.001) and 0.94 (±0.03) mg/l, pH was 8.00 (±0.02) and EC 0.50 (±0.02) ms/cm in surface water. The annual mean with standard error of temperature, HCO^3-, CO_3^2-, TA, Ca^2+, Mg^2+, TH, TSS, TDS, Cl^-, PO4^3-, NH^4+, NO^2- and NO^3- were observed 21.62 (±1.03) centigrade, 54 (±5), 11 (±5), 57 (±5), 208.6 (±42.5), 109 (±23), 1088 (±165), 0.065 (±0.017), 0.97 (±0.11), 317.8 (±76.2), 0.25 (±0.06), 0.06 (±0.01), 0.0007 (±0.0001) and 0.78 (±0.05) mg/l, pH was 7.37 (±0.07) and EC 1.98 (±0.23) ms/cm in underground water. In addition, the annual mean with standard error of temperatute, DO, BOD5, COD, TSS, TDS, and NO3- were observed 12.7 (±0.61) centigrade, 13.59 (±0.87), 9.80 (±0.12), 2.22 (±0.18), 7.54 (±1.02), 0.50 (±0.03), 0.320 (±0.008) and 0.990 (±0.016) mg/l, pH was 7.95 (±0.02) and EC 0.64 (±0.01) ms/cm in wastewater. Quality of surface water of Haraz River and its branches were almost contained suitable for usual applications, but sometimes the quality of surface water based on BOD5 need to more attention for man uses (such as supply of drinking water). In addition, the quality of surface water was relatively suitable for aquatic based on the aquatic standard levels. Results also showed that water quality index (WQI) was declined from upstream to downstream and some parameters were not in standard ranges. The quality of surface water classified in group II at all stations based on water classification rules which it shows serious water quality changes due to environmental destroyed and domestic, agriculture sewage pollutions. Groundwater were affected by different springs at middle and downstream which they caused change physico-chemical characteristics and water quality. Wastewater was classified from good to moderate based on BOD5. The quality of wastewater was declined at downstream with decreasing DO and pH and increasing BOD5 and pollutants.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Mazandaran province ; Mangol Dam basin ; Haraz River ; Physico-chemical characteristics ; Surface water ; Ground water ; Wastewater ; Temperature ; Aquatic ; Agriculture ; Pollution ; pH
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    Investigation of breeding and culture in Iranian cichlid (Iranocichla hormuzensis) as endemic and ornamental species (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25477 | 18721 | 2018-09-26 10:23:45 | 25477 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Iranian Cichlid is an invaluable ornamental species which is domesticated in Iran and called Iranocichla hormuzensis scientifically, is living in the Hormoz zone, Shahou River (between Bandar Abbas and Haji Abad). The first phase of the research project started in September of 2012 and lasted about 18 months, focused on adapting the wild cichlids to cope with the aquarium environment. Therefore, about 63 male and female of Iranian cichlids collected from the natural habitat, Shahou River, then moved to the nearest city, Bandar Abbas to and released in aquariums which were filled by water of River where they were living. After few days they moved to “innovative aquaculture technologies research station” and reared in 100 liter glass tanks to monitor their behaviors. By initial days, the Cichlids seemed to be stressed out significantly, they were flashing, hitting them to the aquarium, trying to jump out and get discolored due to strange environment. By days, the stressful treats decreased and the experiments coped with the new environment. At the next step, schools of 5-7 fish organized to pear up. The mortality rate collected daily and accidental biometry recorded fortnightly. The rearing temperature adjusted and was stable at 37˚C. Finally, the Cichlids were completely adopted and prepared for mating and breeding.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bandar Abbas ; Hormoz ; Shahou River ; Breeding ; Culture ; Iranian cichlid ; Iranocichla hormuzensis ; Endemic species ; Ornamental species ; Aquarium ; Mortality ; Rearing ; Temperature
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    Investigation of two crop culture of western white shrimp (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25492 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 07:01:09 | 25492 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Two crop culture of western white shrimp with 2 treatments and 2 replicates in each treatments in earthen ponds with area 0.4 hectares at a density of 20 pl 18 in each square meter were done. For the culture of shrimp in the second stage, the post larvae cultured in nursery pond with area of 0.25 hectare, and density of 96 post larvae in each square meter, and then transfer to the rearing ponds. In each pond, 2 aerators with potency of 3 horsepower fixed. Every day horsepower clarified at 21p.m. to 23 p.m and out at 6 a.m to 7 a.m. The first stage of culture begun in 19 April with pl 18. The yield pick-up after 96 days. The stocking of pl in the nursery ponds was done in 25 July with pl16 and after 38 days hunted and transferred to second stage culture. The second culture was done in 1 September and pick-up after 65 days. For feeding of shrimps we used commercial food numbers 4001 until 4006. In the first mount the feeding of shrimps were done as blind feed and then with the shrimps biomass and with research of feeding trays. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH daily in 2 times at the morning (6 a.m) and evening (at 15 p.m) and the salinity, transparency and water depth 1 time daily measured. In the first culture period (96 days), the mean weight, length, daily weight gain, FCR, survival percent shrimp production were 14.03 gr, 12.08 cm, 0.15 gr, 1.02 gr, 92 percent and 2132 kilograms and in the second culture period (65 days) 14.55 gr, 12.48 cm, 0.22 gr, 0.84, 73 percent and 2675 kilogarms measuered respectively. Totally, in the second period culture the initial weight of shrimps was higher than the first period culture 1.95 gr and 0.008 gr respectively, therefore growth indexes in the second period were better than the first culture period. Coefficient of determination of weight and lenth of shrimps with increase of cultue days, in the first and second culture periods, in the total cases the number were higher than 0.97. This shown that the role of increase of days on the increase of weight and lenth is higher than 97 percent. Also, determination of product moment, showed that there is very strong correlation between increase of days and increase of weight and lenth and between weight and lenth (0.97 to 0.99).
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Western white shrimp ; Two crop culture ; Earthen Pond ; Density ; Larvae ; Nursery pond ; Feeding ; Temperature ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Salinity ; Transparency ; Weight gain ; FCR ; Survival
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    Study on some physico-chemical parameters in the southern of Caspian Sea- Mazandarn Province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25490 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 07:30:52 | 25490 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: This study was conducted to determine physico-chemical characteristics of water and their spatial and temporal fluctuations in the Mazandaran coastal of Caspian Sea in 6 months, four seasons at 4 transects (Tonekabon, Nowshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad) during 2012-2013. 72 samples were collected at surface layer of water in 5, 15 and 30m depths. Then the sampls analyzed based on standard methods. Results showed that the mean of water and air temperature were 19.46±0.85 and 20.25±0.78◦C, respectively. Minimum and maximum of water temperature were recorded in winter (7.00) and summer time (28.10). Mean of salinity was 12.35±0.13 ppt. The maximum salinity was recorded in summer and minimum in winter in all transects. Mean of transparency (SD) in the present study was 2.63±0.18m. The mean of pH was observed 8.51±0.02 which was higher than the previous sampling periods. The mean of DO was observed 6.00±0.07 ml/l during sampling period. Annual concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN= NH4 +, NO2-, NO3-) has a fairly wide variation in different months and transects. Percentage of nitrogen components out of DIN were varied 6-53, 0.14-26.0 and 37.0-94.0 respectively. In this study, percentage of DIN was lower than 15% and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was higher than 80%. Mean of annual dissolved inorganic phosphorous (DIP) and organic phosphorous were 0.58± 0.04 and 0.48± 0.02 µM, respectively. DIP and DOP percentages recorded 54 and 46 respectively. Mean annual of dissolved silicon (DSi) obtained 9.5± 0.2 µM. Based on the results, the system was in phosphorus limitation during spring and summer but it shifted to nitrogen limitation in autumn and winter. Phytoplankton development was not limited by DSi at any seasons.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandran Proviece ; Physicochemical parameters ; Nutrients ; Samples ; Temperature ; Salinity ; Transparency ; pH ; Dissolved inorganic nitrogen ; Phytoplankton
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    Cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) semen (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25512 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 15:26:26 | 25512 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Breeding has moved beyond the point of simply propagating random stock. Genetic potential can be improved by establishing and crossing genetically defined strains, crossing species and manipulating gametes. Some of these activities require cryopreservation of semen. Cryopreserved sperm could also be a means of exchange of genetic material between locations and populations when transportation of live fish is restricted. In this study we had a survey on rainbow trout sperm quality in Genetic and Breeding Center for Coldwatwr Fishes, Shahid Motahari, Yasouj. Then Cryopreservation trials on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm were carried out using six basic extenders. Egg batches of 25 g were inseminated with semen frozen in five 0.5-ml straws. Thowing temperature of cryopreserved sperm also was tested. In anather trial we investigate different cryoprotectant. The result showd that the best period for sperm collection in this center was from Novamber to January. The best extender based on sperm motility parameters were extender 2 and 1 with 57.2 and 56.9% fertilisatin rates, respectively. So this two extender were used in the further experiments. The best thowing temperathre was 25°C in 30s. Testing different cryoprotectant, adding 10% methanol to extender 1 gave the highest fertilization rate (64.6%) among cryoprotectant that used with this extender. In the other extender (2) adding 5% DMSO and mixture of 5% DMSO and 1% glycerol gave the highest fertilization rates (64.8% and 67.0%, respectively). In conclusion using extender 1 and 2 with mentioned cryoprotectant and thowing rate of 25°C in 30 s was recammended for rainbow trout sperm cryopreservation.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Yasouj ; Sperm cryopreservation ; Rainbow trout ; Extender ; Cryoprotectant ; Onchorhynchus mykiss ; Breeding ; Genetic ; Coldwater ; Temperature ; Fertilization
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    The study and feasibility of Cheshmeh-Ali River and downstream area of Shahid Shah-Charaghy dam in Damghan for aquaculture development (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25523 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 15:26:23 | 25523 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: To reveal the fisheries productivity and to get the maximum possible exploitations of the running water resources, existing potentials for aquaculture in Shit and Kordabad rivers in Tarom of Zanjan province were surveyed in a one year round study. In this way 4 and 3 sampling site were respectively selected in Shit and Kordabad rivers and benthic macroinvertebrates and water samples were collected and analyzed at least two times a season and fish fauna were also sampled and studied only two times during the period. All the measured water quality characteristics(such as O_2, water temperature, pH, nutrients, NH_3, BOD_5 and . . . ) were within the normal range suggested for the cold water fish culture. In both rivers no significant differences (p≤95%) were detected for physicochemical parameters within the study sites except for electrical conductivity and total hardness which differed in the firs and last station. Depletion of Agricultural run off and residual from the adjacent farmlands and municipal drainages into the water body of the rivers, were certainly effective in these changes However none of water quality parameters exceed the maximum permitted level for aquaculture. According to the benthic macroinvertebrates study 38 family of 12 taxa and 26 family of the 11 taxa were identified in Shit and Kordabad rivers respectively, most of them belonged to the aquatic insect larvae of the sensitive groups. Community structure indices and Hilsenhof family level biotic index proved a "very good" to "good" water quality criteria for the study sites in both rivers .One fish species in Shit and five species (4 of them were endemic) were identified in Kordabad river. Despite acceptable water quality in Shit river, some inhibiting factors such as adjacent farmlands and dense agricultural land use, high slope of river valley in most region which cause rare suitable lands for locating aquaculture sites, very limited access to road and electricity supply and lack of acceptability to manipulate or divert river water for fish farms, by the local people, are the major constrains for constructing trout farms in Shit river. However constructing a 15 mt capacity rainbow trout farm is possible at first 2 kilometers of the upstream where the water quality and quantity are relatively better and there are some lands with low slope and access to road and electricity supply. Kordabad river has a similar criteria and water quality and quantity at upstream is desirable for rainbow trout culture. The first 2 kilometer of this river is capable of constructing trout farms in some non cultivated lands. Moreover the Kordabad natural dam reservoir is available to conduct its water for further demands. In addition a total of 75mt rainbow trout production in the form of 2 or 3 separate site is possible in this river. Even though the local climate particularly in Kordabad river is acceptable for carp fishes, however land limitations, soil texture and the high volume of water demands, make warm water fishes commercial production impossible.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Zanjan province ; Damghan ; Running water ; Aquaculture ; Benthic macroinvertebrates ; Rainbow trout ; Temperature ; pH ; Nutrients ; Water quality ; NH3 ; Species
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    Spat culture of black lip pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) produced on Lengeh hatchery in Qeshm and Hendurabi Island (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25518 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 07:59:13 | 25518 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Dramatic depletion in number of black lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera in their natural beds despite almost two decades of catch prohibition, encouraged researchers of Iranian Fisheries Research Organization to find a scientific solution to restock the lost oysters. Following successful artificial propagation and producing spat, finding the sites that secure good growth and survival is very important. We tried to compare the growth and survival of oysters in two old natural beds, Michaeil and Hendourabi Island in the Northern part of Persian Gulf. After 14 weeks of settlement spat with an initial size of 16.85 ± 2.85 mm were randomly divided into 2 groups, in each group containing 600 individuals that were in triplicate. One group was transferred to Michaeil and Hendourabi and both groups were set at a depth of 10 m and kept for a year. Juvenile oysters at Michaeil sized 73.35 mm were almost 2 cm larger than at Hendourabi (P〈0.05) after a year of culture. Mortality rate was 20 % in Michaeil that was two times higher than at Hendourabi. Daily growth rate (DGR) showed similar trend during the culture period in both culture sites while it was faster in Michaeil. Maximum and minimum DGR were recorded in May and October in Michaeil with rate of 0.32 mm day-1 and in Feburary in Hendourabi Island with a rate of 0.01, respectively. Linear model was the best model for predicting the length of oyster over the time in both sites. Hinge length and thickness were both bigger in Michaeil, however, length was more stable to show the difference between two sites. More nutrients in Michaeil, that appeared to reduce visibility through the year (P〈0.05) may justify the results of faster growth rate in this site while more sediment on the shells of this area could be a reason of higher mortality rate. This research concludes that both sites are good for pearl oyster culture, however, using new culture methods and equipments that reduce the sedimentation rate on the shells give higher priority to the Michaeil.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Persian Gulf ; Hendourabi island ; Qeshm island ; Pinctada margaritifera ; Michaeil ; Spat ; Growth rate ; Blak lip pearl oyster ; Culture ; Hatchery ; Fisheries ; Propagation ; Survival ; Mortality ; Nutrients ; Sediment
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    Identification of local microalgae & their evaluation as live food in aquaculture from Oman Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25534 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 15:48:34 | 25534 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Microalgae are very important organisms in aquaculture as major live food in all growth stages of bivalve, some larval stages of crustaceans, some fishes and zooplankton. In this project with the knowledge that local algae can provide better nutritional balance for local animals. Microalgae were isolated, identified and evaluated for their nutritional value for the first time. Another aim of this research was to create phytoplankton culture collection (Bank) in the south of Iran. Water was sampled from Sistan and Baluchesta coasts, then isolation and purification process were carried out in the lab. Species identification was based on morphology and molecular analyses. rDNA was extracted from each strain after PCR, partial LSU-rDNA region were sequenced and compared with similar sequence from GenBank. In order to evaluate their nutritional properties, relative growth, fatty acids composition, total lipid, carbohydrate, protein, and some vitamins of each purified strain were determined. Totally 25 species were isolated and purified, of which 12 strains were recorded in GenBank and their nutritional potential were assessed. Dunaliella cf. bardawill, Isochrysis sp. Cheatoceros sp. Clorella cf. volgaris, Ochromonas sp. and Synechococcus sp. were the most important species research. Iranian strains were varied in their amount of protein (27-40%), carbohydrate (221%) and lipid (8-13%). Proportions of SFA (21-48%), MUFA (33-53%) and PUFA (11-28.5%) were varied among strains. The highest amount of PUFA and B3 vitamin were found in Clorella cf. vulgaris. The highest content of protein (40.12% dry wt) and total fatty acid concentration (30% dry wt) were found in Dunaliella cf. bardawil and Ochromonas strain(CHPO2) respectively. The maximum content of total fatty acid was observed in Ochromonas sp. (CHPO2). Cheatoceros sp. had higher relative growth rate in comparison with other species.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Oman Sea ; Microalgae ; Aquaculture ; Organisms ; Growth ; Zooplankton ; Phytoplankton ; Culture ; Species ; PCR ; rDNA ; Isochrysis sp. ; Cheatoceros sp. ; Clorella cf. ; Ochromonas sp. ; Synechococcus sp.
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    Production of Artemia in Fesendoz earthpond (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25536 | 18721 | 2018-10-05 16:11:25 | 25536 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In order to optimal using of constructed earthpond in fesendoz area which in not used for the maine objective (warm water fish culture) because of previous drought years, the possibility of them for Artemia culture with drainage (40 ppt) and salin well (90ppt) waters between 2012-13 were evaluated. In the first year 2 ha and in the second year 7 ha were prepared according to standard method and artemia nauplii were released 60 /L then fertilized with fertilization method in order to obtain 40 cm transparency with using sechi disc. After reaching to adalt stage and in order to fertilization management Artemai biomass were harvested daily 300 to 1000 g base of the early and late production periods. After observed the cysts it gathered by using sachok, proccess and maintain in freezer for stopping diapousthen dried and canned in 330g can with 7±1 % humidity. All the production costs for biomass 100000 Rials and for cyst 1800000 rials while they selling 250000 rials and 2500000 Rilas respectively.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Fesendoz earthpond ; Artemai ; Culture ; Economical analysis ; Warm Water ; Fish culture ; Production
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    Introduction of Litopenaeus vannamei to shrimp culture industry of Iran (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25194 | 18721 | 2018-09-03 17:35:27 | 25194 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Various Problems in front of shrimp culture, mainly in biological fields and restrictions of production cycle, emphasized the species diversity in aquaculture industry of Iran in fourth socio- economic development plan of fisheries department. By this means, the Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, defined a Programme with four sub- projects, and started the activities on beginning of 2004. On the year 2004, 80 pairs of SPF/SPR Litopenaeus vannamei broodstocks imported from Hawaii, but late importation and prolonged acclimatization period, caused propogation and PL production on mid-September. Despite of terminated culture season, some PL's stocked in earthen ponds of Helleh site in Bushehr province. Results of this phase showed that, L.vannamei could support the cold winter of about 9 C temperature and about 20000 broodstocks harvested at the next year. At the next year, 55 pairs of SPF/SPR broodstocks imported by the same way, and after production of PL in Bandargah hatchery, the farming carried out in Helleh research earthen ponds. At this year, shrimp farms of Bushehr province infected with WSSV, but L.vannamei growth was very good, and gained more than19g after 90days farming. On the year 2006, the farming pilot project repeated, and the way for extension smoothed. In a parallel action, introduction of L.vannamei to Choebdeh site (Khouzestan province) showed remarkable results after 5 years collapses by WSSV. The results of broodstocking, breeding and farming research projects transferred very soon to shrimp producers, as the production of L.vannamei in Khouzestan and Bushehr provinces raised to 2575tons in the year 2008. In addition the condition for introduction of this species to Golestan province smoothed on 2008, and stocking at rate of 5-6 individuals per m2 in earthen ponds of Gomishan resulted in 20g. Shrimp weight after 75 days culture. This stock used as brood stock for commercial production on 2009 by private sector. It seems that all four southern provinces are going to utilize L.vannamei as the main species in 2009, and domesticated brood stocks.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Bushehr province ; Khouzestan province ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Introduction ; New species ; Shrimp ; Culture ; Diversity ; Aquaculture ; Broodstocks ; Temperature ; L.vannamei
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Responsible aquaculture: warm water fish preparation management and preparation of guidelines (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25556 | 18721 | 2018-10-06 12:04:12 | 25556 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Responsible aquaculture is a new concept in Iran but in some countries there are good historical performances. In fact this concept is as the spacial challenge for developing countries in order to improvement of aquaculturist livelihood. In bangladesh, near to 60% of the people, which the most of are villagers, live under the poor line. Developing the NGOs and their activities to reach the responsible aquaculture objectives were so effective, since this activity has been knew as profitable acuaculture and many international workshops, symposiums and conferences have been held in this regard all the world. In this project, a complex of parameters affected on preparing management of warmwater fish farms have been studied with using previous studies and experiments of different countries and executive guidelines of four modules prepared including: -Guidline of preparing of warmwater fish ponds -Guidline of water enrichment and using fertilization in warmwater fish ponds -Guidline of using aeration in warmwater fish ponds -Guidline of stocking method in warmwater fish ponds
    Keywords: Management ; Iran ; Responsible Aquaculture ; Warmwater Fish Farms ; Warm Water ; Preparing ; Culture ; Preparation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Feasibility study of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) culture in brackish water in earthen fish pond in North Khorasan province (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25583 | 18721 | 2018-10-07 11:15:10 | 25583 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The use correct of non-agricultural land due to saline and waternon fresh for rearing of aquatic animals, especially fish, in good seasons, can generate for employment and provide fertile ground . This study aimed to assess the ability of Rainbow Trout reared in earthen ponds potential using brackish water stub area south of North Khorasan province in cold seasons (autumn and winter) have been conducted. Farming operations in three earthen ponds, each with an area of 3,000 square meters and two water wells within 160 days of the initial electric Bahdayt 8400 and 18100 µs was conducted. Average initial weight of juveniles when introduced into soil ponds 32.0±1.0 and 22.7±1/7 grams and density drop in the of ponds 5 and 7 number per cubic meters . Feeding on pond done recipes nutrition standards Related to fish size and water temperature was during the period culture . To help improve the water quality during the breeding ponds of cyclic change in volume of pond water (20-15%) and two aeration SPLASH with errive fresh water to form rain fall in each pond was used. The results obtained during the period of measurement water physico-chemical parameters (temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, total dissolved substances, acidity) shows changes in the mean amplitude of these factors has been tolerated for raising trout The results showed that children reared trout have been introduced since the introduction of nteroperability with brackish water in the pond also grown to over 14 thousand have salt and water changes physical and chemical factors have endured. The results showed that fish farming in addition to works by adapting the environment had to foster the growth of the pond water . So in 5 months, with a mean survival of 87 percent hindrance develop marketable size with an average weight of 340±12-390±13and 470 ±17grams and have a total production of more than 20 tonnes. All of it has been confirmed, the study area (SFRAIEN)is very suitable for the breeding Rainbow trout of pond during the fall and winter seasons .
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Khorasan province ; Rainbow Trout ; Adaptation ; Culture ; Brackish Water ; Earthen ponds ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Saline water ; Aquatic ; Density ; Survival
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Hydrobiological studies on selected creeks in east Hormozgan for shrimp culture pond purpose (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25223 | 18721 | 2018-09-06 05:59:09 | 25223 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The coastal ecosystem, which represents the boundary in between pelagic province and land, is a complex one. Since most probes of physico-chemical characteristic in coastal ecosystem are unstable, it affects the distribution and abundance of the biota in it. The aim of this project was to determine Hydro-biological studies on the important creeks of East Hormozgan for shrimp culture pond purpose. Three creeks was selected on east coast namely as (Azini, Jask and Khalasi) and three stations in every creek which situated at the mouth, middle and end of the creek. The work in the project is incorporated in living and nonliving characteristics; the sampling period was in four seasons of 1384. Water characteristic like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (B.O.D), salinity, carbon dioxide(Co2), nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, silicate, total dissolved solid (T.D.S), total suspended particle,(T.S.S) and hydrogen sulphide (H2s). The recorded mean of these parameters in Azini creek (25.5±1.05 c), (8.11±0.13), (7.21±0.82 mg/l), (2.3±0.73 mg/l), (38.07± 0.86 ppt), (12.4±1.8 mg/l), (3.12±2.8 μg/l), (0.27±0.19 μg/l), (1.39±0.99 μg/l), (0.27±0.22 μg/l),(9.78±5.36 μg/l), (28.2±2.1 g/l), (37.6±11 mg/l),(0.1±0.07 mg/l), Jask creek (27.5±1.1 c ), (7.96±0.33), (6.79±0.77 mg/l), (2.9±0.96 mg/l), (38.77± 1.68 ppt), (10.8±3.4 mg/l), (3.51±2.2μg/l), (0.2±0.15 μg/l), (2.13±1.48 μg/l), (0.55±0.42 μg/l), (13±6.3 μg/l), (38.8±1.9 g/l), (37.1±13 mg/l),(0.32±0.28 mg/l), and Khalasi creek (28.2±1.9 c), (8.04±0.16), (6.9±0.48 mg/l), (2.22±1.03 mg/l), (38.79± 1.46 ppt), (12 ±1.1 mg/l), (3.08±1.4 μg/l), (0.2±0.14 μg/l), (1.41±0.65 μg/l), (0.45±0.39 μg/l), (13.3±4.2 μg/l), (38±3.5 g/l), (35.3±9 mg/l),(0.08±0.04 mg/l), respectively. The range of Total Organic Matter and Total Phosphor of sediment in Azini creek recorded as (4.99-10.57), (0.4-1.73), Jask creek (2.57-5.89), (0.0-1.99) and Khalasi creek (5.23-6.89), (0.59-1.09) respectively. Comparison of concentration mean between three creek shows there was significant difference between Temperature , pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity, free Carbon dioxide, Silicate, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton (P〈0.05. Phytoplankton with (31 genera from 3 families),(34genera from 4 families) and (38 genera from 3 families) were recorded in Azini, Jask and Khalasi creeks respectively. Zooplankton with 12, 12, and 10 group was present in Azini, Jask and Khalasi creeks. Macrofauna with (54 species from 38 families and 20 Order), (35species from 25 families and 17 Order) and (51 149 species from 39 families and 20 Order) were recorded from Azini, Jask and Khalasi creeks respectively. Minimum and Maximum density of phytoplankton in Azini, Jask and Khalasi creeks were (63-22914), (68-94320) and (280-5523) in liter, Zooplankton (193048-226337), (36750-713753) and (32625-489532) in m^3 and Macrofauna (6400-11357), (8375-24800), and (900-12473) in m^2, Total Count (90-3400), (70-22150), and (0-2250) in one gram sediment and Total Vibrio (43-2400), (15-2400) and (25-460) in one gram sediment respectively.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Iran ; Hormozgan province ; Hydrobiology ; Creek ; Shrimp ; Culture Pond ; Ecosystem ; Abundance ; Temperature ; pH ; Dissolved oxygen ; Biochemical oxygen ; Salinity ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Ammonia ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Macrofauna ; Sediment
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