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  • Ecosystem  (228)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • Chemistry
  • Pflanzenkrankheit
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (236)
  • NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science  (10)
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  • 1
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    An assessment of chemical contaminants detected in passive water samplers deployed in the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER) (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14678 | 403 | 2014-02-24 20:59:15 | 14678 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: This report is the second in a series from a project to assess land-based sources of pollution (LBSP) and effects in the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER) in St. Thomas, USVI, and is the result of a collaborative effort between NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, the USVI Department of Planning and Natural Resources, the University of the Virgin Islands, and The Nature Conservancy.Passive water samplers (POCIS) were deployed in the STEER in February 2012. Developed by the US Geological Survey(USGS) as a tool to detect the presence of water solublecontaminants in the environment, POCIS samplers were deployed in the STEER at five locations. In addition to the February 2012 deployment, the results from an earlier POCIS deployment in May 2010 in Turpentine Gut, a perennial freshwater stream which drains to the STEER, are also reported.A total of 26 stormwater contaminants were detected at least once during the February 2012 deployment in the STEER. Detections were high enough to estimate ambient water concentrations for nine contaminants using USGS sampling rate values. From the May 2010 deployment in Turpentine Gut, 31 stormwater contaminants were detected, and ambient water concentrations could be estimated for 17 compounds.Ambient water concentrations were estimated for a numberof contaminants including the detergent/surfactant metabolite 4-tert-octylphenol, phthalate ester plasticizers DEHP and DEP, bromoform, personal care products including menthol, indole, n,n-diethyltoluamide (DEET), along with the animal/plant sterol cholesterol, and the plant sterol beta-sitosterol. Only DEHP appeared to have exceeded a water quality guideline for the protection of aquatic organisms.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environment ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 2
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    An assessment of chemical contaminants, toxicity and benthic infauna in sediments from the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER) (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14679 | 403 | 2014-02-24 19:16:48 | 14679 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: This report contains a chemical and biological characterization of sediments from the St. Thomas East End Reserves (STEER) in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). The STEER Management Plan (published in 2011) identified chemical contaminants and habitat loss as high or very high threats and called for a characterization of chemical contaminants as well as an assessment of their effects on natural resources. The baseline information contained in this report on chemical contaminants, toxicity and benthic infaunal community composition can be used to assess current conditions, as well as the efficacy of future restoration activities. In this phase of the project, 185 chemical contaminants, including a number of organic (e.g., hydrocarbons and pesticides) and inorganic (e.g., metals) compounds, were analyzed from 24 sites in the STEER. Sediments were also analyzed using a series of toxicity bioassays, including amphipod mortality, sea urchin fertilization impairment, and the cytochrome P450 Human Reporter Gene System (HRGS), along with a characterization of the benthic infaunal community. Higher levels of chemical contaminants were found in Mangrove Lagoon and Benner Bay in the western portion of the study area than in the eastern area. The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), chlordane, zinc, copper, lead and mercury were above a NOAA sediment quality guideline at one or more sites, indicating impacts may be present in more sensitive species or life stages in the benthic environment. Copper at one site in Benner Bay, however, was above a NOAA guideline indicating that effects on benthic organisms were likely. The antifoulant boat hull ingredient tributyltin, or TBT, was found at the third highest concentration in the history of NOAA’s National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program, which monitors the Nation’s coastal and estuarine waters for chemical contaminants and bioeffects. Unfortunately, there do not appear to be any established sediment quality guidelines for TBT. Results of the bioassays indicated significant sediment toxicity in Mangrove Lagoon and Benner Bay using multiple tests. The benthic infaunal communities in Mangrove Lagoon and Benner Bay appeared severely diminished.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environment ; Pollution
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  • 3
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    Porphyrin detection in denatured cnidarian tissue extracts (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Charleston, SC
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14710 | 403 | 2014-02-22 22:53:38 | 14710 | United States National Ocean Service
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Porphyrin metabolic disruption from exposure to xenobiotic contaminants such as heavy metals, dioxins, and aromatic hydrocarbons can elicit overproduction of porphyrins. Measurement of porphyrin levels, when used in conjunction with other diagnostic assays, can help elucidate an organism’s physiological condition and provide evidence for exposure to certain toxicants. A sensitive microplate fluorometric assay has been optimized for detectingtotal porphyrin levels in detergent solubilized protein extracts from symbiotic, dinoflagellate containing cnidarian tissues. The denaturing buffer used in this modified assay contains a number of potentially interfering components (e.g., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dithiothreitol (DTT), protease inhibitors, and chlorophyll from the symbiotic zooxanthellae), which required examination and validation. Examination of buffer components were validated for use in this porphyrin assay; while the use of a specific spectrofluorometric filter (excitation 400 ± 15 nm; emission 600 ± 20 nm) minimized chlorophyll interference. The detection limit for this assay is 10 fmol of total porphyrin per μg of total soluble protein and linearity is maintained up to 5000 fmol. The ability to measure total porphyrins in a SDS protein extract now allows a single extract to be used in multiple assays. This is an advantage over classical methods, particularly when tissue samples are limiting, as is often the case with coral due to availability and collection permit restrictions.
    Description: NOAA Technical Memorandum CRCP 17
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 4
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    Saline-saturated DMSO-EDTA as a storage medium for microbial DNA analysis from coral mucus swab samples (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Charleston, SC
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14759 | 403 | 2014-02-26 21:18:00 | 14759 | United States National Ocean Service
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: The mucus surface layer of corals plays a number of integral roles in their overall health and fitness. This mucopolysaccharide coating serves as vehicle to capture food, a protective barrier against physical invasions and trauma, and serves as a medium to host a community of microorganisms distinct from the surrounding seawater. In healthy corals the associated microbial communities are known to provide antibiotics that contribute to the coral’s innate immunity and function metabolic activities such as biogeochemical cycling.Culture-dependent (Ducklow and Mitchell, 1979; Ritchie, 2006) and culture-independent methods (Rohwer, et al., 2001; Rohwer et al., 2002; Sekar et al., 2006; Hansson et al., 2009; Kellogg et al., 2009) have shown that coral mucus-associated microbial communities can change with changes in the environment and health condition of the coral. These changes may suggest that changes in the microbial associates not only reflect health status but also may assist corals in acclimating to changing environmental conditions. With the increasing availability of molecular biology tools, culture-independent methods are being used more frequently for evaluating the health of the animal host. Although culture-independent methods are able to provide more in-depth insights into the constituents of the coral surface mucus layer’s microbial community, their reliability and reproducibility rely on the initial sample collection maintaining sample integrity. In general, a sample of mucus is collected from a coral colony, either by sterile syringe or swab method (Woodley, et al., 2008), and immediately placed in a cryovial. In the case of a syringe sample, the mucus is decanted into the cryovial and the sealed tube is immediately flash-frozen in a liquid nitrogen vapor shipper (a.k.a., dry shipper). Swabs with mucus are placed in a cryovial, and the end of the swab is broken off before sealing and placing the vial in the dry shipper. The samples are then sent to a laboratory for analysis. After the initial collection and preservation of the sample, the duration of the sample voyage to a recipient laboratory is often another critical part of the sampling process, as unanticipated delays may exceed the length of time a dry shipper can remain cold, or mishandling of the shipper can cause it to exhaust prematurely. In remote areas, service by international shipping companies may be non-existent, which requires the use of an alternative preservation medium. Other methods for preserving environmental samples for microbial DNA analysis include drying on various matrices (DNA cards, swabs), or placing samples in liquid preservatives (e.g., chloroform/phenol/isoamyl alcohol, TRIzol reagent, ethanol). These methodologies eliminate the need for cold storage, however, they add expense and permitting requirements for hazardous liquid components, and the retrieval of intact microbial DNA often can be inconsistent (Dawson, et al., 1998; Rissanen et al., 2010).A method to preserve coral mucus samples without cold storage or use of hazardous solvents, while maintaining microbial DNA integrity, would be an invaluable tool for coral biologists, especially those in remote areas. Saline-saturated dimethylsulfoxide-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (20% DMSO-0.25M EDTA, pH 8.0), or SSDE, is a solution that has been reported to be a means of storing tissue of marine invertebrates at ambient temperatures without significant loss of nucleic acid integrity (Dawson et al., 1998, Concepcion et al., 2007). While this methodology would be a facile and inexpensive way to transport coral tissue samples, it is unclear whether the coral microbiota DNA would be adversely affected by this storage medium either by degradation of the DNA, or a bias in the DNA recovered during the extraction process created by variations in extraction efficiencies among the various community members. Tests to determine the efficacy of SSDE as an ambient temperature storage medium for coral mucus samples are presented here.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 5
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    Chemical contaminants in the coral Porites astreoides from southwest Puerto Rico (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14868 | 403 | 2014-03-06 18:57:33 | 14868 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: This report presents an initial characterization of chemical contamination in coral tissues (Porites astreoides) from southwest Puerto Rico. It is the second technical report from a project to characterize chemical contaminants and assess linkages between contamination and coral condition. The first report quantified chemical contaminants in sediments from southwest Puerto Rico. This document summarizes the analysis of nearly 150 chemical contaminants in coral tissues. Although only eight coral samples were collected, some observations can be made on the correlations between observed tissue and sediment contaminant concentrations. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), typically associated with petroleum spills and the combustion of fossil fuels, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the coral tissues were comparable to concentrations found in adjacent sediments. However, the concentration of a chemical contaminant (e.g., PAHs) in the coral tissues at a particular site was not a good predictor of what was in the adjacent sediments. In addition, the types of PAHs found in the coral tissues were somewhat different (higher ratios of alkylated PAHs) than in sediments. The levels of PCBs and DDT in coral tissues appeared higher just outside of Guanica Bay, and there was evidence of a downstream concentration gradient for these two contaminant classes. The trace elements copper, zinc and nickel were frequently detected in coral tissues, and the concentration in the corals was usually comparable to that found in adjacent sediments. Chromium was an exception in that it was not detected in any of the coral tissues analyzed. Additional work is needed to assess how spatial patterns in chemical contamination affect coral condition, abundance and distribution.
    Description: National Status and Trends Program for Marine Environmental Quality
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Management ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 6
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    Using wildlife activity and antibiotic resistance analysis to model bacterial water quality in coastal ponds (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Charleston, SC
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14864 | 403 | 2014-03-06 18:36:18 | 14864 | United States National Ocean Service
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Models that help predict fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) levels in environmental waters can be important tools for resource managers. In this study, we used animal activity along with antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA), land cover, and other variables to build models that predict bacteria levels in coastal ponds that discharge into an estuary. Photographic wildlife monitoring was used to estimate terrestrial and aquatic wildlife activity prior to sampling. Increased duck activity was an important predictor of increased FCB in coastal ponds. Terrestrial animals like deer and raccoon, although abundant, were not significant in our model. Various land cover types, rainfall, tide, solar irradiation, air temperature, and season parameters, in combination with duck activity, were significant predictors of increased FCB. It appears that tidal ponds allow for settling of bacteria under most conditions. We propose that these models can be used to test different development styles and wildlife management techniques to reduce bacterial loading into downstream shellfish harvesting and contact recreation areas.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Management ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 7
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    Histological techniques for marine bivalve mollusks and crustaceans, 2nd edition (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Oxford, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14949 | 403 | 2014-03-14 22:55:57 | 14949 | United States National Ocean Service
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Investigators at the Cooperative Oxford Laboratory (COL) diagnose and study crustaceans, mollusks, finfish, and a variety of other marine and estuarine invertebrates to assess animal health. This edition updates the Histological Techniques for Marine Bivalve Mollusks manual by Howard and Smith (1983) with additional chapters on molluscan and crustacean techniques. The new edition is intended to serve as a guide for histological processing of shellfish, principally bivalve mollusks and crustaceans. Basically, the techniques included are applicable for histopathological preparation of all marine animals, recognizing however that initial necropsy is unique to each species. Photographs and illustrations are provided for instruction on necropsy of different species to simplify the processing of tissues. Several of the procedures described are adaptations developed by the COL staff. They represent techniques based on principles establishedfor the histopathologic study of mammalian and other vertebrate tissues, but modified for marine and aquatic invertebrates. Although the manual attempts to provide adequate information on techniques, it is also intended to serve as a useful reference source to those interested in the pathology of marine animals. General references and recommended reading listed in the back of the manual will provide histological information on species not addressed in the text.
    Description: This edition updates the Histological Techniques for Marine Bivalve Mollusks manual by Howard and Smith (1983) with additional chapters on molluscan and crustacean techniques.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 8
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    Histological techniques for marine bivalve molluscs: update (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14947 | 403 | 2014-03-14 23:06:34 | 14947 | United States National Ocean Service
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: This chapter describes the procedures for determining the reproductive stage of oysters, mytilid mussels, and dreissenid mussels collected for NOAA’s National Status and Trends Mussel Watch Project. Analyses are conducted on paraffin-embedded tissues sectioned at a 5-μm thickness and stained using a pentachrome staining procedure. Each slide is examined microscopically to determine the animal’s sex and stage of gonadal development. A semi-quantitative ranking is assigned.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 9
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    An assessment of two decades of contaminant monitoring in the Nation’s Coastal Zone. (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2232 | 403 | 2014-02-21 01:55:57 | 2232 | United States National Ocean Service
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Executive Summary:Information found in this report covers the years 1986 through 2005. Mussel Watch began monitoring a suite of trace metals and organic contaminants such as DDT, PCBs and PAHs. Through time additional chemicals were added, and today approximately 140 analytes are monitored. The Mussel Watch Program is the longest running estuarine and coastal pollutant monitoring effort conducted in the United States that is national in scope each year. Hundreds of scientific journal articles and technical reports based on Mussel Watch data have been written; however, this report is the first that presents local, regional and national findingsacross all years in a Quick Reference format, suitable for use by policy makers, scientists, resource managers and the general public.Pollution often starts at the local scale where high concentrations point to a specific source of contamination, yet some contaminants such as PCBs are atmospherically transported across regional and national scales, resulting in contamination far from their origin. Findings presented here showed few national trends for trace metals and decreasing trends for most organic contaminants; however, a wide variety of trends, both increasing and decreasing, emerge at regional and local levels. For most organic contaminants, trends have resulted from state andfederal regulation. The highest concentrations for both metal and organic contaminants are found near urban and industrial areas.In addition to monitoring throughout the nation’s coastal shores and Great Lakes, Mussel Watch samples are stored in a specimen bank so that trends can be determined retrospectively for new and emerging contaminants ofconcern. For example, there is heightened awareness of a group of flame retardants that are finding their way into the marine environment. These compounds, known as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), are now being studied using historic samples from the specimen bank and current samples to determine their spatial distribution. We will continue to use this kind of investigation to assess new contaminant threats.We hope you find this document to be valuable, and thatyou continue to look towards the Mussel Watch Programfor information on the condition of your coastal waters. (PDF contains 118 pages)
    Description: Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment
    Keywords: Ecology ; Pollution ; Environment ; Chemistry
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  • 10
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    An assessment of chemical contaminants in the marine sediments of southwest Puerto Rico (2021)
    NOAA/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2156 | 403 | 2014-02-21 20:21:25 | 2156 | United States National Ocean Service
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: This report summarizes the results of a characterizationof chemical contaminants in the sediments in southwestPuerto Rico. The report is part of a project to integratevarious analytical specialties to assess linkages betweenchemical contaminants and the condition of coral reefs. In this phase of the project, over 120 chemical contaminants were analyzed in sediments collected, including a number of organic (e.g., hydrocarbons), inorganic (e.g., metals), and biological (bacterial) compounds/analytes. The report also provides a preliminary analysis of the association betweensediment contaminants and coral species richness.Overall, the levels of chemical contaminants in the study area between Guanica Bay and the town of La Parguera were fairly low. At most of the sites sampled, particularlyadjacent to the town of La Parguera, concentrations oforganic and inorganic contaminants were below the median values from NOAA’s National Status and Trends Program, which monitors the Nation’s coastal and estuarine waters for chemical contaminants. Elevated levels of a number of contaminant classes were seen at the two sites sampled within Guanica Bay.An initial analysis of modeled PAH (hydrocarbon) data and coral species richness (reef building species) indicated a strong negative correlation between the presence of PAHs in the sediments and coral species richness. Additional work is needed to assess possible reasons for this observed pattern. (PDF contains 126 pages).
    Description: Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment
    Keywords: Ecology ; Management ; Environment ; Chemistry
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  • 11
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    Local adaptation of bacteriophages to their bacterial hosts in soil (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-15
    Description: Microbes are incredibly abundant and diverse and are key to ecosystem functioning, yet relatively little is known about the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that shape their distributions. Bacteriophages, viral parasites that lyse their bacterial hosts, exert intense and spatially varying selection pressures on bacteria and vice versa. We measured local adaptation of bacteria and their associated phages in a centimeter-scale soil population. We first demonstrate that a large proportion of bacteria is sensitive to locally occurring phages. We then show that sympatric phages (isolated from the same 2-gram soil samples as the bacteria) are more infective than are phages from samples some distance away. This study demonstrates the importance of biotic interactions for the small-scale spatial structuring of microbial genetic diversity in soil.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vos, Michiel -- Birkett, Philip J -- Birch, Elizabeth -- Griffiths, Robert I -- Buckling, Angus -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):833. doi: 10.1126/science.1174173.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. michiel.vos@nioo.knaw.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Bacteria/genetics/*virology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bacteriophages/genetics/*physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Selection, Genetic ; *Soil Microbiology ; Stenotrophomonas/genetics/physiology/*virology ; Viral Plaque Assay
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Species uncertainties (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉May, Robert M -- Harvey, Paul H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):687. doi: 10.1126/science.1170937.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Classification ; Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Genetic Speciation ; Plants/classification
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 13
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    Global warming: Projections of climate change go from bad to worse, scientists report (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 20;323(5921):1546-7. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5921.1546.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19299589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Energy-Generating Resources ; Forecasting ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Ice Cover
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 14
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    Polymorphic butterfly reveals the missing link in ecological speciation (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: Ecological speciation occurs when ecologically based, divergent selection causes the evolution of reproductive isolation. There are many empirical examples of this process; however, there exists a poorly characterized stage during which the traits that distinguish species ecologically and reproductively segregate in a single population. By using a combination of genetic mapping, mate-choice experiments, field observations, and population genetics, we studied a butterfly population with a mimetic wing color polymorphism and found that the butterflies exhibited partial, color-based, assortative mate preference. These traits represent the divergent, ecologically based signal and preference components of sexual isolation that usually distinguish incipient and sibling species. The association between behavior and recognition trait in a single population may enhance the probability of speciation and provides an example of the missing link between an interbreeding population and isolated species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875868/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2875868/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chamberlain, Nicola L -- Hill, Ryan I -- Kapan, Durrell D -- Gilbert, Lawrence E -- Kronforst, Marcus R -- GM068763/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM068763/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM068763-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):847-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1179141.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ; Animals ; Butterflies/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*physiology ; Color ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Speciation ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; *Pigmentation/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Wings, Animal/*anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Ecology. Reducing the risks of the wildlife trade (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Katherine F -- Behrens, Michael -- Schloegel, Lisa M -- Marano, Nina -- Burgiel, Stas -- Daszak, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 1;324(5927):594-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1174460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brown University, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Providence, RI 02912, USA. katherine_smith@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Biodiversity ; Carrier State/veterinary ; *Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence/statistics & numerical data ; Communicable Diseases/transmission/veterinary ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Public Health ; Public Policy ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; Zoonoses
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Barcoding of plants and fungi (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chase, Mark W -- Fay, Michael F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):682-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1176906. Epub 2009 Jul 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jodrell Lab, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19644072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Fungal/*genetics ; DNA, Plant/*genetics ; Ecosystem ; Fungi/*classification/genetics ; *Genetic Markers ; Geography ; Plants/*classification/genetics ; Plastids/genetics ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ardipithecus ramidus and the paleobiology of early hominids (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-08
    Description: Hominid fossils predating the emergence of Australopithecus have been sparse and fragmentary. The evolution of our lineage after the last common ancestor we shared with chimpanzees has therefore remained unclear. Ardipithecus ramidus, recovered in ecologically and temporally resolved contexts in Ethiopia's Afar Rift, now illuminates earlier hominid paleobiology and aspects of extant African ape evolution. More than 110 specimens recovered from 4.4-million-year-old sediments include a partial skeleton with much of the skull, hands, feet, limbs, and pelvis. This hominid combined arboreal palmigrade clambering and careful climbing with a form of terrestrial bipedality more primitive than that of Australopithecus. Ar. ramidus had a reduced canine/premolar complex and a little-derived cranial morphology and consumed a predominantly C3 plant-based diet (plants using the C3 photosynthetic pathway). Its ecological habitat appears to have been largely woodland-focused. Ar. ramidus lacks any characters typical of suspension, vertical climbing, or knuckle-walking. Ar. ramidus indicates that despite the genetic similarities of living humans and chimpanzees, the ancestor we last shared probably differed substantially from any extant African ape. Hominids and extant African apes have each become highly specialized through very different evolutionary pathways. This evidence also illuminates the origins of orthogrady, bipedality, ecology, diet, and social behavior in earliest Hominidae and helps to define the basal hominid adaptation, thereby accentuating the derived nature of Australopithecus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, Tim D -- Asfaw, Berhane -- Beyene, Yonas -- Haile-Selassie, Yohannes -- Lovejoy, C Owen -- Suwa, Gen -- WoldeGabriel, Giday -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):75-86.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Evolution Research Center and Department of Integrative Biology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. timwhite@berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19810190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Dentition ; Diet ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Geological Phenomena ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Paleodontology ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Skeleton ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Social Behavior ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Contribution of fish to the marine inorganic carbon cycle (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: Oceanic production of calcium carbonate is conventionally attributed to marine plankton (coccolithophores and foraminifera). Here we report that marine fish produce precipitated carbonates within their intestines and excrete these at high rates. When combined with estimates of global fish biomass, this suggests that marine fish contribute 3 to 15% of total oceanic carbonate production. Fish carbonates have a higher magnesium content and solubility than traditional sources, yielding faster dissolution with depth. This may explain up to a quarter of the increase in titratable alkalinity within 1000 meters of the ocean surface, a controversial phenomenon that has puzzled oceanographers for decades. We also predict that fish carbonate production may rise in response to future environmental changes in carbon dioxide, and thus become an increasingly important component of the inorganic carbon cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, R W -- Millero, F J -- Taylor, J R -- Walsh, P J -- Christensen, V -- Jennings, S -- Grosell, M -- BB/D005108/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F009364/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- ISIS 1766/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):359-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1157972.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK. r.w.wilson@ex.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/chemistry/*metabolism ; Carbon/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/blood ; Chemical Precipitation ; Ecosystem ; Fishes/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestines/*metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/physiology ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Solubility ; Temperature
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Myanmar. One year after a devastating cyclone, a bitter harvest (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):715. doi: 10.1126/science.324_715.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423794" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crops, Agricultural/*growth & development/supply & distribution ; *Cyclonic Storms ; *Disasters ; Economics ; Ecosystem ; *Food Supply ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Myanmar ; Oryza/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Green evolution and dynamic adaptations revealed by genomes of the marine picoeukaryotes Micromonas (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-04-11
    Description: Picoeukaryotes are a taxonomically diverse group of organisms less than 2 micrometers in diameter. Photosynthetic marine picoeukaryotes in the genus Micromonas thrive in ecosystems ranging from tropical to polar and could serve as sentinel organisms for biogeochemical fluxes of modern oceans during climate change. These broadly distributed primary producers belong to an anciently diverged sister clade to land plants. Although Micromonas isolates have high 18S ribosomal RNA gene identity, we found that genomes from two isolates shared only 90% of their predicted genes. Their independent evolutionary paths were emphasized by distinct riboswitch arrangements as well as the discovery of intronic repeat elements in one isolate, and in metagenomic data, but not in other genomes. Divergence appears to have been facilitated by selection and acquisition processes that actively shape the repertoire of genes that are mutually exclusive between the two isolates differently than the core genes. Analyses of the Micromonas genomes offer valuable insights into ecological differentiation and the dynamic nature of early plant evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worden, Alexandra Z -- Lee, Jae-Hyeok -- Mock, Thomas -- Rouze, Pierre -- Simmons, Melinda P -- Aerts, Andrea L -- Allen, Andrew E -- Cuvelier, Marie L -- Derelle, Evelyne -- Everett, Meredith V -- Foulon, Elodie -- Grimwood, Jane -- Gundlach, Heidrun -- Henrissat, Bernard -- Napoli, Carolyn -- McDonald, Sarah M -- Parker, Micaela S -- Rombauts, Stephane -- Salamov, Aasf -- Von Dassow, Peter -- Badger, Jonathan H -- Coutinho, Pedro M -- Demir, Elif -- Dubchak, Inna -- Gentemann, Chelle -- Eikrem, Wenche -- Gready, Jill E -- John, Uwe -- Lanier, William -- Lindquist, Erika A -- Lucas, Susan -- Mayer, Klaus F X -- Moreau, Herve -- Not, Fabrice -- Otillar, Robert -- Panaud, Olivier -- Pangilinan, Jasmyn -- Paulsen, Ian -- Piegu, Benoit -- Poliakov, Aaron -- Robbens, Steven -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Toulza, Eve -- Wyss, Tania -- Zelensky, Alexander -- Zhou, Kemin -- Armbrust, E Virginia -- Bhattacharya, Debashish -- Goodenough, Ursula W -- Van de Peer, Yves -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):268-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1167222.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. azworden@mbari.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; *Biological Evolution ; Chlorophyta/classification/cytology/*genetics/physiology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Ecosystem ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Introns ; Meiosis/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis/genetics ; Phylogeny ; Phytoplankton/classification/genetics ; Plants/*genetics ; RNA, Untranslated ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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    Adaptive radiation: contrasting theory with data (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: Biologists have long been fascinated by the exceptionally high diversity displayed by some evolutionary groups. Adaptive radiation in such clades is not only spectacular, but is also an extremely complex process influenced by a variety of ecological, genetic, and developmental factors and strongly dependent on historical contingencies. Using modeling approaches, we identify 10 general patterns concerning the temporal, spatial, and genetic/morphological properties of adaptive radiation. Some of these are strongly supported by empirical work, whereas for others, empirical support is more tentative. In almost all cases, more data are needed. Future progress in our understanding of adaptive radiation will be most successful if theoretical and empirical approaches are integrated, as has happened in other areas of evolutionary biology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gavrilets, Sergey -- Losos, Jonathan B -- GM56693/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):732-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1157966.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. sergey@tiem.utk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Fossils ; *Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic
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    Ecology. Should whales be culled to increase fishery yield? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gerber, Leah R -- Morissette, Lyne -- Kaschner, Kristin -- Pauly, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):880-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1169981.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA. leah.gerber@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Commerce ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; Fishes ; Food Chain ; Internationality ; Japan ; Politics ; Population Dynamics ; Public Policy ; *Whales
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    Resource policy. Wood energy in America (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richter, Daniel Deb Jr -- Jenkins, Dylan H -- Karakash, John T -- Knight, Josiah -- McCreery, Lew R -- Nemestothy, Kasimir P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1432-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1166214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University Program in Ecology, Southern Center for Sustainable Forests, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. drichter@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Europe ; *Trees ; United States ; *Wood
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    Bailing out creatures great and small (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghazoul, Jaboury -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 23;323(5913):460. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5913.460a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19164728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Economics ; Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; *Wit and Humor as Topic
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    Conservation biology. Research wolves of Yellowstone killed in hunt (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 23;326(5952):506-7. doi: 10.1126/science.326_506.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Montana ; *Research ; *Wolves
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    Origins. On the origin of tomorrow (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1334-6. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5958.1334.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate Change ; Cultural Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Evolution, Planetary ; Extinction, Biological ; Genetic Engineering ; *Genome, Human ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Boom-and-bust development patterns across the Amazon deforestation frontier (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-06-13
    Description: The Brazilian Amazon is globally important for biodiversity, climate, and geochemical cycles, but is also among the least developed regions in Brazil. Economic development is often pursued through forest conversion for cattle ranching and agriculture, mediated by logging. However, on the basis of an assessment of 286 municipalities in different stages of deforestation, we found a boom-and-bust pattern in levels of human development across the deforestation frontier. Relative standards of living, literacy, and life expectancy increase as deforestation begins but then decline as the frontier evolves, so that pre- and postfrontier levels of human development are similarly low. New financial incentives and policies are creating opportunities for a more sustained development trajectory that is not based on the depletion of nature and ecosystem services.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodrigues, Ana S L -- Ewers, Robert M -- Parry, Luke -- Souza, Carlos Jr -- Verissimo, Adalberto -- Balmford, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jun 12;324(5933):1435-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1174002.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. ana.rodrigues@cefe.cnrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19520958" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Brazil ; *Cities ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Educational Status ; Humans ; Income ; *Life Expectancy ; Population Dynamics ; *Socioeconomic Factors
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    Critical population density triggers rapid formation of vast oceanic fish shoals (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-03-28
    Description: Similarities in the behavior of diverse animal species that form large groups have motivated attempts to establish general principles governing animal group behavior. It has been difficult, however, to make quantitative measurements of the temporal and spatial behavior of extensive animal groups in the wild, such as bird flocks, fish shoals, and locust swarms. By quantifying the formation processes of vast oceanic fish shoals during spawning, we show that (i) a rapid transition from disordered to highly synchronized behavior occurs as population density reaches a critical value; (ii) organized group migration occurs after this transition; and (iii) small sets of leaders significantly influence the actions of much larger groups. Each of these findings confirms general theoretical predictions believed to apply in nature irrespective of animal species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Makris, Nicholas C -- Ratilal, Purnima -- Jagannathan, Srinivasan -- Gong, Zheng -- Andrews, Mark -- Bertsatos, Ioannis -- Godo, Olav Rune -- Nero, Redwood W -- Jech, J Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 27;323(5922):1734-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1169441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. makris@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19325116" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Behavior, Animal ; Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; Population Density ; Reproduction ; Spatial Behavior ; *Swimming ; Time Factors
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    Saving African lions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conolly, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):146. doi: 10.1126/science.325_146a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉African Lion and Environmental Research Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe. awc@africanencounter.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Lions ; Population Dynamics
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    Evolution. Sexual selection and Darwin's mystery of mysteries (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mank, Judith E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1639-40. doi: 10.1126/science.1184680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Edward Grey Institute, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. judith.mank@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019275" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/genetics ; Gene Flow ; *Genetic Speciation ; Geography ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Models, Biological ; Selection, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environmental science. Digital soil map of the world (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanchez, Pedro A -- Ahamed, Sonya -- Carre, Florence -- Hartemink, Alfred E -- Hempel, Jonathan -- Huising, Jeroen -- Lagacherie, Philippe -- McBratney, Alex B -- McKenzie, Neil J -- Mendonca-Santos, Maria de Lourdes -- Minasny, Budiman -- Montanarella, Luca -- Okoth, Peter -- Palm, Cheryl A -- Sachs, Jeffrey D -- Shepherd, Keith D -- Vagen, Tor-Gunnar -- Vanlauwe, Bernard -- Walsh, Markus G -- Winowiecki, Leigh A -- Zhang, Gan-Lin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):680-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1175084.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Institute at Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA. psanchez@ei.columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Climate ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; *Soil/analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Generalized models reveal stabilizing factors in food webs (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-08
    Description: Insights into what stabilizes natural food webs have always been limited by a fundamental dilemma: Studies either need to make unwarranted simplifying assumptions, which undermines their relevance, or only examine few replicates of small food webs, which hampers the robustness of findings. We used generalized modeling to study several billion replicates of food webs with nonlinear interactions and up to 50 species. In this way, first we show that higher variability in link strengths stabilizes food webs only when webs are relatively small, whereas larger webs are instead destabilized. Second, we reveal a new power law describing how food-web stability scales with the number of species and their connectance. Third, we report two universal rules: Food-web stability is enhanced when (i) species at a high trophic level feed on multiple prey species and (ii) species at an intermediate trophic level are fed upon by multiple predator species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gross, Thilo -- Rudolf, Lars -- Levin, Simon A -- Dieckmann, Ulf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 7;325(5941):747-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1173536.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Physics of Complex Systems, Nothnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany. thilo.gross@physics.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; *Food Chain ; *Models, Biological ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Deadly flights (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curry, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):386-7. doi: 10.1126/science.325_386.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19628835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Chiroptera ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Europe ; Flight, Animal
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ocean science. Animal function at the heart (and gut) of oceanography (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seibel, Brad A -- Dierssen, Heidi M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):343-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1161618.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02891, USA. seibel@uri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Calcium Carbonate/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Carbon/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; Fishes/*metabolism ; Food Chain ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestines/chemistry/*metabolism ; Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/growth & development/metabolism ; Seawater/*chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Oceanic spawning migration of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-26
    Description: European eels (Anguilla anguilla) undertake a approximately 5000-kilometer (km) spawning migration from Europe to the Sargasso Sea. The larvae are transported back to European waters by the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift. However, details of the spawning migration remain unknown because tracking eels in the Atlantic Ocean has, so far, eluded study. Recent advances in satellite tracking enable investigation of migratory behavior of large ocean-dwelling animals. However, sizes of available tags have precluded tracking smaller animals like European eels. Here, we present information about the swimming direction, depth, and migratory behavior of European eels during spawning migration, based on a miniaturized pop-up satellite archival transmitter. Although the tagging experiment fell short of revealing the full migration to the Sargasso Sea, the data covered the first 1300 km and provided unique insights.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aarestrup, Kim -- Okland, Finn -- Hansen, Michael M -- Righton, David -- Gargan, Patrik -- Castonguay, Martin -- Bernatchez, Louis -- Howey, Paul -- Sparholt, Henrik -- Pedersen, Michael I -- McKinley, Robert S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 25;325(5948):1660. doi: 10.1126/science.1178120.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Vejlsovej 39, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. kaa@aqua.dtu.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19779192" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anguilla/*physiology ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Ecosystem ; Europe ; Reproduction ; *Swimming ; Temperature ; Water Movements
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    Light on the origin of man. Ardipithecus ramidus. Introduction (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanson, Brooks -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 2;326(5949):60-1. doi: 10.1126/science.326_60a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19797652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/genetics
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    Environment. Looming global-scale failures and missing institutions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, Brian -- Barrett, Scott -- Polasky, Stephen -- Galaz, Victor -- Folke, Carl -- Engstrom, Gustav -- Ackerman, Frank -- Arrow, Ken -- Carpenter, Stephen -- Chopra, Kanchan -- Daily, Gretchen -- Ehrlich, Paul -- Hughes, Terry -- Kautsky, Nils -- Levin, Simon -- Maler, Karl-Goran -- Shogren, Jason -- Vincent, Jeff -- Xepapadeas, Tasos -- de Zeeuw, Aart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1345-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1175325.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Sustainable Ecosystems, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. brian.walker@csiro.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climatic Processes ; Communicable Diseases/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Drug Resistance ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Fisheries ; Health ; Humans ; *International Agencies ; *International Cooperation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    20 years after the wall. Aufbau Ost: Max Planck's East German experiment (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):788-91. doi: 10.1126/science.326_788.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics/organization & administration ; Anthropology ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Germany ; Germany, East ; Physics ; Research Personnel ; Universities
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolution. Genetic constraints on adaptation? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merila, Juha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1212-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1179326.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Post Office Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. juha.merila@helsinki.fi〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climatic Processes ; Cold Temperature ; Dehydration ; Drosophila/*genetics/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; *Genetic Variation ; Species Specificity ; Tropical Climate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genomics. Ecological genomics gets down to genes--and function (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1620-1. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5960.1620.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20019270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Altitude ; Animals ; Bees/*genetics/physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/metabolism ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Genetic Speciation ; Genome ; *Genomics ; Hemoglobins/genetics/metabolism ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; Lizards/*genetics/physiology ; Mutation ; Peromyscus/*genetics/physiology ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/genetics/metabolism ; Skin Pigmentation/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Evolutionary biology. Agreeing to disagree (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 6;323(5915):706-8. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5915.706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19197037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Ecosystem ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Variation ; Insects/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Indirect emissions from biofuels: how important? (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-26
    Description: A global biofuels program will lead to intense pressures on land supply and can increase greenhouse gas emissions from land-use changes. Using linked economic and terrestrial biogeochemistry models, we examined direct and indirect effects of possible land-use changes from an expanded global cellulosic bioenergy program on greenhouse gas emissions over the 21st century. Our model predicts that indirect land use will be responsible for substantially more carbon loss (up to twice as much) than direct land use; however, because of predicted increases in fertilizer use, nitrous oxide emissions will be more important than carbon losses themselves in terms of warming potential. A global greenhouse gas emissions policy that protects forests and encourages best practices for nitrogen fertilizer use can dramatically reduce emissions associated with biofuels production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Melillo, Jerry M -- Reilly, John M -- Kicklighter, David W -- Gurgel, Angelo C -- Cronin, Timothy W -- Paltsev, Sergey -- Felzer, Benjamin S -- Wang, Xiaodong -- Sokolov, Andrei P -- Schlosser, C Adam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 4;326(5958):1397-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1180251. Epub 2009 Oct 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. jmelillo@mbl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Atmosphere ; *Biofuels ; Carbon ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Climate Change ; Computer Simulation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Fertilizers ; Fossil Fuels ; Models, Economic ; *Nitrous Oxide ; Time Factors ; Trees
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    Evolutionary biology. How beach life favors blond mice (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 11;325(5946):1330-3. doi: 10.1126/science.325_1330.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19745127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological/*genetics ; Agouti Signaling Protein/genetics ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Crosses, Genetic ; Ecosystem ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Hair Color/*genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Peromyscus/*genetics/physiology ; Pigmentation/genetics ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1/genetics ; Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Aragonite undersaturation in the Arctic Ocean: effects of ocean acidification and sea ice melt (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: The increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and attendant increase in ocean acidification and sea ice melt act together to decrease the saturation state of calcium carbonate in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean. In 2008, surface waters were undersaturated with respect to aragonite, a relatively soluble form of calcium carbonate found in plankton and invertebrates. Undersaturation was found to be a direct consequence of the recent extensive melting of sea ice in the Canada Basin. In addition, the retreat of the ice edge well past the shelf-break has produced conditions favorable to enhanced upwelling of subsurface, aragonite-undersaturated water onto the Arctic continental shelf. Undersaturation will affect both planktonic and benthic calcifying biota and therefore the composition of the Arctic ecosystem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo -- McLaughlin, Fiona A -- Carmack, Eddy C -- Nishino, Shigeto -- Shimada, Koji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1098-100. doi: 10.1126/science.1174190.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Institute of Ocean Sciences, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada. michiyo.kawai@dfo-mpo.gc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Atmosphere ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/*analysis ; Carbon Dioxide ; Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Ice Cover ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Temperature
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    Fishing for more effective incentives (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Tony -- Gibbs, Mark -- Smith, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):337-8. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5912.337b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150827" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/economics/methods ; *Fishes ; Humans ; *Motivation
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    Volcanism, mass extinction, and carbon isotope fluctuations in the Middle Permian of China (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: The 260-million-year-old Emeishan volcanic province of southwest China overlies and is interbedded with Middle Permian carbonates that contain a record of the Guadalupian mass extinction. Sections in the region thus provide an opportunity to directly monitor the relative timing of extinction and volcanism within the same locations. These show that the onset of volcanism was marked by both large phreatomagmatic eruptions and extinctions amongst fusulinacean foraminifers and calcareous algae. The temporal coincidence of these two phenomena supports the idea of a cause-and-effect relationship. The crisis predates the onset of a major negative carbon isotope excursion that points to subsequent severe disturbance of the ocean-atmosphere carbon cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wignall, Paul B -- Sun, Yadong -- Bond, David P G -- Izon, Gareth -- Newton, Robert J -- Vedrine, Stephanie -- Widdowson, Mike -- Ali, Jason R -- Lai, Xulong -- Jiang, Haishui -- Cope, Helen -- Bottrell, Simon H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1179-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1171956.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. p.wignall@see.leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478179" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Isotopes/*analysis ; Carbonates/analysis ; China ; Ecosystem ; Eukaryota ; *Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/analysis ; Seawater ; *Volcanic Eruptions
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    Reactome array: forging a link between metabolome and genome (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-10-10
    Description: We describe a sensitive metabolite array for genome sequence-independent functional analysis of metabolic phenotypes and networks, the reactomes, of cell populations and communities. The array includes 1676 dye-linked substrate compounds collectively representing central metabolic pathways of all forms of life. Application of cell extracts to the array leads to specific binding of enzymes to cognate substrates, transformation to products, and concomitant activation of the dye signals. Proof of principle was shown by reconstruction of the metabolic maps of model bacteria. Utility of the array for unsequenced organisms was demonstrated by reconstruction of the global metabolisms of three microbial communities derived from acidic volcanic pool, deep-sea brine lake, and hydrocarbon-polluted seawater. Enzymes of interest are captured on nanoparticles coated with cognate metabolites, sequenced, and their functions unequivocally established.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beloqui, Ana -- Guazzaroni, Maria-Eugenia -- Pazos, Florencio -- Vieites, Jose M -- Godoy, Marta -- Golyshina, Olga V -- Chernikova, Tatyana N -- Waliczek, Agnes -- Silva-Rocha, Rafael -- Al-Ramahi, Yamal -- La Cono, Violetta -- Mendez, Carmen -- Salas, Jose A -- Solano, Roberto -- Yakimov, Michail M -- Timmis, Kenneth N -- Golyshin, Peter N -- Ferrer, Manuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Oct 9;326(5950):252-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1174094.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CSIC, Institute of Catalysis, 28049 Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19815770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea/genetics/metabolism ; Bacteria/genetics/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Ecosystem ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Enzymes, Immobilized ; Genome, Archaeal ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Hot Springs/microbiology ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; *Metabolome ; Metabolomics/*methods ; Microarray Analysis/*methods ; Nanoparticles ; Pseudomonas putida/genetics/metabolism ; Seawater/microbiology ; Streptomyces coelicolor/genetics/metabolism ; Water Microbiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Implications of limiting CO2 concentrations for land use and energy (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-30
    Description: Limiting atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations to low levels requires strategies to manage anthropogenic carbon emissions from terrestrial systems as well as fossil fuel and industrial sources. We explore the implications of fully integrating terrestrial systems and the energy system into a comprehensive mitigation regime that limits atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We find that this comprehensive approach lowers the cost of meeting environmental goals but also carries with it profound implications for agriculture: Unmanaged ecosystems and forests expand, and food crop and livestock prices rise. Finally, we find that future improvement in food crop productivity directly affects land-use change emissions, making the technology for growing crops potentially important for limiting atmospheric CO2 concentrations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wise, Marshall -- Calvin, Katherine -- Thomson, Allison -- Clarke, Leon -- Bond-Lamberty, Benjamin -- Sands, Ronald -- Smith, Steven J -- Janetos, Anthony -- Edmonds, James -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 29;324(5931):1183-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1168475.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD 20740, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19478180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Biomass ; *Carbon Dioxide ; Commerce ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Crops, Agricultural/economics/growth & development ; Ecosystem ; Energy-Generating Resources ; Fossil Fuels ; Industry ; Models, Theoretical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Diverse fisheries require diverse solutions (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ban, Natalie C -- Caldwell, Iain R -- Green, Thomas L -- Morgan, Sian K -- O'Donnell, Kerrie -- Selgrath, Jennifer C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):338-9. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5912.338.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/economics/methods ; Fishes ; Humans ; *Motivation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ocean science. Old new nitrogen (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Montoya, Joseph P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 9;323(5911):219-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1168246.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30306, USA. montoya@gatech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19131620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Nitrogen/*analysis/metabolism ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/*chemistry ; Seawater/*chemistry
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biodiversity policy challenges (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mooney, Harold -- Mace, Georgina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1474. doi: 10.1126/science.1180935.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. hmooney@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *International Cooperation ; *Public Policy ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environment. Monitoring Earth's critical zone (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richter, Daniel deB Jr -- Mobley, Megan L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 20;326(5956):1067-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1179117.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. drichter@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Atmosphere ; Earth (Planet) ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Environmental Monitoring ; International Cooperation ; Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    On the origin and spread of an adaptive allele in deer mice (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-08-29
    Description: Adaptation is a central focus of biology, although it can be difficult to identify both the strength and agent of selection and the underlying molecular mechanisms causing change. We studied cryptically colored deer mice living on the Nebraska Sand Hills and show that their light coloration stems from a novel banding pattern on individual hairs produced by an increase in Agouti expression caused by a cis-acting mutation (or mutations), which either is or is closely linked to a single amino acid deletion in Agouti that appears to be under selection. Furthermore, our data suggest that this derived Agouti allele arose de novo after the formation of the Sand Hills. These findings reveal one means by which genetic, developmental, and evolutionary mechanisms can drive rapid adaptation under ecological pressure.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736094/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736094/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linnen, Catherine R -- Kingsley, Evan P -- Jensen, Jeffrey D -- Hoekstra, Hopi E -- F32 GM083073-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1095-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1175826.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. clinnen@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19713521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/*genetics ; Agouti Signaling Protein/chemistry/*genetics ; *Alleles ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Ecosystem ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Frequency ; Hair/chemistry/growth & development ; Hair Color/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Melanins/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nebraska ; Peromyscus/*genetics/physiology ; Phenotype ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Deletion ; Serine/genetics
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    Declining coral calcification on the Great Barrier Reef (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-03
    Description: Reef-building corals are under increasing physiological stress from a changing climate and ocean absorption of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. We investigated 328 colonies of massive Porites corals from 69 reefs of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in Australia. Their skeletal records show that throughout the GBR, calcification has declined by 14.2% since 1990, predominantly because extension (linear growth) has declined by 13.3%. The data suggest that such a severe and sudden decline in calcification is unprecedented in at least the past 400 years. Calcification increases linearly with increasing large-scale sea surface temperature but responds nonlinearly to annual temperature anomalies. The causes of the decline remain unknown; however, this study suggests that increasing temperature stress and a declining saturation state of seawater aragonite may be diminishing the ability of GBR corals to deposit calcium carbonate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De'ath, Glenn -- Lough, Janice M -- Fabricius, Katharina E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):116-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1165283.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia. g.death@aims.gov.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/growth & development/*physiology ; Atmosphere ; Australia ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis ; Carbon Dioxide ; Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas ; *Seawater/chemistry ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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    Next-generation communication (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bisseling, Ton -- Dangl, Jeffery L -- Schulze-Lefert, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):691. doi: 10.1126/science.1174404.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands. ton.bisseling@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19423780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Ecosystem ; Fungi/*physiology ; Metagenome ; Mycorrhizae/physiology ; Plant Development ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Plants/genetics/*microbiology ; *Soil Microbiology ; Symbiosis
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    How the gray wolf got its color (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rutledge, Linda Y -- Wilson, Paul J -- Kyle, Christopher J -- Wheeldon, Tyler J -- Patterson, Brent R -- White, Bradley N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 3;325(5936):33-4; author reply 34. doi: 10.1126/science.325_33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. lrutledge@nrdpfc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Dogs/genetics ; Ecosystem ; Hair Color/*genetics ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Pigmentation/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Wolves/*genetics
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    Ecology. Biodiversity conservation and the Millennium Development Goals (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sachs, Jeffrey D -- Baillie, Jonathan E M -- Sutherland, William J -- Armsworth, Paul R -- Ash, Neville -- Beddington, John -- Blackburn, Tim M -- Collen, Ben -- Gardiner, Barry -- Gaston, Kevin J -- Godfray, H Charles J -- Green, Rhys E -- Harvey, Paul H -- House, Brett -- Knapp, Sandra -- Kumpel, Noelle F -- Macdonald, David W -- Mace, Georgina M -- Mallet, James -- Matthews, Adam -- May, Robert M -- Petchey, Owen -- Purvis, Andy -- Roe, Dilys -- Safi, Kamran -- Turner, Kerry -- Walpole, Matt -- Watson, Robert -- Jones, Kate E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Sep 18;325(5947):1502-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1175035.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, 10027, USA〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19762629" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Climatic Processes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Poverty/*prevention & control ; Public Policy ; United Nations
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    Energy. Beneficial biofuels--the food, energy, and environment trilemma (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tilman, David -- Socolow, Robert -- Foley, Jonathan A -- Hill, Jason -- Larson, Eric -- Lynd, Lee -- Pacala, Stephen -- Reilly, John -- Searchinger, Tim -- Somerville, Chris -- Williams, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):270-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1177970.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. tilman@umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19608900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Crops, Agricultural ; Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; *Environment ; *Food ; *Industrial Waste ; Plants ; Politics ; Public Policy ; Trees ; Waste Products ; Wood
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    On the origin of species by natural and sexual selection (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-12-08
    Description: Ecological speciation is considered an adaptive response to selection for local adaptation. However, besides suitable ecological conditions, the process requires assortative mating to protect the nascent species from homogenization by gene flow. By means of a simple model, we demonstrate that disruptive ecological selection favors the evolution of sexual preferences for ornaments that signal local adaptation. Such preferences induce assortative mating with respect to ecological characters and enhance the strength of disruptive selection. Natural and sexual selection thus work in concert to achieve local adaptation and reproductive isolation, even in the presence of substantial gene flow. The resulting speciation process ensues without the divergence of mating preferences, avoiding problems that have plagued previous models of speciation by sexual selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Doorn, G Sander -- Edelaar, Pim -- Weissing, Franz J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Dec 18;326(5960):1704-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1181661. Epub 2009 Nov 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. sander.vandoorn@iee.unibe.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19965377" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/anatomy & histology/genetics/physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Gene Flow ; *Genetic Speciation ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Models, Biological ; *Selection, Genetic
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    The dynamics of phenotypic change and the shrinking sheep of St. Kilda (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-04
    Description: Environmental change, including climate change, can cause rapid phenotypic change via both ecological and evolutionary processes. Because ecological and evolutionary dynamics are intimately linked, a major challenge is to identify their relative roles. We exactly decomposed the change in mean body weight in a free-living population of Soay sheep into all the processes that contribute to change. Ecological processes contribute most, with selection--the underpinning of adaptive evolution--explaining little of the observed phenotypic trend. Our results enable us to explain why selection has so little effect even though weight is heritable, and why environmental change has caused a decline in the body size of Soay sheep.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ozgul, Arpat -- Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- Benton, Tim G -- Pemberton, Josephine M -- Clutton-Brock, Tim H -- Coulson, Tim -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01/AG/22500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 24;325(5939):464-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1173668. Epub 2009 Jul 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Body Weight ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Female ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Phenotype ; Sheep, Domestic/*anatomy & histology/growth & development
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    Evolution. Dynamics of body size evolution (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roy, Kaustuv -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 12;321(5895):1451-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1163097.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. kroy@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Greenhouse Effect ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Stochastic Processes ; Temperature
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Natural variability of Greenland climate, vegetation, and ice volume during the past million years (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-21
    Description: The response of the Greenland ice sheet to global warming is a source of concern notably because of its potential contribution to changes in the sea level. We demonstrated the natural vulnerability of the ice sheet by using pollen records from marine sediment off southwest Greenland that indicate important changes of the vegetation in Greenland over the past million years. The vegetation that developed over southern Greenland during the last interglacial period is consistent with model experiments, suggesting a reduced volume of the Greenland ice sheet. Abundant spruce pollen indicates that boreal coniferous forest developed some 400,000 years ago during the "warm" interval of marine isotope stage 11, providing a time frame for the development and decline of boreal ecosystems over a nearly ice-free Greenland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Vernal, Anne -- Hillaire-Marcel, Claude -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1622-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1153929.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉GEOTOP Geochemistry and Geodynamics Research Center-Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Case Postale 8888, succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada. devernal.anne@uqam.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate ; Cold Climate ; Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; Greenland ; *Ice Cover ; Picea/*growth & development ; *Plant Development ; Pollen ; Spores ; Temperature ; Time ; Trees/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The carrageenan diet: not recommended (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tobacman, Joanne K -- Bhattacharyya, Sumit -- Borthakur, Alip -- Dudeja, Pradeep K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 22;321(5892):1040-1. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5892.1040d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carrageenan/administration & dosage/analysis/biosynthesis/toxicity ; Ecosystem ; *Food Additives/administration & dosage/analysis/toxicity ; Humans ; Nutrition Policy ; Rhodophyta/growth & development/metabolism ; Seaweed/growth & development/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Science and government. Revolutionizing China's environmental protection (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Jianguo -- Diamond, Jared -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 4;319(5859):37-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1150416.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA. jliu@panda.msu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Economics ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Environmental Pollution/economics/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & ; control ; Government
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Geology. Understanding soil time (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brantley, Susan L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 12;321(5895):1454-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1161132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. brantley@eesi.psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecosystem ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Humans ; Minerals/analysis ; Models, Theoretical ; *Soil/analysis ; Soil Microbiology ; Time ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Third International Symposium on Biomolecular Archaeology. Hope for the Rhone's missing sturgeon (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Travis, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 17;322(5900):369. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5900.369.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18927372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/chemistry ; Breeding ; DNA/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Europe ; *Fishes/classification/genetics/physiology ; *Rivers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Environmental science. How green are biofuels? (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scharlemann, Jorn P W -- Laurance, William F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 4;319(5859):43-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1153103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. jscharlemann@gmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources/economics/statistics & numerical data ; *Environment ; *Ethanol ; Gasoline ; Greenhouse Effect ; Health ; Humans ; *Plants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The status of the world's land and marine mammals: diversity, threat, and knowledge (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schipper, Jan -- Chanson, Janice S -- Chiozza, Federica -- Cox, Neil A -- Hoffmann, Michael -- Katariya, Vineet -- Lamoreux, John -- Rodrigues, Ana S L -- Stuart, Simon N -- Temple, Helen J -- Baillie, Jonathan -- Boitani, Luigi -- Lacher, Thomas E Jr -- Mittermeier, Russell A -- Smith, Andrew T -- Absolon, Daniel -- Aguiar, John M -- Amori, Giovanni -- Bakkour, Noura -- Baldi, Ricardo -- Berridge, Richard J -- Bielby, Jon -- Black, Patricia Ann -- Blanc, J Julian -- Brooks, Thomas M -- Burton, James A -- Butynski, Thomas M -- Catullo, Gianluca -- Chapman, Roselle -- Cokeliss, Zoe -- Collen, Ben -- Conroy, Jim -- Cooke, Justin G -- da Fonseca, Gustavo A B -- Derocher, Andrew E -- Dublin, Holly T -- Duckworth, J W -- Emmons, Louise -- Emslie, Richard H -- Festa-Bianchet, Marco -- Foster, Matt -- Foster, Sabrina -- Garshelis, David L -- Gates, Cormack -- Gimenez-Dixon, Mariano -- Gonzalez, Susana -- Gonzalez-Maya, Jose Fernando -- Good, Tatjana C -- Hammerson, Geoffrey -- Hammond, Philip S -- Happold, David -- Happold, Meredith -- Hare, John -- Harris, Richard B -- Hawkins, Clare E -- Haywood, Mandy -- Heaney, Lawrence R -- Hedges, Simon -- Helgen, Kristofer M -- Hilton-Taylor, Craig -- Hussain, Syed Ainul -- Ishii, Nobuo -- Jefferson, Thomas A -- Jenkins, Richard K B -- Johnston, Charlotte H -- Keith, Mark -- Kingdon, Jonathan -- Knox, David H -- Kovacs, Kit M -- Langhammer, Penny -- Leus, Kristin -- Lewison, Rebecca -- Lichtenstein, Gabriela -- Lowry, Lloyd F -- Macavoy, Zoe -- Mace, Georgina M -- Mallon, David P -- Masi, Monica -- McKnight, Meghan W -- Medellin, Rodrigo A -- Medici, Patricia -- Mills, Gus -- Moehlman, Patricia D -- Molur, Sanjay -- Mora, Arturo -- Nowell, Kristin -- Oates, John F -- Olech, Wanda -- Oliver, William R L -- Oprea, Monik -- Patterson, Bruce D -- Perrin, William F -- Polidoro, Beth A -- Pollock, Caroline -- Powel, Abigail -- Protas, Yelizaveta -- Racey, Paul -- Ragle, Jim -- Ramani, Pavithra -- Rathbun, Galen -- Reeves, Randall R -- Reilly, Stephen B -- Reynolds, John E 3rd -- Rondinini, Carlo -- Rosell-Ambal, Ruth Grace -- Rulli, Monica -- Rylands, Anthony B -- Savini, Simona -- Schank, Cody J -- Sechrest, Wes -- Self-Sullivan, Caryn -- Shoemaker, Alan -- Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio -- De Silva, Naamal -- Smith, David E -- Srinivasulu, Chelmala -- Stephenson, Peter J -- van Strien, Nico -- Talukdar, Bibhab Kumar -- Taylor, Barbara L -- Timmins, Rob -- Tirira, Diego G -- Tognelli, Marcelo F -- Tsytsulina, Katerina -- Veiga, Liza M -- Vie, Jean-Christophe -- Williamson, Elizabeth A -- Wyatt, Sarah A -- Xie, Yan -- Young, Bruce E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):225-30. doi: 10.1126/science.1165115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Programme, IUCN, 28 Rue Mauverney, 1196 Gland, Switzerland. jan.schipper@iucn.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Body Size ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Mammals/anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Marine Biology ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-28
    Description: Deep avian evolutionary relationships have been difficult to resolve as a result of a putative explosive radiation. Our study examined approximately 32 kilobases of aligned nuclear DNA sequences from 19 independent loci for 169 species, representing all major extant groups, and recovered a robust phylogeny from a genome-wide signal supported by multiple analytical methods. We documented well-supported, previously unrecognized interordinal relationships (such as a sister relationship between passerines and parrots) and corroborated previously contentious groupings (such as flamingos and grebes). Our conclusions challenge current classifications and alter our understanding of trait evolution; for example, some diurnal birds evolved from nocturnal ancestors. Our results provide a valuable resource for phylogenetic and comparative studies in birds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hackett, Shannon J -- Kimball, Rebecca T -- Reddy, Sushma -- Bowie, Rauri C K -- Braun, Edward L -- Braun, Michael J -- Chojnowski, Jena L -- Cox, W Andrew -- Han, Kin-Lan -- Harshman, John -- Huddleston, Christopher J -- Marks, Ben D -- Miglia, Kathleen J -- Moore, William S -- Sheldon, Frederick H -- Steadman, David W -- Witt, Christopher C -- Yuri, Tamaki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 27;320(5884):1763-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1157704.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoology Department, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18583609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Birds/*classification/*genetics ; Ecosystem ; Flight, Animal ; *Genome ; *Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Oceanography. FerryBoxes begin to make waves (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ainsworth, Claire -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1627-9. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5908.1627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074323" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Data Collection ; Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/growth & development ; Eutrophication ; Fresh Water ; Geologic Sediments ; *Oceanography ; Oceans and Seas ; *Seawater ; *Ships ; Water Movements
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Synchronous aggregate growth in an abundant new Ediacaran tubular organism (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-22
    Description: The most abundant taxon of the Neoproterozoic soft-bodied biota near Ediacara, South Australia, occurs as clusters of similarly sized individuals, which suggests synchronous aggregate growth by spatfall. Tubes of Funisia dorothea gen. et sp. nov. were anchored within the shallow, sandy sea bed and lived in dense, typically monospecific concentrations. Tubes were composed of modular, serially repeating elements. Individuals grew by adding serial elements to the tubular body and by branching of tubes. Their construction and close-packed association imply likely affinity within the Porifera or Cnidaria. These data suggest that several of the most successful marine invertebrate ecological strategies known today were in place in Earth's oldest known metazoan ecosystems before the advent of skeletonization and widespread predation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Droser, Mary L -- Gehling, James G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 21;319(5870):1660-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1152595.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. Mary.droser@ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Fossils ; Invertebrates/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; South Australia
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    Climate change. Rules for ocean fertilization could repel companies (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 7;322(5903):835. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5903.835.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18988814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; *Greenhouse Effect ; International Cooperation ; Iron ; Nitrogen ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/*growth & development ; *Research ; *Seawater
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    Oceans. Elements and evolution (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anbar, Ariel D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1481-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1163100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Space Exploration and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. anbar@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056967" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; *Elements ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; Fossils ; Iron/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Prokaryotic Cells/physiology ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Selection, Genetic ; Sulfur/analysis ; Time ; Trace Elements/analysis
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    Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: Increasing quantities of atmospheric anthropogenic fixed nitrogen entering the open ocean could account for up to about a third of the ocean's external (nonrecycled) nitrogen supply and up to approximately 3% of the annual new marine biological production, approximately 0.3 petagram of carbon per year. This input could account for the production of up to approximately 1.6 teragrams of nitrous oxide (N2O) per year. Although approximately 10% of the ocean's drawdown of atmospheric anthropogenic carbon dioxide may result from this atmospheric nitrogen fertilization, leading to a decrease in radiative forcing, up to about two-thirds of this amount may be offset by the increase in N2O emissions. The effects of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition are expected to continue to grow in the future.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duce, R A -- LaRoche, J -- Altieri, K -- Arrigo, K R -- Baker, A R -- Capone, D G -- Cornell, S -- Dentener, F -- Galloway, J -- Ganeshram, R S -- Geider, R J -- Jickells, T -- Kuypers, M M -- Langlois, R -- Liss, P S -- Liu, S M -- Middelburg, J J -- Moore, C M -- Nickovic, S -- Oschlies, A -- Pedersen, T -- Prospero, J -- Schlitzer, R -- Seitzinger, S -- Sorensen, L L -- Uematsu, M -- Ulloa, O -- Voss, M -- Ward, B -- Zamora, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 16;320(5878):893-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1150369.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Atmosphere ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Oceans and Seas ; *Reactive Nitrogen Species/metabolism ; *Seawater
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    Climate change. Impacts research seen as next climate frontier (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):182-3. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5899.182.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; *Climate ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Financing, Government ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Politics ; *Research/economics ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Government Agencies/economics/organization & administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Virus population dynamics and acquired virus resistance in natural microbial communities (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Viruses shape microbial community structure and function by altering the fitness of their hosts and by promoting genetic exchange. The complexity of most natural ecosystems has precluded detailed studies of virus-host interactions. We reconstructed virus and host bacterial and archaeal genome sequences from community genomic data from two natural acidophilic biofilms. Viruses were matched to their hosts by analyzing spacer sequences that occur among clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) that are a hallmark of virus resistance. Virus population genomic analyses provided evidence that extensive recombination shuffles sequence motifs sufficiently to evade CRISPR spacers. Only the most recently acquired spacers match coexisting viruses, which suggests that community stability is achieved by rapid but compensatory shifts in host resistance levels and virus population structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andersson, Anders F -- Banfield, Jillian F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1047-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1157358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Earth and Planetary Science and Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaea/*genetics/physiology/*virology ; Archaeal Viruses/genetics/*physiology ; Bacteria/*genetics/*virology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bacteriophages/genetics/*physiology ; Base Sequence ; Biofilms ; DNA, Intergenic ; Ecosystem ; Genome, Archaeal ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genome, Viral ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Thermoplasmales/genetics/physiology/virology ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Pre-Columbian urbanism, anthropogenic landscapes, and the future of the Amazon (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: The archaeology of pre-Columbian polities in the Amazon River basin forces a reconsideration of early urbanism and long-term change in tropical forest landscapes. We describe settlement and land-use patterns of complex societies on the eve of European contact (after 1492) in the Upper Xingu region of the Brazilian Amazon. These societies were organized in articulated clusters, representing small independent polities, within a regional peer polity. These patterns constitute a "galactic" form of prehistoric urbanism, sharing features with small-scale urban polities in other areas. Understanding long-term change in coupled human-environment systems relating to these societies has implications for conservation and sustainable development, notably to control ecological degradation and maintain regional biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heckenberger, Michael J -- Russell, J Christian -- Fausto, Carlos -- Toney, Joshua R -- Schmidt, Morgan J -- Pereira, Edithe -- Franchetto, Bruna -- Kuikuro, Afukaka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 29;321(5893):1214-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1159769.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. mheck@ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18755979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/history ; *Archaeology ; Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Cities/*history ; *Culture ; Ecosystem ; Environment Design ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Residence Characteristics ; Rivers ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Atmospheric science. Sprucing up Greenland (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steig, Eric J -- Wolfe, Alexander P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1595-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1160004.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. steig@ess.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate ; Cold Climate ; Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments ; Greenland ; *Ice Cover ; Microclimate ; Picea/*growth & development ; *Pollen ; Temperature ; Time ; Trees/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. Harvesting data from genetically engineered crops (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marvier, Michelle -- Carriere, Yves -- Ellstrand, Norman -- Gepts, Paul -- Kareiva, Peter -- Rosi-Marshall, Emma -- Tabashnik, Bruce E -- Wolfenbarger, L Lareesa -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):452-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1154521.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Studies Institute, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA. mmarvier@scu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/methods/*statistics & numerical data ; Crops, Agricultural/*genetics ; Ecosystem ; Geography ; *Plants, Genetically Modified ; United States ; United States Department of Agriculture
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Fire-derived charcoal causes loss of forest humus (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-03
    Description: Fire is a global driver of carbon storage and converts a substantial proportion of plant biomass to black carbon (for example, charcoal), which remains in the soil for thousands of years. Black carbon is therefore often proposed as an important long-term sink of soil carbon. We ran a 10-year experiment in each of three boreal forest stands to show that fire-derived charcoal promotes loss of forest humus and that this is associated with enhancement of microbial activity by charcoal. This result shows that charcoal-induced losses of belowground carbon in forests can partially offset the benefits of charcoal as a long-term carbon sink.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wardle, David A -- Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte -- Zackrisson, Olle -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):629. doi: 10.1126/science.1154960.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE901-83 Umea, Sweden. david.wardle@svek.slu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Charcoal/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; *Fires ; *Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Soot/chemistry ; Sweden ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ocean science. Marine calcifiers in a high-CO2 ocean (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fabry, Victoria J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1020-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1157130. Epub 2008 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA. fabry@csusm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; Ecosystem ; Eukaryota/*physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Invertebrates/*physiology ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/*physiology ; Pressure ; Seawater/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate change. The threat to the world's plants (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charles, Dan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1000. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5879.1000b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Plants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Geology. The story of O2 (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Falkowski, Paul G -- Isozaki, Yukio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):540-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1162641.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. falko@imcs.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atmosphere ; Carbon/analysis/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Evolution, Chemical ; Geologic Sediments/*chemistry ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Oxygen/chemistry/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem II Protein Complex/metabolism ; Phytoplankton/metabolism ; Plants/metabolism ; Time ; Water/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Aligning conservation priorities across taxa in Madagascar with high-resolution planning tools (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-12
    Description: Globally, priority areas for biodiversity are relatively well known, yet few detailed plans exist to direct conservation action within them, despite urgent need. Madagascar, like other globally recognized biodiversity hot spots, has complex spatial patterns of endemism that differ among taxonomic groups, creating challenges for the selection of within-country priorities. We show, in an analysis of wide taxonomic and geographic breadth and high spatial resolution, that multitaxonomic rather than single-taxon approaches are critical for identifying areas likely to promote the persistence of most species. Our conservation prioritization, facilitated by newly available techniques, identifies optimal expansion sites for the Madagascar government's current goal of tripling the land area under protection. Our findings further suggest that high-resolution multitaxonomic approaches to prioritization may be necessary to ensure protection for biodiversity in other global hot spots.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kremen, C -- Cameron, A -- Moilanen, A -- Phillips, S J -- Thomas, C D -- Beentje, H -- Dransfield, J -- Fisher, B L -- Glaw, F -- Good, T C -- Harper, G J -- Hijmans, R J -- Lees, D C -- Louis, E Jr -- Nussbaum, R A -- Raxworthy, C J -- Razafimpahanana, A -- Schatz, G E -- Vences, M -- Vieites, D R -- Wright, P C -- Zjhra, M L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):222-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1155193.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy and Management, 137 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA. ckremen@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; *Anura ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Ecosystem ; Geography ; *Insects ; *Lemur ; *Lizards ; Madagascar ; *Plants ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A case for new institutions (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bawa, Kamaljit S -- Balachander, Ganesan -- Raven, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):136. doi: 10.1126/science.1151835.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187624" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Developing Countries ; *Economics ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Organizations ; Poverty ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A second chance for rainforest biodiversity (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 13;320(5882):1436-8. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5882.1436.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Invertebrates ; Plants ; *Trees/growth & development ; *Tropical Climate ; Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Entomology. A mosquito goes global (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 16;320(5878):864-6. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5878.864.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aedes/physiology/virology ; Alphavirus Infections/epidemiology/transmission ; Americas/epidemiology ; Animals ; Asia/epidemiology ; Chikungunya virus ; Dengue/epidemiology/transmission ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ecosystem ; Europe/epidemiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; *Insect Vectors/physiology/virology ; Mosquito Control ; Population Growth
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Taihu Lake not to blame for Wuxi's woes (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Min -- Yu, Jianwei -- Li, Zonglai -- Guo, Zhaohai -- Burch, Michael -- Lin, Tsair-Fuh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):158. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5860.158a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Ecosystem ; *Eutrophication ; Fresh Water/*chemistry/microbiology ; Microcystins/analysis ; Odors ; Sulfides/*analysis ; Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Museums. California academy practices what it preaches about sustainable living (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-09-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1616-7. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5896.1616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes ; Animals ; California ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Facility Design and Construction ; *Museums ; *Natural History
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    China's environmental challenges. Fears over western water crisis (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):630. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5889.630.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Rivers ; Water Movements
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Hopping hotspots: global shifts in marine biodiversity (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: Hotspots of high species diversity are a prominent feature of modern global biodiversity patterns. Fossil and molecular evidence is starting to reveal the history of these hotspots. There have been at least three marine biodiversity hotspots during the past 50 million years. They have moved across almost half the globe, with their timing and locations coinciding with major tectonic events. The birth and death of successive hotspots highlights the link between environmental change and biodiversity patterns. The antiquity of the taxa in the modern Indo-Australian Archipelago hotspot emphasizes the role of pre-Pleistocene events in shaping modern diversity patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Renema, W -- Bellwood, D R -- Braga, J C -- Bromfield, K -- Hall, R -- Johnson, K G -- Lunt, P -- Meyer, C P -- McMonagle, L B -- Morley, R J -- O'Dea, A -- Todd, J A -- Wesselingh, F P -- Wilson, M E J -- Pandolfi, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):654-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1155674.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Naturalis, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands. Renema@naturalis.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/classification ; *Biodiversity ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Fishes/classification ; *Fossils ; Geological Phenomena ; Geology ; *Marine Biology ; Mollusca/classification ; Phylogeny ; Rhizophoraceae/classification ; *Seawater ; Time
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    Sichuan disaster. Landslides, flooding pose threats as experts survey quake's impact (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):996-7. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5879.996.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Disasters ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Relief Work ; Rescue Work ; Research
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Blue skies for China (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fu, Bojie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):611. doi: 10.1126/science.1162213.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; *Environmental Pollution/economics/prevention & control/statistics & numerical ; data ; Government ; Humans ; Industry ; Public Health ; Public Sector
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Sustainable development. Climate change--the Chinese challenge (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zeng, Ning -- Ding, Yihui -- Pan, Jiahua -- Wang, Huijun -- Gregg, Jay -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 8;319(5864):730-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1153368.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. zeng@atmos.umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Carbon Dioxide ; China ; *Climate ; Coal ; Conservation of Energy Resources ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Geography ; Greenhouse Effect ; Public Policy ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions, and potential solutions (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: Humans continue to transform the global nitrogen cycle at a record pace, reflecting an increased combustion of fossil fuels, growing demand for nitrogen in agriculture and industry, and pervasive inefficiencies in its use. Much anthropogenic nitrogen is lost to air, water, and land to cause a cascade of environmental and human health problems. Simultaneously, food production in some parts of the world is nitrogen-deficient, highlighting inequities in the distribution of nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Optimizing the need for a key human resource while minimizing its negative consequences requires an integrated interdisciplinary approach and the development of strategies to decrease nitrogen-containing waste.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galloway, James N -- Townsend, Alan R -- Erisman, Jan Willem -- Bekunda, Mateete -- Cai, Zucong -- Freney, John R -- Martinelli, Luiz A -- Seitzinger, Sybil P -- Sutton, Mark A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 16;320(5878):889-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1136674.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Sciences Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. jng@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487183" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/trends ; Animals ; Atmosphere ; Climate ; Commerce/trends ; Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Fossil Fuels ; Human Activities/trends ; Humans ; Industry/trends ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; *Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; *Reactive Nitrogen Species/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Ecology. Yosemite: protected but not preserved (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):597. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5876.597a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Deer ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; Oenothera biennis ; Population Dynamics ; *Quercus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Conservation biology. Puzzling over a Steller whodunit (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):44-5. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5872.44.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Fisheries ; Food Chain ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; *Sea Lions/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Endangered species. Wolves at the door of a more dangerous world (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):890-2. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5865.890.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Northwestern United States ; Population Density ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Wolves/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    Agriculture. Sustainable biofuels redux (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robertson, G Philip -- Dale, Virginia H -- Doering, Otto C -- Hamburg, Steven P -- Melillo, Jerry M -- Wander, Michele M -- Parton, William J -- Adler, Paul R -- Barney, Jacob N -- Cruse, Richard M -- Duke, Clifford S -- Fearnside, Philip M -- Follett, Ronald F -- Gibbs, Holly K -- Goldemberg, Jose -- Mladenoff, David J -- Ojima, Dennis -- Palmer, Michael W -- Sharpley, Andrew -- Wallace, Linda -- Weathers, Kathleen C -- Wiens, John A -- Wilhelm, Wallace W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 3;322(5898):49-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1161525.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉W. K. Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA. robertson@kbs.msu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18832631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/economics/methods ; Biomass ; *Cellulose ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/economics ; Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources/economics ; *Environment ; *Ethanol ; Internationality ; Public Policy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    Natal homing and connectivity in Atlantic bluefin tuna populations (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: Atlantic bluefin tuna populations are in steep decline, and an improved understanding of connectivity between individuals from eastern (Mediterranean Sea) and western (Gulf of Mexico) spawning areas is needed to manage remaining fisheries. Chemical signatures in the otoliths of yearlings from regional nurseries were distinct and served as natural tags to assess natal homing and mixing. Adults showed high rates of natal homing to both eastern and western spawning areas. Trans-Atlantic movement (east to west) was significant and size-dependent, with individuals of Mediterranean origin mixing with the western population in the U.S. Atlantic. The largest (oldest) bluefin tuna collected near the northern extent of their range in North American waters were almost exclusively of western origin, indicating that this region represents critical habitat for the western population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rooker, Jay R -- Secor, David H -- De Metrio, Gregorio -- Schloesser, Ryan -- Block, Barbara A -- Neilson, John D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 31;322(5902):742-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1161473. Epub 2008 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, 5007 Avenue U, Galveston, TX 77551, USA. rookerj@tamug.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18832611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Homing Behavior ; Likelihood Functions ; Mediterranean Sea ; Otolithic Membrane/chemistry ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Tuna/growth & development/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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