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  • 1
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    Insights into the Structure of the Spruce Budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) Genome, as Revealed by Molecular Cytogenetic Analyses and a High-Density Linkage Map (2018)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-01
    Description: Genome structure characterization can contribute to a better understanding of processes such as adaptation, speciation, and karyotype evolution, and can provide useful information for refining genome assemblies. We studied the genome of an important North American boreal forest pest, the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana , through a combination of molecular cytogenetic analyses and construction of a high-density linkage map based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained through a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. Cytogenetic analyses using fluorescence in situ hybridization methods confirmed the haploid chromosome number of n = 30 in both sexes of C. fumiferana and showed, for the first time, that this species has a WZ/ZZ sex chromosome system. Synteny analysis based on a comparison of the Bombyx mori genome and the C. fumiferana linkage map revealed the presence of a neo-Z chromosome in the latter species, as previously reported for other tortricid moths. In this neo-Z chromosome, we detected an ABC transporter C2 ( ABCC2 ) gene that has been associated with insecticide resistance. Sex-linkage of the ABCC2 gene provides a genomic context favorable to selection and rapid spread of resistance against Bacillus thuringiensis serotype kurstaki (Btk), the main insecticide used in Canada to control spruce budworm populations. Ultimately, the linkage map we developed, which comprises 3586 SNP markers distributed over 30 linkage groups for a total length of 1720.41 cM, will be a valuable tool for refining our draft assembly of the spruce budworm genome.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 2
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    Impacts of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on the open ocean (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: Increasing quantities of atmospheric anthropogenic fixed nitrogen entering the open ocean could account for up to about a third of the ocean's external (nonrecycled) nitrogen supply and up to approximately 3% of the annual new marine biological production, approximately 0.3 petagram of carbon per year. This input could account for the production of up to approximately 1.6 teragrams of nitrous oxide (N2O) per year. Although approximately 10% of the ocean's drawdown of atmospheric anthropogenic carbon dioxide may result from this atmospheric nitrogen fertilization, leading to a decrease in radiative forcing, up to about two-thirds of this amount may be offset by the increase in N2O emissions. The effects of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition are expected to continue to grow in the future.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Duce, R A -- LaRoche, J -- Altieri, K -- Arrigo, K R -- Baker, A R -- Capone, D G -- Cornell, S -- Dentener, F -- Galloway, J -- Ganeshram, R S -- Geider, R J -- Jickells, T -- Kuypers, M M -- Langlois, R -- Liss, P S -- Liu, S M -- Middelburg, J J -- Moore, C M -- Nickovic, S -- Oschlies, A -- Pedersen, T -- Prospero, J -- Schlitzer, R -- Seitzinger, S -- Sorensen, L L -- Uematsu, M -- Ulloa, O -- Voss, M -- Ward, B -- Zamora, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 16;320(5878):893-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1150369.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Atmosphere ; Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; *Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Oceans and Seas ; *Reactive Nitrogen Species/metabolism ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: The environmental conditions of Earth, including the climate, are determined by physical, chemical, biological, and human interactions that transform and transport materials and energy. This is the "Earth system": a highly complex entity characterized by multiple nonlinear responses and thresholds, with linkages between disparate components. One important part of this system is the iron cycle, in which iron-containing soil dust is transported from land through the atmosphere to the oceans, affecting ocean biogeochemistry and hence having feedback effects on climate and dust production. Here we review the key components of this cycle, identifying critical uncertainties and priorities for future research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jickells, T D -- An, Z S -- Andersen, K K -- Baker, A R -- Bergametti, G -- Brooks, N -- Cao, J J -- Boyd, P W -- Duce, R A -- Hunter, K A -- Kawahata, H -- Kubilay, N -- laRoche, J -- Liss, P S -- Mahowald, N -- Prospero, J M -- Ridgwell, A J -- Tegen, I -- Torres, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):67-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR47TJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; Desert Climate ; *Dust ; *Iron/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton/physiology ; *Seawater ; Soil
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Interactome network analysis identifies multiple caspase-6 interactors involved in the pathogenesis of HD (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-24
    Description: Caspase-6 (CASP6) has emerged as an important player in Huntington disease (HD), Alzheimer disease (AD) and cerebral ischemia, where it is activated early in the disease process. CASP6 also plays a key role in axonal degeneration, further underscoring the importance of this protease in neurodegenerative pathways. As a protein's function is modulated by its protein–protein interactions, we performed a high-throughput yeast-2-hybrid (Y2H) screen against ~17 000 human proteins to gain further insight into the function of CASP6. We identified a high-confidence list of 87 potential CASP6 interactors. From this list, 61% are predicted to contain a CASP6 recognition site. Of nine candidate substrates assessed, six are cleaved by CASP6. Proteins that did not contain a predicted CASP6 recognition site were assessed using a LUMIER assay approach, and 51% were further validated as interactors by this method. Of note, 54% of the high-confidence interactors identified show alterations in human HD brain at the mRNA level, and there is a significant enrichment for previously validated huntingtin (HTT) interactors. One protein of interest, STK3, a pro-apoptotic kinase, was validated biochemically to be a CASP6 substrate. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that in striatal cells expressing mutant huntingtin (mHTT), an increase in full length and fragment levels of STK3 are observed. We further show that caspase-3 is not essential for the endogenous cleavage of STK3. Characterization of the interaction network provides important new information regarding key pathways of interactors of CASP6 and highlights potential novel therapeutic targets for HD, AD and cerebral ischemia.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Doubling of marine dinitrogen-fixation rates based on direct measurements (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-08-11
    Description: Biological dinitrogen fixation provides the largest input of nitrogen to the oceans, therefore exerting important control on the ocean's nitrogen inventory and primary productivity. Nitrogen-isotope data from ocean sediments suggest that the marine-nitrogen inventory has been balanced for the past 3,000 years (ref. 4). Producing a balanced marine-nitrogen budget based on direct measurements has proved difficult, however, with nitrogen loss exceeding the gain from dinitrogen fixation by approximately 200 Tg N yr-1 (refs 5, 6). Here we present data from the Atlantic Ocean and show that the most widely used method of measuring oceanic N2-fixation rates underestimates the contribution of N2-fixing microorganisms (diazotrophs) relative to a newly developed method. Using molecular techniques to quantify the abundance of specific clades of diazotrophs in parallel with rates of 15N2 incorporation into particulate organic matter, we suggest that the difference between N2-fixation rates measured with the established method and those measured with the new method can be related to the composition of the diazotrophic community. Our data show that in areas dominated by Trichodesmium, the established method underestimates N2-fixation rates by an average of 62%. We also find that the newly developed method yields N2-fixation rates more than six times higher than those from the established method when unicellular, symbiotic cyanobacteria and gamma-proteobacteria dominate the diazotrophic community. On the basis of average areal rates measured over the Atlantic Ocean, we calculated basin-wide N2-fixation rates of 14 +/- 1 Tg N yr-1 and 24 +/-1 Tg N yr-1 for the established and new methods, respectively. If our findings can be extrapolated to other ocean basins, this suggests that the global marine N2-fixation rate derived from direct measurements may increase from 103 +/- 8 Tg N yr-1 to 177 +/- 8 Tg N yr-1, and that the contribution of N2 fixers other than Trichodesmium is much more significant than was previously thought.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grosskopf, Tobias -- Mohr, Wiebke -- Baustian, Tina -- Schunck, Harald -- Gill, Diana -- Kuypers, Marcel M M -- Lavik, Gaute -- Schmitz, Ruth A -- Wallace, Douglas W R -- LaRoche, Julie -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 16;488(7411):361-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11338.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany. tgrosskopf@geomar.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22878720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aquatic Organisms/*metabolism ; Atlantic Ocean ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/metabolism ; Diatoms/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation/*physiology ; Oxidoreductases/genetics ; Proteobacteria/genetics/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry ; Taq Polymerase/metabolism ; Temperature ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between oral famciclovir and allopurinol in healthy volunteers (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 46 (1994), S. 355-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Famciclovir ; Herpes ; Allopurinol ; pharmacokinetic interaction ; xanthine oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Famciclovir has been shown to have potent and selective activity against herpesviruses. The possibility of a pharmacokinetic interaction between the anti-viral agent, famciclovir and allopurinol has been investigated in twelve healthy male volunteers following a single oral dose of famciclovir (500 mg) in the presence and absence of steady-state levels of allopurinol (300 mg). Similarly, the pharmacokinetic profiles of allopurinol and oxypurinol prior to and following a single dose of famciclovir were compared. Mean values of Cmax, AUC and terminal-phase half-life for penciclovir following administration of famciclovir alone at 3.3 μg·ml-1, 8.8 μ·h·ml-1 and 2.1 h, respectively were unchanged by co-administration of allopurinol. Similarly, mean urinary recovery and renal clearance values of penciclovir following famciclovir alone were 56.8% and 271·h-1, and when given with allopurinol 59.7% and 27.51·h-1, respectively. No evidence of accumulation of the inactive precursor to penciclovir, BRL 42359, was noted as a result of co-administration of the two drugs. Mean steady-state Cmax, AUC and terminal-phase half-life values for allopurinol after co-administration of allopurinol with famciclovir also appeared unchanged from values obtained after dosing of allopurinol alone, at 2.12 μg·ml-1, 5.73 μg·h·ml-1 and 1.38h, respectively. Mean Cmax and AUC values of the active metabolite of allopurinol, oxypurinol were 11.2 μg·ml-1 and 96.0 μg·h·ml-1, respectively, and these were also unaltered by co-administration of famciclovir with allopurinol, with values of 10.6 μg/ml and 89.8 μg·h/ml, respectively. In summary, no evidence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between allopurinol and famciclovir was observed when the two drugs were given concomitantly to healthy volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole following single intravenous and oral administration to healthy male subjects (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 575-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pantoprazole ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole have been investigated following single intravenous infusion and single oral administration at a dose of 40 mg to 12 healthy male subjects in a randomised cross-over study. Both treatments were generally well tolerated and no relevant compound-related adverse events were noted. The plasma pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole following intravenous infusion in this group of subjects were characterised by a total plasma clearance of 0.13 l·h−1·kg−1 and apparent terminal elimination half-life 1.9 h. The apparent volume of distribution estimated at steady state (0.171·kg−1) was compatible with the localization of a major fraction of the compound in extracellular water. Following oral administration as an enteric-coated tablet formulation, a variable onset of absorption was followed by rapid attainment of maximum plasma concentrations of pantoprazole. Pantoprazole was well absorbed following oral administration; the absolute systemic bioavailability of the compound was estimated as 77% (95% CI, 67 to 89%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02440862
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a cDNA encoding for the 28.5-kDa LHCII apoprotein from the unicellular marine chlorophyte, Dunaliella tertiolecta
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 95 (1990), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Recombinant DNA ; algae ; cDNA clones ; light-harvesting complex ; nucleotide sequence ; thylakoid membranes ; transit peptide
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-1119(90)90358-X
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimie 63 (1981), S. XII 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9084
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9084(81)80028-4
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal patterns in a fish assemblage of a semiarid mangrove zone in Madagascar (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 51 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Gillnet sampling was conducted for a year in a tropical mangrove creek (SW Madagascar), characterized by a limited freshwater influence, a high turbidity and a tidal range up to 3 m. Sixty species of juvenile fishes were caught, 44 species being of commercial interest. Catches were dominated by Gerreidae (27% of total abundance), Teraponidae (16%), Carangidae (13%) and Sparidae (12%). The temporary resident fishes in the mangrove zone represented 50% of the species and 97% of the total abundance, the other species being rare (less than five individuals). The species richness, abundance and biomass per netting were low in the middle of the cool season (July-August). Monthly changes in the fish assemblage were particularly complex, with three species groups displaying a clear seasonal pattern, some species succeeding one another in a rather unstructured way, and three species abundant throughout the year. There was no clear structuring effect of temperature, salinity and turbidity on the fish assemblage. However, tidal, lunar and diel effects on the composition of the fish assemblage were evident. The species overlap between the Sarodrano mangrove fauna and the adjacent coral reef fauna is particularly weak with six species in common and shows that the mangrove plays only a very limited nursery role for coral reef species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb02509.x
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