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  • 1
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    Pacific Anthropogenic Carbon Between 1991 and 2017 (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract We estimate anthropogenic carbon (Canth) accumulation rates in the Pacific Ocean between 1991 and 2017 from 14 hydrographic sections that have been occupied two to four times over the past few decades, with most sections having been recently measured as part of the Global Ocean Ship‐based Hydrographic Investigations Program. The rate of change of Canth is estimated using a new method that combines the extended multiple linear regression method with improvements to address the challenges of analyzing multiple occupations of sections spaced irregularly in time. The Canth accumulation rate over the top 1,500 m of the Pacific increased from 8.8 (±1.1, 1σ) Pg of carbon per decade between 1995 and 2005 to 11.7 (±1.1) PgC per decade between 2005 and 2015. For the entire Pacific, about half of this decadal increase in the accumulation rate is attributable to the increase in atmospheric CO2, while in the South Pacific subtropical gyre this fraction is closer to one fifth. This suggests a substantial enhancement of the accumulation of Canth in the South Pacific by circulation variability and implies that a meaningful portion of the reinvigoration of the global CO2 sink that occurred between ~2000 and ~2010 could be driven by enhanced ocean Canth uptake and advection into this gyre. Our assessment suggests that the accuracy of Canth accumulation rate reconstructions along survey lines is limited by the accuracy of the full suite of hydrographic data and that a continuation of repeated surveys is a critical component of future carbon cycle monitoring.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 2
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    Contribution of fish to the marine inorganic carbon cycle (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-01-20
    Description: Oceanic production of calcium carbonate is conventionally attributed to marine plankton (coccolithophores and foraminifera). Here we report that marine fish produce precipitated carbonates within their intestines and excrete these at high rates. When combined with estimates of global fish biomass, this suggests that marine fish contribute 3 to 15% of total oceanic carbonate production. Fish carbonates have a higher magnesium content and solubility than traditional sources, yielding faster dissolution with depth. This may explain up to a quarter of the increase in titratable alkalinity within 1000 meters of the ocean surface, a controversial phenomenon that has puzzled oceanographers for decades. We also predict that fish carbonate production may rise in response to future environmental changes in carbon dioxide, and thus become an increasingly important component of the inorganic carbon cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, R W -- Millero, F J -- Taylor, J R -- Walsh, P J -- Christensen, V -- Jennings, S -- Grosell, M -- BB/D005108/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F009364/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- ISIS 1766/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jan 16;323(5912):359-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1157972.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK. r.w.wilson@ex.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19150840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/chemistry/*metabolism ; Carbon/chemistry ; Carbon Dioxide/blood ; Chemical Precipitation ; Ecosystem ; Fishes/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestines/*metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/physiology ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Solubility ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations over the past two centuries have led to greater CO2 uptake by the oceans. This acidification process has changed the saturation state of the oceans with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles. Here we estimate the in situ CaCO3 dissolution rates for the global oceans from total alkalinity and chlorofluorocarbon data, and we also discuss the future impacts of anthropogenic CO2 on CaCO3 shell-forming species. CaCO3 dissolution rates, ranging from 0.003 to 1.2 micromoles per kilogram per year, are observed beginning near the aragonite saturation horizon. The total water column CaCO3 dissolution rate for the global oceans is approximately 0.5 +/- 0.2 petagrams of CaCO3-C per year, which is approximately 45 to 65% of the export production of CaCO3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feely, Richard A -- Sabine, Christopher L -- Lee, Kitack -- Berelson, Will -- Kleypas, Joanie -- Fabry, Victoria J -- Millero, Frank J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):362-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115-6349, USA. richard.a.feely@noaa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthozoa/physiology ; Atmosphere ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/*analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; *Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Chlorophyta/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Industry ; Invertebrates/*physiology ; Oceans and Seas ; Plankton/*physiology ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Solubility
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2 (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-07-17
    Description: Using inorganic carbon measurements from an international survey effort in the 1990s and a tracer-based separation technique, we estimate a global oceanic anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) sink for the period from 1800 to 1994 of 118 +/- 19 petagrams of carbon. The oceanic sink accounts for approximately 48% of the total fossil-fuel and cement-manufacturing emissions, implying that the terrestrial biosphere was a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere of about 39 +/- 28 petagrams of carbon for this period. The current fraction of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions stored in the ocean appears to be about one-third of the long-term potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabine, Christopher L -- Feely, Richard A -- Gruber, Nicolas -- Key, Robert M -- Lee, Kitack -- Bullister, John L -- Wanninkhof, Rik -- Wong, C S -- Wallace, Douglas W R -- Tilbrook, Bronte -- Millero, Frank J -- Peng, Tsung-Hung -- Kozyr, Alexander -- Ono, Tsueno -- Rios, Aida F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):367-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA. chris.sabine@noaa.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15256665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atmosphere ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis ; Carbon/analysis/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis ; Fossil Fuels ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Industry ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Southern Ocean iron enrichment experiment: carbon cycling in high- and low-Si waters (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-04-17
    Description: The availability of iron is known to exert a controlling influence on biological productivity in surface waters over large areas of the ocean and may have been an important factor in the variation of the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide over glacial cycles. The effect of iron in the Southern Ocean is particularly important because of its large area and abundant nitrate, yet iron-enhanced growth of phytoplankton may be differentially expressed between waters with high silicic acid in the south and low silicic acid in the north, where diatom growth may be limited by both silicic acid and iron. Two mesoscale experiments, designed to investigate the effects of iron enrichment in regions with high and low concentrations of silicic acid, were performed in the Southern Ocean. These experiments demonstrate iron's pivotal role in controlling carbon uptake and regulating atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coale, Kenneth H -- Johnson, Kenneth S -- Chavez, Francisco P -- Buesseler, Ken O -- Barber, Richard T -- Brzezinski, Mark A -- Cochlan, William P -- Millero, Frank J -- Falkowski, Paul G -- Bauer, James E -- Wanninkhof, Rik H -- Kudela, Raphael M -- Altabet, Mark A -- Hales, Burke E -- Takahashi, Taro -- Landry, Michael R -- Bidigare, Robert R -- Wang, Xiujun -- Chase, Zanna -- Strutton, Pete G -- Friederich, Gernot E -- Gorbunov, Maxim Y -- Lance, Veronica P -- Hilting, Anna K -- Hiscock, Michael R -- Demarest, Mark -- Hiscock, William T -- Sullivan, Kevin F -- Tanner, Sara J -- Gordon, R Mike -- Hunter, Craig N -- Elrod, Virginia A -- Fitzwater, Steve E -- Jones, Janice L -- Tozzi, Sasha -- Koblizek, Michal -- Roberts, Alice E -- Herndon, Julian -- Brewster, Jodi -- Ladizinsky, Nicolas -- Smith, Geoffrey -- Cooper, David -- Timothy, David -- Brown, Susan L -- Selph, Karen E -- Sheridan, Cecelia C -- Twining, Benjamin S -- Johnson, Zackary I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 16;304(5669):408-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039-9647, USA. coale@mlml.calstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; Biomass ; Carbon/analysis/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/analysis/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Diatoms/growth & development/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; *Iron/analysis/metabolism ; Nitrates/analysis/metabolism ; Nitrogen/analysis/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Photosynthesis ; Phytoplankton/*growth & development/metabolism ; Seawater/chemistry ; *Silicic Acid/analysis/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of lonization of Aqueous Barbituric Acid and Substituted Barbituric Acids. (1965)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 10 (1965), S. 199-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je60025a043
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chloride ion and ionic strength on the response of a copper(II) ion-selective electrode (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 49 (1977), S. 877-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac50014a051
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Physical Chemistry of Seawater (1974)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2 (1974), S. 101-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6597
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.02.050174.000533
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density and conductivity properties of Na−CO3−Cl−SO4 brine from Mono Lake, California, USA (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 8 (1999), S. 41-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: Mono Lake ; saline ; density ; conductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Relationships among conductivity, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), and density were determined for hypersaline brine (TDS, 83 g kg−1) from Mono Lake. A theoretical estimate of density based on ionic composition and calculated partial molar volumes compared well with actual measurements (difference, 390 ppm). However, an empirically derived equation of state based on temperature and conductivity provides the most accurate density estimates (residual errors, 190 ppm) and can be used with data collected with CTD profilers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442136
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density and conductivity properties of Na−CO3−Cl−SO4 brine from Mono Lake, California, USA (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 8 (1999), S. 384-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442123
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