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  • 1
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    Virus population dynamics and acquired virus resistance in natural microbial communities (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Viruses shape microbial community structure and function by altering the fitness of their hosts and by promoting genetic exchange. The complexity of most natural ecosystems has precluded detailed studies of virus-host interactions. We reconstructed virus and host bacterial and archaeal genome sequences from community genomic data from two natural acidophilic biofilms. Viruses were matched to their hosts by analyzing spacer sequences that occur among clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) that are a hallmark of virus resistance. Virus population genomic analyses provided evidence that extensive recombination shuffles sequence motifs sufficiently to evade CRISPR spacers. Only the most recently acquired spacers match coexisting viruses, which suggests that community stability is achieved by rapid but compensatory shifts in host resistance levels and virus population structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andersson, Anders F -- Banfield, Jillian F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1047-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1157358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Earth and Planetary Science and Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497291" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Archaea/*genetics/physiology/*virology ; Archaeal Viruses/genetics/*physiology ; Bacteria/*genetics/*virology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bacteriophages/genetics/*physiology ; Base Sequence ; Biofilms ; DNA, Intergenic ; Ecosystem ; Genome, Archaeal ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genome, Viral ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Thermoplasmales/genetics/physiology/virology ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A minimalistic microbial food web in an excavated deep subsurface clay rock (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: Clay rocks are being considered for radioactive waste disposal, but relatively little is known about the impact of microbes on the long-term safety of geological repositories. Thus, a more complete understanding of microbial community structure and function in these environments would provide further detail for the evaluation of the safety of geological disposal of radioactive waste in clay rocks. It would also provide a unique glimpse into a poorly studied deep subsurface microbial ecosystem. Previous studies concluded that microorganisms were present in pristine Opalinus Clay, but inactive. In this work, we describe the microbial community and assess the metabolic activities taking place within borehole water. Metagenomic sequencing and genome-binning of a porewater sample containing suspended clay particles revealed a remarkably simple heterotrophic microbial community, fueled by sedimentary organic carbon, mainly composed of two organisms: a Pseudomonas sp. fermenting bacterium growing on organic macromolecules and releasing organic acids and H 2 , and a sulfate-reducing Peptococcaceae able to oxidize organic molecules to CO 2 . In Opalinus Clay, this microbial system likely thrives where pore space allows it. In a repository, this may occur where the clay rock has been locally damaged by excavation or in engineered backfills.
    Print ISSN: 0168-6496
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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