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    Pre-Columbian urbanism, anthropogenic landscapes, and the future of the Amazon (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-08-30
    Description: The archaeology of pre-Columbian polities in the Amazon River basin forces a reconsideration of early urbanism and long-term change in tropical forest landscapes. We describe settlement and land-use patterns of complex societies on the eve of European contact (after 1492) in the Upper Xingu region of the Brazilian Amazon. These societies were organized in articulated clusters, representing small independent polities, within a regional peer polity. These patterns constitute a "galactic" form of prehistoric urbanism, sharing features with small-scale urban polities in other areas. Understanding long-term change in coupled human-environment systems relating to these societies has implications for conservation and sustainable development, notably to control ecological degradation and maintain regional biodiversity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heckenberger, Michael J -- Russell, J Christian -- Fausto, Carlos -- Toney, Joshua R -- Schmidt, Morgan J -- Pereira, Edithe -- Franchetto, Bruna -- Kuikuro, Afukaka -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 29;321(5893):1214-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1159769.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. mheck@ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18755979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/history ; *Archaeology ; Biodiversity ; Brazil ; Cities/*history ; *Culture ; Ecosystem ; Environment Design ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Residence Characteristics ; Rivers ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Amazonia 1492: pristine forest or cultural parkland? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: Archaeology and indigenous history of Native Amazonian peoples in the Upper Xingu region of Brazil reveal unexpectedly complex regional settlement patterns and large-scale transformations of local landscapes over the past millennium. Mapping and excavation of archaeological structures document pronounced human-induced alteration of the forest cover, particularly in relation to large, dense late-prehistoric settlements (circa 1200 to 1600 A.D.). The findings contribute to debates on human carrying capacity, population size and settlement patterns, anthropogenic impacts on the environment, and the importance of indigenous knowledge, as well as contributing to the pride of place of the native peoples in this part of the Amazon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heckenberger, Michael J -- Kuikuro, Afukaka -- Kuikuro, Urissapa Tabata -- Russell, J Christian -- Schmidt, Morgan -- Fausto, Carlos -- Franchetto, Bruna -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1710-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. mheckenb@anthro.ufl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; *Archaeology ; Brazil ; *Culture ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Humans ; *Population Density ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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