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  • Articles  (203)
  • Male  (157)
  • Genes
  • Rats
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (203)
  • 2005-2009  (203)
  • 1980-1984
  • 2005  (203)
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  • Articles  (203)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (203)
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  • 2005-2009  (203)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
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    Representation of action-specific reward values in the striatum (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-29
    Description: The estimation of the reward an action will yield is critical in decision-making. To elucidate the role of the basal ganglia in this process, we recorded striatal neurons of monkeys who chose between left and right handle turns, based on the estimated reward probabilities of the actions. During a delay period before the choices, the activity of more than one-third of striatal projection neurons was selective to the values of one of the two actions. Fewer neurons were tuned to relative values or action choice. These results suggest representation of action values in the striatum, which can guide action selection in the basal ganglia circuit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samejima, Kazuyuki -- Ueda, Yasumasa -- Doya, Kenji -- Kimura, Minoru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1337-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computational Neurobiology, ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, 619-0288 Kyoto, Japan. samejima@lab.tamagawa.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; *Choice Behavior ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Female ; Macaca ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Probability ; Putamen/*physiology ; Regression Analysis ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; *Reward
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: We show that inferences of competence based solely on facial appearance predicted the outcomes of U.S. congressional elections better than chance (e.g., 68.8% of the Senate races in 2004) and also were linearly related to the margin of victory. These inferences were specific to competence and occurred within a 1-second exposure to the faces of the candidates. The findings suggest that rapid, unreflective trait inferences can contribute to voting choices, which are widely assumed to be based primarily on rational and deliberative considerations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Todorov, Alexander -- Mandisodza, Anesu N -- Goren, Amir -- Hall, Crystal C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1623-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. atodorov@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Character ; Decision Making ; *Face/anatomy & histology ; Federal Government ; Female ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Judgment ; Leadership ; Male ; *Mental Competency ; *Politics ; *Social Perception ; Stereotyping ; Trust ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Neuroscience. Preventing Alzheimer's: a lifelong commitment? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 5;309(5736):864-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16081709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/physiology ; Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Animals ; Brain/physiology ; Education ; *Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; *Mental Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Recurrent fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS transcription factor genes in prostate cancer (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-29
    Description: Recurrent chromosomal rearrangements have not been well characterized in common carcinomas. We used a bioinformatics approach to discover candidate oncogenic chromosomal aberrations on the basis of outlier gene expression. Two ETS transcription factors, ERG and ETV1, were identified as outliers in prostate cancer. We identified recurrent gene fusions of the 5' untranslated region of TMPRSS2 to ERG or ETV1 in prostate cancer tissues with outlier expression. By using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that 23 of 29 prostate cancer samples harbor rearrangements in ERG or ETV1. Cell line experiments suggest that the androgen-responsive promoter elements of TMPRSS2 mediate the overexpression of ETS family members in prostate cancer. These results have implications in the development of carcinomas and the molecular diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomlins, Scott A -- Rhodes, Daniel R -- Perner, Sven -- Dhanasekaran, Saravana M -- Mehra, Rohit -- Sun, Xiao-Wei -- Varambally, Sooryanarayana -- Cao, Xuhong -- Tchinda, Joelle -- Kuefer, Rainer -- Lee, Charles -- Montie, James E -- Shah, Rajal B -- Pienta, Kenneth J -- Rubin, Mark A -- Chinnaiyan, Arul M -- 5P30 CA46592/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA69568/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA97063/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01AG21404/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- UO1 CA111275-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):644-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0602, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgens/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics ; Serine Endopeptidases/*genetics ; Trans-Activators/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Translocation, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Ecological change, group territoriality, and population dynamics in Serengeti lions (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: Territorial behavior is expected to buffer populations against short-term environmental perturbations, but we have found that group living in African lions causes a complex response to long-term ecological change. Despite numerous gradual changes in prey availability and vegetative cover, regional populations of Serengeti lions remained stable for 10- to 20-year periods and only shifted to new equilibria in sudden leaps. Although gradually improving environmental conditions provided sufficient resources to permit the subdivision of preexisting territories, regional lion populations did not expand until short-term conditions supplied enough prey to generate large cohorts of surviving young. The results of a simulation model show that the observed pattern of "saltatory equilibria" results from the lions' grouping behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Packer, Craig -- Hilborn, Ray -- Mosser, Anna -- Kissui, Bernard -- Borner, Markus -- Hopcraft, Grant -- Wilmshurst, John -- Mduma, Simon -- Sinclair, Anthony R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):390-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. packer@cbs.umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15662005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Antelopes ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Lions/physiology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Social Behavior ; Stochastic Processes ; Tanzania ; *Territoriality
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Nod2-dependent regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in the intestinal tract (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-05
    Description: The gene encoding the Nod2 protein is frequently mutated in Crohn's disease (CD) patients, although the physiological function of Nod2 in the intestine remains elusive. Here we show that protective immunity mediated by Nod2 recognition of bacterial muramyl dipeptide is abolished in Nod2-deficient mice. These animals are susceptible to bacterial infection via the oral route but not through intravenous or peritoneal delivery. Nod2 is required for the expression of a subgroup of intestinal anti-microbial peptides, known as cryptdins. The Nod2 protein is thus a critical regulator of bacterial immunity within the intestine, providing a possible mechanism for Nod2 mutations in CD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobayashi, Koichi S -- Chamaillard, Mathias -- Ogura, Yasunori -- Henegariu, Octavian -- Inohara, Naohiro -- Nunez, Gabriel -- Flavell, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):731-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15692051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/*immunology ; Animals ; *Antibody Formation ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Ileum/*immunology/microbiology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunoglobulins/biosynthesis ; Interleukins/biosynthesis ; Intestinal Diseases/immunology/microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology/microbiology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*physiology ; Ligands ; Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity ; Listeria monocytogenes/growth & development/immunology/isolation & purification ; Listeriosis/*immunology/microbiology ; Liver/microbiology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology ; Mice ; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Protein Precursors/biosynthesis/genetics ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Serum Albumin/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Spleen/microbiology ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis ; alpha-Defensins/*biosynthesis/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    An entomopathogenic fungus for control of adult African malaria mosquitoes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: Biological control of malaria mosquitoes in Africa has rarely been used in vector control programs. Recent developments in this field show that certain fungi are virulent to adult Anopheles mosquitoes. Practical delivery of an entomopathogenic fungus that infected and killed adult Anopheles gambiae, Africa's main malaria vector, was achieved in rural African village houses. An entomological inoculation rate model suggests that implementation of this vector control method, even at the observed moderate coverage during a field study in Tanzania, would significantly reduce malaria transmission intensity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scholte, Ernst-Jan -- Ng'habi, Kija -- Kihonda, Japheth -- Takken, Willem -- Paaijmans, Krijn -- Abdulla, Salim -- Killeen, Gerry F -- Knols, Bart G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1641-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Post Office Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/*microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Culex/microbiology/physiology ; Female ; Housing ; *Hypocreales/pathogenicity/physiology ; Insect Vectors/*microbiology/parasitology/physiology ; Longevity ; Malaria/prevention & control/transmission ; Male ; *Mitosporic Fungi/pathogenicity/physiology ; Models, Biological ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Plasmodium ; Spores, Fungal ; Tanzania
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Physiology. Boosting gene extends mouse life span (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1310-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Female ; Glucuronidase ; Insulin/blood/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Longevity/*genetics ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/blood/*genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Gender-specific reproductive tissue in ratites and Tyrannosaurus rex (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-04
    Description: Unambiguous indicators of gender in dinosaurs are usually lost during fossilization, along with other aspects of soft tissue anatomy. We report the presence of endosteally derived bone tissues lining the interior marrow cavities of portions of Tyrannosaurus rex (Museum of the Rockies specimen number 1125) hindlimb elements, and we hypothesize that these tissues are homologous to specialized avian tissues known as medullary bone. Because medullary bone is unique to female birds, its discovery in extinct dinosaurs solidifies the link between dinosaurs and birds, suggests similar reproductive strategies, and provides an objective means of gender differentiation in dinosaurs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schweitzer, Mary H -- Wittmeyer, Jennifer L -- Horner, John R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1456-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. schweitzer@ncsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15933198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology/ultrastructure ; Chickens/anatomy & histology ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology ; Dromaiidae/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Femur/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Palaeognathae/*anatomy & histology ; Reproduction ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Determination Analysis ; Struthioniformes/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    High-risk research. Six women among 13 NIH 'Pioneers' (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Awards and Prizes ; *Biomedical Research ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Personnel ; United States ; *Women
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    The last great apes? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jolly, Alison -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Hominidae/psychology ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Animal behavior. Strong personalities can pose problems in the mating game (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 29;309(5735):694-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051767" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aggression ; Animals ; *Arthropods/physiology ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Birds/physiology ; Female ; Heteroptera/physiology ; Male ; Paternal Behavior ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Smegmamorpha/physiology ; Spiders/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Transoceanic migration, spatial dynamics, and population linkages of white sharks (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-08
    Description: The large-scale spatial dynamics and population structure of marine top predators are poorly known. We present electronic tag and photographic identification data showing a complex suite of behavioral patterns in white sharks. These include coastal return migrations and the fastest known transoceanic return migration among swimming fauna, which provide direct evidence of a link between widely separated populations in South Africa and Australia. Transoceanic return migration involved a return to the original capture location, dives to depths of 980 meters, and the tolerance of water temperatures as low as 3.4 degrees C. These findings contradict previous ideas that female white sharks do not make transoceanic migrations, and they suggest natal homing behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonfil, Ramon -- Meyer, Michael -- Scholl, Michael C -- Johnson, Ryan -- O'Brien, Shannon -- Oosthuizen, Herman -- Swanson, Stephan -- Kotze, Deon -- Paterson, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):100-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA. rbonfil@wcs.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Australia ; Behavior, Animal ; Cues ; Female ; Homing Behavior ; Indian Ocean ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Satellite Communications ; Sex Characteristics ; Sharks/*physiology ; South Africa ; Swimming ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Global circumnavigations: tracking year-round ranges of nonbreeding albatrosses (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-18
    Description: Although albatrosses are paradigms of oceanic specialization, their foraging areas and migration routes when not breeding remain essentially unknown. Our continuous remote tracking of 22 adult gray-headed albatrosses for over 30 bird-years reveals three distinct strategies: (i) Stay in breeding home range; (ii) make return migrations to a specific area of the southwest Indian Ocean; and (iii) make one or more global circumnavigations (the fastest in just 46 days). The consistencies in patterns, routes, and timings offer the first hope of identifying areas of critical habitat for nonbreeding albatrosses, wherein appropriate management of longline fisheries might alleviate the plight of the world's most threatened family of birds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Croxall, John P -- Silk, Janet R D -- Phillips, Richard A -- Afanasyev, Vsevolod -- Briggs, Dirk R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):249-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK. jpcr@bas.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653503" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Birds/*physiology ; Breeding ; Environment ; Female ; *Homing Behavior ; Male ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Sex Characteristics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Ecology. North Atlantic right whales in crisis (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kraus, Scott D -- Brown, Moira W -- Caswell, Hal -- Clark, Christopher W -- Fujiwara, Masami -- Hamilton, Philip K -- Kenney, Robert D -- Knowlton, Amy R -- Landry, Scott -- Mayo, Charles A -- McLellan, William A -- Moore, Michael J -- Nowacek, Douglas P -- Pabst, D Ann -- Read, Andrew J -- Rolland, Rosalind M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):561-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Edgerton Research Laboratory, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110-3399, USA. skraus@neaq.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; Fisheries ; Male ; Mortality ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Public Policy ; Reproduction ; Ships ; *Whales/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Reproductive biology. A powerful first KiSS-1 (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):551-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/physiology ; Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/physiology/secretion ; Humans ; Hypogonadism/genetics ; Kisspeptins ; Leptin/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Mutation ; Neurons/physiology ; Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Puberty/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Receptors, Leptin ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/genetics/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A selective inhibitor of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation protects cells from ER stress (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-12
    Description: Most protein phosphatases have little intrinsic substrate specificity, making selective pharmacological inhibition of specific dephosphorylation reactions a challenging problem. In a screen for small molecules that protect cells from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, we identified salubrinal, a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2alpha). Salubrinal also blocks eIF2alpha dephosphorylation mediated by a herpes simplex virus protein and inhibits viral replication. These results suggest that selective chemical inhibitors of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation may be useful in diseases involving ER stress or viral infection. More broadly, salubrinal demonstrates the feasibility of selective pharmacological targeting of cellular dephosphorylation events.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boyce, Michael -- Bryant, Kevin F -- Jousse, Celine -- Long, Kai -- Harding, Heather P -- Scheuner, Donalyn -- Kaufman, Randal J -- Ma, Dawei -- Coen, Donald M -- Ron, David -- Yuan, Junying -- AI19838/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI26077/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DDK42394/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK47119/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- ES08681/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- GM64703/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS35138/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37-AG012859/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 11;307(5711):935-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15705855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; Cinnamates/*pharmacology/toxicity ; *Cytoprotection ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/*metabolism ; Genes, Reporter ; Herpesvirus 1, Human/drug effects/physiology ; Keratitis, Herpetic/drug therapy/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Oxazoles/pharmacology/toxicity ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Phosphatase 1 ; Proteins/metabolism ; Rats ; Thiourea/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Tunicamycin/pharmacology ; Viral Proteins/metabolism ; Virus Replication/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genetics. In voles, a little extra DNA makes for faithful mates (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1533.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arvicolinae/*genetics/physiology/psychology ; *Behavior, Animal ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Male ; *Microsatellite Repeats ; Pair Bond ; Paternal Behavior ; Receptors, Vasopressin/*genetics/metabolism ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The molecular requirements for cytokinesis (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: After anaphase onset, animal cells build an actomyosin contractile ring that constricts the plasma membrane to generate two daughter cells connected by a cytoplasmic bridge. The bridge is ultimately severed to complete cytokinesis. Myriad techniques have been used to identify proteins that participate in cytokinesis in vertebrates, insects, and nematodes. A conserved core of about 20 proteins are individually involved with cytokinesis in most animal cells. These components are found in the contractile ring, on the central spindle, within the RhoA pathway, and on vesicles that expand the membrane and sever the bridge. Cytokinesis involves additional proteins, but they, or their requirement in cytokinesis, are not conserved among animal cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glotzer, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1735-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Dr. BohrGasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. mglotzer@imp.univie.ac.at〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; *Cytokinesis/genetics ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism ; Genes ; Membrane Fusion/physiology ; Microtubules/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Myosins/metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neandertals revisited meeting. The question of sex (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 11;307(5711):841.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15705826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis ; Female ; Fossils ; Hominidae/classification/*genetics ; Humans ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior
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    DISC1 and PDE4B are interacting genetic factors in schizophrenia that regulate cAMP signaling (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: The disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene is a candidate susceptibility factor for schizophrenia, but its mechanistic role in the disorder is unknown. Here we report that the gene encoding phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) is disrupted by a balanced translocation in a subject diagnosed with schizophrenia and a relative with chronic psychiatric illness. The PDEs inactivate adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), a second messenger implicated in learning, memory, and mood. We show that DISC1 interacts with the UCR2 domain of PDE4B and that elevation of cellular cAMP leads to dissociation of PDE4B from DISC1 and an increase in PDE4B activity. We propose a mechanistic model whereby DISC1 sequesters PDE4B in resting cells and releases it in an activated state in response to elevated cAMP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Millar, J Kirsty -- Pickard, Benjamin S -- Mackie, Shaun -- James, Rachel -- Christie, Sheila -- Buchanan, Sebastienne R -- Malloy, M Pat -- Chubb, Jennifer E -- Huston, Elaine -- Baillie, George S -- Thomson, Pippa A -- Hill, Elaine V -- Brandon, Nicholas J -- Rain, Jean-Christophe -- Camargo, L Miguel -- Whiting, Paul J -- Houslay, Miles D -- Blackwood, Douglas H R -- Muir, Walter J -- Porteous, David J -- G8604010/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1187-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. Kirsty.Millar@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/*genetics/metabolism ; Adult ; Affective Disorders, Psychotic/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Cadherins/genetics ; Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 ; Enzyme Activation ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Schizophrenia/enzymology/*genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Translocation, Genetic
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    SLC24A5, a putative cation exchanger, affects pigmentation in zebrafish and humans (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-17
    Description: Lighter variations of pigmentation in humans are associated with diminished number, size, and density of melanosomes, the pigmented organelles of melanocytes. Here we show that zebrafish golden mutants share these melanosomal changes and that golden encodes a putative cation exchanger slc24a5 (nckx5) that localizes to an intracellular membrane, likely the melanosome or its precursor. The human ortholog is highly similar in sequence and functional in zebrafish. The evolutionarily conserved ancestral allele of a human coding polymorphism predominates in African and East Asian populations. In contrast, the variant allele is nearly fixed in European populations, is associated with a substantial reduction in regional heterozygosity, and correlates with lighter skin pigmentation in admixed populations, suggesting a key role for the SLC24A5 gene in human pigmentation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamason, Rebecca L -- Mohideen, Manzoor-Ali P K -- Mest, Jason R -- Wong, Andrew C -- Norton, Heather L -- Aros, Michele C -- Jurynec, Michael J -- Mao, Xianyun -- Humphreville, Vanessa R -- Humbert, Jasper E -- Sinha, Soniya -- Moore, Jessica L -- Jagadeeswaran, Pudur -- Zhao, Wei -- Ning, Gang -- Makalowska, Izabela -- McKeigue, Paul M -- O'donnell, David -- Kittles, Rick -- Parra, Esteban J -- Mangini, Nancy J -- Grunwald, David J -- Shriver, Mark D -- Canfield, Victor A -- Cheng, Keith C -- CA73935/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY11308/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD37572/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD40179/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HG002154/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HL077910/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RR017441/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1782-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Foundation, Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/genetics ; African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Alanine/genetics ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antiporters/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Calcium/metabolism ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Ion Transport ; Melanins/analysis ; Melanosomes/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Mutation ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection, Genetic ; Skin Pigmentation/*genetics ; Threonine/genetics ; Zebrafish/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Zebrafish Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology
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    Long-term modulation of electrical synapses in the mammalian thalamus (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-17
    Description: Electrical synapses are common between inhibitory neurons in the mammalian thalamus and neocortex. Synaptic modulation, which allows flexibility of communication between neurons, has been studied extensively at chemical synapses, but modulation of electrical synapses in the mammalian brain has barely been examined. We found that the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors, via endogenous neurotransmitter or by agonist, causes long-term reduction of electrical synapse strength between the inhibitory neurons of the rat thalamic reticular nucleus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landisman, Carole E -- Connors, Barry W -- NS050434/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS25983/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS40528/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1809-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. Carole_Landisman@hms.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cycloleucine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; Electric Stimulation ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Gap Junctions/*physiology ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei/cytology/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Neocortex/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology
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    PERIOD1-associated proteins modulate the negative limb of the mammalian circadian oscillator (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-30
    Description: The clock proteins PERIOD1 (PER1) and PERIOD2 (PER2) play essential roles in a negative transcriptional feedback loop that generates circadian rhythms in mammalian cells. We identified two PER1-associated factors, NONO and WDR5, that modulate PER activity. The reduction of NONO expression by RNA interference (RNAi) attenuated circadian rhythms in mammalian cells, and fruit flies carrying a hypomorphic allele were nearly arrhythmic. WDR5, a subunit of histone methyltransferase complexes, augmented PER-mediated transcriptional repression, and its reduction by RNAi diminished circadian histone methylations at the promoter of a clock gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Steven A -- Ripperger, Juergen -- Kadener, Sebastian -- Fleury-Olela, Fabienne -- Vilbois, Francis -- Rosbash, Michael -- Schibler, Ueli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):693-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and National Centres of Competence in Research (NCCR) Frontiers in Genetics, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland. steven.brown@molbio.unige.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line ; *Circadian Rhythm ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/metabolism ; Immunoprecipitation ; Male ; Methylation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1 ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection
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    Genetics. Spliced gene determines objects of flies' desire (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-06-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1392.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15933167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain ; *Courtship ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Female ; Ganglia, Invertebrate ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; *RNA Splicing ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology
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    Developmental biology. Endocrine disrupters trigger fertility problems in multiple generations (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-06-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 3;308(5727):1391-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15933166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgen Antagonists/*toxicity ; Animals ; Endocrine Glands/*drug effects ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects ; Female ; Fertility/*drug effects/genetics ; Humans ; Infertility, Male/chemically induced/genetics ; Inheritance Patterns ; Insecticides/*toxicity ; Male ; Methoxychlor/*toxicity ; Oxazoles/*toxicity ; Pregnancy
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    Self-propagating, molecular-level polymorphism in Alzheimer's beta-amyloid fibrils (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-18
    Description: Amyloid fibrils commonly exhibit multiple distinct morphologies in electron microscope and atomic force microscope images, often within a single image field. By using electron microscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements on fibrils formed by the 40-residue beta-amyloid peptide of Alzheimer's disease (Abeta(1-40)), we show that different fibril morphologies have different underlying molecular structures, that the predominant structure can be controlled by subtle variations in fibril growth conditions, and that both morphology and molecular structure are self-propagating when fibrils grow from preformed seeds. Different Abeta(1-40) fibril morphologies also have significantly different toxicities in neuronal cell cultures. These results have implications for the mechanism of amyloid formation, the phenomenon of strains in prion diseases, the role of amyloid fibrils in amyloid diseases, and the development of amyloid-based nano-materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Petkova, Aneta T -- Leapman, Richard D -- Guo, Zhihong -- Yau, Wai-Ming -- Mattson, Mark P -- Tycko, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):262-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-0520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*chemistry/toxicity/*ultrastructure ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemistry, Physical ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Molecular Structure ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Peptide Fragments/*chemistry/toxicity/*ultrastructure ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rats
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    Aggressive, or just looking for a good mate? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aisenberg, Anita D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1491.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aggression ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Spiders/*physiology
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    Neuroscience. Similar is different in hippocampal networks (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buzsaki, Gyorgy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 22;309(5734):568-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. buzsaki@axon.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16040697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Electrophysiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Memory/*physiology ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Perception/physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Space Perception/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Bacterial immunity traded for sperm viability in male crickets (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-24
    Description: The notion that a trade-off exists between immunity and reproduction is now a central concept in theories of sexual selection. However, whether such a trade-off exists between immunity and gamete viability has not been established. Here we show that genetic variance for high levels of an immune response required to fight bacterial infections is associated with genetic variance for low sperm viability. These data have implications for our understanding of sexual selection mechanisms and of reproductive costs in male longevity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simmons, Leigh W -- Roberts, Benjamin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 23;309(5743):2031.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Evolutionary Biology Research Group, School of Animal Biology (M092), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. lsimmons@cyllene.uwa.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Gryllidae/genetics/*immunology/*physiology ; Hemocytes/immunology ; Immunity, Cellular ; Male ; Micrococcus/*immunology ; Muramidase/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Reproduction ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ancient DNA from the first European farmers in 7500-year-old Neolithic sites (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-15
    Description: The ancestry of modern Europeans is a subject of debate among geneticists, archaeologists, and anthropologists. A crucial question is the extent to which Europeans are descended from the first European farmers in the Neolithic Age 7500 years ago or from Paleolithic hunter-gatherers who were present in Europe since 40,000 years ago. Here we present an analysis of ancient DNA from early European farmers. We successfully extracted and sequenced intact stretches of maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 24 out of 57 Neolithic skeletons from various locations in Germany, Austria, and Hungary. We found that 25% of the Neolithic farmers had one characteristic mtDNA type and that this type formerly was widespread among Neolithic farmers in Central Europe. Europeans today have a 150-times lower frequency (0.2%) of this mtDNA type, revealing that these first Neolithic farmers did not have a strong genetic influence on modern European female lineages. Our finding lends weight to a proposed Paleolithic ancestry for modern Europeans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haak, Wolfgang -- Forster, Peter -- Bramanti, Barbara -- Matsumura, Shuichi -- Brandt, Guido -- Tanzer, Marc -- Villems, Richard -- Renfrew, Colin -- Gronenborn, Detlef -- Alt, Kurt Werner -- Burger, Joachim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 11;310(5750):1016-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. haakw@uni-mainz.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16284177" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Austria ; Base Sequence ; Computer Simulation ; Cultural Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/chemistry/classification/*genetics/history ; Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics/history ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Drift ; Genetics, Population ; Germany ; Haplotypes ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Hungary ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Population Dynamics
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    Diversity. Summers's comments draw attention to gender, racial gaps (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, Andrew -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):492-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Career Mobility ; *Engineering ; Female ; Genes ; Humans ; Male ; *Prejudice ; *Science ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genetics. Harvesting medical information from the human family tree (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altshuler, David -- Clark, Andrew G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1052-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. altshuler@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/*genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Databases, Genetic ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; *Multifactorial Inheritance ; Mutation ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Recombination, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Neuroscience. Attractors in memory (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poucet, Bruno -- Save, Etienne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 6;308(5723):799-800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurobiology and Cognition, CNRS-Universite Aix-Marseille, Centre Saint-Charles, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France. bpoucet@up.univ-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Environment ; Form Perception ; Hippocampus/*cytology/*physiology ; Learning ; Memory/*physiology ; Orientation ; Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Space Perception
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    Wanted: women in clinical trials (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simon, Viviana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1517.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947140" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Research Design ; Research Support as Topic ; *Sex Characteristics ; United States ; *Women ; Women's Health
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    How visual stimuli activate dopaminergic neurons at short latency (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-05
    Description: Unexpected, biologically salient stimuli elicit a short-latency, phasic response in midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Although this signal is important for reinforcement learning, the information it conveys to forebrain target structures remains uncertain. One way to decode the phasic DA signal would be to determine the perceptual properties of sensory inputs to DA neurons. After local disinhibition of the superior colliculus in anesthetized rats, DA neurons became visually responsive, whereas disinhibition of the visual cortex was ineffective. As the primary source of visual afferents, the limited processing capacities of the colliculus may constrain the visual information content of phasic DA responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dommett, Eleanor -- Coizet, Veronique -- Blaha, Charles D -- Martindale, John -- Lefebvre, Veronique -- Walton, Natalie -- Mayhew, John E W -- Overton, Paul G -- Redgrave, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 4;307(5714):1476-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Electrochemistry ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; Habituation, Psychophysiologic ; Neostriatum/physiology ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Photic Stimulation ; Rats ; *Reaction Time ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Reward ; Substantia Nigra/*physiology ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology ; Ventral Tegmental Area/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Pathways/physiology
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    fgf20 is essential for initiating zebrafish fin regeneration (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-24
    Description: Epimorphic regeneration requires the presence or creation of pluripotent cells capable of reproducing lost organs. Zebrafish fin regeneration is mediated by the creation of blastema cells. Here, we characterize the devoid of blastema (dob) mutant that fails fin regeneration during initial steps, forms abnormal regeneration epithelium, and does not form blastema. This mutation has no impact on embryonic survival. Dob results from an fgf20a null mutation, Y148S. Fgf20a is expressed during initiation of fin regeneration at the epithelial-mesenchymal boundary and later overlaps with the blastema marker msxb. Thus, fgf20a has a regeneration-specific requirement, initiating fin regeneration, and controlling blastema formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitehead, Geoffrey G -- Makino, Shinji -- Lien, Ching-Ling -- Keating, Mark T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 23;310(5756):1957-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16373575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Extremities ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/*physiology ; Homeodomain Proteins/biosynthesis ; Male ; Mesoderm ; Mutation ; Regeneration/genetics/*physiology ; Temperature ; Wound Healing ; Zebrafish ; Zebrafish Proteins/biosynthesis/*physiology
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    Genetics. Motivating hotspots (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-15
    Description: Only recently have we begun to characterize fine-scale recombination rates in mammals. In her Perspective, Przeworski discusses the work by Myers et al. in which linkage disequilibrium data have been used to produce a high-resolution recombination map for most of the human genome. More than 25,000 putative hotspots have been identified, as well as the first motifs that appear to influence their intensity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Przeworski, Molly -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):247-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 57th Street, 507F CLSC, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. mfp@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224010" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; Female ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Recombination, Genetic/*genetics
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    Microsatellite instability generates diversity in brain and sociobehavioral traits (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: Repetitive microsatellites mutate at relatively high rates and may contribute to the rapid evolution of species-typical traits. We show that individual alleles of a repetitive polymorphic microsatellite in the 5' region of the prairie vole vasopressin 1a receptor (avpr1a) gene modify gene expression in vitro. In vivo, we observe that this regulatory polymorphism predicts both individual differences in receptor distribution patterns and socio-behavioral traits. These data suggest that individual differences in gene expression patterns may be conferred via polymorphic microsatellites in the cis-regulatory regions of genes and may contribute to normal variation in behavioral traits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hammock, Elizabeth A D -- Young, Larry J -- MH56897/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH64692/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH67397/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RR00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1630-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Anxiety ; Arvicolinae/*genetics/physiology/psychology ; Base Sequence ; *Behavior, Animal ; Brain/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Grooming ; Male ; *Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Odors ; Pair Bond ; Paternal Behavior ; Receptors, Vasopressin/*genetics/metabolism ; *Social Behavior
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Uncharged tRNA and sensing of amino acid deficiency in mammalian piriform cortex (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: Recognizing a deficiency of indispensable amino acids (IAAs) for protein synthesis is vital for dietary selection in metazoans, including humans. Cells in the brain's anterior piriform cortex (APC) are sensitive to IAA deficiency, signaling diet rejection and foraging for complementary IAA sources, but the mechanism is unknown. Here we report that the mechanism for recognizing IAA-deficient foods follows the conserved general control (GC) system, wherein uncharged transfer RNA induces phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) via the GC nonderepressing 2 (GCN2) kinase. Thus, a basic mechanism of nutritional stress management functions in mammalian brain to guide food selection for survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hao, Shuzhen -- Sharp, James W -- Ross-Inta, Catherine M -- McDaniel, Brent J -- Anthony, Tracy G -- Wek, Ronald C -- Cavener, Douglas R -- McGrath, Barbara C -- Rudell, John B -- Koehnle, Thomas J -- Gietzen, Dorothy W -- GM49164/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS043231/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS33347/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1776-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Amino Acids, Essential/*administration & dosage/analysis/*deficiency ; Animals ; Diet ; Eating ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/*metabolism ; *Food ; Food Preferences ; Leucine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Olfactory Pathways/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; RNA, Transfer/*metabolism ; Rats ; Stereoisomerism ; Threonine/administration & dosage ; eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
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    Interindividual variation in posture allocation: possible role in human obesity (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: Obesity occurs when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Humans expend energy through purposeful exercise and through changes in posture and movement that are associated with the routines of daily life [called nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)]. To examine NEAT's role in obesity, we recruited 10 lean and 10 mildly obese sedentary volunteers and measured their body postures and movements every half-second for 10 days. Obese individuals were seated, on average, 2 hours longer per day than lean individuals. Posture allocation did not change when the obese individuals lost weight or when lean individuals gained weight, suggesting that it is biologically determined. If obese individuals adopted the NEAT-enhanced behaviors of their lean counterparts, they might expend an additional 350 calories (kcal) per day.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, James A -- Lanningham-Foster, Lorraine M -- McCrady, Shelly K -- Krizan, Alisa C -- Olson, Leslie R -- Kane, Paul H -- Jensen, Michael D -- Clark, Matthew M -- DK56650/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK63226/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK66270/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR00585/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):584-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Jim@Mayo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; *Body Weight ; Energy Intake ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Motor Activity ; *Movement ; Obesity/*physiopathology ; Overnutrition ; Pilot Projects ; *Posture ; *Thermogenesis ; Weight Gain ; Weight Loss
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    The science of social diseases (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dye, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 14;307(5707):181.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15653468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Baltic States/epidemiology ; *Delivery of Health Care ; Health Services Research ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Russia/epidemiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Tuberculosis/*epidemiology/prevention & control
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    Observing others: multiple action representation in the frontal lobe (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-15
    Description: Observation of actions performed by others activates monkey ventral premotor cortex, where action meaning, but not object identity, is coded. In a functional MRI (fMRI) study, we investigated whether other monkey frontal areas respond to actions performed by others. Observation of a hand grasping objects activated four frontal areas: rostral F5 and areas 45B, 45A, and 46. Observation of an individual grasping an object also activated caudal F5, which indicates different degrees of action abstraction in F5. Observation of shapes activated area 45, but not premotor F5. Convergence of object and action information in area 45 may be important for full comprehension of actions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelissen, Koen -- Luppino, Giuseppe -- Vanduffel, Wim -- Rizzolatti, Giacomo -- Orban, Guy A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):332-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratorium voor Neuro-en Psychofysiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Medical School, Leuven, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Humans ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Macaca mulatta ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Motion Perception/*physiology ; Motor Activity ; Neurons/physiology ; Videotape Recording
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    Bone quality fills holes in fracture risk (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1580.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aging ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone and Bones/*cytology/pathology/*physiology ; Female ; Finite Element Analysis ; Fractures, Bone/*etiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Osteoblasts/physiology ; Osteoclasts/physiology ; Osteoporosis/pathology/*physiopathology ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/pathology/*physiopathology ; Risk Assessment ; Sex Characteristics ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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    Wolbachia establishment and invasion in an Aedes aegypti laboratory population (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-15
    Description: A proposed strategy to aid in controlling the growing burden of vector-borne disease is population replacement, in which a natural vector population is replaced by a population with a reduced capacity for disease transmission. An important component of such a strategy is the drive system, which serves to spread a desired genotype into the targeted field population. Endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria are potential transgene drivers, but infections do not naturally occur in some important mosquito vectors, notably Aedes aegypti. In this work, stable infections of wAlbB Wolbachia were established in A. aegypti and caused high rates of cytoplasmic incompatibility (that is, elimination of egg hatch). Laboratory cage tests demonstrated the ability of wAlbB to spread into an A. aegypti population after seeding of an uninfected population with infected females, reaching infection fixation within seven generations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xi, Zhiyong -- Khoo, Cynthia C H -- Dobson, Stephen L -- AI-51533/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):326-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*microbiology ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Insect Vectors/microbiology ; Male ; Pest Control, Biological ; Reproduction ; Wolbachia/*physiology
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    Whole-genome patterns of common DNA variation in three human populations (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: Individual differences in DNA sequence are the genetic basis of human variability. We have characterized whole-genome patterns of common human DNA variation by genotyping 1,586,383 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 71 Americans of European, African, and Asian ancestry. Our results indicate that these SNPs capture most common genetic variation as a result of linkage disequilibrium, the correlation among common SNP alleles. We observe a strong correlation between extended regions of linkage disequilibrium and functional genomic elements. Our data provide a tool for exploring many questions that remain regarding the causal role of common human DNA variation in complex human traits and for investigating the nature of genetic variation within and between human populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hinds, David A -- Stuve, Laura L -- Nilsen, Geoffrey B -- Halperin, Eran -- Eskin, Eleazar -- Ballinger, Dennis G -- Frazer, Kelly A -- Cox, David R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1072-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Perlegen Sciences Inc., 2021 Stierlin Court, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Americans/*genetics ; Algorithms ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosome Mapping ; Databases, Genetic ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Recombination, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Selection, Genetic
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    Expanded repeat in canine epilepsy (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-08
    Description: Epilepsy afflicts 1% of humans and 5% of dogs. We report a canine epilepsy mutation and evidence for the existence of repeat-expansion disease outside humans. A canid-specific unstable dodecamer repeat in the Epm2b (Nhlrc1) gene recurrently expands, causing a fatal epilepsy and contributing to the high incidence of canine epilepsy. Tracing the repeat origins revealed two successive events, starting 50 million years ago, unique to canid evolution. A genetic test, presented here, will allow carrier and presymptomatic diagnosis and disease eradication. Clinicopathologic characterization establishes affected animals as a model for Lafora disease, the most severe teenage-onset human epilepsy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lohi, Hannes -- Young, Edwin J -- Fitzmaurice, Susan N -- Rusbridge, Clare -- Chan, Elayne M -- Vervoort, Mike -- Turnbull, Julie -- Zhao, Xiao-Chu -- Ianzano, Leonarda -- Paterson, Andrew D -- Sutter, Nathan B -- Ostrander, Elaine A -- Andre, Catherine -- Shelton, G Diane -- Ackerley, Cameron A -- Scherer, Stephen W -- Minassian, Berge A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 7;307(5706):81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15637270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA Repeat Expansion ; Dog Diseases/*genetics ; Dogs/*genetics ; Female ; Lafora Disease/genetics/*veterinary ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Identification of the sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: The sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, has been characterized as gentisyl quinone isovalerate. This cockroach is a major cause of allergic disease and serves as a mechanical vector of pathogens, making it one of the most important residential and food-associated pests worldwide. The sex pheromone-producing gland in adult females was identified in 1993, but thermal instability of the pheromone made characterization difficult. Now, using a new preparative gas chromatography approach coupled with electroantennographic detection, we have isolated and characterized the pheromone, which we term blattellaquinone, and confirmed the identification by chemical synthesis. The synthetic pheromone was active in behavioral assays and highly effective in field trapping tests, which suggest that it may provide a new tool in cockroach population detection, monitoring, and control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nojima, Satoshi -- Schal, Coby -- Webster, Francis X -- Santangelo, Richard G -- Roelofs, Wendell L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1104-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY 14456, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Blattellidae/*chemistry/physiology ; Chromatography, Gas ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Electrodes ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; Quinones/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Sense Organs/drug effects/physiology ; Sex Attractants/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/*isolation & ; purification/pharmacology
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    Environmental health. Debate continues over safety of water spiked with rocket fuel (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):507.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/drug effects/embryology ; Female ; Humans ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Perchlorates/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Risk Assessment ; Thyroid Gland/drug effects ; Thyroid Hormones/metabolism ; Toxicity Tests ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; *Water Supply
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    Avian flu. First human case in Cambodia highlights surveillance shortcomings (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1027.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology ; Cambodia/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Female ; Humans ; *Influenza A virus ; Influenza in Birds/*epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Male ; *Population Surveillance ; Poultry
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    Public health. Provocative study says obesity may reduce U.S. life expectancy (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mann, Charles C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1716-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Life Expectancy/*trends ; Male ; Mortality ; Obesity/complications/*epidemiology ; Public Health ; United States/epidemiology
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    Neural systems responding to degrees of uncertainty in human decision-making (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-13
    Description: Much is known about how people make decisions under varying levels of probability (risk). Less is known about the neural basis of decision-making when probabilities are uncertain because of missing information (ambiguity). In decision theory, ambiguity about probabilities should not affect choices. Using functional brain imaging, we show that the level of ambiguity in choices correlates positively with activation in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex, and negatively with a striatal system. Moreover, striatal activity correlates positively with expected reward. Neurological subjects with orbitofrontal lesions were insensitive to the level of ambiguity and risk in behavioral choices. These data suggest a general neural circuit responding to degrees of uncertainty, contrary to decision theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, Ming -- Bhatt, Meghana -- Adolphs, Ralph -- Tranel, Daniel -- Camerer, Colin F -- P01 NS19632/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067681/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 9;310(5754):1680-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, 228-77, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amygdala/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Diseases/physiopathology/psychology ; Brain Mapping ; Confidence Intervals ; Corpus Striatum/physiology ; *Decision Making ; Decision Theory ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Mental Processes ; Probability ; Reward ; Risk ; *Uncertainty
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    Fewer genes, more noncoding RNA (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-06
    Description: Recent studies showing that most "messenger" RNAs do not encode proteins finally explain the long-standing discrepancy between the small number of protein-coding genes found in vertebrate genomes and the much larger and ever-increasing number of polyadenylated transcripts identified by tag-sampling or microarray-based methods. Exploring the role and diversity of these numerous noncoding RNAs now constitutes a main challenge in transcription research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Claverie, Jean-Michel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1529-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural and Genomics Information Laboratory, CNRS UPR 2589, Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille 13402, France. jean-michel.claverie@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Genes ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mice ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Untranslated/*biosynthesis/physiology ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    Merits of a new drug trial for ALS? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-05-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beghi, Ettore -- Bendotti, Caterina -- Mennini, Tiziana -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):632-3; author reply 632-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15864832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Transport System X-AG/biosynthesis ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/*drug therapy ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Ceftriaxone/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Humans ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/drug effects/metabolism
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    Glial membranes at the node of Ranvier prevent neurite outgrowth (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: Nodes of Ranvier are regularly placed, nonmyelinated axon segments along myelinated nerves. Here we show that nodal membranes isolated from the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals restricted neurite outgrowth of cultured neurons. Proteomic analysis of these membranes revealed several inhibitors of neurite outgrowth, including the oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMgp). In rat spinal cord, OMgp was not localized to compact myelin, as previously thought, but to oligodendroglia-like cells, whose processes converge to form a ring that completely encircles the nodes. In OMgp-null mice, CNS nodes were abnormally wide and collateral sprouting was observed. Nodal ensheathment in the CNS may stabilize the node and prevent axonal sprouting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Jeffrey K -- Phillips, Greg R -- Roth, Alejandro D -- Pedraza, Liliana -- Shan, Weisong -- Belkaid, Wiam -- Mi, Sha -- Fex-Svenningsen, Asa -- Florens, Laurence -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Colman, David R -- NS20147/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR11823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1813-7. Epub 2005 Nov 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/analysis ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cattle ; Cell Surface Extensions/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Ganglia, Spinal/physiology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Mice ; Myelin Proteins ; Myelin Sheath/chemistry ; Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/analysis ; Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ; Neurites/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Neuroglia/chemistry/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Oligodendroglia/chemistry/physiology/ultrastructure ; Proteoglycans/analysis ; Proteomics ; Ranvier's Nodes/chemistry/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/cytology
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    Postsynaptic receptor trafficking underlying a form of associative learning (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-05
    Description: To elucidate molecular, cellular, and circuit changes that occur in the brain during learning, we investigated the role of a glutamate receptor subtype in fear conditioning. In this form of learning, animals associate two stimuli, such as a tone and a shock. Here we report that fear conditioning drives AMPA-type glutamate receptors into the synapse of a large fraction of postsynaptic neurons in the lateral amygdala, a brain structure essential for this learning process. Furthermore, memory was reduced if AMPA receptor synaptic incorporation was blocked in as few as 10 to 20% of lateral amygdala neurons. Thus, the encoding of memories in the lateral amygdala is mediated by AMPA receptor trafficking, is widely distributed, and displays little redundancy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rumpel, Simon -- LeDoux, Joseph -- Zador, Anthony -- Malinow, Roberto -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):83-8. Epub 2005 Mar 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/cytology/metabolism/*physiology/virology ; Animals ; Association Learning/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Electrophysiology ; Fear ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/metabolism/*physiology/virology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Protein Transport ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Synapses/metabolism/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Thalamus/physiology
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    The dynamics of interhemispheric compensatory processes in mental imagery (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-30
    Description: The capacity to generate and analyze mental visual images is essential for many cognitive abilities. We combined triple-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (tpTMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS) to determine which distinct aspect of mental imagery is carried out by the left and right parietal lobe and to reveal interhemispheric compensatory interactions. The left parietal lobe was predominant in generating mental images, whereas the right parietal lobe was specialized in the spatial comparison of the imagined content. Furthermore, in case of an rTMS-induced left parietal lesion, the right parietal cortex could immediately compensate such a left parietal disruption by taking over the specific function of the left hemisphere.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sack, A T -- Camprodon, J A -- Pascual-Leone, A -- Goebel, R -- K24 RR018875/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- NCRR MO1 RR01032/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01MH60734/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 29;308(5722):702-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, Post Office Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands. a.sack@psychology.unimaas.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15860630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Brain Mapping ; *Cognition ; Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; *Imagination ; Magnetics ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Time Factors
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    Vasopressin and oxytocin excite distinct neuronal populations in the central amygdala (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-12
    Description: Vasopressin and oxytocin strongly modulate autonomic fear responses, through mechanisms that are still unclear. We describe how these neuropeptides excite distinct neuronal populations in the central amygdala, which provides the major output of the amygdaloid complex to the autonomic nervous system. We identified these two neuronal populations as part of an inhibitory network, through which vasopressin and oxytocin modulate the integration of excitatory information from the basolateral amygdala and cerebral cortex in opposite manners. Through this network, the expression and endogenous activation of vasopressin and oxytocin receptors may regulate the autonomic expression of fear.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huber, Daniel -- Veinante, Pierre -- Stoop, Ron -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 8;308(5719):245-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular Biology and Morphology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15821089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Animals ; Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists ; Autoradiography ; Fear/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oxytocin/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Oxytocin/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, Vasopressin/agonists/metabolism ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology ; Vasopressins/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    Responsibility beyond 60 years (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bennett, Burton G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 9;309(5741):1649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16150979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Japan/epidemiology ; Male ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology/mortality ; *Nuclear Warfare ; Radiation Dosage ; *Radiation Effects ; Radiation Injuries/*epidemiology/mortality ; Radiation Protection ; United States ; World War II
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dynamic paternity allocation as a function of male plumage color in barn swallows (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: Paternity in male animals can be influenced by their phenotypic signals of quality. Accordingly, the behavior underlying patterns of paternity should be flexible as signals of quality change. To evaluate the dynamics of paternity allocation, we analyzed paternity before and after manipulating plumage coloration, a known signal of quality, in male barn swallows Hirundo rustica. We found that, in successive breeding bouts, only males whose plumage color was experimentally enhanced received greater paternity from their social mates, demonstrating evidence for flexible and dynamic paternity allocation and the importance for males of maintaining signals of quality well after pair bond formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Safran, R J -- Neuman, C R -- McGraw, K J -- Lovette, I J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2210-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. rsafran@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breeding ; Fathers ; *Feathers ; Female ; Male ; Oviposition ; Pair Bond ; Phenotype ; *Pigmentation ; Seasons ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Swallows/*anatomy & histology/*physiology
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    Distinct kinetic changes in neurotransmitter release after SNARE protein cleavage (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-16
    Description: Neurotransmitter release is triggered by calcium ions and depends critically on the correct function of three types of SNARE [soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) receptor] proteins. With use of the large calyx of Held presynaptic terminal from rats, we found that cleavage of different SNARE proteins by clostridial neurotoxins caused distinct kinetic changes in neurotransmitter release. When elevating calcium ion concentration directly at the presynaptic terminal with the use of caged calcium, cleavage of SNAP-25 by botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) produced a strong reduction in the calcium sensitivity for release, whereas cleavage of syntaxin using BoNT/C1 and synaptobrevin using tetanus toxin (TeNT) produced an all-or-nothing block without changing the kinetics of remaining vesicles. When stimulating release by calcium influx through channels, a difference between BoNT/C1 and TeNT emerged, which suggests that cleavage of synaptobrevin modifies the coupling between channels and release-competent vesicles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sakaba, Takeshi -- Stein, Alexander -- Jahn, Reinhard -- Neher, Erwin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):491-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Department of Membrane Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen 37077, Germany. tsakaba@gwdg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16020741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Botulinum Toxins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A/metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Presynaptic Terminals/*metabolism ; Qa-SNARE Proteins ; R-SNARE Proteins ; Rats ; Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism ; Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 ; Tetanus Toxin/metabolism/pharmacology
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    Neuroscience. Making synapses: a balancing act (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hussain, Natasha K -- Sheng, Morgan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 25;307(5713):1207-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Center for Learning and Memory, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. natashah@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15731430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal ; Cells, Cultured ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism ; Neural Inhibition ; Neurons/physiology ; Presynaptic Terminals/*physiology ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Membranes/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    HIV/AIDS. Prevention cocktails: combining tools to Stop HIV's spread (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):1002-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyclovir/therapeutic use ; Adenine/administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Bupropion/therapeutic use ; *Circumcision, Male ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Contraceptive Devices, Female ; Female ; HIV/drug effects/physiology ; HIV Infections/complications/diagnosis/*prevention & control/transmission ; Herpes Genitalis/complications/*drug therapy/epidemiology/virology ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/drug effects ; Humans ; *Hygiene ; Male ; Organophosphonates/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Sexual Behavior ; Tenofovir ; Viral Load
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    ATP signaling is crucial for communication from taste buds to gustatory nerves (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-03
    Description: Taste receptor cells detect chemicals in the oral cavity and transmit this information to taste nerves, but the neurotransmitter(s) have not been identified. We report that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is the key neurotransmitter in this system. Genetic elimination of ionotropic purinergic receptors (P2X2 and P2X3) eliminates taste responses in the taste nerves, although the nerves remain responsive to touch, temperature, and menthol. Similarly, P2X-knockout mice show greatly reduced behavioral responses to sweeteners, glutamate, and bitter substances. Finally, stimulation of taste buds in vitro evokes release of ATP. Thus, ATP fulfils the criteria for a neurotransmitter linking taste buds to the nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finger, Thomas E -- Danilova, Vicktoria -- Barrows, Jennell -- Bartel, Dianna L -- Vigers, Alison J -- Stone, Leslie -- Hellekant, Goran -- Kinnamon, Sue C -- P30 DC04657/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC00766/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC06070/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 2;310(5753):1495-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Aurora CO 80045, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16322458" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Chorda Tympani Nerve/*metabolism ; Glossopharyngeal Nerve/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X2 ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X3 ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3/genetics/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Taste Buds/*metabolism
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    Direct evidence for a parietal-frontal pathway subserving spatial awareness in humans (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-01
    Description: Intraoperative electrical stimulation, which temporarily inactivates restricted regions during brain surgery, can map cognitive functions in humans with spatiotemporal resolution unmatched by other methods. Using this technique, we found that stimulation of the right inferior parietal lobule or the caudal superior temporal gyrus, but not of its rostral portion, determined rightward deviations on line bisection. However, the strongest shifts occurred with subcortical stimulation. Fiber tracking identified the stimulated site as a section of the superior occipitofrontal fasciculus, a poorly known parietal-frontal pathway. These findings suggest that parietal-frontal communication is necessary for the symmetrical processing of the visual scene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thiebaut de Schotten, Michel -- Urbanski, Marika -- Duffau, Hugues -- Volle, Emmanuelle -- Levy, Richard -- Dubois, Bruno -- Bartolomeo, Paolo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2226-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉INSERM Unit 610, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital de la Salpetriere, 75013 Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16195465" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Awareness/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Brain Neoplasms/surgery ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Glioma/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Parietal Lobe/*physiology ; Perceptual Disorders/physiopathology ; Space Perception/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/physiology
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    Clinical trials: keeping score on the sexes (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1571.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15947168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Patient Selection ; Research Design ; *Sex Characteristics ; United States ; *Women ; Women's Health
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    The problem of child sexual abuse (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fink, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 19;309(5738):1182-5; author reply 1182-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16109864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; *Child Abuse, Sexual/economics/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; *Child Welfare ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/etiology ; Risk Factors ; United States
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    Neuroscience. Matching at the synapse (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, Scott M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 6;308(5723):800-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201-1559, USA. sthom003@umaryland.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cell Communication ; Exocytosis ; Interneurons/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Probability ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Vesicles/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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    AIDS research. Male circumcision thwarts HIV infection (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 5;309(5736):860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16081704" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Adult ; Biomedical Research/ethics ; *Circumcision, Male ; Global Health ; Humans ; Male ; Publishing/standards ; South Africa
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    Developmental plasticity in the life history of a prosauropod dinosaur (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-17
    Description: Long-bone histology indicates that the most common early dinosaur, the prosauropod Plateosaurus engelhardti from the Upper Triassic of Central Europe, had variable life histories. Although Plateosaurus grew at the fast rates typical for dinosaurs, as indicated by fibrolamellar bone, qualitative (growth stop) and quantitative (growth-mark counts) features of its histology are poorly correlated with body size. Individual life histories of P. engelhardti were influenced by environmental factors, as in modern ectothermic reptiles, but not in mammals, birds, or other dinosaurs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sander, P Martin -- Klein, Nicole -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1800-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Palaontologie, Universitat Bonn, Nussallee 8, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. martin.sander@uni-bonn.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16357257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Bone Development ; Bone and Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Dinosaurs/*anatomy & histology/classification/*growth & development/physiology ; Environment ; Female ; Femur/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; *Fossils ; Germany ; Male ; Sex Characteristics ; Switzerland
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    A conserved checkpoint monitors meiotic chromosome synapsis in Caenorhabditis elegans (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-12-13
    Description: We report the discovery of a checkpoint that monitors synapsis between homologous chromosomes to ensure accurate meiotic segregation. Oocytes containing unsynapsed chromosomes selectively undergo apoptosis even if a germline DNA damage checkpoint is inactivated. This culling mechanism is specifically activated by unsynapsed pairing centers, cis-acting chromosome sites that are also required to promote synapsis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Apoptosis due to synaptic failure also requires the C. elegans homolog of PCH2, a budding yeast pachytene checkpoint gene, which suggests that this surveillance mechanism is widely conserved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhalla, Needhi -- Dernburg, Abby F -- 1 F32 GM67408-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 1 R01 GM/CA655591-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM067408/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM067408-01A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM067408-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 9;310(5754):1683-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16339446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Chromosome Pairing/*physiology ; Chromosome Segregation ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; Genes, Helminth ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mutation ; Oocytes/physiology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transgenes ; X Chromosome/genetics/physiology
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    Comparative metagenomics of microbial communities (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-04-23
    Description: The species complexity of microbial communities and challenges in culturing representative isolates make it difficult to obtain assembled genomes. Here we characterize and compare the metabolic capabilities of terrestrial and marine microbial communities using largely unassembled sequence data obtained by shotgun sequencing DNA isolated from the various environments. Quantitative gene content analysis reveals habitat-specific fingerprints that reflect known characteristics of the sampled environments. The identification of environment-specific genes through a gene-centric comparative analysis presents new opportunities for interpreting and diagnosing environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tringe, Susannah Green -- von Mering, Christian -- Kobayashi, Arthur -- Salamov, Asaf A -- Chen, Kevin -- Chang, Hwai W -- Podar, Mircea -- Short, Jay M -- Mathur, Eric J -- Detter, John C -- Bork, Peer -- Hugenholtz, Philip -- Rubin, Edward M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 22;308(5721):554-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15845853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea/classification/genetics/metabolism ; Bacteria/classification/*genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Biodiversity ; Biofilms ; Bone and Bones/microbiology ; Computational Biology ; *Ecosystem ; Energy Metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism ; Gene Library ; Genes ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome ; Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Operon ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Proteome ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Soil Microbiology ; Whales/*microbiology
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    Medicine. Fused genes may help explain the origins of prostate cancer (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):603.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/*genetics ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics ; Serine Endopeptidases/*genetics ; Trans-Activators/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics
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    Type VII collagen is required for Ras-driven human epidermal tumorigenesis (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-03-19
    Description: Type VII collagen defects cause recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a blistering skin disorder often accompanied by epidermal cancers. To study the role of collagen VII in these cancers, we examined Ras-driven tumorigenesis in RDEB keratinocytes. Cells devoid of collagen VII did not form tumors in mice, whereas those retaining a specific collagen VII fragment (the amino-terminal noncollagenous domain NC1) were tumorigenic. Forced NC1 expression restored tumorigenicity to collagen VII-null epidermis in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Fibronectin-like sequences within NC1 (FNC1) promoted tumor cell invasion in a laminin 5-dependent manner and were required for tumorigenesis. Tumor-stroma interactions mediated by collagen VII thus promote neoplasia, and retention of NC1 sequences in a subset of RDEB patients may contribute to their increased susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ortiz-Urda, Susana -- Garcia, John -- Green, Cheryl L -- Chen, Lei -- Lin, Qun -- Veitch, Dallas P -- Sakai, Lynn Y -- Lee, Hyangkyu -- Marinkovich, M Peter -- Khavari, Paul A -- AR43799/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR44012/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 18;307(5716):1773-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15774758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology/*physiopathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Child ; Collagen Type VII/chemistry/*genetics/immunology/*physiology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica/complications/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; *Genes, ras ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Keratinocytes/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Skin Neoplasms/etiology/pathology/*physiopathology
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    Evolution. Did early humans go north or south? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forster, Peter -- Matsumura, Shuichi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 13;308(5724):965-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK. pf223@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Australia ; Biological Evolution ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Emigration and Immigration ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; Europe ; Female ; Fossils ; Founder Effect ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; India ; Indian Ocean ; Malaysia ; Male ; *Population Dynamics ; Time
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Medicine. Low-power mitochondria may raise risk of cardiovascular problems (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):334-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15661980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerobiosis ; Animals ; Breeding ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*etiology/physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Exercise ; *Exercise Tolerance ; Humans ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Insulin Resistance ; Metabolic Syndrome X/physiopathology ; Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism/*physiology ; Obesity/etiology ; *Physical Exertion ; Rats ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Profile. South Africa's bone man: 80 and still digging into the past (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):608-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Fossils ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Hominidae ; Humans ; Male ; Paleontology/*history ; South Africa
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    Neurogenesis in the hypothalamus of adult mice: potential role in energy balance (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-29
    Description: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) induces weight loss in obese rodents and humans, and for reasons that are not understood, its effects persist after the cessation of treatment. Here we demonstrate that centrally administered CNTF induces cell proliferation in feeding centers of the murine hypothalamus. Many of the newborn cells express neuronal markers and show functional phenotypes relevant for energy-balance control, including a capacity for leptin-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Coadministration of the mitotic blocker cytosine-beta-d-arabinofuranoside (Ara-C) eliminates the proliferation of neural cells and abrogates the long-term, but not the short-term, effect of CNTF on body weight. These findings link the sustained effect of CNTF on energy balance to hypothalamic neurogenesis and suggest that regulated hypothalamic neurogenesis in adult mice may play a previously unappreciated role in physiology and disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kokoeva, Maia V -- Yin, Huali -- Flier, Jeffrey S -- DKR3728082/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):679-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Weight/physiology ; Bromodeoxyuridine/administration & dosage ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor/administration & dosage/*physiology ; Cytarabine/pharmacology ; Energy Metabolism ; Hypothalamus/cytology/*physiology ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Leptin/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/biosynthesis ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Neuropeptide Y/metabolism ; Neuropeptides/biosynthesis ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor/genetics/metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
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    Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-12
    Description: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in the elderly. We report a genome-wide screen of 96 cases and 50 controls for polymorphisms associated with AMD. Among 116,204 single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped, an intronic and common variant in the complement factor H gene (CFH) is strongly associated with AMD (nominal P value 〈10(-7)). In individuals homozygous for the risk allele, the likelihood of AMD is increased by a factor of 7.4 (95% confidence interval 2.9 to 19). Resequencing revealed a polymorphism in linkage disequilibrium with the risk allele representing a tyrosine-histidine change at amino acid 402. This polymorphism is in a region of CFH that binds heparin and C-reactive protein. The CFH gene is located on chromosome 1 in a region repeatedly linked to AMD in family-based studies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1512523/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1512523/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, Robert J -- Zeiss, Caroline -- Chew, Emily Y -- Tsai, Jen-Yue -- Sackler, Richard S -- Haynes, Chad -- Henning, Alice K -- SanGiovanni, John Paul -- Mane, Shrikant M -- Mayne, Susan T -- Bracken, Michael B -- Ferris, Frederick L -- Ott, Jurg -- Barnstable, Colin -- Hoh, Josephine -- K01RR16090/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- K25HG000060/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01EY015771/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01MH44292/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Z99 EY999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA EY000489-01/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 15;308(5720):385-9. Epub 2005 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15761122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Case-Control Studies ; Choroid/immunology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics ; Complement Factor H/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Complement Membrane Attack Complex/analysis ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Histidine/genetics ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Introns ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Macular Degeneration/*genetics ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/immunology ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Smoking
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    Natural selection and developmental constraints in the evolution of allometries (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-05
    Description: In animals, scaling relationships between appendages and body size exhibit high interspecific variation but low intraspecific variation. This pattern could result from natural selection for specific allometries or from developmental constraints on patterns of differential growth. We performed artificial selection on the allometry between forewing area and body size in a butterfly to test for developmental constraints, and then used the resultant increased range of phenotypic variation to quantify natural selection on the scaling relationship. Our results show that the short-term evolution of allometries is not limited by developmental constraints. Instead, scaling relationships are shaped by strong natural selection.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3198854/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3198854/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frankino, W Anthony -- Zwaan, Bas J -- Stern, David L -- Brakefield, Paul M -- R01 GM063622/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM063622-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 4;307(5710):718-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9516, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. frankino@alumni.indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15692049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Butterflies/*anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Genetic Variation ; Male ; Phenotype ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; Wings, Animal/*anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology
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    Epidemiology. DNA identifications after the 9/11 World Trade Center attack (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: The attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11/2001 challenged current approaches to forensic DNA typing methods. The large number of victims and the extreme thermal and physical conditions of the site necessitated special approaches to the DNA-based identification. Because of these and many additional challenges, new procedures were created or modified from routine forensic protocols. This effort facilitated the identification of 1594 of the 2749 victims. In this Policy Forum, the authors, who were were members of the World Trade Center Kinship and Data Analysis Panel, review the lessons of the attack response from the perspective of DNA forensic identification and suggest policies and procedures for future mass disasters or large-scale terrorist attacks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biesecker, Leslie G -- Bailey-Wilson, Joan E -- Ballantyne, Jack -- Baum, Howard -- Bieber, Frederick R -- Brenner, Charles -- Budowle, Bruce -- Butler, John M -- Carmody, George -- Conneally, P Michael -- Duceman, Barry -- Eisenberg, Arthur -- Forman, Lisa -- Kidd, Kenneth K -- Leclair, Benoit -- Niezgoda, Steven -- Parsons, Thomas J -- Pugh, Elizabeth -- Shaler, Robert -- Sherry, Stephen T -- Sozer, Amanda -- Walsh, Anne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1122-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dna ; *DNA Fingerprinting/methods ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Disaster Planning ; Family ; Female ; Forecasting ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Male ; *September 11 Terrorist Attacks ; Specimen Handling ; United States
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    Restoration of tolerance in lupus by targeted inhibitory receptor expression (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-01
    Description: Lupus, a multigenic autoimmune condition in which a breakdown of tolerance results in the development of autoantibodies, leads to a variety of pathologic outcomes. Despite the heterogeneity of factors influencing disease susceptibility, we demonstrate that the partial restoration of inhibitory Fc receptor (FcgRIIB) levels on B cells in lupus-prone mouse strains is sufficient to restore tolerance and prevent autoimmunity. FcgRIIB regulates a common B cell checkpoint in genetically diverse lupus-prone mouse strains, and modest changes in its expression can result in either tolerance or autoimmunity. Therefore, increasing FcgammaRIIB levels on B cells may be an effective way to treat autoimmune diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGaha, Tracy L -- Sorrentino, Brian -- Ravetch, Jeffrey V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 28;307(5709):590-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15681388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood ; Autoantibodies/blood ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Chromatin/immunology ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Kidney/pathology ; Lung/pathology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*immunology/pathology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Macrophages/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Myeloid Cells/immunology ; Receptors, IgG/genetics/*metabolism ; Retroviridae/genetics ; *Self Tolerance ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Transduction, Genetic
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    Neuronal coherence as a mechanism of effective corticospinal interaction (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: Neuronal groups can interact with each other even if they are widely separated. One group might modulate its firing rate or its internal oscillatory synchronization to influence another group. We propose that coherence between two neuronal groups is a mechanism of efficient interaction, because it renders mutual input optimally timed and thereby maximally effective. Modulations of subjects' readiness to respond in a simple reaction-time task were closely correlated with the strength of gamma-band (40 to 70 hertz) coherence between motor cortex and spinal cord neurons. This coherence may contribute to an effective corticospinal interaction and shortened reaction times.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schoffelen, Jan-Mathijs -- Oostenveld, Robert -- Fries, Pascal -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):111-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉F. C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EK Nijmegen, Netherlands. jan.schoffelen@fcdonders.ru.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adult ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Psychomotor Performance ; *Reaction Time ; Spinal Cord/*physiology
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    Breast cancer. Dissecting a hidden breast cancer risk (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 9;309(5741):1664-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16150987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Anticarcinogenic Agents/therapeutic use ; Breast/*anatomy & histology/chemistry/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/*etiology/genetics/pathology/prevention & control ; Collagen/analysis ; Connective Tissue/anatomy & histology ; DNA/analysis ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Ethics, Clinical ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/physiology ; Genes ; Humans ; Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Risk Factors ; Tamoxifen/therapeutic use
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    Psychology. Beyond a joke: from animal laughter to human joy? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Panksepp, Jaak -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):62-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉J. P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403,USA. jpankse@bgnet.bgsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/physiology ; Emotions ; *Happiness ; Humans ; *Laughter ; Play and Playthings ; Rats ; *Vocalization, Animal
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    Firearm violence exposure and serious violent behavior (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-28
    Description: To estimate the cause-effect relationship between exposure to firearm violence and subsequent perpetration of serious violence, we applied the analytic method of propensity stratification to longitudinal data on adolescents residing in Chicago, Illinois. Results indicate that exposure to firearm violence approximately doubles the probability that an adolescent will perpetrate serious violence over the subsequent 2 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bingenheimer, Jeffrey B -- Brennan, Robert T -- Earls, Felton J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 27;308(5726):1323-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, 1420 Washington Heights, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA. bartbing@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15919997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; *Adolescent Behavior ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Chicago ; Crime ; Demography ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; *Firearms ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Juvenile Delinquency ; Likelihood Functions ; Logistic Models ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Peer Group ; Probability ; Residence Characteristics ; Social Environment ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Temperament ; *Violence
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    Public health. Violence against women (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia-Moreno, Claudia -- Heise, Lori -- Jansen, Henrica A F M -- Ellsberg, Mary -- Watts, Charlotte -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1282-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Gender, Women and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. garciamorenoc@who.int〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Battered Women/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Cultural Characteristics ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; *Domestic Violence/prevention & control/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; *Public Health ; *Spouse Abuse ; Women's Health Services ; World Health Organization
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    Identification and functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-15
    Description: The presence and function of CB2 receptors in central nervous system (CNS) neurons are controversial. We report the expression of CB2 receptor messenger RNA and protein localization on brainstem neurons. These functional CB2 receptors in the brainstem were activated by a CB2 receptor agonist, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and by elevated endogenous levels of endocannabinoids, which also act at CB1 receptors. CB2 receptors represent an alternative site of action of endocannabinoids that opens the possibility of nonpsychotropic therapeutic interventions using enhanced endocannabinoid levels in localized brain areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Sickle, Marja D -- Duncan, Marnie -- Kingsley, Philip J -- Mouihate, Abdeslam -- Urbani, Paolo -- Mackie, Ken -- Stella, Nephi -- Makriyannis, Alexandros -- Piomelli, Daniele -- Davison, Joseph S -- Marnett, Lawrence J -- Di Marzo, Vincenzo -- Pittman, Quentin J -- Patel, Kamala D -- Sharkey, Keith A -- GM15431/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 14;310(5746):329-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16224028" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Brain Stem/*metabolism ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/metabolism ; Cannabinoids/pharmacology ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Endocannabinoids ; Ferrets ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Rats ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vomiting/prevention & control
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    Suppression of aging in mice by the hormone Klotho (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: A defect in Klotho gene expression in mice accelerates the degeneration of multiple age-sensitive traits. Here, we show that overexpression of Klotho in mice extends life span. Klotho protein functions as a circulating hormone that binds to a cell-surface receptor and represses intracellular signals of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for extending life span. Alleviation of aging-like phenotypes in Klotho-deficient mice was observed by perturbing insulin and IGF1 signaling, suggesting that Klotho-mediated inhibition of insulin and IGF1 signaling contributes to its anti-aging properties. Klotho protein may function as an anti-aging hormone in mammals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2536606/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2536606/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurosu, Hiroshi -- Yamamoto, Masaya -- Clark, Jeremy D -- Pastor, Johanne V -- Nandi, Animesh -- Gurnani, Prem -- McGuinness, Owen P -- Chikuda, Hirotaka -- Yamaguchi, Masayuki -- Kawaguchi, Hiroshi -- Shimomura, Iichiro -- Takayama, Yoshiharu -- Herz, Joachim -- Kahn, C Ronald -- Rosenblatt, Kevin P -- Kuro-o, Makoto -- R01 AG019712/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG019712-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG025326/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG025326-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG19712/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG25326/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R37 HL063762/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U24 DK059637/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1829-33. Epub 2005 Aug 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Bouleuvard, Dallas, TX 75390-9072, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Eating ; Female ; Glucuronidase ; Insulin/blood/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Longevity/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Myoblasts/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism ; Receptor, Insulin/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Stem cells. Scientists chase after immortality in a petri dish (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 23;309(5743):1982-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16179446" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Communication ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis ; *Oocytes/cytology/physiology ; Ovary/cytology/physiology ; *Spermatozoa/cytology/physiology ; *Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Testis/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    What determines species diversity? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 1;309(5731):90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Forecasting ; Genes ; Phylogeny ; Plants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Gene therapy. As Gelsinger case ends, gene therapy suffers another blow (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1028.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Advisory Committees ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; France ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/*therapy ; Genetic Therapy/*adverse effects/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Infant ; Jurisprudence ; Leukemia/etiology ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/*therapy ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Failure to detect mismatches between intention and outcome in a simple decision task (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-08
    Description: A fundamental assumption of theories of decision-making is that we detect mismatches between intention and outcome, adjust our behavior in the face of error, and adapt to changing circumstances. Is this always the case? We investigated the relation between intention, choice, and introspection. Participants made choices between presented face pairs on the basis of attractiveness, while we covertly manipulated the relationship between choice and outcome that they experienced. Participants failed to notice conspicuous mismatches between their intended choice and the outcome they were presented with, while nevertheless offering introspectively derived reasons for why they chose the way they did. We call this effect choice blindness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johansson, Petter -- Hall, Lars -- Sikstrom, Sverker -- Olsson, Andreas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 7;310(5745):116-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lund University Cognitive Science, Lund University, Kungshuset Lundagard, 222 22 Lund, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16210542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Choice Behavior ; *Decision Making ; Esthetics ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; *Intention ; Male ; Thinking
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells after fusion with human embryonic stem cells (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-08-27
    Description: We have explored the use of embryonic stem cells as an alternative to oocytes for reprogramming human somatic nuclei. Human embryonic stem (hES) cells were fused with human fibroblasts, resulting in hybrid cells that maintain a stable tetraploid DNA content and have morphology, growth rate, and antigen expression patterns characteristic of hES cells. Differentiation of hybrid cells in vitro and in vivo yielded cell types from each embryonic germ layer. Analysis of genome-wide transcriptional activity, reporter gene activation, allele-specific gene expression, and DNA methylation showed that the somatic genome was reprogrammed to an embryonic state. These results establish that hES cells can reprogram the transcriptional state of somatic nuclei and provide a system for investigating the underlying mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cowan, Chad A -- Atienza, Jocelyn -- Melton, Douglas A -- Eggan, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1369-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/*physiology ; Cell Shape ; Cell Transplantation ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology/*physiology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Phenotype ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Polyploidy ; Teratoma/pathology ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    What constitutes a proper description? (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landry, Stuart O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2163-6; author reply 2163-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16200664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cercocebus/*anatomy & histology/*classification ; Male ; Photography ; Tanzania ; *Terminology as Topic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Neuroscience. Genes that guide brain development linked to dyslexia (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 4;310(5749):759.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16272090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*growth & development/physiology ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics ; Dyslexia/*genetics ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Rats ; Reading ; Receptors, Immunologic/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Biochemistry. Irresistible lure for cockroaches determined (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Feb 18;307(5712):1029-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15718441" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blattellidae/*chemistry/physiology ; Electrodes ; Female ; Insect Control ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Quinones/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Sense Organs/drug effects/physiology ; Sex Attractants/chemical synthesis/*chemistry/*isolation & ; purification/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Bone marrow stromal cells generate muscle cells and repair muscle degeneration (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2005-07-09
    Description: Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) have great potential as therapeutic agents. We report a method for inducing skeletal muscle lineage cells from human and rat general adherent MSCs with an efficiency of 89%. Induced cells differentiated into muscle fibers upon transplantation into degenerated muscles of rats and mdx-nude mice. The induced population contained Pax7-positive cells that contributed to subsequent regeneration of muscle upon repetitive damage without additional transplantation of cells. These MSCs represent a more ready supply of myogenic cells than do the rare myogenic stem cells normally found in muscle and bone marrow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dezawa, Mari -- Ishikawa, Hiroto -- Itokazu, Yutaka -- Yoshihara, Tomoyuki -- Hoshino, Mikio -- Takeda, Shin-ichi -- Ide, Chizuka -- Nabeshima, Yo-ichi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 8;309(5732):314-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan. dezawa@anat2.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16002622" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Homeodomain Proteins/analysis ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred mdx ; Mice, Nude ; Muscle Cells/*cytology ; Muscle Development/genetics ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/*cytology ; Muscle Proteins/analysis ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology ; Muscular Diseases/*therapy ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/therapy ; Neuregulins/pharmacology ; PAX7 Transcription Factor ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Rats ; Regeneration ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology/physiology ; Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Stromal Cells/*cytology/physiology/transplantation ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Category-specific cortical activity precedes retrieval during memory search (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-12-24
    Description: Here we describe a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of humans engaged in memory search during a free recall task. Patterns of cortical activity associated with the study of three categories of pictures (faces, locations, and objects) were identified by a pattern-classification algorithm. The algorithm was used to track the reappearance of these activity patterns during the recall period. The reappearance of a given category's activity pattern correlates with verbal recalls made from that category and precedes the recall event by several seconds. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that category-specific activity is cueing the memory system to retrieve studied items.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Polyn, Sean M -- Natu, Vaidehi S -- Cohen, Jonathan D -- Norman, Kenneth A -- MH070177-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH052864/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH069456/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 23;310(5756):1963-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. polyn@psych.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16373577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Algorithms ; Brain/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ; Female ; Form Perception/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Space Perception/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Parasitology. Twisted parasites from "outer space" perplex biologists (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-01-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Proffitt, Fiona -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jan 21;307(5708):343.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15661988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/parasitology ; Female ; Genome ; Grasshoppers/parasitology ; Gryllidae/parasitology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Insects/anatomy & histology/classification/parasitology/physiology ; Male ; Pest Control, Biological ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Determination Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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