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  • Articles  (106)
  • Rats  (106)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (106)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • EMBO Press
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 2005-2009  (36)
  • 1995-1999  (70)
  • 2007  (36)
  • 1997  (70)
  • Physics  (106)
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  • Articles  (106)
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Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (106)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • EMBO Press
  • Essen : Verl. Glückauf
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  • 2005-2009  (36)
  • 1995-1999  (70)
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  • 1
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    Muscular thin films for building actuators and powering devices (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-08
    Description: We demonstrate the assembly of biohybrid materials from engineered tissues and synthetic polymer thin films. The constructs were built by culturing neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes on polydimethylsiloxane thin films micropatterned with extracellular matrix proteins to promote spatially ordered, two-dimensional myogenesis. The constructs, termed muscular thin films, adopted functional, three-dimensional conformations when released from a thermally sensitive polymer substrate and were designed to perform biomimetic tasks by varying tissue architecture, thin-film shape, and electrical-pacing protocol. These centimeter-scale constructs perform functions as diverse as gripping, pumping, walking, and swimming with fine spatial and temporal control and generating specific forces as high as 4 millinewtons per square millimeter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feinberg, Adam W -- Feigel, Alex -- Shevkoplyas, Sergey S -- Sheehy, Sean -- Whitesides, George M -- Parker, Kevin Kit -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1366-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Disease Biophysics Group, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17823347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anisotropy ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Motion ; Muscle Contraction ; *Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Robotics ; Silicones ; *Tissue Engineering
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Structure of Nup58/45 suggests flexible nuclear pore diameter by intermolecular sliding (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: The nucleoporins Nup58 and Nup45 are part of the central transport channel of the nuclear pore complex, which is thought to have a flexible diameter. In the crystal structure of an alpha-helical region of mammalian Nup58/45, we identified distinct tetramers, each consisting of two antiparallel hairpin dimers. The intradimeric interface is hydrophobic, whereas dimer-dimer association occurs through large hydrophilic residues. These residues are laterally displaced in various tetramer conformations, which suggests an intermolecular sliding by 11 angstroms. We propose that circumferential sliding plays a role in adjusting the diameter of the central transport channel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Melcak, Ivo -- Hoelz, Andre -- Blobel, Gunter -- R01 GM111461/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1729-32.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/*chemistry ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Subunits/chemistry ; Rats ; Static Electricity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Anatomy and dynamics of a supramolecular membrane protein cluster (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Most plasmalemmal proteins organize in submicrometer-sized clusters whose architecture and dynamics are still enigmatic. With syntaxin 1 as an example, we applied a combination of far-field optical nanoscopy, biochemistry, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis, and simulations to show that clustering can be explained by self-organization based on simple physical principles. On average, the syntaxin clusters exhibit a diameter of 50 to 60 nanometers and contain 75 densely crowded syntaxins that dynamically exchange with freely diffusing molecules. Self-association depends on weak homophilic protein-protein interactions. Simulations suggest that clustering immobilizes and conformationally constrains the molecules. Moreover, a balance between self-association and crowding-induced steric repulsions is sufficient to explain both the size and dynamics of syntaxin clusters and likely of many oligomerizing membrane proteins that form supramolecular structures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sieber, Jochen J -- Willig, Katrin I -- Kutzner, Carsten -- Gerding-Reimers, Claas -- Harke, Benjamin -- Donnert, Gerald -- Rammner, Burkhard -- Eggeling, Christian -- Hell, Stefan W -- Grubmuller, Helmut -- Lang, Thorsten -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1072-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/*metabolism ; Chemistry, Physical ; Computer Simulation ; Diffusion ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Immunoblotting ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Biological ; Nanotechnology ; PC12 Cells ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Syntaxin 1/*chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Hardwiring the brain: endocannabinoids shape neuronal connectivity (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-05-26
    Description: The roles of endocannabinoid signaling during central nervous system development are unknown. We report that CB(1) cannabinoid receptors (CB(1)Rs) are enriched in the axonal growth cones of gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing (GABAergic) interneurons in the rodent cortex during late gestation. Endocannabinoids trigger CB(1)R internalization and elimination from filopodia and induce chemorepulsion and collapse of axonal growth cones of these GABAergic interneurons by activating RhoA. Similarly, endocannabinoids diminish the galvanotropism of Xenopus laevis spinal neurons. These findings, together with the impaired target selection of cortical GABAergic interneurons lacking CB(1)Rs, identify endocannabinoids as axon guidance cues and demonstrate that endocannabinoid signaling regulates synaptogenesis and target selection in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berghuis, Paul -- Rajnicek, Ann M -- Morozov, Yury M -- Ross, Ruth A -- Mulder, Jan -- Urban, Gabriella M -- Monory, Krisztina -- Marsicano, Giovanni -- Matteoli, Michela -- Canty, Alison -- Irving, Andrew J -- Katona, Istvan -- Yanagawa, Yuchio -- Rakic, Pasko -- Lutz, Beat -- Mackie, Ken -- Harkany, Tibor -- DA00286/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA015916/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA11322/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1212-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17525344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/metabolism/*physiology ; Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/embryology/ultrastructure ; *Endocannabinoids ; Growth Cones/physiology/ultrasonography ; In Situ Hybridization ; Interneurons/metabolism/*physiology/ultrasonography ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology/ultrasonography ; Xenopus Proteins/physiology ; Xenopus laevis ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Anti-Hebbian long-term potentiation in the hippocampal feedback inhibitory circuit (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: Long-term potentiation (LTP), which approximates Hebb's postulate of associative learning, typically requires depolarization-dependent glutamate receptors of the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) subtype. However, in some neurons, LTP depends instead on calcium-permeable AMPA-type receptors. This is paradoxical because intracellular polyamines block such receptors during depolarization. We report that LTP at synapses on hippocampal interneurons mediating feedback inhibition is "anti-Hebbian":Itis induced by presynaptic activity but prevented by postsynaptic depolarization. Anti-Hebbian LTP may occur in interneurons that are silent during periods of intense pyramidal cell firing, such as sharp waves, and lead to their altered activation during theta activity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3369266/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3369266/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamsa, Karri P -- Heeroma, Joost H -- Somogyi, Peter -- Rusakov, Dmitri A -- Kullmann, Dimitri M -- 071179/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0400627/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0400627(71256)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0400627(76527)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0501424/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600368/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600368(77987)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U138135973/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1262-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Interneurons/*physiology ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Neural Inhibition/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology ; Spermine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Synapses/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Neuroscience. Rapid consolidation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2271071/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2271071/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Squire, Larry R -- R01 MH024600/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH024600-33/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):57-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. lsquire@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Association Learning ; Cues ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; *Memory ; Mental Recall ; Neocortex/*physiology ; Rats ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Neuroscience. Spying on new neurons in the human brain (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):899-900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Adult Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology ; Animals ; Biomarkers/*analysis ; Brain/cytology/embryology ; Brain Chemistry ; Child ; Fatty Acids/analysis ; Hippocampus/chemistry/*cytology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods ; Mice ; Rats ; Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Inactivation of the interoceptive insula disrupts drug craving and malaise induced by lithium (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: Addiction profoundly alters motivational circuits so that drugs become powerful reinforcers of behavior. The interoceptive system continuously updates homeostatic and emotional information that are important elements in motivational decisions. We tested the idea that interoceptive information is essential in drug craving and in the behavioral signs of malaise. We inactivated the primary interoceptive cortex in amphetamine-experienced rats, which prevented the urge to seek amphetamine in a place preference task. Interoceptive insula inactivation also blunted the signs of malaise induced by acute lithium administration. Drug-seeking and malaise both induced Fos expression, a marker of neuronal activation, in the insula. We conclude that the insular cortex is a key structure in the perception of bodily needs that provides direction to motivated behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Contreras, Marco -- Ceric, Francisco -- Torrealba, Fernando -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 26;318(5850):655-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 6513677, Chile.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphetamine-Related Disorders/*physiopathology ; Animals ; *Behavior, Addictive ; *Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology/physiopathology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Dextroamphetamine/administration & dosage ; Fatigue/*chemically induced ; Lidocaine/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Lithium Chloride/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Male ; Motor Activity/*drug effects ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Temporal frequency of subthreshold oscillations scales with entorhinal grid cell field spacing (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: Grid cells in layer II of rat entorhinal cortex fire to spatial locations in a repeating hexagonal grid, with smaller spacing between grid fields for neurons in more dorsal anatomical locations. Data from in vitro whole-cell patch recordings showed differences in frequency of subthreshold membrane potential oscillations in entorhinal neurons that correspond to different positions along the dorsal-to-ventral axis, supporting a model of physiological mechanisms for grid cell responses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2950607/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2950607/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giocomo, Lisa M -- Zilli, Eric A -- Fransen, Erik -- Hasselmo, Michael E -- DA16454/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH60013/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH71702/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH071702/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH071702-01A20004/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA016454/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA016454-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA016454-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060013/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060013-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060013-06/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061492/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061492-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 23;315(5819):1719-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Memory and Brain, Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, 2 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA. giocomo@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379810" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Dendrites/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Entorhinal Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mathematics ; Membrane Potentials ; Models, Neurological ; Movement ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Periodicity ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Space Perception ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Cancer research. Probing the roots of race and cancer (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):592-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17272699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa/epidemiology ; *African Americans/genetics/statistics & numerical data ; African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics/statistics & numerical data ; Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*ethnology/genetics/mortality/physiopathology ; DNA Methylation ; Environment ; Female ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Rats ; Social Isolation ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; United States/epidemiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Medicine. The yin-yang of sirtuins (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dillin, Andrew -- Kelly, Jeffery W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):461-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. dillin@salk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17656709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Autophagy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy/pathology/*physiopathology ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Transfection ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    High-speed imaging reveals neurophysiological links to behavior in an animal model of depression (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: The hippocampus is one of several brain areas thought to play a central role in affective behaviors, but the underlying local network dynamics are not understood. We used quantitative voltage-sensitive dye imaging to probe hippocampal dynamics with millisecond resolution in brain slices after bidirectional modulation of affective state in rat models of depression. We found that a simple measure of real-time activity-stimulus-evoked percolation of activity through the dentate gyrus relative to the hippocampal output subfield-accounted for induced changes in animal behavior independent of the underlying mechanism of action of the treatments. Our results define a circuit-level neurophysiological endophenotype for affective behavior and suggest an approach to understanding circuit-level substrates underlying psychiatric disease symptoms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Airan, Raag D -- Meltzer, Leslie A -- Roy, Madhuri -- Gong, Yuqing -- Chen, Han -- Deisseroth, Karl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):819-23. Epub 2007 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615305" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/pharmacology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Dentate Gyrus/pathology/*physiopathology ; Depressive Disorder/pathology/*physiopathology ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Fluoxetine/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/pathology/*physiopathology ; Imipramine/pharmacology ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Nerve Net/*physiopathology ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Cysteine redox sensor in PKGIa enables oxidant-induced activation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Changes in the concentration of oxidants in cells can regulate biochemical signaling mechanisms that control cell function. We have found that guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG) functions directly as a redox sensor. The Ialpha isoform, PKGIalpha, formed an interprotein disulfide linking its two subunits in cells exposed to exogenous hydrogen peroxide. This oxidation directly activated the kinase in vitro, and in rat cells and tissues. The affinity of the kinase for substrates it phosphorylates was enhanced by disulfide formation. This oxidation-induced activation represents an alternate mechanism for regulation along with the classical activation involving nitric oxide and cGMP. This mechanism underlies cGMP-independent vasorelaxation in response to oxidants in the cardiovascular system and provides a molecular explantion for how hydrogen peroxide can operate as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burgoyne, Joseph R -- Madhani, Melanie -- Cuello, Friederike -- Charles, Rebecca L -- Brennan, Jonathan P -- Schroder, Ewald -- Browning, Darren D -- Eaton, Philip -- G0700320/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1393-7. Epub 2007 Aug 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta ; Cell Line ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Cysteine/*metabolism ; Disulfides/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Male ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Oxidants/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; Transfection ; Vasodilation/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Schemas and memory consolidation (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: Memory encoding occurs rapidly, but the consolidation of memory in the neocortex has long been held to be a more gradual process. We now report, however, that systems consolidation can occur extremely quickly if an associative "schema" into which new information is incorporated has previously been created. In experiments using a hippocampal-dependent paired-associate task for rats, the memory of flavor-place associations became persistent over time as a putative neocortical schema gradually developed. New traces, trained for only one trial, then became assimilated and rapidly hippocampal-independent. Schemas also played a causal role in the creation of lasting associative memory representations during one-trial learning. The concept of neocortical schemas may unite psychological accounts of knowledge structures with neurobiological theories of systems memory consolidation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tse, Dorothy -- Langston, Rosamund F -- Kakeyama, Masaki -- Bethus, Ingrid -- Spooner, Patrick A -- Wood, Emma R -- Witter, Menno P -- Morris, Richard G M -- G9200370/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):76-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Cognitive and Neural Systems, and Centre for Neuroscience Research, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Association Learning ; Cues ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Male ; *Memory ; Mental Recall ; Neocortex/*physiology ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 15
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    An ATP gate controls tubulin binding by the tethered head of kinesin-1 (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-04-07
    Description: Kinesin-1 is a two-headed molecular motor that walks along microtubules, with each step gated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding. Existing models for the gating mechanism propose a role for the microtubule lattice. We show that unpolymerized tubulin binds to kinesin-1, causing tubulin-activated release of adenosine diphosphate (ADP). With no added nucleotide, each kinesin-1 dimer binds one tubulin heterodimer. In adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, each kinesin-1 dimer binds two tubulin heterodimers. The data reveal an ATP gate that operates independently of the microtubule lattice, by ATP-dependent release of a steric or allosteric block on the tubulin binding site of the tethered kinesin-ADP head.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2504013/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2504013/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alonso, Maria C -- Drummond, Douglas R -- Kain, Susan -- Hoeng, Julia -- Amos, Linda -- Cross, Robert A -- G0200542/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0200542(63814)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105184313/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1051.04.002(78842)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):120-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Motors Group, Marie Curie Research Institute, The Chart, Oxted, Surrey RH8 0TL, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17412962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Dimerization ; Kinesin/chemistry/*metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*metabolism ; Neurospora ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces ; Tubulin/chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 16
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    A MicroRNA feedback circuit in midbrain dopamine neurons (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved, 18- to 25-nucleotide, non-protein coding transcripts that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression during development. miRNAs also occur in postmitotic cells, such as neurons in the mammalian central nervous system, but their function is less well characterized. We investigated the role of miRNAs in mammalian midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DNs). We identified a miRNA, miR-133b, that is specifically expressed in midbrain DNs and is deficient in midbrain tissue from patients with Parkinson's disease. miR-133b regulates the maturation and function of midbrain DNs within a negative feedback circuit that includes the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor Pitx3. We propose a role for this feedback circuit in the fine-tuning of dopaminergic behaviors such as locomotion.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2782470/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2782470/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Jongpil -- Inoue, Keiichi -- Ishii, Jennifer -- Vanti, William B -- Voronov, Sergey V -- Murchison, Elizabeth -- Hannon, Gregory -- Abeliovich, Asa -- R01 NS064433/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS064433-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1220-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, and Taub Institute, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons 15-403, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions/metabolism ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; *Feedback, Physiological ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Homeodomain Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/*metabolism ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Neurons/cytology/*metabolism ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism ; Rats ; Ribonuclease III/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 17
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    Comment on "Maternal oxytocin triggers a transient inhibitory switch in GABA signaling in the fetal brain during delivery" (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-14
    Description: Tyzio et al. (Reports, 15 December 2006, p. 1788) reported that maternal oxytocin triggers a transient excitatory-to-inhibitory switch of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling during labor, thus protecting the fetal rat brain from anoxic injury. However, a body of evidence supports the possibility that oxytocin is released from the fetal pituitary during delivery, not only from the mother, particularly under conditions of hypoxic stress.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carbillon, Lionel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 13;317(5835):197; author reply 197.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris 13 University, Hopital Jean Verdier, Avenue du 14 Juillet, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France. lionel.carbillon@jvr.aphp.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17626868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Brain/*embryology/metabolism ; Female ; Fetal Hypoxia/physiopathology/prevention & control ; Fetus/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/embryology/metabolism ; Oxytocin/metabolism/*physiology ; *Parturition ; Pituitary Gland/embryology/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; *Signal Transduction ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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  • 18
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    Promotion of tissue inflammation by the immune receptor Tim-3 expressed on innate immune cells (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: CD4+ T helper 1 (TH1) cells are important mediators of inflammation and are regulated by numerous pathways, including the negative immune receptor Tim-3. We found that Tim-3 is constitutively expressed on cells of the innate immune system in both mice and humans, and that it can synergize with Toll-like receptors. Moreover, an antibody agonist of Tim-3 acted as an adjuvant during induced immune responses, and Tim-3 ligation induced distinct signaling events in T cells and dendritic cells; the latter finding could explain the apparent divergent functions of Tim-3 in these cell types. Thus, by virtue of differential expression on innate versus adaptive immune cells, Tim-3 can either promote or terminate TH1 immunity and may be able to influence a range of inflammatory conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, Ana C -- Anderson, David E -- Bregoli, Lisa -- Hastings, William D -- Kassam, Nasim -- Lei, Charles -- Chandwaskar, Rucha -- Karman, Jozsef -- Su, Ee W -- Hirashima, Mitsuomi -- Bruce, Jeffrey N -- Kane, Lawrence P -- Kuchroo, Vijay K -- Hafler, David A -- R01 AI067544/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI067544-01A2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI067544/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI067544-01A1/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI067544-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1141-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Immunology, Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD11b/immunology ; Astrocytes/immunology ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology ; Galectins/immunology ; Glioblastoma/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Inflammation Mediators/*immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Mice ; Microglia/immunology ; Multiple Sclerosis/immunology ; Rats ; Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Receptors, Virus/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Th1 Cells/*immunology ; Toll-Like Receptors
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  • 19
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    Fast-forward playback of recent memory sequences in prefrontal cortex during sleep (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-11-17
    Description: As previously shown in the hippocampus and other brain areas, patterns of firing-rate correlations between neurons in the rat medial prefrontal cortex during a repetitive sequence task were preserved during subsequent sleep, suggesting that waking patterns are reactivated. We found that, during sleep, reactivation of spatiotemporal patterns was coherent across the network and compressed in time by a factor of 6 to 7. Thus, when behavioral constraints are removed, the brain's intrinsic processing speed may be much faster than it is in real time. Given recent evidence implicating the medial prefrontal cortex in retrieval of long-term memories, the observed replay may play a role in the process of memory consolidation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Euston, David R -- Tatsuno, Masami -- McNaughton, Bruce L -- MH046823/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS020331/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1147-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Arizona Research Laboratories Division of Neural Systems, Memory and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Reaction Time ; Sleep/*physiology
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  • 20
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    Rapid erasure of long-term memory associations in the cortex by an inhibitor of PKM zeta (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: Little is known about the neuronal mechanisms that subserve long-term memory persistence in the brain. The components of the remodeled synaptic machinery, and how they sustain the new synaptic or cellwide configuration over time, are yet to be elucidated. In the rat cortex, long-term associative memories vanished rapidly after local application of an inhibitor of the protein kinase C isoform, protein kinase M zeta (PKMzeta). The effect was observed for at least several weeks after encoding and may be irreversible. In the neocortex, which is assumed to be the repository of multiple types of long-term memory, persistence of memory is thus dependent on ongoing activity of a protein kinase long after that memory is considered to have consolidated into a long-term stable form.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shema, Reut -- Sacktor, Todd Charlton -- Dudai, Yadin -- MH57068/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH53576/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):951-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/enzymology/physiology ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects/*physiology ; Neocortex/drug effects/enzymology/*physiology ; Oligopeptides/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/*antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Taste ; Time Factors
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  • 21
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    Neuroscience. Where am I? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fenton, Andre A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):947-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. afenton@downstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dentate Gyrus/physiology ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; Neurons/physiology ; Orientation/*physiology ; Rats ; Space Perception/*physiology
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  • 22
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    Requirement of inositol pyrophosphates for full exocytotic capacity in pancreatic beta cells (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-11-24
    Description: Inositol pyrophosphates are recognized components of cellular processes that regulate vesicle trafficking, telomere length, and apoptosis. We observed that pancreatic beta cells maintain high basal concentrations of the pyrophosphate diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (InsP7 or IP7). Inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) that can generate IP7 were overexpressed. This overexpression stimulated exocytosis of insulin-containing granules from the readily releasable pool. Exogenously applied IP7 dose-dependently enhanced exocytosis at physiological concentrations. We determined that IP6K1 and IP6K2 were present in beta cells. RNA silencing of IP6K1, but not IP6K2, inhibited exocytosis, which suggests that IP6K1 is the critical endogenous kinase. Maintenance of high concentrations of IP7 in the pancreatic beta cell may enhance the immediate exocytotic capacity and consequently allow rapid adjustment of insulin secretion in response to increased demand.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Illies, Christopher -- Gromada, Jesper -- Fiume, Roberta -- Leibiger, Barbara -- Yu, Jia -- Juhl, Kirstine -- Yang, Shao-Nian -- Barma, Deb K -- Falck, John R -- Saiardi, Adolfo -- Barker, Christopher J -- Berggren, Per-Olof -- GM31278/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MC_U122680443/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1299-302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18033884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Electric Capacitance ; *Exocytosis ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Insulin/*secretion ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*metabolism/secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism ; Mice ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor)/genetics/metabolism ; Phytic Acid/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Secretory Vesicles/*metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 23
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    Neuroscience. Shining light on depression (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1993542/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1993542/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Insel, Thomas R -- Z99 MH999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):757-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute for Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tinsel@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coloring Agents ; Depressive Disorder/pathology/*physiopathology ; *Diagnostic Imaging ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gyrus Cinguli/pathology/*physiopathology ; Hippocampus/pathology/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Nerve Net/physiopathology ; Prefrontal Cortex/pathology/*physiopathology ; Rats
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  • 24
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    Biochemistry. Crowds of syntaxins (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, Stephen H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1045-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. stephen.white@uci.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/*metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Diffusion ; Exocytosis ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Immunoblotting ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Biological ; PC12 Cells ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Secretory Vesicles/metabolism ; Syntaxin 1/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 25
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    Astrocytes potentiate transmitter release at single hippocampal synapses (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: Astrocytes play active roles in brain physiology. They respond to neurotransmitters and modulate neuronal excitability and synaptic function. However, the influence of astrocytes on synaptic transmission and plasticity at the single synapse level is unknown. Ca(2+) elevation in astrocytes transiently increased the probability of transmitter release at hippocampal area CA3-CA1 synapses, without affecting the amplitude of synaptic events. This form of short-term plasticity was due to the release of glutamate from astrocytes, a process that depended on Ca(2+) and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein and that activated metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The transient potentiation of transmitter release became persistent when the astrocytic signal was temporally coincident with postsynaptic depolarization. This persistent plasticity was mGluR-mediated but N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-independent. These results indicate that astrocytes are actively involved in the transfer and storage of synaptic information.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perea, Gertrudis -- Araque, Alfonso -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1083-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Astrocytes/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Hippocampus/*cytology/physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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    Neuroscience. Enzyme keeps old memories alive (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 17;317(5840):883.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17702916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects/enzymology/physiology ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/enzymology ; Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Rats
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    Trait or state? (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crabbe, John C -- Cunningham, Christopher L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 24;317(5841):1033-5; author reply 1033-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17717168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cocaine/*administration & dosage ; Genotype ; *Impulsive Behavior/genetics ; Mice ; Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D3/metabolism ; Self Administration
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    Pattern separation in the dentate gyrus and CA3 of the hippocampus (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-17
    Description: Theoretical models have long pointed to the dentate gyrus as a possible source of neuronal pattern separation. In agreement with predictions from these models, we show that minimal changes in the shape of the environment in which rats are exploring can substantially alter correlated activity patterns among place-modulated granule cells in the dentate gyrus. When the environments are made more different, new cell populations are recruited in CA3 but not in the dentate gyrus. These results imply a dual mechanism for pattern separation in which signals from the entorhinal cortex can be decorrelated both by changes in coincidence patterns in the dentate gyrus and by recruitment of nonoverlapping cell assemblies in CA3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leutgeb, Jill K -- Leutgeb, Stefan -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 16;315(5814):961-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17303747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/*physiology ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Neurons/physiology ; Orientation/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Space Perception/*physiology
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  • 29
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    IRE1 signaling affects cell fate during the unfolded protein response (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates a set of signaling pathways, collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). The three UPR branches (IRE1, PERK, and ATF6) promote cell survival by reducing misfolded protein levels. UPR signaling also promotes apoptotic cell death if ER stress is not alleviated. How the UPR integrates its cytoprotective and proapoptotic outputs to select between life or death cell fates is unknown. We found that IRE1 and ATF6 activities were attenuated by persistent ER stress in human cells. By contrast, PERK signaling, including translational inhibition and proapoptotic transcription regulator Chop induction, was maintained. When IRE1 activity was sustained artificially, cell survival was enhanced, suggesting a causal link between the duration of UPR branch signaling and life or death cell fate after ER stress. Key findings from our studies in cell culture were recapitulated in photoreceptors expressing mutant rhodopsin in animal models of retinitis pigmentosa.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3670588/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3670588/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, Jonathan H -- Li, Han -- Yasumura, Douglas -- Cohen, Hannah R -- Zhang, Chao -- Panning, Barbara -- Shokat, Kevan M -- Lavail, Matthew M -- Walter, Peter -- K08 EY018313/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- K08 EY018313-01/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY020846/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):944-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Jonathan.Lin@ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activating Transcription Factor 6/metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; *Cell Survival ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Rats ; Retina/metabolism ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/chemistry/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; eIF-2 Kinase/metabolism
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    Nucleus accumbens D2/3 receptors predict trait impulsivity and cocaine reinforcement (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-03
    Description: Stimulant addiction is often linked to excessive risk taking, sensation seeking, and impulsivity, but in ways that are poorly understood. We report here that a form of impulsivity in rats predicts high rates of intravenous cocaine self-administration and is associated with changes in dopamine (DA) function before drug exposure. Using positron emission tomography, we demonstrated that D2/3 receptor availability is significantly reduced in the nucleus accumbens of impulsive rats that were never exposed to cocaine and that such effects are independent of DA release. These data demonstrate that trait impulsivity predicts cocaine reinforcement and that D2 receptor dysfunction in abstinent cocaine addicts may, in part, be determined by premorbid influences.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1892797/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1892797/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalley, Jeffrey W -- Fryer, Tim D -- Brichard, Laurent -- Robinson, Emma S J -- Theobald, David E H -- Laane, Kristjan -- Pena, Yolanda -- Murphy, Emily R -- Shah, Yasmene -- Probst, Katrin -- Abakumova, Irina -- Aigbirhio, Franklin I -- Richards, Hugh K -- Hong, Young -- Baron, Jean-Claude -- Everitt, Barry J -- Robbins, Trevor W -- 076244/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0001354/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0401068/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600196/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600986/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Mar 2;315(5816):1267-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK. jwd20@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basal Ganglia/metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Benzamides/metabolism ; Cocaine/*administration & dosage ; *Cocaine-Related Disorders/metabolism/psychology ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine Antagonists/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Impulsive Behavior ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens/*metabolism/radionuclide imaging ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Pyrrolidines/metabolism ; Rats ; Reaction Time ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/*metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D3/*metabolism ; *Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Self Administration ; Synaptic Transmission
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    Sirtuin 2 inhibitors rescue alpha-synuclein-mediated toxicity in models of Parkinson's disease (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-06-26
    Description: The sirtuins are members of the histone deacetylase family of proteins that participate in a variety of cellular functions and play a role in aging. We identified a potent inhibitor of sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and found that inhibition of SIRT2 rescued alpha-synuclein toxicity and modified inclusion morphology in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Genetic inhibition of SIRT2 via small interfering RNA similarly rescued alpha-synuclein toxicity. Furthermore, the inhibitors protected against dopaminergic cell death both in vitro and in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. The results suggest a link between neurodegeneration and aging.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Outeiro, Tiago Fleming -- Kontopoulos, Eirene -- Altmann, Stephen M -- Kufareva, Irina -- Strathearn, Katherine E -- Amore, Allison M -- Volk, Catherine B -- Maxwell, Michele M -- Rochet, Jean-Christophe -- McLean, Pamela J -- Young, Anne B -- Abagyan, Ruben -- Feany, Mel B -- Hyman, Bradley T -- Kazantsev, Aleksey G -- 5P50-NS38372A-06/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01-NS049221/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 27;317(5837):516-9. Epub 2007 Jun 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alzheimer's Research Unit, MGH, Harvard Medical School, CNY 114, 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17588900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine/physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Furans/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects ; Parkinson Disease/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology/*physiopathology ; Protein Conformation ; Quinolines/*pharmacology ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Rats ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins/*antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Tubulin/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein/genetics/*metabolism
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    How synaptotagmin promotes membrane fusion (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: Synaptic vesicles loaded with neurotransmitters are exocytosed in a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-dependent manner after presynaptic depolarization induces calcium ion (Ca2+) influx. The Ca2+ sensor required for fast fusion is synaptotagmin-1. The activation energy of bilayer-bilayer fusion is very high (approximately 40 k(B)T). We found that, in response to Ca2+ binding, synaptotagmin-1 could promote SNARE-mediated fusion by lowering this activation barrier by inducing high positive curvature in target membranes on C2-domain membrane insertion. Thus, synaptotagmin-1 triggers the fusion of docked vesicles by local Ca2+-dependent buckling of the plasma membrane together with the zippering of SNAREs. This mechanism may be widely used in membrane fusion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martens, Sascha -- Kozlov, Michael M -- McMahon, Harvey T -- MC_U105178795/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1205-8. Epub 2007 May 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, CB2 0QH Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*physiology ; Cell Membrane/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Exocytosis/physiology ; Humans ; Liposomes ; Membrane Fusion ; Models, Biological ; Rats ; SNARE Proteins/*physiology ; Synaptic Vesicles/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Synaptotagmin I/*physiology
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    Embryonic stem cells. Stem cell science advances as politics stall (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1825.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17600188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Organism ; Embryo Implantation ; Embryo Research/ethics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Embryonic Development ; *Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Humans ; Mice ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Politics ; Rats
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    Magnetic resonance spectroscopy identifies neural progenitor cells in the live human brain (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: The identification of neural stem and progenitor cells (NPCs) by in vivo brain imaging could have important implications for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. We describe a metabolic biomarker for the detection and quantification of NPCs in the human brain in vivo. We used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify and characterize a biomarker in which NPCs are enriched and demonstrated its use as a reference for monitoring neurogenesis. To detect low concentrations of NPCs in vivo, we developed a signal processing method that enabled the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the analysis of the NPC biomarker in both the rodent brain and the hippocampus of live humans. Our findings thus open the possibility of investigating the role of NPCs and neurogenesis in a wide variety of human brain disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4039561/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4039561/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manganas, Louis N -- Zhang, Xueying -- Li, Yao -- Hazel, Raphael D -- Smith, S David -- Wagshul, Mark E -- Henn, Fritz -- Benveniste, Helene -- Djuric, Petar M -- Enikolopov, Grigori -- Maletic-Savatic, Mirjana -- 5K08 NS044276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS044276/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS044276-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS032764/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01-NS32764/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 NS053875/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 NS053875-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21NS05875-1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32DK07521-16/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):980-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991865" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Adult Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology ; Algorithms ; Animals ; Biomarkers/analysis/chemistry ; Brain/cytology/embryology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cell Differentiation ; Child ; Embryonic Stem Cells/chemistry/cytology ; Fatty Acids/*analysis/chemistry ; Female ; Hippocampus/chemistry/*cytology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods ; Male ; Mice ; Neurons/chemistry/*cytology ; Protons ; Rats ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Stem Cells/chemistry/*cytology
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    Control of stress-dependent cardiac growth and gene expression by a microRNA (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-03-24
    Description: The heart responds to diverse forms of stress by hypertrophic growth accompanied by fibrosis and eventual diminution of contractility, which results from down-regulation of alpha-myosin heavy chain (alphaMHC) and up-regulation of betaMHC, the primary contractile proteins of the heart. We found that a cardiac-specific microRNA (miR-208) encoded by an intron of the alphaMHC gene is required for cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and expression of betaMHC in response to stress and hypothyroidism. Thus, the alphaMHC gene, in addition to encoding a major cardiac contractile protein, regulates cardiac growth and gene expression in response to stress and hormonal signaling through miR-208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Rooij, Eva -- Sutherland, Lillian B -- Qi, Xiaoxia -- Richardson, James A -- Hill, Joseph -- Olson, Eric N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 27;316(5824):575-9. Epub 2007 Mar 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiac Myosins/genetics/metabolism ; Cardiomegaly/pathology/physiopathology ; Fibrosis ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Heart/physiopathology ; Heart Diseases/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Hypothyroidism/physiopathology ; Introns ; Mediator Complex ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*physiology ; Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism/*pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology ; Myosin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Triiodothyronine/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Ventricular Myosins/*genetics/metabolism
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    Neuroscience. Hippocampal cells help rats think ahead (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2007-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heyman, Karen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 9;318(5852):900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cognition ; Decision Making ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Electrophysiology ; Hippocampus/*cytology/*physiology ; Maze Learning ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; *Thinking
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-04
    Description: Angiogenesis is thought to depend on a precise balance of positive and negative regulation. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is an angiogenic factor that signals through the endothelial cell-specific Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Like vascular endothelial growth factor, Ang1 is essential for normal vascular development in the mouse. An Ang1 relative, termed angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), was identified by homology screening and shown to be a naturally occurring antagonist for Ang1 and Tie2. Transgenic overexpression of Ang2 disrupts blood vessel formation in the mouse embryo. In adult mice and humans, Ang2 is expressed only at sites of vascular remodeling. Natural antagonists for vertebrate receptor tyrosine kinases are atypical; thus, the discovery of a negative regulator acting on Tie2 emphasizes the need for exquisite regulation of this angiogenic receptor system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maisonpierre, P C -- Suri, C -- Jones, P F -- Bartunkova, S -- Wiegand, S J -- Radziejewski, C -- Compton, D -- McClain, J -- Aldrich, T H -- Papadopoulos, N -- Daly, T J -- Davis, S -- Sato, T N -- Yancopoulos, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 4;277(5322):55-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9204896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Angiopoietin-1 ; Angiopoietin-2 ; Animals ; Blood Vessels/embryology/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphokines/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptor, TIE-2 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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    Amidation of bioactive peptides: the structure of peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-21
    Description: Many neuropeptides and peptide hormones require amidation at the carboxyl terminus for activity. Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) catalyzes the amidation of these diverse physiological regulators. The amino-terminal domain of the bifunctional PAM protein is a peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) with two coppers that cycle through cupric and cuprous oxidation states. The anomalous signal of the endogenous coppers was used to determine the structure of the catalytic core of oxidized rat PHM with and without bound peptide substrate. These structures strongly suggest that the PHM reaction proceeds via activation of substrate by a copper-bound oxygen species. The mechanistic and structural insight gained from the PHM structures can be directly extended to dopamine beta-monooxygenase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prigge, S T -- Kolhekar, A S -- Eipper, B A -- Mains, R E -- Amzel, L M -- DK32949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM44692/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1300-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9360928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Copper/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dipeptides/metabolism ; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase/chemistry/metabolism ; Electrons ; Hydroxylation ; Ligands ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; *Multienzyme Complexes ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Peptides/metabolism ; *Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rats
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    Gene discovery offers tentative clues to Parkinson's (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):1973.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9221499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Lewy Bodies/chemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics ; Oxidative Stress ; Parkinson Disease/etiology/*genetics ; Point Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Rats ; Synucleins
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    NGF signals ride a trolley to nucleus (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 22;277(5329):1037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9289850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Axonal Transport ; Axons/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, trkA ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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  • 41
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    Neurogenesis in postnatal rat spinal cord: a study in primary culture (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-04-25
    Description: Spinal cord injuries result in paralysis, because when damaged neurons die they are not replaced. Neurogenesis of electrophysiologically functional neurons occurred in spinal cord cultured from postnatal rats. In these cultures, the numbers of immunocytochemically identified neurons increased over time. Additionally, neurons identified immunocytochemically or electrophysiologically incorporated bromodeoxyuridine, confirming they had differentiated from mitotic cells in vitro. These findings suggest that postnatal spinal cord retains the capacity to generate functional neurons. The presence of neuronal precursor cells in postnatal spinal cord may offer new therapeutic approaches for restoration of function to individuals with spinal cord injuries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kehl, L J -- Fairbanks, C A -- Laughlin, T M -- Wilcox, G L -- DA07097/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA07234/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DE00225/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):586-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9110976" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Bromodeoxyuridine/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/analysis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mitosis ; Neurons/chemistry/*cytology/metabolism ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/analysis ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/chemistry/*cytology ; Tubulin/analysis
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  • 42
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    Rat model for Gulf War syndrome? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 21;278(5342):1404.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus/*drug effects/metabolism ; Humans ; Isoflurophate/*toxicity ; Maze Learning/drug effects ; Military Personnel ; Nicotinic Antagonists/toxicity ; Persian Gulf Syndrome/*chemically induced/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*metabolism
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  • 43
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    Marijuana: harder than thought? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):1967-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9221496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/drug effects/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects/metabolism ; *Cannabis ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*metabolism ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Dronabinol/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*metabolism ; Substance-Related Disorders/metabolism
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  • 44
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    Regulatory phosphorylation of AMPA-type glutamate receptors by CaM-KII during long-term potentiation (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: Long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory, requires calcium-dependent protein kinases. Induction of LTP increased the phosphorus-32 labeling of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (AMPA-Rs), which mediate rapid excitatory synaptic transmission. This AMPA-R phosphorylation appeared to be catalyzed by Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-KII): (i) it correlated with the activation and autophosphorylation of CaM-KII, (ii) it was blocked by the CaM-KII inhibitor KN-62, and (iii) its phosphorus-32 peptide map was the same as that of GluR1 coexpressed with activated CaM-KII in HEK-293 cells. This covalent modulation of AMPA-Rs in LTP provides a postsynaptic molecular mechanism for synaptic plasticity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barria, A -- Muller, D -- Derkach, V -- Griffith, L C -- Soderling, T R -- NS27037/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM054408/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):2042-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9197267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects ; Male ; Peptide Mapping ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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  • 45
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    Large porous particles for pulmonary drug delivery (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-20
    Description: A new type of inhalation aerosol, characterized by particles of small mass density and large size, permitted the highly efficient delivery of inhaled therapeutics into the systemic circulation. Particles with mass densities less than 0.4 gram per cubic centimeter and mean diameters exceeding 5 micrometers were inspired deep into the lungs and escaped the lungs' natural clearance mechanisms until the inhaled particles delivered their therapeutic payload. Inhalation of large porous insulin particles resulted in elevated systemic levels of insulin and suppressed systemic glucose levels for 96 hours, whereas small nonporous insulin particles had this effect for only 4 hours. High systemic bioavailability of testosterone was also achieved by inhalation delivery of porous particles with a mean diameter (20 micrometers) approximately 10 times that of conventional inhaled therapeutic particles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edwards, D A -- Hanes, J -- Caponetti, G -- Hrkach, J -- Ben-Jebria, A -- Eskew, M L -- Mintzes, J -- Deaver, D -- Lotan, N -- Langer, R -- GM26698/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD29125/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 20;276(5320):1868-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 204 Fenske Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA. dxe11@psuv.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9188534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Administration, Inhalation ; Aerosols ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; *Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; Insulin/administration & dosage/blood/pharmacokinetics ; *Lactic Acid ; *Lung ; Male ; Particle Size ; *Polyglycolic Acid ; *Polylysine ; *Polymers ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone/administration & dosage/blood/pharmacokinetics
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    Experiments in a Parkinson's rat model (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pallini, R -- Consales, A -- Lauretti, L -- Fernandez, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 18;277(5324):389-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9518368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dopamine/physiology ; Fluorescent Dyes/*metabolism ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Nerve Degeneration ; Nerve Growth Factors/genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neurons/metabolism/pathology ; *Neuroprotective Agents ; Oxidopamine/pharmacology ; Parkinson Disease/pathology/*therapy ; Rats ; *Stilbamidines ; Substantia Nigra/metabolism/*pathology
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  • 47
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    A neural substrate of prediction and reward (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-03-14
    Description: The capacity to predict future events permits a creature to detect, model, and manipulate the causal structure of its interactions with its environment. Behavioral experiments suggest that learning is driven by changes in the expectations about future salient events such as rewards and punishments. Physiological work has recently complemented these studies by identifying dopaminergic neurons in the primate whose fluctuating output apparently signals changes or errors in the predictions of future salient and rewarding events. Taken together, these findings can be understood through quantitative theories of adaptive optimizing control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schultz, W -- Dayan, P -- Montague, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 14;275(5306):1593-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Physiology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Wolfram.Schultz@unifr.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9054347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Cues ; Dopamine/*physiology ; *Learning ; Mesencephalon/*physiology ; *Models, Neurological ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; *Reward
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  • 48
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    Alternative cleavage of Alzheimer-associated presenilins during apoptosis by a caspase-3 family protease (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-07-18
    Description: Most cases of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) are caused by mutations in the genes encoding the presenilin 1 (PS1) and PS2 proteins, both of which undergo regulated endoproteolytic processing. During apoptosis, PS1 and PS2 were shown to be cleaved at sites distal to their normal cleavage sites by a caspase-3 family protease. In cells expressing PS2 containing the asparagine-141 FAD mutant, the ratio of alternative to normal PS2 cleavage fragments was increased relative to wild-type PS2-expressing cells, suggesting a potential role for apoptosis-associated cleavage of presenilins in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, T W -- Pettingell, W H -- Jung, Y K -- Kovacs, D M -- Tanzi, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 18;277(5324):373-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genetics and Aging Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9219695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones/pharmacology ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; *Caspases ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Etoposide/pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Oligopeptides/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Presenilin-1 ; Presenilin-2 ; Rats ; Staurosporine/pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 49
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    NMDA channel regulation by channel-associated protein tyrosine kinase Src (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-01-31
    Description: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mediates synaptic transmission and plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) and is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. In membrane patches excised from mammalian central neurons, the endogenous tyrosine kinase Src was shown to regulate the activity of NMDA channels. The action of Src required a sequence [Src(40-58)] within the noncatalytic, unique domain of Src. In addition, Src coprecipitated with NMDA receptor proteins. Finally, endogenous Src regulated the function of NMDA receptors at synapses. Thus, NMDA receptor regulation by Src may be important in development, plasticity, and pathology in the CNS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, X M -- Askalan, R -- Keil, G J 2nd -- Salter, M W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 31;275(5300):674-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9005855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; N-Methylaspartate/metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Oligopeptides/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/cytology ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; src-Family Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Fear of hope (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 26;277(5334):1907.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9333941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cell Transplantation ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Neuroglia/*transplantation ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/transplantation ; Rats ; Spinal Cord Injuries/surgery/*therapy
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    The product of the proto-oncogene c-cbl: a negative regulator of the Syk tyrosine kinase (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-04-18
    Description: Engagement of antigen and immunoglobulin receptors on hematopoietic cells is directly coupled to activation of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) that then phosphorylate critical intracellular substrates. In mast cells stimulated through the FcvarepsilonRI receptor, activation of several PTKs including Syk leads to degranulation and release of such mediators of the allergic response as histamine and serotonin. Regulation of Syk function occurred through interaction with the Cbl protein, itself a PTK substrate in this system. Overexpression of Cbl led to inhibition of Syk and suppression of serotonin release from mast cells, demonstrating its ability to inhibit a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase. Complex adaptor proteins such as Cbl can directly regulate the functions of the proteins they bind.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ota, Y -- Samelson, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 18;276(5311):418-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5430, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9103201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Degranulation ; Enzyme Precursors/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mast Cells/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl ; Rats ; Receptors, IgE/metabolism ; Receptors, IgG/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Vaccinia virus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A synaptically controlled, associative signal for Hebbian plasticity in hippocampal neurons (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-10
    Description: The role of back-propagating dendritic action potentials in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) was investigated in CA1 neurons by means of dendritic patch recordings and simultaneous calcium imaging. Pairing of subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) with back-propagating action potentials resulted in an amplification of dendritic action potentials and evoked calcium influx near the site of synaptic input. This pairing also induced a robust LTP, which was reduced when EPSPs were paired with non-back-propagating action potentials or when stimuli were unpaired. Action potentials thus provide a synaptically controlled, associative signal to the dendrites for Hebbian modifications of synaptic strength.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magee, J C -- Johnston, D -- MH44754/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS09482/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS11535/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):209-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. jmagee@ptp.bcm.tmc.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8985013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/physiology ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Feedback ; In Vitro Techniques ; Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A bitter battle over insulin gene (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 22;277(5329):1028-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9289846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; California ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Recombinant ; Drug Industry ; *Genetic Research ; *Genetic Vectors ; Guideline Adherence/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Insulin/*genetics ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Patents as Topic ; *Plasmids ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins ; Scientific Misconduct/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; Universities
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Molecules give new insights into deadliest brain cancers (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1226.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brevican ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Chloride Channels/*physiology ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans ; Glioma/*metabolism/*pathology/therapy ; Humans ; Lectins, C-Type ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Neuroglia/metabolism ; Rats ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Seeing the synapse (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelner, K L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):547.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9148416" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Calcium-Binding Proteins ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Stimulation ; Hippocampus ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; R-SNARE Proteins ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Synaptotagmins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The year of the dendrite (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sejnowski, T J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):178-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, University of California, San Diego, CA 92186, USA. terry@salk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Ion Channels ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Synapses/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
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    Calcium waves in retinal glial cells (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-07
    Description: Calcium signals were recorded from glial cells in acutely isolated rat retina to determine whether Ca2+ waves occur in glial cells of intact central nervous system tissue. Chemical (adenosine triphosphate), electrical, and mechanical stimulation of astrocytes initiated increases in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ that propagated at approximately 23 micrometers per second through astrocytes and Muller cells as intercellular waves. The Ca2+ waves persisted in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ but were largely abolished by thapsigargin and intracellular heparin, indicating that Ca2+ was released from intracellular stores. The waves did not evoke changes in cell membrane potential but traveled synchronously in astrocytes and Muller cells, suggesting a functional linkage between these two types of glial cells. Such glial Ca2+ waves may constitute an extraneuronal signaling pathway in the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2410141/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2410141/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newman, E A -- Zahs, K R -- EY04077/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY10383/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY004077/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY004077-19/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 7;275(5301):844-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Minnesota, 435 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9012354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Heparin/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ; Kinetics ; Membrane Potentials ; Neuroglia/*metabolism ; Physical Stimulation ; Rats ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ; Retina/*cytology/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Thapsigargin/pharmacology
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    Nuclear export of NF-ATc enhanced by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-28
    Description: The transcription factor NF-AT responds to Ca2+-calcineurin signals by translocating to the nucleus, where it participates in the activation of early immune response genes. Calcineurin dephosphorylates conserved serine residues in the amino terminus of NF-AT, resulting in nuclear import. Purification of the NF-AT kinase revealed that it is composed of a priming kinase activity and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). GSK-3 phosphorylates conserved serines necessary for nuclear export, promotes nuclear exit, and thereby opposes Ca2+-calcineurin signaling. Because GSK-3 responds to signals initiated by Wnt and other ligands, NF-AT family members could be effectors of these pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beals, C R -- Sheridan, C M -- Turck, C W -- Gardner, P -- Crabtree, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 28;275(5308):1930-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Brain/enzymology ; COS Cells ; Calcineurin ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; Glycogen Synthase Kinases ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Curing rat glioblastoma: immunotherapy or graft rejection? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beutler, A S -- Banck, M S -- Aguzzi, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 4;276(5309):20-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Glioblastoma/*immunology/*therapy ; *Graft Rejection ; Histocompatibility Antigens/*immunology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*genetics ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; RNA, Antisense/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Removal of osteoclast bone resorption products by transcytosis (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-11
    Description: Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption. During the resorption cycle, osteoclasts undergo dramatic changes in their polarity, and resorbing cells reveal four functionally and structurally different membrane domains. Bone degradation products, both organic and inorganic, were endocytosed from the ruffled border membrane. They were then found to be transported in vesicles through the cell to the plasma membrane domain, located in the middle of the basal membrane, where they were liberated into the extracellular space. These results explain how resorbing osteoclasts can simultaneously remove large amounts of matrix degradation products and penetrate into bone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Salo, J -- Lehenkari, P -- Mulari, M -- Metsikko, K -- Vaananen, H K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 11;276(5310):270-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Biocenter, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 52 A, 90220 Oulu, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9092479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Biotin/metabolism ; Bone Matrix/*metabolism ; *Bone Resorption ; Cattle ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cell Polarity ; Cells, Cultured ; Endocytosis ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron ; Minerals/metabolism ; Organelles/metabolism ; Osteocalcin/metabolism ; Osteoclasts/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Tetracycline/metabolism
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    The importance of a well-groomed child (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sapolsky, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 12;277(5332):1620-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. sapolsky@leland.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9312858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Behavior, Animal ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/secretion ; *Grooming ; *Handling (Psychology) ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; *Maternal Behavior ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
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    How does the brain organize memories? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eichenbaum, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 18;277(5324):330-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. hbe@bu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9518364" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amnesia/physiopathology/psychology ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cues ; Haplorhini ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Humans ; *Memory ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons/physiology ; Rats
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    Regulation of gliogenesis in the central nervous system by the JAK-STAT signaling pathway (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-23
    Description: A mechanism by which members of the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)-leukemia inhibitory factor cytokine family regulate gliogenesis in the developing mammalian central nervous system was characterized. Activation of the CNTF receptor promoted differentiation of cerebral cortical precursor cells into astrocytes and inhibited differentiation of cortical precursors along a neuronal lineage. Although CNTF stimulated both the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in cortical precursor cells, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway selectively enhanced differentiation of these precursors along a glial lineage. These findings suggest that cytokine activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway may be a mechanism by which cell fate is controlled during mammalian development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonni, A -- Sun, Y -- Nadal-Vicens, M -- Bhatt, A -- Frank, D A -- Rozovsky, I -- Stahl, N -- Yancopoulos, G D -- Greenberg, M E -- NIHP30-HD 18655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA43855/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 17;278(5337):477-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9334309" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Astrocytes/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex/*cytology/embryology ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Cytokine Receptor gp130 ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/biosynthesis ; Growth Inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Interleukin-6 ; Janus Kinase 1 ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit ; Lymphokines/metabolism/pharmacology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism ; Receptors, OSM-LIF ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Postsynaptic glutamate transport at the climbing fiber-Purkinje cell synapse (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-05
    Description: The role of postsynaptic, neuronal glutamate transporters in terminating signals at central excitatory synapses is not known. Stimulation of a climbing fiber input to cerebellar Purkinje cells was shown to generate an anionic current mediated by glutamate transporters. The kinetics of transporter currents were resolved by pulses of glutamate to outside-out membrane patches from Purkinje cells. Comparison of synaptic transporter currents to transporter currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes suggests that postsynaptic uptake at the climbing fiber synapse removes at least 22 percent of released glutamate. These neuronal transporter currents arise from synchronous activation of transporters that greatly outnumber activated AMPA receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Otis, T S -- Kavanaugh, M P -- Jahr, C E -- NS21419/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS33270/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, L-474, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9278516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amino Acid Transport System X-AG ; Animals ; Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Biological Transport ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Dicarboxylic Acids/pharmacology ; Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Nerve Fibers/*metabolism ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Purkinje Cells/*metabolism ; Pyrrolidines/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, Glutamate/*metabolism ; *Symporters ; Synapses/*metabolism ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Xenopus
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Induction of cell migration by matrix metalloprotease-2 cleavage of laminin-5 (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-11
    Description: Structural changes in the extracellular matrix are necessary for cell migration during tissue remodeling and tumor invasion. Specific cleavage of laminin-5 (Ln-5) by matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP2) was shown to induce migration of breast epithelial cells. MMP2 cleaved the Ln-5 gamma2 subunit at residue 587, exposing a putative cryptic promigratory site on Ln-5 that triggers cell motility. This altered form of Ln-5 is found in tumors and in tissues undergoing remodeling, but not in quiescent tissues. Cleavage of Ln-5 by MMP2 and the resulting activation of the Ln-5 cryptic site may provide new targets for modulation of tumor cell invasion and tissue remodeling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giannelli, G -- Falk-Marzillier, J -- Schiraldi, O -- Stetler-Stevenson, W G -- Quaranta, V -- CA47858/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DE10063/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 11;277(5323):225-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9211848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast/*cytology/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; *Cell Movement ; Cell Size ; Collagenases/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/*metabolism ; Female ; Fibrinolysin/metabolism ; Gelatinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Metalloendopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Mice ; Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; Thiophenes/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Peripheral and cerebral asymmetries in the rat (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-23
    Description: Rats learn a novel foraging pattern better with their right-side whiskers than with their left-side whiskers. They also learn better with the left cerebral hemisphere than with the right hemisphere. Rotating an already learned maze relative to the external environment most strongly reduces right-whisker performance; starting an already learned maze at a different location most strongly reduces left-whisker performance. These results suggest that the right-periphery-left-hemisphere system accesses a map-like representation of the foraging problem, whereas the left-periphery-right-hemisphere system accesses a rote path. Thus, as in humans, functional asymmetries in rats can be elicited by both peripheral and cortical manipulation, and each hemisphere makes qualitatively distinct contributions to a complex natural behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉LaMendola, N P -- Bever, T G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 17;278(5337):483-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9334310" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; *Dominance, Cerebral ; Functional Laterality ; Male ; *Maze Learning ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vibrissae/*physiology
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    Spatially and functionally distinct Ca2+ stores in sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-14
    Description: The organization of calcium (Ca2+) stores in the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum (S-ER) is poorly understood. The dynamics of the storage and release of calcium in the S-ER of intact, cultured astrocytes and arterial myocytes were studied with high-resolution imaging methods. The S-ER appeared to be a continuous tubular network; nevertheless, calcium stores in the S-ER were organized into small, spatially distinct compartments that functioned as discrete units. Cyclopiazonic acid (an inhibitor of the calcium pump in the S-ER membrane) and caffeine or ryanodine unloaded different, spatially separate compartments. Heterogeneity of calcium stores was also revealed in cells activated by physiological agonists. These results suggest that cells can generate spatially and temporally distinct calcium signals to control individual calcium-dependent processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Golovina, V A -- Blaustein, M P -- HL-32276/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS-16106/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 14;275(5306):1643-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Center for Vascular Biology and Hypertension, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9054358" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Cells, Cultured ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism ; Fura-2/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/pharmacology ; Indoles/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Ryanodine/pharmacology ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Serotonin/pharmacology
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    Defective excitation-contraction coupling in experimental cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-05-02
    Description: Cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure caused by high blood pressure were studied in single myocytes taken from hypertensive rats (Dahl SS/Jr) and SH-HF rats in heart failure. Confocal microscopy and patch-clamp methods were used to examine excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, and the relation between the plasma membrane calcium current (ICa) and evoked calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), which was visualized as "calcium sparks." The ability of ICa to trigger calcium release from the SR in both hypertrophied and failing hearts was reduced. Because ICa density and SR calcium-release channels were normal, the defect appears to reside in a change in the relation between SR calcium-release channels and sarcolemmal calcium channels. beta-Adrenergic stimulation largely overcame the defect in hypertrophic but not failing heart cells. Thus, the same defect in EC coupling that develops during hypertrophy may contribute to heart failure when compensatory mechanisms fail.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gomez, A M -- Valdivia, H H -- Cheng, H -- Lederer, M R -- Santana, L F -- Cannell, M B -- McCune, S A -- Altschuld, R A -- Lederer, W J -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 2;276(5313):800-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and the Medical Biotechnology Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Universit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9115206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; Cardiomegaly/etiology/*physiopathology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Heart Failure/etiology/*physiopathology ; Hypertension/complications ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects/*physiology ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Nifedipine/pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dopamine's role (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gray, J A -- Young, A M -- Joseph, M H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1548-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Dopamine/metabolism/*physiology ; Humans ; Nucleus Accumbens/*metabolism ; Rats ; Reinforcement (Psychology)
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    Phosphorylation of the translational repressor PHAS-I by the mammalian target of rapamycin (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-07-04
    Description: The immunosuppressant rapamycin interferes with G1-phase progression in lymphoid and other cell types by inhibiting the function of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR was determined to be a terminal kinase in a signaling pathway that couples mitogenic stimulation to the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)-4E-binding protein, PHAS-I. The rapamycin-sensitive protein kinase activity of mTOR was required for phosphorylation of PHAS-I in insulin-stimulated human embryonic kidney cells. mTOR phosphorylated PHAS-I on serine and threonine residues in vitro, and these modifications inhibited the binding of PHAS-I to eIF-4E. These studies define a role for mTOR in translational control and offer further insights into the mechanism whereby rapamycin inhibits G1-phase progression in mammalian cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brunn, G J -- Hudson, C C -- Sekulic, A -- Williams, J M -- Hosoi, H -- Houghton, P J -- Lawrence, J C Jr -- Abraham, R T -- AR41189/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- DK28312/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK50628/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 4;277(5322):99-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9204908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Androstadienes/pharmacology ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/pharmacology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E ; G1 Phase ; Heat-Shock Proteins/pharmacology ; Humans ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Peptide Initiation Factors/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Polyenes/*pharmacology ; *Protein Kinases ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Tacrolimus Binding Proteins ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Blood flow regulation by S-nitrosohemoglobin in the physiological oxygen gradient (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: The binding of oxygen to heme irons in hemoglobin promotes the binding of nitric oxide (NO) to cysteinebeta93, forming S-nitrosohemoglobin. Deoxygenation is accompanied by an allosteric transition in S-nitrosohemoglobin [from the R (oxygenated) to the T (deoxygenated) structure] that releases the NO group. S-nitrosohemoglobin contracts blood vessels and decreases cerebral perfusion in the R structure and relaxes vessels to improve blood flow in the T structure. By thus sensing the physiological oxygen gradient in tissues, hemoglobin exploits conformation-associated changes in the position of cysteinebeta93 SNO to bring local blood flow into line with oxygen requirements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stamler, J S -- Jia, L -- Eu, J P -- McMahon, T J -- Demchenko, I T -- Bonaventura, J -- Gernert, K -- Piantadosi, C A -- HL 52529/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HR59130/HR/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):2034-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Room 321 MSRB, Box 2612, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9197264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure ; *Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Cysteine/chemistry/metabolism ; *Hemodynamics ; Hemoglobins/analysis/chemistry/*physiology ; *Mercaptoethanol ; Models, Molecular ; Nitric Oxide/blood/metabolism ; Nitroso Compounds/blood ; Oxygen/*blood ; Oxyhemoglobins/chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; *S-Nitrosothiols
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    Proinsulin C-peptide--biological activity? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steiner, D F -- Rubenstein, A H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 25;277(5325):531-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. dfsteine@midway.uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9254422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; C-Peptide/chemistry/pharmacology/*physiology ; Capillary Permeability/drug effects ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Insulin/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Neural Conduction ; Proinsulin/chemistry ; Protein Folding ; Rats ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
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    Dual role of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate in the activation of protein kinase B (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-25
    Description: Protein kinase B (PKB) is a proto-oncogene that is activated in signaling pathways initiated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Chromatographic separation of brain cytosol revealed a kinase activity that phosphorylated and activated PKB only in the presence of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3]. Phosphorylation occurred exclusively on threonine-308, a residue implicated in activation of PKB in vivo. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 was determined to have a dual role: Its binding to the pleckstrin homology domain of PKB was required to allow phosphorylation by the upstream kinase and it directly activated the upstream kinase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokoe, D -- Stephens, L R -- Copeland, T -- Gaffney, P R -- Reese, C B -- Painter, G F -- Holmes, A B -- McCormick, F -- Hawkins, P T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 25;277(5325):567-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Onyx Pharmaceuticals, 3031 Research Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA. stokoe@cc.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9228007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blood Proteins/chemistry ; Brain/enzymology ; COS Cells ; Cytosol/enzymology ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; *Phosphoproteins ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphothreonine/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Stereoisomerism
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    Sensitization to morphine induced by viral-mediated gene transfer (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-08
    Description: Repeated administration of morphine sensitizes animals to the stimulant and rewarding properties of the drug. It also selectively increases expression of GluR1 (an AMPA glutamate receptor subunit) in the ventral tegmental area, a midbrain region implicated in morphine action. By viral-mediated gene transfer, a causal relation is shown between these behavioral and biochemical adaptations: Morphine's stimulant and rewarding properties are intensified after microinjections of a viral vector expressing GluR1 into the ventral tegmental area. These results confirm the importance of AMPA receptors in morphine action and demonstrate specific locomotor and motivational adaptations resulting from altered expression of a single localized gene product.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlezon, W A Jr -- Boundy, V A -- Haile, C N -- Lane, S B -- Kalb, R G -- Neve, R L -- Nestler, E J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 8;277(5327):812-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9242609" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Conditioning, Classical ; *Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Morphine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA/*genetics/*physiology ; Reward ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Transgenes ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; Ventral Tegmental Area/*drug effects/metabolism
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    Marijuana addiction (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grinspoon, L -- Bakalar, J B -- Zimmer, L -- Morgan, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 8;277(5327):749; author reply 750-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9273692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cannabis ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dronabinol/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Reward ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; *Substance-Related Disorders
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    Repair of adult rat corticospinal tract by transplants of olfactory ensheathing cells (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-26
    Description: The upper cervical corticospinal tract was transected on one side in adult rats. A suspension of ensheathing cells cultured from adult rat olfactory bulb was injected into the lesion site. This induced unbranched, elongative growth of the cut corticospinal axons. The axons grew through the transplant and continued to regenerate into the denervated caudal host tract. Rats with complete transections and no transplanted cells did not use the forepaw on the lesioned side for directed reaching. Rats in which the transplanted cells had formed a continuous bridge across the lesion exhibited directed forepaw reaching on the lesioned side.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Y -- Field, P M -- Raisman, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 26;277(5334):2000-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Norman and Sadie Lee Research Centre, Division of Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research, Medical Research Council, London NW7 1AA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9302296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Brain Tissue Transplantation ; Cell Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Denervation ; Female ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myelin Sheath/physiology ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Neuroglia/physiology/*transplantation/ultrastructure ; Olfactory Bulb/*cytology ; Olfactory Nerve/*cytology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/*physiology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*surgery
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    Measuring serotonin distribution in live cells with three-photon excitation (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-01-24
    Description: Tryptophan and serotonin were imaged with infrared illumination by three-photon excitation (3PE) of their native ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence. This technique, established by 3PE cross section measurements of tryptophan and the monoamines serotonin and dopamine, circumvents the limitations imposed by photodamage, scattering, and indiscriminate background encountered in other UV microscopies. Three-dimensionally resolved images are presented along with measurements of the serotonin concentration ( approximately 50 mM) and content (up to approximately 5 x 10(8) molecules) of individual secretory granules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maiti, S -- Shear, J B -- Williams, R M -- Zipfel, W R -- Webb, W W -- RR04224/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR07719/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 24;275(5299):530-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999797" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival ; Cytoplasmic Granules/*chemistry ; Dopamine/analysis ; Lasers ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/instrumentation/*methods ; Photochemistry ; *Photons ; Rats ; Serotonin/*analysis ; Tryptophan/analysis ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Ultraviolet Rays
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Regulation of synaptic efficacy by coincidence of postsynaptic APs and EPSPs (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-10
    Description: Activity-driven modifications in synaptic connections between neurons in the neocortex may occur during development and learning. In dual whole-cell voltage recordings from pyramidal neurons, the coincidence of postsynaptic action potentials (APs) and unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) was found to induce changes in EPSPs. Their average amplitudes were differentially up- or down-regulated, depending on the precise timing of postsynaptic APs relative to EPSPs. These observations suggest that APs propagating back into dendrites serve to modify single active synaptic connections, depending on the pattern of electrical activity in the pre- and postsynaptic neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Markram, H -- Lubke, J -- Frotscher, M -- Sakmann, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):213-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Medizinische Forschung, Abteilung Zellphysiologie, Jahnstrasse 29, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. bnmark@weizmann.weizmann.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8985014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/physiology ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Down-Regulation ; Electric Stimulation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    An NGF-TrkA-mediated retrograde signal to transcription factor CREB in sympathetic neurons (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-22
    Description: Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor secreted by cells that are the targets of innervation of sympathetic and some sensory neurons. However, the mechanism by which the NGF signal is propagated from the axon terminal to the cell body, which can be more than 1 meter away, to influence biochemical events critical for growth and survival of neurons has remained unclear. An NGF-mediated signal transmitted from the terminals and distal axons of cultured rat sympathetic neurons to their nuclei regulated phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB (cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein). Internalization of NGF and its receptor tyrosine kinase TrkA, and their transport to the cell body, were required for transmission of this signal. The tyrosine kinase activity of TrkA was required to maintain it in an autophosphorylated state upon its arrival in the cell body and for propagation of the signal to CREB within neuronal nuclei. Thus, an NGF-TrkA complex is a messenger that delivers the NGF signal from axon terminals to cell bodies of sympathetic neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riccio, A -- Pierchala, B A -- Ciarallo, C L -- Ginty, D D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 22;277(5329):1097-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9262478" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Axonal Transport ; Axons/*metabolism ; Carbazoles/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/*metabolism ; Indole Alkaloids ; Microspheres ; Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Receptor, trkA ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Superior Cervical Ganglion/cytology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Requirement for the CD95 receptor-ligand pathway in c-Myc-induced apoptosis (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-21
    Description: Induction of apoptosis by oncogenes like c-myc may be important in restraining the emergence of neoplasia. However, the mechanism by which c-myc induces apoptosis is unknown. CD95 (also termed Fas or APO-1) is a cell surface transmembrane receptor of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family that activates an intrinsic apoptotic suicide program in cells upon binding either its ligand CD95L or antibody. c-myc-induced apoptosis was shown to require interaction on the cell surface between CD95 and its ligand. c-Myc acts downstream of the CD95 receptor by sensitizing cells to the CD95 death signal. Moreover, IGF-I signaling and Bcl-2 suppress c-myc-induced apoptosis by also acting downstream of CD95. These findings link two apoptotic pathways previously thought to be independent and establish the dependency of Myc on CD95 signaling for its killing activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hueber, A O -- Zornig, M -- Lyon, D -- Suda, T -- Nagata, S -- Evan, G I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1305-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9360929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD95/*metabolism ; *Apoptosis ; Autocrine Communication ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, myc ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology/physiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/pharmacology/physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/*metabolism ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    Good pain, bad pain (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iadarola, J M -- Caudle, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 10;278(5336):239-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pain and Neurosensory Mechanisms Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4410, USA. iadarola@yoda.nidr.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9340772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia/physiopathology/*therapy ; *Immunotoxins ; Isoenzymes/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mutation ; *N-Glycosyl Hydrolases ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*metabolism/pathology ; Pain/physiopathology ; *Pain Management ; Plant Proteins/*administration & dosage ; Protein Kinase C/genetics/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/biosynthesis ; Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord ; Substance P/administration & dosage
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
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    Maternal care, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-12
    Description: Variations in maternal care affect the development of individual differences in neuroendocrine responses to stress in rats. As adults, the offspring of mothers that exhibited more licking and grooming of pups during the first 10 days of life showed reduced plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone responses to acute stress, increased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA expression, enhanced glucocorticoid feedback sensitivity, and decreased levels of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone messenger RNA. Each measure was significantly correlated with the frequency of maternal licking and grooming (all r's 〉 -0.6). These findings suggest that maternal behavior serves to "program" hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress in the offspring.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, D -- Diorio, J -- Tannenbaum, B -- Caldji, C -- Francis, D -- Freedman, A -- Sharma, S -- Pearson, D -- Plotsky, P M -- Meaney, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 12;277(5332):1659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9287218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Corticosterone/blood/pharmacology ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics ; Feedback ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Grooming ; Handling (Psychology) ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/*physiology ; *Maternal Behavior ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics/*metabolism ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology
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    Synaptic depression and cortical gain control (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-01-10
    Description: Cortical neurons receive synaptic inputs from thousands of afferents that fire action potentials at rates ranging from less than 1 hertz to more than 200 hertz. Both the number of afferents and their large dynamic range can mask changes in the spatial and temporal pattern of synaptic activity, limiting the ability of a cortical neuron to respond to its inputs. Modeling work based on experimental measurements indicates that short-term depression of intracortical synapses provides a dynamic gain-control mechanism that allows equal percentage rate changes on rapidly and slowly firing afferents to produce equal postsynaptic responses. Unlike inhibitory and adaptive mechanisms that reduce responsiveness to all inputs, synaptic depression is input-specific, leading to a dramatic increase in the sensitivity of a neuron to subtle changes in the firing patterns of its afferents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbott, L F -- Varela, J A -- Sen, K -- Nelson, S B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):220-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Volen Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8985017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Models, Neurological ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Rats ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Visual Cortex/physiology
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  • 84
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    Prevention of vascular and neural dysfunction in diabetic rats by C-peptide (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-25
    Description: C-peptide, a cleavage product from the processing of proinsulin to insulin, has been considered to possess little if any biological activity other than its participation in insulin synthesis. Injection of human C-peptide prevented or attenuated vascular and neural (electrophysiological) dysfunction and impaired Na+- and K+-dependent adenosine triphosphate activity in tissues of diabetic rats. Nonpolar amino acids in the midportion of the peptide were required for these biological effects. Synthetic reverse sequence (retro) and all-D-amino acid (enantio) C-peptides were equipotent to native C-peptide, which indicates that the effects of C-peptide on diabetic vascular and neural dysfunction were mediated by nonchiral interactions instead of stereospecific receptors or binding sites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ido, Y -- Vindigni, A -- Chang, K -- Stramm, L -- Chance, R -- Heath, W F -- DiMarchi, R D -- Di Cera, E -- Williamson, J R -- EY 06600/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HL 39934/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 58141/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 25;277(5325):563-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9228006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blood Circulation/drug effects ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; C-Peptide/*chemistry/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Capillary Permeability/drug effects ; Circular Dichroism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Diabetic Angiopathies/*prevention & control ; Diabetic Neuropathies/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neural Conduction/drug effects ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism
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  • 85
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    Activation of corticotropin-releasing factor in the limbic system during cannabinoid withdrawal (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) has been implicated in the mediation of the stress-like and negative affective consequences of withdrawal from drugs of abuse, such as alcohol, cocaine, and opiates. This study sought to determine whether brain CRF systems also have a role in cannabinoid dependence. Rats were treated daily for 2 weeks with the potent synthetic cannabinoid HU-210. Withdrawal, induced by the cannabinoid antagonist SR 141716A, was accompanied by a marked elevation in extracellular CRF concentration and a distinct pattern of Fos activation in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Maximal increases in CRF corresponded to the time when behavioral signs resulting from cannabinoid withdrawal were at a maximum. These data suggest that long-term cannabinoid administration alters CRF function in the limbic system of the brain, in a manner similar to that observed with other drugs of abuse, and also induces neuroadaptive processes that may result in future vulnerability to drug dependence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodriguez de Fonseca, F -- Carrera, M R -- Navarro, M -- Koob, G F -- Weiss, F -- DA 08426/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DK26741/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):2050-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto Complutense de Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9197270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/drug effects/*metabolism ; Animals ; Anxiety/chemically induced ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Corticosterone/blood ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*metabolism ; Dronabinol/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/antagonists & ; inhibitors/pharmacology ; Male ; Microdialysis ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/analysis ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; Receptors, Drug/antagonists & inhibitors ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/metabolism
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  • 86
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    Paradoxical improvement of impulse conduction in cardiac tissue by partial cellular uncoupling (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-07
    Description: Generally, impulse propagation in cardiac tissue is assumed to be impaired by a reduction of intercellular electrical coupling or by the presence of structural discontinuities. Contrary to this notion, the spatially uniform reduction of electrical coupling induced successful conduction in discontinuous cardiac tissue structures exhibiting unidirectional conduction block. This seemingly paradoxical finding can be explained by a nonsymmetric effect of uncoupling on the current source and the current sink in the preparations used. It suggests that partial cellular uncoupling might prevent the initiation of cardiac arrhythmias that are dependent on the presence of unidirectional conduction block.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rohr, S -- Kucera, J P -- Fast, V G -- Kleber, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 7;275(5301):841-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Buhlplatz 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. rohr@pyl.unibe.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9012353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Diffusion ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology ; Gap Junctions/physiology ; Heart/*physiology ; Heart Conduction System/*physiology ; Microscopy, Video ; Rats
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  • 87
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    Neuroscience. More than just frequency detectors? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomson, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):179-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London NW3 2PF, UK. alext@rfhsm.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Dendrites/physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; *Models, Neurological ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Probability ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; Rats ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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  • 88
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    Evolution of a strain of CJD that induces BSE-like plaques (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-07-04
    Description: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has become a public health issue because a recently evolved BSE agent has infected people, yielding an unusual form of Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (CJD). A new CJD agent that provokes similar amyloid plaques and cerebellar pathology was serially propagated. First-passage rats showed obvious clinical signs and activated microglia but had negligible PrP-res (the more protease-resistant form of host PrP) or cerebellar lesions. Microglia and astrocytes may participate in strain selection because the agent evolved, stabilized, and reproducibly provoked BSE-like disease in subsequent passages. Early vacuolar change involving activated microglia and astrocytes preceded significant PrP-res accumulation by more than 50 days. These studies reveal several inflammatory host reactions to an exogenous agent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manuelidis, L -- Fritch, W -- Xi, Y G -- NS12674/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS34569/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 4;277(5322):94-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Neuropathology, Yale Medical School, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. laura.manuelidis@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9204907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/analysis ; Animals ; Astrocytes/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Brain/*pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cerebellum/chemistry/pathology ; Clusterin ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/metabolism/*pathology ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform/metabolism/*pathology ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/genetics/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/analysis ; Inflammation ; Macrophages/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microglia/chemistry/*ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; *Molecular Chaperones ; PrPSc Proteins/*analysis/pathogenicity ; RNA/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors ; Ubiquitins/analysis ; Vacuoles/ultrastructure ; Virulence
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  • 89
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    Interactions between epithelial cells and bacteria, normal and pathogenic (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Umesaki, Y -- Okada, Y -- Imaoka, A -- Setoyama, H -- Matsumoto, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 9;276(5314):964-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9139662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteroides/physiology ; Enzyme Induction ; Fucosyltransferases/biosynthesis/metabolism ; G(M1) Ganglioside/biosynthesis ; Germ-Free Life ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/*physiology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/biosynthesis ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/immunology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Intestine, Small/cytology/immunology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Lymphocytes/cytology ; Mice ; Rats
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  • 90
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    Inhibition of hyperalgesia by ablation of lamina I spinal neurons expressing the substance P receptor (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-10
    Description: Substance P is released in the spinal cord in response to painful stimuli, but its role in nociceptive signaling remains unclear. When a conjugate of substance P and the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin was infused into the spinal cord, it was internalized and cytotoxic to lamina I spinal cord neurons that express the substance P receptor. This treatment left responses to mild noxious stimuli unchanged, but markedly attenuated responses to highly noxious stimuli and mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Thus, lamina I spinal cord neurons that express the substance P receptor play a pivotal role in the transmission of highly noxious stimuli and the maintenance of hyperalgesia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mantyh, P W -- Rogers, S D -- Honore, P -- Allen, B J -- Ghilardi, J R -- Li, J -- Daughters, R S -- Lappi, D A -- Wiley, R G -- Simone, D A -- MH56368/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS23970/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS31223/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 10;278(5336):275-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory (151), Veterans Administration Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA. manty001@maroon.tc.umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9323204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Capsaicin ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Hyperalgesia/physiopathology/*therapy ; *Immunotoxins ; Injections, Spinal ; *N-Glycosyl Hydrolases ; Neurons/cytology/*metabolism ; Pain/physiopathology ; *Pain Management ; Pain Measurement ; Plant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 ; Signal Transduction ; Spinal Cord/*cytology/metabolism ; Substance P/*metabolism/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-10
    Description: Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in grapes and other food products, was purified and shown to have cancer chemopreventive activity in assays representing three major stages of carcinogenesis. Resveratrol was found to act as an antioxidant and antimutagen and to induce phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (anti-initiation activity); it mediated anti-inflammatory effects and inhibited cyclooxygenase and hydroperoxidase functions (antipromotion activity); and it induced human promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation (antiprogression activity). In addition, it inhibited the development of preneoplastic lesions in carcinogen-treated mouse mammary glands in culture and inhibited tumorigenesis in a mouse skin cancer model. These data suggest that resveratrol, a common constituent of the human diet, merits investigation as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jang, M -- Cai, L -- Udeani, G O -- Slowing, K V -- Thomas, C F -- Beecher, C W -- Fong, H H -- Farnsworth, N R -- Kinghorn, A D -- Mehta, R G -- Moon, R C -- Pezzuto, J M -- P01 CA48112/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):218-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8985016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Anticarcinogenic Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Antimutagenic Agents/pharmacology ; Carcinogens ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Female ; Fruit/*chemistry ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced/prevention & control ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*prevention & control ; Peroxidases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Precancerous Conditions/prevention & control ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced/prevention & control ; Stilbenes/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Interdomain interactions underlying activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-06
    Description: Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels are multimeric proteins that activate in response to the binding of cyclic nucleotide to intracellular domains. Here, an intramolecular protein-protein interaction between the amino-terminal domain and the carboxyl-terminal ligand-binding domain of the rat olfactory CNG channel was shown to exert an autoexcitatory effect on channel activation. Calcium-calmodulin, which modulates CNG channel activity during odorant adaptation, blocked this interaction. A specific deletion within the amino-terminal domain disrupted the interdomain interaction in vitro and altered the gating properties and calmodulin sensitivity of expressed channels. Thus, the amino-terminal domain may promote channel opening by directly interacting with the carboxyl-terminal gating machinery; calmodulin regulates channel activity by targeting this interaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varnum, M D -- Zagotta, W N -- EY 10329/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY010329/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):110-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Box 357370, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9311913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Calmodulin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/metabolism ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    Elementary calcium-release units induced by inositol trisphosphate (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-13
    Description: The extent to which inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-induced calcium signals are localized is a critical parameter for understanding the mechanism of effector activation. The spatial characteristics of InsP3-mediated calcium signals were determined by targeting a dextran-based calcium indicator to intracellular membranes through the in situ addition of a geranylgeranyl lipid group. Elementary calcium-release events observed with this indicator typically lasted less than 33 milliseconds, had diameters less than 2 micrometers, and were uncoupled from each other by the calcium buffer EGTA. Cellwide calcium transients are likely to result from synchronized triggering of such local release events, suggesting that calcium-dependent effector proteins could be selectively activated by localization near sites of local calcium release.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horne, J H -- Meyer, T -- GM-51457/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01-HL-47053/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM-48113/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 13;276(5319):1690-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9180077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology ; Electroporation ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/*pharmacology ; Intracellular Membranes/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Organic Chemicals ; Peptides/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Requirement of NF-kappaB activation to suppress p53-independent apoptosis induced by oncogenic Ras (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997
    Description: The ras proto-oncogene is frequently mutated in human tumors and functions to chronically stimulate signal transduction cascades resulting in the synthesis or activation of specific transcription factors, including Ets, c-Myc, c-Jun, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). These Ras-responsive transcription factors are required for transformation, but the mechanisms by which these proteins facilitate oncogenesis have not been fully established. Oncogenic Ras was shown to initiate a p53-independent apoptotic response that was suppressed through the activation of NF-kappaB. These results provide an explanation for the requirement of NF-kappaB for Ras-mediated oncogenesis and provide evidence that Ras-transformed cells are susceptible to apoptosis even if they do not express the p53 tumor-suppressor gene product.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mayo, M W -- Wang, C Y -- Cogswell, P C -- Rogers-Graham, K S -- Lowe, S W -- Der, C J -- Baldwin, A S Jr -- CA13106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA52072/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA72771/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Dec 5;278(5344):1812-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9388187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Survival ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genes, p53 ; *Genes, ras ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Rats ; Transfection ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Putative cancer gene shows up in development instead (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roush, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):534-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9148413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/growth & development ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*metabolism ; Central Nervous System/abnormalities/embryology/*growth & development ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; *Genes, DCC ; Humans ; Mice ; Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Marijuana addiction (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGregor, I S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 8;277(5327):749-50; author reply 750-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9273693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety ; *Cannabis ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Dronabinol/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Nucleus Accumbens/*drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Reward ; *Substance-Related Disorders
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Heat shock protein linked to stroke protection (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 21;278(5342):1405.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/pathology/*prevention & control/therapy ; Corpus Striatum/pathology ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism/pathology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Regulation of neuronal survival by the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-31
    Description: A signaling pathway was delineated by which insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) promotes the survival of cerebellar neurons. IGF-1 activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) triggered the activation of two protein kinases, the serine-threonine kinase Akt and the p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70(S6K)). Experiments with pharmacological inhibitors, as well as expression of wild-type and dominant-inhibitory forms of Akt, demonstrated that Akt but not p70(S6K) mediates PI3-K-dependent survival. These findings suggest that in the developing nervous system, Akt is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dudek, H -- Datta, S R -- Franke, T F -- Birnbaum, M J -- Yao, R -- Cooper, G M -- Segal, R A -- Kaplan, D R -- Greenberg, M E -- DK39519/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA18689/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA43855/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 31;275(5300):661-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9005851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androstadienes/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Apoptosis/drug effects ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/cytology ; Chromones/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*pharmacology ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Neurons/*cytology/drug effects/enzymology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Rats ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection
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  • 99
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    Functional role of high-affinity anandamide transport, as revealed by selective inhibition (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-22
    Description: Anandamide, an endogenous ligand for central cannabinoid receptors, is released from neurons on depolarization and rapidly inactivated. Anandamide inactivation is not completely understood, but it may occur by transport into cells or by enzymatic hydrolysis. The compound N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)arachidonylamide (AM404) was shown to inhibit high-affinity anandamide accumulation in rat neurons and astrocytes in vitro, an indication that this accumulation resulted from carrier-mediated transport. Although AM404 did not activate cannabinoid receptors or inhibit anandamide hydrolysis, it enhanced receptor-mediated anandamide responses in vitro and in vivo. The data indicate that carrier-mediated transport may be essential for termination of the biological effects of anandamide, and may represent a potential drug target.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beltramo, M -- Stella, N -- Calignano, A -- Lin, S Y -- Makriyannis, A -- Piomelli, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 22;277(5329):1094-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Neurosciences Institute, 10640 J. J. Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9262477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics/pharmacology ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Astrocytes/drug effects/*metabolism ; Benzoxazines ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Bromcresol Green/pharmacology ; Cannabinoids/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Endocannabinoids ; Male ; Mice ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Naphthalenes/pharmacology ; Neurons/drug effects/*metabolism ; Piperidines/pharmacology ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; Receptors, Drug/agonists/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Differential ligand activation of estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta at AP1 sites (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-05
    Description: The transactivation properties of the two estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta, were examined with different ligands in the context of an estrogen response element and an AP1 element. ERalpha and ERbeta were shown to signal in opposite ways when complexed with the natural hormone estradiol from an AP1 site: with ERalpha, 17beta-estradiol activated transcription, whereas with ERbeta, 17beta-estradiol inhibited transcription. Moreover, the antiestrogens tamoxifen, raloxifene, and Imperial Chemical Industries 164384 were potent transcriptional activators with ERbeta at an AP1 site. Thus, the two ERs signal in different ways depending on ligand and response element. This suggests that ERalpha and ERbeta may play different roles in gene regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paech, K -- Webb, P -- Kuiper, G G -- Nilsson, S -- Gustafsson, J -- Kushner, P J -- Scanlan, T S -- GM 50672/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1508-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0446, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9278514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Diethylstilbestrol/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Estradiol/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Estrogen Antagonists/*pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Estrogens/*pharmacology ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Ligands ; Piperidines/metabolism/pharmacology ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; Raloxifene Hydrochloride ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; Tamoxifen/metabolism/pharmacology ; Transcription Factor AP-1/*genetics ; *Transcriptional Activation/drug effects ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Uterus/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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