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  • 1
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    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Publication Date: 2016-07-08
    Print ISSN: 0021-9606
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7690
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-07-27
    Description: The spatial distribution, mineralogy, and origin of manganese enrichments surrounding a large gas hydrate and cold seep field (Mississippi Canyon 118, Gulf of Mexico) are investigated in this study, to better constrain their biogeochemical context in deep-sea sediments and to assess how gas hydrates may alter such records. Manganese depth profiles from 10 sediment cores, documented using centimetre-scale X-ray fluorescence core scanning, display highly-enriched 1 to 10 cm thick layers. These manganese-rich layers are more numerous, but of lower concentration, in close proximity to the field, and show no consistent relationship to sedimentology (clay vs. carbonate content) or the established chronostratigraphic framework at the site. X-ray diffraction and sequential dissolution procedures indicate that the manganese enrichments are authigenic carbonates, which formed along a palaeo redox boundary during periods of prolonged steady-state conditions. The hypothesis that spatial heterogeneity of this manganese record is linked to the nearby gas hydrate and cold seep field, by influencing redox conditions and/or sedimentation processes, is investigated here. Results are consistent with more frequent interruption of steady-state sedimentation in closer proximity to the salt-tectonic induced bathymetric mound, which contains the active cold seeps and gas hydrate deposits. Thus, spatial mapping of manganese enrichment horizons provides a tool to reconstruct sedimentation surrounding these volatile sea bed features, yielding a measure of past activity of gas hydrates and cold seeps. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Electronic ISSN: 2055-4877
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-02-03
    Description: Author(s): S. Martens, J. Löber, and H. Engel Propagation of traveling fronts in a three-dimensional channel with spatially varying cross section is reduced to an equivalent one-dimensional reaction-diffusion-advection equation with boundary-induced advection term. Treating the advection term as a weak perturbation, an equation of motion for th... [Phys. Rev. E 91, 022902] Published Mon Feb 02, 2015
    Keywords: Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-06-01
    Description: Author(s): S. Martens, G. Schmid, L. Schimansky-Geier, and P. Hänggi Transport of point-size Brownian particles under the influence of a constant and uniform force field through a planar three-dimensional channel with smoothly varying, axis-symmetric periodic side walls is investigated. Here we employ an asymptotic analysis in the ratio between the difference of the ... [Phys. Rev. E 83, 051135] Published Tue May 31, 2011
    Keywords: Statistical physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-01-04
    Description: Author(s): P. K. Ghosh, P. Hänggi, F. Marchesoni, S. Martens, F. Nori, L. Schimansky-Geier, and G. Schmid [Phys. Rev. E 85, 011101] Published Tue Jan 03, 2012
    Keywords: Statistical physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
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    Oxford University Press
    Publication Date: 2013-11-29
    Description: Motivation: Tandem mass spectrometry provides the means to match mass spectrometry signal observations with the chemical entities that generated them. The technology produces signal spectra that contain information about the chemical dissociation pattern of a peptide that was forced to fragment using methods like collision-induced dissociation. The ability to predict these MS 2 signals and to understand this fragmentation process is important for sensitive high-throughput proteomics research. Results : We present a new tool called MS 2 PIP for predicting the intensity of the most important fragment ion signal peaks from a peptide sequence. MS 2 PIP pre-processes a large dataset with confident peptide-to-spectrum matches to facilitate data-driven model induction using a random forest regression learning algorithm. The intensity predictions of MS 2 PIP were evaluated on several independent evaluation sets and found to correlate significantly better with the observed fragment-ion intensities as compared with the current state-of-the-art PeptideART tool. Availability : MS 2 PIP code is available for both training and predicting at http://compomics.com/ . Contact: sven.degroeve@UGent.be Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Print ISSN: 1367-4803
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2059
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Medicine
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Forgetting is important. Without it, the relative importance of acquired memories in a changing environment is lost. We discovered that synaptotagmin-3 (Syt3) localizes to postsynaptic endocytic zones and removes AMPA receptors from synaptic plasma membranes in response to stimulation. AMPA receptor internalization, long-term depression (LTD), and decay of long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength required calcium-sensing by Syt3 and were abolished through Syt3 knockout. In spatial memory tasks, mice in which Syt3 was knocked out learned normally but exhibited a lack of forgetting. Disrupting Syt3:GluA2 binding in a wild-type background mimicked the lack of LTP decay and lack of forgetting, and these effects were occluded in the Syt3 knockout background. Our findings provide evidence for a molecular mechanism in which Syt3 internalizes AMPA receptors to depress synaptic strength and promote forgetting.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Forgetting is important. Without it, the relative importance of acquired memories in a changing environment is lost. We discovered that Synaptotagmin-3 (Syt3) localizes to post-synaptic endocytic zones and removes AMPA receptors from synaptic plasma membranes in response to stimulation. AMPA receptor internalization, long-term-depression (LTD), and decay of long-term-potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength required calcium-sensing by Syt3, and were abolished by Syt3 knockout. In spatial memory tasks Syt3 knockout mice learned normally, but exhibited a lack of forgetting. Disrupting Syt3:GluA2 binding in a wild-type background mimicked the lack of LTP decay and lack of forgetting, and these effects were occluded in the Syt3 knockout background. Our findings provide evidence for a molecular mechanism whereby Syt3 internalizes AMPA receptors to depress synaptic strength and promote forgetting.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-03-18
    Description: Hamilton’s original derivation of his rule for the spread of an altruistic gene ( rb 〉 c ) assumed additivity of costs and benefits. Recently, it has been argued that an exact version of the rule holds under non-additive pay-offs, so long as the cost and benefit terms are suitably defined, as partial regression coefficients. However, critics have questioned both the biological significance and the causal meaning of the resulting rule. This paper examines the causal meaning of the generalized Hamilton’s rule in a simple model, by computing the effect of a hypothetical experiment to assess the cost of a social action and comparing it to the partial regression definition. The two do not agree. A possible way of salvaging the causal meaning of Hamilton’s rule is explored, by appeal to R. A. Fisher’s ‘average effect of a gene substitution’.
    Keywords: evolution
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2007-05-05
    Description: Synaptic vesicles loaded with neurotransmitters are exocytosed in a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-dependent manner after presynaptic depolarization induces calcium ion (Ca2+) influx. The Ca2+ sensor required for fast fusion is synaptotagmin-1. The activation energy of bilayer-bilayer fusion is very high (approximately 40 k(B)T). We found that, in response to Ca2+ binding, synaptotagmin-1 could promote SNARE-mediated fusion by lowering this activation barrier by inducing high positive curvature in target membranes on C2-domain membrane insertion. Thus, synaptotagmin-1 triggers the fusion of docked vesicles by local Ca2+-dependent buckling of the plasma membrane together with the zippering of SNAREs. This mechanism may be widely used in membrane fusion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martens, Sascha -- Kozlov, Michael M -- McMahon, Harvey T -- MC_U105178795/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1205-8. Epub 2007 May 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, CB2 0QH Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17478680" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*physiology ; Cell Membrane/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Exocytosis/physiology ; Humans ; Liposomes ; Membrane Fusion ; Models, Biological ; Rats ; SNARE Proteins/*physiology ; Synaptic Vesicles/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Synaptotagmin I/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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