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  • Articles  (565)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (565)
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  • Articles  (565)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (565)
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  • 1
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    Sea urchin egg receptor for sperm: sequence similarity of binding domain and hsp70 (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-05
    Description: Fertilization depends on cell surface recognition proteins that interact and thereby mediate binding and subsequent fusion of the sperm and egg. Overlapping complementary DNA's encoding the egg plasma membrane receptor for sperm from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the deduced primary structure suggests that the receptor is a transmembrane protein with a short cytoplasmic domain. This domain showed no sequence similarity to known protein sequences. In contrast, the extracellular, sperm binding domain of the receptor did show sequence similarity to the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) family of proteins. Recombinant protein representing this portion of the receptor bound to the sperm protein, binding, and also inhibited fertilization in a species-specific manner; beads coated with the protein became specifically bound to acrosome-reacted sperm. These data provide a basis for detailed investigations of molecular interactions that occur in gamete recognition and egg activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foltz, K R -- Partin, J S -- Lennarz, W J -- HD18590/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 5;259(5100):1421-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8383878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Fertilization ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Ovum/physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Restriction Mapping ; Sea Urchins ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    How Varmus got the job (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 13;261(5123):821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8346431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: History, 20th Century ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Research ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Eastern Europe. Joining forces to probe environment-health links (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 2;261(5117):24-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8316853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Environmental Health ; *Environmental Pollution ; Europe, Eastern ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Role of intracellular calcium in NI-35-evoked collapse of neuronal growth cones (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-01
    Description: A myelin-associated protein from the central nervous system, the neurite growth inhibitor NI-35, inhibits regeneration of lesioned neuronal fiber tracts in vivo and growth of neurites in vitro. Growth cones of cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons arrested their growth and collapsed when exposed to liposomes containing NI-35. Before morphological changes, the concentration of free intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) showed a rapid and large increase in growth cones exposed to liposomes containing NI-35. Neither an increase in [Ca2+]i nor collapse of growth cones was detected in the presence of antibodies to NI-35. Dantrolene, an inhibitor of calcium release from caffeine-sensitive intracellular calcium stores, protected growth cones from collapse evoked by NI-35. Depletion of these caffeine-sensitive intracellular calcium stores prevented the increase in [Ca2+]i evoked by NI-35. The NI-35-evoked cascade of intracellular messengers that mediates collapse of growth cones includes the crucial step of calcium release from intracellular stores.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bandtlow, C E -- Schmidt, M F -- Hassinger, T D -- Schwab, M E -- Kater, S B -- NS24683/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS28323/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 1;259(5091):80-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8418499" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Drug Carriers ; Fura-2 ; Ganglia, Spinal/*physiology ; Growth Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Liposomes ; Nerve Fibers/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    IOM issues vaccine report (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 9;261(5118):156.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8327886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Industry ; Humans ; Patents as Topic ; Research ; United States ; *Vaccines
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Gene therapy approval process (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Royston, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 19;259(5102):1678-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8456290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Genetic Therapy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Transcription factor TFIIB sites important for interaction with promoter-bound TFIID (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-23
    Description: Transcription initiation factor TFIIB recruits RNA polymerase II to the promoter subsequent to interaction with a preformed TFIID-promoter complex. The domains of TFIIB required for binding to the TFIID-promoter complex and for transcription initiation have been determined. The carboxyl-terminal two-thirds of TFIIB, which contains two direct repeats and two basic residue repeats, is sufficient for interaction with the TFIID-promoter complex. An extra 84-residue amino-terminal region, with no obvious known structural motifs, is required for basal transcription activity. Basic residues within the second basic repeat of TFIIB are necessary for stable interaction with the TFIID-promoter complex, whereas the basic character of the first basic repeat is not. Functional roles of other potential structural motifs are discussed in light of the present study.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamashita, S -- Hisatake, K -- Kokubo, T -- Doi, K -- Roeder, R G -- Horikoshi, M -- Nakatani, Y -- AI27397/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA42567/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM45258/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 23;261(5120):463-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8332911" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Transcription Factor TFIIB ; Transcription Factor TFIID ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    National Institutes of Health. Strategic plan meets the bureaucracy (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 2;261(5117):23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8316851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Printing ; *Publishing ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Origin recognition complex (ORC) in transcriptional silencing and DNA replication in S. cerevisiae (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-17
    Description: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the HMR-E silencer blocks site-specific interactions between proteins and their recognition sequences in the vicinity of the silencer. Silencer function is correlated with the firing of an origin of replication at HMR-E. An essential gene with a role in transcriptional silencing was identified by means of a screen for mutations affecting expression of HMR. This gene, known as ORC2, was shown to encode a component of the origin recognition complex that binds yeast origins of replication. A temperature-sensitive mutation in ORC2 disrupted silencing in cells grown at the permissive temperature. At the restrictive temperature, the orc2-1 mutation caused cell cycle arrest at a point in the cell cycle indicative of blocks in DNA replication. The orc2-1 mutation also resulted in the enhanced mitotic loss of a plasmid, suggestive of a defect in replication. These results provide strong evidence for an in vivo role of ORC in both chromosomal replication and silencing, and provide a link between the mechanism of silencing and DNA replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foss, M -- McNally, F J -- Laurenson, P -- Rine, J -- GM31105/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30ES01896-12/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 17;262(5141):1838-44.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Cycle ; Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; *Genes, Fungal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Origin Recognition Complex ; Phenotype ; Plasmids ; *Replicon ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Science and the toxic tort (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Foster, K R -- Bernstein, D E -- Huber, P W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 17;261(5128):1509, 1614.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6392.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8372345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Industry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Expert Testimony/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Jurisprudence ; Societies, Scientific ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Rate and mechanism of nonhomologous recombination during a single cycle of retroviral replication (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-08
    Description: Oncogenes discovered in retroviruses such as Rous sarcoma virus were generated by transduction of cellular proto-oncogenes into the viral genome. Several different kinds of junctions between the viral and proto-oncogene sequences have been found in different viruses. A system of retrovirus vectors and a protocol that mimicked this transduction during a single cycle of retrovirus replication was developed. The transduction involved the formation of a chimeric viral-cellular RNA, strand switching of the reverse transcription growing point from an infectious retrovirus to the chimeric RNA, and often a subsequent deletion during the rest of viral DNA synthesis. A short region of sequence identity was frequently used for the strand switching. The rate of this process was about 0.1 to 1 percent of the rate of homologous retroviral recombination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, J -- Temin, H M -- CA-07175/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-22443/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 8;259(5092):234-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8421784" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Cinnamates ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Viral/chemistry/genetics ; Drug Resistance/genetics ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Vectors ; Hygromycin B/analogs & derivatives ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics ; Neomycin ; Plasmids ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Viral/analysis/genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retroviridae/*genetics/physiology ; Transfection ; *Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Mutations in the glucose-6-phosphatase gene that cause glycogen storage disease type 1a (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-10-22
    Description: Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 1a is caused by the deficiency of D-glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), the key enzyme in glucose homeostasis. Despite both a high incidence and morbidity, the molecular mechanisms underlying this deficiency have eluded characterization. In the present study, the molecular and biochemical characterization of the human G6Pase complementary DNA, its gene, and the expressed protein, which is indistinguishable from human microsomal G6Pase, are reported. Several mutations in the G6Pase gene of affected individuals that completely inactivate the enzyme have been identified. These results establish the molecular basis of this disease and open the way for future gene therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lei, K J -- Shelly, L L -- Pan, C J -- Sidbury, J B -- Chou, J Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 22;262(5133):580-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8211187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Exons ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase/*genetics/metabolism ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type I/enzymology/*genetics ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Liver/enzymology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Multidrug resistance-associated protein: sequence correction (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cole, S P -- Deeley, R G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 14;260(5110):879.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8098549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; P-Glycoprotein
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Deletion of the paired alpha 5(IV) and alpha 6(IV) collagen genes in inherited smooth muscle tumors (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: The gene encoding alpha 6(IV) collagen, COL4A6, was identified on the human X chromosome in a head-to-head arrangement and within 452 base pairs of the alpha 5(IV) collagen gene, COL4A5. In earlier studies, intragenic deletions of COL4A5 were detected in a subset of patients with Alport syndrome (AS), a hereditary defect of basement membranes. In some families, AS cosegregates with diffuse leiomyomatosis (DL), a benign smooth muscle tumor diathesis. Here it is shown that patients with AS-DL harbor deletions that disrupt both COL4A5 and COL4A6. Thus, type IV collagen may regulate smooth muscle differentiation and morphogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, J -- Mochizuki, T -- Smeets, H -- Antignac, C -- Laurila, P -- de Paepe, A -- Tryggvason, K -- Reeders, S T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1167-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536-0812.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8356449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Differentiation ; Collagen/chemistry/*genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Fetus/metabolism ; *Gene Deletion ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Leiomyoma/*genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Muscle, Smooth/cytology ; Mutation ; Nephritis, Hereditary/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Expression cloning and signaling properties of the rat glucagon receptor (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-12
    Description: Glucagon and the glucagon receptor are a primary source of control over blood glucose concentrations and are especially important to studies of diabetes in which the loss of control over blood glucose concentrations clinically defines the disease. A complementary DNA clone for the glucagon receptor was isolated by an expression cloning strategy, and the receptor protein was expressed in several kidney cell lines. The cloned receptor bound glucagon and caused an increase in the intracellular concentration of adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP). The cloned glucagon receptor also transduced a signal that led to an increased concentration of intracellular calcium. The glucagon receptor is similar to the calcitonin and parathyroid hormone receptors. It can transduce signals leading to the accumulation of two different second messengers, cAMP and calcium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jelinek, L J -- Lok, S -- Rosenberg, G B -- Smith, R A -- Grant, F J -- Biggs, S -- Bensch, P A -- Kuijper, J L -- Sheppard, P O -- Sprecher, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 12;259(5101):1614-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ZymoGenetics Inc., Seattle, WA 98105.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8384375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Glucagon/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Kidney ; Kinetics ; Liver/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Rats ; Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Receptors, Glucagon ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Formation of a molten globule intermediate early in the kinetic folding pathway of apomyoglobin (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-05
    Description: Hydrogen exchange pulse labeling and stopped-flow circular dichroism were used to establish that the structure of the earliest detectable intermediate formed during refolding of apomyoglobin corresponds closely to that of a previously characterized equilibrium molten globule. This compact, cooperatively folded intermediate was formed in less than 5 milliseconds and contained stable, hydrogen-bonded secondary structure localized in the A, G, and H helices and part of the B helix. The remainder of the B helix folded on a much slower time scale, followed by the C and E helices and the CD loop. The data indicate that a molten globule intermediate was formed on the kinetic folding pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jennings, P A -- Wright, P E -- DK-34909/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM14541/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR04953/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):892-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8235610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apoproteins/*chemistry ; Circular Dichroism ; Hydrogen/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Kinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Models, Molecular ; Myoglobin/*chemistry ; *Protein Conformation ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary
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  • 17
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    Dialkylglycine decarboxylase structure: bifunctional active site and alkali metal sites (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-06
    Description: The structure of the bifunctional, pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme dialkylglycine decarboxylase was determined to 2.1-angstrom resolution. Model building suggests that a single cleavage site catalyzes both decarboxylation and transamination by maximizing stereoelectronic advantages and providing electrostatic and general base catalysis. The enzyme contains two binding sites for alkali metal ions. One is located near the active site and accounts for the dependence of activity on potassium ions. The other is located at the carboxyl terminus of an alpha helix. These sites help show how proteins can specifically bind alkali metals and how these ions can exert functional effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toney, M D -- Hohenester, E -- Cowan, S W -- Jansonius, J N -- GM13854/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 6;261(5122):756-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, University of Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8342040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amination ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carboxy-Lyases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Computer Graphics ; Decarboxylation ; Metals, Alkali/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    Bernadine Healy bows out (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 5;259(5100):1388-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8451631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; Politics ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/organization & administration
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Inhibition of Rev-mediated HIV-1 expression by an RNA binding protein encoded by the interferon-inducible 9-27 gene (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-26
    Description: Interferon inhibits expression of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) through unknown mechanisms. A gene inducible by interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was isolated by screening of a human complementary DNA library for proteins binding to the Rev-responsive element (RRE) of HIV-1. The product of this gene, RBP9-27, was shown to bind RNA in vitro and to inhibit HIV-1 expression after transfection into human cells. RBP9-27 primarily inhibited Rev-dependent posttranscriptional steps of viral gene expression. Thus, RBP9-27 is a cellular factor that antagonizes Rev function. These results suggest an interferon-induced antiviral mechanism operating through the induction of RNA binding proteins such as RBP9-27. Elucidation of RBP9-27 function may lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of interferon action during HIV-1 infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Constantoulakis, P -- Campbell, M -- Felber, B K -- Nasioulas, G -- Afonina, E -- Pavlakis, G N -- N0-CO-74101/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 26;259(5099):1314-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7680491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Genes, env ; *Genes, rev ; HIV-1/*genetics ; Humans ; Interferons/pharmacology ; *Membrane Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 20
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    Disappearance of the lymphoid system in Bcl-2 homozygous mutant chimeric mice (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-17
    Description: The bcl-2 proto-oncogene can prevent the death of many cell types. Mice were generated that were chimeric for the homozygous inactivation of bcl-2. Lymphocytes without Bcl-2 differentiated into phenotypically mature cells. However, in vitro, the mature T cells that lacked Bcl-2 had shorter life-spans and increased sensitivity to glucocorticoids and gamma-irradiation. In contrast, stimulation of CD3 inhibited the death of these cells. T and B cells with no Bcl-2 disappeared from the bone marrow, thymus, and periphery by 4 weeks of age. Thus, Bcl-2 was dispensable for lymphocyte maturation, but was required for a stable immune system after birth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakayama, K -- Negishi, I -- Kuida, K -- Shinkai, Y -- Louie, M C -- Fields, L E -- Lucas, P J -- Stewart, V -- Alt, F W -- AI 15322/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 17;261(5128):1584-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8372353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD3/immunology ; Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; Bone Marrow/immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Line ; Chimera ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology
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  • 21
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    HHS fumbles ball on AIDS vaccine trial (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 9;261(5118):151.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8327883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*therapeutic use ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Financing, Government ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services ; Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
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  • 22
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    A 'Manhattan project' for AIDS? (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 19;259(5098):1112-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8438161" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/economics ; *Hiv ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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  • 23
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    Microbial competition: Escherichia coli mutants that take over stationary phase cultures (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-19
    Description: Many microorganisms, including Escherichia coli, can survive extended periods of starvation. The properties of cells that survived prolonged incubation in stationary phase were studied by mixture of 10-day-old (aged) cultures with 1-day-old (young) cultures of the same strain of Escherichia coli. Mutants from the aged cultures that could grow eventually took over the population, which resulted in the death of the cells from the young cultures. This phenotype was conferred by mutations in rpoS, which encodes a putative stationary phase-specific sigma factor. These rapid population shifts have implications for the studies of microbial evolution and ecology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zambrano, M M -- Siegele, D A -- Almiron, M -- Tormo, A -- Kolter, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 19;259(5102):1757-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7681219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acridine Orange ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli/*genetics/*growth & development/physiology ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Peroxidase/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Sigma Factor/chemistry/*genetics ; Staining and Labeling ; Time Factors
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  • 24
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    Induction of G alpha i2-specific antisense RNA in vivo inhibits neonatal growth (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-14
    Description: Guanosine triphosphate-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) are key elements in transmembrane signaling and have been implicated as regulators of more complex biological processes such as differentiation and development. The G protein G alpha i2 is capable of mediating the inhibitory control of adenylylcyclase and regulates stem cell differentiation to primitive endoderm. Here an antisense RNA to G alpha i2 was expressed in a hybrid RNA construct whose expression was both tissue-specific and induced at birth. Transgenic mice in which the antisense construct was expressed displayed a lack of normal development in targeted organs that correlated with the absence of G alpha i2. The loss of G alpha i2 expression in adipose tissue of the transgenic mice was correlated with a rise in basal levels of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and the loss of receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylylcyclase. These data expand our understanding of G protein function in vivo and demonstrate the necessity for G alpha i2 in the development of liver and fat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moxham, C M -- Hod, Y -- Malbon, C C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 14;260(5110):991-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY)/Stony Brook 11794-8651.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493537" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*growth & development/metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/growth & development ; Base Sequence ; Body Weight ; GTP-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology ; Growth/drug effects/*physiology ; Kidney/growth & development/metabolism ; Liver/*growth & development/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)/genetics ; RNA, Antisense/*genetics ; Transfection
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  • 25
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    Shutdown of class switch recombination by deletion of a switch region control element (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-12
    Description: Upon activation, B lymphocytes can change the class of the antibody they express by immunoglobulin class switch recombination. Cytokines can direct this recombination to distinct classes by the specific activation of repetitive recombinogenic DNA sequences, the switch regions. Recombination to a particular switch region (s gamma 1) was abolished in mice that were altered to lack sequences that are 5' to the s gamma 1 region. This result directly implicates the functional importance of 5' switch region flanking sequences in the control of class switch recombination. Mutant mice exhibit a selective agammaglobulinemia and may be useful in the assessment of the biological importance of immunoglobulin G1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jung, S -- Rajewsky, K -- Radbruch, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 12;259(5097):984-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8438159" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chimera ; Drug Resistance/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian ; *Gene Deletion ; Immunoglobulin G/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; Immunoglobulin Switch Region/*genetics ; Interleukin-4/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Neomycin ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Stem Cells
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  • 26
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    Agencies spar over vaccine trial (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 5;259(5096):752-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8430324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/economics/*therapeutic use ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/economics/immunology/*therapy ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Government Agencies ; HIV Infections/economics/immunology/*therapy ; Humans ; Military Medicine ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 27
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    Uncovering of functional alternative CTLA-4 counter-receptor in B7-deficient mice (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-05
    Description: B7 delivers a costimulatory signal through CD28, resulting in interleukin-2 secretion and T cell proliferation. Blockade of this pathway results in T cell anergy. The in vivo role of B7 was evaluated with B7-deficient mice. These mice had a 70 percent decrease in costimulation of the response to alloantigen. Despite lacking B7 expression, activated B cells from these mice bound CTLA-4 and GL1 monoclonal antibody, demonstrating that alternative CTLA-4 ligand or ligands exist. These receptors are functionally important because the residual allogenic mixed lymphocyte responses were blocked by CTLA4Ig. Characterization of these CTLA-4 ligands should lead to strategies for manipulating the immune response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, G J -- Borriello, F -- Hodes, R J -- Reiser, H -- Hathcock, K S -- Laszlo, G -- McKnight, A J -- Kim, J -- Du, L -- Lombard, D B -- CA 40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):907-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7694362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD80/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation/immunology/*metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Line ; *Immunoconjugates ; Interleukin-2/secretion ; Isoantigens/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Transfection
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  • 28
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    Cloning of B7-2: a CTLA-4 counter-receptor that costimulates human T cell proliferation (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-05
    Description: Although presentation of antigen to the T cell receptor is necessary for the initiation of an immune response, additional molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells deliver essential costimulatory signals. T cell activation, in the absence of costimulation, results in T cell anergy. The B7-1 protein is a costimulator molecule that regulates interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion by signaling through the pathway that uses CD28 and CTLA-4 (hereafter referred to as the CD28 pathway). We have cloned a counter-receptor of CD28 and CTLA-4, termed B7-2. Although only 26 percent identical to B7-1, B7-2 also costimulates IL-2 production and T cell proliferation. Unlike B7-1, B7-2 messenger RNA is constitutively expressed in unstimulated B cells. It is likely that B7-2 provides a critical early costimulatory signal determining if the T cell will contribute to an immune response or become anergic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, G J -- Gribben, J G -- Boussiotis, V A -- Ng, J W -- Restivo, V A Jr -- Lombard, L A -- Gray, G S -- Nadler, L M -- CA 40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7694363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD80/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; Antigens, Differentiation/*metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 29
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    Convergent regulation of sodium channels by protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-10
    Description: The function of voltage-gated sodium channels that are responsible for action potential generation in mammalian brain neurons is modulated by phosphorylation by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (cA-PK) and by protein kinase C (PKC). Reduction of peak sodium currents by cA-PK in intact cells required concurrent activation of PKC and was prevented by blocking phosphorylation of serine 1506, a site in the inactivation gate of the channel that is phosphorylated by PKC but not by cA-PK. Replacement of serine 1506 with negatively charged amino acids mimicked the effect of phosphorylation. Conversion of the consensus sequence surrounding serine 1506 to one more favorable for cA-PK enhanced modulation of sodium currents by cA-PK. Convergent modulation of sodium channels required phosphorylation of serine 1506 by PKC accompanied by phosphorylation of additional sites by cA-PK. This regulatory mechanism may serve to integrate neuronal signals mediated through these parallel signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, M -- West, J W -- Numann, R -- Murphy, B J -- Scheuer, T -- Catterall, W A -- R01-NS15751/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32-GM07270/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 10;261(5127):1439-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8396273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Consensus Sequence ; Cricetinae ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/*metabolism
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    HHS: Gallo guilty of misconduct (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 8;259(5092):168-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8380653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; *Biomedical Research ; Federal Government ; *Government Regulation ; *HIV/growth & development/isolation & purification ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *Scientific Misconduct ; United States ; United States Office of Research Integrity ; Virus Cultivation
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  • 31
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    NIH funding mechanisms need little defense (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lichtenstein, L M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 2;261(5117):17, 113.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Francis Scott Key Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8316846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; Training Support ; United States
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    The NIH Intramural Program (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-10-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 22;262(5133):489-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8280269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/organization & administration ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Isolation of new ribozymes from a large pool of random sequences [see comment] (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-10
    Description: An iterative in vitro selection procedure was used to isolate a new class of catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) from a large pool of random-sequence RNA molecules. These ribozymes ligate two RNA molecules that are aligned on a template by catalyzing the attack of a 3'-hydroxyl on an adjacent 5'-triphosphate--a reaction similar to that employed by the familiar protein enzymes that synthesize RNA. The corresponding uncatalyzed reaction also yields a 3',5'-phosphodiester bond. In vitro evolution of the population of new ribozymes led to improvement of the average ligation activity and the emergence of ribozymes with reaction rates 7 million times faster than the uncatalyzed reaction rate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartel, D P -- Szostak, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 10;261(5127):1411-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7690155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Catalysis ; Kinetics ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligoribonucleotides/metabolism ; RNA/*metabolism ; RNA Ligase (ATP)/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/chemistry/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Temperature ; Templates, Genetic
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    Structure of the thiamine- and flavin-dependent enzyme pyruvate oxidase (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-12
    Description: Pyruvate oxidase from Lactobacillus plantarum is a tetrameric enzyme that decarboxylates pyruvate, producing hydrogen peroxide and the energy-storage metabolite acetylphosphate. Structure determination at 2.1 angstroms showed that the cofactors thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are bound at the carboxyl termini of six-stranded parallel beta sheets. The pyrophosphate moiety of TPP is bound to a metal ion and to a beta alpha alpha beta unit corresponding to an established sequence fingerprint. The spatial arrangement of TPP and FAD suggests that the oxidation of the oxyethyl intermediate does not occur by hydride displacement but rather by a two-step transfer of two electrons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Muller, Y A -- Schulz, G E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 12;259(5097):965-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat, Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8438155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallization ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Lactobacillus/*enzymology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Pyruvate Oxidase/*chemistry/metabolism ; Thiamine Pyrophosphate/metabolism/*pharmacology ; X-Ray Diffraction
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    National Institutes of Health. Gene therapists jump ship (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 15;259(5093):303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8419999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Genetic Therapy/history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/history ; *Research/history ; United States
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    AI helps researchers find meaning in molecules (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freedman, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 13;261(5123):844-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8346437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Base Sequence ; Collagen/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; DNA/chemistry/genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Software
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    Nucleosome disruption by transcription factor binding in yeast (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-03
    Description: Studies in vivo and in vitro have shown that the packaging of DNA into chromatin can affect gene expression. Here, binding of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 to DNA in chromatin has been investigated in vivo with a yeast episome. A positioned nucleosome that is present in cells grown in glucose and contains a single GAL4 binding site is disrupted by GAL4 binding in galactose. GAL4 can also bind to DNA in chromatin when the carboxyl-terminal activation domain of GAL4 is either masked by GAL80 or is absent. These results show that a transcription factor can bind to its site in vivo in what would appear to be a repressive chromatin structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morse, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 3;262(5139):1563-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8248805" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/*metabolism ; Galactose/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism
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    Human genome program. Healy and Collins strike a deal (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 1;259(5091):22-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8418490" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Government Agencies ; Human Genome Project/*organization & administration ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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    Long-range photoinduced electron transfer through a DNA helix (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-12
    Description: Rapid photoinduced electron transfer is demonstrated over a distance of greater than 40 angstroms between metallointercalators that are tethered to the 5' termini of a 15-base pair DNA duplex. An oligomeric assembly was synthesized in which the donor is Ru(phen)2dppz2+ (phen, phenanthroline, and dppz, dipyridophenazine) and the acceptor is Rh(phi)2phen3+ (phi, phenanthrenequinone diimine). These metal complexes are intercalated either one or two base steps in from the helix termini. Although the ruthenium-modified oligonucleotide hybridized to an unmodified complement luminesces intensely, the ruthenium-modified oligomer hybridized to the rhodium-modified oligomer shows no detectable luminescence. Time-resolved studies point to a lower limit of 10(9) per second for the quenching rate. No quenching was observed upon metallation of two complementary octamers by Ru(phen)3(2+) and Rh(phen)3(3+) under conditions where the phen complexes do not intercalate. The stacked aromatic heterocycles of the DNA duplex therefore serve as an efficient medium for coupling electron donors and acceptors over very long distances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, C J -- Arkin, M R -- Jenkins, Y -- Ghatlia, N D -- Bossmann, S H -- Turro, N J -- Barton, J K -- GM49216/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 12;262(5136):1025-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7802858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; DNA/*chemistry ; *Electrons ; Intercalating Agents/*chemistry ; Lasers ; Luminescence ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/*chemistry ; Organometallic Compounds/chemistry ; Phenanthrenes/chemistry ; Phenanthrolines/chemistry ; Photochemistry
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    A detailed genetic map for the X chromosome of the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-30
    Description: Anopheles gambiae, the primary vector of human malaria in Africa, is responsible for approximately a million deaths per year, mostly of children. Despite its significance in disease transmission, this mosquito has not been studied extensively by genetic or molecular techniques. To facilitate studies on this vector, a genetic map has been developed that covers the X chromosome at an average resolution of 2 centimorgans. This map has been integrated with the chromosome banding pattern and used to localize a recessive, sex-linked mutation (white eye) to within 1 centimorgan of flanking markers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zheng, L -- Collins, F H -- Kumar, V -- Kafatos, F C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 30;261(5121):605-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8342025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Anopheles/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Banding ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Satellite/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Markers ; Insect Vectors/*genetics ; Malaria/transmission ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; *X Chromosome
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    A new five-year plan for the U.S. Human Genome Project (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, F -- Galas, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 1;262(5130):43-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Human Genome Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8211127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Chromosome Mapping ; Ethics, Medical ; Federal Government ; Financing, Government ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Techniques ; Government Agencies ; *Human Genome Project/economics/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Industry ; International Cooperation ; Internationality ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; United States
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    What is misconduct in science? (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schachman, H K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 9;261(5118):148-9, 183.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8305005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; Federal Government ; Government Regulation ; Plagiarism ; Professional Misconduct ; *Scientific Misconduct ; United States
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    Generation of allospecific natural killer cells by stimulation across a polymorphism of HLA-C (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-21
    Description: The cytotoxicity of human natural killer (NK) cells is modulated by the major histocompatibility complex human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C molecules on the surface of the target cell. Alloreactive NK cells specific for the NK-1 alloantigen could be reproducibly generated from individuals that were homozygous for HLA-C with asparagine at residue 77 and lysine at residue 80 [HLA-C(Asn77,Lys80)] by stimulation with target cells that were homozygous for HLA-C(Ser77,Asn80); the reciprocal stimulation yielded NK cells specific for the NK-2 alloantigen. However, neither homozygous target cell stimulated the generation of alloreactive NK cells from heterozygous individuals. Thus, these data reveal an unanticipated difference between human NK alloreactivity defined by this system and murine "hybrid resistance."〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Colonna, M -- Brooks, E G -- Falco, M -- Ferrara, G B -- Strominger, J L -- CA 47554/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- KO8 AI01064/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 21;260(5111):1121-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Genotype ; HLA-C Antigens/genetics/*immunology ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Isoantigens/*immunology ; Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Polymorphism, Genetic
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    Systemic gene expression after intravenous DNA delivery into adult mice (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-07-09
    Description: Direct gene transfer into adult animals resulting in generalized or tissue-specific expression would facilitate rapid analysis of transgene effects and allow precise in vivo manipulation of biologic processes at the molecular level. A single intravenous injection of expression plasmid:cationic liposome complexes into adult mice efficiently transfected virtually all tissues. In addition to vascular endothelial cells, most of the extravascular parenchymal cells present in many tissues including the lung, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow expressed the transgene without any apparent treatment-related toxicity. The transgene was still expressed in large numbers of cells in multiple tissues for at least 9 weeks after a single injection. Expression could be targeted to specific tissues and cell types, depending on the promoter element used.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, N -- Liggitt, D -- Liu, Y -- Debs, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 9;261(5118):209-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0128.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7687073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bone Marrow/metabolism ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; Cystic Fibrosis/genetics ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Injections, Intravenous ; Liposomes ; Liver/metabolism ; Lung/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/chemistry ; Plasmids ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; *Transfection
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    Mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, receptors and response elements (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Funder, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 19;259(5098):1132-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8382375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glucocorticoids/*physiology ; Mineralocorticoids/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*metabolism ; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid ; Receptors, Steroid/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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    The NIH Intramural Program (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-10-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schechter, A N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 22;262(5133):489-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8211166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/organization & administration ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
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    Binding of L-selectin to the vascular sialomucin CD34 (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-10-15
    Description: The adhesive interactions between leukocyte L-selectin and the endothelium are involved in the migration of lymphocytes through peripheral lymph nodes and of neutrophils to sites of inflammation. A recombinant L-selectin stains high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes and recognizes sulfated carbohydrates found on two endothelial glycoproteins, Sgp50 and Sgp90. Amino acid sequencing of purified Sgp90 revealed a protein core identical to that CD34, a sialomucin expressed on hematopoietic stem cells and endothelium. A polyclonal antiserum to recombinant murine CD34 stains peripheral lymph node endothelium and recognizes Sgp90 that is functionally bound by L-selectin. Thus, an HEV glycoform of CD34 can function as a ligand for L-selectin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baumheter, S -- Singer, M S -- Henzel, W -- Hemmerich, S -- Renz, M -- Rosen, S D -- Lasky, L A -- GM 23547/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 15;262(5132):436-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7692600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD34 ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*metabolism ; Clusterin ; Endothelium, Vascular/*metabolism ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; L-Selectin ; Lymph Nodes/*blood supply ; Mice ; *Molecular Chaperones ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mucins/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sialomucins
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    Modal shifts in acetylcholine receptor channel gating confer subunit-dependent desensitization (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-06-18
    Description: During the transition from embryonic to adult skeletal muscle, a decreased mean channel open time and accelerated desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors result from the substitution of an epsilon subunit for gamma. A single ACh receptor channel of the embryonic type, expressed in Xenopus oocytes, interconverts between gating modes of short and long open time, whereas the adult receptor channel resides almost exclusively in the gating mode with short open time. Differences in the fraction of time spent in either gating mode account for the subunit dependence of both receptor open time and desensitization. Therefore, developmental changes in the kinetics of muscle ACh receptors may be imparted through subunit-dependent stabilization of intrinsic gating modes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naranjo, D -- Brehm, P -- NS18205/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jun 18;260(5115):1811-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8511590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Kinetics ; Oocytes ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*metabolism ; Xenopus
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    Distinct functions of SR proteins in alternative pre-mRNA splicing (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-09
    Description: Alternative splicing of precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs) is a common mechanism of regulating gene expression. SR proteins are a family of pre-mRNA splicing factors that are structurally related and evolutionarily conserved. Any member of the SR family can complement a splicing-deficient extract that lacks the entire family of SR proteins. Here it is demonstrated that particular SR proteins have distinct functions in alternative pre-mRNA splicing in vitro. In addition, SR proteins are differentially expressed in a variety of tissues. These results suggest a fundamental role for SR proteins in the regulation of alternative splicing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zahler, A M -- Neugebauer, K M -- Lane, W S -- Roth, M B -- 42786-02/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 9;260(5105):219-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8385799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Extracts ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA Precursors/*genetics ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*physiology ; Simian virus 40/genetics
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    Mutation of glycine receptor subunit creates beta-alanine receptor responsive to GABA (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-10-08
    Description: The amino acid at position 160 of the ligand-binding subunit, alpha 1, is an important determinant of agonist and antagonist binding to the glycine receptor. Exchange of the neighboring residues, phenylalanine at position 159 and tyrosine at position 161, increased the efficacy of amino acid agonists. Whereas wild-type alpha 1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes required 0.7 millimolar beta-alanine for a half-maximal response, the doubly mutated (F159Y,Y161F) alpha 1 subunit had an affinity for beta-alanine (which was more potent than glycine) that was 110-fold that of the wild type. Also, gamma-aminobutyric acid and D-serine, amino acids that do not activate wild-type alpha 1 receptors, efficiently gated the mutant channel. Thus, aromatic hydroxyl groups are crucial for ligand discrimination at inhibitory amino acid receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schmieden, V -- Kuhse, J -- Betz, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 8;262(5131):256-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8211147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Female ; Glycine/metabolism ; Ion Channel Gating/drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oocytes ; Receptors, GABA/chemistry/metabolism ; Receptors, Glycine/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Serine/pharmacology ; Taurine/pharmacology ; Xenopus ; beta-Alanine/*metabolism/pharmacology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology
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    Selective and ATP-dependent translocation of peptides by the MHC-encoded transporter (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-06
    Description: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules present peptides derived from nuclear and cytosolic proteins to CD8+ T cells. These peptides are translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to associate with class I molecules. Two MHC-encoded putative transporter proteins, TAP1 and TAP2, are required for efficient assembly of class I molecules and presentation of endogenous peptides. Expression of TAP1 and TAP2 in a mutant cell line resulted in the delivery of an 11-amino acid oligomer model peptide to the ER. Peptide translocation depended on the sequence of the peptide, was adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent, required ATP hydrolysis, and was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neefjes, J J -- Momburg, F -- Hammerling, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 6;261(5122):769-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8342042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; Rats ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 52
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    Structure of DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment bound to duplex DNA (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-16
    Description: Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, which was cocrystallized with duplex DNA, positioned 11 base pairs of DNA in a groove that lies at right angles to the cleft that contains the polymerase active site and is adjacent to the 3' to 5' exonuclease domain. When the fragment bound DNA, a region previously referred to as the "disordered domain" became more ordered and moved along with two helices toward the 3' to 5' exonuclease domain to form the binding groove. A single-stranded, 3' extension of three nucleotides bound to the 3' to 5' exonuclease active site. Although this cocrystal structure appears to be an editing complex, it suggests that the primer strand approaches the catalytic site of the polymerase from the direction of the 3' to 5' exonuclease domain and that the duplex DNA product may bend to enter the cleft that contains the polymerase catalytic site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beese, L S -- Derbyshire, V -- Steitz, T A -- GM28550/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 16;260(5106):352-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8469987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; DNA/chemistry/*metabolism ; DNA Polymerase I/*chemistry/metabolism ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Single-Stranded/chemistry/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Templates, Genetic
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    Cloning the differences between two complex genomes (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-02-12
    Description: The analysis of the differences between two complex genomes holds promise for the discovery of infectious agents and probes useful for genetic studies. A system was developed in which subtractive and kinetic enrichment was used to purify restriction endonuclease fragments present in one population of DNA fragments but not in another. Application of this method to DNA populations of reduced complexity ("representations") resulted in the isolation of probes to viral genomes present as single copies in human DNA, and probes that detect polymorphisms between two individuals. In principle, this system, called representational difference analysis (RDA), may also be used for isolating probes linked to sites of genomic rearrangements, whether occurring spontaneously and resulting in genetic disorders or cancer, or programmed during differentiation and development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lisitsyn, N -- Wigler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 12;259(5097):946-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, NY 11724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8438152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics ; Bacteriophage lambda/genetics ; Base Sequence ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*chemistry ; DNA Probes ; DNA, Viral ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    White House wins an AIDS czarina (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-07-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jul 9;261(5118):158.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8327888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; *Health Policy ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Research ; United States
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  • 55
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    AIDS research. Reorganization plan draws fire at NIH (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-02-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 5;259(5096):753-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8430325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/economics ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Politics ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
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  • 56
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    Fusion between transcription factor CBF beta/PEBP2 beta and a myosin heavy chain in acute myeloid leukemia (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-20
    Description: The pericentric inversion of chromosome 16 [inv(16)(p13q22)] is a characteristic karyotypic abnormality associated with acute myeloid leukemia, most commonly of the M4Eo subtype. The 16p and 16q breakpoints were pinpointed by yeast artificial chromosome and cosmid cloning, and the two genes involved in this inversion were identified. On 16q the inversion occurred near the end of the coding region for CBF beta, also known as PEBP2 beta, a subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor regulating genes expressed in T cells; on 16p a smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) gene (MYH11) was interrupted. In six of six inv(16) patient samples tested, an in-frame fusion messenger RNA was demonstrated that connected the first 165 amino acids of CBF beta with the tail region of SMMHC. The repeated coiled coil of SMMHC may result in dimerization of the CBF beta fusion protein, which in turn would lead to alterations in transcriptional regulation and contribute to leukemic transformation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, P -- Tarle, S A -- Hajra, A -- Claxton, D F -- Marlton, P -- Freedman, M -- Siciliano, M J -- Collins, F S -- CA55164/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 20;261(5124):1041-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8351518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; *Chromosome Inversion ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit ; Core Binding Factor beta Subunit ; Core Binding Factors ; Cosmids ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle, Smooth/chemistry ; Myosins/*genetics ; *Neoplasm Proteins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Multimerization ; Restriction Mapping ; Transcription Factor AP-2 ; Transcription Factors/*genetics
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    Benzodiazepine peptidomimetics: potent inhibitors of Ras farnesylation in animal cells (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-06-25
    Description: Oncogenic Ras proteins transform animal cells to a malignant phenotype only when modified by farnesyl residues attached to cysteines near their carboxyl termini. The farnesyltransferase that catalyzes this reaction recognizes tetrapeptides of the sequence CAAX, where C is cysteine, A is an aliphatic amino acid, and X is a carboxyl-terminal methionine or serine. Replacement of the two aliphatic residues with a benzodiazepine-based mimic of a peptide turn generated potent inhibitors of farnesyltransferase [50 percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) 〈 1 nM]. Unlike tetrapeptides, the benzodiazepine peptidomimetics enter cells and block attachment of farnesyl to Ras, nuclear lamins, and several other proteins. At micromolar concentrations, these inhibitors restored a normal growth pattern to Ras-transformed cells. The benzodiazepine peptidomimetics may be useful in the design of treatments for tumors in which oncogenic Ras proteins contribute to abnormal growth, such as that of the colon, lung, and pancreas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉James, G L -- Goldstein, J L -- Brown, M S -- Rawson, T E -- Somers, T C -- McDowell, R S -- Crowley, C W -- Lucas, B K -- Levinson, A D -- Marsters, J C Jr -- HL 20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jun 25;260(5116):1937-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8316834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alkyl and Aryl Transferases ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Benzodiazepinones/chemistry/*pharmacology ; CHO Cells ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Cricetinae ; Drug Design ; Farnesyltranstransferase ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligopeptides/pharmacology ; Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Protein Prenylation/*drug effects ; Transferases/*antagonists & inhibitors
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    Isolation of ORC6, a component of the yeast origin recognition complex by a one-hybrid system (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-12-17
    Description: Here a method is described to identify genes encoding proteins that recognize a specific DNA sequence. A bank of random protein segments tagged with a transcriptional activation domain is screened for proteins that can activate a reporter gene containing the sequence in its promoter. This strategy was used to identify an essential protein that interacts in vivo with the yeast origin of DNA replication. Matches between its predicted amino acid sequence and peptide sequence obtained from the 50-kilodalton subunit of the yeast origin recognition complex (ORC) established that the gene isolated here, ORC6, encodes this subunit. These observations provide evidence that ORC recognizes yeast replication origins in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, J J -- Herskowitz, I -- AI18738/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 17;262(5141):1870-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266075" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Fungal/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; *Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Reporter ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Origin Recognition Complex ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *Replicon ; Repressor Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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  • 59
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    Electrostatic screening of charge and dipole interactions with the helix backbone (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-04-09
    Description: Electrostatic interactions in proteins are potentially quite strong, but these interactions are mitigated by the screening effects of water, ions, and nearby protein atoms. The early work of Kirkwood and Westheimer on small organic molecules showed that the extent of the screening may depend on whether charged or dipolar groups are involved. The dielectric and ionic screening of the interactions between the dipolar backbone amide groups of monomeric alpha helices and either (i) solvent-exposed charges or (ii) solvent-exposed dipoles at the amino terminus was measured. The dielectric screening effects are an order of magnitude greater for the backbone-charge interactions than for the backbone-dipole interactions, and the ionic strength dependence is substantially different in the two cases. These results suggest that interactions that involve the dipolar groups of proteins may be relatively more important for stability and function than is generally thought.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lockhart, D J -- Kim, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 9;260(5105):198-202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Center 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8469972" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Circular Dichroism ; Electrochemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Osmolar Concentration ; Peptides/*chemistry ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Thermodynamics
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    Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase encoded by yeast VPS34 gene essential for protein sorting (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-04-02
    Description: The VPS34 gene product (Vps34p) is required for protein sorting to the lysosome-like vacuole of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Vps34p shares significant sequence similarity with the catalytic subunit of bovine phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase [the 110-kilodalton (p110) subunit of PI 3-kinase], which is known to interact with activated cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases. Yeast strains deleted for the VPS34 gene or carrying vps34 point mutations lacked detectable PI 3-kinase activity and exhibited severe defects in vacuolar protein sorting. Overexpression of Vps34p resulted in an increase in PI 3-kinase activity, and this activity was specifically precipitated with antisera to Vps34p. VPS34 encodes a yeast PI 3-kinase, and this enzyme appears to regulate intracellular protein trafficking decisions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schu, P V -- Takegawa, K -- Fry, M J -- Stack, J H -- Waterfield, M D -- Emr, S D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 2;260(5104):88-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8385367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/enzymology ; Cattle ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Fungal Proteins/*metabolism ; Gene Deletion ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Fungal ; Lysosomes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphotransferases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Vacuoles/metabolism
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    Genetic identification of a hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-11-05
    Description: A mysterious respiratory illness with high mortality was recently reported in the southwestern United States. Serologic studies implicated the hantaviruses, rodent-borne RNA viruses usually associated elsewhere in the world with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. A genetic detection assay amplified hantavirus-specific DNA fragments from RNA extracted from the tissues of patients and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) caught at or near patient residences. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the associated virus to be a new hantavirus and provided a direct genetic link between infection in patients and rodents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nichol, S T -- Spiropoulou, C F -- Morzunov, S -- Rollin, P E -- Ksiazek, T G -- Feldmann, H -- Sanchez, A -- Childs, J -- Zaki, S -- Peters, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):914-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8235615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Bunyaviridae Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology/veterinary ; DNA Primers ; *Disease Outbreaks ; *Disease Reservoirs ; *Genome, Viral ; Hantavirus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/epidemiology/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peromyscus/*microbiology ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rodent Diseases/epidemiology/microbiology ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Southwestern United States/epidemiology
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    A third recognition element in bacterial promoters: DNA binding by the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-26
    Description: A DNA sequence rich in (A+T), located upstream of the -10, -35 region of the Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA promoter rrnB P1 and called the UP element, stimulates transcription by a factor of 30 in vivo, as well as in vitro in the absence of protein factors other than RNA polymerase (RNAP). When fused to other promoters, such as lacUV5, the UP element also stimulates transcription, indicating that it is a separate promoter module. Mutations in the carboxyl-terminal region of the alpha subunit of RNAP prevent stimulation of these promoters by the UP element although the mutant enzymes are effective in transcribing the "core" promoters (those lacking the UP element). Protection of UP element DNA by the mutant RNAPs is severely reduced in footprinting experiments, suggesting that the selective decrease in transcription might result from defective interactions between alpha and the UP element. Purified alpha binds specifically to the UP element, confirming that alpha acts directly in promoter recognition. Transcription of three other promoters was also reduced by the COOH-terminal alpha mutations. These results suggest that UP elements comprise a third promoter recognition region (in addition to the -10, -35 recognition hexamers, which interact with the sigma subunit) and may account for the presence of (A+T)-rich DNA upstream of many prokaryotic promoters. Since the same alpha mutations also block activation by some transcription factors, mechanisms of promoter stimulation by upstream DNA elements and positive control by certain transcription factors may be related.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, W -- Gosink, K K -- Salomon, J -- Igarashi, K -- Zou, C -- Ishihama, A -- Severinov, K -- Gourse, R L -- AI90035/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM49242/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM37048/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 26;262(5138):1407-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8248780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; DNA, Bacterial/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/*genetics ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Integration Host Factors ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; *rRNA Operon
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    Misconduct: views from the trenches (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubes, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1108-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8356443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Intention ; *Scientific Misconduct ; United States ; *Universities
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    Identification of the von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor gene (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-28
    Description: A gene discovered by positional cloning has been identified as the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease tumor suppressor gene. A restriction fragment encompassing the gene showed rearrangements in 28 of 221 VHL kindreds. Eighteen of these rearrangements were due to deletions in the candidate gene, including three large nonoverlapping deletions. Intragenic mutations were detected in cell lines derived from VHL patients and from sporadic renal cell carcinomas. The VHL gene is evolutionarily conserved and encodes two widely expressed transcripts of approximately 6 and 6.5 kilobases. The partial sequence of the inferred gene product shows no homology to other proteins, except for an acidic repeat domain found in the procyclic surface membrane glycoprotein of Trypanosoma brucei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Latif, F -- Tory, K -- Gnarra, J -- Yao, M -- Duh, F M -- Orcutt, M L -- Stackhouse, T -- Kuzmin, I -- Modi, W -- Geil, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 28;260(5112):1317-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunobiology, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center (NCI-FCRDC), Frederick, MD 21702-1201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Deletion ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/genetics ; Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease/*genetics
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    A Manhattan Project by any other name (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 13;261(5123):827.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8346433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Humans ; *Research ; United States
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    Army to test only MicroGeneSys vaccine (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 13;261(5123):819.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8346429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*therapeutic use ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Financing, Government ; Government Agencies ; HIV/immunology ; Humans ; *Military Medicine ; Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services ; Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
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    Association of the APC gene product with beta-catenin (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-10
    Description: Mutations in the human APC gene are linked to familial adenomatous polyposis and to the progression of sporadic colorectal and gastric tumors. To gain insight into APC function, APC-associated proteins were identified by immunoprecipitation experiments. Antibodies to APC precipitated a 95-kilodalton protein that was purified and identified by sequencing as beta-catenin, a protein that binds to the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. An antibody specific to beta-catenin also recognized the 95-kilodalton protein in the immunoprecipitates. These results suggest that APC is involved in cell adhesion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rubinfeld, B -- Souza, B -- Albert, I -- Muller, O -- Chamberlain, S H -- Masiarz, F R -- Munemitsu, S -- Polakis, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 10;262(5140):1731-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Richmond, CA 94806.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8259518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies ; Cadherins/*metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Colonic Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; *Genes, APC ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; *Trans-Activators ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; beta Catenin
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    Crystal structure of the repetitive segments of spectrin (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-24
    Description: The elongated proteins of the spectrin family (dystrophin, alpha-actinin, and spectrin) contain tandemly repeated segments and form resilient cellular meshworks by cross-linking actin filaments. The structure of one of the repetitive segments of alpha-spectrin was determined at a 1.8 angstrom resolution. A segment consists of a three-helix bundle. A model of the interface between two tandem segments suggests that hydrophobic interactions between segments may constrain intersegment flexibility. The helix side chain interactions explain how mutations that are known to produce hemolytic anemias disrupt spectrin associations that sustain the integrity of the erythrocyte membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yan, Y -- Winograd, E -- Viel, A -- Cronin, T -- Harrison, S C -- Branton, D -- CA 13202/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL 17411/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 24;262(5142):2027-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Crystallization ; Drosophila ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Spectrin/*chemistry
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    Alterations of a zinc finger-encoding gene, BCL-6, in diffuse large-cell lymphoma (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-10-29
    Description: The molecular pathogenesis of diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL), the most frequent and clinically relevant type of lymphoma, is unknown. A gene was cloned from chromosomal translocations affecting band 3q27, which are common in DLCL. This gene, BCL-6, codes for a 79-kilodalton protein that is homologous with zinc finger-transcription factors. In 33 percent (13 of 39) of DLCL samples, but not in other types of lymphoid malignancies, the BCL-6 gene is truncated within its 5' noncoding sequences, suggesting that its expression is deregulated. Thus, BCL-6 may be a proto-oncogene specifically involved in the pathogenesis of DLCL.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ye, B H -- Lista, F -- Lo Coco, F -- Knowles, D M -- Offit, K -- Chaganti, R S -- Dalla-Favera, R -- CA 44029/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 48236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY 06337/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 29;262(5134):747-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8235596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; DNA, Complementary ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Exons ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; Introns ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; Proto-Oncogenes/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Translocation, Genetic ; Zinc Fingers/*genetics
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    Induction by EGF and interferon-gamma of tyrosine phosphorylated DNA binding proteins in mouse liver nuclei (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-24
    Description: Intraperitoneal injection of epidermal growth factor (EGF) into mice resulted in the appearance in liver nuclei of three tyrosine phosphorylated proteins (84, 91, and 92 kilodaltons) within minutes after administration of EGF. Administration of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) resulted in the appearance in liver nuclei of two tyrosine phosphorylated proteins (84 and 91 kilodaltons). The 84- and 91-kilodalton proteins detected after either EGF or IFN-gamma administration were identified as the IFN-gamma activation factors (GAF). Furthermore, gel shift analysis revealed that these GAF proteins, detected after either EGF or IFN-gamma administration, specifically bound to the sis-inducible element of the c-fos promoter. Thus, GAF proteins participate in nuclear signaling in both IFN-gamma and EGF pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruff-Jamison, S -- Chen, K -- Cohen, S -- HD-00700/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 24;261(5129):1733-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8378774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/drug effects/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Genes, fos ; Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3 ; Interferon-gamma/*pharmacology ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/*metabolism
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    Anthropology: nature-culture battleground (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 24;261(5129):1798, 1801-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8378782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthropology/education/trends ; *Anthropology, Cultural/education/trends ; Anthropology, Physical/education/trends ; Career Choice ; Research ; United States ; Universities
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    Structure of the retinoid X receptor alpha DNA binding domain: a helix required for homodimeric DNA binding (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-21
    Description: The three-dimensional solution structure of the DNA binding domain (DBD) of the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The two zinc fingers of the RXR DBD fold to form a single structural domain that consists of two perpendicularly oriented helices and that resembles the corresponding regions of the glucocorticoid and estrogen receptors (GR and ER, respectively). However, in contrast to the DBDs of the GR and ER, the RXR DBD contains an additional helix immediately after the second zinc finger. This third helix mediates both protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions required for cooperative, dimeric binding of the RXR DBD to DNA. Identification of the third helix in the RXR DBD thus defines a structural feature required for selective dimerization of the RXR on hormone response elements composed of half-sites (5'-AGGTCA-3') arranged as tandem repeats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, M S -- Kliewer, S A -- Provencal, J -- Wright, P E -- Evans, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 21;260(5111):1117-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8388124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*chemistry/metabolism ; *Receptors, Retinoic Acid ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retinoid X Receptors ; *Transcription Factors ; Zinc Fingers
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    Molecular mapping and detoxification of the lipid A binding site by synthetic peptides (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-15
    Description: Endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], the major antigen of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, consists of a variable-size carbohydrate chain that is covalently linked to N,O-acylated beta-1,6-D-glucosamine disaccharide 1,4'-bisphosphate (lipid A). The toxic activity of LPS resides in the lipid A structure. The structural features of synthetic peptides that bind to lipid A with high affinity, detoxify LPS in vitro, and prevent LPS-induced cytokine release and lethality in vivo were defined. The binding thermodynamics were comparable to that of an antigen-antibody reaction. Such synthetic peptides may provide a strategy for prophylaxis and treatment of LPS-mediated diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rustici, A -- Velucchi, M -- Faggioni, R -- Sironi, M -- Ghezzi, P -- Quataert, S -- Green, B -- Porro, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 15;259(5093):361-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biosynth Research Laboratories, Siena, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8420003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Bordetella pertussis/chemistry ; Escherichia coli/chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Limulus Test ; Lipid A/chemistry/*metabolism/toxicity ; Lipopolysaccharides/chemistry/*metabolism/toxicity ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Micelles ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*metabolism ; Polymyxin B/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Temperature
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    New domain motif: the structure of pectate lyase C, a secreted plant virulence factor (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-06-04
    Description: Pectate lyases are secreted by pathogens and initiate soft-rot diseases in plants by cleaving polygalacturonate, a major component of the plant cell wall. The three-dimensional structure of pectate lyase C from Erwinia chrysanthemi has been solved and refined to a resolution of 2.2 angstroms. The enzyme folds into a unique motif of parallel beta strands coiled into a large helix. Within the core, the amino acids form linear stacks and include a novel asparagine ladder. The sequence similarities that pectate lyases share with pectin lyases, pollen and style proteins, and tubulins suggest that the parallel beta helix motif may occur in a broad spectrum of proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoder, M D -- Keen, N T -- Jurnak, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jun 4;260(5113):1503-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside 92521.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8502994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Calcium ; Crystallography ; Isoenzymes/*chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pectobacterium chrysanthemi/enzymology ; Polysaccharide-Lyases/*chemistry ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary
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    Ribozymes: killing the messenger (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 3;262(5139):1512-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8248799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; HIV/genetics ; HIV Infections/*therapy ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Catalytic/*genetics/metabolism/therapeutic use ; RNA, Viral/metabolism
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    National Institutes of Health. Glossy strategic plan hits the streets (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 14;260(5110):888.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Budgets ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/trends ; *Research ; United States
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    Priorities in research (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabin, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 12;259(5101):1521.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8456274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Government Agencies ; Politics ; Research/*trends ; United States
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    MicroGeneSys: NIH faces down DOD (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 16;260(5106):288.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8469980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Government Agencies ; HIV/immunology ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Recombinant Proteins ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Vaccines, Synthetic
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  • 79
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    Requirement for a GTPase-activating protein in vesicle budding from the endoplasmic reticulum (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-05
    Description: The binding and hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by the small GTP-binding protein Sar1p is required to form transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Experiments revealed that an interaction between Sar1p and the Sec23p subunit of an oligomeric protein is also required for vesicle budding. The isolated Sec23p subunit and the oligomeric complex stimulated guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity of Sar1p 10- to 15-fold but did not activate two other small GTP-binding proteins involved in vesicle traffic (Ypt1p and ARF). Activation of GTPase was inhibited by an antibody to Sec23p but not by an antibody that inhibits the budding activity of the other subunit of the Sec23p complex. Also, activation was thermolabile in pure samples of Sec23p that were isolated from two independent sec23 mutant strains. It appears that Sec23p represents a new class of GTPase-activating protein because its sequence shows no similarity to any known member of this family.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshihisa, T -- Barlowe, C -- Schekman, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 5;259(5100):1466-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8451644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: COP-Coated Vesicles ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Fungal Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Genes, Fungal ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; *Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins ; Mutagenesis ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Spheroplasts/metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins
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  • 80
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    Should dying patients receive untested genetic methods? (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 22;259(5094):452.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8424165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; *Bioethics ; Brain Neoplasms/*therapy ; DNA, Recombinant ; Death ; *Ethical Review ; Federal Government ; Female ; *Genetic Therapy ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Therapeutic Human Experimentation ; United States
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  • 81
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    GDNF: a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-05-21
    Description: A potent neurotrophic factor that enhances survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons was purified and cloned. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a glycosylated, disulfide-bonded homodimer that is a distantly related member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. In embryonic midbrain cultures, recombinant human GDNF promoted the survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increased their high-affinity dopamine uptake. These effects were relatively specific; GDNF did not increase total neuron or astrocyte numbers nor did it increase transmitter uptake by gamma-aminobutyric-containing and serotonergic neurons. GDNF may have utility in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, which is marked by progressive degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, L F -- Doherty, D H -- Lile, J D -- Bektesh, S -- Collins, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 21;260(5111):1130-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Synergen, Inc., Boulder, CO 80301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8493557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Astrocytes/cytology/drug effects ; Base Sequence ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dopamine/*biosynthesis ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Humans ; Mesencephalon/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; *Nerve Growth Factors ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Neuroglia/*metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy ; Rats
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  • 82
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    Cells in stress: transcriptional activation of heat shock genes (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morimoto, R I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 5;259(5100):1409-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8451637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*genetics ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 83
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    Gene therapy. Healy approves an unproven treatment (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 8;259(5092):172.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8421780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Ethical Review ; Federal Government ; Female ; Genetic Therapy/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; Middle Aged ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/*therapy ; Patient Selection ; Research Subjects ; United States
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  • 84
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    AIDS vaccines. MicroGeneSys withdraws from trial (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 26;259(5103):1821-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8456308" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines ; *Biotechnology ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; United States
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  • 85
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    Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 patients with primary infection (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: Better characterization of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) in patients with primary infection has important implications for the development of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) vaccine because vaccine strategies should target viral isolates with the properties of transmitted viruses. In five HIV-1 seroconverters, the viral phenotype was found to be uniformly macrophage-tropic and non-syncytium-inducing. Furthermore, the viruses were genotypically homogeneous within each patient, but a common signature sequence was not discernible among transmitted viruses. In the two cases where the sexual partners were also studied, the sequences of the transmitted viruses matched best with minor variants in the blood of the transmitters. There was also a stronger pressure to conserve sequences in gp120 than in gp41, nef, and p17, suggesting that a selective mechanism is involved in transmission.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, T -- Mo, H -- Wang, N -- Nam, D S -- Cao, Y -- Koup, R A -- Ho, D D -- AI24030/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI25541/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI27742/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8356453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Female ; Gene Products, gag/chemistry/genetics ; Genes, Viral ; Genotype ; Giant Cells/physiology ; HIV Antigens/chemistry/genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/*genetics ; HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry/genetics ; HIV Infections/*microbiology/transmission ; HIV Seropositivity/microbiology ; HIV-1/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Macrophages ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Sequence Alignment ; Sexual Partners ; *Viral Proteins ; Virus Replication ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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  • 86
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    Structure at 2.5 A of a designed peptide that maintains solubility of membrane proteins (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-10-29
    Description: A 24-amino acid peptide designed to solubilize integral membrane proteins has been synthesized. The design was for an amphipathic alpha helix with a "flat" hydrophobic surface that would interact with a transmembrane protein as a detergent. When mixed with peptide, 85 percent of bacteriorhodopsin and 60 percent of rhodopsin remained in solution over a period of 2 days in their native forms. The crystal structure of peptide alone showed it to form an antiparallel four-helix bundle in which monomers interact, flat surface to flat surface, as predicted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schafmeister, C E -- Miercke, L J -- Stroud, R M -- GM24485/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 29;262(5134):734-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0448.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8235592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacteriorhodopsins/chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Detergents/chemical synthesis/*chemistry ; Drug Design ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemical synthesis/*chemistry ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rhodopsin/chemistry
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  • 87
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    Molecular cloning of an apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing protein (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-06-18
    Description: Mammalian apolipoprotein B (apo B) exists in two forms, each the product of a single gene. The shorter form, apo B48, arises by posttranscriptional RNA editing whereby cytidine deamination produces a UAA termination codon. A full-length complementary DNA clone encoding an apo B messenger RNA editing protein (REPR) was isolated from rat small intestine. The 229-residue protein contains consensus phosphorylation sites and leucine zipper domains. HepG2 cell extracts acquire editing activity when mixed with REPR from oocyte extracts. REPR is essential for apo B messenger RNA editing, and the isolation and characterization of REPR may lead to the identification of other eukaryotic RNA editing proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teng, B -- Burant, C F -- Davidson, N O -- DK-42086/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL-38180/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- KO-4 HL-02166/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jun 18;260(5115):1816-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8511591" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins B/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Cytidine Deaminase/chemistry/*genetics ; Humans ; Intestine, Small/chemistry ; Leucine Zippers ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Open Reading Frames ; Phosphorylation ; *RNA Editing ; Rats ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 88
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    Progression to diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with transgenic T cell receptors (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-19
    Description: The T cell receptor (TCR) requirements in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes were examined with transgenic NOD mice bearing nondisease-related TCR alpha and beta chains. In both TCR beta and TCR alpha beta transgenic NOD mice the beta chain transgene was expressed by 〉 98% of peripheral T cells. The alpha chain transgene was also highly expressed. Insulitis developed in both sets of transgenic animals with most of the lymphocytes in the lesion expressing the transgenic beta chain and with depletion of the endogenous TCR V beta genes. Nonetheless, NOD animals transgenic for TCR beta and TCR alpha beta developed diabetes similar to controls. Thus, skewing the TCR repertoire did not diminish autoimmune susceptibility in NOD mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lipes, M A -- Rosenzweig, A -- Tan, K N -- Tanigawa, G -- Ladd, D -- Seidman, J G -- Eisenbarth, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Feb 19;259(5098):1165-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8267690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/immunology/*physiopathology ; Female ; Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; Islets of Langerhans/immunology/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD/*physiology ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Pancreatic Diseases/genetics/immunology/pathology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/pathology
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  • 89
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    Space woes begin to take a toll at UCSF (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Mar 5;259(5100):1392-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8451633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate ; Faculty ; Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research ; San Francisco ; United States ; *Universities
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  • 90
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    Mutations in U6 snRNA that alter splice site specificity: implications for the active site (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-24
    Description: What determines the precise sites of cleavage in the two transesterification reactions of messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing is a major unsolved question. Mutation of the invariant G (guanosine) at position 5 of 5' splice sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae introns activates cleavage at nearby aberrant sites. A genetic approach was used to test the hypothesis that a base-pairing interaction between the 5' splice site and the invariant ACAGAG sequence of U6 is a determinant of 5' splice site choice. Mutations in U6 or the intron (or both) that were predicted to stabilize the interaction suppressed aberrant cleavage and increased normal cleavage. In addition, a mutation in the ACAGAG sequence suppressed mutations of the 3' splice site dinucleotide. These data can fit a model for the spliceosomal active site comprised of a set of RNA-RNA interactions between the intron, U2 and U6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lesser, C F -- Guthrie, C -- GM21119/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 24;262(5142):1982-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266093" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Genes, Reporter ; Introns/genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA Splicing/*genetics ; RNA, Small Nuclear/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Suppression, Genetic
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  • 91
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    Identification of a structural glycoprotein of an RNA virus as a ribonuclease (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: One of the three structural glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is E0, a disulfide-bonded homodimer that induces virus-neutralizing antibodies and occurs in a virion-bound as well as a secreted form. E0 was shown to be similar to a family of fungal and plant ribonucleases. Purified E0 from CSFV-infected cells was a potent ribonuclease specific for uridine and inhibitable by zinc ions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schneider, R -- Unger, G -- Stark, R -- Schneider-Scherzer, E -- Thiel, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1169-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8356450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Classical swine fever virus/*chemistry/enzymology/genetics ; Dithiothreitol/pharmacology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oxidation-Reduction ; RNA, Fungal/metabolism ; Ribonucleases/*chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis ; Single-Chain Antibodies ; Substrate Specificity ; Temperature ; Uridine/metabolism ; Viral Structural Proteins/*chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism
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  • 92
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    Probing the mechanism of staphylococcal nuclease with unnatural amino acids: kinetic and structural studies (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-17
    Description: Staphylococcal nuclease is an enzyme with enormous catalytic power, accelerating phosphodiester bond hydrolysis by a factor of 10(16) over the spontaneous rate. The mechanistic basis for this rate acceleration was investigated by substitution of the active site residues Glu43, Arg35, and Arg87 with unnatural amino acid analogs. Two Glu43 mutants, one containing the nitro analog of glutamate and the other containing homoglutamate, retained high catalytic activity at pH 9.9, but were less active than the wild-type enzyme at lower pH values. The x-ray crystal structure of the homoglutamate mutant revealed that the carboxylate side chain of this residue occupies a position and orientation similar to that of Glu43 in the wild-type enzyme. The increase in steric bulk is accommodated by a backbone shift and altered torsion angles. The nitro and the homoglutamate mutants display similar pH versus rate profiles, which differ from that of the wild-type enzyme. Taken together, these studies suggest that Glu43 may not act as a general base, as previously thought, but may play a more complex structural role during catalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Judice, J K -- Gamble, T R -- Murphy, E C -- de Vos, A M -- Schultz, P G -- GM 14012-02S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM49220/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM-08388/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 17;261(5128):1578-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8103944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2-Aminoadipic Acid/chemistry ; Amino Acids/chemistry ; Aminobutyrates/chemistry ; Arginine/*chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Glutamates/*chemistry ; Glutamic Acid ; Homocysteine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Micrococcal Nuclease/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Plasmids ; X-Ray Diffraction
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  • 93
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    Two jobs for the origin replication complex (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1993-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newlon, C S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 17;262(5141):1830-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Medicine and Dentistry-New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266070" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Genes, Fungal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Origin Recognition Complex ; *Replicon ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Primers for mitochondrial DNA replication generated by endonuclease G (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-06
    Description: Endonuclease G (Endo G) is widely distributed among animals and cleaves DNA at double-stranded (dG)n.(dC)n and at single-stranded (dC)n tracts. Endo G is synthesized as a propeptide with an amino-terminal presequence that targets the nuclease to mitochondria. Endo G can also be detected in extranucleolar chromatin. In addition to deoxyribonuclease activities, Endo G also has ribonuclease (RNase) and RNase H activities and specifically cleaves mouse mitochondrial RNA and DNA-RNA substrates containing the origin of heavy-strand DNA replication (OH). The cleavage sites match those found in vivo, indicating that Endo G is capable of generating the RNA primers required by DNA polymerase gamma to initiate replication of mitochondrial DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cote, J -- Ruiz-Carrillo, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 6;261(5122):765-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research Center, Medical School of Laval University, L'Hotel-Dieu de Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7688144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology ; DNA/genetics ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*metabolism ; Endodeoxyribonucleases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA/*metabolism ; Ribonuclease H/metabolism ; Ribonucleases/metabolism ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Helper T cells without CD4: control of leishmaniasis in CD4-deficient mice (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-10
    Description: Expression of either the CD4 or CD8 glycoproteins discriminates two functionally distinct lineages of T lymphocytes. A null mutation in the gene encoding CD4 impairs the development of the helper cell lineage that is normally defined by CD4 expression. Infection of CD4-null mice with Leishmania has revealed a population of functional helper T cells that develops despite the absence of CD4. These CD8- alpha beta T cell receptor+ T cells are major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted and produce interferon-gamma when challenged with parasite antigens. These results indicate that T lymphocyte lineage commitment and peripheral function need not depend on the function of CD4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Locksley, R M -- Reiner, S L -- Hatam, F -- Littman, D R -- Killeen, N -- AI30663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 10;261(5127):1448-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0654.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8367726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD4/genetics/*immunology ; Antigens, CD8/immunology ; Antigens, Protozoan/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Base Sequence ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis/immunology ; Leishmania tropica/*immunology ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Group II intron RNA catalysis of progressive nucleotide insertion: a model for RNA editing (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-20
    Description: The self-splicing bl1 intron lariat from mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzed the insertion of nucleotidyl monomers derived from the 3' end of a donor RNA into an acceptor RNA in a 3' to 5' direction in vitro. In this catalyzed reaction, the site specificity provided by intermolecular base pair interactions, the formation of chimeric intermediates, the polarity of the nucleotidyl insertion, and its reversibility all resemble such properties in previously proposed models of RNA editing in kinetoplastid mitochondria. These results suggest that RNA editing occurs by way of a concerted, two-step transesterification mechanism and that RNA splicing and RNA editing might be prebiotically related mechanisms; possibly, both evolved from a primordial demand for self-replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mueller, M W -- Hetzer, M -- Schweyen, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 20;261(5124):1035-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vienna Biocenter, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8351516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Esterification ; *Introns ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *RNA Editing ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Catalytic/*metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/*metabolism ; RNA, Guide/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    National Institutes of Health. ...Top AIDS official to leave (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 15;259(5093):303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8419998" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/history ; Physician Executives/history ; Research Support as Topic/history ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Army clears Redfield--but fails to resolve controversy (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 13;261(5123):824-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8346432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*therapeutic use ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology/*therapy ; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic ; Federal Government ; HIV/immunology/isolation & purification ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *Military Medicine ; Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use ; Risk Assessment ; *Scientific Misconduct ; United States ; Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Regulation by heme of mitochondrial protein transport through a conserved amino acid motif (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-01-22
    Description: A conserved motif, termed the heme regulatory motif (HRM), was identified in the presequences of the erythroid delta-aminolevulinate synthase precursors and was shown to be involved in hemin inhibition of transport of these proteins into mouse mitochondria in vitro. When the HRM was inserted into the presequence of the ornithine transcarbamoylase precursor, a normally unregulated mitochondrial protein, it conferred hemin inhibition on the transport of the chimeric protein. The conserved cysteine within the HRM was shown by site-directed mutagenesis to be required for hemin inhibition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lathrop, J T -- Timko, M P -- 5 RO1 DK33304-06/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jan 22;259(5094):522-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22901.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8424176" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase/genetics/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Chickens ; Enzyme Precursors/*metabolism ; Erythrocytes/*enzymology ; Heme/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Mitochondria, Liver/drug effects/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Cooperative interactions between the Caenorhabditis elegans homeoproteins UNC-86 and MEC-3 (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-09-03
    Description: The POU-type homeodomain protein UNC-86 and the LIM-type homeodomain protein MEC-3, which specify neuronal cell fate in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, bind cooperatively as a heterodimer to the mec-3 promoter. Heterodimer formation increases DNA binding stability and, therefore, increases DNA binding specificity. The in vivo significance of this heterodimer formation in neuronal differentiation is suggested by (i) a loss-of-function mec-3 mutation whose product in vitro binds DNA well but forms heterodimers with UNC-86 poorly and (ii) a mec-3 mutation with wild-type function whose product binds DNA poorly but forms heterodimers well.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xue, D -- Tu, Y -- Chalfie, M -- GM30997/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 3;261(5126):1324-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8103239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/*metabolism ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA/*metabolism ; Genes, Helminth ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Helminth Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Homeodomain Proteins ; LIM-Homeodomain Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/cytology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/metabolism ; POU Domain Factors ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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