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  • 1
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    Non-linear waveform analysis for water-layer response and its application to high-frequency receiver function analysis using OBS array (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-29
    Description: Determination of a response of the sea water column to teleseismic plane wave is important to suppress adverse effects of water reverberations in calculating receiver functions (RFs) using ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) records. We present a novel non-linear waveform analysis method using the simulated annealing algorithm to determine such a water-layer response recorded by an OBS array. We then demonstrate its usefulness for the RF estimation through its application to synthetic and observed data. Synthetic experiments suggest that the water-layer response constrained in this way has a potential to improve RFs of OBS records drastically even in the high-frequency range (to 4 Hz). By applying it to data observed by the OBS array around the Kii Peninsula, southwestern Japan, we identified a low-velocity zone at the top of the subducting Philippine Sea plate. This zone may represent the incoming fluid-rich sediment layer that has been reported by active-source seismic survey.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 2
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    Potential tropical Atlantic impacts on Pacific decadal climate trends (2016)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-21
    Description: The tropical Pacific cooling from the early 1990s to 2013 has contributed to the slowdown of globally averaged sea surface temperatures (SST). The origin of this regional cooling trend still remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that the remote impact of Atlantic SST anomalies, as well as local atmosphere-ocean interactions, contributed to the eastern Pacific cooling during this period. By assimilating observed 3-dimensional Atlantic temperature and salinity anomalies into a coupled general circulation model (CGCM), we are able to qualitatively reproduce the observed Pacific decadal trends of SST and sea level pressure (SLP), albeit with reduced amplitude. Although a major part of the Pacific SLP trend can be explained by equatorial Pacific SST forcing only, the origin of this low-frequency variability can be traced back further to the remote impacts of equatorial Atlantic and South Atlantic SST trends. Atlantic SST impacts on the atmospheric circulation can also be detected for the Northeastern Pacific, thus providing a linkage between Atlantic climate and Western North American drought conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Local actin cortex reassembly in membrane blebbing [Cell Biology] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-30
    Description: The actin cytoskeleton usually lies beneath the plasma membrane. When the membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton is transiently disrupted or the intracellular pressure is increased, the plasma membrane detaches from the cortex and protrudes. Such protruded membrane regions are called blebs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying membrane blebbing are poorly understood. This...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    On the Mechanisms of the Active 2018 Tropical Cyclone Season in the North Pacific (2019)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract The 2018 tropical cyclone (TC) season in the North Pacific was very active, with 39 tropical storms including 8 typhoons/hurricanes. This activity was successfully predicted up to 5 months in advance by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Forecast‐oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) global coupled model. In this work, a suite of idealized experiments with three dynamical global models (FLOR, NICAM and MRI‐AGCM) was used to show that the active 2018 TC season was primarily caused by warming in the subtropical Pacific, and secondarily by warming in the tropical Pacific. Furthermore, the potential effect of anthropogenic forcing on the active 2018 TC season was investigated using two of the global models (FLOR and MRI‐AGCM). The models projected opposite signs for the changes in TC frequency in the North Pacific by an increase in anthropogenic forcing, thereby highlighting the substantial uncertainty and model dependence in the possible impact of anthropogenic forcing on Pacific TC activity.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 5
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    Heterochromatin body assembly for DNA elimination [Developmental Biology] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-11
    Description: Multiple heterochromatic loci are often clustered into a higher order nuclear architecture called a heterochromatin body in diverse eukaryotes. Although phosphorylation of Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) family proteins regulates heterochromatin dynamics, its role in heterochromatin bodies remains unknown. We previously reported that dephosphorylation of the HP1-like protein Pdd1p is required...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Time-resolved observation of coherent excitonic nonlinear response with a table-top narrowband THz pulse wave (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-03
    Description: By combining a tilted-pulse-intensity-front scheme using a LiNbO 3 crystal and a chirped-pulse-beating method, we generated a narrowband intense terahertz (THz) pulse, which had a maximum electric field of more than 10 kV/cm at around 2 THz, a bandwidth of ∼50 GHz, and frequency tunability from 0.5 to 2 THz. By performing THz-pump and near-infrared-probe experiments on GaAs quantum wells, we observed that the resonant excitation of the intraexcitonic 1s-2p transition induces a clear and large Autler-Townes splitting. Our time-resolved measurements show that the splitting energy observed in the rising edge region of electric field is larger than in the constant region. This result implies that the splitting energy depends on the time-averaged THz field over the excitonic dephasing time rather than that at the instant of the exciton creation by a probe pulse.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 7
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    Basic properties of transition remanent magnetizations of magnetite in relation to the ambient field using granite samples (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-07
    Description: We have investigated basic properties of transition remanent magnetization of natural magnetite in granite samples collected from the Minnesota River Valley, North America. Transition remanence was imparted during cooling and/or warming through the Verwey transition around 120 K. Depending on magnetic field conditions during cooling and warming, three types of transition remanences have been categorized: (1) TrRM, acquired during a cycle of field cooling and field warming; (2) TrWRM, acquired during zero-field cooling and field warming and (3) TrCRM, imparted during field cooling and zero-field warming. These remanences fulfil basic laws of remanent magnetization: (1) directions of the transition remanences are parallel to direction of the applied field (the law of parallelism), (2) intensities of the transition remanences are proportional to the applied field intensity (the law of proportionality) and (3) sum of the partial transition remanences is equal to the total transitional remanence, that is, TrRM = TrWRM + TrCRM. In addition, the ratio of TrRM to TRM LTD (the demagnetized component of thermoremanent magnetization by low-temperature demagnetization) shows a nearly constant value of ~0.34. This relationship might reflect differences in equilibrium magnetic domain state at low and high temperature.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 8
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    Relationship between the Pacific and Atlantic stepwise climate change during the 1990s (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-10
    Description: A linkage between climate change in the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans during the 1990s is investigated using three versions of the coupled climate model MIROC and CMIP5 multi-model ensemble. From the early 1990s to the early 2000s, the observed sea surface temperature (SST) shows warming in the North Atlantic and a La Niña-like pattern in the Pacific. Associated with the SST pattern, the observations indicate a strengthened Walker circulation in the tropical Pacific and enhanced precipitation in the tropical Atlantic. These SST and precipitation patterns are simulated well by hindcast experiments with external forcing and an initialized ocean anomaly state but are poorly simulated by uninitialized simulation with external forcing only. In particular, the observed La Niña-like SST pattern becomes prominent in ensemble members with large amplitudes of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index during 1996–1998. Our results suggest that ocean initialization in both the Pacific and the Atlantic plays an important role in predicting the Pacific stepwise climate change during the 1990s, which contributes to the accurate estimation of global temperature change in the coming decade. Forecasting typhoon frequency or marine fisheries production in the coming decade may be possible by improving the predictive skill of stepwise climate change.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 9
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    Deletion of the paired alpha 5(IV) and alpha 6(IV) collagen genes in inherited smooth muscle tumors (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-08-27
    Description: The gene encoding alpha 6(IV) collagen, COL4A6, was identified on the human X chromosome in a head-to-head arrangement and within 452 base pairs of the alpha 5(IV) collagen gene, COL4A5. In earlier studies, intragenic deletions of COL4A5 were detected in a subset of patients with Alport syndrome (AS), a hereditary defect of basement membranes. In some families, AS cosegregates with diffuse leiomyomatosis (DL), a benign smooth muscle tumor diathesis. Here it is shown that patients with AS-DL harbor deletions that disrupt both COL4A5 and COL4A6. Thus, type IV collagen may regulate smooth muscle differentiation and morphogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, J -- Mochizuki, T -- Smeets, H -- Antignac, C -- Laurila, P -- de Paepe, A -- Tryggvason, K -- Reeders, S T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Aug 27;261(5125):1167-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536-0812.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8356449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Differentiation ; Collagen/chemistry/*genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Fetus/metabolism ; *Gene Deletion ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Leiomyoma/*genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morphogenesis ; Muscle, Smooth/cytology ; Mutation ; Nephritis, Hereditary/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    PKD2, a gene for polycystic kidney disease that encodes an integral membrane protein (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-05-31
    Description: A second gene for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease was identified by positional cloning. Nonsense mutations in this gene (PKD2) segregated with the disease in three PKD2 families. The predicted 968-amino acid sequence of the PKD2 gene product has six transmembrane spans with intracellular amino- and carboxyl-termini. The PKD2 protein has amino acid similarity with PKD1, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of PKD1, and the family of voltage-activated calcium (and sodium) channels, and it contains a potential calcium-binding domain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mochizuki, T -- Wu, G -- Hayashi, T -- Xenophontos, S L -- Veldhuisen, B -- Saris, J J -- Reynolds, D M -- Cai, Y -- Gabow, P A -- Pierides, A -- Kimberling, W J -- Breuning, M H -- Deltas, C C -- Peters, D J -- Somlo, S -- DK02015/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK48383/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 May 31;272(5266):1339-42.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Renal Division, Department of Medicine and Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8650545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Caenorhabditis elegans/chemistry/genetics ; Calcium Channels/chemistry/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Consensus Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Sodium Channels/chemistry/genetics ; TRPP Cation Channels
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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