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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1997-11-05
    Description: The carboxyl-terminal domain, residues 146 to 231, of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) capsid protein [CA(146-231)] is required for capsid dimerization and viral assembly. This domain contains a stretch of 20 residues, called the major homology region (MHR), which is conserved across retroviruses and is essential for viral assembly, maturation, and infectivity. The crystal structures of CA(146-231) and CA(151-231) reveal that the globular domain is composed of four helices and an extended amino-terminal strand. CA(146-231) dimerizes through parallel packing of helix 2 across a dyad. The MHR is distinct from the dimer interface and instead forms an intricate hydrogen-bonding network that interconnects strand 1 and helices 1 and 2. Alignment of the CA(146-231) dimer with the crystal structure of the capsid amino-terminal domain provides a model for the intact protein and extends models for assembly of the central conical core of HIV-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gamble, T R -- Yoo, S -- Vajdos, F F -- von Schwedler, U K -- Worthylake, D K -- Wang, H -- McCutcheon, J P -- Sundquist, W I -- Hill, C P -- R01 AI40333/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI43036/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 31;278(5339):849-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9346481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Capsid/*chemistry/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cloning, Organism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; HIV-1/*chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/chemistry ; *Protein Conformation ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1993-09-17
    Description: Staphylococcal nuclease is an enzyme with enormous catalytic power, accelerating phosphodiester bond hydrolysis by a factor of 10(16) over the spontaneous rate. The mechanistic basis for this rate acceleration was investigated by substitution of the active site residues Glu43, Arg35, and Arg87 with unnatural amino acid analogs. Two Glu43 mutants, one containing the nitro analog of glutamate and the other containing homoglutamate, retained high catalytic activity at pH 9.9, but were less active than the wild-type enzyme at lower pH values. The x-ray crystal structure of the homoglutamate mutant revealed that the carboxylate side chain of this residue occupies a position and orientation similar to that of Glu43 in the wild-type enzyme. The increase in steric bulk is accommodated by a backbone shift and altered torsion angles. The nitro and the homoglutamate mutants display similar pH versus rate profiles, which differ from that of the wild-type enzyme. Taken together, these studies suggest that Glu43 may not act as a general base, as previously thought, but may play a more complex structural role during catalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Judice, J K -- Gamble, T R -- Murphy, E C -- de Vos, A M -- Schultz, P G -- GM 14012-02S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM49220/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM-08388/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Sep 17;261(5128):1578-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8103944" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2-Aminoadipic Acid/chemistry ; Amino Acids/chemistry ; Aminobutyrates/chemistry ; Arginine/*chemistry ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Glutamates/*chemistry ; Glutamic Acid ; Homocysteine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Micrococcal Nuclease/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Plasmids ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1997-10-31
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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