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  • 1
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    Transformation and plasmacytoid differentiation of EBV-infected human B lymphoblasts by ras oncogenes (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-02-03
    Description: The biological effects of ras oncogene activation in B cells were studied by using amphotropic retroviral vectors to introduce H- or N-ras oncogenes into human B lymphoblasts immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus. Expression of both H- and N-ras oncogenes led to malignant transformation of these cells, as shown by clonogenicity in semisolid media and tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice. In addition, terminal differentiation into plasma cells was detectable as specific changes in morphology, immunoglobulin secretion, and cell surface antigen expression. This combined effect, promoting growth and differentiation in human lymphoblasts, represents a novel biological action of ras oncogenes and has implications for the pathogenesis of terminally differentiated B-lymphoid malignancies such as multiple myeloma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seremetis, S -- Inghirami, G -- Ferrero, D -- Newcomb, E W -- Knowles, D M -- Dotto, G P -- Dalla-Favera, R -- CA-37165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA49236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY 06337/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 3;243(4891):660-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, New York University, NY 10016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2536954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; DNA Replication ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, ras ; *Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology ; Phenotype ; Plasma Cells/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Down-regulation of LFA-1 adhesion receptors by C-myc oncogene in human B lymphoblastoid cells (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-02
    Description: The function of the c-myc gene and its role in tumorigenesis are poorly understood. In order to elucidate the role of c-myc oncogene activation in B cell malignancy, the phenotypic changes caused by the expression of c-myc oncogenes in human B lymphoblastoid cells immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus were analyzed. C-myc oncogenes caused the down-regulation of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) adhesion molecules (alpha L/beta 2 integrin) and loss of homotypic B cell adhesion in vitro. Down-regulation of LFA-1 occurred by (i) posttranscriptional modulation of LFA-1 alpha L-chain RNA soon after acute c-myc induction, and (ii) transcriptional modulation in cells that chronically express c-myc oncogenes. Analogous reductions in LFA-1 expression were detectable in Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying activated c-myc oncogenes. Since LFA-1 is involved in B cell adhesion to cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and vascular endothelium, these results imply functions for c-myc in normal B cell development and lymphomagenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inghirami, G -- Grignani, F -- Sternas, L -- Lombardi, L -- Knowles, D M -- Dalla-Favera, R -- CA 37165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 37295/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 48236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 2;250(4981):682-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/*analysis/genetics/physiology ; Plasminogen Inactivators ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Alterations of a zinc finger-encoding gene, BCL-6, in diffuse large-cell lymphoma (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-10-29
    Description: The molecular pathogenesis of diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL), the most frequent and clinically relevant type of lymphoma, is unknown. A gene was cloned from chromosomal translocations affecting band 3q27, which are common in DLCL. This gene, BCL-6, codes for a 79-kilodalton protein that is homologous with zinc finger-transcription factors. In 33 percent (13 of 39) of DLCL samples, but not in other types of lymphoid malignancies, the BCL-6 gene is truncated within its 5' noncoding sequences, suggesting that its expression is deregulated. Thus, BCL-6 may be a proto-oncogene specifically involved in the pathogenesis of DLCL.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ye, B H -- Lista, F -- Lo Coco, F -- Knowles, D M -- Offit, K -- Chaganti, R S -- Dalla-Favera, R -- CA 44029/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 48236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY 06337/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 29;262(5134):747-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8235596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; DNA, Complementary ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Exons ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; Introns ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 ; Proto-Oncogenes/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Translocation, Genetic ; Zinc Fingers/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-16
    Description: Representational difference analysis was used to isolate unique sequences present in more than 90 percent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tissues obtained from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These sequences were not present in tissue DNA from non-AIDS patients, but were present in 15 percent of non-KS tissue DNA samples from AIDS patients. The sequences are homologous to, but distinct from, capsid and tegument protein genes of the Gammaherpesvirinae, herpesvirus saimiri and Epstein-Barr virus. These KS-associated herpesvirus-like (KSHV) sequences appear to define a new human herpesvirus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Y -- Cesarman, E -- Pessin, M S -- Lee, F -- Culpepper, J -- Knowles, D M -- Moore, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 16;266(5192):1865-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7997879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Viral/*analysis/chemistry/genetics ; Female ; Herpesviridae/*genetics ; Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine/genetics ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Open Reading Frames ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology/*virology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue behaviour and lifing of two single crystal superalloys (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A model has been developed to predict the high temperature cyclic life of single crystal superalloys RR2000 and CMSX-4 under conditions of creep and fatigue. A combined creep–fatigue model is used, although it is found that failure always occurs by creep or fatigue separately, and that creep–fatigue interaction has a minor influence. Microstructural investigation of a series of interrupted high- and low-frequency tests are presented, these are combined with the results of a series of interrupted creep tests to identify the separate and interactive mechanisms of creep and fatigue. When creep damage is present the material behaves homogeneously. Under these conditions crack growth is initiation controlled, the mechanism of failure is surface or casting pore-initiated planar crack growth followed by shear on crystallographic planes. As the temperature is lowered or the cyclic frequency increased, the material behaves less homogeneously and shear bands are formed during cycling. Crack growth under these conditions is again initiation controlled and failure is by rapid crystallographic crack growth along shear bands. Such a failure is a distinct fatigue failure and occurs when little creep damage is present. Under certain cyclic conditions, mainly those where the crystallographic failure mechanism is dominant, the material shows an anomalous increase in fatigue resistance with temperature up to approximately 950 °C. This behaviour has been quantified by relating it to the effect of strain rate and temperature on the yield strength of the material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2001.00392.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructures of modified RR2072 single crystal superalloys and their effects on LCF response at 950 8°C (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Effects of microstructural modifications, that are a consequence of adding minor grain boundary strengthening elements (C, Hf), on the fatigue response of an experimental single crystal superalloy have been studied. Investigations show that in the modified alloys, as a consequence of the casting process, the population of pores is reduced, but the average pore size increases and larger pores occur close to the fatigue sample surface. Such porosity changes in the modified alloys are an important contributor to their low cycle fatigue (LCF) properties. At the high stress range of LCF tests undertaken, the growth of cracks initiates from pores and their location in the modified alloys are responsible for decreased fatigue lives. At lower stress ranges, crack initiation consumes a considerable proportion of fatigue life. Since crack initiation involves strain localisation at or near the specimen surface where there is interaction with the environment, the population of pores near the specimen surface and the increased length of the tests plays a significant role in governing fatigue lives. The modified alloys benefit from their lower density of pores in the vicinity of the free surface, and tend to have comparable fatigue lives to that of the base alloy at the lower stress level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00541.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of material behaviour on the analysis of single crystal turbine blades: Part I – Material model (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes a slip system model developed for the analysis of modern single crystal superalloys – specifically, the first generation alloys RR2000 and SRR99, and the second generation alloy CMSX-4. The single crystal model is implemented as an ABAQUS User MATerial (UMAT) subroutine, the framework is based on the classical theory of single crystal plasticity. The constitutive equations used have different formulations based on the micromechanisms of deformation and experimental measurements. The emphasis is on the effect of incorporating the micromechanisms of material behaviour on predicted macroscopic results. Several important phenomena and mechanisms, which are required for explaining creep properties as a function of stress, temperature and orientation are identified and included in the model. These include: activation of 〈 101 〉 {111} and 〈 112 〉 {111} slip systems, rigid body rotation, continuum damage, slip system softening, dislocation interaction, threshold behaviour and rafting. Model simulations are compared with experimental data in various deformation regimes. In a later part of the paper, the model is used to analyse the performance of a single crystal turbine blade. This enables the effect of the micromechanisms of deformation on overall component behaviour to be quantified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00524.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of material behaviour on the analysis of single crystal turbine blades: Part II – Component analysis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes the analysis of a turbine blade component using a slip system model developed for modern single-crystal superalloys. Structural elasto-viscoplastic calculations are carried out for the component. The emphasis throughout is on the effect of micromechanisms of deformation, accounted for in the material model, on the predicted overall behaviour of the component. With the recent proliferation in detailed material models that are available, it is prudent to take a step back and investigate the implications of such models for component analysis and design. This effect is manifested through the determination of a stabilised and redistributed stress state throughout the component. While some components are creep-limited in design, many are fatigue-limited and it is stabilised stresses which control the cyclic life of these components. The accuracy of the material model, incorporating various micromechanisms as a function of stress and temperature, can significantly effect these stabilised stresses. The effect of the crystallographic orientation on blade behaviour is illustrated and the implications of shakedown simulations for fatigue lifing of turbine blades are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00505.x
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  • 9
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    Frequent somatic hypermutation of the 5' noncoding region of the BCL6 gene in B-cell lymphoma. (1995)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-19
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 10
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    Different regions of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus are involved in chromosomal translocations in distinct pathogenetic forms of Burkitt lymphoma. (1988)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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