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  • 1
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    Kinase fusions are frequent in Spitz tumours and spitzoid melanomas (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-22
    Description: Article Spitzoid neoplasms constitute a spectrum of melanocytic tumours, characterized by distinct clinical, pathological and genetic features. Here, Wiesner et al . show that kinase fusions represent the majority of oncogenic aberrations in spitzoid neoplasms and may serve as therapeutic targets for metastatic spitzoid melanoma. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms4116 Authors: Thomas Wiesner, Jie He, Roman Yelensky, Rosaura Esteve-Puig, Thomas Botton, Iwei Yeh, Doron Lipson, Geoff Otto, Kristina Brennan, Rajmohan Murali, Maria Garrido, Vincent A. Miller, Jeffrey S. Ross, Michael F. Berger, Alyssa Sparatta, Gabriele Palmedo, Lorenzo Cerroni, Klaus J. Busam, Heinz Kutzner, Maureen T. Cronin, Philip J. Stephens, Boris C. Bastian
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
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    Crystal structure of the repetitive segments of spectrin (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-24
    Description: The elongated proteins of the spectrin family (dystrophin, alpha-actinin, and spectrin) contain tandemly repeated segments and form resilient cellular meshworks by cross-linking actin filaments. The structure of one of the repetitive segments of alpha-spectrin was determined at a 1.8 angstrom resolution. A segment consists of a three-helix bundle. A model of the interface between two tandem segments suggests that hydrophobic interactions between segments may constrain intersegment flexibility. The helix side chain interactions explain how mutations that are known to produce hemolytic anemias disrupt spectrin associations that sustain the integrity of the erythrocyte membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yan, Y -- Winograd, E -- Viel, A -- Cronin, T -- Harrison, S C -- Branton, D -- CA 13202/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL 17411/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 24;262(5142):2027-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8266097" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Crystallization ; Drosophila ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Spectrin/*chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Geographic variation in apparent competition between native and invasive Phragmites australis (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Ecology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-13
    Description: Apparent competition, the negative interaction between species mediated by shared natural enemies, is thought to play an important role in shaping the structure and dynamics of natural communities. However, its importance in driving species invasions, and whether the strength of this indirect interaction varies across the latitudinal range of the invasion, has not been fully explored. We performed replicated field experiments at four sites spanning 900 km along the Atlantic Coast of the United States to assess the presence and strength of apparent competition between sympatric native and invasive lineages of Phragmites australis . Four herbivore guilds were considered: stem-feeders, leaf-miners, leaf-chewers and aphids. We also tested the hypothesis that the strength of this interaction declines with increasing latitude. Within each site, native and invasive plants of P. australis were cross-transplanted between co-occurring native and invasive patches in the same marsh habitat and herbivore damage was evaluated at the end of the growing season. Apparent competition was evident for both lineages and involved all but the leaf-chewer guild. For native plants, total aphids per plant was 296% higher and the incidence of stem-feeding and leaf-mining herbivores was 34% and 221% higher, respectively, when transplanted into invasive than native patches. These data suggest that invasive P. australis has a negative effect on native P. australis via apparent competition. Averaged among herbivore types, the indirect effects of the invasive lineage on the native lineage was 57% higher than the reverse situation, suggesting that apparent competition was asymmetric. We also found that the strength of apparent competition acting against the native lineage was comparable to the benefits to the invasive lineage from enemy release (i.e., proportionately lower mean herbivory of the invasive relative to the native taxa). Finally, we found the first evidence that the strength of apparent competition acting against the native lineage (from stem-feeders only) decreased with increasing latitude. These results suggest that not only could apparent competition be of tantamount importance to enemy release in enhancing the establishment and spread of invasive taxa, but also that these indirect and direct herbivore effects could vary over the invasion range. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0012-9658
    Electronic ISSN: 1939-9170
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 4
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    Abstract: Correlative Units And Reservoir Modelling In Sand-rich Deepwater Clastic Reservoirs  (1999)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orbital forcing of deep-sea benthic species diversity (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 385 (1997), S. 624-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We examined ostracods from 125 10-ml samples from the deep-sea drilling project (DSDP) site 607, located on the western flank of the mid-Atlantic ridge (41° N, 19° W; water depth, 3,427m), and DSDP site 610 near the Rockall plateau (53° N, 19° W; water depth, 2,417m). Site 607 is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/385624a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The UV visual world of fishes: a review (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ultraviolet-A radiation (320–400 nm) is scattered rapidly in water. Despite this fact, UV is present in biologically useful amounts to at least 100 m deep in clear aquatic environments. Discovery of UV visual pigments with peak absorption at around 360 nm in teleost cone photoreceptors indicates that many teleost fishes may be adapted for vision in the UV range. Considering the characteristic absorption curve for visual pigments, about 18% of the downwelling light that illuminates objects at 30-m depth would be available to UV-sensitive cones. Strong scattering of UV radiation should produce unique imaging conditions as a very bright UV background in the horizontal view and a marked veiling effect that, with distance, obscures an image. Many teleosts have three, or even four, classes of cone cells mediating colour vision in their retina and one can be sensitive to UV. These UV-sensitive cones contain a visual pigment based on a unique opsin which is highly conserved between fish species. Several powerful methods exist for demonstration of UV vision, but all are rather demanding in terms of technique and equipment. Demonstration that the eye lacks UV-blocking compounds that are present in many fish eyes is a simpler method that can indicate the possibility of UV vision. The only experimental evidence for the use of UV vision by fishes is connected to planktivory: detection of UV-opaque objects at close range against a bright UV background is enhanced by the physical properties of UV light. Once present, perhaps for the function of detecting food, UV vision may well be co-opted through natural selection for other functions. Recent discovery that UV vision is critically important for mate choice in some birds and lizards is a strong object lesson for fish ecologists and behaviourists. Other possible functions amount to far more than merely adding a fourth dimension to the visible spectrum. Since UV is scattered so effectively in water, it may be useful for social signalling at short range and reduce the possibility of detection by other, illegitimate, receivers. Since humans are blind to UV light, we may be significantly in error, in many cases, in our attempts to understand and evaluate visual aspects of fish behaviour. A survey of the reflectance properties of skin pigments in fishes reveals a rich array of pigments with reflectance peaks in the UV. For example, the same yellow to our eyes may comprise two perceptually different colours to fish, yellow and UV-yellow. It is clearly necessary for us to anticipate that many fishes may have some form of UV vision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00848.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The eye-movements of the mantis shrimp Odontodactylus scyllarus (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 167 (1990), S. 155-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Vision ; Eye-movement ; Stomatopod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Odontodactylus scyllarus makes discrete spontaneous eye-movements at a maximum rate of 3/s. These movements are unpredictable in direction and timing, and there is no detectable co-ordination between the two eyes. The eye-movements were measured with a computer-aided video method, and from 208 of these the following picture of a typical movement emerges. It has roughly equal horizontal and vertical components of 7–8°, taking the eye-stalk axis about 12° around a great circle, and also a rotational component of about 8°. The 3 components can occur independently of each other and are thus separately driven by the brain (Fig. 6). The average duration is 300 ms, and average velocity is 40° s (Fig. 5). Most movements are made in a direction approximately at right angles to the orientation of the specialised central band. It is shown that the slow speed of the eye-movements is compatible with scanning, that is, the uptake of visual information during the movement rather than its exclusion as in conventional saccades. Mantis shrimps also make target-acquiring and tracking eye-movements which tend to be somewhat larger and faster than other spontaneous movements. Rotating a striped drum around the animal induces a typical optokinetic nystagmus whose slow phases are smooth, unlike target tracking which is jerky (Fig. 7). Eye-movements may therefore be conveniently grouped into 3 classes: targetting/tracking, scanning, and optokinetic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural evidence for colour vision in stomatopod crustaceans (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 179 (1996), S. 473-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Stomatopod ; Colour vision ; Crustacean behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract If an organism can be taught to respond in a particular way to a wavelength of light, irrespective of that light's intensity, then it must be able to perceive the colour of the stimulus. No marine invertebrate has yet been shown to have colour vision. Stomatopod crustaceans (mantis shrimps) are colourful animals and their eyes have many adaptations which indicate that they are capable of such spectral analysis. We adopted an associative learning paradigm to attempt to demonstrate colour vision. Stomatopods readily learnt to choose some colours from arrays of greys, even when the correct choice colours were darker than the ones they had been trained to. Possible mechanisms underlying colour vision in these animals, and their ecological significance are discussed. A simple model is presented which may help interpret the complex-stomatopod colour vision system and explain some of the learning anomalies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192314
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreceptor spectral diversity in the retinas of squilloid and lysiosquilloid stomatopod crustaceans (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 172 (1993), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photoreceptor ; Retina ; Spectral sensitivity ; Stomatopod ; Visual ecology ; Visual pigment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. We examined the retinas of 2 species of stomatopods in the superfamily Squilloidea, Cloridopsis dubia and Squilla empusa, and 2 species of the super-family Lysiosquilloidea, Coronis scolopendra and Lysiosquilla sulcata, using microspectrophotometry in the visible region of the spectrum. 2. Retinas of all species included numerous photostable pigments, such as green reflecting pigment, hemocyanin, colored oil droplets, and vesicles. Both lysiosquilloid species also had intrarhabdomal filters within specialized photoreceptors of the midband. 3. Squilloid species contained a single visual pigment throughout all photoreceptors, with peak absorption at medium wavelengths (near 515nm). Retinas of lysiosquilloids contained a diversity of visual pigments, with estimated λmax values ranging from 397 to 551 nm. 4. Spectral sensitivity functions were estimated for the lysiosquilloid species based on estimates of visual pigment λnax, photoreceptor dimensions, and specific absorbances of the visual pigments and intrarhabdomal filters. Ommatidia of midband Rows 1 to 4 contained pairs of narrowly tuned spectral receptors, appropriate for spectral discrimination, while ommatidia of midband Rows 5 and 6, and all peripheral ommatidia, had broad spectral sensitivity functions. 5. Lysiosquilloid stomatopods have retinas that closely resemble those of gonodactyloids both structurally and in their visual pigment diversity. In contrast, squilloids have retinas that are much simpler. These differences appear to be related to the habitats and activity cycles of species belonging to the 3 major superfamilies of stomatopod crustaceans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216616
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations of pigment granule transport systems in Gonodactylus oerstedii (Crustacea: Hoplocarida: Stomatopoda) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 175 (1994), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Pupillary response ; Pigment granule migration ; Compound eyes ; Temperature effects ; Stomatopods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Compound eyes of the stomatopod, Gonodactylus oerstedii, exhibit pupillary reflection responses which arise from migration of retinular cell pigment granules. In the light, reflectance from the eye increases as pigment granules accumulate around light-sensitive rhabdoms and scatter incoming light back out of the eye (pupillary closure). At dark onset, reflectance diminishes as pigment granules disperse centrifugally, enhancing photon capture by the rhabdom. We investigated the mechanisms of the pupillary response in intact animals by measuring reflectance from the eye under different temperature conditions. Lowering the temperature from 27° to 7 °C caused an increase in reflectance of infrared light in the absence of visible-light stimuli, indicating pupillary closure. When given light stimuli as temperature decreased, the eye continued to produce reflection increases which decreased in amplitude as the between stimulus reflectance level increased. All low-temperature effects were reversed when temperature was increased to normal. The rate of pupillary closure was insensitive to temperature, with a temperature quotient (Q10) of 0.8 ± 0.1 s.e.m, while pupillary opening was extremely temperature sensitive (Q10 of 5.4 ± 0.4). Different temperature sensitivities for pupillary opening and closing suggest that these processes involve different mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192991
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