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  • Cell Line
  • Phosphorylation
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (24)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Protein Phosphorylation in Human Health
  • Springer
  • 2015-2019  (24)
Collection
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (24)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Protein Phosphorylation in Human Health
  • Springer
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (70)
Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: Noncoding variants play a central role in the genetics of complex traits, but we still lack a full understanding of the molecular pathways through which they act. We quantified the contribution of cis-acting genetic effects at all major stages of gene regulation from chromatin to proteins, in Yoruba lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). About ~65% of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) have primary effects on chromatin, whereas the remaining eQTLs are enriched in transcribed regions. Using a novel method, we also detected 2893 splicing QTLs, most of which have little or no effect on gene-level expression. These splicing QTLs are major contributors to complex traits, roughly on a par with variants that affect gene expression levels. Our study provides a comprehensive view of the mechanisms linking genetic variation to variation in human gene regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Yang I -- van de Geijn, Bryce -- Raj, Anil -- Knowles, David A -- Petti, Allegra A -- Golan, David -- Gilad, Yoav -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- R01MH084703/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH101825/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01HG007036/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54CA149145/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):600-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9417. Epub 2016 Apr 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. ; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. ; Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. gilad@uchicago.edu pritch@stanford.edu. ; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. gilad@uchicago.edu pritch@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Chromatin/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Immune System Diseases/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; RNA Splicing/*genetics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: Hydroxymethylcytosine, well described in DNA, occurs also in RNA. Here, we show that hydroxymethylcytosine preferentially marks polyadenylated RNAs and is deposited by Tet in Drosophila. We map the transcriptome-wide hydroxymethylation landscape, revealing hydroxymethylcytosine in the transcripts of many genes, notably in coding sequences, and identify consensus sites for hydroxymethylation. We found that RNA hydroxymethylation can favor mRNA translation. Tet and hydroxymethylated RNA are found to be most abundant in the Drosophila brain, and Tet-deficient fruitflies suffer impaired brain development, accompanied by decreased RNA hydroxymethylation. This study highlights the distribution, localization, and function of cytosine hydroxymethylation and identifies central roles for this modification in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Delatte, Benjamin -- Wang, Fei -- Ngoc, Long Vo -- Collignon, Evelyne -- Bonvin, Elise -- Deplus, Rachel -- Calonne, Emilie -- Hassabi, Bouchra -- Putmans, Pascale -- Awe, Stephan -- Wetzel, Collin -- Kreher, Judith -- Soin, Romuald -- Creppe, Catherine -- Limbach, Patrick A -- Gueydan, Cyril -- Kruys, Veronique -- Brehm, Alexander -- Minakhina, Svetlana -- Defrance, Matthieu -- Steward, Ruth -- Fuks, Francois -- R01 GM089992/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA117846/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):282-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aac5253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. ; Waksman Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA. ; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Faculty of Sciences, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium. ; Institut fur Molekularbiologie und Tumorforschung, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany. ; Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. ; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB Cancer Research Center (U-CRC), Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. ffuks@ulb.ac.be.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816380" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*abnormalities/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Dioxygenases/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Methylation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcriptome
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: Genes encoding human beta-type globin undergo a developmental switch from embryonic to fetal to adult-type expression. Mutations in the adult form cause inherited hemoglobinopathies or globin disorders, including sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Some experimental results have suggested that these diseases could be treated by induction of fetal-type hemoglobin (HbF). However, the mechanisms that repress HbF in adults remain unclear. We found that the LRF/ZBTB7A transcription factor occupies fetal gamma-globin genes and maintains the nucleosome density necessary for gamma-globin gene silencing in adults, and that LRF confers its repressive activity through a NuRD repressor complex independent of the fetal globin repressor BCL11A. Our study may provide additional opportunities for therapeutic targeting in the treatment of hemoglobinopathies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778394/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4778394/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masuda, Takeshi -- Wang, Xin -- Maeda, Manami -- Canver, Matthew C -- Sher, Falak -- Funnell, Alister P W -- Fisher, Chris -- Suciu, Maria -- Martyn, Gabriella E -- Norton, Laura J -- Zhu, Catherine -- Kurita, Ryo -- Nakamura, Yukio -- Xu, Jian -- Higgs, Douglas R -- Crossley, Merlin -- Bauer, Daniel E -- Orkin, Stuart H -- Kharchenko, Peter V -- Maeda, Takahiro -- R01 AI084905/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL032259/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R56 DK105001/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):285-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3312.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. ; Medical Research Council, Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK. ; Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. ; Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. peter.kharchenko@post.harvard.edu tmaeda@partners.org. ; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. peter.kharchenko@post.harvard.edu tmaeda@partners.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Erythroblasts/cytology ; Erythropoiesis/genetics ; Fetal Hemoglobin/*genetics ; *Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Thalassemia/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; gamma-Globins/*genetics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-04-09
    Description: Activation of various cell surface receptors triggers the reorganization of downstream signaling molecules into micrometer- or submicrometer-sized clusters. However, the functional consequences of such clustering have been unclear. We biochemically reconstituted a 12-component signaling pathway on model membranes, beginning with T cell receptor (TCR) activation and ending with actin assembly. When TCR phosphorylation was triggered, downstream signaling proteins spontaneously separated into liquid-like clusters that promoted signaling outputs both in vitro and in human Jurkat T cells. Reconstituted clusters were enriched in kinases but excluded phosphatases and enhanced actin filament assembly by recruiting and organizing actin regulators. These results demonstrate that protein phase separation can create a distinct physical and biochemical compartment that facilitates signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, Xiaolei -- Ditlev, Jonathon A -- Hui, Enfu -- Xing, Wenmin -- Banjade, Sudeep -- Okrut, Julia -- King, David S -- Taunton, Jack -- Rosen, Michael K -- Vale, Ronald D -- 5-F32-DK101188/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F32 DK101188/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM56322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):595-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9964. Epub 2016 Apr 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; HHMI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ron.vale@ucsf.edu michael.rosen@utsouthwestern.edu. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ron.vale@ucsf.edu michael.rosen@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27056844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerization ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*agonists ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*metabolism
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: Drug resistance compromises control of malaria. Here, we show that resistance to a commonly used antimalarial medication, atovaquone, is apparently unable to spread. Atovaquone pressure selects parasites with mutations in cytochrome b, a respiratory protein with low but essential activity in the mammalian blood phase of the parasite life cycle. Resistance mutations rescue parasites from the drug but later prove lethal in the mosquito phase, where parasites require full respiration. Unable to respire efficiently, resistant parasites fail to complete mosquito development, arresting their life cycle. Because cytochrome b is encoded by the maternally inherited parasite mitochondrion, even outcrossing with wild-type strains cannot facilitate spread of resistance. Lack of transmission suggests that resistance will be unable to spread in the field, greatly enhancing the utility of atovaquone in malaria control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodman, Christopher D -- Siregar, Josephine E -- Mollard, Vanessa -- Vega-Rodriguez, Joel -- Syafruddin, Din -- Matsuoka, Hiroyuki -- Matsuzaki, Motomichi -- Toyama, Tomoko -- Sturm, Angelika -- Cozijnsen, Anton -- Jacobs-Lorena, Marcelo -- Kita, Kiyoshi -- Marzuki, Sangkot -- McFadden, Geoffrey I -- AI031478/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR00052/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):349-53. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9279.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. gim@unimelb.edu.au deang@unimelb.edu.au. ; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, JI Diponegoro no. 69, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia. Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. ; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. ; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ; Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, JI Diponegoro no. 69, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km10, Makassar 90245, Indonesia. ; Division of Medical Zoology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. ; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. ; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. ; Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, JI Diponegoro no. 69, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/*parasitology ; Antimalarials/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Atovaquone/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Line ; Cytochromes b/*genetics ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; Genes, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages/drug effects/genetics ; Malaria/drug therapy/*parasitology/transmission ; Male ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*genetics ; Mutation ; Plasmodium berghei/*drug effects/genetics/growth & development ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: In response to growth signals, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) stimulates anabolic processes underlying cell growth. We found that mTORC1 increases metabolic flux through the de novo purine synthesis pathway in various mouse and human cells, thereby influencing the nucleotide pool available for nucleic acid synthesis. mTORC1 had transcriptional effects on multiple enzymes contributing to purine synthesis, with expression of the mitochondrial tetrahydrofolate (mTHF) cycle enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) being closely associated with mTORC1 signaling in both normal and cancer cells. MTHFD2 expression and purine synthesis were stimulated by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which was activated by mTORC1 independent of its canonical induction downstream of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha eIF2alpha phosphorylation. Thus, mTORC1 stimulates the mTHF cycle, which contributes one-carbon units to enhance production of purine nucleotides in response to growth signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ben-Sahra, Issam -- Hoxhaj, Gerta -- Ricoult, Stephane J H -- Asara, John M -- Manning, Brendan D -- K99-CA194192/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA120964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01-CA120964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30-CA006516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA181390/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA181390/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R35 CA197459/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R35-CA197459/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):728-33. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0489.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. bmanning@hsph.harvard.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activating Transcription Factor 4/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Methenyltetrahydrofolate Cyclohydrolase/genetics ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NADP)/genetics ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Purines/*biosynthesis ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; Tetrahydrofolates/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-02-06
    Description: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (SHANK3) haploinsufficiency is causative for the neurological features of Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMDS), including a high risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We used unbiased, quantitative proteomics to identify changes in the phosphoproteome of Shank3-deficient neurons. Down-regulation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling resulted from enhanced phosphorylation and activation of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit, B56beta, due to increased steady-state levels of its kinase, Cdc2-like kinase 2 (CLK2). Pharmacological and genetic activation of Akt or inhibition of CLK2 relieved synaptic deficits in Shank3-deficient and PMDS patient-derived neurons. CLK2 inhibition also restored normal sociability in a Shank3-deficient mouse model. Our study thereby provides a novel mechanistic and potentially therapeutic understanding of deregulated signaling downstream of Shank3 deficiency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidinosti, Michael -- Botta, Paolo -- Kruttner, Sebastian -- Proenca, Catia C -- Stoehr, Natacha -- Bernhard, Mario -- Fruh, Isabelle -- Mueller, Matthias -- Bonenfant, Debora -- Voshol, Hans -- Carbone, Walter -- Neal, Sarah J -- McTighe, Stephanie M -- Roma, Guglielmo -- Dolmetsch, Ricardo E -- Porter, Jeffrey A -- Caroni, Pico -- Bouwmeester, Tewis -- Luthi, Andreas -- Galimberti, Ivan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1199-203. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5487. Epub 2016 Feb 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel, Switzerland. ; Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ; Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA. ; Developmental Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland. ivan.galimberti@novartis.com.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847545" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/*drug therapy/enzymology/genetics ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Neurons/enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2015-04-11
    Description: Protein phosphorylation regulates virtually all biological processes. Although protein kinases are popular drug targets, targeting protein phosphatases remains a challenge. Here, we describe Sephin1 (selective inhibitor of a holophosphatase), a small molecule that safely and selectively inhibited a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 in vivo. Sephin1 selectively bound and inhibited the stress-induced PPP1R15A, but not the related and constitutive PPP1R15B, to prolong the benefit of an adaptive phospho-signaling pathway, protecting cells from otherwise lethal protein misfolding stress. In vivo, Sephin1 safely prevented the motor, morphological, and molecular defects of two otherwise unrelated protein-misfolding diseases in mice, Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thus, regulatory subunits of phosphatases are drug targets, a property exploited here to safely prevent two protein misfolding diseases.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4490275/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4490275/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Das, Indrajit -- Krzyzosiak, Agnieszka -- Schneider, Kim -- Wrabetz, Lawrence -- D'Antonio, Maurizio -- Barry, Nicholas -- Sigurdardottir, Anna -- Bertolotti, Anne -- 309516/European Research Council/International -- MC_U105185860/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01-NS55256/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 10;348(6231):239-42. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. ; Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy. ; Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK. aberto@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Guanabenz/*analogs & derivatives/chemical ; synthesis/metabolism/pharmacology/toxicity ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Phosphatase 1/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Proteostasis Deficiencies/*drug therapy/*prevention & control ; Signal Transduction
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2015-01-31
    Description: The mechanistic basis of eukaryotic circadian oscillators in model systems as diverse as Neurospora, Drosophila, and mammalian cells is thought to be a transcription-and-translation-based negative feedback loop, wherein progressive and controlled phosphorylation of one or more negative elements ultimately elicits their own proteasome-mediated degradation, thereby releasing negative feedback and determining circadian period length. The Neurospora crassa circadian negative element FREQUENCY (FRQ) exemplifies such proteins; it is progressively phosphorylated at more than 100 sites, and strains bearing alleles of frq with anomalous phosphorylation display abnormal stability of FRQ that is well correlated with altered periods or apparent arrhythmicity. Unexpectedly, we unveiled normal circadian oscillations that reflect the allelic state of frq but that persist in the absence of typical degradation of FRQ. This manifest uncoupling of negative element turnover from circadian period length determination is not consistent with the consensus eukaryotic circadian model.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432837/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4432837/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larrondo, Luis F -- Olivares-Yanez, Consuelo -- Baker, Christopher L -- Loros, Jennifer J -- Dunlap, Jay C -- P01 GM68087/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083336/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM34985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 30;347(6221):1257277. doi: 10.1126/science.1257277.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genetica Molecular y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. jay.c.dunlap@dartmouth.edu llarrondo@bio.puc.cl. ; Millennium Nucleus for Fungal Integrative and Synthetic Biology, Departamento de Genetica Molecular y Microbiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. ; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. jay.c.dunlap@dartmouth.edu llarrondo@bio.puc.cl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25635104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Alleles ; *Circadian Clocks ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Feedback, Physiological ; Fungal Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/*metabolism ; Half-Life ; Neurospora crassa/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Protein Stability ; Proteolysis ; Signal Transduction
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2015-01-24
    Description: Resolving the molecular details of proteome variation in the different tissues and organs of the human body will greatly increase our knowledge of human biology and disease. Here, we present a map of the human tissue proteome based on an integrated omics approach that involves quantitative transcriptomics at the tissue and organ level, combined with tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry, to achieve spatial localization of proteins down to the single-cell level. Our tissue-based analysis detected more than 90% of the putative protein-coding genes. We used this approach to explore the human secretome, the membrane proteome, the druggable proteome, the cancer proteome, and the metabolic functions in 32 different tissues and organs. All the data are integrated in an interactive Web-based database that allows exploration of individual proteins, as well as navigation of global expression patterns, in all major tissues and organs in the human body.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Uhlen, Mathias -- Fagerberg, Linn -- Hallstrom, Bjorn M -- Lindskog, Cecilia -- Oksvold, Per -- Mardinoglu, Adil -- Sivertsson, Asa -- Kampf, Caroline -- Sjostedt, Evelina -- Asplund, Anna -- Olsson, IngMarie -- Edlund, Karolina -- Lundberg, Emma -- Navani, Sanjay -- Szigyarto, Cristina Al-Khalili -- Odeberg, Jacob -- Djureinovic, Dijana -- Takanen, Jenny Ottosson -- Hober, Sophia -- Alm, Tove -- Edqvist, Per-Henrik -- Berling, Holger -- Tegel, Hanna -- Mulder, Jan -- Rockberg, Johan -- Nilsson, Peter -- Schwenk, Jochen M -- Hamsten, Marica -- von Feilitzen, Kalle -- Forsberg, Mattias -- Persson, Lukas -- Johansson, Fredric -- Zwahlen, Martin -- von Heijne, Gunnar -- Nielsen, Jens -- Ponten, Fredrik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 23;347(6220):1260419. doi: 10.1126/science.1260419.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. mathias.uhlen@scilifelab.se. ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at Dortmund TU, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany. ; Lab Surgpath, Mumbai, India. ; Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. ; Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. ; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Cell Line ; *Databases, Protein ; Female ; Genes ; Genetic Code ; Humans ; Internet ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Isoforms/genetics/metabolism ; Proteome/genetics/*metabolism ; Tissue Distribution ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2015-08-01
    Description: The actin cross-linking domain (ACD) is an actin-specific toxin produced by several pathogens, including life-threatening spp. of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Actin cross-linking by ACD is thought to lead to slow cytoskeleton failure owing to a gradual sequestration of actin in the form of nonfunctional oligomers. Here, we found that ACD converted cytoplasmic actin into highly toxic oligomers that potently "poisoned" the ability of major actin assembly proteins, formins, to sustain actin polymerization. Thus, ACD can target the most abundant cellular protein by using actin oligomers as secondary toxins to efficiently subvert cellular functions of actin while functioning at very low doses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4648357/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4648357/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heisler, David B -- Kudryashova, Elena -- Grinevich, Dmitry O -- Suarez, Cristian -- Winkelman, Jonathan D -- Birukov, Konstantin G -- Kotha, Sainath R -- Parinandi, Narasimham L -- Vavylonis, Dimitrios -- Kovar, David R -- Kudryashov, Dmitri S -- R01 GM079265/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM098430/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM114666/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL076259/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 31;349(6247):535-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aab4090.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. kudryashov.1@osu.edu kudryashova.1@osu.edu. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Lung Injury Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Lipid Signaling and Lipidomics Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. ; Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA. ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. kudryashov.1@osu.edu kudryashova.1@osu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26228148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/*chemistry/genetics/*toxicity ; Bacterial Toxins/*chemistry/genetics/*toxicity ; Cell Line ; Fetal Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects/metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Nuclear Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Polymerization/drug effects ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2015-06-13
    Description: Cell division progresses to anaphase only after all chromosomes are connected to spindle microtubules through kinetochores and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is satisfied. We show that the amino-terminal localization module of the SAC protein kinase MPS1 (monopolar spindle 1) directly interacts with the HEC1 (highly expressed in cancer 1) calponin homology domain in the NDC80 (nuclear division cycle 80) kinetochore complex in vitro, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Microtubule polymers disrupted this interaction. In cells, MPS1 binding to kinetochores or to ectopic NDC80 complexes was prevented by end-on microtubule attachment, independent of known kinetochore protein-removal mechanisms. Competition for kinetochore binding between SAC proteins and microtubules provides a direct and perhaps evolutionarily conserved way to detect a properly organized spindle ready for cell division.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hiruma, Yoshitaka -- Sacristan, Carlos -- Pachis, Spyridon T -- Adamopoulos, Athanassios -- Kuijt, Timo -- Ubbink, Marcellus -- von Castelmur, Eleonore -- Perrakis, Anastassis -- Kops, Geert J P L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 12;348(6240):1264-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa4055. Epub 2015 Jun 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. ; Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. g.j.p.l.kops@umcutrecht.nl a.perrakis@nki.nl. ; Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands. g.j.p.l.kops@umcutrecht.nl a.perrakis@nki.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26068855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaphase ; Binding, Competitive ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Kinetochores/*metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/*metabolism
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2015-06-27
    Description: Organisms are adapted to the relentless cycles of day and night, because they evolved timekeeping systems called circadian clocks, which regulate biological activities with ~24-hour rhythms. The clock of cyanobacteria is driven by a three-protein oscillator composed of KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC, which together generate a circadian rhythm of KaiC phosphorylation. We show that KaiB flips between two distinct three-dimensional folds, and its rare transition to an active state provides a time delay that is required to match the timing of the oscillator to that of Earth's rotation. Once KaiB switches folds, it binds phosphorylated KaiC and captures KaiA, which initiates a phase transition of the circadian cycle, and it regulates components of the clock-output pathway, which provides the link that joins the timekeeping and signaling functions of the oscillator.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506712/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506712/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Yong-Gang -- Cohen, Susan E -- Phong, Connie -- Myers, William K -- Kim, Yong-Ick -- Tseng, Roger -- Lin, Jenny -- Zhang, Li -- Boyd, Joseph S -- Lee, Yvonne -- Kang, Shannon -- Lee, David -- Li, Sheng -- Britt, R David -- Rust, Michael J -- Golden, Susan S -- LiWang, Andy -- AI081982/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI101436/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM062419/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM100116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM107521/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM062419/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM100116/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jul 17;349(6245):324-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1260031. Epub 2015 Jun 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. ; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. ; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Center for Circadian Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA. aliwang@ucmerced.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26113641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Circadian Rhythm Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Synechococcus/metabolism/*physiology
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is distinct among nanoscale imaging tools in its ability to image protein dynamics in living cells. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) stands out in this regard because of its high speed and low illumination intensities, but typically offers only a twofold resolution gain. We extended the resolution of live-cell SIM through two approaches: ultrahigh numerical aperture SIM at 84-nanometer lateral resolution for more than 100 multicolor frames, and nonlinear SIM with patterned activation at 45- to 62-nanometer resolution for approximately 20 to 40 frames. We applied these approaches to image dynamics near the plasma membrane of spatially resolved assemblies of clathrin and caveolin, Rab5a in early endosomes, and alpha-actinin, often in relationship to cortical actin. In addition, we examined mitochondria, actin, and the Golgi apparatus dynamics in three dimensions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4659358/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4659358/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Dong -- Shao, Lin -- Chen, Bi-Chang -- Zhang, Xi -- Zhang, Mingshu -- Moses, Brian -- Milkie, Daniel E -- Beach, Jordan R -- Hammer, John A 3rd -- Pasham, Mithun -- Kirchhausen, Tomas -- Baird, Michelle A -- Davidson, Michael W -- Xu, Pingyong -- Betzig, Eric -- GM-075252/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM075252/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Aug 28;349(6251):aab3500. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. ; Key Laboratory of RNA Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China. ; Key Laboratory of RNA Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Noncoding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. ; Coleman Technologies, 5131 West Chester Pike, Newtown Square, PA 19073, USA. ; Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; Department of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA. ; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA. ; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. betzige@janelia.hhmi.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actinin/analysis ; Actins/analysis ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Clathrin/analysis ; Clathrin-Coated Vesicles/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Cytoskeleton/chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; *Endocytosis ; Endosomes/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Golgi Apparatus/ultrastructure ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation/*methods ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/instrumentation/*methods ; Mitochondria/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Organelles/chemistry/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins/analysis
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2015-02-01
    Description: During virus infection, the adaptor proteins MAVS and STING transduce signals from the cytosolic nucleic acid sensors RIG-I and cGAS, respectively, to induce type I interferons (IFNs) and other antiviral molecules. Here we show that MAVS and STING harbor two conserved serine and threonine clusters that are phosphorylated by the kinases IKK and/or TBK1 in response to stimulation. Phosphorylated MAVS and STING then bind to a positively charged surface of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and thereby recruit IRF3 for its phosphorylation and activation by TBK1. We further show that TRIF, an adaptor protein in Toll-like receptor signaling, activates IRF3 through a similar phosphorylation-dependent mechanism. These results reveal that phosphorylation of innate adaptor proteins is an essential and conserved mechanism that selectively recruits IRF3 to activate the type I IFN pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Siqi -- Cai, Xin -- Wu, Jiaxi -- Cong, Qian -- Chen, Xiang -- Li, Tuo -- Du, Fenghe -- Ren, Junyao -- Wu, You-Tong -- Grishin, Nick V -- Chen, Zhijian J -- AI-93967/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM-094575/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-63692/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 13;347(6227):aaa2630. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa2630. Epub 2015 Jan 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA. zhijian.chen@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25636800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/*metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/chemistry/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/metabolism ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-3/chemistry/*metabolism ; Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis ; Interferon-beta/biosynthesis ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sendai virus/physiology ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination ; Vesiculovirus/physiology
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2015-10-31
    Description: Transcription factors (TFs) bind specific sequences in promoter-proximal and -distal DNA elements to regulate gene transcription. RNA is transcribed from both of these DNA elements, and some DNA binding TFs bind RNA. Hence, RNA transcribed from regulatory elements may contribute to stable TF occupancy at these sites. We show that the ubiquitously expressed TF Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) binds to both gene regulatory elements and their associated RNA species across the entire genome. Reduced transcription of regulatory elements diminishes YY1 occupancy, whereas artificial tethering of RNA enhances YY1 occupancy at these elements. We propose that RNA makes a modest but important contribution to the maintenance of certain TFs at gene regulatory elements and suggest that transcription of regulatory elements produces a positive-feedback loop that contributes to the stability of gene expression programs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720525/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4720525/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sigova, Alla A -- Abraham, Brian J -- Ji, Xiong -- Molinie, Benoit -- Hannett, Nancy M -- Guo, Yang Eric -- Jangi, Mohini -- Giallourakis, Cosmas C -- Sharp, Phillip A -- Young, Richard A -- HG002668/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002668/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 20;350(6263):978-81. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3346. Epub 2015 Oct 29.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. young@wi.mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516199" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Consensus Sequence ; DNA/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Mice ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; YY1 Transcription Factor/*metabolism
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2015-01-09
    Description: Naive and primed pluripotent states retain distinct molecular properties, yet limited knowledge exists on how their state transitions are regulated. Here, we identify Mettl3, an N(6)-methyladenosine (m(6)A) transferase, as a regulator for terminating murine naive pluripotency. Mettl3 knockout preimplantation epiblasts and naive embryonic stem cells are depleted for m(6)A in mRNAs, yet are viable. However, they fail to adequately terminate their naive state and, subsequently, undergo aberrant and restricted lineage priming at the postimplantation stage, which leads to early embryonic lethality. m(6)A predominantly and directly reduces mRNA stability, including that of key naive pluripotency-promoting transcripts. This study highlights a critical role for an mRNA epigenetic modification in vivo and identifies regulatory modules that functionally influence naive and primed pluripotency in an opposing manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Geula, Shay -- Moshitch-Moshkovitz, Sharon -- Dominissini, Dan -- Mansour, Abed AlFatah -- Kol, Nitzan -- Salmon-Divon, Mali -- Hershkovitz, Vera -- Peer, Eyal -- Mor, Nofar -- Manor, Yair S -- Ben-Haim, Moshe Shay -- Eyal, Eran -- Yunger, Sharon -- Pinto, Yishay -- Jaitin, Diego Adhemar -- Viukov, Sergey -- Rais, Yoach -- Krupalnik, Vladislav -- Chomsky, Elad -- Zerbib, Mirie -- Maza, Itay -- Rechavi, Yoav -- Massarwa, Rada -- Hanna, Suhair -- Amit, Ido -- Levanon, Erez Y -- Amariglio, Ninette -- Stern-Ginossar, Noam -- Novershtern, Noa -- Rechavi, Gideon -- Hanna, Jacob H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 27;347(6225):1002-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1261417. Epub 2015 Jan 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. ; Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. ; Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. ; The Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. ; The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. The Department of Pediatrics and the Pediatric Immunology Unit, Rambam Medical Center, and the B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel. ; Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. ; The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. jacob.hanna@weizmann.ac.il noa.novershtern@weizmann.ac.il gidi.rechavi@sheba.health.gov.il. ; Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. jacob.hanna@weizmann.ac.il noa.novershtern@weizmann.ac.il gidi.rechavi@sheba.health.gov.il.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25569111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Animals ; Blastocyst/enzymology ; Cell Differentiation/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Embryo Loss/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Male ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/enzymology ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: Notch receptors guide mammalian cell fate decisions by engaging the proteins Jagged and Delta-like (DLL). The 2.3 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the interacting regions of the Notch1-DLL4 complex reveals a two-site, antiparallel binding orientation assisted by Notch1 O-linked glycosylation. Notch1 epidermal growth factor-like repeats 11 and 12 interact with the DLL4 Delta/Serrate/Lag-2 (DSL) domain and module at the N-terminus of Notch ligands (MNNL) domains, respectively. Threonine and serine residues on Notch1 are functionalized with O-fucose and O-glucose, which act as surrogate amino acids by making specific, and essential, contacts to residues on DLL4. The elucidation of a direct chemical role for O-glycans in Notch1 ligand engagement demonstrates how, by relying on posttranslational modifications of their ligand binding sites, Notch proteins have linked their functional capacity to developmentally regulated biosynthetic pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445638/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4445638/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Luca, Vincent C -- Jude, Kevin M -- Pierce, Nathan W -- Nachury, Maxence V -- Fischer, Suzanne -- Garcia, K Christopher -- 1R01-GM097015/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097015/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 20;347(6224):847-53. doi: 10.1126/science.1261093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. kcgarcia@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25700513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alagille Syndrome/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fucose/chemistry ; Glucose/chemistry ; Glycosylation ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*chemistry/genetics ; Ligands ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/ultrastructure ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Polysaccharides/chemistry ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/genetics ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; Receptor, Notch1/*chemistry/genetics/ultrastructure ; Serine/chemistry/genetics ; Threonine/chemistry/genetics
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2015-05-16
    Description: The centrosome organizes microtubule arrays within animal cells and comprises two centrioles surrounded by an amorphous protein mass called the pericentriolar material (PCM). Despite the importance of centrosomes as microtubule-organizing centers, the mechanism and regulation of PCM assembly are not well understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, PCM assembly requires the coiled-coil protein SPD-5. We found that recombinant SPD-5 could polymerize to form micrometer-sized porous networks in vitro. Network assembly was accelerated by two conserved regulators that control PCM assembly in vivo, Polo-like kinase-1 and SPD-2/Cep192. Only the assembled SPD-5 networks, and not unassembled SPD-5 protein, functioned as a scaffold for other PCM proteins. Thus, PCM size and binding capacity emerge from the regulated polymerization of one coiled-coil protein to form a porous network.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodruff, Jeffrey B -- Wueseke, Oliver -- Viscardi, Valeria -- Mahamid, Julia -- Ochoa, Stacy D -- Bunkenborg, Jakob -- Widlund, Per O -- Pozniakovsky, Andrei -- Zanin, Esther -- Bahmanyar, Shirin -- Zinke, Andrea -- Hong, Sun Hae -- Decker, Marcus -- Baumeister, Wolfgang -- Andersen, Jens S -- Oegema, Karen -- Hyman, Anthony A -- R01-GM074207/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 May 15;348(6236):808-12. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3923.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. ; Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany. ; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. ; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. ; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. hyman@mpi-cbg.de koegema@ucsd.edu. ; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany. hyman@mpi-cbg.de koegema@ucsd.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25977552" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Centrosome/*metabolism/ultrasonography ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerization ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2015-06-20
    Description: During clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), plasma membrane regions are internalized to retrieve extracellular molecules and cell surface components. Whether endocytosis occurs by direct clathrin assembly into curved lattices on the budding vesicle or by initial recruitment to flat membranes and subsequent reshaping has been controversial. To distinguish between these models, we combined fluorescence microscopy and electron tomography to locate endocytic sites and to determine their coat and membrane shapes during invagination. The curvature of the clathrin coat increased, whereas the coated surface area remained nearly constant. Furthermore, clathrin rapidly exchanged at all stages of CME. Thus, coated vesicle budding appears to involve bending of a dynamic preassembled clathrin coat.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Avinoam, Ori -- Schorb, Martin -- Beese, Carsten J -- Briggs, John A G -- Kaksonen, Marko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jun 19;348(6241):1369-72. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9555.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Electron Microscopy Core Facility, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. ; Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. marko.kaksonen@unige.ch john.briggs@embl.de. ; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Structural and Computational Biology Unit, The European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. marko.kaksonen@unige.ch john.briggs@embl.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26089517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Clathrin/*chemistry ; Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/*chemistry ; Electron Microscope Tomography ; *Endocytosis ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2015-04-04
    Description: By dividing asymmetrically, stem cells can generate two daughter cells with distinct fates. However, evidence is limited in mammalian systems for the selective apportioning of subcellular contents between daughters. We followed the fates of old and young organelles during the division of human mammary stemlike cells and found that such cells apportion aged mitochondria asymmetrically between daughter cells. Daughter cells that received fewer old mitochondria maintained stem cell traits. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission disrupted both the age-dependent subcellular localization and segregation of mitochondria and caused loss of stem cell properties in the progeny cells. Hence, mechanisms exist for mammalian stemlike cells to asymmetrically sort aged and young mitochondria, and these are important for maintaining stemness properties.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405120/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405120/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Katajisto, Pekka -- Dohla, Julia -- Chaffer, Christine L -- Pentinmikko, Nalle -- Marjanovic, Nemanja -- Iqbal, Sharif -- Zoncu, Roberto -- Chen, Walter -- Weinberg, Robert A -- Sabatini, David M -- P30 CA014051/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA103866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA129105/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI047389/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007287/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 17;348(6232):340-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1260384. Epub 2015 Apr 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 00014, Helsinki, Finland. pekka.katajisto@helsinki.fi sabatini@wi.mit.edu. ; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 00014, Helsinki, Finland. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02142, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA 02142, USA. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. pekka.katajisto@helsinki.fi sabatini@wi.mit.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25837514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Aging/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Division/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Stem Cells/*physiology/*ultrastructure
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2015-10-13
    Description: The shortage of organs for transplantation is a major barrier to the treatment of organ failure. Although porcine organs are considered promising, their use has been checked by concerns about the transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) to humans. Here we describe the eradication of all PERVs in a porcine kidney epithelial cell line (PK15). We first determined the PK15 PERV copy number to be 62. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we disrupted all copies of the PERV pol gene and demonstrated a 〉1000-fold reduction in PERV transmission to human cells, using our engineered cells. Our study shows that CRISPR-Cas9 multiplexability can be as high as 62 and demonstrates the possibility that PERVs can be inactivated for clinical application of porcine-to-human xenotransplantation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Luhan -- Guell, Marc -- Niu, Dong -- George, Haydy -- Lesha, Emal -- Grishin, Dennis -- Aach, John -- Shrock, Ellen -- Xu, Weihong -- Poci, Jurgen -- Cortazio, Rebeca -- Wilkinson, Robert A -- Fishman, Jay A -- Church, George -- P50 HG005550/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Nov 27;350(6264):1101-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1191. Epub 2015 Oct 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. eGenesis Biosciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA. gchurch@genetics.med.harvard.edu luhan.yang@egenesisbio.com. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. eGenesis Biosciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. ; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26456528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Cell Line ; Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics ; Epithelial Cells/virology ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Genes, pol ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Kidney/virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Retroviridae Infections/*prevention & control/transmission/virology ; Swine/*virology ; Transplantation, Heterologous/*methods ; *Virus Inactivation
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2015-02-07
    Description: The phenotypic consequences of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are presumably due to their effects on protein expression levels. Yet the impact of genetic variation, including eQTLs, on protein levels remains poorly understood. To address this, we mapped genetic variants that are associated with eQTLs, ribosome occupancy (rQTLs), or protein abundance (pQTLs). We found that most QTLs are associated with transcript expression levels, with consequent effects on ribosome and protein levels. However, eQTLs tend to have significantly reduced effect sizes on protein levels, which suggests that their potential impact on downstream phenotypes is often attenuated or buffered. Additionally, we identified a class of cis QTLs that affect protein abundance with little or no effect on messenger RNA or ribosome levels, which suggests that they may arise from differences in posttranslational regulation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4507520/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4507520/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Battle, Alexis -- Khan, Zia -- Wang, Sidney H -- Mitrano, Amy -- Ford, Michael J -- Pritchard, Jonathan K -- Gilad, Yoav -- F32 HG006972/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- F32HG006972/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- GM077959/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG007036/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- MH084703/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077959/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH084703/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG007036/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Feb 6;347(6222):664-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1260793. Epub 2014 Dec 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; MS Bioworks, LLC, 3950 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA. ; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. pritch@stanford.edu gilad@uchicago.edu. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. pritch@stanford.edu gilad@uchicago.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25657249" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Flanking Region ; 5' Flanking Region ; Cell Line ; Exons ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Protein Biosynthesis/*genetics ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2015-12-15
    Description: Release of promoter-proximal paused RNA polymerase II (Pol II) during early elongation is a critical step in transcriptional regulation in metazoan cells. Paused Pol II release is thought to require the kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) for the phosphorylation of DRB sensitivity-inducing factor, negative elongation factor, and C-terminal domain (CTD) serine-2 of Pol II. We found that Pol II-associated factor 1 (PAF1) is a critical regulator of paused Pol II release, that positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) directly regulates the initial recruitment of PAF1 complex (PAF1C) to genes, and that the subsequent recruitment of CDK12 is dependent on PAF1C. These findings reveal cooperativity among P-TEFb, PAF1C, and CDK12 in pausing release and Pol II CTD phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yu, Ming -- Yang, Wenjing -- Ni, Ting -- Tang, Zhanyun -- Nakadai, Tomoyoshi -- Zhu, Jun -- Roeder, Robert G -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 11;350(6266):1383-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2338.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China. ; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. roeder@rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26659056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Polymerase II/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription Elongation, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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