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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naeem, Shahid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):913-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1154770.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. sn2121@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; *Grasshoppers ; Photosynthesis ; *Plants/metabolism ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Spiders
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Sub-sea-floor sediments may contain two-thirds of Earth's total prokaryotic biomass. However, this has its basis in data extrapolation from ~500-meter to 4-kilometer depths, whereas the deepest documented prokaryotes are from only 842 meters. Here, we provide evidence for low concentrations of living prokaryotic cells in the deepest (1626 meters below the sea floor), oldest (111 million years old), and potentially hottest (~100 degrees C) marine sediments investigated. These Newfoundland margin sediments also have DNA sequences related to thermophilic and/or hyperthermophilic Archaea. These form two unique clusters within Pyrococcus and Thermococcus genera, suggesting unknown, uncultured groups are present in deep, hot, marine sediments (~54 degrees to 100 degrees C). Sequences of anaerobic methane-oxidizing Archaea were also present, suggesting a deep biosphere partly supported by methane. These findings demonstrate that the sub-sea-floor biosphere extends to at least 1600 meters below the sea floor and probably deeper, given an upper temperature limit for prokaryotic life of at least 113 degrees C and increasing thermogenic energy supply with depth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roussel, Erwan G -- Bonavita, Marie-Anne Cambon -- Querellou, Joel -- Cragg, Barry A -- Webster, Gordon -- Prieur, Daniel -- Parkes, R John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1046. doi: 10.1126/science.1154545.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extremes, UMR 6197, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Ifremer, Centre de Brest, BP70, 29280 Plouzane, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaerobiosis ; *Archaea/classification/genetics/physiology ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, rRNA ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Newfoundland and Labrador ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Temperature
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Running, Steven W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):652-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1159607.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, College of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. swr@ntsg.umt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animals ; Atmosphere ; *Carbon ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; Greenhouse Effect ; Humans ; Insects ; *Models, Theoretical ; Photosynthesis ; Seasons ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Mammals are metagenomic in that they are composed of not only their own gene complements but also those of all of their associated microbes. To understand the coevolution of the mammals and their indigenous microbial communities, we conducted a network-based analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from the fecal microbiota of humans and 59 other mammalian species living in two zoos and in the wild. The results indicate that host diet and phylogeny both influence bacterial diversity, which increases from carnivory to omnivory to herbivory; that bacterial communities codiversified with their hosts; and that the gut microbiota of humans living a modern life-style is typical of omnivorous primates.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649005/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649005/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ley, Ruth E -- Hamady, Micah -- Lozupone, Catherine -- Turnbaugh, Peter J -- Ramey, Rob Roy -- Bircher, J Stephen -- Schlegel, Michael L -- Tucker, Tammy A -- Schrenzel, Mark D -- Knight, Rob -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK70977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK78669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK030292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK030292-24/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070977-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM065103/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM065103-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM065103/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1647-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1155725. Epub 2008 May 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/classification/genetics/microbiology ; Animals, Zoo/classification/genetics/microbiology ; Bacteria/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; Carnivora/classification/genetics/microbiology ; *Diet ; Feces/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Genes, rRNA ; Humans ; Mammals/classification/genetics/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Primates/classification/genetics/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2008-08-16
    Description: Plants and animals sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and in turn differentially regulate a subset of microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the extent to which the miRNA pathway contributes to innate immunity remains unknown. Here, we show that miRNA-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis partly restore growth of a type III secretion-defective mutant of Pseudomonas syringae. These mutants also sustained growth of nonpathogenic Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli strains, implicating miRNAs as key components of plant basal defense. Accordingly, we have identified P. syringae effectors that suppress transcriptional activation of some PAMP-responsive miRNAs or miRNA biogenesis, stability, or activity. These results provide evidence that, like viruses, bacteria have evolved to suppress RNA silencing to cause disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570098/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2570098/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Navarro, Lionel -- Jay, Florence -- Nomura, Kinya -- He, Sheng Yang -- Voinnet, Olivier -- 5R01AI060761/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060761/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060761-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 15;321(5891):964-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1159505.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Biologie Moleculaire des Plantes, CNRS UPR 2353-Universite Louis Pasteur, 12 Rue du General Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18703740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/immunology/*microbiology/virology ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/growth & development ; Immunity, Innate ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Plant Diseases/immunology/*microbiology ; Plant Leaves/metabolism/microbiology ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Potyvirus/physiology ; Pseudomonas fluorescens/growth & development ; Pseudomonas syringae/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism/pathogenicity ; RNA Interference ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Plant/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-09-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roy, Kaustuv -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 12;321(5895):1451-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1163097.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. kroy@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Climate ; Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Greenhouse Effect ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Stochastic Processes ; Temperature
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-07-16
    Description: The bacterium Proteus mirabilis is capable of movement on solid surfaces by a type of motility called swarming. Boundaries form between swarming colonies of different P. mirabilis strains but not between colonies of a single strain. A fundamental requirement for boundary formation is the ability to discriminate between self and nonself. We have isolated mutants that form boundaries with their parent. The mutations map within a six-gene locus that we term ids for identification of self. Five of the genes in the ids locus are required for recognition of the parent strain as self. Three of the ids genes are interchangeable between strains, and two encode specific molecular identifiers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2567286/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2567286/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbs, Karine A -- Urbanowski, Mark L -- Greenberg, E Peter -- AI55396/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI055396-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI055396-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):256-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1160033.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18621670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Genome, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Multigene Family ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Mutation ; Proteus mirabilis/*genetics/*physiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2008-06-28
    Description: Samples from a 1.76-kilometer-deep corehole drilled near the center of the late Eocene Chesapeake Bay impact structure (Virginia, USA) reveal its geologic, hydrologic, and biologic history. We conducted stratigraphic and petrologic analyses of the cores to elucidate the timing and results of impact-melt creation and distribution, transient-cavity collapse, and ocean-water resurge. Comparison of post-impact sedimentary sequences inside and outside the structure indicates that compaction of the crater fill influenced long-term sedimentation patterns in the mid-Atlantic region. Salty connate water of the target remains in the crater fill today, where it poses a potential threat to the regional groundwater resource. Observed depth variations in microbial abundance indicate a complex history of impact-related thermal sterilization and habitat modification, and subsequent post-impact repopulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gohn, G S -- Koeberl, C -- Miller, K G -- Reimold, W U -- Browning, J V -- Cockell, C S -- Horton, J W Jr -- Kenkmann, T -- Kulpecz, A A -- Powars, D S -- Sanford, W E -- Voytek, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 27;320(5884):1740-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1158708.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA. ggohn@usgs.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18583604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; *Ecosystem ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry/*microbiology ; Hot Temperature ; Salinity ; Seawater ; Time ; Virginia
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2008-06-17
    Description: The world's forests influence climate through physical, chemical, and biological processes that affect planetary energetics, the hydrologic cycle, and atmospheric composition. These complex and nonlinear forest-atmosphere interactions can dampen or amplify anthropogenic climate change. Tropical, temperate, and boreal reforestation and afforestation attenuate global warming through carbon sequestration. Biogeophysical feedbacks can enhance or diminish this negative climate forcing. Tropical forests mitigate warming through evaporative cooling, but the low albedo of boreal forests is a positive climate forcing. The evaporative effect of temperate forests is unclear. The net climate forcing from these and other processes is not known. Forests are under tremendous pressure from global change. Interdisciplinary science that integrates knowledge of the many interacting climate services of forests with the impacts of global change is necessary to identify and understand as yet unexplored feedbacks in the Earth system and the potential of forests to mitigate climate change.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonan, Gordon B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 13;320(5882):1444-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1155121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80307, USA. bonan@ucar.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556546" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Atmosphere ; Carbon ; *Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; Research ; Temperature ; *Trees ; Tropical Climate
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tewksbury, Joshua J -- Huey, Raymond B -- Deutsch, Curtis A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1296-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1159328.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Amphibians/*physiology ; Animals ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; Geography ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Reptiles/*physiology ; Seasons ; Seawater ; Temperature ; *Tropical Climate
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 4;321(5885):31-3. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5885.31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599753" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use ; Apnea/physiopathology ; Brain/physiopathology ; Death, Sudden/epidemiology/*etiology ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy/drug therapy/genetics/*physiopathology ; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/drug therapy/genetics/*physiopathology ; Heart Arrest/physiopathology ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Serotonin/physiology ; Sodium Channels/genetics
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-01-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schreiber, Hans -- Rowley, Donald A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):164-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1153713.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. hszz@midway.uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics/*immunology ; Autoantigens/*immunology ; Autoimmunity ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Histones/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics/*immunology/therapy
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2008-03-01
    Description: The blue-emissive antibody EP2-19G2 that has been elicited against trans-stilbene has unprecedented ability to produce bright luminescence and has been used as a biosensor in various applications. We show that the prolonged luminescence is not stilbene fluorescence. Instead, the emissive species is a charge-transfer excited complex of an anionic stilbene and a cationic, parallel pi-stacked tryptophan. Upon charge recombination, this complex generates exceptionally bright blue light. Complex formation is enabled by a deeply penetrating ligand-binding pocket, which in turn results from a noncanonical interface between the two variable domains of the antibody.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Debler, Erik W -- Kaufmann, Gunnar F -- Meijler, Michael M -- Heine, Andreas -- Mee, Jenny M -- Pljevaljcic, Goran -- Di Bilio, Angel J -- Schultz, Peter G -- Millar, David P -- Janda, Kim D -- Wilson, Ian A -- Gray, Harry B -- Lerner, Richard A -- DK19038/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM38273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM56528/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM038273/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1232-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1153445.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal/*chemistry/genetics/immunology ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Electrons ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescence Polarization ; Haptens/chemistry/immunology ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/*chemistry/immunology ; Ligands ; Luminescence ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Spectrum Analysis ; Stilbenes/*chemistry/immunology ; Tryptophan/chemistry
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grula, John W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1633. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5908.1633.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; DNA Transposable Elements ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; History, 20th Century
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: Group II introns are self-splicing ribozymes that catalyze their own excision from precursor transcripts and insertion into new genetic locations. Here we report the crystal structure of an intact, self-spliced group II intron from Oceanobacillus iheyensis at 3.1 angstrom resolution. An extensive network of tertiary interactions facilitates the ordered packing of intron subdomains around a ribozyme core that includes catalytic domain V. The bulge of domain V adopts an unusual helical structure that is located adjacent to a major groove triple helix (catalytic triplex). The bulge and catalytic triplex jointly coordinate two divalent metal ions in a configuration that is consistent with a two-metal ion mechanism for catalysis. Structural and functional analogies support the hypothesis that group II introns and the spliceosome share a common ancestor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406475/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406475/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Toor, Navtej -- Keating, Kevin S -- Taylor, Sean D -- Pyle, Anna Marie -- GM50313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM050313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T15 LM07056/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):77-82. doi: 10.1126/science.1153803.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, Bass Building, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. navtej.toor@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Bacillaceae/chemistry/*genetics ; Base Pairing ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Introns ; Ligands ; Magnesium/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Phylogeny ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Bacterial/*chemistry/metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/metabolism ; Spliceosomes/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: Ribonucleoprotein complexes consisting of Argonaute-like proteins and small regulatory RNAs function in a wide range of biological processes. Many of these small regulatory RNAs are predicted to act, at least in part, within the nucleus. We conducted a genetic screen to identify factors essential for RNA interference (RNAi) in nuclei of Caenorhabditis elegans and identified the Argonaute protein NRDE-3. In the absence of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), NRDE-3 resides in the cytoplasm. NRDE-3 binds siRNAs generated by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases acting on messenger RNA templates in the cytoplasm and redistributes to the nucleus. Nuclear redistribution of NRDE-3 requires a functional nuclear localization signal, is required for nuclear RNAi, and results in NRDE-3 association with nuclear-localized nascent transcripts. Thus, specific Argonaute proteins can transport specific classes of small regulatory RNAs to distinct cellular compartments to regulate gene expression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771369/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771369/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guang, Shouhong -- Bochner, Aaron F -- Pavelec, Derek M -- Burkhart, Kirk B -- Harding, Sandra -- Lachowiec, Jennifer -- Kennedy, Scott -- R01 GM076619/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076619-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076619-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076619-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM088289/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM088289-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007133/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007133-24/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007133-25/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007133-26/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007133-27/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):537-41. doi: 10.1126/science.1157647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653886" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/embryology/*genetics/growth & development/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Genes, Helminth ; Mutation ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *RNA Interference ; RNA Precursors/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Replicase/metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Helminth/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2008-01-26
    Description: Differential cytosine methylation of repeats and genes is important for coordination of genome stability and proper gene expression. Through genetic screen of mutants showing ectopic cytosine methylation in a genic region, we identified a jmjC-domain gene, IBM1 (increase in bonsai methylation 1), in Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition to the ectopic cytosine methylation, the ibm1 mutations induced a variety of developmental phenotypes, which depend on methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9. Paradoxically, the developmental phenotypes of the ibm1 were enhanced by the mutation in the chromatin-remodeling gene DDM1 (decrease in DNA methylation 1), which is necessary for keeping methylation and silencing of repeated heterochromatin loci. Our results demonstrate the importance of chromatin remodeling and histone modifications in the differential epigenetic control of repeats and genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saze, Hidetoshi -- Shiraishi, Akiko -- Miura, Asuka -- Kakutani, Tetsuji -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 25;319(5862):462-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1150987.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan. hsaze@lab.nig.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly ; Cytosine/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Silencing ; Genes, Plant ; Heterochromatin/metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements ; Methylation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2008-07-26
    Description: Membrane and secretory proteins cotranslationally enter and are folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Misfolded or unassembled proteins are discarded by a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD), which involves their retrotranslocation into the cytosol. ERAD substrates frequently contain disulfide bonds that must be cleaved before their retrotranslocation. Here, we found that an ER-resident protein ERdj5 had a reductase activity, cleaved the disulfide bonds of misfolded proteins, and accelerated ERAD through its physical and functional associations with EDEM (ER degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like protein) and an ER-resident chaperone BiP. Thus, ERdj5 is a member of a supramolecular ERAD complex that recognizes and unfolds misfolded proteins for their efficient retrotranslocation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ushioda, Ryo -- Hoseki, Jun -- Araki, Kazutaka -- Jansen, Gregor -- Thomas, David Y -- Nagata, Kazuhiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 25;321(5888):569-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1159293.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18653895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Glutathione/metabolism ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin J-Chains/chemistry/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Chaperones/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Disulfide Reductase (Glutathione)/metabolism ; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transfection ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: Vibrio cholerae RTX (repeats in toxin) is an actin-disrupting toxin that is autoprocessed by an internal cysteine protease domain (CPD). The RTX CPD is efficiently activated by the eukaryote-specific small molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6), and we present the 2.1 angstrom structure of the RTX CPD in complex with InsP6. InsP6 binds to a conserved basic cleft that is distant from the protease active site. Biochemical and kinetic analyses of CPD mutants indicate that InsP6 binding induces an allosteric switch that leads to the autoprocessing and intracellular release of toxin-effector domains.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272704/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272704/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lupardus, Patrick J -- Shen, Aimee -- Bogyo, Matthew -- Garcia, K Christopher -- R01 AI078947/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078947-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB005011/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB005011-06/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB005011-07/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- U54RR020843/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):265-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1162403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Bacterial Toxins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Models, Molecular ; Phytic Acid/*metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Surface Plasmon Resonance ; Vibrio cholerae/*chemistry
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2008-04-19
    Description: Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a molecular signature of most viruses, and triggers inflammatory responses that prevent viral spread. TLR3 ectodomains (ECDs) dimerize on oligonucleotides of at least 40 to 50 base pairs in length, the minimal length required for signal transduction. To establish the molecular basis for ligand binding and signaling, we determined the crystal structure of a complex between two mouse TLR3-ECDs and dsRNA at 3.4 angstrom resolution. Each TLR3-ECD binds dsRNA at two sites located at opposite ends of the TLR3 horseshoe, and an intermolecular contact between the two TLR3-ECD C-terminal domains coordinates and stabilizes the dimer. This juxtaposition could mediate downstream signaling by dimerizing the cytoplasmic Toll interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains. The overall shape of the TLR3-ECD does not change upon binding to dsRNA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761030/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761030/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Lin -- Botos, Istvan -- Wang, Yan -- Leonard, Joshua N -- Shiloach, Joseph -- Segal, David M -- Davies, David R -- Z01 BC009254-33/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):379-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1155406.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA, Double-Stranded/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 3/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valiela, Ivan -- Fox, Sophia E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 18;319(5861):290-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1153477.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecosystems Center and Boston University Marine Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. ivaliela@mbl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Ecosystem ; *Penaeidae ; *Rhizophoraceae ; Thailand ; Trees ; Water Movements ; *Wetlands
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  • 22
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: The biogeographic variation of life has predominantly been studied using taxonomy, but this focus is changing. There is a resurging interest in understanding patterns in the distribution not only of taxa but also of the traits those taxa possess. Patterns of trait variation shed light on fundamental questions in biology, including why organisms live where they do and how they will respond to environmental change. Technological advances such as environmental genomics place microbial ecology in a unique position to move trait-based biogeography forward. We anticipate that as trait-based biogeography continues to evolve, micro- and macroorganisms will be studied in concert, establishing a science that is informed by and relevant to all domains of life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Jessica L -- Bohannan, Brendan J M -- Whitaker, Rachel J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1039-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1153475.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA. jlgreen@uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaea/classification/genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Bacteria/*classification/genetics/metabolism ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biodiversity ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Gene Dosage ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genomics ; Plant Physiological Phenomena
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2008-11-01
    Description: Spatial self-organization is the main theoretical explanation for the global occurrence of regular or otherwise coherent spatial patterns in ecosystems. Using mussel beds as a model ecosystem, we provide an experimental demonstration of spatial self-organization. Under homogeneous laboratory conditions, mussels developed regular patterns, similar to those in the field. An individual-based model derived from our experiments showed that interactions between individuals explained the observed patterns. Furthermore, a field study showed that pattern formation affected ecosystem-level processes in terms of improved growth and resistance to wave action. Our results imply that spatial self-organization is an important determinant of the structure and functioning of ecosystems, and it needs to be considered in their conservation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van de Koppel, Johan -- Gascoigne, Joanna C -- Theraulaz, Guy -- Rietkerk, Max -- Mooij, Wolf M -- Herman, Peter M J -- D18866/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 31;322(5902):739-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1163952.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Spatial Ecology Department, the Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Post Office Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, Netherlands. J.vandeKoppel@nioo.knaw.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974353" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Bivalvia/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Models, Biological ; Movement ; Population Dynamics ; Spatial Behavior ; Wales
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: Cadherin-mediated cell adhesion and signaling is essential for metazoan development and yet is absent from all other multicellular organisms. We found cadherin genes at numbers similar to those observed in complex metazoans in one of the closest single-celled relatives of metazoans, the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis. Because the evolution of metazoans from a single-celled ancestor required novel cell adhesion and signaling mechanisms, the discovery of diverse cadherins in choanoflagellates suggests that cadherins may have contributed to metazoan origins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abedin, Monika -- King, Nicole -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):946-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1151084.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276888" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Cadherins/*chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Ciona intestinalis/chemistry ; Cnidaria/chemistry ; Drosophila melanogaster/chemistry ; Eukaryota/*chemistry ; Eukaryotic Cells/*chemistry/physiology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Tyrosine/metabolism ; src Homology Domains
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: Biological feedback mechanisms regulate fundamental ecosystem processes and potentially regulate ecosystem productivity. To date, no studies have documented the down-regulation of terrestrial nitrogen (N) fixation via an ecosystem-level feedback mechanism. Herein, we demonstrate such a feedback in boreal forests. Rapid cycling of N in early secondary succession forests yielded greater throughfall N deposition, which in turn decreased N fixation by cyanobacterial associates in feather moss carpets that reside on the forest floor. The forest canopy exerts a tight control on biotic N input at a period of high productivity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLuca, Thomas H -- Zackrisson, Olle -- Gundale, Michael J -- Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1181. doi: 10.1126/science.1154836.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Economics Research Department, The Wilderness Society, 503 West Mendenhall, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA. tom_deluca@tws.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Nitrogen Fixation ; *Trees
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2008-03-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1178-9. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5867.1178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity ; *Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission/*virology ; Mutation
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2008-10-04
    Description: Ceramide engagement in apoptotic pathways has been a topic of controversy. To address this controversy, we tested loss-of-function (lf) mutants of conserved genes of sphingolipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Although somatic (developmental) apoptosis was unaffected, ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis of germ cells was obliterated upon inactivation of ceramide synthase and restored upon microinjection of long-chain natural ceramide. Radiation-induced increase in the concentration of ceramide localized to mitochondria and was required for BH3-domain protein EGL-1-mediated displacement of CED-4 (an APAF-1-like protein) from the CED-9 (a Bcl-2 family member)/CED-4 complex, an obligate step in activation of the CED-3 caspase. These studies define CEP-1 (the worm homolog of the tumor suppressor p53)-mediated accumulation of EGL-1 and ceramide synthase-mediated generation of ceramide through parallel pathways that integrate at mitochondrial membranes to regulate stress-induced apoptosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2585063/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2585063/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deng, Xinzhu -- Yin, Xianglei -- Allan, Richard -- Lu, Diane D -- Maurer, Carine W -- Haimovitz-Friedman, Adriana -- Fuks, Zvi -- Shaham, Shai -- Kolesnick, Richard -- 2R01HD42680-06/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- CA105125-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA85704/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA085704/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA085704-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD042680/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD042680-07/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 3;322(5898):110-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1158111.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18832646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*cytology/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ceramides/biosynthesis/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Genes, Helminth ; Germ Cells/*cytology/metabolism/radiation effects ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nuclear Envelope/metabolism ; Oxidoreductases/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism ; *Radiation, Ionizing ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2008-12-20
    Description: The repeated discovery of adult dinosaurs in close association with egg clutches leads to speculation over the type and extent of care exhibited by these extinct animals for their eggs and young. To assess parental care in Cretaceous troodontid and oviraptorid dinosaurs, we examined clutch volume and the bone histology of brooding adults. In comparison to four archosaur care regressions, the relatively large clutch volumes of Troodon, Oviraptor, and Citipati scale most closely with a bird-paternal care model. Clutch-associated adults lack the maternal and reproductively associated histologic features common to extant archosaurs. Large clutch volumes and a suite of reproductive features shared only with birds favor paternal care, possibly within a polygamous mating system. Paternal care in both troodontids and oviraptorids indicates that this care system evolved before the emergence of birds and represents birds' ancestral condition. In extant birds and over most adult sizes, paternal and biparental care correspond to the largest and smallest relative clutch volumes, respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Varricchio, David J -- Moore, Jason R -- Erickson, Gregory M -- Norell, Mark A -- Jackson, Frankie D -- Borkowski, John J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1826-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1163245.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. djv@montana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/physiology ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Clutch Size ; *Dinosaurs/physiology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Male ; Maternal Behavior ; *Nesting Behavior ; Paternal Behavior ; Regression Analysis ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Taguchi et al. (Reports, 20 July 2007, p. 369) reported that mice heterozygous for a null mutation in insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) display a 17% increase in median life span. However, using the same mouse model, we find no evidence for life-span extension and suggest that the findings of Taguchi et al. were due to atypical life-span profiles in their study animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Selman, Colin -- Lingard, Steven -- Gems, David -- Partridge, Linda -- Withers, Dominic J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1012; author reply 1012. doi: 10.1126/science.1152366.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Crosses, Genetic ; Diet ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mutation ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Research Design ; Signal Transduction
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2008-04-12
    Description: Cytidine deaminases of the APOBEC3 family all have specificity for single-stranded DNA, which may become exposed during replication or transcription of double-stranded DNA. Three human APOBEC3A (hA3A), hA3B, and hA3H genes are expressed in keratinocytes and skin, leading us to determine whether genetic editing of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA occurred. In a study of HPV1a plantar warts and HPV16 precancerous cervical biopsies, hyperedited HPV1a and HPV16 genomes were found. Strictly analogous results were obtained from transfection experiments with HPV plasmid DNA and the three nuclear localized enzymes: hA3A, hA3C, and hA3H. Thus, stochastic or transient overexpression of APOBEC3 genes may expose the genome to a broad spectrum of mutations that could influence the development of tumors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vartanian, Jean-Pierre -- Guetard, Denise -- Henry, Michel -- Wain-Hobson, Simon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):230-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1153201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Retrovirology Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue de Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cervix Uteri/virology ; Cytidine/metabolism ; Cytosine Deaminase/*metabolism ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; DNA, Viral/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Genome, Viral ; Human papillomavirus 16/*genetics ; Humans ; Mupapillomavirus/*genetics ; Mutation ; Papillomavirus Infections/enzymology/virology ; Precancerous Conditions/enzymology/*virology ; Transfection ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/enzymology/*virology ; Warts/enzymology/*virology
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-03-29
    Description: The gradual modification of transcription circuits over evolutionary time scales is an important source of the diversity of life. Over the past decade, studies in animals have shown how seemingly small molecular changes in gene regulation can have large effects on morphology and physiology and how selective pressures can act on these changes. More recently, genome-wide studies, particularly those in single-cell yeasts, have uncovered evidence of extensive transcriptional rewiring, indicating that even closely related organisms regulate their genes using markedly different circuitries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tuch, Brian B -- Li, Hao -- Johnson, Alexander D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 28;319(5871):1797-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1152398.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369141" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; Humans ; Mutation ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2008-11-01
    Description: Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) facilitate nucleocytoplasmic transport. These massive assemblies comprise an eightfold symmetric scaffold of architectural proteins and central-channel phenylalanine-glycine-repeat proteins forming the transport barrier. We determined the nucleoporin 85 (Nup85)*Seh1 structure, a module in the heptameric Nup84 complex, at 3.5 angstroms resolution. Structural, biochemical, and genetic analyses position the Nup84 complex in two peripheral NPC rings. We establish a conserved tripartite element, the ancestral coatomer element ACE1, that reoccurs in several nucleoporins and vesicle coat proteins, providing structural evidence of coevolution from a common ancestor. We identified interactions that define the organization of the Nup84 complex on the basis of comparison with vesicle coats and confirmed the sites by mutagenesis. We propose that the NPC scaffold, like vesicle coats, is composed of polygons with vertices and edges forming a membrane-proximal lattice that provides docking sites for additional nucleoporins.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680690/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680690/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brohawn, Stephen G -- Leksa, Nina C -- Spear, Eric D -- Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R -- Schwartz, Thomas U -- GM68762/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM77537/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077537/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM077537-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1369-73. doi: 10.1126/science.1165886. Epub 2008 Oct 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Coated Vesicles/*chemistry ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Evolution, Molecular ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; Nuclear Pore/*chemistry ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/*chemistry
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: During the development of multicellular organisms, organogenesis and pattern formation depend on formative divisions to specify and maintain pools of stem cells. In higher plants, these activities are essential to shape the final root architecture because the functioning of root apical meristems and the de novo formation of lateral roots entirely rely on it. We used transcript profiling on sorted pericycle cells undergoing lateral root initiation to identify the receptor-like kinase ACR4 of Arabidopsis as a key factor both in promoting formative cell divisions in the pericycle and in constraining the number of these divisions once organogenesis has been started. In the root tip meristem, ACR4 shows a similar action by controlling cell proliferation activity in the columella cell lineage. Thus, ACR4 function reveals a common mechanism of formative cell division control in the main root tip meristem and during lateral root initiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Smet, Ive -- Vassileva, Valya -- De Rybel, Bert -- Levesque, Mitchell P -- Grunewald, Wim -- Van Damme, Daniel -- Van Noorden, Giel -- Naudts, Mirande -- Van Isterdael, Gert -- De Clercq, Rebecca -- Wang, Jean Y -- Meuli, Nicholas -- Vanneste, Steffen -- Friml, Jiri -- Hilson, Pierre -- Jurgens, Gerd -- Ingram, Gwyneth C -- Inze, Dirk -- Benfey, Philip N -- Beeckman, Tom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):594-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1160158.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*cytology/*enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Arabidopsis Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes, Plant ; Meristem/*cytology/enzymology/growth & development ; Mutation ; Plant Roots/*cytology/enzymology/growth & development ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/*metabolism
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dodge, Richard E -- Birkeland, Charles -- Hatziolos, Marea -- Kleypas, Joan -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove -- van Woesik, Rob -- Ogden, John C -- Aronson, Richard B -- Causey, Billy D -- Staub, Francis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):189-90. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5899.189b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845729" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Pollution ; Fisheries/legislation & jurisprudence ; Public Policy
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  • 35
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paerl, Hans W -- Huisman, Jef -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):57-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1155398.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA. hpaerl@email.unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate ; Cyanobacteria/*growth & development/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect ; Salinity ; Temperature ; *Water Microbiology
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Margoliash, Daniel -- Hale, Melina E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):347-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1161775.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. dan@bigbird.uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Batrachoidiformes/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; Learning ; Motor Neurons/cytology ; Nerve Net/*cytology ; Neurons/*cytology ; Rhombencephalon/cytology ; Spinal Cord/cytology ; Vertebrates/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Vocalization, Animal
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: The management and conservation of the world's oceans require synthesis of spatial data on the distribution and intensity of human activities and the overlap of their impacts on marine ecosystems. We developed an ecosystem-specific, multiscale spatial model to synthesize 17 global data sets of anthropogenic drivers of ecological change for 20 marine ecosystems. Our analysis indicates that no area is unaffected by human influence and that a large fraction (41%) is strongly affected by multiple drivers. However, large areas of relatively little human impact remain, particularly near the poles. The analytical process and resulting maps provide flexible tools for regional and global efforts to allocate conservation resources; to implement ecosystem-based management; and to inform marine spatial planning, education, and basic research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halpern, Benjamin S -- Walbridge, Shaun -- Selkoe, Kimberly A -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- D'Agrosa, Caterina -- Bruno, John F -- Casey, Kenneth S -- Ebert, Colin -- Fox, Helen E -- Fujita, Rod -- Heinemann, Dennis -- Lenihan, Hunter S -- Madin, Elizabeth M P -- Perry, Matthew T -- Selig, Elizabeth R -- Spalding, Mark -- Steneck, Robert -- Watson, Reg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):948-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1149345.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State Street, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA. halpern@nceas.ucsb.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Models, Theoretical ; Oceans and Seas
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hartzell, H Criss -- R01 EY014852/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014852-08/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060448/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060448-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):534-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1165668.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. criss.hartzell@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948525" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bronchi/cytology/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Chloride Channels/genetics/*metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Epithelial Cells/*metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-4/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; RNA Interference
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-06-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pain, Elisabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 13;320(5882):1516. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5882.1516.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556564" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Humans ; *Plant Development ; *Research ; *Trees
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doyle, Martin W -- Stanley, Emily H -- Havlick, David G -- Kaiser, Mark J -- Steinbach, George -- Graf, William L -- Galloway, Gerald E -- Riggsbee, J Adam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 18;319(5861):286-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1149852.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. mwdoyle@email.unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Public Policy ; United States
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-11-08
    Description: Genetic mapping provides a powerful approach to identify genes and biological processes underlying any trait influenced by inheritance, including human diseases. We discuss the intellectual foundations of genetic mapping of Mendelian and complex traits in humans, examine lessons emerging from linkage analysis of Mendelian diseases and genome-wide association studies of common diseases, and discuss questions and challenges that lie ahead.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694957/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694957/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altshuler, David -- Daly, Mark J -- Lander, Eric S -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 7;322(5903):881-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1156409.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. altshuler@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18988837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Disease/*genetics ; Genetic Linkage ; *Genome, Human ; *Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Mutation ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Risk Factors ; Selection, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2008-05-03
    Description: Golgins, long stringlike proteins, tether cisternae and transport vesicles at the Golgi apparatus. We examined the attachment of golgin GMAP-210 to lipid membranes. GMAP-210 connected highly curved liposomes to flatter ones. This asymmetric tethering relied on motifs that sensed membrane curvature both in the N terminus of GMAP-210 and in ArfGAP1, which controlled the interaction of the C terminus of GMAP-210 with the small guanine nucleotide-binding protein Arf1. Because membrane curvature constantly changes during vesicular trafficking, this mode of tethering suggests a way to maintain the Golgi architecture without compromising membrane flow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Drin, Guillaume -- Morello, Vincent -- Casella, Jean-Francois -- Gounon, Pierre -- Antonny, Bruno -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 2;320(5876):670-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1155821.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Universite de Nice Sophia Antipolis and CNRS, 660 route des lucioles, 06560 Valbonne, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/metabolism ; Golgi Apparatus/chemistry/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/*chemistry/metabolism ; Liposomes ; Membrane Lipids/*chemistry ; Nuclear Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2008-12-17
    Description: Dynein motors move various cargos along microtubules within the cytoplasm and power the beating of cilia and flagella. An unusual feature of dynein is that its microtubule-binding domain (MTBD) is separated from its ring-shaped AAA+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) domain by a 15-nanometer coiled-coil stalk. We report the crystal structure of the mouse cytoplasmic dynein MTBD and a portion of the coiled coil, which supports a mechanism by which the ATPase domain and MTBD may communicate through a shift in the heptad registry of the coiled coil. Surprisingly, functional data suggest that the MTBD, and not the ATPase domain, is the main determinant of the direction of dynein motility.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663340/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663340/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter, Andrew P -- Garbarino, Joan E -- Wilson-Kubalek, Elizabeth M -- Shipley, Wesley E -- Cho, Carol -- Milligan, Ronald A -- Vale, Ronald D -- Gibbons, I R -- GM30401-29/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM52468/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AR042895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AR042895-15/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P01-AR42895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR-17573/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM097312/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 12;322(5908):1691-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1164424.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Dyneins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: The earliest step in creating the cerebral cortex is the specification of neuroepithelium to a cortical fate. Using mouse genetic mosaics and timed inactivations, we demonstrated that Lhx2 acts as a classic selector gene and essential intrinsic determinant of cortical identity. Lhx2 selector activity is restricted to an early critical period when stem cells comprise the cortical neuroepithelium, where it acts cell-autonomously to specify cortical identity and suppress alternative fates in a spatially dependent manner. Laterally, Lhx2 null cells adopt antihem identity, whereas medially they become cortical hem cells, which can induce and organize ectopic hippocampal fields. In addition to providing functional evidence for Lhx2 selector activity, these findings show that the cortical hem is a hippocampal organizer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2494603/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2494603/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mangale, Vishakha S -- Hirokawa, Karla E -- Satyaki, Prasad R V -- Gokulchandran, Nandini -- Chikbire, Satyadeep -- Subramanian, Lakshmi -- Shetty, Ashwin S -- Martynoga, Ben -- Paul, Jolly -- Mai, Mark V -- Li, Yuqing -- Flanagan, Lisa A -- Tole, Shubha -- Monuki, Edwin S -- 056684/Z/99/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- AG23583/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH02029/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS053511/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS07444/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 18;319(5861):304-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1151695.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Aggregation ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*embryology/metabolism ; Chimera ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Embryonic Induction ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Epithelium/embryology/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Hippocampus/cytology/*embryology ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; LIM-Homeodomain Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Neuroepithelial Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Organizers, Embryonic/embryology/*physiology ; Prosencephalon/embryology/metabolism ; Pyramidal Cells/cytology/embryology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Telencephalon/cytology/embryology ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/*metabolism
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2008-03-15
    Description: DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) is the world's most widely used topical insect repellent, with broad effectiveness against most insects. Its mechanism of action and molecular target remain unknown. Here, we show that DEET blocks electrophysiological responses of olfactory sensory neurons to attractive odors in Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster. DEET inhibits behavioral attraction to food odors in Drosophila, and this inhibition requires the highly conserved olfactory co-receptor OR83b. DEET inhibits odor-evoked currents mediated by the insect odorant receptor complex, comprising a ligand-binding subunit and OR83b. We conclude that DEET masks host odor by inhibiting subsets of heteromeric insect odorant receptors that require the OR83b co-receptor. The identification of candidate molecular targets for the action of DEET may aid in the design of safer and more effective insect repellents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ditzen, Mathias -- Pellegrino, Maurizio -- Vosshall, Leslie B -- DC008600/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 28;319(5871):1838-42. doi: 10.1126/science.1153121. Epub 2008 Mar 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 63, New York, NY 10065 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18339904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles gambiae/*drug effects/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; DEET/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Drosophila Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*drug effects/genetics/physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Feeding Behavior/drug effects ; Food ; Insect Repellents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Ligands ; Mutation ; Odors ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/*drug effects/physiology ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptors, Odorant/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: Purines are synthesized de novo in 10 chemical steps that are catalyzed by six enzymes in eukaryotes. Studies in vitro have provided little evidence of anticipated protein-protein interactions that would enable substrate channeling and regulation of the metabolic flux. We applied fluorescence microscopy to HeLa cells and discovered that all six enzymes colocalize to form clusters in the cellular cytoplasm. The association and dissociation of these enzyme clusters can be regulated dynamically, by either changing the purine levels of or adding exogenous agents to the culture media. Collectively, the data provide strong evidence for the formation of a multi-enzyme complex, the "purinosome," to carry out de novo purine biosynthesis in cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉An, Songon -- Kumar, Ravindra -- Sheets, Erin D -- Benkovic, Stephen J -- R21 AG030949/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R21 AG030949-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):103-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1152241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. sua13@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Azaserine/pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases/genetics/*metabolism ; Carbon-Nitrogen Ligases with Glutamine as Amide-N-Donor/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Culture Media ; Cytoplasm/*enzymology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Multienzyme Complexes/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphoribosylglycinamide Formyltransferase/genetics/*metabolism ; Purines/*biosynthesis ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2008-03-01
    Description: Carbon dioxide (CO2) elicits different olfactory behaviors across species. In Drosophila, neurons that detect CO2 are located in the antenna, form connections in a ventral glomerulus in the antennal lobe, and mediate avoidance. By contrast, in the mosquito these neurons are in the maxillary palps (MPs), connect to medial sites, and promote attraction. We found in Drosophila that loss of a microRNA, miR-279, leads to formation of CO2 neurons in the MPs. miR-279 acts through down-regulation of the transcription factor Nerfin-1. The ectopic neurons are hybrid cells. They express CO2 receptors and form connections characteristic of CO2 neurons, while exhibiting wiring and receptor characteristics of MP olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). We propose that this hybrid ORN reveals a cellular intermediate in the evolution of species-specific behaviors elicited by CO2.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2714168/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2714168/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cayirlioglu, Pelin -- Kadow, Ilona Grunwald -- Zhan, Xiaoli -- Okamura, Katsutomo -- Suh, Greg S B -- Gunning, Dorian -- Lai, Eric C -- Zipursky, S Lawrence -- DC006485/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083300/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1256-60. doi: 10.1126/science.1149483.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18309086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3' Untranslated Regions ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Carbon Dioxide/*analysis/metabolism ; Drosophila/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hybrid Cells/physiology ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/cytology/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Sense Organs/physiology ; Species Specificity ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2008-05-03
    Description: Hepcidin, a liver-derived protein that restricts enteric iron absorption, is the key regulator of body iron content. Several proteins induce expression of the hepcidin-encoding gene Hamp in response to infection or high levels of iron. However, mechanism(s) of Hamp suppression during iron depletion are poorly understood. We describe mask: a recessive, chemically induced mutant mouse phenotype, characterized by progressive loss of body (but not facial) hair and microcytic anemia. The mask phenotype results from reduced absorption of dietary iron caused by high levels of hepcidin and is due to a splicing defect in the transmembrane serine protease 6 gene Tmprss6. Overexpression of normal TMPRSS6 protein suppresses activation of the Hamp promoter, and the TMPRSS6 cytoplasmic domain mediates Hamp suppression via proximal promoter element(s). TMPRSS6 is an essential component of a pathway that detects iron deficiency and blocks Hamp transcription, permitting enhanced dietary iron absorption.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2430097/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2430097/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Du, Xin -- She, Ellen -- Gelbart, Terri -- Truksa, Jaroslav -- Lee, Pauline -- Xia, Yu -- Khovananth, Kevin -- Mudd, Suzanne -- Mann, Navjiwan -- Moresco, Eva Marie Y -- Beutler, Ernest -- Beutler, Bruce -- AI054523/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK53505-09/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK053505-09/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI054523/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54 AI054523-019005/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1088-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1157121. Epub 2008 May 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Macrocytic/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hepcidins ; Humans ; Iron/blood/*deficiency/metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Serine Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection
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  • 49
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anbar, Ariel D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1481-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1163100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Earth and Space Exploration and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. anbar@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056967" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Atmosphere ; *Biological Evolution ; Ecosystem ; *Elements ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology ; Fossils ; Iron/analysis ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Prokaryotic Cells/physiology ; Seawater/*chemistry ; Selection, Genetic ; Sulfur/analysis ; Time ; Trace Elements/analysis
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: During cytokinesis, the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) RhoA orchestrates contractile ring assembly and constriction. RhoA signaling is controlled by the central spindle, a set of microtubule bundles that forms between the separating chromosomes. Centralspindlin, a protein complex consisting of the kinesin-6 ZEN-4 and the Rho family GTPase activating protein (GAP) CYK-4, is required for central spindle assembly and cytokinesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the importance of the CYK-4 GAP activity and whether it regulates RhoA remain unclear. We found that two separation-of-function mutations in the GAP domain of CYK-4 lead to cytokinesis defects that mimic centralspindlin loss of function. These defects could be rescued by depletion of the GTPase Rac or its effectors, but not by depletion of RhoA. Thus, inactivation of Rac by centralspindlin functions in parallel with RhoA activation to drive contractile ring constriction during cytokinesis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736296/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2736296/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Canman, Julie C -- Lewellyn, Lindsay -- Laband, Kimberley -- Smerdon, Stephen J -- Desai, Arshad -- Bowerman, Bruce -- Oegema, Karen -- GM058017/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MC_U117584228/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 GM049869/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049869-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM058017/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA067754/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM008666/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1543-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1163086.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. jcanman@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*cytology/embryology/genetics/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cytokinesis ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Helminth ; Kinesin/metabolism ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology/ultrastructure ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1028-30. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5879.1028.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/classification/cytology/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, rRNA ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/isolation & purification ; Porifera/chemistry/*microbiology/*physiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Symbiosis
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2008-09-13
    Description: Halpern et al. (Reports, 15 February 2008, p. 948) integrated spatial data on 17 drivers of change in the oceans to map the global distribution of human impact. Although fishery catches are a dominant driver, the data reflect activity while impacts occur at different space and time scales. Failure to account for this spatial disconnection could lead to potentially misleading conclusions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heath, Michael R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 12;321(5895):1446; author reply 1446. doi: 10.1126/science.1157390.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fisheries Research Services, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK. heathmr@marlab.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Food Chain ; *Human Activities ; Humans ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2008-05-20
    Description: Becker et al. (Reports, 14 December 2007, p. 1775) reported that forest amphibians with terrestrial development are less susceptible to the effects of habitat degradation than those with aquatic larvae. However, analysis with more appropriate statistical methods suggests there is no evidence for a difference between aquatic-reproducing and terrestrial-reproducing species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cannatella, David C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 16;320(5878):874; author reply 874. doi: 10.1126/science.1155114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA. catfish@mail.utexas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18487175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amphibians/physiology ; Animals ; *Anura/physiology ; Biodiversity ; Brazil ; *Ecosystem ; Larva ; Population Dynamics ; Regression Analysis ; Reproduction ; Statistics as Topic ; Trees ; Water
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baliga, Nitin S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1297-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1159485.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Systems Biology, 1441 N. 34th Street, Seattle, WA 98103, USA. nbaliga@systemsbiology.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18535232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Computer Simulation ; Directed Molecular Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Escherichia coli/genetics/physiology ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Models, Biological ; Systems Biology
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2008-07-19
    Description: Sleep is an essential process conserved from flies to humans. The importance of sleep is underscored by its tight homeostatic control. Through a forward genetic screen, we identified a gene, sleepless, required for sleep in Drosophila. The sleepless gene encodes a brain-enriched, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. Loss of SLEEPLESS protein caused an extreme (〉80%) reduction in sleep; a moderate reduction in SLEEPLESS had minimal effects on baseline sleep but markedly reduced the amount of recovery sleep after sleep deprivation. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed that quiver, a mutation that impairs Shaker-dependent potassium current, is an allele of sleepless. Consistent with this finding, Shaker protein levels were reduced in sleepless mutants. We propose that SLEEPLESS is a signaling molecule that connects sleep drive to lowered membrane excitability.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771549/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771549/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koh, Kyunghee -- Joiner, William J -- Wu, Mark N -- Yue, Zhifeng -- Smith, Corinne J -- Sehgal, Amita -- AG017628/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG017628/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG017628-070004/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS072431/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):372-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1155942.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols ; Homeostasis ; Longevity ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; *Models, Animal ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; *Sleep/genetics/physiology ; Sleep Deprivation ; Transgenes
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: Exclosure experiments have demonstrated the effects of bird predation on arthropods. In a Mexican coffee plantation, we excluded foliage-gleaning bird and bat predators from coffee plants. Effects of bats and birds were additive. In the dry season, birds reduced arthropods in coffee plants by 30%; birds and bats together reduced arthropods by 46%. In the wet season, bats reduced arthropods by 84%, whereas birds reduced them by only 58%. We conclude that previous "bird" exclosure experiments may have systematically underestimated the effects of bats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams-Guillen, Kimberly -- Perfecto, Ivette -- Vandermeer, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):70. doi: 10.1126/science.1152944.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. kimwg@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods ; *Birds ; *Chiroptera/physiology ; *Climate ; *Coffea ; *Ecosystem ; Insects ; Mexico ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Reproduction ; Seasons
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: Eastern boundary current systems are among the world's most productive large marine ecosystems. Because upwelling currents transport nutrient-rich but oxygen-depleted water onto shallow seas, large expanses of productive continental shelves can be vulnerable to the risk of extreme low-oxygen events. Here, we report the novel rise of water-column shelf anoxia in the northern California Current system, a large marine ecosystem with no previous record of such extreme oxygen deficits. The expansion of anoxia highlights the potential for rapid and discontinuous ecosystem change in productive coastal systems that sustain a major portion of the world's fisheries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, F -- Barth, J A -- Lubchenco, J -- Kirincich, A -- Weeks, H -- Peterson, W T -- Menge, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):920. doi: 10.1126/science.1149016.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA. chanft@science.oregonstate.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/growth & development ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Invertebrates ; *Oxygen ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; *Water Movements
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  • 58
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):178-9. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5899.178b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Mammals/classification ; Marine Biology ; Population Density
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: It is debated whether species-level differences in ecological strategy, which play a key role in much of coexistence theory, are important in structuring highly diverse communities. We examined the co-occurrence patterns of over 1100 tree species in a 25-hectare Amazonian forest plot in relation to field-measured functional traits. Using a null model approach, we show that co-occurring trees are often less ecologically similar than a niche-free (neutral) model predicts. Furthermore, we find evidence for processes that simultaneously drive convergence and divergence in key aspects of plant strategy, suggesting that at least two distinct niche-based processes are occurring. Our results show that strategy differentiation among species contributes to the maintenance of diversity in one of the most diverse tropical forests in the world.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kraft, Nathan J B -- Valencia, Renato -- Ackerly, David D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):580-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1160662.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Nitrogen/analysis ; Plant Leaves/anatomy & histology/chemistry ; Population Dynamics ; Seeds ; *Trees/anatomy & histology/growth & development/physiology ; *Tropical Climate ; Wood
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holmes, Nick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):646-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1162294.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK. nh106@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD45/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/*metabolism ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mutation ; Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb/genetics/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Precursors/genetics ; STAT5 Transcription Factor/genetics/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Portner, Hans O -- Farrell, Anthony P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 31;322(5902):690-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1163156.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Animal Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany. hans.poertner@awi.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18974339" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Body Size ; *Climate ; Cues ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/*physiology ; Food Chain ; Growth ; Oceans and Seas ; Oxygen ; Plankton/*physiology ; Reproduction ; Seasons ; Temperature
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: Membrane transporters that use energy stored in sodium gradients to drive nutrients into cells constitute a major class of proteins. We report the crystal structure of a member of the solute sodium symporters (SSS), the Vibrio parahaemolyticus sodium/galactose symporter (vSGLT). The approximately 3.0 angstrom structure contains 14 transmembrane (TM) helices in an inward-facing conformation with a core structure of inverted repeats of 5 TM helices (TM2 to TM6 and TM7 to TM11). Galactose is bound in the center of the core, occluded from the outside solutions by hydrophobic residues. Surprisingly, the architecture of the core is similar to that of the leucine transporter (LeuT) from a different gene family. Modeling the outward-facing conformation based on the LeuT structure, in conjunction with biophysical data, provides insight into structural rearrangements for active transport.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654663/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654663/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faham, Salem -- Watanabe, Akira -- Besserer, Gabriel Mercado -- Cascio, Duilio -- Specht, Alexandre -- Hirayama, Bruce A -- Wright, Ernest M -- Abramson, Jeff -- DK19567/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK44602/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM07844/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078844/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078844-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078844-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078844-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):810-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1160406. Epub 2008 Jul 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1751, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; Galactose/chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Sodium/chemistry/*metabolism ; Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus/*chemistry/metabolism
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holmgren, Arne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1019-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1159246.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Nobel Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. arne.holmgren@ki.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497281" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; Binding Sites ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Caspase Inhibitors ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Humans ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Mitochondria/enzymology/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; S-Nitrosothiols/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase/*metabolism ; Thioredoxins/*metabolism
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2008-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapron, Guillaume -- Samelius, Gustaf -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 14;322(5904):1049-50; author reply 1049-50. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5904.1049b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19008429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources/legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecology/*legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapron, Guillaume -- Andren, Henrik -- Liberg, Olof -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):47. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5872.47a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18388274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Predatory Behavior ; *Wolves
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):760-3. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5890.760.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Evolution, Molecular ; Exons ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genome ; Humans ; *Mutation ; Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional/*genetics ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics ; Selection, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):196-7. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5886.196.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18621652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Patterning ; DNA/chemistry/genetics ; Developmental Biology ; Environment ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Genomics ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 4;321(5885):24-5. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5885.24b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18599747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Flowers/*growth & development ; Greenhouse Effect ; Massachusetts ; *Plant Development ; Seasons ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charlesworth, Deborah -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1484-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1167573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. deborah.charlesworth@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056969" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; *Biological Evolution ; Centromere/*physiology ; Chromosomes, Plant/*physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Markers ; Heterozygote ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Meiosis ; Mimulus/*genetics/physiology ; Models, Genetic ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2008-01-19
    Description: A common assumption is that ecosystem services respond linearly to changes in habitat size. This assumption leads frequently to an "all or none" choice of either preserving coastal habitats or converting them to human use. However, our survey of wave attenuation data from field studies of mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass beds, nearshore coral reefs, and sand dunes reveals that these relationships are rarely linear. By incorporating nonlinear wave attenuation in estimating coastal protection values of mangroves in Thailand, we show that the optimal land use option may instead be the integration of development and conservation consistent with ecosystem-based management goals. This result suggests that reconciling competing demands on coastal habitats should not always result in stark preservation-versus-conversion choices.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barbier, Edward B -- Koch, Evamaria W -- Silliman, Brian R -- Hacker, Sally D -- Wolanski, Eric -- Primavera, Jurgenne -- Granek, Elise F -- Polasky, Stephen -- Aswani, Shankar -- Cramer, Lori A -- Stoms, David M -- Kennedy, Chris J -- Bael, David -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Perillo, Gerardo M E -- Reed, Denise J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 18;319(5861):321-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1150349.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. ebarbier@uwyo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alismatidae ; Animals ; Anthozoa ; Aquaculture/economics ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries/economics ; Lythraceae ; Penaeidae ; *Rhizophoraceae ; Thailand ; Trees ; Water Movements ; *Wetlands ; Wood
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horner-Devine, M Claire -- Martiny, Adam C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 9;320(5877):757-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1147012.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ammonia/metabolism ; Archaea/metabolism ; Cyanobacteria/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Microbiology ; Humans ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1319. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5906.1319.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039114" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air Pollutants/analysis ; Animals ; Canada ; *Ecology ; *Ecosystem ; *Fresh Water ; *Mercury ; Mercury Isotopes ; *Research ; Soil Pollutants/analysis ; United States ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-11-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 28;322(5906):1316-9. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5906.1316.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039113" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acid Rain ; Animals ; *Ecology/economics/manpower/organization & administration ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; *Fresh Water ; Ontario ; *Research ; Water Pollution, Chemical
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: Changes in gene regulation are thought to have contributed to the evolution of human development. However, in vivo evidence for uniquely human developmental regulatory function has remained elusive. In transgenic mice, a conserved noncoding sequence (HACNS1) that evolved extremely rapidly in humans acted as an enhancer of gene expression that has gained a strong limb expression domain relative to the orthologous elements from chimpanzee and rhesus macaque. This gain of function was consistent across two developmental stages in the mouse and included the presumptive anterior wrist and proximal thumb. In vivo analyses with synthetic enhancers, in which human-specific substitutions were introduced into the chimpanzee enhancer sequence or reverted in the human enhancer to the ancestral state, indicated that 13 substitutions clustered in an 81-base pair module otherwise highly constrained among terrestrial vertebrates were sufficient to confer the human-specific limb expression domain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658639/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658639/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prabhakar, Shyam -- Visel, Axel -- Akiyama, Jennifer A -- Shoukry, Malak -- Lewis, Keith D -- Holt, Amy -- Plajzer-Frick, Ingrid -- Morrison, Harris -- Fitzpatrick, David R -- Afzal, Veena -- Pennacchio, Len A -- Rubin, Edward M -- Noonan, James P -- 1-F32-GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM074367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- F32 GM074367-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG003988/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HL066681/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- MC_U127561093/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1346-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1159974.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Body Patterning/*genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; Embryonic Development ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Extremities/*embryology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Limb Buds/embryology/metabolism ; Macaca mulatta/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; PAX9 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: Temperature pervasively affects all cellular processes. In response to a rapid increase in temperature, all cells undergo a heat shock response, an ancient and highly conserved program of stress-inducible gene expression, to reestablish cellular homeostasis. In isolated cells, the heat shock response is initiated by the presence of misfolded proteins and therefore thought to be cell-autonomous. In contrast, we show that within the metazoan Caenorhabditis elegans, the heat shock response of somatic cells is not cell-autonomous but rather depends on the thermosensory neuron, AFD, which senses ambient temperature and regulates temperature-dependent behavior. We propose a model whereby this loss of cell autonomy serves to integrate behavioral, metabolic, and stress-related responses to establish an organismal response to environmental change.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429343/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429343/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prahlad, Veena -- Cornelius, Tyler -- Morimoto, Richard I -- R01 AG026647/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG026647-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG026647-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG026647-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG026647-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM038109/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109-19/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109-21/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 GM038109-22/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 9;320(5877):811-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1156093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Genes, Helminth ; Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Heat-Shock Response/genetics/*physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Mutation ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Pheromones/physiology ; Protein Folding ; Thermosensing/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/physiology
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2008-08-23
    Description: Adenovirus small early region 1a (e1a) protein drives cells into S phase by binding RB family proteins and the closely related histone acetyl transferases p300 and CBP. The interaction with RB proteins displaces them from DNA-bound E2F transcription factors, reversing their repression of cell cycle genes. However, it has been unclear how the e1a interaction with p300 and CBP promotes passage through the cell cycle. We show that this interaction causes a threefold reduction in total cellular histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation (H3K18ac). CBP and p300 are required for acetylation at this site because their knockdown causes specific hypoacetylation at H3K18. SV40 T antigen also induces H3K18 hypoacetylation. Because global hypoacetylation at this site is observed in prostate carcinomas with poor prognosis, this suggests that processes resulting in global H3K18 hypoacetylation may be linked to oncogenic transformation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756290/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756290/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Horwitz, Gregory A -- Zhang, Kangling -- McBrian, Matthew A -- Grunstein, Michael -- Kurdistani, Siavash K -- Berk, Arnold J -- CA25235/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA025235/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA025235-30/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 22;321(5892):1084-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1155544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719283" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Adenoviruses, Human/*metabolism ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/metabolism ; CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Cells, Cultured ; HeLa Cells ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/metabolism ; Mutation ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2008-02-09
    Description: Increasing energy use, climate change, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels make switching to low-carbon fuels a high priority. Biofuels are a potential low-carbon energy source, but whether biofuels offer carbon savings depends on how they are produced. Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produce food crop-based biofuels in Brazil, Southeast Asia, and the United States creates a "biofuel carbon debt" by releasing 17 to 420 times more CO2 than the annual greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions that these biofuels would provide by displacing fossil fuels. In contrast, biofuels made from waste biomass or from biomass grown on degraded and abandoned agricultural lands planted with perennials incur little or no carbon debt and can offer immediate and sustained GHG advantages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fargione, Joseph -- Hill, Jason -- Tilman, David -- Polasky, Stephen -- Hawthorne, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1235-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1152747. Epub 2008 Feb 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Nature Conservancy, 1101 West River Parkway, Suite 200, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomass ; Brazil ; Carbon ; *Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Crops, Agricultural ; *Ecosystem ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Greenhouse Effect ; Indonesia ; Malaysia ; Plant Development ; *Plants/metabolism ; *Soil ; Time Factors ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wray, Gregory A -- Babbitt, Courtney C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 5;321(5894):1300-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1163568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Institute for Genome Science and Policy, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA. gwray@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18772422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Introns ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2008-09-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1619. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5896.1619a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18801974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries/economics/methods/statistics & numerical data ; *Fishes ; Humans ; Motivation ; Population Dynamics
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2008-05-10
    Description: Desiccation of the Sahara since the middle Holocene has eradicated all but a few natural archives recording its transition from a "green Sahara" to the present hyperarid desert. Our continuous 6000-year paleoenvironmental reconstruction from northern Chad shows progressive drying of the regional terrestrial ecosystem in response to weakening insolation forcing of the African monsoon and abrupt hydrological change in the local aquatic ecosystem controlled by site-specific thresholds. Strong reductions in tropical trees and then Sahelian grassland cover allowed large-scale dust mobilization from 4300 calendar years before the present (cal yr B.P.). Today's desert ecosystem and regional wind regime were established around 2700 cal yr B.P. This gradual rather than abrupt termination of the African Humid Period in the eastern Sahara suggests a relatively weak biogeophysical feedback on climate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kropelin, S -- Verschuren, D -- Lezine, A-M -- Eggermont, H -- Cocquyt, C -- Francus, P -- Cazet, J-P -- Fagot, M -- Rumes, B -- Russell, J M -- Darius, F -- Conley, D J -- Schuster, M -- von Suchodoletz, H -- Engstrom, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 9;320(5877):765-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1154913.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Africa Research Unit, Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, Jennerstrasse 8, D-50823 Koln, Germany. s.kroe@uni-koeln.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Biological Evolution ; *Desert Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Fresh Water ; Geologic Sediments ; History, Ancient ; Plants ; Time ; Weather
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2008-04-12
    Description: Initiation of actin polymerization in cells requires nucleation factors. Here we describe an actin-binding protein, leiomodin, that acted as a strong filament nucleator in muscle cells. Leiomodin shared two actin-binding sites with the filament pointed end-capping protein tropomodulin: a flexible N-terminal region and a leucine-rich repeat domain. Leiomodin also contained a C-terminal extension of 150 residues. The smallest fragment with strong nucleation activity included the leucine-rich repeat and C-terminal extension. The N-terminal region enhanced the nucleation activity threefold and recruited tropomyosin, which weakly stimulated nucleation and mediated localization of leiomodin to the middle of muscle sarcomeres. Knocking down leiomodin severely compromised sarcomere assembly in cultured muscle cells, which suggests a role for leiomodin in the nucleation of tropomyosin-decorated filaments in muscles.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845909/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845909/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chereau, David -- Boczkowska, Malgorzata -- Skwarek-Maruszewska, Aneta -- Fujiwara, Ikuko -- Hayes, David B -- Rebowski, Grzegorz -- Lappalainen, Pekka -- Pollard, Thomas D -- Dominguez, Roberto -- GM026338/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM073791/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL086655/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL086655/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL086655-01A10004/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM073791/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM073791-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):239-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1155313.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18403713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism ; Actins/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Sarcomeres/*metabolism ; Tropomodulin/chemistry ; Tropomyosin/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smetacek, Victor -- Cloern, James E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 7;319(5868):1346-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1151330.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research of the Helmholtz Foundation, 27570 Bremerhaven, and the University of Bremen, FB 2, 28334 Bremen, Germany. Victor.Smetacek@awi.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18323440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomass ; Climate ; Diatoms/growth & development/physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Food Chain ; Life Cycle Stages ; Oceans and Seas ; *Phytoplankton/growth & development/physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Seasons ; Temperature
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2008-12-06
    Description: The concerted movement of cells from different germ layers contributes to morphogenesis during early embryonic development. Using an optimized imaging approach and quantitative methods, we analyzed the trajectories of hundreds of ectodermal cells and internalized mesodermal cells within Drosophila embryos over 2 hours during gastrulation. We found a high level of cellular organization, with mesoderm cell movements correlating with some but not all ectoderm movements. During migration, the mesoderm population underwent two ordered waves of cell division and synchronous cell intercalation, and cells at the leading edge stably maintained position. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling guides mesodermal cell migration; however, we found some directed dorsal migration in an FGF receptor mutant, which suggests that additional signals are involved. Thus, decomposing complex cellular movements can provide detailed insights into collective cell migration.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2801059/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2801059/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McMahon, Amy -- Supatto, Willy -- Fraser, Scott E -- Stathopoulos, Angelike -- P50 HG004071/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078542/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078542-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 5;322(5907):1546-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1167094.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; *Cell Movement ; Drosophila/*embryology/genetics/metabolism ; Ectoderm/*cytology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*cytology ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; *Gastrulation ; Mesoderm/*cytology ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Signal Transduction
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2008-10-11
    Description: DNA from low-biodiversity fracture water collected at 2.8-kilometer depth in a South African gold mine was sequenced and assembled into a single, complete genome. This bacterium, Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator, composes 〉99.9% of the microorganisms inhabiting the fluid phase of this particular fracture. Its genome indicates a motile, sporulating, sulfate-reducing, chemoautotrophic thermophile that can fix its own nitrogen and carbon by using machinery shared with archaea. Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator is capable of an independent life-style well suited to long-term isolation from the photosphere deep within Earth's crust and offers an example of a natural ecosystem that appears to have its biological component entirely encoded within a single genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chivian, Dylan -- Brodie, Eoin L -- Alm, Eric J -- Culley, David E -- Dehal, Paramvir S -- DeSantis, Todd Z -- Gihring, Thomas M -- Lapidus, Alla -- Lin, Li-Hung -- Lowry, Stephen R -- Moser, Duane P -- Richardson, Paul M -- Southam, Gordon -- Wanger, Greg -- Pratt, Lisa M -- Andersen, Gary L -- Hazen, Terry C -- Brockman, Fred J -- Arkin, Adam P -- Onstott, Tullis C -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 10;322(5899):275-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1155495.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. DCChivian@lbl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845759" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ammonia/metabolism ; Carbon/metabolism ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics/*methods ; Gold ; Mining ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peptococcaceae/classification/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; South Africa ; Spores, Bacterial/physiology ; Sulfates/metabolism ; Temperature ; *Water Microbiology
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2008-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoegh-Guldberg, O -- Hughes, L -- McIntyre, S -- Lindenmayer, D B -- Parmesan, C -- Possingham, H P -- Thomas, C D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):345-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1157897.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Marine Studies, Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Reef Studies and the Coral Reef Targeted Research Project, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland (QLD) 4072, Australia. oveh@uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Geography ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; Socioeconomic Factors
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Danwei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 14;322(5904):1049; author reply 1049-50. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5904.1049a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19008428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/classification/physiology ; *Climate ; Ecology/*methods ; *Ecosystem ; Extinction, Biological ; Population Dynamics
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2008-08-23
    Description: Adenovirus e1a induces quiescent human cells to replicate. We found that e1a causes global relocalization of the RB (retinoblastoma) proteins (RB, p130, and p107) and p300/CBP histone acetyltransferases on promoters, the effect of which is to restrict the acetylation of histone 3 lysine-18 (H3K18ac) to a limited set of genes, thereby stimulating cell cycling and inhibiting antiviral responses and cellular differentiation. Soon after expression, e1a binds transiently to promoters of cell cycle and growth genes, causing enrichment of p300/CBP, PCAF (p300/CBP-associated factor), and H3K18ac; depletion of RB proteins; and transcriptional activation. e1a also associates transiently with promoters of antiviral genes, causing enrichment for RB, p130, and H4K16ac; increased nucleosome density; and transcriptional repression. At later times, e1a and p107 bind mainly to promoters of development and differentiation genes, repressing transcription. The temporal order of e1a binding requires its interactions with p300/CBP and RB proteins. Our data uncover a defined epigenetic reprogramming leading to cellular transformation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2693122/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2693122/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferrari, Roberto -- Pellegrini, Matteo -- Horwitz, Gregory A -- Xie, Wei -- Berk, Arnold J -- Kurdistani, Siavash K -- CA25235/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA025235/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA025235-30/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 22;321(5892):1086-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1155546.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Adenoviruses, Human/genetics/*metabolism ; CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Crk-Associated Substrate Protein/genetics/metabolism ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma Protein/genetics/metabolism ; Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107/genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors/metabolism
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prum, Richard O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1799-800. doi: 10.1126/science.1168808.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Post Office Box 208105, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. richard.prum@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/physiology ; Clutch Size ; *Dinosaurs/physiology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Male ; *Nesting Behavior ; Paternal Behavior ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2008-02-23
    Description: Transcriptional regulation of the galactose-metabolizing genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on three core proteins: Gal4p, the transcriptional activator that binds to upstream activating DNA sequences (UAS(GAL)); Gal80p, a repressor that binds to the carboxyl terminus of Gal4p and inhibits transcription; and Gal3p, a cytoplasmic transducer that, upon binding galactose and adenosine 5'-triphosphate, relieves Gal80p repression. The current model of induction relies on Gal3p sequestering Gal80p in the cytoplasm. However, the rapid induction of this system implies that there is a missing factor. Our structure of Gal80p in complex with a peptide from the carboxyl-terminal activation domain of Gal4p reveals the existence of a dinucleotide that mediates the interaction between the two. Biochemical and in vivo experiments suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) plays a key role in the initial induction event.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2726985/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2726985/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kumar, P Rajesh -- Yu, Yao -- Sternglanz, Rolf -- Johnston, Stephen Albert -- Joshua-Tor, Leemor -- GM074075/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM55641/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA045508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074075/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074075-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 22;319(5866):1090-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1151903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18292341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dimerization ; Galactokinase/metabolism ; Galactose/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Models, Molecular ; NADP/*metabolism ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2008-05-31
    Description: Close relatedness has long been considered crucial to the evolution of eusociality. However, it has recently been suggested that close relatedness may be a consequence, rather than a cause, of eusociality. We tested this idea with a comparative analysis of female mating frequencies in 267 species of eusocial bees, wasps, and ants. We found that mating with a single male, which maximizes relatedness, is ancestral for all eight independent eusocial lineages that we investigated. Mating with multiple males is always derived. Furthermore, we found that high polyandry (〉2 effective mates) occurs only in lineages whose workers have lost reproductive totipotency. These results provide the first evidence that monogamy was critical in the evolution of eusociality, strongly supporting the prediction of inclusive fitness theory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hughes, William O H -- Oldroyd, Benjamin P -- Beekman, Madeleine -- Ratnieks, Francis L W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1213-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1156108.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. w.o.h.hughes@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18511689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altruism ; Animals ; Ants ; Bees ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Male ; Phylogeny ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior ; Sociobiology ; Wasps
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peterson, Eric L -- Beger, Maria -- Richards, Zoe T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 28;319(5871):1759. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5871.1759c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Atmosphere ; Carbon Dioxide ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Forestry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oceans and Seas
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2008-10-25
    Description: Heterochromatin formation at fission yeast centromeres is directed by RNA interference (RNAi). Noncoding transcripts derived from centromeric repeats are processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that direct the RNA-induced transcriptional silencing (RITS) effector complex to engage centromere transcripts, resulting in recruitment of the histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase Clr4, and hence silencing. We have found that defects in specific splicing factors, but not splicing itself, affect the generation of centromeric siRNAs and consequently centromeric heterochromatin integrity. Moreover, splicing factors physically associate with Cid12, a component of the RNAi machinery, and with centromeric chromatin, consistent with a direct role in RNAi. We propose that spliceosomal complexes provide a platform for siRNA generation and hence facilitate effective centromere repeat silencing.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2585287/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2585287/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bayne, Elizabeth H -- Portoso, Manuela -- Kagansky, Alexander -- Kos-Braun, Isabelle C -- Urano, Takeshi -- Ekwall, Karl -- Alves, Flavia -- Rappsilber, Juri -- Allshire, Robin C -- 065061/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 065061/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 067844/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0301153/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0301153/ID:69173/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Oct 24;322(5901):602-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1164029.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology and Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 6.34 Swann Building, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18948543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; Centromere/*genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Fungal ; Heterochromatin/metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Methylation ; Mutation ; Phosphoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Small Interfering/*metabolism ; Ribonucleoprotein, U2 Small Nuclear/genetics/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces/*genetics/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Spliceosomes/metabolism
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  • 93
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clary, David C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 8;321(5890):789-91. doi: 10.1126/science.1157718.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK. david.clary@chem.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biochemical Phenomena ; Biochemistry ; Chemical Phenomena ; *Chemistry ; Enzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Mathematics ; Models, Chemical ; *Quantum Theory ; Thermodynamics
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-07-19
    Description: The distribution of species body size within taxonomic groups exhibits a heavy right tail extending over many orders of magnitude, where most species are much larger than the smallest species. We provide a simple model of cladogenetic diffusion over evolutionary time that omits explicit mechanisms for interspecific competition and other microevolutionary processes, yet fully explains the shape of this distribution. We estimate the model's parameters from fossil data and find that it robustly reproduces the distribution of 4002 mammal species from the late Quaternary. The observed fit suggests that the asymmetric distribution arises from a fundamental trade-off between the short-term selective advantages (Cope's rule) and long-term selective risks of increased species body size in the presence of a taxon-specific lower limit on body size.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clauset, Aaron -- Erwin, Douglas H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 18;321(5887):399-401. doi: 10.1126/science.1157534.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. aaronc@santafe.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18635801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Body Size ; Computer Simulation ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Genetic Speciation ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology/classification/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2008-09-13
    Description: Classical ecological theory suggests that the coexistence of consumer species is fostered by resource-use differences, leading to greater resource use in communities with more species. However, explicit empirical support for this idea is lacking, because resource use by species is generally confounded with other species-specific attributes. We overcame this obstacle by co-opting behavioral plasticity in food choice among a group of animal consumers, allowing us to manipulate patterns of resource use while controlling for the effects of species identity and diversity. Within an aphid-parasitoid-radish community, we created a fully factorial manipulation of consumer resource-use breadth (specialist versus generalist) and species diversity (one versus three species) and found that resource exploitation improved with greater specialist, but not generalist, diversity. Therefore, resource partitioning, and not diversity per se, fostered greater overall resource consumption in our multispecies consumer communities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finke, Deborah L -- Snyder, William E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 12;321(5895):1488-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1160854.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. finked@missouri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18787167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aphids/*parasitology/*physiology ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Oviposition ; Raphanus/*parasitology/physiology ; Wasps/*physiology
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-04-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuparinen, Anna -- Merila, Juha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 4;320(5872):47-50; author reply 47-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18396481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Environment ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes/genetics ; Phenotype
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2008-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baird, Andrew -- Maynard, Jeffrey A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):315-6; author reply 315-6. doi: 10.1126/science.320.5874.315.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Anthozoa/*physiology ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2008-05-24
    Description: Identifying ecologically differentiated populations within complex microbial communities remains challenging, yet is critical for interpreting the evolution and ecology of microbes in the wild. Here we describe spatial and temporal resource partitioning among Vibrionaceae strains coexisting in coastal bacterioplankton. A quantitative model (AdaptML) establishes the evolutionary history of ecological differentiation, thus revealing populations specific for seasons and life-styles (combinations of free-living, particle, or zooplankton associations). These ecological population boundaries frequently occur at deep phylogenetic levels (consistent with named species); however, recent and perhaps ongoing adaptive radiation is evident in Vibrio splendidus, which comprises numerous ecologically distinct populations at different levels of phylogenetic differentiation. Thus, environmental specialization may be an important correlate or even trigger of speciation among sympatric microbes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunt, Dana E -- David, Lawrence A -- Gevers, Dirk -- Preheim, Sarah P -- Alm, Eric J -- Polz, Martin F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1081-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1157890.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Genetic Speciation ; Markov Chains ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plankton/*physiology ; Seasons ; Seawater/*microbiology ; Vibrio/classification/genetics/physiology ; Vibrionaceae/classification/genetics/*physiology ; Zooplankton/physiology
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2008-02-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):887. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5865.887a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fires/prevention & control ; Forestry/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Trees ; United States
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2008-06-17
    Description: Recent climate talks in Bali have made progress toward action on deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, within the anticipated post-Kyoto emissions reduction agreements. As a result of such action, many forests will be better protected, but some land-use change will be displaced to other locations. The demonstration phase launched at Bali offers an opportunity to examine potential outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem services. Research will be needed into selection of priority areas for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation to deliver multiple benefits, on-the-ground methods to best ensure these benefits, and minimization of displaced land-use change into nontarget countries and ecosystems, including through revised conservation investments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miles, Lera -- Kapos, Valerie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 13;320(5882):1454-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1155358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. lera.miles@unep-wcmc.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18556549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Atmosphere ; Biodiversity ; Carbon ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; Developing Countries/economics ; Economics ; *Ecosystem ; *Greenhouse Effect ; Public Policy ; *Trees ; United Nations/economics
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