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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-10-19
    Description: We describe a metabolic disorder characterized by lipodystrophy, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, severe diabetes, and growth retardation observed in mice carrying N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)–induced mutations. The disorder was ascribed to a mutation of kelch repeat and BTB (POZ) domain containing 2 (Kbtbd2) and was mimicked by a CRISPR/Cas9-targeted null allele of...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-07-14
    Description: The Kuanyinchiao Formation (Hirnantian, Upper Ordovician), yielding the typical Hirnantia fauna, has commonly been accepted as representing cool-water sediments deposited during the glacial interval in the Hirnantian Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) region of South China. Recent investigation reveals that the uppermost carbonate-dominated part of this formation yields a warm-water rugose coral fauna with Silurian affinities at many localities of northern Guizhou Province, which substantially differs from the underlying cool-water fauna. This suggests that these carbonates were probably postglacial warm-water sediments, rather than having formed during the Hirnantian glacial interval as previously thought. Such a conclusion is consistent with the evidence from the associated brachiopod fauna, i.e., the Dalmanella testudinaria – Dorytreta longicrura community, which is similarly distinct from the underlying typical Hirnantia fauna. The sedimentological data show warm-water features at the same level (e.g., the presence of oolitic grains), also supporting this new interpretation.
    Print ISSN: 0008-4077
    Electronic ISSN: 1480-3313
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2015-04-07
    Description: Author(s): P. Xue, R. Zhang, H. Qin, X. Zhan, Z. H. Bian, J. Li, and Barry C. Sanders We demonstrate a quantum walk with time-dependent coin bias. With this technique we realize an experimental single-photon one-dimensional quantum walk with a linearly ramped time-dependent coin flip operation and thereby demonstrate two periodic revivals of the walker distribution. In our beam-displ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 140502] Published Mon Apr 06, 2015
    Keywords: General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉The 2008 Mw 5.2 Mt. Carmel earthquake is the largest earthquake in the last 50 yrs in southeastern Illinois, near the north termination of the north‐northeast‐trending Wabash Valley fault system (WVFS). The earthquake shows almost pure strike‐slip focal mechanism, but it is still uncertain which nodal plane (NP) is the ruptured fault plane. To resolve the fault plane, we determine rupture directivity of the earthquake via the relative centroid method. We begin with inverting the point‐source solution (strike 297°/dip 84°/rake 1° for NP1, strike 206°/dip 89°/rake 173° for NP2, and centroid depth 16 km) and then determine the relative location between the centroid and hypocenter via regional waveform fitting. Two 〈strong〉M〈/strong〉 4+ aftershocks are used as reference events, and the waveform time shifts of reference events with respect to the 1D velocity model are used to calibrate the path effects. The results show that the Illinois mainshock ruptured to east‐southeast along the 297° NP for about 2–3 km, consistent with relocated aftershock distribution, and we infer that the sinistral causative fault connects the north‐northwest‐trending La Salle anticlinal belt and the north‐northeast‐trending WVFS.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉 A nearly 20-year hiatus in major seismic activity in southern California ended on 4 July 2019 with a sequence of intersecting earthquakes near the city of Ridgecrest, California. This sequence included a foreshock with a moment magnitude (〈i〉M〈/i〉〈sub〉w〈/sub〉) of 6.4 followed by a 〈i〉M〈/i〉〈sub〉w〈/sub〉 7.1 mainshock nearly 34 hours later. Geodetic, seismic, and seismicity data provided an integrative view of this sequence, which ruptured an unmapped multiscale network of interlaced orthogonal faults. This complex fault geometry persists over the entire seismogenic depth range. The rupture of the mainshock terminated only a few kilometers from the major regional Garlock fault, triggering shallow creep and a substantial earthquake swarm. The repeated occurrence of multifault ruptures, as revealed by modern instrumentation and analysis techniques, poses a formidable challenge in quantifying regional seismic hazards.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Summary〈/div〉Earthquake focal mechanisms put primary control on the distribution of ground motion, and also bear on the stress state of the crust. Most routine focal mechanism catalogs still use 1D velocity models in inversions, which may introduce large uncertainties in regions with strong lateral velocity heterogeneities. In this study, we develop an automated waveform-based inversion approach to determine the moment tensors of small-to-medium-sized earthquakes using 3D velocity models. We apply our approach in the Los Angeles region to produce a new moment tensor catalog with a completeness of M〈sub〉L 〈/sub〉≥ 3.5. The inversions using the Southern California Earthquake Center Community Velocity Model (3D CVM-S4.26) significantly reduces the moment tensor uncertainties, mainly owing to the accuracy of the 3D velocity model in predicting both the phases and the amplitudes of the observed seismograms. By comparing the full moment tensor solutions obtained using 1D and 3D velocity models, we show that the percentages of non-double-couple components decrease dramatically with the usage of 3D velocity model, suggesting that large fractions of non-double-couple components from 1D inversions are artifacts caused by unmodeled 3D velocity structures. The new catalog also features more accurate focal depths and moment magnitudes. Our highly accurate, efficient, and automatic inversion approach can be expanded in other regions, and can be easily implemented in near real-time system.〈/span〉
    Print ISSN: 2051-1965
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-08-22
    Description: It is generally believed that Ganymede's core is composed of an Fe-FeS alloy and that convective motions inside it are responsible for generating the satellite's magnetic field. Analysis of the melting behavior of Fe-FeS alloys at Ganymede's core pressures suggests that, besides the growth of a solid inner core, convection can be driven by two novel mechanisms: Fe snow and FeS flotation. To advance our understanding of magnetic field generation in Ganymede, we construct dynamo models in which deep inner core growth, Fe-snow and FeS flotation drive convection. Although a dynamo can be found in each of these cases, the dynamos have different characteristics. For example, some dynamos are dipole dominant and others are not. It is found that multipole-dominant magnetic fields are generated in all Fe-snow cases, while dipole dominant dynamos are found in FeS flotation cases and in inner core growth cases. Ganymede's present dipole-dominant magnetic field suggests that the Fe-snow process does not play a primary role in driving Ganymede's core convection. The reason that Fe-snow driven convection does not produce a dipole-dominant dynamo can be related to the buoyancy flux. In Fe-snow cases, the buoyancy source is located at the core-mantle boundary (CMB), and the buoyancy flux peaks there, while in the other two cases, the buoyancy source is located at the inner core boundary where the buoyancy flux peaks.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-07-04
    Description: Noniridescent coloration by the spongy keratin in parrot feather barbs has fascinated scientists. Nonetheless, its ultimate origin remains as yet unanswered, and a quantitative structural and optical description is still lacking. Here we report on structural and optical characterizations and numerical simulations of the blue feather barbs of the scarlet macaw. We found that the sponge in the feather barbs is an amorphous diamond-structured photonic crystal with only short-range order. It possesses an isotropic photonic pseudogap that is ultimately responsible for the brilliant noniridescent coloration. We further unravel an ingenious structural optimization for attaining maximum coloration apparently resulting from natural evolution. Upon increasing the material refractive index above the level provided by nature, there is an interesting transition from a photonic pseudogap to a complete bandgap.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-10-25
    Description: [1]  We present in this study the results obtained when applying a physical algorithm based on a variational methodology, to data from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP), for a consistent retrieval of geophysical data in all-weather conditions. The algorithm, which runs operationally at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), is applied routinely to a number of sounders from the Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES), the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) and the European Meteorological Operational (MetOp) satellites constellations. The One-dimension variational (1DVAR) methodology, which relies on a forward operator, the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), allows for solving the inversion of the radiometric measurements into geophysical parameters which have a direct impact on the brightness temperatures. The parameters that are produced by this Microwave Integrated Retrieval System (MiRS) algorithm, include the atmospheric temperature T(p), moisture Q(p) and vertically-integrated total precipitable water (TPW), the surface skin temperature (Tskin) and emissivity (emiss) as well as the hydrometeor products of non-precipitating cloud liquid water (CLW), rain and ice water paths (RWP, IWP). In this algorithm, a simple post-processing is applied to the 1DVAR-generated emissivity to derive cryospheric products (snow water equivalent SWE and sea ice concentration SIC) when the data are measured over these surfaces. The post-processing is also applied to the hydrometeors products to generate a surface rainfall rate (RR). This comprehensive set of sounding, surface, hydrometeor and cryospheric products generated from SNPP/ATMS is therefore radiometrically consistent, meaning that when input to the forward operator, it will allow the simulation of the actual brightness temperatures measurements within noise levels. The geophysical consistency between the products, also critical, is satisfied due to the physical approach adopted and the geophysical constraints introduced through the correlation matrix used in the variational system. The results shown in this paper confirm that the performances of all products are within the expected accuracy and precision figures, and comparable to performances usually obtained with single-parameter dedicated algorithms, with the added value that the inverted products are both radiometrically and geophysically consistent.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2013-12-13
    Description: Functional RIG-I-like receptors control the survival of mesenchymal stem cells Cell Death and Disease 4, e967 (December 2013). doi:10.1038/cddis.2013.504 Authors: K Yang, J Wang, A P Xiang, X Zhan, Y Wang, M Wu & X Huang
    Keywords: mesenchymal stem cellsRIG-I-like receptorscell survivalapoptosisautophagy
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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