ALBERT

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vinson, Valda -- Purnell, Beverly A -- Zahn, Laura M -- Travis, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 13;336(6078):171. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6078.171.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22499935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sherkow, Jacob S -- Greely, Henry T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 5;340(6128):32-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1236965.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Law and the Biosciences, Stanford Law School, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23559235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses reveal that pan-avian genomic diversity covaries with adaptations to different lifestyles and convergent evolution of traits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Guojie -- Li, Cai -- Li, Qiye -- Li, Bo -- Larkin, Denis M -- Lee, Chul -- Storz, Jay F -- Antunes, Agostinho -- Greenwold, Matthew J -- Meredith, Robert W -- Odeen, Anders -- Cui, Jie -- Zhou, Qi -- Xu, Luohao -- Pan, Hailin -- Wang, Zongji -- Jin, Lijun -- Zhang, Pei -- Hu, Haofu -- Yang, Wei -- Hu, Jiang -- Xiao, Jin -- Yang, Zhikai -- Liu, Yang -- Xie, Qiaolin -- Yu, Hao -- Lian, Jinmin -- Wen, Ping -- Zhang, Fang -- Li, Hui -- Zeng, Yongli -- Xiong, Zijun -- Liu, Shiping -- Zhou, Long -- Huang, Zhiyong -- An, Na -- Wang, Jie -- Zheng, Qiumei -- Xiong, Yingqi -- Wang, Guangbiao -- Wang, Bo -- Wang, Jingjing -- Fan, Yu -- da Fonseca, Rute R -- Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo -- Schubert, Mikkel -- Orlando, Ludovic -- Mourier, Tobias -- Howard, Jason T -- Ganapathy, Ganeshkumar -- Pfenning, Andreas -- Whitney, Osceola -- Rivas, Miriam V -- Hara, Erina -- Smith, Julia -- Farre, Marta -- Narayan, Jitendra -- Slavov, Gancho -- Romanov, Michael N -- Borges, Rui -- Machado, Joao Paulo -- Khan, Imran -- Springer, Mark S -- Gatesy, John -- Hoffmann, Federico G -- Opazo, Juan C -- Hastad, Olle -- Sawyer, Roger H -- Kim, Heebal -- Kim, Kyu-Won -- Kim, Hyeon Jeong -- Cho, Seoae -- Li, Ning -- Huang, Yinhua -- Bruford, Michael W -- Zhan, Xiangjiang -- Dixon, Andrew -- Bertelsen, Mads F -- Derryberry, Elizabeth -- Warren, Wesley -- Wilson, Richard K -- Li, Shengbin -- Ray, David A -- Green, Richard E -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- Griffin, Darren -- Johnson, Warren E -- Haussler, David -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Willerslev, Eske -- Graves, Gary R -- Alstrom, Per -- Fjeldsa, Jon -- Mindell, David P -- Edwards, Scott V -- Braun, Edward L -- Rahbek, Carsten -- Burt, David W -- Houde, Peter -- Zhang, Yong -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Avian Genome Consortium -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Wang, Jun -- DP1 OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087216/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1311-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1251385. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. ; Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA. ; Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore. ; Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. BGI Education Center,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK. ; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. ; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Post Office Box 7011, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China. ; International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK. ; Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; The Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. ; College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. ; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA. ; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA. ; Genetics Division, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA. ; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Post Office Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Imperial College London, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment Initiative, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. ; Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute Building, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. ; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408607/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408607/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halloran, M Elizabeth -- Vespignani, Alessandro -- Bharti, Nita -- Feldstein, Leora R -- Alexander, K A -- Ferrari, Matthew -- Shaman, Jeffrey -- Drake, John M -- Porco, Travis -- Eisenberg, Joseph N S -- Del Valle, Sara Y -- Lofgren, Eric -- Scarpino, Samuel V -- Eisenberg, Marisa C -- Gao, Daozhou -- Hyman, James M -- Eubank, Stephen -- Longini, Ira M Jr -- R01 GM100467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM070694/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM087728/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM097661/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM110712/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM110744/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM110748/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM111274/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):433. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6208.433-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. betz@u.washington.edu. ; Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. ; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. ; Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. ; Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. ; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. ; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. ; Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA. ; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. ; Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342792" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The compact genome of Fugu rubripes has been sequenced to over 95% coverage, and more than 80% of the assembly is in multigene-sized scaffolds. In this 365-megabase vertebrate genome, repetitive DNA accounts for less than one-sixth of the sequence, and gene loci occupy about one-third of the genome. As with the human genome, gene loci are not evenly distributed, but are clustered into sparse and dense regions. Some "giant" genes were observed that had average coding sequence sizes but were spread over genomic lengths significantly larger than those of their human orthologs. Although three-quarters of predicted human proteins have a strong match to Fugu, approximately a quarter of the human proteins had highly diverged from or had no pufferfish homologs, highlighting the extent of protein evolution in the 450 million years since teleosts and mammals diverged. Conserved linkages between Fugu and human genes indicate the preservation of chromosomal segments from the common vertebrate ancestor, but with considerable scrambling of gene order.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aparicio, Samuel -- Chapman, Jarrod -- Stupka, Elia -- Putnam, Nik -- Chia, Jer-Ming -- Dehal, Paramvir -- Christoffels, Alan -- Rash, Sam -- Hoon, Shawn -- Smit, Arian -- Gelpke, Maarten D Sollewijn -- Roach, Jared -- Oh, Tania -- Ho, Isaac Y -- Wong, Marie -- Detter, Chris -- Verhoef, Frans -- Predki, Paul -- Tay, Alice -- Lucas, Susan -- Richardson, Paul -- Smith, Sarah F -- Clark, Melody S -- Edwards, Yvonne J K -- Doggett, Norman -- Zharkikh, Andrey -- Tavtigian, Sean V -- Pruss, Dmitry -- Barnstead, Mary -- Evans, Cheryl -- Baden, Holly -- Powell, Justin -- Glusman, Gustavo -- Rowen, Lee -- Hood, Leroy -- Tan, Y H -- Elgar, Greg -- Hawkins, Trevor -- Venkatesh, Byrappa -- Rokhsar, Daniel -- Brenner, Sydney -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 23;297(5585):1301-10. Epub 2002 Jul 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609. saa1000@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12142439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The emergence of insecticide resistance in the mosquito poses a serious threat to the efficacy of many malaria control programs. We have searched the Anopheles gambiae genome for members of the three major enzyme families- the carboxylesterases, glutathione transferases, and cytochrome P450s-that are primarily responsible for metabolic resistance to insecticides. A comparative genomic analysis with Drosophila melanogaster reveals that a considerable expansion of these supergene families has occurred in the mosquito. Low gene orthology and little chromosomal synteny paradoxically contrast the easily identified orthologous groups of genes presumably seeded by common ancestors. In A. gambiae, the independent expansion of paralogous genes is mainly a consequence of the formation of clusters among locally duplicated genes. These expansions may reflect the functional diversification of supergene families consistent with major differences in the life history and ecology of these organisms. These data provide a basis for identifying the resistance-associated enzymes within these families. This will enable the resistance status of mosquitoes, flies, and possibly other holometabolous insects to be monitored. The analyses also provide the means for identifying previously unknown molecules involved in fundamental biological processes such as development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ranson, Hilary -- Claudianos, Charles -- Ortelli, Federica -- Abgrall, Christelle -- Hemingway, Janet -- Sharakhova, Maria V -- Unger, Maria F -- Collins, Frank H -- Feyereisen, Rene -- U01 AI48846/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI50687/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):179-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364796" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bennetzen, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):60-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. maize@bilbo.bio.purdue.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Functional analysis of a genome requires accurate gene structure information and a complete gene inventory. A dual experimental strategy was used to verify and correct the initial genome sequence annotation of the reference plant Arabidopsis. Sequencing full-length cDNAs and hybridizations using RNA populations from various tissues to a set of high-density oligonucleotide arrays spanning the entire genome allowed the accurate annotation of thousands of gene structures. We identified 5817 novel transcription units, including a substantial amount of antisense gene transcription, and 40 genes within the genetically defined centromeres. This approach resulted in completion of approximately 30% of the Arabidopsis ORFeome as a resource for global functional experimentation of the plant proteome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamada, Kayoko -- Lim, Jun -- Dale, Joseph M -- Chen, Huaming -- Shinn, Paul -- Palm, Curtis J -- Southwick, Audrey M -- Wu, Hank C -- Kim, Christopher -- Nguyen, Michelle -- Pham, Paul -- Cheuk, Rosa -- Karlin-Newmann, George -- Liu, Shirley X -- Lam, Bao -- Sakano, Hitomi -- Wu, Troy -- Yu, Guixia -- Miranda, Molly -- Quach, Hong L -- Tripp, Matthew -- Chang, Charlie H -- Lee, Jeong M -- Toriumi, Mitsue -- Chan, Marie M H -- Tang, Carolyn C -- Onodera, Courtney S -- Deng, Justine M -- Akiyama, Kenji -- Ansari, Yasser -- Arakawa, Takahiro -- Banh, Jenny -- Banno, Fumika -- Bowser, Leah -- Brooks, Shelise -- Carninci, Piero -- Chao, Qimin -- Choy, Nathan -- Enju, Akiko -- Goldsmith, Andrew D -- Gurjal, Mani -- Hansen, Nancy F -- Hayashizaki, Yoshihide -- Johnson-Hopson, Chanda -- Hsuan, Vickie W -- Iida, Kei -- Karnes, Meagan -- Khan, Shehnaz -- Koesema, Eric -- Ishida, Junko -- Jiang, Paul X -- Jones, Ted -- Kawai, Jun -- Kamiya, Asako -- Meyers, Cristina -- Nakajima, Maiko -- Narusaka, Mari -- Seki, Motoaki -- Sakurai, Tetsuya -- Satou, Masakazu -- Tamse, Racquel -- Vaysberg, Maria -- Wallender, Erika K -- Wong, Cecilia -- Yamamura, Yuki -- Yuan, Shiaulou -- Shinozaki, Kazuo -- Davis, Ronald W -- Theologis, Athanasios -- Ecker, Joseph R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):842-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: An unknown number of precursor messenger RNAs undergo genetic recoding by modification of adenosine to inosine, a reaction catalyzed by the adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Discovery of these edited transcripts has always been serendipitous. Using comparative genomics, we identified a phylogenetic signature of RNA editing. We report the identification and experimental verification of 16 previously unknown ADAR target genes in the fruit fly Drosophila and one in humans-more than the sum total previously reported. All of these genes are involved in rapid electrical and chemical neurotransmission, and many of the edited sites recode conserved and functionally important amino acids. These results point to a pivotal role for RNA editing in nervous system function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoopengardner, Barry -- Bhalla, Tarun -- Staber, Cynthia -- Reenan, Robert -- R01 GM062291/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):832-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Classical genetic screens can be limited by the selectivity of mutational targeting, the complexities of anatomically based phenotypic analysis, or difficulties in subsequent gene identification. Focusing on signaling response to the secreted morphogen Hedgehog (Hh), we used RNA interference (RNAi) and a quantitative cultured cell assay to systematically screen functional roles of all kinases and phosphatases, and subsequently 43% of predicted Drosophila genes. Two gene products reported to function in Wingless (Wg) signaling were identified as Hh pathway components: a cell surface protein (Dally-like protein) required for Hh signal reception, and casein kinase 1alpha, a candidate tumor suppressor that regulates basal activities of both Hh and Wg pathways. This type of cultured cell-based functional genomics approach may be useful in the systematic analysis of other biological processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lum, Lawrence -- Yao, Shenqin -- Mozer, Brian -- Rovescalli, Alessandra -- Von Kessler, Doris -- Nirenberg, Marshall -- Beachy, Philip A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):2039-45.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2041.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The genomes of human, mouse, and rat have been sequenced. Now, as O'Brien and Murphy announce in their Perspective, the genome sequence derby is heating up with the addition of dog to the list (Kirkness et al.). As they explain, even though the coverage of the dog genome (1.5x) is lower than that of mouse (8x), there are many valuable insights to be gained from comparing the sequence of dog with those of mouse and human.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, Stephen J -- Murphy, William J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1854-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1468-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Apr 30;304(5671):671-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15118138" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Predatory bacteria remain molecularly enigmatic, despite their presence in many microbial communities. Here we report the complete genome of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100, a predatory Gram-negative bacterium that invades and consumes other Gram-negative bacteria. Its surprisingly large genome shows no evidence of recent gene transfer from its prey. A plethora of paralogous gene families coding for enzymes, such as hydrolases and transporters, are used throughout the life cycle of B. bacteriovorus for prey entry, prey killing, and the uptake of complex molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rendulic, Snjezana -- Jagtap, Pratik -- Rosinus, Andrea -- Eppinger, Mark -- Baar, Claudia -- Lanz, Christa -- Keller, Heike -- Lambert, Carey -- Evans, Katy J -- Goesmann, Alexander -- Meyer, Folker -- Sockett, R Elizabeth -- Schuster, Stephan C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 30;303(5658):689-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14752164" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Azam, Farooq -- Worden, Alexandra Z -- R01 A146600/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1622-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. fazam@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kondro, Wayne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):942.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15143247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Aug 12;309(5737):997.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16099955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Recent studies showing that most "messenger" RNAs do not encode proteins finally explain the long-standing discrepancy between the small number of protein-coding genes found in vertebrate genomes and the much larger and ever-increasing number of polyadenylated transcripts identified by tag-sampling or microarray-based methods. Exploring the role and diversity of these numerous noncoding RNAs now constitutes a main challenge in transcription research.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Claverie, Jean-Michel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1529-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Structural and Genomics Information Laboratory, CNRS UPR 2589, Institut de Biologie Structurale et Microbiologie, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier, Marseille 13402, France. jean-michel.claverie@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: RNA interference (RNAi) of target genes is triggered by double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) processed by conserved nucleases and accessory factors. To identify the genetic components required for RNAi, we performed a genome-wide screen using an engineered RNAi sensor strain of Caenorhabditis elegans. The RNAi screen identified 90 genes. These included Piwi/PAZ proteins, DEAH helicases, RNA binding/processing factors, chromatin-associated factors, DNA recombination proteins, nuclear import/export factors, and 11 known components of the RNAi machinery. We demonstrate that some of these genes are also required for germline and somatic transgene silencing. Moreover, the physical interactions among these potential RNAi factors suggest links to other RNA-dependent gene regulatory pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, John K -- Gabel, Harrison W -- Kamath, Ravi S -- Tewari, Muneesh -- Pasquinelli, Amy -- Rual, Jean-Francois -- Kennedy, Scott -- Dybbs, Michael -- Bertin, Nicolas -- Kaplan, Joshua M -- Vidal, Marc -- Ruvkun, Gary -- GM44619/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K08-AG21613/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 20;308(5725):1164-7. Epub 2005 Mar 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15790806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Sex chromosomes are primary determinants of sexual dimorphism in many organisms. These chromosomes are thought to arise via the divergence of an ancestral autosome pair and are almost certainly influenced by differing selection in males and females. Exploring how sex chromosomes differ from autosomes is highly amenable to genomic analysis. We examined global gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster and report a dramatic underrepresentation of X-chromosome genes showing high relative expression in males. Using comparative genomics, we find that these same X-chromosome genes are exceptionally poorly conserved in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. These data indicate that the X chromosome is a disfavored location for genes selectively expressed in males.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1363366/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1363366/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parisi, Michael -- Nuttall, Rachel -- Naiman, Daniel -- Bouffard, Gerard -- Malley, James -- Andrews, Justen -- Eastman, Scott -- Oliver, Brian -- Z01 DK015600-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 31;299(5607):697-700. Epub 2003 Jan 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-8028, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12511656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Collins, Francis S -- Morgan, Michael -- Patrinos, Aristides -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):286-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 31, Room 4B09, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. fc23a@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):1961.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bloom, Floyd E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 13;300(5626):1680-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuro- pharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. fbloom@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Signaling from the DAF-2/insulin receptor to the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor controls longevity, metabolism, and development in disparate phyla. To identify genes that mediate the conserved biological outputs of daf-2/insulin-like signaling, we used comparative genomics to identify 17 orthologous genes from Caenorhabditis and Drosophila, each of which bears a DAF-16 binding site in the promoter region. One-third of these DAF-16 downstream candidate genes were regulated by daf-2/insulin-like signaling in C. elegans, and RNA interference inactivation of the candidates showed that many of these genes mediate distinct aspects of daf-16 function, including longevity, metabolism, and development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Siu Sylvia -- Kennedy, Scott -- Tolonen, Andrew C -- Ruvkun, Gary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):644-7. Epub 2003 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Greco, Alessandro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1366-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garber, Ken -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1754-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: This study describes comprehensive polling of transcription start and termination sites and analysis of previously unidentified full-length complementary DNAs derived from the mouse genome. We identify the 5' and 3' boundaries of 181,047 transcripts with extensive variation in transcripts arising from alternative promoter usage, splicing, and polyadenylation. There are 16,247 new mouse protein-coding transcripts, including 5154 encoding previously unidentified proteins. Genomic mapping of the transcriptome reveals transcriptional forests, with overlapping transcription on both strands, separated by deserts in which few transcripts are observed. The data provide a comprehensive platform for the comparative analysis of mammalian transcriptional regulation in differentiation and development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carninci, P -- Kasukawa, T -- Katayama, S -- Gough, J -- Frith, M C -- Maeda, N -- Oyama, R -- Ravasi, T -- Lenhard, B -- Wells, C -- Kodzius, R -- Shimokawa, K -- Bajic, V B -- Brenner, S E -- Batalov, S -- Forrest, A R R -- Zavolan, M -- Davis, M J -- Wilming, L G -- Aidinis, V -- Allen, J E -- Ambesi-Impiombato, A -- Apweiler, R -- Aturaliya, R N -- Bailey, T L -- Bansal, M -- Baxter, L -- Beisel, K W -- Bersano, T -- Bono, H -- Chalk, A M -- Chiu, K P -- Choudhary, V -- Christoffels, A -- Clutterbuck, D R -- Crowe, M L -- Dalla, E -- Dalrymple, B P -- de Bono, B -- Della Gatta, G -- di Bernardo, D -- Down, T -- Engstrom, P -- Fagiolini, M -- Faulkner, G -- Fletcher, C F -- Fukushima, T -- Furuno, M -- Futaki, S -- Gariboldi, M -- Georgii-Hemming, P -- Gingeras, T R -- Gojobori, T -- Green, R E -- Gustincich, S -- Harbers, M -- Hayashi, Y -- Hensch, T K -- Hirokawa, N -- Hill, D -- Huminiecki, L -- Iacono, M -- Ikeo, K -- Iwama, A -- Ishikawa, T -- Jakt, M -- Kanapin, A -- Katoh, M -- Kawasawa, Y -- Kelso, J -- Kitamura, H -- Kitano, H -- Kollias, G -- Krishnan, S P T -- Kruger, A -- Kummerfeld, S K -- Kurochkin, I V -- Lareau, L F -- Lazarevic, D -- Lipovich, L -- Liu, J -- Liuni, S -- McWilliam, S -- Madan Babu, M -- Madera, M -- Marchionni, L -- Matsuda, H -- Matsuzawa, S -- Miki, H -- Mignone, F -- Miyake, S -- Morris, K -- Mottagui-Tabar, S -- Mulder, N -- Nakano, N -- Nakauchi, H -- Ng, P -- Nilsson, R -- Nishiguchi, S -- Nishikawa, S -- Nori, F -- Ohara, O -- Okazaki, Y -- Orlando, V -- Pang, K C -- Pavan, W J -- Pavesi, G -- Pesole, G -- Petrovsky, N -- Piazza, S -- Reed, J -- Reid, J F -- Ring, B Z -- Ringwald, M -- Rost, B -- Ruan, Y -- Salzberg, S L -- Sandelin, A -- Schneider, C -- Schonbach, C -- Sekiguchi, K -- Semple, C A M -- Seno, S -- Sessa, L -- Sheng, Y -- Shibata, Y -- Shimada, H -- Shimada, K -- Silva, D -- Sinclair, B -- Sperling, S -- Stupka, E -- Sugiura, K -- Sultana, R -- Takenaka, Y -- Taki, K -- Tammoja, K -- Tan, S L -- Tang, S -- Taylor, M S -- Tegner, J -- Teichmann, S A -- Ueda, H R -- van Nimwegen, E -- Verardo, R -- Wei, C L -- Yagi, K -- Yamanishi, H -- Zabarovsky, E -- Zhu, S -- Zimmer, A -- Hide, W -- Bult, C -- Grimmond, S M -- Teasdale, R D -- Liu, E T -- Brusic, V -- Quackenbush, J -- Wahlestedt, C -- Mattick, J S -- Hume, D A -- Kai, C -- Sasaki, D -- Tomaru, Y -- Fukuda, S -- Kanamori-Katayama, M -- Suzuki, M -- Aoki, J -- Arakawa, T -- Iida, J -- Imamura, K -- Itoh, M -- Kato, T -- Kawaji, H -- Kawagashira, N -- Kawashima, T -- Kojima, M -- Kondo, S -- Konno, H -- Nakano, K -- Ninomiya, N -- Nishio, T -- Okada, M -- Plessy, C -- Shibata, K -- Shiraki, T -- Suzuki, S -- Tagami, M -- Waki, K -- Watahiki, A -- Okamura-Oho, Y -- Suzuki, H -- Kawai, J -- Hayashizaki, Y -- FANTOM Consortium -- RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group and Genome Science Group (Genome Network Project Core Group) -- TGM03P17/Telethon/Italy -- TGM06S01/Telethon/Italy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1559-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, Robert F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):723.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: To initiate studies on how protein-protein interaction (or "interactome") networks relate to multicellular functions, we have mapped a large fraction of the Caenorhabditis elegans interactome network. Starting with a subset of metazoan-specific proteins, more than 4000 interactions were identified from high-throughput, yeast two-hybrid (HT=Y2H) screens. Independent coaffinity purification assays experimentally validated the overall quality of this Y2H data set. Together with already described Y2H interactions and interologs predicted in silico, the current version of the Worm Interactome (WI5) map contains approximately 5500 interactions. Topological and biological features of this interactome network, as well as its integration with phenome and transcriptome data sets, lead to numerous biological hypotheses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1698949/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1698949/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Siming -- Armstrong, Christopher M -- Bertin, Nicolas -- Ge, Hui -- Milstein, Stuart -- Boxem, Mike -- Vidalain, Pierre-Olivier -- Han, Jing-Dong J -- Chesneau, Alban -- Hao, Tong -- Goldberg, Debra S -- Li, Ning -- Martinez, Monica -- Rual, Jean-Francois -- Lamesch, Philippe -- Xu, Lai -- Tewari, Muneesh -- Wong, Sharyl L -- Zhang, Lan V -- Berriz, Gabriel F -- Jacotot, Laurent -- Vaglio, Philippe -- Reboul, Jerome -- Hirozane-Kishikawa, Tomoko -- Li, Qianru -- Gabel, Harrison W -- Elewa, Ahmed -- Baumgartner, Bridget -- Rose, Debra J -- Yu, Haiyuan -- Bosak, Stephanie -- Sequerra, Reynaldo -- Fraser, Andrew -- Mango, Susan E -- Saxton, William M -- Strome, Susan -- Van Den Heuvel, Sander -- Piano, Fabio -- Vandenhaute, Jean -- Sardet, Claude -- Gerstein, Mark -- Doucette-Stamm, Lynn -- Gunsalus, Kristin C -- Harper, J Wade -- Cusick, Michael E -- Roth, Frederick P -- Hill, David E -- Vidal, Marc -- R01 AG011085/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034059/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM034059-18/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):540-3. Epub 2004 Jan 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14704431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Using genomic and mass spectrometry-based proteomic methods, we evaluated gene expression, identified key activities, and examined partitioning of metabolic functions in a natural acid mine drainage (AMD) microbial biofilm community. We detected 2033 proteins from the five most abundant species in the biofilm, including 48% of the predicted proteins from the dominant biofilm organism, Leptospirillum group II. Proteins involved in protein refolding and response to oxidative stress appeared to be highly expressed, which suggests that damage to biomolecules is a key challenge for survival. We validated and estimated the relative abundance and cellular localization of 357 unique and 215 conserved novel proteins and determined that one abundant novel protein is a cytochrome central to iron oxidation and AMD formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ram, Rachna J -- Verberkmoes, Nathan C -- Thelen, Michael P -- Tyson, Gene W -- Baker, Brett J -- Blake, Robert C 2nd -- Shah, Manesh -- Hettich, Robert L -- Banfield, Jillian F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 24;308(5730):1915-20. Epub 2005 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: A comparison of gene content and genome architecture of Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania major, three related pathogens with different life cycles and disease pathology, revealed a conserved core proteome of about 6200 genes in large syntenic polycistronic gene clusters. Many species-specific genes, especially large surface antigen families, occur at nonsyntenic chromosome-internal and subtelomeric regions. Retroelements, structural RNAs, and gene family expansion are often associated with syntenic discontinuities that-along with gene divergence, acquisition and loss, and rearrangement within the syntenic regions-have shaped the genomes of each parasite. Contrary to recent reports, our analyses reveal no evidence that these species are descended from an ancestor that contained a photosynthetic endosymbiont.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉El-Sayed, Najib M -- Myler, Peter J -- Blandin, Gaelle -- Berriman, Matthew -- Crabtree, Jonathan -- Aggarwal, Gautam -- Caler, Elisabet -- Renauld, Hubert -- Worthey, Elizabeth A -- Hertz-Fowler, Christiane -- Ghedin, Elodie -- Peacock, Christopher -- Bartholomeu, Daniella C -- Haas, Brian J -- Tran, Anh-Nhi -- Wortman, Jennifer R -- Alsmark, U Cecilia M -- Angiuoli, Samuel -- Anupama, Atashi -- Badger, Jonathan -- Bringaud, Frederic -- Cadag, Eithon -- Carlton, Jane M -- Cerqueira, Gustavo C -- Creasy, Todd -- Delcher, Arthur L -- Djikeng, Appolinaire -- Embley, T Martin -- Hauser, Christopher -- Ivens, Alasdair C -- Kummerfeld, Sarah K -- Pereira-Leal, Jose B -- Nilsson, Daniel -- Peterson, Jeremy -- Salzberg, Steven L -- Shallom, Joshua -- Silva, Joana C -- Sundaram, Jaideep -- Westenberger, Scott -- White, Owen -- Melville, Sara E -- Donelson, John E -- Andersson, Bjorn -- Stuart, Kenneth D -- Hall, Neil -- AI045039/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45038/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45061/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043062/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI040599/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI043062/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI045038/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI045039/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):404-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. nelsayed@tigr.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16020724" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kondro, Wayne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Mar 4;307(5714):1393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15746399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Small RNAs (sRNAs) can regulate transcript and protein abundance. Previously, they have been identified using traditional cloning approaches, which has limited how many could be characterized. Now, the Meyers and Green laboratories have used massively parallel signature sequencing technology to find over 1.5 million sRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. These new sRNAs reveal a greater-than-expected potential role for sRNAs in gene regulation, preferential expression or usage of sRNAs in flowers, and the prospect of targeted sRNA-mediated regulation of pseudogenes. In addition, new plant microRNAs have been identified, some of which may be unique to Arabidopsis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vaughn, Matthew W -- Martienssen, Rob -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Sep 2;309(5740):1525-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16141062" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 6;308(5723):775.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: To understand biology at the system level, we must examine the structure and dynamics of cellular and organismal function, rather than the characteristics of isolated parts of a cell or organism. Properties of systems, such as robustness, emerge as central issues, and understanding these properties may have an impact on the future of medicine. However, many breakthroughs in experimental devices, advanced software, and analytical methods are required before the achievements of systems biology can live up to their much-touted potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kitano, Hiroaki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1662-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc., 3-14-13 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-0022, Japan. kitano@csl.sony.co.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11872829" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Microorganisms populate every habitable environment on Earth and, through their metabolic activity, affect the chemistry and physical properties of their surroundings. They have done this for billions of years. Over the past decade, genetic, biochemical, and genomic approaches have allowed us to document the diversity of microbial life in geologic systems without cultivation, as well as to begin to elucidate their function. With expansion of culture-independent analyses of microbial communities, it will be possible to quantify gene activity at the species level. Genome-enabled biogeochemical modeling may provide an opportunity to determine how communities function, and how they shape and are shaped by their environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newman, Dianne K -- Banfield, Jillian F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1071-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ronald, Pamela -- Leung, Hei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):58-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. pcronald@ucdavis.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 5;296(5565):32-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11935000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Visualization of chromosomal dynamics is important for understanding many fundamental intra-nuclear processes. Efficient and reliable live-cell multicolor labeling of chromosomal loci can realize this goal. However, the current methods are constrained mainly by insufficient labeling throughput, efficiency, flexibility as well as photostability. Here we have developed a new approach to realize dual-color chromosomal loci imaging based on a modified single-guide RNA (sgRNA) of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The modification of sgRNA was optimized by structure-guided engineering of the original sgRNA, consisting of RNA aptamer insertions that bind fluorescent protein-tagged effectors. By labeling and tracking telomeres, centromeres and genomic loci, we demonstrate that the new approach is easy to implement and enables robust dual-color imaging of genomic elements. Importantly, our data also indicate that the fast exchange rate of RNA aptamer binding effectors makes our sgRNA-based labeling method much more tolerant to photobleaching than the Cas9-based labeling method. This is crucial for continuous, long-term tracking of chromosomal dynamics. Lastly, as our method is complementary to other live-cell genomic labeling systems, it is therefore possible to combine them into a plentiful palette for the study of native chromatin organization and genome ultrastructure dynamics in living cells.

Description: Genetic research has moved rapidly since the publication of Richard Dawkins's The Selfish Gene 40 years ago. In the intervening years, we have come to realize that many of the most interesting and important phenomena in human biology are not caused by any single gene. Citing a wealth of recent research that explores the ways genes work together to produce complex biological processes, Itai Yanai and Martin Lercher argue that it is time to embrace a new, more holistic, metaphor in their book, The Society of Genes. Author: Joseph Swift

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ginsburg, Geoffrey S -- Angrist, Misha -- Cook-Deegan, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):62-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. geoffrey.ginsburg@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The human intestinal microbiota is composed of 10(13) to 10(14) microorganisms whose collective genome ("microbiome") contains at least 100 times as many genes as our own genome. We analyzed approximately 78 million base pairs of unique DNA sequence and 2062 polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA sequences obtained from the fecal DNAs of two healthy adults. Using metabolic function analyses of identified genes, we compared our human genome with the average content of previously sequenced microbial genomes. Our microbiome has significantly enriched metabolism of glycans, amino acids, and xenobiotics; methanogenesis; and 2-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway-mediated biosynthesis of vitamins and isoprenoids. Thus, humans are superorganisms whose metabolism represents an amalgamation of microbial and human attributes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3027896/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3027896/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gill, Steven R -- Pop, Mihai -- Deboy, Robert T -- Eckburg, Paul B -- Turnbaugh, Peter J -- Samuel, Buck S -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- Relman, David A -- Fraser-Liggett, Claire M -- Nelson, Karen E -- AI51259/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK70977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051259/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI051259-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1355-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. srgill@buffalo.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1854-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: A central challenge of genomics is to detect, simply and inexpensively, all differences in sequence among the genomes of individual members of a species. We devised a system to detect all single-nucleotide differences between genomes with the use of data from a single hybridization to a whole-genome DNA microarray. This allowed us to detect a variety of spontaneous single-base pair substitutions, insertions, and deletions, and most (〉90%) of the approximately 30,000 known single-nucleotide polymorphisms between two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. We applied this approach to elucidate the genetic basis of phenotypic variants and to identify the small number of single-base pair changes accumulated during experimental evolution of yeast.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gresham, David -- Ruderfer, Douglas M -- Pratt, Stephen C -- Schacherer, Joseph -- Dunham, Maitreya J -- Botstein, David -- Kruglyak, Leonid -- P50 GM071508/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM046406/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH059520/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1932-6. Epub 2006 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. dgresham@genomics.princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 29;313(5795):1912-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: A characteristic feature of grasses and commercially important cereals is the presence of (1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucans in their cell walls. We have used comparative genomics to link a major quantitative trait locus for (1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucan content in barley grain to a cluster of cellulose synthase-like CslF genes in rice. After insertion of rice CslF genes into Arabidopsis, we detected (1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucan in walls of transgenic plants using specific monoclonal antibodies and enzymatic analysis. Because wild-type Arabidopsis does not contain CslF genes or have (1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucans in its walls, these experiments provide direct, gain-of-function evidence for the participation of rice CslF genes in (1,3;1,4)-beta-d-glucan biosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burton, Rachel A -- Wilson, Sarah M -- Hrmova, Maria -- Harvey, Andrew J -- Shirley, Neil J -- Medhurst, Anne -- Stone, Bruce A -- Newbigin, Edward J -- Bacic, Antony -- Fincher, Geoffrey B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1940-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics; School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine; University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Though generally small and gene rich, bacterial genomes are constantly subjected to both mutational and population-level processes that operate to increase amounts of functionless DNA. As a result, the coding potential of bacterial genomes can be substantially lower than originally predicted. Whereas only a single pseudogene was included in the original annotation of the bacterium Escherichia coli, we estimate that this genome harbors hundreds of inactivated and otherwise functionless genes. Such regions will never yield a detectable phenotype, but their identification is vital to efforts to elucidate the biological role of all the proteins within the cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ochman, Howard -- Davalos, Liliana M -- GM56120/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 24;311(5768):1730-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. hochman@email.arizona.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16556833" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kintisch, Eli -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):746.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Equipped with faster, cheaper technologies for sequencing DNA and assessing variation in genomes on scales ranging from one to millions of bases, researchers are finding out how truly different we are from one another.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1842-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096770" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Sponges (phylum Porifera) were prolific reef-building organisms during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic approximately 542 to 65 million years ago. These ancient animals inherited components of the first multicellular skeletogenic toolkit from the last common ancestor of the Metazoa. Using a paleogenomics approach, including gene- and protein-expression techniques and phylogenetic reconstruction, we show that a molecular component of this toolkit was the precursor to the alpha-carbonic anhydrases (alpha-CAs), a gene family used by extant animals in a variety of fundamental physiological processes. We used the coralline demosponge Astrosclera willeyana, a "living fossil" that has survived from the Mesozoic, to provide insight into the evolution of the ability to biocalcify, and show that the alpha-CA family expanded from a single ancestral gene through several independent gene-duplication events in sponges and eumetazoans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, Daniel J -- Macis, Luciana -- Reitner, Joachim -- Degnan, Bernard M -- Worheide, Gert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jun 29;316(5833):1893-5. Epub 2007 May 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geoscience Centre Gottingen, Department of Geobiology, Goldschmidtstrasse 3, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17540861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keeling, Patrick J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1875-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Botany Department, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada. pkeeling@interchange.ubc.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1833.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096769" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The genome of the eukaryotic protist Giardia lamblia, an important human intestinal parasite, is compact in structure and content, contains few introns or mitochondrial relics, and has simplified machinery for DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, and most metabolic pathways. Protein kinases comprise the single largest protein class and reflect Giardia's requirement for a complex signal transduction network for coordinating differentiation. Lateral gene transfer from bacterial and archaeal donors has shaped Giardia's genome, and previously unknown gene families, for example, cysteine-rich structural proteins, have been discovered. Unexpectedly, the genome shows little evidence of heterozygosity, supporting recent speculations that this organism is sexual. This genome sequence will not only be valuable for investigating the evolution of eukaryotes, but will also be applied to the search for new therapeutics for this parasite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, Hilary G -- McArthur, Andrew G -- Gillin, Frances D -- Aley, Stephen B -- Adam, Rodney D -- Olsen, Gary J -- Best, Aaron A -- Cande, W Zacheus -- Chen, Feng -- Cipriano, Michael J -- Davids, Barbara J -- Dawson, Scott C -- Elmendorf, Heidi G -- Hehl, Adrian B -- Holder, Michael E -- Huse, Susan M -- Kim, Ulandt U -- Lasek-Nesselquist, Erica -- Manning, Gerard -- Nigam, Anuranjini -- Nixon, Julie E J -- Palm, Daniel -- Passamaneck, Nora E -- Prabhu, Anjali -- Reich, Claudia I -- Reiner, David S -- Samuelson, John -- Svard, Staffan G -- Sogin, Mitchell L -- AI42488/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI43273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI51687/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048082/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1921-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015, USA. morrison@mbl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1848-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Correlated gene arrangements among taxa provide a valuable framework for inference of shared ancestry of genes and for the utilization of findings from model organisms to study less-well-understood systems. In angiosperms, comparisons of gene arrangements are complicated by recurring polyploidy and extensive genome rearrangement. New genome sequences and improved analytical approaches are clarifying angiosperm evolution and revealing patterns of differential gene loss after genome duplication and differential gene retention associated with evolution of some morphological complexity. Because of variability in DNA substitution rates among taxa and genes, deviation from collinearity might be a more reliable phylogenetic character.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tang, Haibao -- Bowers, John E -- Wang, Xiyin -- Ming, Ray -- Alam, Maqsudul -- Paterson, Andrew H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):486-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1153917.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436778" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The identification of untranslated regions, introns, and coding regions within an organism remains challenging. We developed a quantitative sequencing-based method called RNA-Seq for mapping transcribed regions, in which complementary DNA fragments are subjected to high-throughput sequencing and mapped to the genome. We applied RNA-Seq to generate a high-resolution transcriptome map of the yeast genome and demonstrated that most (74.5%) of the nonrepetitive sequence of the yeast genome is transcribed. We confirmed many known and predicted introns and demonstrated that others are not actively used. Alternative initiation codons and upstream open reading frames also were identified for many yeast genes. We also found unexpected 3'-end heterogeneity and the presence of many overlapping genes. These results indicate that the yeast transcriptome is more complex than previously appreciated.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2951732/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2951732/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nagalakshmi, Ugrappa -- Wang, Zhong -- Waern, Karl -- Shou, Chong -- Raha, Debasish -- Gerstein, Mark -- Snyder, Michael -- P50 HG002357/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG002357-10/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA077808/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA077808-12/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 6;320(5881):1344-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1158441. Epub 2008 May 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18451266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: HIV-1 exploits multiple host proteins during infection. We performed a large-scale small interfering RNA screen to identify host factors required by HIV-1 and identified more than 250 HIV-dependency factors (HDFs). These proteins participate in a broad array of cellular functions and implicate new pathways in the viral life cycle. Further analysis revealed previously unknown roles for retrograde Golgi transport proteins (Rab6 and Vps53) in viral entry, a karyopherin (TNPO3) in viral integration, and the Mediator complex (Med28) in viral transcription. Transcriptional analysis revealed that HDF genes were enriched for high expression in immune cells, suggesting that viruses evolve in host cells that optimally perform the functions required for their life cycle. This effort illustrates the power with which RNA interference and forward genetics can be used to expose the dependencies of human pathogens such as HIV, and in so doing identify potential targets for therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brass, Abraham L -- Dykxhoorn, Derek M -- Benita, Yair -- Yan, Nan -- Engelman, Alan -- Xavier, Ramnik J -- Lieberman, Judy -- Elledge, Stephen J -- AI052014/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI062773/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI060354/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK040561/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK040561-13/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19-AI056900/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 15;319(5865):921-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1152725. Epub 2008 Jan 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Center for Genetics and Genomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18187620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1770-1. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5909.1770.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henikoff, Steven -- Strahl, Brian D -- Warburton, Peter E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 7;322(5903):853. doi: 10.1126/science.322.5903.853a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18988822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 22;321(5892):1028-9. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5892.1028b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18719257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: By virtue of their accumulated genetic alterations, tumor cells may acquire vulnerabilities that create opportunities for therapeutic intervention. We have devised a massively parallel strategy for screening short hairpin RNA (shRNA) collections for stable loss-of-function phenotypes. We assayed from 6000 to 20,000 shRNAs simultaneously to identify genes important for the proliferation and survival of five cell lines derived from human mammary tissue. Lethal shRNAs common to these cell lines targeted many known cell-cycle regulatory networks. Cell line-specific sensitivities to suppression of protein complexes and biological pathways also emerged, and these could be validated by RNA interference (RNAi) and pharmacologically. These studies establish a practical platform for genome-scale screening of complex phenotypes in mammalian cells and demonstrate that RNAi can be used to expose genotype-specific sensitivities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981861/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2981861/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silva, Jose M -- Marran, Krista -- Parker, Joel S -- Silva, Javier -- Golding, Michael -- Schlabach, Michael R -- Elledge, Stephen J -- Hannon, Gregory J -- Chang, Kenneth -- P01 CA013106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-36/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA013106-37/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 1;319(5863):617-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1149185.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Watson School of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18239125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Genetics aims to understand the relation between genotype and phenotype. However, because complete deletion of most yeast genes ( approximately 80%) has no obvious phenotypic consequence in rich medium, it is difficult to study their functions. To uncover phenotypes for this nonessential fraction of the genome, we performed 1144 chemical genomic assays on the yeast whole-genome heterozygous and homozygous deletion collections and quantified the growth fitness of each deletion strain in the presence of chemical or environmental stress conditions. We found that 97% of gene deletions exhibited a measurable growth phenotype, suggesting that nearly all genes are essential for optimal growth in at least one condition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2794835/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2794835/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hillenmeyer, Maureen E -- Fung, Eula -- Wildenhain, Jan -- Pierce, Sarah E -- Hoon, Shawn -- Lee, William -- Proctor, Michael -- St Onge, Robert P -- Tyers, Mike -- Koller, Daphne -- Altman, Russ B -- Davis, Ronald W -- Nislow, Corey -- Giaever, Guri -- U01 GM061374/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM061374-09/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 18;320(5874):362-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1150021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18420932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinstein, John N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Mar 28;319(5871):1772-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1151888.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. jweinste@mdanderson.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Feb 13;323(5916):870. doi: 10.1126/science.323.5916.870.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19213890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Transcriptional feedback loops constitute the molecular circuitry of the plant circadian clock. In Arabidopsis, a core loop is established between CCA1 and TOC1. Although CCA1 directly represses TOC1, the TOC1 protein has no DNA binding domains, which suggests that it cannot directly regulate CCA1. We established a functional genomic strategy that led to the identification of CHE, a TCP transcription factor that binds specifically to the CCA1 promoter. CHE is a clock component partially redundant with LHY in the repression of CCA1. The expression of CHE is regulated by CCA1, thus adding a CCA1/CHE feedback loop to the Arabidopsis circadian network. Because CHE and TOC1 interact, and CHE binds to the CCA1 promoter, a molecular linkage between TOC1 and CCA1 gene regulation is established.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4259050/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4259050/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pruneda-Paz, Jose L -- Breton, Ghislain -- Para, Alessia -- Kay, Steve A -- GM56006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM67837/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM067837/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 13;323(5920):1481-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1167206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19286557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sgaramella, Vittorio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):32-3. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5987.32-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hanotte, Olivier -- Dessie, Tadelle -- Kemp, Steve -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1640-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1186254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091000/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091000/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akil, Huda -- Brenner, Sydney -- Kandel, Eric -- Kendler, Kenneth S -- King, Mary-Claire -- Scolnick, Edward -- Watson, James D -- Zoghbi, Huda Y -- P01 DA021633/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA021633-01A2/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1580-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1188654.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. akil@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390060/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390060/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Storz, Jay F -- R01 HL087216/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):40-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1192481.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. jstorz2@unl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Brown rot decay removes cellulose and hemicellulose from wood--residual lignin contributing up to 30% of forest soil carbon--and is derived from an ancestral white rot saprotrophy in which both lignin and cellulose are decomposed. Comparative and functional genomics of the "dry rot" fungus Serpula lacrymans, derived from forest ancestors, demonstrated that the evolution of both ectomycorrhizal biotrophy and brown rot saprotrophy were accompanied by reductions and losses in specific protein families, suggesting adaptation to an intercellular interaction with plant tissue. Transcriptome and proteome analysis also identified differences in wood decomposition in S. lacrymans relative to the brown rot Postia placenta. Furthermore, fungal nutritional mode diversification suggests that the boreal forest biome originated via genetic coevolution of above- and below-ground biota.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eastwood, Daniel C -- Floudas, Dimitrios -- Binder, Manfred -- Majcherczyk, Andrzej -- Schneider, Patrick -- Aerts, Andrea -- Asiegbu, Fred O -- Baker, Scott E -- Barry, Kerrie -- Bendiksby, Mika -- Blumentritt, Melanie -- Coutinho, Pedro M -- Cullen, Dan -- de Vries, Ronald P -- Gathman, Allen -- Goodell, Barry -- Henrissat, Bernard -- Ihrmark, Katarina -- Kauserud, Havard -- Kohler, Annegret -- LaButti, Kurt -- Lapidus, Alla -- Lavin, Jose L -- Lee, Yong-Hwan -- Lindquist, Erika -- Lilly, Walt -- Lucas, Susan -- Morin, Emmanuelle -- Murat, Claude -- Oguiza, Jose A -- Park, Jongsun -- Pisabarro, Antonio G -- Riley, Robert -- Rosling, Anna -- Salamov, Asaf -- Schmidt, Olaf -- Schmutz, Jeremy -- Skrede, Inger -- Stenlid, Jan -- Wiebenga, Ad -- Xie, Xinfeng -- Kues, Ursula -- Hibbett, David S -- Hoffmeister, Dirk -- Hogberg, Nils -- Martin, Francis -- Grigoriev, Igor V -- Watkinson, Sarah C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Aug 5;333(6043):762-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1205411. Epub 2011 Jul 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Science, University of Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK. d.c.eastwood@swansea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21764756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 23;334(6063):1630-1. doi: 10.1126/science.334.6063.1630.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forsberg, Joanna Stjernschantz -- Hansson, Mats G -- Eriksson, Stefan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Apr 15;332(6027):306; author reply 306. doi: 10.1126/science.332.6027.306-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493845" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lahiri, Debomoy K -- R01AG18379/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG18884/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Jan 14;331(6014):147. doi: 10.1126/science.331.6014.147-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21233370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The history of click-speaking Khoe-San, and African populations in general, remains poorly understood. We genotyped ~2.3 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 220 southern Africans and found that the Khoe-San diverged from other populations 〉/=100,000 years ago, but population structure within the Khoe-San dated back to about 35,000 years ago. Genetic variation in various sub-Saharan populations did not localize the origin of modern humans to a single geographic region within Africa; instead, it indicated a history of admixture and stratification. We found evidence of adaptation targeting muscle function and immune response; potential adaptive introgression of protection from ultraviolet light; and selection predating modern human diversification, involving skeletal and neurological development. These new findings illustrate the importance of African genomic diversity in understanding human evolutionary history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlebusch, Carina M -- Skoglund, Pontus -- Sjodin, Per -- Gattepaille, Lucie M -- Hernandez, Dena -- Jay, Flora -- Li, Sen -- De Jongh, Michael -- Singleton, Andrew -- Blum, Michael G B -- Soodyall, Himla -- Jakobsson, Mattias -- Z01 AG000932-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 19;338(6105):374-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1227721. Epub 2012 Sep 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. carina.schlebusch@ebc.uu.se〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 8;336(6086):1246-7. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6086.1246. Epub 2012 Jun 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22674333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: We report genomic analysis of 300 meningiomas, the most common primary brain tumors, leading to the discovery of mutations in TRAF7, a proapoptotic E3 ubiquitin ligase, in nearly one-fourth of all meningiomas. Mutations in TRAF7 commonly occurred with a recurrent mutation (K409Q) in KLF4, a transcription factor known for its role in inducing pluripotency, or with AKT1(E17K), a mutation known to activate the PI3K pathway. SMO mutations, which activate Hedgehog signaling, were identified in ~5% of non-NF2 mutant meningiomas. These non-NF2 meningiomas were clinically distinctive-nearly always benign, with chromosomal stability, and originating from the medial skull base. In contrast, meningiomas with mutant NF2 and/or chromosome 22 loss were more likely to be atypical, showing genomic instability, and localizing to the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. Collectively, these findings identify distinct meningioma subtypes, suggesting avenues for targeted therapeutics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, Victoria E -- Erson-Omay, E Zeynep -- Serin, Akdes -- Yin, Jun -- Cotney, Justin -- Ozduman, Koray -- Avsar, Timucin -- Li, Jie -- Murray, Phillip B -- Henegariu, Octavian -- Yilmaz, Saliha -- Gunel, Jennifer Moliterno -- Carrion-Grant, Geneive -- Yilmaz, Baran -- Grady, Conor -- Tanrikulu, Bahattin -- Bakircioglu, Mehmet -- Kaymakcalan, Hande -- Caglayan, Ahmet Okay -- Sencar, Leman -- Ceyhun, Emre -- Atik, A Fatih -- Bayri, Yasar -- Bai, Hanwen -- Kolb, Luis E -- Hebert, Ryan M -- Omay, S Bulent -- Mishra-Gorur, Ketu -- Choi, Murim -- Overton, John D -- Holland, Eric C -- Mane, Shrikant -- State, Matthew W -- Bilguvar, Kaya -- Baehring, Joachim M -- Gutin, Philip H -- Piepmeier, Joseph M -- Vortmeyer, Alexander -- Brennan, Cameron W -- Pamir, M Necmettin -- Kilic, Turker -- Lifton, Richard P -- Noonan, James P -- Yasuno, Katsuhito -- Gunel, Murat -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 1;339(6123):1077-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1233009. Epub 2013 Jan 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurosurgery, Yale Program in Brain Tumor Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23348505" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Interpreting variants, especially noncoding ones, in the increasing number of personal genomes is challenging. We used patterns of polymorphisms in functionally annotated regions in 1092 humans to identify deleterious variants; then we experimentally validated candidates. We analyzed both coding and noncoding regions, with the former corroborating the latter. We found regions particularly sensitive to mutations ("ultrasensitive") and variants that are disruptive because of mechanistic effects on transcription-factor binding (that is, "motif-breakers"). We also found variants in regions with higher network centrality tend to be deleterious. Insertions and deletions followed a similar pattern to single-nucleotide variants, with some notable exceptions (e.g., certain deletions and enhancers). On the basis of these patterns, we developed a computational tool (FunSeq), whose application to ~90 cancer genomes reveals nearly a hundred candidate noncoding drivers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3947637/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3947637/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khurana, Ekta -- Fu, Yao -- Colonna, Vincenza -- Mu, Xinmeng Jasmine -- Kang, Hyun Min -- Lappalainen, Tuuli -- Sboner, Andrea -- Lochovsky, Lucas -- Chen, Jieming -- Harmanci, Arif -- Das, Jishnu -- Abyzov, Alexej -- Balasubramanian, Suganthi -- Beal, Kathryn -- Chakravarty, Dimple -- Challis, Daniel -- Chen, Yuan -- Clarke, Declan -- Clarke, Laura -- Cunningham, Fiona -- Evani, Uday S -- Flicek, Paul -- Fragoza, Robert -- Garrison, Erik -- Gibbs, Richard -- Gumus, Zeynep H -- Herrero, Javier -- Kitabayashi, Naoki -- Kong, Yong -- Lage, Kasper -- Liluashvili, Vaja -- Lipkin, Steven M -- MacArthur, Daniel G -- Marth, Gabor -- Muzny, Donna -- Pers, Tune H -- Ritchie, Graham R S -- Rosenfeld, Jeffrey A -- Sisu, Cristina -- Wei, Xiaomu -- Wilson, Michael -- Xue, Yali -- Yu, Fuli -- 1000 Genomes Project Consortium -- Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- Yu, Haiyuan -- Rubin, Mark A -- Tyler-Smith, Chris -- Gerstein, Mark -- 085532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- CA167824/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- G12 MD007579/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ -- G12 RR003050/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- GM104424/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG005718/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG007000/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P20 MD006899/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA166661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002898/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA152057/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01HG4719/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 CA111275/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG005718/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG6513/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U41 HG007000/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000457/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- WT085532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Oct 4;342(6154):1235587. doi: 10.1126/science.1235587.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24092746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 19;340(6130):269-71. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6130.269.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23599457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leslie, Mitch -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 4;339(6115):25-7. doi: 10.1126/science.339.6115.25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The importance, extent, and mode of interspecific gene flow for the evolution of species has long been debated. Characterization of genomic differentiation in a classic example of hybridization between all-black carrion crows and gray-coated hooded crows identified genome-wide introgression extending far beyond the morphological hybrid zone. Gene expression divergence was concentrated in pigmentation genes expressed in gray versus black feather follicles. Only a small number of narrow genomic islands exhibited resistance to gene flow. One prominent genomic region (〈2 megabases) harbored 81 of all 82 fixed differences (of 8.4 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms in total) linking genes involved in pigmentation and in visual perception-a genomic signal reflecting color-mediated prezygotic isolation. Thus, localized genomic selection can cause marked heterogeneity in introgression landscapes while maintaining phenotypic divergence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poelstra, J W -- Vijay, N -- Bossu, C M -- Lantz, H -- Ryll, B -- Muller, I -- Baglione, V -- Unneberg, P -- Wikelski, M -- Grabherr, M G -- Wolf, J B W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 20;344(6190):1410-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1253226.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science for Life Laboratory and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Life Sciences, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Science for Life Laboratory and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany. Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany. ; Departamento de Ciencias Agro-Forestales, Campus La Yutera, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain. ; Science for Life Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 171 21 Solna, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Science for Life Laboratory and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden. jochen.wolf@ebc.uu.se.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948738" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1275-6. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6215.1275.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4407557/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4407557/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Guojie -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- DP1 OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1308-9. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6215.1308.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Prehistoric population structure associated with the transition to an agricultural lifestyle in Europe remains a contentious idea. Population-genomic data from 11 Scandinavian Stone Age human remains suggest that hunter-gatherers had lower genetic diversity than that of farmers. Despite their close geographical proximity, the genetic differentiation between the two Stone Age groups was greater than that observed among extant European populations. Additionally, the Scandinavian Neolithic farmers exhibited a greater degree of hunter-gatherer-related admixture than that of the Tyrolean Iceman, who also originated from a farming context. In contrast, Scandinavian hunter-gatherers displayed no significant evidence of introgression from farmers. Our findings suggest that Stone Age foraging groups were historically in low numbers, likely owing to oscillating living conditions or restricted carrying capacity, and that they were partially incorporated into expanding farming groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skoglund, Pontus -- Malmstrom, Helena -- Omrak, Ayca -- Raghavan, Maanasa -- Valdiosera, Cristina -- Gunther, Torsten -- Hall, Per -- Tambets, Kristiina -- Parik, Juri -- Sjogren, Karl-Goran -- Apel, Jan -- Willerslev, Eske -- Stora, Jan -- Gotherstrom, Anders -- Jakobsson, Mattias -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):747-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1253448. Epub 2014 Apr 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden. ; Department of Archaeology and Classical studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark. ; Department of Archaeology, Environment and Community Planning, La Trobe University, Melbourne VIC 3086, Australia. ; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden. ; Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre and University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia. ; Department of Historical Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden. ; Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, Lund, 221 00, Sweden. ; Department of Archaeology and Classical studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden. tsarapkin@googlemail.com mattias.jakobsson@ebc.uu.se. ; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden. Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden. tsarapkin@googlemail.com mattias.jakobsson@ebc.uu.se.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24762536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Edentulism, the absence of teeth, has evolved convergently among vertebrates, including birds, turtles, and several lineages of mammals. Instead of teeth, modern birds (Neornithes) use a horny beak (rhamphotheca) and a muscular gizzard to acquire and process food. We performed comparative genomic analyses representing lineages of nearly all extant bird orders and recovered shared, inactivating mutations within genes expressed in both the enamel and dentin of teeth of other vertebrate species, indicating that the common ancestor of modern birds lacked mineralized teeth. We estimate that tooth loss, or at least the loss of enamel caps that provide the outer layer of mineralized teeth, occurred about 116 million years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meredith, Robert W -- Zhang, Guojie -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Springer, Mark S -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1254390. doi: 10.1126/science.1254390. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA. meredithr@mail.montclair.edu mark.springer@ucr.edu. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Center for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. meredithr@mail.montclair.edu mark.springer@ucr.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312280/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4312280/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gorbunova, Vera -- Boeke, Jef D -- Helfand, Stephen L -- Sedivy, John M -- P01 AG047200/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01AG047200/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30GM103410/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM107632/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50GM107632/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG024353/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027237/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG024353/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01AG027237/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R37 AG016667/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R37 AG016694/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R37AG016667/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R37AG016694/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32 AG041688/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32AG041688/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 5;346(6214):1187-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa3177.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. ; Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. john_sedivy@brown.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25477445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Insects are the most speciose group of animals, but the phylogenetic relationships of many major lineages remain unresolved. We inferred the phylogeny of insects from 1478 protein-coding genes. Phylogenomic analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, with site-specific nucleotide or domain-specific amino acid substitution models, produced statistically robust and congruent results resolving previously controversial phylogenetic relations hips. We dated the origin of insects to the Early Ordovician [~479 million years ago (Ma)], of insect flight to the Early Devonian (~406 Ma), of major extant lineages to the Mississippian (~345 Ma), and the major diversification of holometabolous insects to the Early Cretaceous. Our phylogenomic study provides a comprehensive reliable scaffold for future comparative analyses of evolutionary innovations among insects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Misof, Bernhard -- Liu, Shanlin -- Meusemann, Karen -- Peters, Ralph S -- Donath, Alexander -- Mayer, Christoph -- Frandsen, Paul B -- Ware, Jessica -- Flouri, Tomas -- Beutel, Rolf G -- Niehuis, Oliver -- Petersen, Malte -- Izquierdo-Carrasco, Fernando -- Wappler, Torsten -- Rust, Jes -- Aberer, Andre J -- Aspock, Ulrike -- Aspock, Horst -- Bartel, Daniela -- Blanke, Alexander -- Berger, Simon -- Bohm, Alexander -- Buckley, Thomas R -- Calcott, Brett -- Chen, Junqing -- Friedrich, Frank -- Fukui, Makiko -- Fujita, Mari -- Greve, Carola -- Grobe, Peter -- Gu, Shengchang -- Huang, Ying -- Jermiin, Lars S -- Kawahara, Akito Y -- Krogmann, Lars -- Kubiak, Martin -- Lanfear, Robert -- Letsch, Harald -- Li, Yiyuan -- Li, Zhenyu -- Li, Jiguang -- Lu, Haorong -- Machida, Ryuichiro -- Mashimo, Yuta -- Kapli, Pashalia -- McKenna, Duane D -- Meng, Guanliang -- Nakagaki, Yasutaka -- Navarrete-Heredia, Jose Luis -- Ott, Michael -- Ou, Yanxiang -- Pass, Gunther -- Podsiadlowski, Lars -- Pohl, Hans -- von Reumont, Bjorn M -- Schutte, Kai -- Sekiya, Kaoru -- Shimizu, Shota -- Slipinski, Adam -- Stamatakis, Alexandros -- Song, Wenhui -- Su, Xu -- Szucsich, Nikolaus U -- Tan, Meihua -- Tan, Xuemei -- Tang, Min -- Tang, Jingbo -- Timelthaler, Gerald -- Tomizuka, Shigekazu -- Trautwein, Michelle -- Tong, Xiaoli -- Uchifune, Toshiki -- Walzl, Manfred G -- Wiegmann, Brian M -- Wilbrandt, Jeanne -- Wipfler, Benjamin -- Wong, Thomas K F -- Wu, Qiong -- Wu, Gengxiong -- Xie, Yinlong -- Yang, Shenzhou -- Yang, Qing -- Yeates, David K -- Yoshizawa, Kazunori -- Zhang, Qing -- Zhang, Rui -- Zhang, Wenwei -- Zhang, Yunhui -- Zhao, Jing -- Zhou, Chengran -- Zhou, Lili -- Ziesmann, Tanja -- Zou, Shijie -- Li, Yingrui -- Xu, Xun -- Zhang, Yong -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Jun -- Kjer, Karl M -- Zhou, Xin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 7;346(6210):763-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1257570. Epub 2014 Nov 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK)/Zentrum fur Molekulare Biodiversitatsforschung (ZMB), Bonn, Germany. xinzhou@genomics.cn b.misof.zfmk@uni-bonn.de kjer@aesop.rutgers.edu wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, China. BGI-Shenzhen, China. ; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK)/Zentrum fur Molekulare Biodiversitatsforschung (ZMB), Bonn, Germany. Australian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia) (CSIRO), National Research Collections Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. ; Abteilung Arthropoda, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Bonn, Germany. ; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK)/Zentrum fur Molekulare Biodiversitatsforschung (ZMB), Bonn, Germany. ; Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA. ; Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 08854, USA. ; Scientific Computing, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany. ; Institut fur Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie mit Phyletischem Museum Jena, FSU Jena, Germany. ; Steinmann-Institut, Bereich Palaontologie, Universitat Bonn, Germany. ; 2. Zoologische Abteilung (Insekten), Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria. Department of Integrative Zoology, Universitat Wien, Vienna, Austria. ; Institut fur Spezifische Prophylaxe und Tropenmedizin, Medizinische Parasitologie, Medizinische Universitat Wien (MUW), Vienna, Austria. ; Department of Integrative Zoology, Universitat Wien, Vienna, Austria. ; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK)/Zentrum fur Molekulare Biodiversitatsforschung (ZMB), Bonn, Germany. Sugadaira Montane Research Center/Hexapod Comparative Embryology Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Japan. ; Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand. ; Center for Advanced Modeling, Emergency Medicine Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA. ; BGI-Shenzhen, China. ; Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universitat Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. ; Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Japan. ; Sugadaira Montane Research Center/Hexapod Comparative Embryology Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Japan. ; Land and Water Flagship, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia. ; Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; Entomology, Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart (SMNS), Germany. ; Ecology Evolution and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. ; Department fur Botanik und Biodiversitatsforschung, Universitat Wien, Vienna, Austria. ; Scientific Computing, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany. Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Post Office Box 2208, Gr-71409, Iraklio, and Biology Department, University of Crete, Iraklio, Crete, Greece. ; Department of Biological Sciences and Feinstone Center for Genomic Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA. ; Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Centro de Estudios en Zoologia, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. ; Leibniz Supercomputing Centre of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Garching, Germany. ; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. ; Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, London, UK. ; Abteilung Entomologie, Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universitat Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. ; Australian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia) (CSIRO), National Research Collections Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia. ; Scientific Computing, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany. Fakultat fur Informatik, Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany. ; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. ; Department of Entomology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, China. ; Sugadaira Montane Research Center/Hexapod Comparative Embryology Laboratory, University of Tsukuba, Japan. Yokosuka City Museum, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. ; Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. ; Systematic Entomology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. ; BGI-Shenzhen, China. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. xinzhou@genomics.cn b.misof.zfmk@uni-bonn.de kjer@aesop.rutgers.edu wangj@genomics.cn. ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA. xinzhou@genomics.cn b.misof.zfmk@uni-bonn.de kjer@aesop.rutgers.edu wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, China. BGI-Shenzhen, China. xinzhou@genomics.cn b.misof.zfmk@uni-bonn.de kjer@aesop.rutgers.edu wangj@genomics.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: All plants synthesize basic metabolites needed for survival (primary metabolism), but different taxa produce distinct metabolites that are specialized for specific environmental interactions (specialized metabolism). Because evolutionary pressures on primary and specialized metabolism differ, we investigated differences in the emergence and maintenance of these processes across 16 species encompassing major plant lineages from algae to angiosperms. We found that, relative to their primary metabolic counterparts, genes coding for specialized metabolic functions have proliferated to a much greater degree and by different mechanisms and display lineage-specific patterns of physical clustering within the genome and coexpression. These properties illustrate the differential evolution of specialized metabolism in plants, and collectively they provide unique signatures for the potential discovery of novel specialized metabolic processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chae, Lee -- Kim, Taehyong -- Nilo-Poyanco, Ricardo -- Rhee, Seung Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 2;344(6183):510-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1252076.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24786077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: The origin of contemporary Europeans remains contentious. We obtained a genome sequence from Kostenki 14 in European Russia dating from 38,700 to 36,200 years ago, one of the oldest fossils of anatomically modern humans from Europe. We find that Kostenki 14 shares a close ancestry with the 24,000-year-old Mal'ta boy from central Siberia, European Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, some contemporary western Siberians, and many Europeans, but not eastern Asians. Additionally, the Kostenki 14 genome shows evidence of shared ancestry with a population basal to all Eurasians that also relates to later European Neolithic farmers. We find that Kostenki 14 contains more Neandertal DNA that is contained in longer tracts than present Europeans. Our findings reveal the timing of divergence of western Eurasians and East Asians to be more than 36,200 years ago and that European genomic structure today dates back to the Upper Paleolithic and derives from a metapopulation that at times stretched from Europe to central Asia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seguin-Orlando, Andaine -- Korneliussen, Thorfinn S -- Sikora, Martin -- Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo -- Manica, Andrea -- Moltke, Ida -- Albrechtsen, Anders -- Ko, Amy -- Margaryan, Ashot -- Moiseyev, Vyacheslav -- Goebel, Ted -- Westaway, Michael -- Lambert, David -- Khartanovich, Valeri -- Wall, Jeffrey D -- Nigst, Philip R -- Foley, Robert A -- Lahr, Marta Mirazon -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Orlando, Ludovic -- Willerslev, Eske -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Nov 28;346(6213):1113-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa0114. Epub 2014 Nov 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK. ; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, Cummings Life Science Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. The Bioinformatics Center, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Kobenhavn N, Denmark. ; The Bioinformatics Center, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Kobenhavn N, Denmark. ; Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia. ; Department of Physical Anthropology, Kunstkamera, Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Srednii Prospect, Vassilievskii Island, St. Petersburg, Russia. ; Center for the Study of the First Americans and Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, TAMU-4352, College Station, Texas 77845-4352, USA. ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Lobby 5, Suite 5700, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. ; Division of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3DZ, UK. Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Germany. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, CB2 1QH, UK. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Street, CB2 1QH, UK. ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk rasmus_nielsen@berkeley.edu mbml1@cam.ac.uk. ; Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia. ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk rasmus_nielsen@berkeley.edu mbml1@cam.ac.uk. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk rasmus_nielsen@berkeley.edu mbml1@cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Friend, Stephen H -- Schadt, Eric E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):970-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1255648.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, 98109 USA Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029, USA. friend@sagebase.org eric.schadt@exchange.mssm.edu. ; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029, USA. friend@sagebase.org eric.schadt@exchange.mssm.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24876479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Monoclonal antibodies directed against cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), such as ipilimumab, yield considerable clinical benefit for patients with metastatic melanoma by inhibiting immune checkpoint activity, but clinical predictors of response to these therapies remain incompletely characterized. To investigate the roles of tumor-specific neoantigens and alterations in the tumor microenvironment in the response to ipilimumab, we analyzed whole exomes from pretreatment melanoma tumor biopsies and matching germline tissue samples from 110 patients. For 40 of these patients, we also obtained and analyzed transcriptome data from the pretreatment tumor samples. Overall mutational load, neoantigen load, and expression of cytolytic markers in the immune microenvironment were significantly associated with clinical benefit. However, no recurrent neoantigen peptide sequences predicted responder patient populations. Thus, detailed integrated molecular characterization of large patient cohorts may be needed to identify robust determinants of response and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Allen, Eliezer M -- Miao, Diana -- Schilling, Bastian -- Shukla, Sachet A -- Blank, Christian -- Zimmer, Lisa -- Sucker, Antje -- Hillen, Uwe -- Foppen, Marnix H Geukes -- Goldinger, Simone M -- Utikal, Jochen -- Hassel, Jessica C -- Weide, Benjamin -- Kaehler, Katharina C -- Loquai, Carmen -- Mohr, Peter -- Gutzmer, Ralf -- Dummer, Reinhard -- Gabriel, Stacey -- Wu, Catherine J -- Schadendorf, Dirk -- Garraway, Levi A -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Oct 9;350(6257):207-11. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0095. Epub 2015 Sep 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium(DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center(DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany. Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center(DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany. Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, University Medical Center, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany. ; Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany. ; Department of Dermatology, Elbe-Kliniken, 21614 Buxtehude, Germany. ; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany. ; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium(DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany. levi_garraway@dfci.harvard.edu dirk.schadendorf@uk-essen.de. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. levi_garraway@dfci.harvard.edu dirk.schadendorf@uk-essen.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Description: Introgressive hybridization is now recognized as a widespread phenomenon, but its role in evolution remains contested. Here, we use newly available reference genome assemblies to investigate phylogenetic relationships and introgression in a medically important group of Afrotropical mosquito sibling species. We have identified the correct species branching order to resolve a contentious phylogeny and show that lineages leading to the principal vectors of human malaria were among the first to split. Pervasive autosomal introgression between these malaria vectors means that only a small fraction of the genome, mainly on the X chromosome, has not crossed species boundaries. Our results suggest that traits enhancing vectorial capacity may be gained through interspecific gene flow, including between nonsister species.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4380269/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4380269/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fontaine, Michael C -- Pease, James B -- Steele, Aaron -- Waterhouse, Robert M -- Neafsey, Daniel E -- Sharakhov, Igor V -- Jiang, Xiaofang -- Hall, Andrew B -- Catteruccia, Flaminia -- Kakani, Evdoxia -- Mitchell, Sara N -- Wu, Yi-Chieh -- Smith, Hilary A -- Love, R Rebecca -- Lawniczak, Mara K -- Slotman, Michel A -- Emrich, Scott J -- Hahn, Matthew W -- Besansky, Nora J -- HHSN272200900039C/PHS HHS/ -- R01 AI063508/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI076584/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI104956/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI076584/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI085079/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI104956/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21 AI101459/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21AI094289/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21AI099528/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R21AI101459/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32GM007757/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 2;347(6217):1258524. doi: 10.1126/science.1258524. Epub 2014 Nov 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. ; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. ; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. ; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. ; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. The Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. ; The Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Universita degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy. ; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK. ; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. ; Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. ; Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. mwh@indiana.edu nbesansk@nd.edu. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. mwh@indiana.edu nbesansk@nd.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25431491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉