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  • 1
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    A scientific opportunity (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gershon, E S -- Kelsoe, J R -- Kendler, K S -- Watson, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 2;294(5544):957.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11691955" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bipolar Disorder/*genetics ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Schizophrenia/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    No major schizophrenia locus detected on chromosome 1q in a large multicenter sample (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: Reports of substantial evidence for genetic linkage of schizophrenia to chromosome 1q were evaluated by genotyping 16 DNA markers across 107 centimorgans of this chromosome in a multicenter sample of 779 informative schizophrenia pedigrees. No significant evidence was observed for such linkage, nor for heterogeneity in allele sharing among the eight individual samples. Separate analyses of European-origin families, recessive models of inheritance, and families with larger numbers of affected cases also failed to produce significant evidence for linkage. If schizophrenia susceptibility genes are present on chromosome 1q, their population-wide genetic effects are likely to be small.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levinson, Douglas F -- Holmans, Peter A -- Laurent, Claudine -- Riley, Brien -- Pulver, Ann E -- Gejman, Pablo V -- Schwab, Sibylle G -- Williams, Nigel M -- Owen, Michael J -- Wildenauer, Dieter B -- Sanders, Alan R -- Nestadt, Gerald -- Mowry, Bryan J -- Wormley, Brandon -- Bauche, Stephanie -- Soubigou, Stephane -- Ribble, Robert -- Nertney, Deborah A -- Liang, Kung Yee -- Martinolich, Laura -- Maier, Wolfgang -- Norton, Nadine -- Williams, Hywel -- Albus, Margot -- Carpenter, Eric B -- DeMarchi, Nicola -- Ewen-White, Kelly R -- Walsh, Dermot -- Jay, Maurice -- Deleuze, Jean-Francois -- O'Neill, F Anthony -- Papadimitriou, George -- Weilbaecher, Ann -- Lerer, Bernard -- O'Donovan, Michael C -- Dikeos, Dimitris -- Silverman, Jeremy M -- Kendler, Kenneth S -- Mallet, Jacques -- Crowe, Raymond R -- Walters, Marilyn -- G9309834/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9810900/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- K24-MH64197/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- KO2-01207/PHS HHS/ -- MH 41953/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 45390/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH 52537/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH61602/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-MH57314/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH46289/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH46318/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):739-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. dfl@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Alleles ; Australia ; Canada ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/*genetics ; Europe ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; *Genetic Linkage ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Pedigree ; Schizophrenia/ethnology/*genetics ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Common variants on chromosome 6p22.1 are associated with schizophrenia (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-03
    Description: Schizophrenia, a devastating psychiatric disorder, has a prevalence of 0.5-1%, with high heritability (80-85%) and complex transmission. Recent studies implicate rare, large, high-penetrance copy number variants in some cases, but the genes or biological mechanisms that underlie susceptibility are not known. Here we show that schizophrenia is significantly associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the extended major histocompatibility complex region on chromosome 6. We carried out a genome-wide association study of common SNPs in the Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia (MGS) case-control sample, and then a meta-analysis of data from the MGS, International Schizophrenia Consortium and SGENE data sets. No MGS finding achieved genome-wide statistical significance. In the meta-analysis of European-ancestry subjects (8,008 cases, 19,077 controls), significant association with schizophrenia was observed in a region of linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 6p22.1 (P = 9.54 x 10(-9)). This region includes a histone gene cluster and several immunity-related genes--possibly implicating aetiological mechanisms involving chromatin modification, transcriptional regulation, autoimmunity and/or infection. These results demonstrate that common schizophrenia susceptibility alleles can be detected. The characterization of these signals will suggest important directions for research on susceptibility mechanisms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775422/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775422/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shi, Jianxin -- Levinson, Douglas F -- Duan, Jubao -- Sanders, Alan R -- Zheng, Yonglan -- Pe'er, Itsik -- Dudbridge, Frank -- Holmans, Peter A -- Whittemore, Alice S -- Mowry, Bryan J -- Olincy, Ann -- Amin, Farooq -- Cloninger, C Robert -- Silverman, Jeremy M -- Buccola, Nancy G -- Byerley, William F -- Black, Donald W -- Crowe, Raymond R -- Oksenberg, Jorge R -- Mirel, Daniel B -- Kendler, Kenneth S -- Freedman, Robert -- Gejman, Pablo V -- MC_U105292688/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 AG037132/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059565/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059565-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059566/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059566-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059571/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059571-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059571-08S1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059586/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059586-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059587-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH059588-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060870-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060879/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060879-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061675/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061675-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH061675-09S1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH067257-04S1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081800/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081800-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH046276/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH046276-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH046289-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH046318/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH046318-08/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH079469/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH079469-03/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH079470/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH079470-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U54 RR020278/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54 RR020278-05/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Aug 6;460(7256):753-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08192. Epub 2009 Jul 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19571809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/*genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium/genetics ; Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
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    Medicine. The future of psychiatric research: genomes and neural circuits (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091000/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3091000/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akil, Huda -- Brenner, Sydney -- Kandel, Eric -- Kendler, Kenneth S -- King, Mary-Claire -- Scolnick, Edward -- Watson, James D -- Zoghbi, Huda Y -- P01 DA021633/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P01 DA021633-01A2/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1580-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1188654.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. akil@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Forecasting ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Neural Pathways/pathology/physiopathology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/economics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Plasma homovanillic acid concentration and the severity of schizophrenic illness (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-29
    Description: Concentrations of plasma homovanillic acid before treatment were highly correlated with global severity of illness in schizophrenic patients, both before and after treatment. In contrast, a fixed dose of haloperidol did not affect those concentrations. Thus, in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, plasma homovanillic acid may reflect the severity of illness, but not be influenced by short-term pharmacological perturbations by neuroleptics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, K L -- Davidson, M -- Mohs, R C -- Kendler, K S -- Davis, B M -- Johns, C A -- DeNigris, Y -- Horvath, T B -- MH37922/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 29;227(4694):1601-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Haloperidol/pharmacology ; Homovanillic Acid/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; Phenylacetates/*blood ; Schizophrenia/*blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The resolution of cultural and biological inheritance: Informativeness of different relationships (1985)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 15 (1985), S. 439-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Genetic ; cultural ; designs ; twins ; adopteds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The informativeness of different relationships for resolving the genetic and cultural transmission of a continuous variable is explored by computer simulation. Extended twin, extended nuclear-family, and adoption designs are considered. Combining data on twin and parent-offspring pairs provides a powerful means of detecting genetic and cultural transmission. The addition of uncle-nephew and first-cousin data sometimes leads to an increase in power. Designs involving monozygotic twin pairs and their offspring are weaker. The most powerful adoption designs involve data on both biological parent-adopted-away offspring and adoptive parent-adopted offspring pairs. In the absence of information about biological parents, combining nuclear-family, adoptive parent-adopted offspring, and adoptive/natural sibling relationships still provides a powerful strategy for hypothesis testing. Adoption designs are more robust than extended twin and extended nuclear-family designs for resolving cultural and biological inheritance in the presence of genetic dominance or phenotypic assortative mating.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066238
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing genetic models for multiple symptoms: An application to the genetic analysis of liability to depression (1987)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 17 (1987), S. 331-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: latent trait ; depression ; mixed model ; twins ; symptoms ; major gene ; segregation ; polygenes ; psychometrics ; heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract A model is presented which allows for the contribution of genes and environment to categorical data on multiple symptoms. The model distinguishes between parameters needed to express the relationship between a latent trait and observed responses and the parameters required to represent the causes of variation in the latent trait. The regression of the latent trait on covariates may also be specified. The model is applied to symptoms of depression in 1983 pairs of adult female monozygotic and dizygotic twins. A model which allows only for polygenic variation in the latent trait is supported as well as the “mixed model,” which also allows for the effects of a major gene. The likelihood is significantly lower when all genetic effects are ascribed to a single gene. Practical limitations of the method are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01068135
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bias in correlations from selected samples of relatives: The effects of soft selection (1989)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 19 (1989), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: twin studies ; sampling bias ; statistical selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Martin and Wilson (1982) describe two forms of sampling bias in twin studies. One is “hard selection,” where individuals above a threshold participate, and those below do not. The second is “soft selection,” where the probability of including a pair of relatives varies over the range of the character. We present an alternative model of soft selection which has strikingly different consequences for the resemblance between relatives. In general, the softer the threshold, the more the correlation resembles that in the underlying population. Results are presented where the probability of selection equals the cumulative distribution function of a normal distribution with 10% of the variance of the selected variable. In these circumstances, soft selection usually leads to less severely attenuated correlations than truncate selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065901
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing hypotheses about direction of causation using cross-sectional family data (1993)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 23 (1993), S. 29-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Twins ; reciprocal causation ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract We review the conditions under which cross-sectional family data (e.g., data on twin pairs or adoptees and their adoptive and biological relatives) are informative about direction of causation. When two correlated traits have rather different modes of inheritance (e.g., family resemblance is determined largely by family background for one trait and by genetic factors for the other trait), cross-sectional family data will allow tests of strong unidirectional causal hypotheses (A and B are correlated “because of the causal influence of A on B” versus “because of the causal influence of B on A”) and, under some conditions, also of the hypothesis of reciprocal causation. Possible sources of errors of inference are considered. Power analyses are reported which suggest that multiple indicator variables will be needed to ensure adequate power of rejecting false models in the presence of realistic levels of measurement error. These methods may prove useful in cases where conventional methods to establish causality, by intervention, by prospective study, or by measurement of instrumental variables, are infeasible economically, ethically or practically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067552
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model system for analysis of family resemblance in extended kinships of twins (1994)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 24 (1994), S. 35-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Twins ; twin kinships ; cultural inheritance ; assortative mating ; religion ; maternal effects ; twin environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The “Virginia 30,000” comprise 29,698 subjects from the extended kinships of 5670 twin pairs. Over 80 unique correlations between relatives can be derived from these kinships, comprised of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins and their spouses, parents, siblings, and children. This paper describes the first application of a fairly general model for family resemblance to data from the Virginia 30,000. The model assesses the contributions of additive and dominant genetic effects in the presence of vertical cultural inheritance, phenotypic assortative mating, shared twin and sibling environments, and within-family environment. The genetic and environmental effects can be dependent on sex. Assortment and cultural inheritance may be based either on the phenotype as measured or on a latent trait of which the measured phenotype is an unreliable index. The model was applied to church attendance data from this study. The results show that the contributions of genes, vertical cultural inheritance, and genotype-environment covariance are all important, but their contributions are significantly heterogeneous over sexes. Phenotypic assortative mating has a major impact on family resemblance in church attendance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067927
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