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Plasma homovanillic acid concentration and the severity of schizophrenic illness (1985)

K. L. Davis ; M. Davidson ; R. C. Mohs ; [et al.]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 227(4694): 1601-2.

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Publication Date: 1985-03-29

Description: Concentrations of plasma homovanillic acid before treatment were highly correlated with global severity of illness in schizophrenic patients, both before and after treatment. In contrast, a fixed dose of haloperidol did not affect those concentrations. Thus, in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, plasma homovanillic acid may reflect the severity of illness, but not be influenced by short-term pharmacological perturbations by neuroleptics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, K L -- Davidson, M -- Mohs, R C -- Kendler, K S -- Davis, B M -- Johns, C A -- DeNigris, Y -- Horvath, T B -- MH37922/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 29;227(4694):1601-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3975630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Adult ; Haloperidol/pharmacology ; Homovanillic Acid/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; Phenylacetates/*blood ; Schizophrenia/*blood

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF TRIMETHYLSULFOXONIUM-EXCHANGED VERMICULITE (2013)

Johns, C. A., Martos-Villa, R., Guggenheim, S., Sainz-Diaz, C. I.

Clay Minerals Society

In: Clays and Clay Minerals

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Publication Date: 2013-07-24

Description: The structure of trimethylsulfoxonium-exchanged vermiculite has been examined to compare it with other onium-exchanged structures, such as tetramethylammonium- and tetramethylphosphonium-exchanged vermiculite. The three organic cations are tetrahedral in shape, but trimethylsulfoxonium [(CH 3 ) 3 SO + ] has an oxygen atom replacing a methyl group at one apex. This study describes the effect this substitution and the larger S atom have on the site location in the interlayer and the effect on the vermiculite 2:1 layer. These clay minerals may be commercially useful as adsorbents. Na-exchanged crystals of vermiculite from Santa Olalla, Spain, were intercalated with trimethylsulfoxonium [ Me 3 SO + = (CH 3 ) 3 SO + ] molecules by refluxing in an aqueous 0.25 M trimethylsulfoxonium iodide solution at 80ºC for 14 days. The resulting Me 3 SO + -exchanged vermiculite crystals were studied by single-crystal, X-ray diffraction methods and by computer modeling (density functional theory). Cell parameters are a = 5.349(2), b = 9.270(3), c = 13.825(8) Å, and β = 97.40(4)º, the space group is C 2/ m , and the polytype is 1 M . Refinement results ( R = 0.073, wR = 0.080) show that in the average structure of C 2/ m , the S atoms of the Me 3 SO + molecules form two partially occupied planes [2.066(2) Å from each basal oxygen plane] between the 2:1 layers, and the S atoms show considerable positional disorder. The O atom of the Me 3 SO + molecule occurs in the central plane of the interlayer, as far away from each 2:1 layer as possible. In projection down the c * axis, the Me 3 SO + molecule resides within the center of the silicate rings from each adjacent 2:1 layer. In the ideal (static) model of the Me 3 SO + -exchanged vermiculite structure, the Me 3 SO + molecule is oriented such that two methyl groups point toward charge-deficient bridging oxygen atoms of the basal plane; thus, the organic pillars charge compensate the bridging oxygen atoms of the 2:1 layer that are charge deficient. In projection, the oxygen atom of the Me 3 SO + molecule projects over a tetrahedron containing Si. Computer modeling showed that if H 2 O is not included in the model, the Me 3 SO + molecule (S and O atoms) is in the center of the interlayer, but with the addition of randomly placed H 2 O, two partially occupied planes similar to the X-ray derived model are formed.

Print ISSN: 0009-8604

Electronic ISSN: 1552-8367

Topics: Geosciences