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  • Male  (644)
  • Cloning, Molecular  (233)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (856)
  • 1990-1994  (615)
  • 1975-1979  (241)
  • 1940-1944
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (856)
  • Springer  (3)
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  • 1
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    Circadian clock mutants of cyanobacteria (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-18
    Description: A diverse set of circadian clock mutants was isolated in a cyanobacterial strain that carries a bacterial luciferase reporter gene attached to a clock-controlled promoter. Among 150,000 clones of chemically mutagenized bioluminescent cells, 12 mutants were isolated that exhibit a broad spectrum of periods (between 16 and 60 hours), and 5 mutants were found that show a variety of unusual patterns, including arrhythmia. These mutations appear to be clock-specific. Moreover, it was demonstrated that in this cyanobacterium it is possible to clone mutant genes by complementation, which provides a means to genetically dissect the circadian mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kondo, T -- Tsinoremas, N F -- Golden, S S -- Johnson, C H -- Kutsuna, S -- Ishiura, M -- GM37040/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH43836/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1233-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973706" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Circadian Rhythm/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyanobacteria/*genetics/growth & development/physiology ; Darkness ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Light ; Luminescent Measurements ; Mutagenesis ; Mutation ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Engineering poliovirus as a vaccine vector for the expression of diverse antigens (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-02
    Description: As a step toward developing poliovirus as a vaccine vector, poliovirus recombinants were constructed by fusing exogenous peptides (up to 400 amino acids) and an artificial cleavage site for viral protease 3Cpro to the amino terminus of the viral polyprotein. Viral replication proceeded normally. An extended polyprotein was produced in infected cells and proteolytically processed into the complete array of viral proteins plus the foreign peptide, which was excluded from mature virions. The recombinants retained exogenous sequences through successive rounds of replication in culture and in vivo. Infection of animals with recombinants elicited a humoral immune response to the foreign peptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andino, R -- Silvera, D -- Suggett, S D -- Achacoso, P L -- Miller, C J -- Baltimore, D -- Feinberg, M B -- AI22346/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI35545/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RR00169/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 2;265(5177):1448-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8073288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis ; Antigens, Bacterial/genetics/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/genetics/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Macaca fascicularis ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Poliovirus/*genetics/immunology/physiology ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/*genetics ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics/*immunology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Thalamic abnormalities in schizophrenia visualized through magnetic resonance image averaging (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-10-14
    Description: Schizophrenia is a complex illness characterized by multiple types of symptoms involving many aspects of cognition and emotion. Most efforts to identify its underlying neural substrates have focused on a strategy that relates a single symptom to a single brain region. An alternative hypothesis, that the variety of symptoms could be explained by a lesion in midline neural circuits mediating attention and information processing, is explored. Magnetic resonance images from patients and controls were transformed with a "bounding box" to produce an "average schizophrenic brain" and an "average normal brain." After image subtraction of the two averages, the areas of difference were displayed as an effect size map. Specific regional abnormalities were observed in the thalamus and adjacent white matter. An abnormality in the thalamus and related circuitry explains the diverse symptoms of schizophrenia parsimoniously because they could all result from a defect in filtering or gating sensory input, which is one of the primary functions of the thalamus in the human brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andreasen, N C -- Arndt, S -- Swayze, V 2nd -- Cizadlo, T -- Flaum, M -- O'Leary, D -- Ehrhardt, J C -- Yuh, W T -- MH31593/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH40856/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MHCRC 43271/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Oct 14;266(5183):294-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mental Health Clinical Research Center, College of Medicine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7939669" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Schizophrenia/*pathology ; Software ; Subtraction Technique ; Thalamus/*pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Drosophila TAFII150: similarity to yeast gene TSM-1 and specific binding to core promoter DNA (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-13
    Description: In Drosophila and human cells, the TATA binding protein (TBP) of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex is tightly associated with multiple subunits termed TBP-associated factors (TAFs) that are essential for mediating regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription. The Drosophila TAFII150 has now been molecularly cloned and biochemically characterized. The deduced primary amino acid sequence of dTAFII150 reveals a striking similarity to the essential yeast gene, TSM-1. Furthermore, like dTAFII150, the TSM-1 protein is found associated with the TBP in vivo, thus identifying the first yeast homolog of a TAF associated with TFIID. Both the product of TSM-1 and dTAFII150 bind directly to TBP and dTAFII250, demonstrating a functional similarity between human and yeast TAFs. Surprisingly, DNA binding studies indicate that purified recombinant dTAFII150 binds specifically to DNA sequences overlapping the start site of transcription. The data demonstrate that at least one of the TAFs is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein and that dTAFII150 together with TBP are responsible for TFIID interactions with an extended region of the core promoter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verrijzer, C P -- Yokomori, K -- Chen, J L -- Tjian, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 13;264(5161):933-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8178153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Insect ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA Polymerase II/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Sequence Alignment ; TATA Box ; *TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors ; TATA-Box Binding Protein ; Transcription Factor TFIID ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Detection of endogenous malondialdehyde-deoxyguanosine adducts in human liver (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-09
    Description: Endogenous DNA adducts may contribute to the etiology of human genetic disease and cancer. One potential source of endogenous DNA adducts is lipid peroxidation, which generates mutagenic carbonyl compounds such as malondialdehyde. A sensitive mass spectrometric method permitted detection and quantitation of the major malondialdehyde-DNA adduct, a pyrimidopurinone derived from deoxyguanosine. DNA from disease-free human liver was found to contain 5400 adducts per cell, a frequency comparable to that of adducts formed by exogenous carcinogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chaudhary, A K -- Nokubo, M -- Reddy, G R -- Yeola, S N -- Morrow, J D -- Blair, I A -- Marnett, L J -- CA47479/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES00267/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- GM42056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 9;265(5178):1580-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8079172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity ; DNA/*chemistry ; DNA Damage ; Deoxyguanosine/*analogs & derivatives/analysis/*metabolism ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver/*chemistry ; Male ; Malondialdehyde/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-16
    Description: Representational difference analysis was used to isolate unique sequences present in more than 90 percent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) tissues obtained from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). These sequences were not present in tissue DNA from non-AIDS patients, but were present in 15 percent of non-KS tissue DNA samples from AIDS patients. The sequences are homologous to, but distinct from, capsid and tegument protein genes of the Gammaherpesvirinae, herpesvirus saimiri and Epstein-Barr virus. These KS-associated herpesvirus-like (KSHV) sequences appear to define a new human herpesvirus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, Y -- Cesarman, E -- Pessin, M S -- Lee, F -- Culpepper, J -- Knowles, D M -- Moore, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 16;266(5192):1865-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7997879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Viral/*analysis/chemistry/genetics ; Female ; Herpesviridae/*genetics ; Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine/genetics ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Open Reading Frames ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology/*virology ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    'Lucy,' crucial early human ancestor, finally gets a head (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shreeve, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 1;264(5155):34-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8140418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ethiopia ; Female ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; Male ; *Skull
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Cooperative display and relatedness among males in a lek-mating bird (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-11
    Description: Long-tailed manakins mate in leks and cooperate in multiyear male-male partnerships. An alpha male is responsible for virtually all mating, whereas a beta male assists in the courtship displays. Such altruism by the beta male poses a problem for evolutionary theory because most theoretical treatments and empirical examples of cooperative behavior involve kin selection or reciprocity. Here it is shown that alpha and beta partners are not relatives and that reciprocity is not involved. Instead, direct, though long-delayed benefits to beta males are demonstrated, which include rare copulations, ascension to alpha status, and female lek fidelity. These benefits maintain this unusual form of male-male cooperation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McDonald, D B -- Potts, W K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 11;266(5187):1030-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, FL 33852-2057.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Birds/genetics/*physiology ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Copulation ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Finding 'sustainable' ways to prevent parasitic diseases (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolberg, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 24;264(5167):1859-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8009210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bedding and Linens ; Disease Vectors ; Dracunculiasis/prevention & control ; Female ; Fishes ; Humans ; Insect Control/*methods ; Malaria/prevention & control ; Male ; Parasitic Diseases/*prevention & control ; Pest Control, Biological/*methods ; Schistosomiasis/prevention & control ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Insights into reproduction (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischman, J -- Ray, L B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 2;266(5190):1459.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7985005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Contraception ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Reproduction/genetics/physiology ; Sex Differentiation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for growth and fatness in pigs (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-03-25
    Description: The European wild boar was crossed with the domesticated Large White pig to genetically dissect phenotypic differences between these populations for growth and fat deposition. The most important effects were clustered on chromosome 4, with a single region accounting for a large part of the breed difference in growth rate, fatness, and length of the small intestine. The study is an advance in genome analyses and documents the usefulness of crosses between divergent outbred populations for the detection and characterization of quantitative trait loci. The genetic mapping of a major locus for fat deposition in the pig could have implications for understanding human obesity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andersson, L -- Haley, C S -- Ellegren, H -- Knott, S A -- Johansson, M -- Andersson, K -- Andersson-Eklund, L -- Edfors-Lilja, I -- Fredholm, M -- Hansson, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Mar 25;263(5154):1771-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8134840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*anatomy & histology ; Animals ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; *Genes ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Intestine, Small/anatomy & histology ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Obesity/genetics ; Phenotype ; Swine/anatomy & histology/*genetics/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Insights from the study of animals lacking functional estrogen receptor (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-02
    Description: Estrogen hormones produce physiological actions within a variety of target sites in the body and during development by activating a specific receptor protein. Hormone responsiveness for the estrogen receptor protein was investigated at different stages of development with the use of gene knockout techniques because no natural genetic mutants have been described. A mutant mouse line without a functional estrogen receptor was created and is being used to assess estrogen responsiveness. Both sexes of these mutant animals are infertile and show a variety of phenotypic changes, some of which are associated with the gonads, mammary glands, reproductive tracts, and skeletal tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Korach, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 2;266(5190):1524-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7985022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Estrogens/*physiology ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/etiology ; Infertility, Male/etiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/*physiology ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Effect of the nigrostriatal dopamine system on acquired neural responses in the striatum of behaving monkeys (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-15
    Description: Dysfunction of the nigrostriatal dopamine system results in marked disorders of movement such as occur in Parkinson's disease. Functions of this dopamine-containing projection system were examined in monkeys trained in a classical conditioning task, and the effects of striatal dopamine depletion were tested. Unilateral dopamine loss substantially reduced the acquired sensory responsiveness of striatal neurons monitored electrophysiologically. This effect was ipsilateral and selective, and could be reversed by apomorphine. These results suggest that the primate nigrostriatal system modulates expression of neuronal response plasticity in the striatum during sensorimotor learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aosaki, T -- Graybiel, A M -- Kimura, M -- R01 NS25529/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 15;265(5170):412-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8023166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology ; Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; *Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; *Conditioning, Classical ; Corpus Striatum/cytology/*physiology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Haloperidol/pharmacology ; Macaca ; Male ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Substantia Nigra/cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    SIDS paper triggers a murder charge (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pinholster, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 8;264(5156):197-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8146647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apnea/*complications/history ; Female ; *Forensic Medicine ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Infant ; *Infanticide ; Male ; *Publishing/history ; Sudden Infant Death/*etiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 15
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    Mutagenesis and mapping of a mouse gene, Clock, essential for circadian behavior (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-29
    Description: In a search for genes that regulate circadian rhythms in mammals, the progeny of mice treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) were screened for circadian clock mutations. A semidominant mutation, Clock, that lengthens circadian period and abolishes persistence of rhythmicity was identified. Clock segregated as a single gene that mapped to the midportion of mouse chromosome 5, a region syntenic to human chromosome 4. The power of ENU mutagenesis combined with the ability to clone murine genes by map position provides a generally applicable approach to study complex behavior in mammals.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839659/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3839659/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vitaterna, M H -- King, D P -- Chang, A M -- Kornhauser, J M -- Lowrey, P L -- McDonald, J D -- Dove, W F -- Pinto, L H -- Turek, F W -- Takahashi, J S -- P30-CA07175/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-DK40493/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 NS071040/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 29;264(5159):719-25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8171325" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Circadian Rhythm/*genetics ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Female ; *Genes ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Mutagenesis ; Phenotype
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    A genetic linkage map for the zebrafish (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1994-04-29
    Description: To facilitate molecular genetic analysis of vertebrate development, haploid genetics was used to construct a recombination map for the zebrafish Danio (Brachydanio) rerio. The map consists of 401 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and 13 simple sequence repeats spaced at an average interval of 5.8 centimorgans. Strategies that exploit the advantages of haploid genetics and RAPD markers were developed that quickly mapped lethal and visible mutations and that placed cloned genes on the map. This map is useful for the position-based cloning of mutant genes, the characterization of chromosome rearrangements, and the investigation of evolution in vertebrate genomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Postlethwait, J H -- Johnson, S L -- Midson, C N -- Talbot, W S -- Gates, M -- Ballinger, E W -- Africa, D -- Andrews, R -- Carl, T -- Eisen, J S -- 1RO1AI26734/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HD07470/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS23915/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 29;264(5159):699-703.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Neurosciences, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8171321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; Genotype ; Male ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Software ; Zebrafish/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Is a new virus the cause of KS? (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 16;266(5192):1803-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7997874" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*complications ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Herpesviridae/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/etiology/*virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
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    Outcomes research (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wennberg, J E -- Barry, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 6;264(5160):758-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7513442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Male ; *Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; United States ; United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Genetic control of programmed cell death in Drosophila (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-29
    Description: A gene, reaper (rpr), that appears to play a central control function for the initiation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in Drosophila was identified. Virtually all programmed cell death that normally occurs during Drosophila embryogenesis was blocked in embryos homozygous for a small deletion that includes the reaper gene. Mutant embryos contained many extra cells and failed to hatch, but many other aspects of development appeared quite normal. Deletions that include reaper also protected embryos from apoptosis caused by x-irradiation and developmental defects. However, high doses of x-rays induced some apoptosis in mutant embryos, and the resulting corpses were phagocytosed by macrophages. These data suggest that the basic cell death program is intact although it was not activated in mutant embryos. The DNA encompassed by the deletion was cloned and the reaper gene was identified on the basis of the ability of cloned DNA to restore apoptosis to cell death defective embryos in germ line transformation experiments. The reaper gene appears to encode a small peptide that shows no homology to known proteins, and reaper messenger RNA is expressed in cells destined to undergo apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉White, K -- Grether, M E -- Abrams, J M -- Young, L -- Farrell, K -- Steller, H -- 5 F32 NS08536/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 29;264(5159):677-83.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8171319" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Primers ; Drosophila/cytology/embryology/*genetics ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology ; *Genes, Insect ; Models, Genetic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nervous System/cytology ; Neurons/cytology ; Peptides/chemistry/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Effects of cerebral ischemia in mice deficient in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-23
    Description: The proposal that nitric oxide (NO) or its reactant products mediate toxicity in brain remains controversial in part because of the use of nonselective agents that block NO formation in neuronal, glial, and vascular compartments. In mutant mice deficient in neuronal NO synthase (NOS) activity, infarct volumes decreased significantly 24 and 72 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion, and the neurological deficits were less than those in normal mice. This result could not be accounted for by differences in blood flow or vascular anatomy. However, infarct size in the mutant became larger after endothelial NOS inhibition by nitro-L-arginine administration. Hence, neuronal NO production appears to exacerbate acute ischemic injury, whereas vascular NO protects after middle cerebral artery occlusion. The data emphasize the importance of developing selective inhibitors of the neuronal isoform.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Z -- Huang, P L -- Panahian, N -- Dalkara, T -- Fishman, M C -- Moskowitz, M A -- NS10828/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS2636/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 23;265(5180):1883-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stroke Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7522345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors/deficiency/*metabolism ; Animals ; Arginine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Brain/enzymology/*metabolism ; Brain Ischemia/complications/*metabolism ; Cerebral Infarction/*etiology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Neurons/*enzymology ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitroarginine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Diet and health: what should we eat? (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1994-04-22
    Description: Many recent studies have implicated dietary factors in the cause and prevention of important diseases, including cancer, coronary heart disease, birth defects, and cataracts. There is strong evidence that vegetables and fruits protect against these diseases; however, the active constituents are incompletely identified. Whether fat per se is a major cause of disease is a question still under debate, although saturated and partially hydrogenated fats probably increase the risk of coronary heart disease. One clear conclusion from existing epidemiologic evidence is that many individuals in the United States have suboptimal diets and that the potential for disease prevention by improved nutrition is substantial.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willett, W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 22;264(5158):532-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8160011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coronary Disease/etiology/prevention & control ; Dairy Products ; *Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/etiology/prevention & control ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Preventive Medicine ; United States ; Vegetables
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Expressed sequence tags (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, M M -- Emanuel, B S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 16;266(5192):1790-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7997870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Specimen Banks ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA, Complementary ; *Databases, Factual ; Gene Expression ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    Inhibition of hepatic chylomicron remnant uptake by gene transfer of a receptor antagonist (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-03
    Description: The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) has been proposed to mediate in concert with the LDL receptor (LDLR) the uptake of dietary lipoproteins into the hepatocytes. This hypothesis was tested by transient inactivation of LRP in vivo. Receptor-associated protein (RAP), a dominant negative regulator of LRP function, was transferred by an adenoviral vector to the livers of mice lacking LDLR (LDLR-/-). The inactivation of LRP by RAP was associated with a marked accumulation of chylomicron remnants in LDLR-/- mice and to a lesser degree in normal mice, suggesting that both LDLR and LRP are involved in remnant clearance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willnow, T E -- Sheng, Z -- Ishibashi, S -- Herz, J -- HL20948/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 3;264(5164):1471-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7515194" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics ; Animals ; Apolipoprotein B-48 ; Apolipoproteins B/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cholesterol/blood ; Chylomicrons/blood/*metabolism ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology ; LDL-Receptor Related Protein-Associated Protein ; Liver/*metabolism ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Receptors, LDL/metabolism ; Triglycerides/blood ; alpha-Macroglobulins/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    Model programs take aim at HIV rates in Indonesia (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stevens, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 1;264(5155):24-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8140414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Female ; Government Agencies ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; *Health Promotion ; Humans ; Indonesia/epidemiology ; Male ; United States ; World Health Organization
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  • 25
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    Degeneration of a nonrecombining chromosome (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1994-01-14
    Description: Comparative studies suggest that sex chromosomes begin as ordinary autosomes that happen to carry a major sex determining locus. Over evolutionary time the Y chromosome is selected to stop recombining with the X chromosome, perhaps in response to accumulation of alleles beneficial to the heterogametic but harmful to the homogametic sex. Population genetic theory predicts that a nonrecombining Y chromosome should degenerate. Here this prediction is tested by application of specific selection pressures to Drosophila melanogaster populations. Results demonstrate the decay of a nonrecombining, nascent Y chromosome and the capacity for recombination to ameliorate such decay.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, W R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jan 14;263(5144):230-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8284674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Male ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; *Y Chromosome
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  • 26
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    Risk from low-dose exposures (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monro, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1141.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973684" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogenicity Tests/*statistics & numerical data ; Carcinogens/*administration & dosage/toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Rats ; Risk Assessment
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 27
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    Localization of a breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA2, to chromosome 13q12-13 (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-30
    Description: A small proportion of breast cancer, in particular those cases arising at a young age, is due to the inheritance of dominant susceptibility genes conferring a high risk of the disease. A genomic linkage search was performed with 15 high-risk breast cancer families that were unlinked to the BRCA1 locus on chromosome 17q21. This analysis localized a second breast cancer susceptibility locus, BRCA2, to a 6-centimorgan interval on chromosome 13q12-13. Preliminary evidence suggests that BRCA2 confers a high risk of breast cancer but, unlike BRCA1, does not confer a substantially elevated risk of ovarian cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wooster, R -- Neuhausen, S L -- Mangion, J -- Quirk, Y -- Ford, D -- Collins, N -- Nguyen, K -- Seal, S -- Tran, T -- Averill, D -- CA-48711/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CN-05222/CN/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HG-00571/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 30;265(5181):2088-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8091231" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Female ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Pedigree ; Phenotype
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 28
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    The Drosophila saxophone gene: a serine-threonine kinase receptor of the TGF-beta superfamily (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-03-25
    Description: The Drosophila decapentaplegic (dpp) gene encodes a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-like protein that plays a key role in several aspects of development. Transduction of the DPP signal was investigated by cloning of serine-threonine kinase transmembrane receptors from Drosophila because this type of receptor is specific for the TGF-beta-like ligands. Here evidence is provided demonstrating that the Drosophila saxophone (sax) gene, a previously identified female sterile locus, encodes a TGF-beta-like type I receptor. Embryos from sax mothers and dpp embryos exhibit similar mutant phenotypes during early gastrulation, and these two loci exhibit genetic interactions, which suggest that they are utilized in the same pathway. These data suggest that sax encodes a receptor for dpp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, T -- Finelli, A L -- Padgett, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Mar 25;263(5154):1756-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Waksman Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855-0759.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8134837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Drosophila/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Insect Hormones/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 29
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    Arabidopsis ABA response gene ABI1: features of a calcium-modulated protein phosphatase (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-03
    Description: The Arabidopsis ABI1 locus is essential for a wide spectrum of abscisic acid (ABA) responses throughout plant development. Here, ABI1 was shown to regulate stomatal aperture in leaves and mitotic activity in root meristems. The ABI1 gene was cloned and predicted to encode a signaling protein. Although its carboxyl-terminal domain is related to serine-threonine phosphatase 2C, the ABI1 protein has a unique amino-terminal extension containing an EF hand calcium-binding site. These results suggest that the ABI1 protein is a Ca(2+)-modulated phosphatase and functions to integrate ABA and Ca2+ signals with phosphorylation-dependent response pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leung, J -- Bouvier-Durand, M -- Morris, P C -- Guerrier, D -- Chefdor, F -- Giraudat, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 3;264(5164):1448-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut des Sciences Vegetales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR 40, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7910981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/chemistry/cytology/*genetics/physiology ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Genes, Plant ; Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Signal Transduction ; Transformation, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 30
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    New tool for predicting AIDS onset? (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-02-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Feb 4;263(5147):606.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8303266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; HIV/*physiology ; HIV Seropositivity/*microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; RNA, Messenger/*blood ; RNA, Viral/*blood ; Virus Replication
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  • 31
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    Genetics of a pheromonal difference contributing to reproductive isolation in Drosophila (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-02
    Description: Although sexual isolation is one of the most important causes of speciation, its genetic basis is largely unknown. Here evidence is presented that suggests that sexual isolation between two closely related species of Drosophila is largely caused by differences in female cuticular hydrocarbons. This difference maps to only one of the three major chromosomes, implying that reproductive isolation might have a fairly simple genetic basis. The effect of the hydrocarbons on courtship may help explain the ubiquitous asymmetry of sexual isolation between many pairs of Drosophila species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Coyne, J A -- Crittenden, A P -- Mah, K -- GM 38462/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 50355/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 2;265(5177):1461-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8073292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Markers ; Male ; Pheromones/analysis/*genetics/physiology ; Reproduction ; Species Specificity
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  • 32
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    Autoantibodies to glutamate receptor GluR3 in Rasmussen's encephalitis (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-29
    Description: Rasmussen's encephalitis is a progressive childhood disease of unknown cause characterized by severe epilepsy, hemiplegia, dementia, and inflammation of the brain. During efforts to raise antibodies to recombinant glutamate receptors (GluRs), behaviors typical of seizures and histopathologic features mimicking Rasmussen's encephalitis were found in two rabbits immunized with GluR3 protein. A correlation was found between the presence of Rasmussen's encephalitis and serum antibodies to GluR3 detected by protein immunoblot analysis and by immunoreactivity to transfected cells expressing GluR3. Repeated plasma exchanges in one seriously ill child transiently reduced serum titers of GluR3 antibodies, decreased seizure frequency, and improved neurologic function. Thus, GluR3 is an autoantigen in Rasmussen's encephalitis, and an autoimmune process may underlie this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rogers, S W -- Andrews, P I -- Gahring, L C -- Whisenand, T -- Cauley, K -- Crain, B -- Hughes, T E -- Heinemann, S F -- McNamara, J O -- NS17771/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS28709/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30990R29/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 29;265(5172):648-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Salt Lake City Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, UT.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8036512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Autoantibodies/blood/*immunology ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Line ; Child ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalitis/complications/*immunology/pathology/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma Exchange ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Glutamate/*immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology ; Seizures/etiology/immunology
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  • 33
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    Coding of hemolysins within the ribosomal RNA repeat on a plasmid in Entamoeba histolytica (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-03-11
    Description: The pathogenesis of amoebic dysentery is a result of cytolysis of the colonic mucosa by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. The cytolysis results in extensive local ulceration and allows the amoeba to penetrate and metastasize to distant sites. Factors involved in this process were defined with three clones that express hemolytic activities in Escherichia coli. These potential amoebic virulence determinants were also toxic to human colonic epithelial cells, the primary cellular targets in amoebal invasion of the large intestine. The coding sequences for the hemolysins were close to each other on a 2.6-kilobase segment of a 25-kilobase extrachromosomal DNA element. The structural genes for the hemolysins were within inverted repeats that encode ribosomal RNAs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jansson, A -- Gillin, F -- Kagardt, U -- Hagblom, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Mar 11;263(5152):1440-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8128227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cloning, Molecular ; Entamoeba histolytica/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; *Genes, Protozoan ; Hemolysin Proteins/*genetics/toxicity ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; *Plasmids ; RNA, Protozoan/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Virulence
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  • 34
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    The thermal grill illusion: unmasking the burn of cold pain (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-08
    Description: In Thunberg's thermal grill illusion, first demonstrated in 1896, a sensation of strong, often painful heat is elicited by touching interlaced warm and cool bars to the skin. Neurophysiological recordings from two classes of ascending spinothalamic tract neurons that are sensitive to innocuous or noxious cold showed differential responses to the grill. On the basis of these results, a simple model of central disinhibition, or unmasking, predicted a quantitative correspondence between grill-evoked pain and cold-evoked pain, which was verified psychophysically. This integration of pain and temperature can explain the thermal grill illusion and the burning sensation of cold pain and may also provide a basis for the cold-evoked, burning pain of the classic thalamic pain syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Craig, A D -- Bushnell, M C -- DA07402/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- NS25616/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 8;265(5169):252-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8023144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; *Cold Temperature ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Spinothalamic Tracts/*physiology
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  • 35
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    Specification of C/EBP function during Drosophila development by the bZIP basic region (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-16
    Description: The biologically relevant interactions of a transcription factor are those that are important for function in the organism. Here, a transgenic rescue assay was used to determine which molecular functions of Drosophila CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), a basic region-leucine zipper transcription factor, are required for it to fulfill its essential role during development. Chimeric proteins that contain the Drosophila C/EBP (DmC/EBP) basic region, a heterologous zipper, and a heterologous activation domain could functionally substitute for DmC/EBP. Mammalian C/EBPs were also functional in Drosophila. In contrast, 9 of 25 single amino acid substitutions in the basic region disrupted biological function. Thus, the conserved basic region specifies DmC/EBP activity in the organism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rorth, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 16;266(5192):1878-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD 21210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7997882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Base Sequence ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila/genetics/*growth & development ; Female ; G-Box Binding Factors ; *Leucine Zippers ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Transcriptional Activation
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  • 36
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    Fusion of a kinase gene, ALK, to a nucleolar protein gene, NPM, in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-03-04
    Description: The 2;5 chromosomal translocation occurs in most anaplastic large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas arising from activated T lymphocytes. This rearrangement was shown to fuse the NPM nucleolar phosphoprotein gene on chromosome 5q35 to a previously unidentified protein tyrosine kinase gene, ALK, on chromosome 2p23. In the predicted hybrid protein, the amino terminus of nucleophosmin (NPM) is linked to the catalytic domain of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Expressed in the small intestine, testis, and brain but not in normal lymphoid cells, ALK shows greatest sequence similarity to the insulin receptor subfamily of kinases. Unscheduled expression of the truncated ALK may contribute to malignant transformation in these lymphomas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morris, S W -- Kirstein, M N -- Valentine, M B -- Dittmer, K G -- Shapiro, D N -- Saltman, D L -- Look, A T -- CA 21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- KO8 CA 01702/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA 20180/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Mar 4;263(5151):1281-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8122112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Brain/enzymology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Chromosome Walking ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Intestine, Small/enzymology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/chemistry/enzymology/*genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Phosphoproteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/chemistry/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; Testis/enzymology ; *Translocation, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 37
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    A molecular determinant for submillisecond desensitization in glutamate receptors (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-11
    Description: The decay of excitatory postsynaptic currents in central neurons mediated by alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptors is likely to be shaped either by receptor desensitization or by offset after removal of glutamate from the synaptic cleft. Native AMPA receptors show desensitization time constants of 1 to about 10 milliseconds, but the underlying molecular determinants of these large differences are unknown. Cloned AMPA receptors carrying the "flop" splice variants of glutamate receptor subtype C (GluR-C) and GluR-D are shown to have desensitization time constants of around 1 millisecond, whereas those with the "flip" variants are about four times slower. Cerebellar granule cells switch their expression of GluR-D splice variants from mostly flip forms in early stages to predominantly flop forms in the adult rat brain. These findings suggest that rapid desensitization of AMPA receptors can be regulated by the expression and alternative splicing of GluR-D gene transcripts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mosbacher, J -- Schoepfer, R -- Monyer, H -- Burnashev, N -- Seeburg, P H -- Ruppersberg, J P -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 11;266(5187):1059-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur medizinische Forschung, Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebellum/cytology/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Glutamic Acid/*pharmacology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Oocytes ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins ; Synaptic Transmission ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 38
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    Implantation and the placenta: key pieces of the development puzzle (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-02
    Description: The mammalian embryo cannot develop without the placenta. Its specialized cells (trophoblast, endoderm, and extraembryonic mesoderm) form early in development. They attach the embryo to the uterus (implantation) and form vascular connections necessary for nutrient transport. In addition, the placenta redirects maternal endocrine, immune, and metabolic functions to the embryo's advantage. These complex activities are sensitive to disruption, as shown by the high incidence of early embryonic mortality and pregnancy diseases in humans, as well as the numerous peri-implantation lethal mutations in mice. Integration of molecular and developmental approaches has recently produced insights into the molecules that control these processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cross, J C -- Werb, Z -- Fisher, S J -- HD 22210/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD 26732/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD 30367/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 2;266(5190):1508-18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7985020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryo Implantation/*physiology ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Hormones/physiology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Placenta/cytology/*physiology ; Trophoblasts/physiology ; Uterus/physiology
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  • 39
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    Birth control in Japan: realities and prognosis (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jitsukawa, M -- Djerassi, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 19;265(5175):1048-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, Asia/Pacific Research Center, Stanford University, CA 94305-6055.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8066442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Legal ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission ; Condoms ; *Contraceptives, Oral/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Drug Approval ; *Family Planning Services ; Female ; *Government Regulation ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Internationality ; Japan ; Legislation, Drug ; Male ; Mifepristone/administration & dosage ; Pregnancy ; Risk Assessment
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  • 40
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    Requirement for the yeast gene LON in intramitochondrial proteolysis and maintenance of respiration (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-08
    Description: The role of protein degradation in mitochondrial homeostasis was explored by cloning of a gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes a protein resembling the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent bacterial protease Lon. The predicted yeast protein has a typical mitochondrial matrix-targeting sequence at its amino terminus. Yeast cells lacking a functional LON gene contained a nonfunctional mitochondrial genome, were respiratory-deficient, and lacked an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity present in the mitochondria of Lon+ cells. Lon- cells were also impaired in their ability to catalyze the energy-dependent degradation of several mitochondrial matrix proteins and they accumulated electron-dense inclusions in their mitochondrial matrix.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Suzuki, C K -- Suda, K -- Wang, N -- Schatz, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 8;264(5156):273-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biozentrum der Universitat Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8146662" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Dependent Proteases ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; *Genes, Fungal ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Serine Endopeptidases/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 41
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    Implications of FRA16A structure for the mechanism of chromosomal fragile site genesis (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-24
    Description: Fragile sites are chemically induced nonstaining gaps in chromosomes. Different fragile sites vary in frequency in the population and in the chemistry of their induction. DNA sequences encompassing and including the rare, autosomal, folate-sensitive fragile site, FRA16A, were isolated by positional cloning. The molecular basis of FRA16A was found to be expansion of a normally polymorphic p(CCG)n repeat. This repeat was adjacent to a CpG island that was methylated in fragile site-expressing individuals. The FRA16A locus in individuals who do not express the fragile site is not a site of DNA methylation (imprinting), which suggests that the methylation associated with fragile sites may be a consequence and not a cause of their genesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nancarrow, J K -- Kremer, E -- Holman, K -- Eyre, H -- Doggett, N A -- Le Paslier, D -- Callen, D F -- Sutherland, G R -- Richards, R I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 24;264(5167):1938-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8009225" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Fragile Sites ; *Chromosome Fragility ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 ; Dinucleoside Phosphates/metabolism ; Female ; Fragile X Syndrome/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Methylation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 42
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    Rates of mortality in populations of Caenorhabditis elegans (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curtsinger, J W -- Fukui, H H -- Xiu, L -- Khazaeli, A -- Pletcher, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 4;266(5186):826; author reply 828.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/physiology ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Mortality
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  • 43
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    Prophylactic vaccines, risk behavior change, and the probability of eradicating HIV in San Francisco (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-02
    Description: Theory is linked with data to assess the probability of eradicating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in San Francisco through the use of prophylactic vaccines. The necessary vaccine efficacy levels and population coverage levels for eradication are quantified. The likely impact of risk behavior changes on vaccination campaigns is assessed. The results show it is unlikely that vaccines will be able to eradicate HIV in San Francisco unless they are combined with considerable reductions in risk behaviors. Furthermore, if risk behavior increases as the result of a vaccination campaign, then vaccination could result in a perverse outcome by increasing the severity of the epidemic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blower, S M -- McLean, A R -- 1R29DA08153/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- AI33831/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 2;265(5177):1451-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Epidemiology Department, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8073289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines ; Adult ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Male ; Probability ; *Risk-Taking ; San Francisco/epidemiology
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  • 44
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    Forward and reverse genetic approaches to behavior in the mouse (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-17
    Description: Modern molecular genetic and genomic approaches are revolutionizing the study of behavior in the mouse. "Reverse genetics" (from gene to phenotype) with targeted gene transfer provides a powerful tool to dissect behavior and has been used successfully to study the effects of null mutations in genes implicated in the regulation of long-term potentiation and spatial learning in mice. In addition, "forward genetics" (from phenotype to gene) with high-efficiency mutagenesis in the mouse can uncover unknown genes and has been used to isolate a behavioral mutant of the circadian system. With the recent availability of high-density genetic maps and physical mapping resources, positional cloning of virtually any mutation is now feasible in the mouse. Together, these approaches permit a molecular analysis of both known and previously unknown genes regulating behavior.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3830945/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3830945/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takahashi, J S -- Pinto, L H -- Vitaterna, M H -- EY08467/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH39592/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH49241/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 17;264(5166):1724-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8209253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Techniques ; Genetics, Behavioral/*methods ; Learning ; Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutagenesis
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    Requirement of a critical period of transcription for induction of a late phase of LTP (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-19
    Description: Repeated high-frequency trains of stimuli induce long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region that persists for up to 8 hours in hippocampal slices and for days in intact animals. This long time course has made LTP an attractive model for certain forms of long-term memory in the mammalian brain. A hallmark of long-term memory in the intact animal is a requirement for transcription, and thus whether the late phase of LTP (L-LTP) requires transcription was investigated here. With the use of different inhibitors, it was found in rat hippocampal slices that the induction of L-LTP [produced either by tetanic stimulation or by application of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog Sp-cAMPS (Sp-cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphorothioate)] was selectively prevented when transcription was blocked immediately after tetanization or during application of cAMP. As with behavioral memory, this requirement for transcription had a critical time window. Thus, the late phase of LTP in the CA1 region requires transcription during a critical period, perhaps because cAMP-inducible genes must be expressed during this period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nguyen, P V -- Abel, T -- Kandel, E R -- GM32099/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 19;265(5175):1104-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8066450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Evoked Potentials/drug effects ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects ; Male ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Thionucleotides/pharmacology ; *Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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    Association of intestinal peptide transport with a protein related to the cadherin superfamily (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-15
    Description: The first step in oral absorption of many medically important peptide-based drugs is mediated by an intestinal proton-dependent peptide transporter. This transporter facilitates the oral absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors from the intestine into enterocytes lining the luminal wall. A monoclonal antibody that blocked uptake of cephalexin was used to identify and clone a gene that encodes an approximately 92-kilodalton membrane protein that was associated with the acquisition of peptide transport activity by transport-deficient cells. The amino acid sequence deduced from the complementary DNA sequence of the cloned gene indicated that this transport-associated protein shares several conserved structural elements with the cadherin superfamily of calcium-dependent, cell-cell adhesion proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dantzig, A H -- Hoskins, J A -- Tabas, L B -- Bright, S -- Shepard, R L -- Jenkins, I L -- Duckworth, D C -- Sportsman, J R -- Mackensen, D -- Rosteck, P R Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 15;264(5157):430-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8153632" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; CHO Cells ; Cadherins/*chemistry ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Cephalexin/*metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Mucosa/*metabolism ; Leucine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Enhanced aggressive behavior in mice lacking 5-HT1B receptor (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-23
    Description: The neuromodulator serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has been associated with mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, and impulsive violence. To define the contribution of 5-HT receptor subtypes to behavior, mutant mice lacking the 5-HT1B receptor were generated by homologous recombination. These mice did not exhibit any obvious developmental or behavioral defects. However, the hyperlocomotor effect of the 5-HT1A/1B agonist RU24969 was absent in mutant mice, indicating that this effect is mediated by 5-HT1B receptors. Moreover, when confronted with an intruder, mutant mice attacked the intruder faster and more intensely than did wild-type mice, suggesting the participation of 5-HT1B receptors in aggressive behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saudou, F -- Amara, D A -- Dierich, A -- LeMeur, M -- Ramboz, S -- Segu, L -- Buhot, M C -- Hen, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 23;265(5180):1875-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS, U184 de l'INSERM, Faculte de Medecine, Strasbourg, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8091214" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*physiology ; Animals ; Brain Chemistry ; Chimera ; Female ; Indoles/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Mutation ; Pindolol/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B ; Receptors, Serotonin/analysis/genetics/*physiology ; Recombination, Genetic ; Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Adequate supplies of fruits and vegetables (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abelson, P H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 25;266(5189):1303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogenicity Tests ; Diet ; Female ; *Fruit ; *Fungicides, Industrial/toxicity ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; *Vegetables
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    Crystal structure of rat DNA polymerase beta: evidence for a common polymerase mechanism (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-24
    Description: Structures of the 31-kilodalton catalytic domain of rat DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) and the whole 39-kilodalton enzyme were determined at 2.3 and 3.6 angstrom resolution, respectively. The 31-kilodalton domain is composed of fingers, palm, and thumb subdomains arranged to form a DNA binding channel reminiscent of the polymerase domains of the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. The amino-terminal 8-kilodalton domain is attached to the fingers subdomain by a flexible hinge. The two invariant aspartates found in all polymerase sequences and implicated in catalytic activity have the same geometric arrangement within structurally similar but topologically distinct palms, indicating that the polymerases have maintained, or possibly re-evolved, a common nucleotidyl transfer mechanism. The location of Mn2+ and deoxyadenosine triphosphate in pol beta confirms the role of the invariant aspartates in metal ion and deoxynucleoside triphosphate binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sawaya, M R -- Pelletier, H -- Kumar, A -- Wilson, S H -- Kraut, J -- CA17374/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES06839/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- GM10928/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 24;264(5167):1930-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego 92093-0317.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7516581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA Polymerase I/*chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/metabolism ; Deoxyadenine Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; Deoxycytosine Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; Dideoxynucleotides ; HIV Reverse Transcriptase ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/chemistry/metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Viral Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Modulation of epithelial cell growth by intraepithelial gamma delta T cells (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-18
    Description: The role played in immune surveillance by gamma delta T cells residing in various epithelia has not been clear. It is shown here that activated gamma delta T cells obtained from skin and intestine express the epithelial cell mitogen keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). In contrast, intraepithelial alpha beta T cells, as well as all lymphoid alpha beta and gamma delta T cell populations tested, did not produce KGF or promote the growth of cultured epithelial cells. These results suggest that intraepithelial gamma delta T cells function in surveillance and in repair of damaged epithelial tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boismenu, R -- Havran, W L -- AI32751/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1253-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dendritic Cells/*physiology ; Epithelial Cells ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 ; *Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Growth Substances/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Keratinocytes/*cytology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/metabolism/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Population policy options in the developing world (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-02-11
    Description: The population of the developing world is currently expanding at the unprecedented rate of more than 800 million per decade, and despite anticipated reductions in growth during the 21st century, its size is expected to increase from 4.3 billion today to 10.2 billion in 2100. Past efforts to curb this growth have almost exclusively focused on the implementation of family planning programs to provide contraceptive information, services, and supplies. These programs have been partially successful in reducing birth rates. Further investments in them will have an additional but limited impact on population growth; therefore, other policy options, in particular measures to reduce high demand for births and limit population momentum, are needed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bongaarts, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Feb 11;263(5148):771-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Division, Population Council, New York, NY 10017.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8303293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Contraception ; *Developing Countries ; Family Characteristics ; *Family Planning Policy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Population Control ; *Population Growth
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    Reversion of the mouse pink-eyed unstable mutation induced by low doses of x-rays (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1994-12-02
    Description: Deletions and other genome rearrangements can be caused by radiation and are associated with carcinogenesis and inheritable diseases. The pink-eyed unstable (p(un)) mutation in the mouse is caused by a gene duplication and reverts to wild type by deletion of one copy. Reversion events in the mouse embryo were detected as black spots on the fur of the animals or microscopically as partially black hair in a background of colorless hair. The frequency of partially black hair was increased by x-rays at very low doses. A linear dose-response relation was found between 1 and 100 centigray.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schiestl, R H -- Khogali, F -- Carls, N -- ES06593/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 2;266(5190):1573-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7985029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Embryo, Mammalian/radiation effects ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; Hair Color/genetics/radiation effects ; Male ; Maternal Exposure ; Melanocytes/radiation effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Multigene Family ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Mutation/*radiation effects
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    Digenic retinitis pigmentosa due to mutations at the unlinked peripherin/RDS and ROM1 loci (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-10
    Description: In spite of recent advances in identifying genes causing monogenic human disease, very little is known about the genes involved in polygenic disease. Three families were identified with mutations in the unlinked photoreceptor-specific genes ROM1 and peripherin/RDS, in which only double heterozygotes develop retinitis pigmentosa (RP). These findings indicate that the allelic and nonallelic heterogeneity known to be a feature of monogenic RP is complicated further by interactions between unlinked mutations causing digenic RP. Recognition of the inheritance pattern exemplified by these three families might facilitate the identification of other examples of digenic inheritance in human disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kajiwara, K -- Berson, E L -- Dryja, T P -- EY00169/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY08683/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 10;264(5165):1604-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Berman-Gund Laboratory for the Study of Retinal Degenerations, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8202715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Electroretinography ; Eye Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Linkage ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Intermediate Filament Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Male ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Pedigree ; Peripherins ; Retinitis Pigmentosa/*genetics ; Rod Cell Outer Segment/chemistry ; Tetraspanins
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    Requirement of human renal water channel aquaporin-2 for vasopressin-dependent concentration of urine (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-01
    Description: Concentration of urine in mammals is regulated by the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. Binding of vasopressin to its V2 receptor leads to the insertion of water channels in apical membranes of principal cells in collecting ducts. In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), the kidney fails to concentrate urine in response to vasopressin. A male patient with an autosomal recessive form of NDI was found to be a compound heterozygote for two mutations in the gene encoding aquaporin-2, a water channel. Functional expression studies in Xenopus oocytes revealed that each mutation resulted in nonfunctional water channel proteins. Thus, aquaporin-2 is essential for vasopressin-dependent concentration of urine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deen, P M -- Verdijk, M A -- Knoers, N V -- Wieringa, B -- Monnens, L A -- van Os, C H -- van Oost, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 1;264(5155):92-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Physiology, University of Nijmegen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8140421" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Aquaporin 2 ; Aquaporin 6 ; *Aquaporins ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/*pharmacology ; Diabetes Insipidus/*genetics/physiopathology ; Female ; Genes, Recessive ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism/*physiology ; *Kidney Concentrating Ability ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; RNA, Complementary/genetics ; Water/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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    Electromagnetic fields. Breast cancer link claimed, criticized (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubes, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 17;264(5166):1658.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8209240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*etiology ; Electromagnetic Fields/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Melatonin/biosynthesis ; *Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced ; *Occupational Exposure ; Pineal Gland/metabolism/radiation effects
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    Risking everything? Risk behavior, behavior change, and AIDS (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-15
    Description: Inquiry into the determinants of risk-related sexual behavior is important for the development of interventions to reduce the incidence of new cases of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Recent social and behavioral research has revealed much about the individual and social factors influencing risk-taking. Findings from these studies have been important in the development of new educational and community-based interventions for communities at risk in the developed and developing worlds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aggleton, P -- O'Reilly, K -- Slutkin, G -- Davies, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 15;265(5170):341-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Global Programme on AIDS, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8023156" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/*transmission ; Cultural Characteristics ; Developing Countries ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Male ; *Risk-Taking ; *Sexual Behavior ; Socioeconomic Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Linkage analysis of IL4 and other chromosome 5q31.1 markers and total serum immunoglobulin E concentrations (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1994-05-20
    Description: Sib-pair analysis of 170 individuals from 11 Amish families revealed evidence for linkage of five markers in chromosome 5q31.1 with a gene controlling total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration. No linkage was found between these markers and specific IgE antibody concentrations. Analysis of total IgE within a subset of 128 IgE antibody-negative sib pairs confirmed evidence for linkage to 5q31.1, especially to the interleukin-4 gene (IL4). A combination of segregation and maximum likelihood analyses provided further evidence for this linkage. These analyses suggest that IL4 or a nearby gene in 5q31.1 regulates IgE production in a nonantigen-specific (noncognate) fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marsh, D G -- Neely, J D -- Breazeale, D R -- Ghosh, B -- Freidhoff, L R -- Ehrlich-Kautzky, E -- Schou, C -- Krishnaswamy, G -- Beaty, T H -- 1 P41 RR03655/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- AI20059/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 20;264(5162):1152-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8178175" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Allergens/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Female ; Genes, MHC Class II ; *Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/genetics ; Immunoglobulin E/*blood ; Interleukin-4/*genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; Lod Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Deletion of a DNA polymerase beta gene segment in T cells using cell type-specific gene targeting (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-01
    Description: Deletion of the promoter and the first exon of the DNA polymerase beta gene (pol beta) in the mouse germ line results in a lethal phenotype. With the use of the bacteriophage-derived, site-specific recombinase Cre in a transgenic approach, the same mutation can be selectively introduced into a particular cellular compartment-in this case, T cells. The impact of the mutation on those cells can then be analyzed because the mutant animals are viable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gu, H -- Marth, J D -- Orban, P C -- Mossmann, H -- Rajewsky, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 1;265(5168):103-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8016642" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Polymerase I/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; Genetic Engineering/*methods ; Homozygote ; *Integrases ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Stem Cells/enzymology ; T-Lymphocytes/*enzymology ; Transfection ; *Viral Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Gene for familial psoriasis susceptibility mapped to the distal end of human chromosome 17q (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-20
    Description: A gene involved in psoriasis susceptibility was localized to the distal region of human chromosome 17q as a result of a genome-wide linkage analysis with polymorphic microsatellites and eight multiply affected psoriasis kindreds. In the family which showed the strongest evidence for linkage, the recombination fraction between a psoriasis susceptibility locus and D17S784 was 0.04 with a maximum two-point lod score of 5.33. There was also evidence for genetic heterogeneity and although none of the linked families showed any association with HLA-Cw6, two unlinked families showed weak levels of association. This study demonstrates that in some families, psoriasis susceptibility is due to variation at a single major genetic locus other than the human lymphocyte antigen locus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomfohrde, J -- Silverman, A -- Barnes, R -- Fernandez-Vina, M A -- Young, M -- Lory, D -- Morris, L -- Wuepper, K D -- Stastny, P -- Menter, A -- P01-AI2327/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL47145/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 20;264(5162):1141-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-8591.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8178173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Satellite/genetics ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; HLA-C Antigens/genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Psoriasis/*genetics ; Software
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Fertilization and ion channels (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-02-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nuccitelli, R -- Ferguson, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Feb 18;263(5149):988.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8310299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Male ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Sodium Channels/*physiology ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Xenopus laevis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Long-term behavioral recovery in parkinsonian rats by an HSV vector expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-25
    Description: One therapeutic approach to treating Parkinson's disease is to convert endogenous striatal cells into levo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa)-producing cells. A defective herpes simplex virus type 1 vector expressing human tyrosine hydroxylase was delivered into the partially denervated striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats, used as a model of Parkinson's disease. Efficient behavioral and biochemical recovery was maintained for 1 year after gene transfer. Biochemical recovery included increases in both striatal tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity and in extracellular dopamine concentrations. Persistence of human tyrosine hydroxylase was revealed by expression of RNA and immunoreactivity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2638002/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2638002/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉During, M J -- Naegele, J R -- O'Malley, K L -- Geller, A I -- EY09749/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- NS06208/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS28227/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034025/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 25;266(5189):1399-403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7669103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Corpus Striatum/*enzymology/metabolism ; Denervation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Levodopa/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Motor Activity ; Neurons/enzymology ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism/*therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Simplexvirus/*genetics ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*genetics/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Efficient neutralization of primary isolates of HIV-1 by a recombinant human monoclonal antibody (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-11
    Description: The ability of antibodies to neutralize diverse primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 in vitro has been questioned, with implications for the likely efficacy of vaccines. A recombinant human antibody to envelope glycoprotein gp120 was generated and used to show that primary isolates are not refractory to antibody neutralization. The recombinant antibody neutralized more than 75 percent of the primary isolates tested at concentrations that could be achieved by passive immunization, for example, to interrupt maternal-fetal transmission of virus. The broad specificity and efficacy of the antibody implies the conservation of a structural feature on gp120, which could be important in vaccine design.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burton, D R -- Pyati, J -- Koduri, R -- Sharp, S J -- Thornton, G B -- Parren, P W -- Sawyer, L S -- Hendry, R M -- Dunlop, N -- Nara, P L -- AI27742/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI33292/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI35168/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 11;266(5187):1024-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; HIV Antibodies/*immunology ; HIV Core Protein p24/analysis ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/*immunology ; HIV-1/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutralization Tests ; Recombinant Proteins/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Manic depression. Highs and lows on the research roller coaster (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 17;264(5166):1693-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8209248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bipolar Disorder/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Female ; Genetic Markers ; *Genetic Techniques ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Lod Score ; Male
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    On the trail of a second susceptibility gene (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 23;265(5180):1798.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8091206" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation
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    A hearty endorsement for aspirin (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aldhous, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jan 7;263(5143):24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8272863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspirin/*therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Thrombosis/*prevention & control ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    The mating of a fly (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-17
    Description: Courtship in Drosophila is influenced by a wide variety of genes, in that many different kinds of pleiotropic mutations lead to defective courtship. This may seem to be a truism, but the broad temporal and spatial expression of most of the fly's "neuro genes" makes it difficult to exclude elements of such genes' actions as materially underlying reproductive behavior. "Courtship genes" that seem to play more particular roles were originally identified as sensory, learning, or rhythm mutations; their reproductive abnormalities have been especially informative for revealing components of male or female actions that might otherwise have gone unnoticed. Further behavioral mutations seemed originally to be courtship-specific, turned out not to have that property, and have led to a broadened perspective on the nature and action of Drosophila's sex-determination genes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, J C -- GM-21473/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 17;264(5166):1702-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254-9110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8209251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Male ; Mutation ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Phenotype ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Human severe combined immunodeficiency due to a defect in ZAP-70, a T cell tyrosine kinase (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-10
    Description: A homozygous mutation in the kinase domain of ZAP-70, a T cell receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinase, produced a distinctive form of human severe combined immunodeficiency. Manifestations of this disorder included profound immunodeficiency, absence of peripheral CD8+ T cells, and abundant peripheral CD4+ T cells that were refractory to T cell receptor-mediated activation. These findings demonstrate that ZAP-70 is essential for human T cell function and suggest that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells depend on different intracellular signaling pathways to support their development or survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Elder, M E -- Lin, D -- Clever, J -- Chan, A C -- Hope, T J -- Weiss, A -- Parslow, T G -- AI29313/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM43574/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR01271/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 10;264(5165):1596-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8202712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Gene Deletion ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/*genetics/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The paradox of critical mass for women in science (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Etzkowitz, H -- Kemelgor, C -- Neuschatz, M -- Uzzi, B -- Alonzo, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Oct 7;266(5182):51-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sociology Board, State University of New York at Purchase 10577.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7939644" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Education, Graduate ; *Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Science ; Universities ; *Women ; Women, Working
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    National Institutes of Health. New law brings affirmative action to clinical research (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-02-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Feb 4;263(5147):602.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8303263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Minority Groups ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; *Women's Health
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    MHC class I expression in mice lacking the proteasome subunit LMP-7 (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-26
    Description: Proteasomes degrade endogenous proteins. Two subunits, LMP-2 and LMP-7, are encoded in a region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that is critical for class I-restricted antigen presentation. Mice with a targeted deletion of the gene encoding LMP-7 have reduced levels of MHC class I cell-surface expression and present the endogenous antigen HY inefficiently; addition of peptides to splenocytes deficient in LMP-7 restores wild-type class I expression levels. This demonstrates the involvement of LMP-7 in the MHC class I presentation pathway and suggests that LMP-7 functions as an integral part of the peptide supply machinery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fehling, H J -- Swat, W -- Laplace, C -- Kuhn, R -- Rajewsky, K -- Muller, U -- von Boehmer, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 26;265(5176):1234-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8066463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; *Cysteine Endopeptidases ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; H-2 Antigens/*biosynthesis/immunology ; H-Y Antigen/immunology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Multienzyme Complexes ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteins/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Molecular basis of mammalian sexual determination: activation of Mullerian inhibiting substance gene expression by SRY (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-02
    Description: The pathway of male sexual development in mammals is initiated by SRY, a gene on the short arm of the Y chromosome. Its expression in the differentiating gonadal ridge directs testicular morphogenesis, characterized by elaboration of Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) and testosterone. SRY and MIS each belong to conserved gene families that function in the control of growth and differentiation. Structural and biochemical studies of the DNA binding domain of SRY (the HMG box) revealed a protein-DNA interaction consisting of partial side chain intercalation into a widened minor groove. Functional studies of SRY in a cell line from embryonic gonadal ridge demonstrated activation of a gene-regulatory pathway leading to expression of MIS. SRY molecules containing mutations associated with human sex reversal have altered structural interactions with DNA and failed to induce transcription of MIS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haqq, C M -- King, C Y -- Ukiyama, E -- Falsafi, S -- Haqq, T N -- Donahoe, P K -- Weiss, M A -- GM51558/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD30812/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P30HD28138/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 2;266(5190):1494-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7985018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genitalia, Male/*embryology ; *Glycoproteins ; Growth Inhibitors/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mullerian Ducts ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Sex Differentiation/*genetics ; Sex-Determining Region Y Protein ; Testicular Hormones/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism
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    Mutation of a mutL homolog in hereditary colon cancer (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-03-18
    Description: Some cases of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) are due to alterations in a mutS-related mismatch repair gene. A search of a large database of expressed sequence tags derived from random complementary DNA clones revealed three additional human mismatch repair genes, all related to the bacterial mutL gene. One of these genes (hMLH1) resides on chromosome 3p21, within 1 centimorgan of markers previously linked to cancer susceptibility in HNPCC kindreds. Mutations of hMLH1 that would disrupt the gene product were identified in such kindreds, demonstrating that this gene is responsible for the disease. These results suggest that defects in any of several mismatch repair genes can cause HNPCC.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Papadopoulos, N -- Nicolaides, N C -- Wei, Y F -- Ruben, S M -- Carter, K C -- Rosen, C A -- Haseltine, W A -- Fleischmann, R D -- Fraser, C M -- Adams, M D -- CA35494/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA47527/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Mar 18;263(5153):1625-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD 21231.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8128251" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; *Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; Codon ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/*genetics ; *DNA Repair ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; *Genes ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; MutS Homolog 2 Protein ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Nuclear Proteins ; Open Reading Frames ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Sequence Deletion ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Population policy options (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-06
    Description: In the review by Kristie Macrakis of Beyond the Wall: Memoirs of an East and West German Spy by Werner Stiller, with Jefferson Adams (editor and translator) [Brassey's (US), McLean, VA, 1992; Maxwell Macmillan, London, UK, 1992] (17 Dec., p. 1908), it is stated that physicist Rolf Dobbertin, who denies any spying, was "sent to Paris in 1956 to study at the expense of the Stasi," was "sentenced to 12 years in prison," and "sat in a French jail for five years before he was released in 1991." Legal documents show that Dobbertin, who was arrested in January 1979 for acts of "communication with agents of a foreign power, dealings that could be harmful [intelligence de nature a nuire] to the military or diplomatic situation of France or to its essential economic interest," was jailed until May 1983. He was subsequently tried in 1990 and sentenced to 12 years in prison, but was acquitted of the above charge by a special Assize Court in a second trial in November 1991. According to Dobbertin, he studied continuously at the University of Rostock from 1952 until 1958, and then taught at the University of Berlin for one year before beginning his work in 1959 at the Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifigue in France, where he continues to be employed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Treisman, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 6;264(5160):760.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8171327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Developing Countries ; *Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Population Control ; *Social Security
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    ZAP-70 deficiency in an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-10
    Description: Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play an integral role in T cell activation and differentiation. Defects in the Src-family PTKs in mice and in T cell lines have resulted in variable defects in thymic development and in T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signal transduction. Here, three siblings are described with an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) in which ZAP-70, a non-Src PTK, is absent as a result of mutations in the ZAP-70 gene. This absence is associated with defects in TCR signal transduction, suggesting an important functional role for ZAP-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, A C -- Kadlecek, T A -- Elder, M E -- Filipovich, A H -- Kuo, W L -- Iwashima, M -- Parslow, T G -- Weiss, A -- AR-20684/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- GM39553/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 10;264(5165):1599-601.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8202713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Child ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; *Genes, Recessive ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Point Mutation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/*genetics/immunology ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
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    The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979 (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-11-18
    Description: In April and May 1979, an unusual anthrax epidemic occurred in Sverdlovsk, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Soviet officials attributed it to consumption of contaminated meat. U.S. agencies attributed it to inhalation of spores accidentally released at a military microbiology facility in the city. Epidemiological data show that most victims worked or lived in a narrow zone extending from the military facility to the southern city limit. Farther south, livestock died of anthrax along the zone's extended axis. The zone paralleled the northerly wind that prevailed shortly before the outbreak. It is concluded that the escape of an aerosol of anthrax pathogen at the military facility caused the outbreak.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meselson, M -- Guillemin, J -- Hugh-Jones, M -- Langmuir, A -- Popova, I -- Shelokov, A -- Yampolskaya, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 18;266(5188):1202-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7973702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aerosols ; Aged ; *Air Microbiology ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Anthrax/*epidemiology/history/microbiology/transmission/veterinary ; *Bacillus anthracis/immunology ; Bacterial Vaccines ; Biological Warfare ; *Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Male ; Meteorological Concepts ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Spores, Bacterial ; USSR/epidemiology ; Wind
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Naturally occurring variation in bristle number and DNA polymorphisms at the scabrous locus of Drosophila melanogaster (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-09
    Description: The association between quantitative genetic variation in bristle number and molecular variation at a candidate neurogenic locus, scabrous, was examined in Drosophila melanogaster. Approximately 32 percent of the genetic variation in abdominal bristle number (21 percent for sternopleural bristle number) among 47 second chromosomes from a natural population was correlated with DNA sequence polymorphisms at this locus. Several polymorphic sites associated with large phenotypic effects occurred at intermediate frequency. Quantitative genetic variation in natural populations caused by alleles that have large effects at a few loci and that segregate at intermediate frequencies conflicts with the classical infinitesimal model of the genetic basis of quantitative variation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lai, C -- Lyman, R F -- Long, A D -- Langley, C H -- Mackay, T F -- GM45146/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM45344/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 9;266(5191):1697-702.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Population Biology, University of California at Davis 95616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7992053" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/genetics ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Variation ; *Glycoproteins ; Haplotypes ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Proteins/*genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Sense Organs/anatomy & histology
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    A protein phosphatase 2C involved in ABA signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-06-03
    Description: The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) mediates various responses such as stomatal closure, the maintenance of seed dormancy, and the inhibition of plant growth. All three responses are affected in the ABA-insensitive mutant abi1 of Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that an early step in the signaling of ABA is controlled by the ABI1 locus. The ABI1 gene was cloned by chromosome walking, and a missense mutation was identified in the structural gene of the abi1 mutant. The ABI1 gene encodes a protein with high similarity to protein serine or threonine phosphatases of type 2C with the novel feature of a putative Ca2+ binding site. Thus, the control of the phosphorylation state of cell signaling components by the ABI1 product could mediate pleiotropic hormone responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer, K -- Leube, M P -- Grill, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jun 3;264(5164):1452-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8197457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abscisic Acid/*pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chromosome Walking ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Markers ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; *Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Adenosine inhibition of mesopontine cholinergic neurons: implications for EEG arousal (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-02-04
    Description: Increased discharge activity of mesopontine cholinergic neurons participates in the production of electroencephalographic (EEG) arousal; such arousal diminishes as a function of the duration of prior wakefulness or of brain hyperthermia. Whole-cell and extracellular recordings in a brainstem slice show that mesopontine cholinergic neurons are under the tonic inhibitory control of endogenous adenosine, a neuromodulator released during brain metabolism. This inhibitory tone is mediated postsynaptically by an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance and by an inhibition of the hyperpolarization-activated current. These data provide a coupling mechanism linking neuronal control of EEG arousal with the effects of prior wakefulness, brain hyperthermia, and the use of the adenosine receptor blockers caffeine and theophylline.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612520/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612520/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rainnie, D G -- Grunze, H C -- McCarley, R W -- Greene, R W -- R01 MH039683/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Feb 4;263(5147):689-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University, Brockton, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8303279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*physiology ; Animals ; Arousal/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Electric Conductivity ; *Electroencephalography/drug effects ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Neurons/*physiology ; Parasympathetic Nervous System/*physiology ; Potassium/metabolism ; Rats
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    An interleukin-4-induced transcription factor: IL-4 Stat (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-16
    Description: Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine secreted by activated T lymphocytes, basophils, and mast cells. It plays an important role in modulating the balance of T helper (Th) cell subsets, favoring expansion of the Th2 lineage relative to Th1. Imbalance of these T lymphocyte subsets has been implicated in immunological diseases including allergy, inflammation, and autoimmune disease. IL-4 may mediate its biological effects, at least in part, by activating a tyrosine-phosphorylated DNA binding protein. This protein has now been purified and its encoding gene cloned. Examination of the primary amino acid sequence of this protein indicates that it is a member of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) family of DNA binding proteins, hereby designated IL-4 Stat. Study of the inhibitory activities of phosphotyrosine-containing peptides derived from the intracellular domain of the IL-4 receptor provided evidence for direct coupling of receptor and transcription factor during the IL-4 Stat activation cycle. Such observations indicate that IL-4 Stat has the same functional domain for both receptor coupling and dimerization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hou, J -- Schindler, U -- Henzel, W J -- Ho, T C -- Brasseur, M -- McKnight, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 16;265(5179):1701-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tularik, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8085155" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-4/*pharmacology ; Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monocytes/metabolism ; Phosphopeptides/metabolism/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Polymers ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Receptors, Interleukin-4 ; Receptors, Mitogen/*metabolism ; STAT6 Transcription Factor ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Reactivation of hippocampal ensemble memories during sleep (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1994-07-29
    Description: Simultaneous recordings were made from large ensembles of hippocampal "place cells" in three rats during spatial behavioral tasks and in slow-wave sleep preceding and following these behaviors. Cells that fired together when the animal occupied particular locations in the environment exhibited an increased tendency to fire together during subsequent sleep, in comparison to sleep episodes preceding the behavioral tasks. Cells that were inactive during behavior, or that were active but had non-overlapping spatial firing, did not show this increase. This effect, which declined gradually during each post-behavior sleep session, may result from synaptic modification during waking experience. Information acquired during active behavior is thus re-expressed in hippocampal circuits during sleep, as postulated by some theories of memory consolidation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, M A -- McNaughton, B L -- MH46823/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 29;265(5172):676-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neural Systems, Memory, and Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8036517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Sleep/*physiology ; Spatial Behavior/physiology
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    Natural vertical transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in mosquitoes (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-02-04
    Description: The mechanism by which western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus and other mosquito-borne alphaviruses (Togaviridae) survive during periods of vector inactivity is unknown. Recently, three strains of WEE virus were isolated from adult Aedes dorsalis collected as larvae from a salt marsh in a coastal region of California. This provides evidence of vertical transmission of WEE virus in mosquitoes in nature. Vertical transmission in Ae. dorsalis and closely related mosquito species may be an important mechanism for the maintenance of WEE virus in temperate regions in North America where horizontal transmission of the virus is seasonal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fulhorst, C F -- Hardy, J L -- Eldridge, B F -- Presser, S B -- Reeves, W C -- AI-03028/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-26154/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Feb 4;263(5147):676-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8303276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*microbiology ; Animals ; California ; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/transmission ; Female ; Insect Vectors/*microbiology ; Larva/microbiology ; Male ; Seasons
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    Cystic fibrosis heterozygote resistance to cholera toxin in the cystic fibrosis mouse model (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-10-07
    Description: The effect of the number of cystic fibrosis (CF) alleles on cholera toxin (CT)-induced intestinal secretion was examined in the CF mouse model. CF mice that expressed no CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein did not secrete fluid in response to CT. Heterozygotes expressed 50 percent of the normal amount of CFTR protein in the intestinal epithelium and secreted 50 percent of the normal fluid and chloride ion in intestinal epithelium and secreted 50 percent of the normal fluid and chloride ion and fluid secretion suggests that CF heterozygotes might possess a selective advantage of resistance to cholera.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabriel, S E -- Brigman, K N -- Koller, B H -- Boucher, R C -- Stutts, M J -- DK46003/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL34322/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL42384/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Oct 7;266(5182):107-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7524148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Body Fluids/*secretion ; Chloride Channels/metabolism ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Cholera Toxin/*toxicity ; Crosses, Genetic ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/*genetics/physiopathology ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Intestinal Mucosa/*secretion ; Intestine, Small/secretion ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Mice
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  • 83
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    Reconstitution of transcription factor SL1: exclusive binding of TBP by SL1 or TFIID subunits (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-23
    Description: RNA polymerase I and II transcription factors SL1 and TFIID, respectively, are composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a set of TBP-associated factors (TAFs) responsible for promoter recognition. How the universal transcription factor TBP becomes committed to a TFIID or SL1 complex has not been known. Complementary DNAs encoding each of the three TAFIs that are integral components of SL1 have not been isolated. Analysis of subunit interactions indicated that the three TAFIs can bind individually and specifically to TBP. In addition, these TAFIs interact with each other to form a stable TBP-TAF complex. When TBP was bound first by either TAFI110, 63, or 48, subunits of TFIID such as TAFII250 and 150 did not bind TBP. Conversely, if TBP first formed a complex with TAFII250 or 150, the subunits of SL1 did not bind TBP. These results suggest that a mutually exclusive binding specificity for TBP intrinsic to SL1 and TFIID subunits directs the formation of promoter- and RNA polymerase-selective TBP-TAF complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Comai, L -- Zomerdijk, J C -- Beckmann, H -- Zhou, S -- Admon, A -- Tjian, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 23;266(5193):1966-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley 94720-3204.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7801123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding, Competitive ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Pol1 Transcription Initiation Complex Proteins ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; RNA Polymerase I/metabolism ; TATA Box ; *TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors ; TATA-Box Binding Protein ; Transcription Factor TFIID ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Lung cancer risk for female smokers (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1994-03-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Risch, H A -- Howe, G R -- Jain, M -- Burch, J D -- Holowaty, E J -- Miller, A B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Mar 4;263(5151):1206-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8122096" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*etiology/mortality ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking/*adverse effects
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  • 85
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    A subset of CD4+ thymocytes selected by MHC class I molecules (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-03-25
    Description: To complete their maturation, most immature thymocytes depend on the simultaneous engagement of their antigen receptor [alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR)] and their CD4 or CD8 coreceptors with major histocompatibility complex class II or I ligands, respectively. However, a normal subset of mature alpha beta TCR+ thymocytes did not follow these rules. These thymocytes expressed NK1.1 and a restricted set of alpha beta TCRs that are intrinsically class I-reactive because their positive selection was class I-dependent but CD8-independent. These cells were CD4+ and CD4-8- but never CD8+, because the presence of CD8 caused negative selection. Thus, neither CD4 nor CD8 contributes signals that direct their maturation into the CD4+ and CD4-8- lineages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bendelac, A -- Killeen, N -- Littman, D R -- Schwartz, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Mar 25;263(5154):1774-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7907820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/analysis ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Antigens, CD8/analysis ; Antigens, Ly ; Antigens, Surface ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Female ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*physiology ; Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B ; Phenotype ; Proteins/analysis ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis/*physiology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology
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  • 86
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    Environmental estrogens stir debate (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 15;265(5170):308-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8023147" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/physiology ; Environmental Pollutants/*adverse effects/metabolism/toxicity ; Estrogens/*adverse effects/metabolism/toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Reproduction/*drug effects ; Sperm Count/drug effects ; Testicular Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology
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  • 87
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    Rise and fall of the Y chromosome (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jan 14;263(5144):171-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8284667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Sex Determination Analysis ; *Y Chromosome
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  • 88
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    Kin selection, social structure, gene flow, and the evolution of chimpanzees (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-26
    Description: Hypotheses about chimpanzee social behavior, phylogeography, and evolution were evaluated by noninvasive genotyping of free-ranging individuals from 20 African sites. Degrees of relatedness among individuals in one community were inferred from allele-sharing at eight nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Males are related on the order of half-siblings, and homozygosity is significantly increased at several SSR loci compared to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. These data support the kin-selection hypothesis for the evolution of cooperation among males. Sequence variation patterns at two mitochondrial loci indicate historically high long-distance gene flow and clarify the relationships among three allopatric subspecies. The unexpectedly large genetic distance between the western subspecies, Pan troglodytes verus, and the other two subspecies suggests a divergence time of about 1.58 million years. This result, if confirmed at nuclear loci and supported by eco-behavioral data, implies that P. t. verus should be elevated to full species rank.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morin, P A -- Moore, J J -- Chakraborty, R -- Jin, L -- Goodall, J -- Woodruff, D S -- 1T32 HG00005-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 26;265(5176):1193-201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0116.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7915048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Alleles ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA/analysis/genetics ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Hair/chemistry ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pan troglodytes/classification/*genetics/psychology ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Social Behavior ; Tanzania
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  • 89
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    RPS2 of Arabidopsis thaliana: a leucine-rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-23
    Description: Plant disease resistance genes function is highly specific pathogen recognition pathways. PRS2 is a resistance gene of Arabidopsis thaliana that confers resistance against Pseudomonas syringae bacteria that express avirulence gene avrRpt2. RPS2 was isolated by the use of a positional cloning strategy. The derived amino acid sequence of RPS2 contains leucine-rich repeat, membrane-spanning, leucine zipper, and P loop domains. The function of the RPS2 gene product in defense signal transduction is postulated to involve nucleotide triphosphate binding and protein-protein interactions and may also involve the reception of an elicitor produced by the avirulent pathogen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bent, A F -- Kunkel, B N -- Dahlbeck, D -- Brown, K L -- Schmidt, R -- Giraudat, J -- Leung, J -- Staskawicz, B J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 23;265(5180):1856-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8091210" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/*genetics/microbiology ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cosmids ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Genes, Plant ; Leucine Zippers ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotype ; Plant Diseases/*genetics ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Pseudomonas/genetics/pathogenicity ; Signal Transduction ; Virulence
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  • 90
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    Study implicates second-hand smoke (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-04-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 1;264(5155):30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8140415" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Aortic Diseases/*etiology ; Arteriosclerosis/*etiology ; Chickens ; Humans ; Male ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*adverse effects
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  • 91
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    Suppression of hyphal formation in Candida albicans by mutation of a STE12 homolog (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-09
    Description: A Candida albicans gene (CPH1) was cloned that encodes a protein homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste12p, a transcription factor that is the target of the pheromone response mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. CPH1 complements both the mating defect of ste12 haploids and the filamentous growth defect of ste12/ste12 diploids. Candida albicans strains without a functional CPH1 gene (cph1/cph1) show suppressed hyphal formation on solid medium. However, cph1/cph1 strains can still form hyphae in liquid culture and in response to serum. Thus, filamentous growth may be activated in C. albicans by the same signaling kinase cascade that activates Ste12p in S. cerevisiae; however, alternative pathways may exist in C. albicans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, H -- Kohler, J -- Fink, G R -- GM402661/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 9;266(5191):1723-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7992058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Candida albicans/cytology/genetics/*growth & development ; Cloning, Molecular ; Culture Media ; Fungal Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; *Genes, Fungal ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/genetics/growth & development ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/physiology
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  • 92
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    The TATA-binding protein: a general transcription factor in eukaryotes and archaebacteria (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-27
    Description: The TATA-binding protein TBP appears to be essential for all transcription in eukaryotic cell nuclei, which suggests that its function was established early in evolution. Archaebacteria constitute a kingdom of organisms distinct from eukaryotes and eubacteria. Archaebacterial gene regulatory sequences often map to TATA box-like motifs. Here it is shown that the archaebacterium Pyrococcus woesei expresses a protein with structural and functional similarity to eukaryotic TBP molecules. This suggests that TBP's role in transcription was established before the archaebacterial and eukaryotic lineages diverged and that the transcription systems of archaebacteria and eukaryotes are fundamentally homologous.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rowlands, T -- Baumann, P -- Jackson, S P -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 27;264(5163):1326-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome/CRC Institute, Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8191287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Arabidopsis/genetics ; Archaea/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Eukaryotic Cells/*metabolism ; Genes, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; *TATA Box ; TATA-Box Binding Protein ; Transcription Factor TFIIB ; *Transcription Factor TFIIIB ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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  • 93
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    An experimental study of inbreeding depression in a natural habitat (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-10-14
    Description: Inbreeding is known to lead to decreased survival and reproduction in captive populations of animals. It is also important to know whether inbreeding has deleterious effects in natural habitats. An estimate was made of the effects of inbreeding in white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis, derived from a wild population. This study demonstrates that inbreeding had a significant detrimental effect on the survivorship of mice reintroduced into a natural habitat. This effect was more severe than the effect observed in laboratory studies of the population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jimenez, J A -- Hughes, K A -- Alaks, G -- Graham, L -- Lacy, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Oct 14;266(5183):271-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago 60680.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7939661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Female ; *Inbreeding ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Peromyscus/genetics/*physiology ; Regression Analysis ; Survival Rate
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  • 94
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    The return of Phineas Gage: clues about the brain from the skull of a famous patient (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-20
    Description: When the landmark patient Phineas Gage died in 1861, no autopsy was performed, but his skull was later recovered. The brain lesion that caused the profound personality changes for which his case became famous has been presumed to have involved the left frontal region, but questions have been raised about the involvement of other regions and about the exact placement of the lesion within the vast frontal territory. Measurements from Gage's skull and modern neuroimaging techniques were used to reconstitute the accident and determine the probable location of the lesion. The damage involved both left and right prefrontal cortices in a pattern that, as confirmed by Gage's modern counterparts, causes a defect in rational decision making and the processing of emotion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Damasio, H -- Grabowski, T -- Frank, R -- Galaburda, A M -- Damasio, A R -- P01 NS19632/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 20;264(5162):1102-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City 52242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8178168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Accidents, Occupational ; Brain Injuries/history/*psychology ; *Decision Making ; *Emotions ; Explosions ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*injuries/physiology ; Skull/*injuries ; Wounds, Penetrating/history/*psychology
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  • 95
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    Induction of an olfactory memory by the activation of a metabotropic glutamate receptor (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-08
    Description: Female mice form an olfactory memory of male pheromones at mating; exposure to the pheromones of a strange male after that mating will block pregnancy. The formation of this memory is mediated by the accessory olfactory system, in which an increase in norepinephrine after mating reduces inhibitory transmission of gamma-aminobutyric acid from the granule cells to the mitral cells. This study shows that the activation of mGluR2, a metabotropic glutamate receptor that suppresses the gamma-aminobutyric acid inhibition of the mitral cells, permits the formation of a specific olfactory memory without the occurrence of mating by infusion of mGluR2 agonists into the female's accessory olfactory bulb. This memory faithfully reflects the memory formed at mating.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaba, H -- Hayashi, Y -- Higuchi, T -- Nakanishi, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 8;265(5169):262-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Kochi Medical School, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8023145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cycloleucine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Cyclopropanes/pharmacology ; Estrus ; Female ; Glycine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Olfactory Bulb/cytology/*physiology ; Phentolamine/pharmacology ; Pheromones/*pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/drug effects/*physiology ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, Glutamate/*metabolism ; Receptors, Kainic Acid/metabolism ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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  • 96
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    Specification of pore properties by the carboxyl terminus of inwardly rectifying K+ channels (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-05-06
    Description: Inwardly rectifying potassium (K+) channels (IRKs) maintain the resting membrane potential of cells and permit prolonged depolarization, such as during the cardiac action potential. Inward rectification may result from block of the ion conduction pore by intracellular magnesium (Mgi2+). Two members of this family, IRK1 and ROMK1, which share 40 percent amino acid identity, differ markedly in single-channel K+ conductance and sensitivity to block by Mgi2+. The conserved H5 regions were hypothesized to determine these pore properties because they have this function in voltage-dependent K+ channels and in cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. However, exchange of the H5 region between IRK1 and ROMK1 had no effect on rectification and little or no effect on K+ conductance. By contrast, exchange of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions together transferred Mg2+ blockade and K+ conductance of IRK1 to ROMK1. Exchange of the carboxyl but not the amino terminus had a similar effect. Therefore, the carboxyl terminus appears to have a major role in specifying the pore properties of IRKs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taglialatela, M -- Wible, B A -- Caporaso, R -- Brown, A M -- HL36930/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL37044/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS23877/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 May 6;264(5160):844-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8171340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electric Conductivity ; Ion Channel Gating ; Magnesium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/chemistry/*metabolism/*physiology ; *Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Xenopus
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  • 97
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    Benefit to male sailfin mollies of mating with heterospecific females (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-01-21
    Description: Female gynogens reproduce clonally but rely on sperm from heterospecific males to initiate embryogenesis. It has been assumed that males gain no benefit from such matings; thus, selection should favor males that avoid them. Here it is shown that males gain a benefit by mating with female gynogens in an asexual-sexual complex of fish. The sexual females increase their preference for males whom they observe consorting with female gynogens. Thus, gynogenetic species might persist because selection favors males to be sexually parasitized.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlupp, I -- Marler, C -- Ryan, M J -- F32 MH10204/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jan 21;263(5145):373-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin 78712.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8278809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Male ; Poecilia/*physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 98
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    Splicing of the rolA transcript of Agrobacterium rhizogenes in Arabidopsis (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-12-23
    Description: The rolA gene encoded on the Ri plasmid A4 of Agrobacterium rhizogenes is one of the transferred (TL-DNA) genes involved in the pathogenesis of hairy-root disease in plants. The function of the 100-amino acid protein product of rolA is unknown, although its expression causes physiological and developmental alterations in transgenic plants. The rolA gene of A. rhizogenes contains an intron in its untranslated leader region that has features typical of plant pre-messenger RNA introns. Transcription and splicing of the rolA pre-messenger RNA occur in the plant cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Magrelli, A -- Langenkemper, K -- Dehio, C -- Schell, J -- Spena, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 23;266(5193):1986-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Plank-Institut fur Zuchtungsforschung, Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7528444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/*genetics/microbiology ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; *Plasmids ; RNA Precursors/*genetics ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Bacterial/*genetics ; Rhizobium/*genetics ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 99
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    Long-term potentiation: evidence against an increase in transmitter release probability in the CA1 region of the hippocampus (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-09-23
    Description: It is widely accepted that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus is triggered postsynaptically, but there is considerable debate as to the site at which the increase in synaptic strength is expressed. The irreversible open-channel blocking action of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 has been used to test whether the probability of transmitter release (Pr) is increased during LTP. Although the rate of decline of the amplitude of the NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in the presence of MK-801 strongly depends on Pr, the rate of decline of the EPSC evoked at synapses expressing LTP is identical to that observed at synapses not expressing LTP. These findings are difficult to reconcile with models in which the expression of LTP is due to an increase in Pr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manabe, T -- Nicoll, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Sep 23;265(5180):1888-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7916483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Long-Term Potentiation ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Receptors, AMPA/antagonists & inhibitors/physiology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Synapses/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Dependence on REM sleep of overnight improvement of a perceptual skill (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-07-29
    Description: Several paradigms of perceptual learning suggest that practice can trigger long-term, experience-dependent changes in the adult visual system of humans. As shown here, performance of a basic visual discrimination task improved after a normal night's sleep. Selective disruption of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep resulted in no performance gain during a comparable sleep interval, although non-REM slow-wave sleep disruption did not affect improvement. On the other hand, deprivation of REM sleep had no detrimental effects on the performance of a similar, but previously learned, task. These results indicate that a process of human memory consolidation, active during sleep, is strongly dependent on REM sleep.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karni, A -- Tanne, D -- Rubenstein, B S -- Askenasy, J J -- Sagi, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jul 29;265(5172):679-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8036518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Electrodiagnosis ; Female ; Form Perception/*physiology ; Humans ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Sleep Deprivation/physiology ; Sleep Stages/physiology ; Sleep, REM/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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