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  • Models, Biological  (68)
  • Population Dynamics  (61)
  • Fisheries
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Seismology
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (119)
  • Victoria: Seychelles Fishing Authority  (2)
  • Am. Meteor. Soc.
  • WWF Programa Marino para Latinoamérica y el Caribe
  • 2005-2009  (121)
  • 1950-1954
  • 2006  (121)
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  • 2005-2009  (121)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
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    Responding to amphibian loss (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pounds, J Alan -- Carnaval, Ana Carolina -- Puschendorf, Robert -- Haddad, Celio F B -- Masters, Karen L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1541-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amphibians ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Chytridiomycota ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Greenhouse Effect ; Mycoses/veterinary ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Ecology. Staying connected in a turbulent world (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steneck, Robert S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):480-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Darling Marine Center, Walpole, ME 04573, USA. steneck@maine.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Caribbean Region ; Computer Simulation ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes/growth & development/*physiology ; Larva/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; *Swimming ; Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Sustainability. Resolving mismatches in U.S. ocean governance (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crowder, L B -- Osherenko, G -- Young, O R -- Airame, S -- Norse, E A -- Baron, N -- Day, J C -- Douvere, F -- Ehler, C N -- Halpern, B S -- Langdon, S J -- McLeod, K L -- Ogden, J C -- Peach, R E -- Rosenberg, A A -- Wilson, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):617-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Marine Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA. lcrowder@duke.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Fishes ; *Government Regulation ; *Marine Biology ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Seawater ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Ecology. Global loss of biodiversity harming ocean bounty (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):745.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Oceans and Seas ; *Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Seafood ; Seawater ; Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Aggresomes and autophagy generate sites for virus replication (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: The replication of many viruses is associated with specific intracellular compartments called virus factories or virioplasm. These are thought to provide a physical scaffold to concentrate viral components and thereby increase the efficiency of replication. The formation of virus replication sites often results in rearrangement of cellular membranes and reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Similar rearrangements are seen in cells in response to protein aggregation, where aggresomes and autophagosomes are produced to facilitate protein degradation. Here I review the evidence that some viruses induce aggresomes and autophagosomes to generate sites of replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wileman, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):875-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. t.wileman@uea.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Autophagy ; Cell Membrane Structures/ultrastructure/virology ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure/virology ; Cell Nucleus Structures/ultrastructure/virology ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles/physiology/ultrastructure/*virology ; DNA Viruses/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Phagosomes/physiology/*virology ; Proteins/metabolism ; RNA Viruses/*physiology ; *Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Comment on "Stability via asynchrony in Drosophila metapopulations with low migration rates" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-21
    Description: Dey and Joshi (Reports, 21 April 2006, p. 434) studied replicate laboratory populations of Drosophila and reported that low migration led to asynchrony among subpopulations. We argue that this unexpected outcome may be due to variation in the initial size of the subpopulations and uncontrolled stochasticity in the experiments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ranta, Esa -- Kaitala, Veijo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 20;314(5798):420; author reply 420.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrative Ecology Unit, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. esa.ranta@helsinki.fi〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Group competition, reproductive leveling, and the evolution of human altruism (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: Humans behave altruistically in natural settings and experiments. A possible explanation-that groups with more altruists survive when groups compete-has long been judged untenable on empirical grounds for most species. But there have been no empirical tests of this explanation for humans. My empirical estimates show that genetic differences between early human groups are likely to have been great enough so that lethal intergroup competition could account for the evolution of altruism. Crucial to this process were distinctive human practices such as sharing food beyond the immediate family, monogamy, and other forms of reproductive leveling. These culturally transmitted practices presuppose advanced cognitive and linguistic capacities, possibly accounting for the distinctive forms of altruism found in our species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowles, Samuel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1569-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA, and Universita di Siena, 17 Piazza San Francesco, Siena, Italy. bowles@santafe.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altruism ; Archaeology ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; *Competitive Behavior ; Cultural Evolution ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; *Group Processes ; Humans ; Mathematics ; Models, Theoretical ; Population Dynamics ; *Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Violence ; Warfare
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Emergence of drug-resistant influenza virus: population dynamical considerations (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: Given the considerable challenges to the rapid development of an effective vaccine against influenza, antiviral agents will play an important role as a first-line defense if a new pandemic occurs. The large-scale use of drugs for chemoprophylaxis and treatment will impose strong selection for the evolution of drug-resistant strains. The ensuing transmission of those strains could substantially limit the effectiveness of the drugs as a first-line defense. Summarizing recent data on the rate at which the treatment of influenza infection generates resistance de novo and on the transmission fitness of resistant virus, we discuss possible implications for the epidemiological spread of drug resistance in the context of an established population dynamic model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Regoes, Roland R -- Bonhoeffer, Sebastian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):389-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, ETH Zentrum CHN K12.1, Universitatsstrasse 16, CH 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetamides/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Amantadine/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Computer Simulation ; Disease Outbreaks ; *Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/*drug effects/genetics/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/*drug therapy/epidemiology/*prevention & control/virology ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Orthomyxoviridae/*drug effects/genetics/pathogenicity ; Oseltamivir ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Nonrandom processes maintain diversity in tropical forests (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: An ecological community's species diversity tends to erode through time as a result of stochastic extinction, competitive exclusion, and unstable host-enemy dynamics. This erosion of diversity can be prevented over the short term if recruits are highly diverse as a result of preferential recruitment of rare species or, alternatively, if rare species survive preferentially, which increases diversity as the ages of the individuals increase. Here, we present census data from seven New and Old World tropical forest dynamics plots that all show the latter pattern. Within local areas, the trees that survived were as a group more diverse than those that were recruited or those that died. The larger (and therefore on average older) survivors were more diverse within local areas than the smaller survivors. When species were rare in a local area, they had a higher survival rate than when they were common, resulting in enrichment for rare species and increasing diversity with age and size class in these complex ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wills, Christopher -- Harms, Kyle E -- Condit, Richard -- King, David -- Thompson, Jill -- He, Fangliang -- Muller-Landau, Helene C -- Ashton, Peter -- Losos, Elizabeth -- Comita, Liza -- Hubbell, Stephen -- Lafrankie, James -- Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh -- Dattaraja, H S -- Davies, Stuart -- Esufali, Shameema -- Foster, Robin -- Gunatilleke, Nimal -- Gunatilleke, Savitri -- Hall, Pamela -- Itoh, Akira -- John, Robert -- Kiratiprayoon, Somboon -- de Lao, Suzanne Loo -- Massa, Marie -- Nath, Cheryl -- Noor, Md Nur Supardi -- Kassim, Abdul Rahman -- Sukumar, Raman -- Suresh, Hebbalalu Satyanarayana -- Sun, I-Fang -- Tan, Sylvester -- Yamakura, Takuo -- Zimmerman, Jess -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):527-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA. cwills@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439661" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Cell biology. A metabolic push to proliferate (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brasaemle, Dawn L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1581-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. brasaemle@aesop.rutgers.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973864" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Caveolae/metabolism ; Caveolin 1/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Glucose/administration & dosage ; Hepatocytes/cytology/*metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; *Lipid Metabolism ; *Liver Regeneration ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Phospholipids/biosynthesis ; Triglycerides/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Decline of vultures in Asia (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Rhys E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/poisoning ; Asia ; Diclofenac/*poisoning ; *Falconiformes ; Food Chain ; India ; Population Dynamics ; Thiazines/pharmacology ; Thiazoles/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    A major ecosystem shift in the northern Bering Sea (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: Until recently, northern Bering Sea ecosystems were characterized by extensive seasonal sea ice cover, high water column and sediment carbon production, and tight pelagic-benthic coupling of organic production. Here, we show that these ecosystems are shifting away from these characteristics. Changes in biological communities are contemporaneous with shifts in regional atmospheric and hydrographic forcing. In the past decade, geographic displacement of marine mammal population distributions has coincided with a reduction of benthic prey populations, an increase in pelagic fish, a reduction in sea ice, and an increase in air and ocean temperatures. These changes now observed on the shallow shelf of the northern Bering Sea should be expected to affect a much broader portion of the Pacific-influenced sector of the Arctic Ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grebmeier, Jacqueline M -- Overland, James E -- Moore, Sue E -- Farley, Ed V -- Carmack, Eddy C -- Cooper, Lee W -- Frey, Karen E -- Helle, John H -- McLaughlin, Fiona A -- McNutt, S Lyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1461-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 10515 Research Drive, Building A, Suite 100, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA. jgrebmei@utk.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527980" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Ducks ; *Ecosystem ; Fishes ; Geologic Sediments/chemistry ; *Ice Cover ; Oxygen/analysis ; Pacific Ocean ; Population Dynamics ; Temperature ; Walruses ; Whales
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Long-distance dispersal of plants (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) of plants poses challenges to research because it involves rare events driven by complex and highly stochastic processes. The current surge of renewed interest in LDD, motivated by growing recognition of its critical importance for natural populations and communities and for humanity, promises an improved, quantitatively derived understanding of LDD. To gain deep insights into the patterns, mechanisms, causes, and consequences of LDD, we must look beyond the standard dispersal vectors and the mean trend of the distribution of dispersal distances. "Nonstandard" mechanisms such as extreme climatic events and generalized LDD vectors seem to hold the greatest explanatory power for the drastic deviations from the mean trend, deviations that make the nearly impossible LDD a reality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathan, Ran -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):786-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Movement Ecology Laboratory, Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel. rnathan@cc.huji.ac.il〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; *Plants ; Pollen ; Population Dynamics ; Probability ; *Seeds ; Selection, Genetic ; Stochastic Processes ; Water Movements ; *Weather ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    alphaE-catenin controls cerebral cortical size by regulating the hedgehog signaling pathway (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-18
    Description: During development, cells monitor and adjust their rates of accumulation to produce organs of predetermined size. We show here that central nervous system-specific deletion of the essential adherens junction gene, alphaE-catenin, causes abnormal activation of the hedgehog pathway, resulting in shortening of the cell cycle, decreased apoptosis, and cortical hyperplasia. We propose that alphaE-catenin connects cell-density-dependent adherens junctions with the developmental hedgehog pathway and that this connection may provide a negative feedback loop controlling the size of developing cerebral cortex.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2556178/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2556178/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lien, Wen-Hui -- Klezovitch, Olga -- Fernandez, Tania E -- Delrow, Jeff -- Vasioukhin, Valeri -- P41 RR011823/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR011823-128171/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA098161-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1609-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16543460" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adherens Junctions/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Count ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Polarity ; Central Nervous System/embryology ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*embryology/pathology/physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Hyperplasia ; Mice ; Mitosis ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology/ultrastructure ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; alpha Catenin/genetics/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Cell signaling. A new way to burn fat (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neels, Jaap G -- Olefsky, Jerrold M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1756-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0673, USA. jolefsky@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Adipocytes/metabolism ; Adipose Tissue/*metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fasting ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Insulin/physiology ; Insulin Resistance ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Lipogenesis ; Liver/metabolism ; Malonyl Coenzyme A/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Obesity/therapy ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The molecular architecture of axonemes revealed by cryoelectron tomography (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-19
    Description: Eukaryotic flagella and cilia are built on a 9 + 2 array of microtubules plus 〉250 accessory proteins, forming a biological machine called the axoneme. Here we describe the three-dimensional structure of rapidly frozen axonemes from Chlamydomonas and sea urchin sperm, using cryoelectron tomography and image processing to focus on the motor enzyme dynein. Our images suggest a model for the way dynein generates force to slide microtubules. They also reveal two dynein linkers that may provide "hard-wiring" to coordinate motor enzyme action, both circumferentially and along the axoneme. Periodic densities were also observed inside doublet microtubules; these may contribute to doublet stability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicastro, Daniela -- Schwartz, Cindi -- Pierson, Jason -- Gaudette, Richard -- Porter, Mary E -- McIntosh, J Richard -- 2R37-GM55667/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR 000592/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):944-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for 3D Electron Microscopy of Cells, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, CB 347, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA. nicastro@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917055" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/ultrastructure ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Dyneins/*chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Flagella/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Freezing ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Microtubules/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Sea Urchins ; Sperm Tail/chemistry/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Tomography
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Stability via asynchrony in Drosophila metapopulations with low migration rates (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: Very few experimental studies have examined how migration rate affects metapopulation dynamics and stability. We studied the dynamics of replicate laboratory metapopulations of Drosophila under different migration rates. Low migration stabilized metapopulation dynamics, while promoting unstable subpopulation dynamics, by inducing asynchrony among neighboring subpopulations. High migration synchronized subpopulation dynamics, thereby destabilizing the metapopulations. Contrary to some theoretical predictions, increased migration did not affect average population size. Simulations based on a simple non-species-specific population growth model captured most features of the data, which suggests that our results are generalizable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dey, Sutirth -- Joshi, Amitabh -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):434-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, Evolutionary & Organismal Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560 064, India.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth
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  • 18
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    Comment on "On the regulation of populations of mammals, birds, fish, and insects" II (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: Sibly et al. (Reports, 22 July 2005, p. 607) recently estimated the relationship between population size and growth rate for 1780 time series of various species. I explain why some aspects of their analysis are questionable and, therefore, why their results and estimation procedure should be used with care.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, Joshua V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1100; author reply 1100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mathematics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. jvr@maths.uq.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Insects ; Logistic Models ; *Mammals ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Regression Analysis
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    Cell biology. Purinergic chemotaxis (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linden, Joel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1689-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. jlinden@virginia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/metabolism ; Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Apyrase/pharmacology ; *Autocrine Communication ; Blood Platelets/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; *Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine ; Neutrophils/drug effects/*metabolism/physiology ; Receptor, Adenosine A3/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2 ; Respiratory Burst/drug effects ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Archaeology. The end of Angkor (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1364-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Cambodia ; Cities/*history ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; History, Medieval ; Population Dynamics ; Sanitary Engineering/history ; Trees ; Water Supply
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  • 21
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    Dual infection with HIV and malaria fuels the spread of both diseases in sub-Saharan Africa (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: Mounting evidence has revealed pathological interactions between HIV and malaria in dually infected patients, but the public health implications of the interplay have remained unclear. A transient almost one-log elevation in HIV viral load occurs during febrile malaria episodes; in addition, susceptibility to malaria is enhanced in HIV-infected patients. A mathematical model applied to a setting in Kenya with an adult population of roughly 200,000 estimated that, since 1980, the disease interaction may have been responsible for 8,500 excess HIV infections and 980,000 excess malaria episodes. Co-infection might also have facilitated the geographic expansion of malaria in areas where HIV prevalence is high. Hence, transient and repeated increases in HIV viral load resulting from recurrent co-infection with malaria may be an important factor in promoting the spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abu-Raddad, Laith J -- Patnaik, Padmaja -- Kublin, James G -- P30 AI 27757/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1603-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. laith@scharp.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; Disease Susceptibility ; Endemic Diseases ; Female ; HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology/transmission/virology ; HIV-1/physiology ; Humans ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Malaria, Falciparum/*complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology/transmission ; Male ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Sexual Behavior ; Viral Load ; Viremia ; Virus Replication
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    Engineering cooperativity in biomotor-protein assemblies (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: A biosynthetic approach was developed to control and probe cooperativity in multiunit biomotor assemblies by linking molecular motors to artificial protein scaffolds. This approach provides precise control over spatial and elastic coupling between motors. Cooperative interactions between monomeric kinesin-1 motors attached to protein scaffolds enhance hydrolysis activity and microtubule gliding velocity. However, these interactions are not influenced by changes in the elastic properties of the scaffold, distinguishing multimotor transport from that powered by unorganized monomeric motors. These results highlight the role of supramolecular architecture in determining mechanisms of collective transport.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diehl, Michael R -- Zhang, Kechun -- Lee, Heun Jin -- Tirrell, David A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 10;311(5766):1468-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. diehl@rice.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/chemistry ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Elasticity ; Elastin/chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Kinesin/chemistry ; Microtubules/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Engineering ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Bacterial small-molecule signaling pathways (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: Bacteria use diverse small molecules for extra- and intracellular signaling. They scan small-molecule mixtures to access information about both their extracellular environment and their intracellular physiological status, and based on this information, they continuously interpret their circumstances and react rapidly to changes. Bacteria must integrate extra- and intracellular signaling information to mount appropriate responses to changes in their environment. We review recent research into two fundamental bacterial small-molecule signaling pathways: extracellular quorum-sensing signaling and intracellular cyclic dinucleotide signaling. We suggest how these two pathways may converge to control complex processes including multicellularity, biofilm formation, and virulence. We also outline new questions that have arisen from recent studies in these fields.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776824/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776824/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Camilli, Andrew -- Bassler, Bonnie L -- R01 AI045746/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI045746-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1113-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111-1817, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Butyrolactone/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Cyclic GMP/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genes, Bacterial ; Homoserine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Lactones/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases/metabolism ; Purine Nucleotides/metabolism ; Quinolones/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems ; *Signal Transduction ; Virulence/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    Comment on "A keystone mutualism drives pattern in a power function" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: Vandermeer and Perfecto (Reports, 17 February 2006, p. 1000) reported a general power law pattern in the distribution of a common agricultural pest. However, there is an exact analytical solution for the expected cluster distribution under the proposed null model of density-independent growth in a patchy landscape. Reanalysis of the data shows that the system is not in a critical state but confirms the importance of a mutualism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alonso, David -- Pascual, Mercedes -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1739; author reply 1739.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA. dalonso@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; *Coffea ; *Ecosystem ; Hemiptera/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Growth ; Probability ; *Symbiosis
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    Evolution. Fossil record reveals tropics as cradle and museum (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Charles R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):66-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. cmarshal@oeb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bivalvia/anatomy & histology/classification ; *Fossils ; Geography ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; *Tropical Climate
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    Evolution. Darwin for all seasons (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szathmary, Eors -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):306-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biology, Eotvos University Budapest, and Collegium Budapest (Institute for Advanced Study), 2 Szentharomsag utca, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary. szathmary@colbud.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Computational Biology ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cultural Evolution ; Exobiology ; Humans ; Language ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Molecular Biology ; Origin of Life ; *Research ; Selection, Genetic
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    Marine parks need sharks? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chapman, Demian D F -- Pikitch, Ellen K -- Babcock, Elizabeth A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):526-8; author reply 526-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Biomass ; Caribbean Region ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks
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    GE Prize-winning essay. The emergence of cells during the origin of life (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Irene A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 8;314(5805):1558-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Health Sciences and Technology at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ichen@post.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Awards and Prizes ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cells ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lipid Bilayers ; *Liposomes/chemistry ; Models, Biological ; *Origin of Life ; Osmotic Pressure ; *Rna ; RNA, Catalytic
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    Does the world really need more babies? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-09-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuckerman, Ben -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 29;313(5795):1885-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17008509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Birth Rate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Developed Countries ; *Environment ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; *Population Growth
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Loss of a harvested fish species disrupts carbon flow in a diverse tropical river (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Harvesting threatens many vertebrate species, yet few whole-system manipulations have been conducted to predict the consequences of vertebrate losses on ecosystem function. Here, we show that a harvested migratory detrital-feeding fish (Prochilodontidae: Prochilodus mariae) modulates carbon flow and ecosystem metabolism. Natural declines in and experimental removal of Prochilodus decreased downstream transport of organic carbon and increased primary production and respiration. Thus, besides its economic value, Prochilodus is a critical ecological component of South American rivers. Lack of functional redundancy for this species highlights the importance of individual species and, contrary to theory, suggests that losing one species from lower trophic levels can affect ecosystem functioning even in species-rich ecosystems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, Brad W -- Flecker, Alexander S -- Hall, Robert O Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):833-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. brad.taylor@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Biofilms ; Biomass ; Body Size ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; *Fisheries ; Fishes/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Food Chain ; Population Dynamics ; *Rivers ; Seasons ; South America ; Tropical Climate
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    Fish population and behavior revealed by instantaneous continental shelf-scale imaging (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-04
    Description: Until now, continental shelf environments have been monitored with highly localized line-transect methods from slow-moving research vessels. These methods significantly undersample fish populations in time and space, leaving an incomplete and ambiguous record of abundance and behavior. We show that fish populations in continental shelf environments can be instantaneously imaged over thousands of square kilometers and continuously monitored by a remote sensing technique in which the ocean acts as an acoustic waveguide. The technique has revealed the instantaneous horizontal structural characteristics and volatile short-term behavior of very large fish shoals, containing tens of millions of fish and stretching for many kilometers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Makris, Nicholas C -- Ratilal, Purnima -- Symonds, Deanelle T -- Jagannathan, Srinivasan -- Lee, Sunwoong -- Nero, Redwood W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):660-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Ocean Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. makris@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustics ; Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Behavior, Animal ; Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; Oceanography ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; Time
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Wildlife conservation. The carnivore comeback (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):746-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082433" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic ; *Animals, Wild ; Behavior, Animal ; *Carnivora/genetics/physiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Europe ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; Public Opinion ; Ursidae
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Atmosphere. Plant respiration in a warmer world (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, Anthony W -- Gunderson, Carla A -- Post, Wilfred M -- Weston, David J -- Wullschleger, Stan D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):536-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. kingaw@ornl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645083" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acclimatization ; Atmosphere ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; *Climate ; Computer Simulation ; Ecosystem ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Plant Leaves/*metabolism ; Soil/analysis ; *Temperature
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    Comment on "Neutral ecological theory reveals isolation and rapid speciation in a biodiversity hot spot" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-04
    Description: Latimer et al. (Reports, 9 September 2005, p. 1722) used an approximate likelihood function to estimate parameters of Hubbell's neutral model of biodiversity. Reanalysis with the exact likelihood not only yields different estimates but also shows that two similar likelihood maxima for very different parameter combinations can occur. This reveals a limitation of using species abundance data to gain insight into speciation and dispersal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Etienne, Rampal S -- Latimer, Andrew M -- Silander, John A Jr -- Cowling, Richard M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 3;311(5761):610.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands. r.s.etienne@rug.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16456064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; *Biodiversity ; *Ecology ; Ecosystem ; *Genetic Speciation ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Biological ; *Plants/classification/genetics ; South Africa
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    Migration and Dispersal. Inching toward movement ecology (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):779-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Computer Simulation ; *Ecology ; Flight, Animal ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; *Movement ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Population Dynamics ; Wind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Migration and Dispersal. Sound sightings (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):777.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acoustics ; *Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; International Cooperation ; Movement ; Oceans and Seas ; Seawater ; Telemetry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cell biology. Balancing life-or-death decisions (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartek, Jiri -- Lukas, Jiri -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):261-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cancer Biology and Centre for Genotoxic Stress Research, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. jb@cancer.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17038611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; BRCA2 Protein/metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; DNA Replication ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Phosphorylation ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transcription, Genetic ; cdc25 Phosphatases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The baby deficit (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1894-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; *Birth Rate ; *Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Emigration and Immigration ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parental Leave ; Population Dynamics ; *Population Growth ; Pregnancy ; Public Policy ; *Reproductive Behavior
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    Planktonic foraminifera of the California Current reflect 20th-century warming (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: It is currently unclear whether observed pelagic ecosystem responses to ocean warming, such as a mid-1970s change in the eastern North Pacific, depart from typical ocean variability. We report variations in planktonic foraminifera from varved sediments off southern California spanning the past 1400 years. Increasing abundances of tropical/subtropical species throughout the 20th century reflect a warming trend superimposed on decadal-scale fluctuations. Decreasing abundances of temperate/subpolar species in the late 20th century indicate a deep, penetrative warming not observed in previous centuries. These results imply that 20th-century warming, apparently anthropogenic, has already affected lower trophic levels of the California Current.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Field, David B -- Baumgartner, Timothy R -- Charles, Christopher D -- Ferreira-Bartrina, Vicente -- Ohman, Mark D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):63-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. dfield@mbari.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; *Eukaryota/classification ; *Geologic Sediments ; Greenhouse Effect ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Principal Component Analysis ; Seasons ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; *Zooplankton/classification
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Going east: new genetic and archaeological perspectives on the modern human colonization of Eurasia (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: The pattern of dispersal of biologically and behaviorally modern human populations from their African origins to the rest of the occupied world between approximately 60,000 and 40,000 years ago is at present a topic of lively debate, centering principally on the issue of single versus multiple dispersals. Here I argue that the archaeological and genetic evidence points to a single successful dispersal event, which took genetically and culturally modern populations fairly rapidly across southern and southeastern Asia into Australasia, and with only a secondary and later dispersal into Europe.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mellars, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):796-800.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Archaeology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK. pam59@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902130" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; *Archaeology ; Asia ; Australia ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Continental Population Groups/genetics/*history ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Europe ; Founder Effect ; Genetics, Population ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Population Dynamics ; Time
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    Biodiversity. Confronting amphibian declines and extinctions (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mendelson, Joseph R 3rd -- Lips, Karen R -- Gagliardo, Ronald W -- Rabb, George B -- Collins, James P -- Diffendorfer, James E -- Daszak, Peter -- Ibanez D, Roberto -- Zippel, Kevin C -- Lawson, Dwight P -- Wright, Kevin M -- Stuart, Simon N -- Gascon, Claude -- da Silva, Helio R -- Burrowes, Patricia A -- Joglar, Rafael L -- La Marca, Enrique -- Lotters, Stefan -- du Preez, Louis H -- Weldon, Che -- Hyatt, Alex -- Rodriguez-Mahecha, Jose Vicente -- Hunt, Susan -- Robertson, Helen -- Lock, Brad -- Raxworthy, Christopher J -- Frost, Darrel R -- Lacy, Robert C -- Alford, Ross A -- Campbell, Jonathan A -- Parra-Olea, Gabriela -- Bolanos, Federico -- Domingo, Jose Joaquin Calvo -- Halliday, Tim -- Murphy, James B -- Wake, Marvalee H -- Coloma, Luis A -- Kuzmin, Sergius L -- Price, Mark Stanley -- Howell, Kim M -- Lau, Michael -- Pethiyagoda, Rohan -- Boone, Michelle -- Lannoo, Michael J -- Blaustein, Andrew R -- Dobson, Andy -- Griffiths, Richard A -- Crump, Martha L -- Wake, David B -- Brodie, Edmund D Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):48.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoo Atlanta, 800 Cherokee Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30315, USA. jmendelson@zooatlanta.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Amphibians ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Chytridiomycota ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *International Agencies ; International Cooperation ; Mycoses/veterinary ; Population Dynamics
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    Ornithology. The pink death: die-offs of the lesser flamingo raise concern (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koenig, Robert -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1724-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa, Eastern/epidemiology ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Bacterial Toxins/analysis/toxicity ; Behavior, Animal ; Bird Diseases/*epidemiology ; *Birds ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Cyanobacteria ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fresh Water ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Temperature
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    Evolution. Competition drives big beaks out of business (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):156.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840668" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Competitive Behavior ; Diet ; Disasters ; Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Feeding Behavior ; *Finches/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Food ; Population Dynamics ; *Seeds ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Late colonization of Easter Island (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-11
    Description: Easter Island (Rapa Nui) provides a model of human-induced environmental degradation. A reliable chronology is central to understanding the cultural, ecological, and demographic processes involved. Radiocarbon dates for the earliest stratigraphic layers at Anakena, Easter Island, and analysis of previous radiocarbon dates imply that the island was colonized late, about 1200 A.D. Substantial ecological impacts and major cultural investments in monumental architecture and statuary thus began soon after initial settlement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hunt, Terry L -- Lipo, Carl P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 17;311(5767):1603-6. Epub 2006 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai'i Manoa, 2424 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. thunt@hawaii.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthropology ; Anthropology, Cultural ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Emigration and Immigration/*history ; *Environment ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Plants ; Polynesia ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth
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    JETLAG resets the Drosophila circadian clock by promoting light-induced degradation of TIMELESS (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: Organisms ranging from bacteria to humans synchronize their internal clocks to daily cycles of light and dark. Photic entrainment of the Drosophila clock is mediated by proteasomal degradation of the clock protein TIMELESS (TIM). We have identified mutations in jetlag-a gene coding for an F-box protein with leucine-rich repeats-that result in reduced light sensitivity of the circadian clock. Mutant flies show rhythmic behavior in constant light, reduced phase shifts in response to light pulses, and reduced light-dependent degradation of TIM. Expression of JET along with the circadian photoreceptor cryptochrome (CRY) in cultured S2R cells confers light-dependent degradation onto TIM, thereby reconstituting the acute response + of the circadian clock to light in a cell culture system. Our results suggest that JET is essential for resetting the clock by transmitting light signals from CRY to TIM.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2767177/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2767177/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koh, Kyunghee -- Zheng, Xiangzhong -- Sehgal, Amita -- NS048471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS048471-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1809-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794082" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cryptochromes ; Drosophila/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Eye Proteins/metabolism ; F-Box Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Female ; *Light ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Transgenes ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
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    From individual dispersal to species ranges: perspectives for a changing world (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-12
    Description: Dispersal is often risky to the individual, yet the long-term survival of populations depends on having a sufficient number of individuals that move, find each other, and locate suitable breeding habitats. This tension has consequences that rarely meet our conservation or management goals. This is particularly true in changing environments, which makes the study of dispersal urgently topical in a world plagued with habitat loss, climate change, and species introductions. Despite the difficulty of tracking mobile individuals over potentially vast ranges, recent research has revealed a multitude of ways in which dispersal evolution can either constrain, or accelerate, species' responses to environmental changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kokko, Hanna -- Lopez-Sepulcre, Andres -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):789-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. hanna.kokko@helsinki.fi〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16902127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Animal Migration ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; Cues ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Genes ; Homing Behavior ; Humans ; *Movement ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic
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    Biomass, size, and trophic status of top predators in the Pacific Ocean (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-16
    Description: Fisheries have removed at least 50 million tons of tuna and other top-level predators from the Pacific Ocean pelagic ecosystem since 1950, leading to concerns about a catastrophic reduction in population biomass and the collapse of oceanic food chains. We analyzed all available data from Pacific tuna fisheries for 1950-2004 to provide comprehensive estimates of fishery impacts on population biomass and size structure. Current biomass ranges among species from 36 to 91% of the biomass predicted in the absence of fishing, a level consistent with or higher than standard fisheries management targets. Fish larger than 175 centimeters fork length have decreased from 5% to approximately 1% of the total population. The trophic level of the catch has decreased slightly, but there is no detectable decrease in the trophic level of the population. These results indicate substantial, though not catastrophic, impacts of fisheries on these top-level predators and minor impacts on the ecosystem in the Pacific Ocean.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sibert, John -- Hampton, John -- Kleiber, Pierre -- Maunder, Mark -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 15;314(5806):1773-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. sibert@hawaii.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17170304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomass ; Body Size ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Fisheries ; *Food Chain ; Pacific Ocean ; Perciformes/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Sharks/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Tuna/anatomy & histology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Plant science. Auxin transport, but in which direction? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sieberer, Tobias -- Leyser, Ottoline -- BBS/B/09392/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):858-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 4YW, UK. ts20@york.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism ; Arabidopsis/cytology/growth & development/*metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phthalimides/metabolism ; Plant Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Tobacco/cytology/growth & development/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Comment on "On the regulation of populations of mammals, birds, fish, and insects" I (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: Sibly et al. (Reports, 22 July 2005, p. 607) concluded that density dependence acts far below the carrying capacity in most animal populations. We argue that the authors confused discrete and continuous models, that their best-fit models cannot explain observed oscillations, and that their estimation procedures appear biased. They also neglected trophic and migratory processes, which we demonstrate could underlie their empirical findings.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Getz, Wayne M -- Lloyd-Smith, James O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1100; author reply 1100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA. getz@nature.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Insects ; Logistic Models ; *Mammals ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Regression Analysis
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    The primary cilium as the cell's antenna: signaling at a sensory organelle (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-05
    Description: Almost every vertebrate cell has a specialized cell surface projection called a primary cilium. Although these structures were first described more than a century ago, the full scope of their functions remains poorly understood. Here, we review emerging evidence that in addition to their well-established roles in sight, smell, and mechanosensation, primary cilia are key participants in intercellular signaling. This new appreciation of primary cilia as cellular antennae that sense a wide variety of signals could help explain why ciliary defects underlie such a wide range of human disorders, including retinal degeneration, polycystic kidney disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and neural tube defects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singla, Veena -- Reiter, Jeremy F -- R21 DK069423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21DK69423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 4;313(5787):629-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, and Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0525, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16888132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bardet-Biedl Syndrome/pathology/physiopathology ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Polarity ; Cilia/*physiology ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Humans ; Mechanoreceptors/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Neural Tube Defects/pathology/physiopathology ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases/pathology/physiopathology ; Retinal Degeneration/pathology/physiopathology ; *Signal Transduction ; Smell/physiology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Vision, Ocular/physiology ; Wnt Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Climate-controlled Holocene occupation in the Sahara: motor of Africa's evolution (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: Radiocarbon data from 150 archaeological excavations in the now hyper-arid Eastern Sahara of Egypt, Sudan, Libya, and Chad reveal close links between climatic variations and prehistoric occupation during the past 12,000 years. Synoptic multiple-indicator views for major time slices demonstrate the transition from initial settlement after the sudden onset of humid conditions at 8500 B.C.E. to the exodus resulting from gradual desiccation since 5300 B.C.E. Southward shifting of the desert margin helped trigger the emergence of pharaonic civilization along the Nile, influenced the spread of pastoralism throughout the continent, and affects sub-Saharan Africa to the present day.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuper, Rudolph -- Kropelin, Stefan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 11;313(5788):803-7. Epub 2006 Jul 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Collaborative Research Center 389 (ACACIA), University of Cologne, Institute of Prehistoric Archaeology, Africa Research Unit, Jennerstrasse 8, 50823 Koln, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857900" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/history ; Animal Husbandry/history ; Archaeology ; Chad ; Civilization/*history ; *Climate ; *Cultural Evolution ; Desert Climate ; Egypt ; Emigration and Immigration ; Environment ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Humidity ; Libya ; Population Dynamics ; Rain ; Sudan
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    A virus reveals population structure and recent demographic history of its carnivore host (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-28
    Description: Directly transmitted parasites often provide substantial information about the temporal and spatial characteristics of host-to-host contact. Here, we demonstrate that a fast-evolving virus (feline immunodeficiency virus, FIV) can reveal details of the contemporary population structure and recent demographic history of its natural wildlife host (Puma concolor) that were not apparent from host genetic data and would be impossible to obtain by other means. We suggest that rapidly evolving pathogens may provide a complementary tool for studying population dynamics of their hosts in "shallow" time.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biek, Roman -- Drummond, Alexei J -- Poss, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 27;311(5760):538-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. rbiek@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439664" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alberta/epidemiology ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; British Columbia/epidemiology ; Ecosystem ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, env ; Genes, pol ; Geography ; Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/*classification/*genetics ; Lentivirus Infections/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Montana/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; *Puma/genetics/virology ; Time Factors ; Wyoming/epidemiology
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    Plant science. Auxin begins to give up its secrets (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1230-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Computer Simulation ; F-Box Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Development ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Plant Proteins/*metabolism ; Plants/genetics/metabolism/microbiology ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Plant/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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    FG-rich repeats of nuclear pore proteins form a three-dimensional meshwork with hydrogel-like properties (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: Nuclear pore complexes permit rapid passage of cargoes bound to nuclear transport receptors, but otherwise suppress nucleocytoplasmic fluxes of inert macromolecules 〉/=30 kilodaltons. To explain this selectivity, a sieve structure of the permeability barrier has been proposed that is created through reversible cross-linking between Phe and Gly (FG)-rich nucleoporin repeats. According to this model, nuclear transport receptors overcome the size limit of the sieve and catalyze their own nuclear pore-passage by a competitive disruption of adjacent inter-repeat contacts, which transiently opens adjoining meshes. Here, we found that phenylalanine-mediated inter-repeat interactions indeed cross-link FG-repeat domains into elastic and reversible hydrogels. Furthermore, we obtained evidence that such hydrogel formation is required for viability in yeast.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frey, Steffen -- Richter, Ralf P -- Gorlich, Dirk -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):815-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zentrum fur Molekulare Biologie der Universitat Heidelberg (ZMBH), INF 282, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Biopolymers ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nuclear Pore/chemistry/*metabolism ; Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins/*metabolism ; Permeability ; Phenylalanine/chemistry ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry/physiology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Research facilities. Spain aims to lure systems biologists to a place in the sun (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bosch, Xavier -- Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1295.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes ; Models, Biological ; Spain ; *Systems Biology
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    Out of the tropics: evolutionary dynamics of the latitudinal diversity gradient (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: The evolutionary dynamics underlying the latitudinal gradient in biodiversity have been controversial for over a century. Using a spatially explicit approach that incorporates not only origination and extinction but immigration, a global analysis of genera and subgenera of marine bivalves over the past 11 million years supports an "out of the tropics" model, in which taxa preferentially originate in the tropics and expand toward the poles without losing their tropical presence. The tropics are thus both a cradle and a museum of biodiversity, contrary to the conceptual dichotomy dominant since 1974; a tropical diversity crisis would thus have profound evolutionary effects at all latitudes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jablonski, David -- Roy, Kaustuv -- Valentine, James W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):102-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. djablons@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Bivalvia/classification ; *Fossils ; Geography ; Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Population Dynamics ; *Tropical Climate
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    Wildlife conservation. On the brink (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):749.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082434" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Breeding ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Europe ; Humans ; *Lynx/physiology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Conservation biology. The lost world of the Kihansi toad (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-03-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1230-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Zoo ; Biodiversity ; *Bufonidae/physiology ; Cell Line ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Developed Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Population Dynamics ; Rivers ; Tanzania ; Water Movements
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    Parallel declines in pollinators and insect-pollinated plants in Britain and the Netherlands (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: Despite widespread concern about declines in pollination services, little is known about the patterns of change in most pollinator assemblages. By studying bee and hoverfly assemblages in Britain and the Netherlands, we found evidence of declines (pre-versus post-1980) in local bee diversity in both countries; however, divergent trends were observed in hoverflies. Depending on the assemblage and location, pollinator declines were most frequent in habitat and flower specialists, in univoltine species, and/or in nonmigrants. In conjunction with this evidence, outcrossing plant species that are reliant on the declining pollinators have themselves declined relative to other plant species. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest a causal connection between local extinctions of functionally linked plant and pollinator species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biesmeijer, J C -- Roberts, S P M -- Reemer, M -- Ohlemuller, R -- Edwards, M -- Peeters, T -- Schaffers, A P -- Potts, S G -- Kleukers, R -- Thomas, C D -- Settele, J -- Kunin, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):351-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology and Earth and Biosphere Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. j.c.biesmeijer@leeds.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Bees ; *Biodiversity ; *Diptera ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Flowers ; Great Britain ; Netherlands ; *Plants ; *Pollen ; Population Dynamics
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    Type 1 interferons and the virus-host relationship: a lesson in detente (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: The interface between an infectious agent and its host represents the ultimate battleground for survival: The microbe must secure a niche for replication, whereas the host must limit the pathogen's advance. Among the host's arsenal of antimicrobial factors, the type 1 interferons (IFNs) induce potent defense mechanisms against viruses and are key in the host-virus standoff. Viruses have evolved multiple tricks to avoid the immediate antiviral effects of IFNs and, in turn, hosts have adapted use of this innate cytokine system to galvanize multiple additional layers of immune defense. The plasticity that exists in these interactions provides us with a lesson in detente.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo -- Biron, Christine A -- P01AI52106/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01AI58113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI46954/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI55677/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01CA41268/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U19AI62623/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U54AI57158/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):879-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cytokines/physiology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Interferon Regulatory Factors/physiology ; Interferon Type I/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; RNA Helicases/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/physiology ; Viral Proteins/metabolism ; *Virus Physiological Phenomena ; Viruses/*immunology
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    Ecology. Coral reefs and the global network of Marine Protected Areas (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mora, Camilo -- Andrefouet, Serge -- Costello, Mark J -- Kranenburg, Christine -- Rollo, Audrey -- Veron, John -- Gaston, Kevin J -- Myers, Ransom A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1750-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, Post Office Box 349, Warkworth, New Zealand. moracamilo@hotmail.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; *Biodiversity ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; Homing Behavior ; Marine Biology ; Population Dynamics
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    Ecology. Pollinator diversity declining in Europe (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):286.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bees ; *Biodiversity ; *Diptera ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Great Britain ; Netherlands ; *Plants ; *Pollen ; Population Dynamics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    The competitive cost of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-01
    Description: Mathematical models predict that the future of the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic will depend on the fitness cost of drug resistance. We show that in laboratory-derived mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rifampin resistance is universally associated with a competitive fitness cost and that this cost is determined by the specific resistance mutation and strain genetic background. In contrast, we demonstrate that prolonged patient treatment can result in multidrug-resistant strains with no fitness defect and that strains with low- or no-cost resistance mutations are also the most frequent among clinical isolates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gagneux, Sebastien -- Long, Clara Davis -- Small, Peter M -- Van, Tran -- Schoolnik, Gary K -- Bohannan, Brendan J M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1944-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. sgagneux@systemsbiology.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16809538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Antibiotics, Antitubercular/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*drug effects/genetics/*growth & development ; Rifampin/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy/*microbiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    PER-TIM interactions in living Drosophila cells: an interval timer for the circadian clock (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-18
    Description: In contrast to current models, fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements using a single-cell imaging assay with fluorescent forms of PER and TIM showed that these proteins bind rapidly and persist in the cytoplasm while gradually accumulating in discrete foci. After approximately 6 hours, complexes abruptly dissociated, as PER and TIM independently moved to the nucleus in a narrow time frame. The per(L) mutation delayed nuclear accumulation in vivo and in our cultured cell system, but without affecting rates of PER/TIM assembly or dissociation. This finding points to a previously unrecognized form of temporal regulation that underlies the periodicity of the circadian clock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer, Pablo -- Saez, Lino -- Young, Michael W -- GM54339/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):226-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genetics, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Time Factors
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    Biogeographic evolution of Madagascar's microendemic biota (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-20
    Description: The endemic species richness on Madagascar, relative to landmass area, is unparalleled in the world. Many organisms on the island have restricted geographical ranges. A comprehensive hypothesis explaining the evolution of this microendemism has yet to be developed. Using an analysis of watersheds in the context of Quaternary climatic shifts, we provide a new mechanistic model to explain the process of explosive speciation on the island. River catchments with sources at relatively low elevations were zones of isolation and hence led to the speciation of locally endemic taxa, whereas those at higher elevations were zones of retreat and dispersion and hence contain proportionately lower levels of microendemism. These results provide a framework for biogeographic and phylogeographic studies, as well as a basis for prioritizing conservation actions of the remaining natural forest habitats on the island.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilme, Lucienne -- Goodman, Steven M -- Ganzhorn, Jorg U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 19;312(5776):1063-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Missouri Botanical Garden, Boite Postale 3391, Antananarivo (101), Madagascar.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16709785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Climate ; Genetic Speciation ; Geography ; Madagascar ; Models, Biological ; Rivers ; Trees ; Vertebrates
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    The Ste5 scaffold allosterically modulates signaling output of the yeast mating pathway (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-21
    Description: Scaffold proteins organize signaling proteins into pathways and are often viewed as passive assembly platforms. We found that the Ste5 scaffold has a more active role in the yeast mating pathway: A fragment of Ste5 allosterically activated autophosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Fus3. The resulting form of Fus3 is partially active-it is phosphorylated on only one of two key residues in the activation loop. Unexpectedly, at a systems level, autoactivated Fus3 appears to have a negative regulatory role, promoting Ste5 phosphorylation and a decrease in pathway transcriptional output. Thus, scaffolds not only direct basic pathway connectivity but can precisely tune quantitative pathway input-output properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhattacharyya, Roby P -- Remenyi, Attila -- Good, Matthew C -- Bashor, Caleb J -- Falick, Arnold M -- Lim, Wendell A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):822-6. Epub 2006 Jan 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California-San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143-2240, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation ; Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Down-Regulation ; Enzyme Activation ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    G protein signaling in yeast: new components, new connections, new compartments (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-12-02
    Description: Signaling by cell surface receptors and heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) is one of the most exhaustively studied processes in the cell but remains a major focus of molecular pharmacology research. The pheromone-response system in yeast (see the Connections Map at Science's Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment) has provided numerous major advances in our understanding of G protein signaling and regulation. However, the basic features of this prototypical pathway have remained largely unchanged since the mid-1990s. New tools available in yeast are beginning to uncover new pathway components and interactions and have revealed signaling in unexpected locations within the cell.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Slessareva, Janna E -- Dohlman, Henrik G -- P01-GM065533/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1412-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138892" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport ; Endosomes/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 ; GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits/metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; RGS Proteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Mating Factor/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Vacuolar Sorting Protein VPS15
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    Predictability and preparedness in influenza control (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: The threat of pandemic human influenza looms as we survey the ongoing avian influenza pandemic and wonder if and when it will jump species. What are the risks and how can we plan? The nub of the problem lies in the inherent variability of the virus, which makes prediction difficult. However, it is not impossible; mathematical models can help determine and quantify critical parameters and thresholds in the relationships of those parameters, even if the relationships are nonlinear and obscure to simple reasoning. Mathematical models can derive estimates for the levels of drug stockpiles needed to buy time, how and when to modify vaccines, whom to target with vaccines and drugs, and when to enforce quarantine measures. Regardless, the models used for pandemic planning must be tested, and for this we must continue to gather data, not just for exceptional scenarios but also for seasonal influenza.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, Derek J -- DP1-OD000490-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):392-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK. dsmith@zoo.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigenic Variation ; Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Disease Outbreaks/*prevention & control ; Evolution, Molecular ; Forecasting ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics/immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity ; Influenza A virus/immunology ; *Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission/virology ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Quarantine
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    Energy deregulation: licensing tumors to grow (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garber, Ken -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1158-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16728625" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Respiration ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; *Energy Metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Glucose/metabolism ; *Glycolysis ; Hexokinase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
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    Comment on "A keystone mutualism drives pattern in a power function" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-23
    Description: Vandermeer and Perfecto (Reports, 17 February 2006, p. 1000) maintain that a mutualist ant disrupts the power law distribution of scale insect abundances. However, reanalysis of the data reveals that ants cause an increase in the range of the power law and modify its exponent. We present a tentative, but more realistic, model that is suitable for quantitative predictions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pueyo, Salvador -- Jovani, Roger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 22;313(5794):1739; author reply 1739.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departament d'Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. spueyo@ub.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16990535" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; *Coffea ; *Ecosystem ; Hemiptera/parasitology/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; *Symbiosis
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    Extinction risk and conservation priorities (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-07-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Rebecca M -- Rodriguez, Jon Paul -- Aniskowicz-Fowler, Theresa -- Bambaradeniya, Channa -- Boles, Ruben -- Eaton, Mark A -- Gardenfors, Ulf -- Keller, Verena -- Molur, Sanjay -- Walker, Sally -- Pollock, Caroline -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):441.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Population Dynamics
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    Thrice out of Africa: ancient and recent expansions of the honey bee, Apis mellifera (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-10-28
    Description: We characterized Apis mellifera in both native and introduced ranges using 1136 single-nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 341 individuals. Our results indicate that A. mellifera originated in Africa and expanded into Eurasia at least twice, resulting in populations in eastern and western Europe that are geographically close but genetically distant. A third expansion in the New World has involved the near-replacement of previously introduced "European" honey bees by descendants of more recently introduced A. m. scutellata ("African" or "killer" bees). Our analyses of spatial transects and temporal series in the New World revealed differential replacement of alleles derived from eastern versus western Europe, with admixture evident in all individuals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitfield, Charles W -- Behura, Susanta K -- Berlocher, Stewart H -- Clark, Andrew G -- Johnston, J Spencer -- Sheppard, Walter S -- Smith, Deborah R -- Suarez, Andrew V -- Weaver, Daniel -- Tsutsui, Neil D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 27;314(5799):642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, IL 61801, USA. charlie@life.uiuc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17068261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Alleles ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; Asia ; Bees/classification/*genetics ; Biological Evolution ; Europe ; Female ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Hybridization, Genetic ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; North America ; Phylogeny ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Dynamics ; Selection, Genetic ; Software ; South America ; Time
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    U.S. ocean policy. Fisheries bill gives bigger role to science--but no money (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1857.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185571" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Animals ; Budgets ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Ecosystem ; Fisheries/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Fishes ; Population Dynamics ; United States ; United States Government Agencies
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    What is natural? The need for a long-term perspective in biodiversity conservation (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-11-25
    Description: Ecosystems change in response to factors such as climate variability, invasions, and wildfires. Most records used to assess such change are based on short-term ecological data or satellite imagery spanning only a few decades. In many instances it is impossible to disentangle natural variability from other, potentially significant trends in these records, partly because of their short time scale. We summarize recent studies that show how paleoecological records can be used to provide a longer temporal perspective to address specific conservation issues relating to biological invasions, wildfires, climate change, and determination of natural variability. The use of such records can reduce much of the uncertainty surrounding the question of what is "natural" and thereby start to provide important guidance for long-term management and conservation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willis, K J -- Birks, H J B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1261-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Long-Term Ecology Laboratory, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK. kathy.willis@ouce.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124315" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Climate ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fires ; Fossils ; Paleontology ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Time ; Trees ; Wetlands
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    Cell signaling. A sophisticated scaffold wields a new trick (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breitkreutz, Ashton -- Tyers, Mike -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):789-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Toronto, Canada M5G 1L7. abreitkr@uhnres.utoronto.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Pheromones/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/metabolism
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    Fishing, trophic cascades, and the process of grazing on coral reefs (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-10
    Description: Since the mass mortality of the urchin Diadema antillarum in 1983, parrotfishes have become the dominant grazer on Caribbean reefs. The grazing capacity of these fishes could be impaired if marine reserves achieve their long-term goal of restoring large consumers, several of which prey on parrotfishes. Here we compare the negative impacts of enhanced predation with the positive impacts of reduced fishing mortality on parrotfishes inside reserves. Because large-bodied parrotfishes escape the risk of predation from a large piscivore (the Nassau grouper), the predation effect reduced grazing by only 4 to 8%. This impact was overwhelmed by the increase in density of large parrotfishes, resulting in a net doubling of grazing. Increased grazing caused a fourfold reduction in the cover of macroalgae, which, because they are the principal competitors of corals, highlights the potential importance of reserves for coral reef resilience.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mumby, Peter J -- Dahlgren, Craig P -- Harborne, Alastair R -- Kappel, Carrie V -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- Brumbaugh, Daniel R -- Holmes, Katherine E -- Mendes, Judith M -- Broad, Kenneth -- Sanchirico, James N -- Buch, Kevin -- Box, Steve -- Stoffle, Richard W -- Gill, Andrew B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 6;311(5757):98-101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16400152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/growth & development ; Bahamas ; Biomass ; Body Size ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; *Perciformes/anatomy & histology ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior
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    Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-04
    Description: Human-dominated marine ecosystems are experiencing accelerating loss of populations and species, with largely unknown consequences. We analyzed local experiments, long-term regional time series, and global fisheries data to test how biodiversity loss affects marine ecosystem services across temporal and spatial scales. Overall, rates of resource collapse increased and recovery potential, stability, and water quality decreased exponentially with declining diversity. Restoration of biodiversity, in contrast, increased productivity fourfold and decreased variability by 21%, on average. We conclude that marine biodiversity loss is increasingly impairing the ocean's capacity to provide food, maintain water quality, and recover from perturbations. Yet available data suggest that at this point, these trends are still reversible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worm, Boris -- Barbier, Edward B -- Beaumont, Nicola -- Duffy, J Emmett -- Folke, Carl -- Halpern, Benjamin S -- Jackson, Jeremy B C -- Lotze, Heike K -- Micheli, Fiorenza -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- Sala, Enric -- Selkoe, Kimberley A -- Stachowicz, John J -- Watson, Reg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):787-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1. bworm@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Databases, Factual ; *Ecosystem ; Eukaryota ; *Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Forecasting ; Invertebrates ; Oceans and Seas ; Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Seafood ; Seawater ; Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Microbiology. Bacteria seize control by acetylating host proteins (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Worby, Carolyn A -- Dixon, Jack E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 26;312(5777):1150-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16731519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; I-kappa B Kinase/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase 6/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; SUMO-1 Protein/metabolism ; Serine/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Threonine/metabolism ; Yersinia/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Yersinia pestis/metabolism/pathogenicity ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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    Evolution of character displacement in Darwin's finches (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-15
    Description: Competitor species can have evolutionary effects on each other that result in ecological character displacement; that is, divergence in resource-exploiting traits such as jaws and beaks. Nevertheless, the process of character displacement occurring in nature, from the initial encounter of competitors to the evolutionary change in one or more of them, has not previously been investigated. Here we report that a Darwin's finch species (Geospiza fortis) on an undisturbed Galapagos island diverged in beak size from a competitor species (G. magnirostris) 22 years after the competitor's arrival, when they jointly and severely depleted the food supply. The observed evolutionary response to natural selection was the strongest recorded in 33 years of study, and close to the value predicted from the high heritability of beak size. These findings support the role of competition in models of community assembly, speciation, and adaptive radiations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grant, Peter R -- Grant, B Rosemary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 14;313(5784):224-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1003, USA. prgrant@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16840700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Biomass ; Body Size ; Competitive Behavior ; Disasters ; Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Finches/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Food ; Male ; Organ Size ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Seeds ; *Selection, Genetic ; Time Factors
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    Wildlife conservation. The saola's last stand (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1380-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Breeding ; Cloning, Organism ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Female ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; *Ruminants/genetics ; Vietnam
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 81
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    Comment on "Computational improvements reveal great bacterial diversity and high metal toxicity in soil" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-08-19
    Description: Gans et al. (Reports, 26 August 2005, p. 1387) provided an estimate of soil bacterial species richness two orders of magnitude greater than previously reported values. Using a re-derived mathematical model, we reanalyzed the data and found that the statistical error exceeds the estimate by a factor of 26. We also note two potential sources of error in the experimental data collection and measurement procedures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bunge, John -- Epstein, Slava S -- Peterson, Daniel G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Aug 18;313(5789):918; author reply 918.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Statistical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. jab18@cornell.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16917045" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/genetics/*growth & development ; *Biodiversity ; DNA, Bacterial/*analysis ; Kinetics ; Mathematics ; Metals, Heavy/analysis/*toxicity ; Models, Biological ; Nucleic Acid Renaturation ; *Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants/analysis/*toxicity ; Statistics as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    A molecular framework for plant regeneration (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-21
    Description: Plants and some animals have a profound capacity to regenerate organs from adult tissues. Molecular mechanisms for regeneration have, however, been largely unexplored. Here we investigate a local regeneration response in Arabidopsis roots. Laser-induced wounding disrupts the flow of auxin-a cell-fate-instructive plant hormone-in root tips, and we demonstrate that resulting cell-fate changes require the PLETHORA, SHORTROOT, and SCARECROW transcription factors. These transcription factors regulate the expression and polar position of PIN auxin efflux-facilitating membrane proteins to reconstitute auxin transport in renewed root tips. Thus, a regeneration mechanism using embryonic root stem-cell patterning factors first responds to and subsequently stabilizes a new hormone distribution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Jian -- Hofhuis, Hugo -- Heidstra, Renze -- Sauer, Michael -- Friml, Jiri -- Scheres, Ben -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 20;311(5759):385-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Plant Growth Regulators/*metabolism ; Plant Roots/cytology/*physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; *Regeneration ; Stem Cells/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Cell biology. Stressed cells cope with protein overload (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ron, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):52-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Skirball Institute, New York University Medical Center, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. ron@saturn.med.nyu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16825557" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cytosol/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Protein Biosynthesis ; *Protein Folding ; Protein Sorting Signals/physiology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Species diversity and ecosystem functioning (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bunker, Daniel E -- Naeem, Shahid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):846-8; author reply 846-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Trees/growth & development ; Tropical Climate
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    Auxiliary subunits assist AMPA-type glutamate receptors (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-03-04
    Description: Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, acts primarily on two types of ionotropic receptors: alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Work over the past decade indicates that regulated changes in the number of synaptic AMPA receptors may serve as a mechanism for information storage. Recent studies demonstrate that a family of small transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) controls both AMPA receptor trafficking and channel gating. TARPs provide the first example of auxiliary subunits of ionotropic receptors. Here we review the pivotal role that TARPs play in the life cycle of AMPA receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicoll, Roger A -- Tomita, Susumu -- Bredt, David S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Mar 3;311(5765):1253-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. nicoll@cmp.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16513974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Ion Channel Gating ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Transport ; Receptors, AMPA/*metabolism ; Synapses/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission
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  • 86
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    Characterizing a mammalian circannual pacemaker (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: Many species express endogenous cycles in physiology and behavior that allow anticipation of the seasons. The anatomical and cellular bases of these circannual rhythms have not been defined. Here, we provide strong evidence using an in vivo Soay sheep model that the circannual regulation of prolactin secretion, and its associated biology, derive from a pituitary-based timing mechanism. Circannual rhythm generation is seen as the product of the interaction between melatonin-regulated timer cells and adjacent prolactin-secreting cells, which together function as an intrapituitary "pacemaker-slave" timer system. These new insights open the way for a molecular analysis of long-term timing mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lincoln, Gerald A -- Clarke, Iain J -- Hut, Roelof A -- Hazlerigg, David G -- G0600678/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1941-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Reproductive Biology, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland. g.lincoln@hrsu.mrc.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cues ; Denervation ; Lactotrophs/physiology ; Male ; Melatonin/blood/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Motor Activity ; Photoperiod ; Pineal Gland/innervation/physiology ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*physiology/secretion ; Prolactin/*secretion ; Seasons ; Sheep/blood/*physiology
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    Wildlife conservation. River dolphins down for the count, and perhaps out (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Jerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 22;314(5807):1860.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17185573" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Dolphins ; Environment ; Extinction, Biological ; Fisheries ; *Fresh Water ; Population Density ; *Porpoises ; *Rivers ; Water Pollution
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    Invasive species. The Galapagos Islands kiss their goat problem goodbye (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, Jerry -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1567.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Cats ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Culicidae/virology ; *Ecosystem ; Ecuador ; *Goats ; Plant Development ; Population Dynamics ; Rats ; West Nile virus
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    GE Prize winner. How molecular motors move (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yildiz, Ahmet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):792-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. yildiz@cmp.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469911" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Awards and Prizes ; Binding Sites ; Calmodulin/metabolism ; Carbocyanines ; *Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Kinesin/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*physiology ; Movement ; Myosin Heavy Chains/*physiology ; Myosin Type V/*physiology ; Nanotechnology ; Rhodamines
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    Action of TFII-I outside the nucleus as an inhibitor of agonist-induced calcium entry (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-10-07
    Description: TFII-I is a transcription factor and a target of phosphorylation by Bruton's tyrosine kinase. In humans, deletions spanning the TFII-I locus are associated with a cognitive defect, the Williams-Beuren cognitive profile. We report an unanticipated role of TFII-I outside the nucleus as a negative regulator of agonist-induced calcium entry (ACE) that suppresses surface accumulation of TRPC3 (transient receptor potential C3) channels. Inhibition of ACE by TFII-I requires phosphotyrosine residues that engage the SH2 (Src-homology 2) domains of phospholipase C-g (PLC-g) and an interrupted, pleckstrin homology (PH)-like domain that binds the split PH domain of PLC-g. Our observations suggest a model in which TFII-I suppresses ACE by competing with TRPC3 for binding to PLC-g.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Caraveo, Gabriela -- van Rossum, Damian B -- Patterson, Randen L -- Snyder, Solomon H -- Desiderio, Stephen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):122-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17023658" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bradykinin/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; PC12 Cells ; Phospholipase C gamma/chemistry/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rats ; TRPC Cation Channels/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors, TFII/chemistry/*metabolism ; Uridine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; src Homology Domains
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    Cell biology. Double knockout blow for caspases (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adrain, Colin -- Martin, Seamus J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 10;311(5762):785-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland. martinsj@tcd.ie〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469906" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 7 ; Caspases/genetics/*metabolism ; Cytochromes c/metabolism/*physiology ; Enzyme Activation ; Feedback, Physiological ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Membranes/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Permeability ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
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  • 92
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    Multiple phosphorylation sites confer reproducibility of the rod's single-photon responses (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-29
    Description: Although signals controlled by single molecules are expected to be inherently variable, rod photoreceptors generate reproducible responses to single absorbed photons. We show that this unexpected reproducibility-the consistency of amplitude and duration of rhodopsin activity-varies in a graded and systematic manner with the number but not the identity of phosphorylation sites on rhodopsin's C terminus. These results indicate that each phosphorylation site provides an independent step in rhodopsin deactivation and that collectively these steps tightly control rhodopsin's active lifetime. Other G protein cascades may exploit a similar mechanism to encode accurately the timing and number of receptor activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doan, Thuy -- Mendez, Ana -- Detwiler, Peter B -- Chen, Jeannie -- Rieke, Fred -- EY-02048/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY-11850/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY-12155/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32EY-07031/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 28;313(5786):530-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16873665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrestin/metabolism ; Electrophysiology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phosphorylation ; *Photons ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/*metabolism ; Rhodopsin/genetics/*metabolism ; Vision, Ocular
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    Signal recognition particle receptor exposes the ribosomal translocon binding site (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-06
    Description: Signal sequences of secretory and membrane proteins are recognized by the signal recognition particle (SRP) as they emerge from the ribosome. This results in their targeting to the membrane by docking with the SRP receptor, which facilitates transfer of the ribosome to the translocon. Here, we present the 8 angstrom cryo-electron microscopy structure of a "docking complex" consisting of a SRP-bound 80S ribosome and the SRP receptor. Interaction of the SRP receptor with both SRP and the ribosome rearranged the S domain of SRP such that a ribosomal binding site for the translocon, the L23e/L35 site, became exposed, whereas Alu domain-mediated elongation arrest persisted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Halic, Mario -- Gartmann, Marco -- Schlenker, Oliver -- Mielke, Thorsten -- Pool, Martin R -- Sinning, Irmgard -- Beckmann, Roland -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 5;312(5774):745-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biochemistry, Charite, University Medical School Berlin, Monbijoustrasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16675701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Dogs ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Peptide/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Recognition Particle/*chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Depletion, degradation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-24
    Description: Estuarine and coastal transformation is as old as civilization yet has dramatically accelerated over the past 150 to 300 years. Reconstructed time lines, causes, and consequences of change in 12 once diverse and productive estuaries and coastal seas worldwide show similar patterns: Human impacts have depleted 〉90% of formerly important species, destroyed 〉65% of seagrass and wetland habitat, degraded water quality, and accelerated species invasions. Twentieth-century conservation efforts achieved partial recovery of upper trophic levels but have so far failed to restore former ecosystem structure and function. Our results provide detailed historical baselines and quantitative targets for ecosystem-based management and marine conservation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lotze, Heike K -- Lenihan, Hunter S -- Bourque, Bruce J -- Bradbury, Roger H -- Cooke, Richard G -- Kay, Matthew C -- Kidwell, Susan M -- Kirby, Michael X -- Peterson, Charles H -- Jackson, Jeremy B C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 23;312(5781):1806-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J1. hlotze@dal.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*history ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Eutrophication ; Geography ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Human Activities/history ; Humans ; *Invertebrates ; Plants ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; *Seawater ; *Vertebrates ; *Water ; Water Pollution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Comment on "On the regulation of populations of mammals, birds, fish, and insects" III (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-25
    Description: Stochasticity in time series explains concave responses of per capita growth rate to population size. The gradients with the natural log of population size have more biological importance because they measure strength of density compensation. Its weakening with increasing body size across taxa (Sibly et al., Reports, 22 July 2005, p. 607) is consistent with slower responses in ascent than descent toward carrying capacity. Time series therefore suggest that populations of large-bodied animals underfill their environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doncaster, C Patrick -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Feb 24;311(5764):1100; author reply 1100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK. cpd@soton.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16497917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; *Fishes ; *Insects ; Logistic Models ; *Mammals ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Regression Analysis ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    C-terminal signal sequence promotes virulence factor secretion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-16
    Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses the ESX-1/Snm system [early secreted antigen 6 kilodaltons (ESAT-6) system 1/secretion in mycobacteria] to deliver virulence factors into host macrophages during infection. Despite its essential role in virulence, the mechanism of ESX-1 secretion is unclear. We found that the unstructured C terminus of the CFP-10 substrate was recognized by Rv3871, a cytosolic component of the ESX-1 system that itself interacts with the membrane protein Rv3870. Point mutations in the signal that abolished binding of CFP-10 to Rv3871 prevented secretion of the CFP-10 (culture filtrate protein, 10 kilodaltons)/ESAT-6 virulence factor complex. Attachment of the signal to yeast ubiquitin was sufficient for secretion from M. tuberculosis cells, demonstrating that this ESX-1 signal is portable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Champion, Patricia A Digiuseppe -- Stanley, Sarah A -- Champion, Matthew M -- Brown, Eric J -- Cox, Jeffery S -- A105155/PHS HHS/ -- AI51667/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI63302/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1632-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Campus Box 2200, San Francisco, CA 94143-2200, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Protein Binding ; *Protein Sorting Signals ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Virulence Factors/chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Notch, a universal arbiter of cell fate decisions (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-12-02
    Description: Members of the Notch family of receptors act as membrane-tethered transcription factors that are tightly associated with binary cell fate decisions. Notch signaling acts as a molecular gate that allows cells to adopt or forfeit a particular fate. Interaction of Notch with ligands triggers a sequence of proteolytic cleavages that release the intracellular domain to the nucleus; this mechanism is a target of therapies for leukemias associated with Notch activation. Although the molecular mechanism of Notch activation is well characterized, further analysis in an appropriate cellular context will provide new insight into Notch signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehebauer, Matthias -- Hayward, Penelope -- Arias, Alfonso Martinez -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Dec 1;314(5804):1414-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Biological ; Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Notch/chemistry/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Ecology. Mutualistic webs of species (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, John N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):372-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. thompson@biology.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecosystem ; Food Chain ; Models, Biological ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Predatory Behavior ; Selection, Genetic ; *Symbiosis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Physiology. Running a clock requires quality time together (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunlap, Jay C -- R01 GM034985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):184-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. jay.c.dunlap@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16410512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Protein Binding ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Effective enforcement in a conservation area (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-25
    Description: Wildlife within protected areas is under increasing threat from bushmeat and illegal trophy trades, and many argue that enforcement within protected areas is not sufficient to protect wildlife. We examined 50 years of records from Serengeti National Park in Tanzania and calculated the history of illegal harvest and enforcement by park authorities. We show that a precipitous decline in enforcement in 1977 resulted in a large increase in poaching and decline of many species. Conversely, expanded budgets and antipoaching patrols since the mid-1980s have greatly reduced poaching and allowed populations of buffalo, elephants, and rhinoceros to rebuild.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hilborn, Ray -- Arcese, Peter -- Borner, Markus -- Hando, Justin -- Hopcraft, Grant -- Loibooki, Martin -- Mduma, Simon -- Sinclair, Anthony R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1266.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. rayh@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; *Buffaloes ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Elephants ; *Law Enforcement ; *Perissodactyla ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Tanzania
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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