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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: The exchange of the oocyte's genome with the genome of a somatic cell, followed by the derivation of pluripotent stem cells, could enable the generation of specific cells affected in degenerative human diseases. Such cells, carrying the patient's genome, might be useful for cell replacement. Here we report that the development of human oocytes after genome exchange arrests at late cleavage stages in association with transcriptional abnormalities. In contrast, if the oocyte genome is not removed and the somatic cell genome is merely added, the resultant triploid cells develop to the blastocyst stage. Stem cell lines derived from these blastocysts differentiate into cell types of all three germ layers, and a pluripotent gene expression program is established on the genome derived from the somatic cell. This result demonstrates the feasibility of reprogramming human cells using oocytes and identifies removal of the oocyte genome as the primary cause of developmental failure after genome exchange.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noggle, Scott -- Fung, Ho-Lim -- Gore, Athurva -- Martinez, Hector -- Satriani, Kathleen Crumm -- Prosser, Robert -- Oum, Kiboong -- Paull, Daniel -- Druckenmiller, Sarah -- Freeby, Matthew -- Greenberg, Ellen -- Zhang, Kun -- Goland, Robin -- Sauer, Mark V -- Leibel, Rudolph L -- Egli, Dieter -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 5;478(7367):70-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10397.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The New York Stem Cell Foundation Laboratory, New York, New York, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Blastocyst/cytology/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cellular Reprogramming ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Germ Layers/cytology/embryology/metabolism ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Oocyte Donation ; Oocytes/*cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Primary Cell Culture ; Transcription, Genetic ; Triploidy ; Young Adult
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉zur Hausen, Harald -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 12;478(7368):S12. doi: 10.1038/478S12a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993819" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Behavior/physiology ; Drug Industry ; Female ; Germany ; Human papillomavirus 16/pathogenicity ; Human papillomavirus 18/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Mentors ; *Nobel Prize ; Oncogenic Viruses/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Smoking Cessation/psychology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*virology
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  • 3
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gaskell, George -- Gottweis, Herbert -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):159-60. doi: 10.1038/471159a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, UK. g.gaskell@lse.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390108" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Specimen Banks/statistics & numerical data/utilization ; Europe ; Genetic Privacy/psychology ; Genomics ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Male ; Public Opinion ; *Public Relations ; Sample Size ; Tissue Donors/*psychology/*statistics & numerical data/supply & distribution ; Trust
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Defects in insulin signalling are among the most common and earliest defects that predispose an individual to the development of type 2 diabetes. MicroRNAs have been identified as a new class of regulatory molecules that influence many biological functions, including metabolism. However, the direct regulation of insulin sensitivity by microRNAs in vivo has not been demonstrated. Here we show that the expression of microRNAs 103 and 107 (miR-103/107) is upregulated in obese mice. Silencing of miR-103/107 leads to improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In contrast, gain of miR-103/107 function in either liver or fat is sufficient to induce impaired glucose homeostasis. We identify caveolin-1, a critical regulator of the insulin receptor, as a direct target gene of miR-103/107. We demonstrate that caveolin-1 is upregulated upon miR-103/107 inactivation in adipocytes and that this is concomitant with stabilization of the insulin receptor, enhanced insulin signalling, decreased adipocyte size and enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. These findings demonstrate the central importance of miR-103/107 to insulin sensitivity and identify a new target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trajkovski, Mirko -- Hausser, Jean -- Soutschek, Jurgen -- Bhat, Bal -- Akin, Akinc -- Zavolan, Mihaela -- Heim, Markus H -- Stoffel, Markus -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 8;474(7353):649-53. doi: 10.1038/nature10112.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654750" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Animals ; Caveolin 1/metabolism ; Cell Size ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Glucose/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Hyperglycemia/physiopathology ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Up-Regulation
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-02-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saper, Clifford B -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 10;470(7333):179-81. doi: 10.1038/470179a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/drug effects/*physiology ; Animals ; Cats ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Genes, fos/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neural Inhibition/drug effects/genetics/physiology ; Neural Pathways/drug effects/physiology ; Neurons/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology ; Time Factors ; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus/anatomy & histology/*cytology/drug ; effects/*physiology ; Violence
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-11-15
    Description: Murine epidermal stem cells undergo alternate cycles of dormancy and activation, fuelling tissue renewal. However, only a subset of stem cells becomes active during each round of morphogenesis, indicating that stem cells coexist in heterogeneous responsive states. Using a circadian-clock reporter-mouse model, here we show that the dormant hair-follicle stem cell niche contains coexisting populations of cells at opposite phases of the clock, which are differentially predisposed to respond to homeostatic cues. The core clock protein Bmal1 modulates the expression of stem cell regulatory genes in an oscillatory manner, to create populations that are either predisposed, or less prone, to activation. Disrupting this clock equilibrium, through deletion of Bmal1 (also known as Arntl) or Per1/2, resulted in a progressive accumulation or depletion of dormant stem cells, respectively. Stem cell arrhythmia also led to premature epidermal ageing, and a reduction in the development of squamous tumours. Our results indicate that the circadian clock fine-tunes the temporal behaviour of epidermal stem cells, and that its perturbation affects homeostasis and the predisposition to tumorigenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janich, Peggy -- Pascual, Gloria -- Merlos-Suarez, Anna -- Batlle, Eduard -- Ripperger, Jurgen -- Albrecht, Urs -- Cheng, Hai-Ying M -- Obrietan, Karl -- Di Croce, Luciano -- Benitah, Salvador Aznar -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 9;480(7376):209-14. doi: 10.1038/nature10649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genomic Regulation and UPF, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22080954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics/pathology ; Cell Adhesion/genetics ; Cell Aging ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Circadian Clocks/genetics/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology ; Cues ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Hair Follicle/*cytology ; Homeostasis/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Skin Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics ; Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-01-14
    Description: In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change highlighted an urgent need to assess the responses of marine ecosystems to climate change. Because they lie in a high-latitude region, the Southern Ocean ecosystems are expected to be strongly affected by global warming. Using top predators of this highly productive ocean (such as penguins) as integrative indicators may help us assess the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems. Yet most available information on penguin population dynamics is based on the controversial use of flipper banding. Although some reports have found the effects of flipper bands to be deleterious, some short-term (one-year) studies have concluded otherwise, resulting in the continuation of extensive banding schemes and the use of data sets thus collected to predict climate impact on natural populations. Here we show that banding of free-ranging king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) impairs both survival and reproduction, ultimately affecting population growth rate. Over the course of a 10-year longitudinal study, banded birds produced 41% [corrected] fewer chicks and had a survival rate 16 percentage points [corrected] lower than non-banded birds, demonstrating a massive long-term impact of banding and thus refuting the assumption that birds will ultimately adapt to being banded. Indeed, banded birds still arrived later for breeding at the study site and had longer foraging trips even after 10 years. One of our major findings is that responses of flipper-banded penguins to climate variability (that is, changes in sea surface temperature and in the Southern Oscillation index) differ from those of non-banded birds. We show that only long-term investigations may allow an evaluation of the impact of flipper bands and that every major life-history trait can be affected, calling into question the banding schemes still going on. In addition, our understanding of the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems based on flipper-band data should be reconsidered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saraux, Claire -- Le Bohec, Celine -- Durant, Joel M -- Viblanc, Vincent A -- Gauthier-Clerc, Michel -- Beaune, David -- Park, Young-Hyang -- Yoccoz, Nigel G -- Stenseth, Nils C -- Le Maho, Yvon -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 13;469(7329):203-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09630.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite de Strasbourg, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France. claire.saraux@c-strasbourg.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21228875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Identification Systems/ethics ; Animal Welfare/ethics/statistics & numerical data ; Animals ; Antarctic Regions ; *Artifacts ; Climate Change/*statistics & numerical data ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction/physiology ; Seawater/chemistry ; Spheniscidae/growth & development/*physiology ; Survival Rate ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-26
    Description: Genetic manipulations of insect populations for pest control have been advocated for some time, but there are few cases where manipulated individuals have been released in the field and no cases where they have successfully invaded target populations. Population transformation using the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia is particularly attractive because this maternally-inherited agent provides a powerful mechanism to invade natural populations through cytoplasmic incompatibility. When Wolbachia are introduced into mosquitoes, they interfere with pathogen transmission and influence key life history traits such as lifespan. Here we describe how the wMel Wolbachia infection, introduced into the dengue vector Aedes aegypti from Drosophila melanogaster, successfully invaded two natural A. aegypti populations in Australia, reaching near-fixation in a few months following releases of wMel-infected A. aegypti adults. Models with plausible parameter values indicate that Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes suffered relatively small fitness costs, leading to an unstable equilibrium frequency 〈30% that must be exceeded for invasion. These findings demonstrate that Wolbachia-based strategies can be deployed as a practical approach to dengue suppression with potential for area-wide implementation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffmann, A A -- Montgomery, B L -- Popovici, J -- Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I -- Johnson, P H -- Muzzi, F -- Greenfield, M -- Durkan, M -- Leong, Y S -- Dong, Y -- Cook, H -- Axford, J -- Callahan, A G -- Kenny, N -- Omodei, C -- McGraw, E A -- Ryan, P A -- Ritchie, S A -- Turelli, M -- O'Neill, S L -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 24;476(7361):454-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10356.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bio21 Institute, Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21866160" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*microbiology/physiology/*virology ; Animals ; Dengue/microbiology/*prevention & control/*transmission/virology ; Dengue Virus/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/microbiology/physiology/virology ; Male ; Pest Control, Biological/*methods ; Queensland ; Time Factors ; Wolbachia/isolation & purification/*physiology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-09-09
    Description: Mutations in the tumour suppressor gene BRCA1 lead to breast and/or ovarian cancer. Here we show that loss of Brca1 in mice results in transcriptional de-repression of the tandemly repeated satellite DNA. Brca1 deficiency is accompanied by a reduction of condensed DNA regions in the genome and loss of ubiquitylation of histone H2A at satellite repeats. BRCA1 binds to satellite DNA regions and ubiquitylates H2A in vivo. Ectopic expression of H2A fused to ubiquitin reverses the effects of BRCA1 loss, indicating that BRCA1 maintains heterochromatin structure via ubiquitylation of histone H2A. Satellite DNA de-repression was also observed in mouse and human BRCA1-deficient breast cancers. Ectopic expression of satellite DNA can phenocopy BRCA1 loss in centrosome amplification, cell-cycle checkpoint defects, DNA damage and genomic instability. We propose that the role of BRCA1 in maintaining global heterochromatin integrity accounts for many of its tumour suppressor functions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3240576/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3240576/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Quan -- Pao, Gerald M -- Huynh, Alexis M -- Suh, Hoonkyo -- Tonnu, Nina -- Nederlof, Petra M -- Gage, Fred H -- Verma, Inder M -- NS50217/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS52842/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS050217/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS050217-05/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS052842/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS052842-04/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 7;477(7363):179-84. doi: 10.1038/nature10371.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21901007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Breast/cytology ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Satellite/genetics ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Gene Silencing ; Genes, BRCA1/*physiology ; Genomic Instability/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Heterochromatin/*genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic/genetics ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Ubiquitinated Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitination
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: The ability of insects to learn and navigate to specific locations in the environment has fascinated naturalists for decades. The impressive navigational abilities of ants, bees, wasps and other insects demonstrate that insects are capable of visual place learning, but little is known about the underlying neural circuits that mediate these behaviours. Drosophila melanogaster (common fruit fly) is a powerful model organism for dissecting the neural circuitry underlying complex behaviours, from sensory perception to learning and memory. Drosophila can identify and remember visual features such as size, colour and contour orientation. However, the extent to which they use vision to recall specific locations remains unclear. Here we describe a visual place learning platform and demonstrate that Drosophila are capable of forming and retaining visual place memories to guide selective navigation. By targeted genetic silencing of small subsets of cells in the Drosophila brain, we show that neurons in the ellipsoid body, but not in the mushroom bodies, are necessary for visual place learning. Together, these studies reveal distinct neuroanatomical substrates for spatial versus non-spatial learning, and establish Drosophila as a powerful model for the study of spatial memories.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169673/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169673/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ofstad, Tyler A -- Zuker, Charles S -- Reiser, Michael B -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 8;474(7350):204-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10131.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology)/physiology ; Cues ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Glass ; Learning/*physiology ; Locomotion/physiology ; Memory/physiology ; Models, Animal ; Models, Neurological ; Mushroom Bodies ; Odors ; Orientation/physiology ; Silicon Dioxide ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2011-01-29
    Description: We report that, in the rat, administering insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II, also known as IGF2) significantly enhances memory retention and prevents forgetting. Inhibitory avoidance learning leads to an increase in hippocampal expression of IGF-II, which requires the transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta and is essential for memory consolidation. Furthermore, injections of recombinant IGF-II into the hippocampus after either training or memory retrieval significantly enhance memory retention and prevent forgetting. To be effective, IGF-II needs to be administered within a sensitive period of memory consolidation. IGF-II-dependent memory enhancement requires IGF-II receptors, new protein synthesis, the function of activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein and glycogen-synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). Moreover, it correlates with a significant activation of synaptic GSK3beta and increased expression of GluR1 (also known as GRIA1) alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxasolepropionic acid receptor subunits. In hippocampal slices, IGF-II promotes IGF-II receptor-dependent, persistent long-term potentiation after weak synaptic stimulation. Thus, IGF-II may represent a novel target for cognitive enhancement therapies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3908455/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3908455/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Dillon Y -- Stern, Sarah A -- Garcia-Osta, Ana -- Saunier-Rebori, Bernadette -- Pollonini, Gabriella -- Bambah-Mukku, Dhananjay -- Blitzer, Robert D -- Alberini, Cristina M -- F31-MH816213/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH065635/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH074736/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM054508/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-MH065635/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-MH074736/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R21-DA29298/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH087004/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32-MH087004/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 27;469(7331):491-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09667.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21270887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*metabolism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Long-Term Potentiation/physiology ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Time Factors
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  • 12
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-12-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3971995/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3971995/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bass, Joseph -- R01 DK090625/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL097817/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 21;480(7378):466-7. doi: 10.1038/480466a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22193099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cryptochromes/*metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*metabolism
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) express the photopigment melanopsin and regulate a wide array of light-dependent physiological processes. Genetic ablation of ipRGCs eliminates circadian photoentrainment and severely disrupts the pupillary light reflex (PLR). Here we show that ipRGCs consist of distinct subpopulations that differentially express the Brn3b transcription factor, and can be functionally distinguished. Brn3b-negative M1 ipRGCs innervate the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, whereas Brn3b-positive ipRGCs innervate all other known brain targets, including the olivary pretectal nucleus. Consistent with these innervation patterns, selective ablation of Brn3b-positive ipRGCs severely disrupts the PLR, but does not impair circadian photoentrainment. Thus, we find that molecularly distinct subpopulations of M1 ipRGCs, which are morphologically and electrophysiologically similar, innervate different brain regions to execute specific light-induced functions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150726/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150726/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, S-K -- Badea, T C -- Hattar, S -- GM076430/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076430/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076430-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076430-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076430-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076430-03S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076430-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076430-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076430-06/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076430-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 17;476(7358):92-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21765429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics/*physiology/*radiation effects ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Olivary Nucleus/metabolism ; Reflex, Pupillary/genetics/*physiology/*radiation effects ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/*physiology/*radiation effects ; Rod Opsins/genetics/metabolism ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/metabolism ; Transcription Factor Brn-3B/deficiency/metabolism
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2011-11-01
    Description: Endocycles are variant cell cycles comprised of DNA synthesis (S)- and gap (G)-phases but lacking mitosis. Such cycles facilitate post-mitotic growth in many invertebrate and plant cells, and are so ubiquitous that they may account for up to half the world's biomass. DNA replication in endocycling Drosophila cells is triggered by cyclin E/cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CYCE/CDK2), but this kinase must be inactivated during each G-phase to allow the assembly of pre-Replication Complexes (preRCs) for the next S-phase. How CYCE/CDK2 is periodically silenced to allow re-replication has not been established. Here, using genetic tests in parallel with computational modelling, we show that the endocycles of Drosophila are driven by a molecular oscillator in which the E2F1 transcription factor promotes CycE expression and S-phase initiation, S-phase then activates the CRL4(CDT2) ubiquitin ligase, and this in turn mediates the destruction of E2F1 (ref. 7). We propose that it is the transient loss of E2F1 during S phases that creates the window of low Cdk activity required for preRC formation. In support of this model overexpressed E2F1 accelerated endocycling, whereas a stabilized variant of E2F1 blocked endocycling by deregulating target genes, including CycE, as well as Cdk1 and mitotic cyclins. Moreover, we find that altering cell growth by changing nutrition or target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling impacts E2F1 translation, thereby making endocycle progression growth-dependent. Many of the regulatory interactions essential to this novel cell cycle oscillator are conserved in animals and plants, indicating that elements of this mechanism act in most growth-dependent cell cycles.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3330263/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3330263/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zielke, Norman -- Kim, Kerry J -- Tran, Vuong -- Shibutani, Shusaku T -- Bravo, Maria-Jose -- Nagarajan, Sabarish -- van Straaten, Monique -- Woods, Brigitte -- von Dassow, George -- Rottig, Carmen -- Lehner, Christian F -- Grewal, Savraj S -- Duronio, Robert J -- Edgar, Bruce A -- 5 P50GM66050/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM51186/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM57859/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MOP-86622/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- R01 GM051186/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM051186-14A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 30;480(7375):123-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10579.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Zentrum fur Molekulare Biologie der Universitat Heidelberg Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22037307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology/*enzymology/growth & development/metabolism ; E2F Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; S Phase/physiology ; Salivary Glands/cytology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2011-04-08
    Description: X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female mammals allows dosage compensation for X-linked gene products between the sexes. The developmental regulation of this process has been extensively investigated in mice, where the X chromosome of paternal origin (Xp) is silenced during early embryogenesis owing to imprinted expression of the regulatory RNA, Xist (X-inactive specific transcript). Paternal XCI is reversed in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and random XCI subsequently occurs in epiblast cells. Here we show that other eutherian mammals have very different strategies for initiating XCI. In rabbits and humans, the Xist homologue is not subject to imprinting and XCI begins later than in mice. Furthermore, Xist is upregulated on both X chromosomes in a high proportion of rabbit and human embryo cells, even in the inner cell mass. In rabbits, this triggers XCI on both X chromosomes in some cells. In humans, chromosome-wide XCI has not initiated even by the blastocyst stage, despite the upregulation of XIST. The choice of which X chromosome will finally become inactive thus occurs downstream of Xist upregulation in both rabbits and humans, unlike in mice. Our study demonstrates the remarkable diversity in XCI regulation and highlights differences between mammals in their requirement for dosage compensation during early embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Okamoto, Ikuhiro -- Patrat, Catherine -- Thepot, Dominique -- Peynot, Nathalie -- Fauque, Patricia -- Daniel, Nathalie -- Diabangouaya, Patricia -- Wolf, Jean-Philippe -- Renard, Jean-Paul -- Duranthon, Veronique -- Heard, Edith -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 21;472(7343):370-4. doi: 10.1038/nature09872. Epub 2011 Apr 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics Group, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, Paris 75248, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21471966" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Blastocyst/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/embryology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*genetics ; Genes, X-Linked/genetics ; Genomic Imprinting/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Male ; Mammals/embryology/*genetics ; Mice ; Parthenogenesis ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Rabbits ; Species Specificity ; Up-Regulation/genetics ; X Chromosome/*genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation/*genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hyun, Insoo -- Tesar, Paul -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 5;478(7367):36-7. doi: 10.1038/478036c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cellular Reprogramming ; Female ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Oocytes/*cytology/*physiology
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2011-11-04
    Description: Advanced age is the main risk factor for most chronic diseases and functional deficits in humans, but the fundamental mechanisms that drive ageing remain largely unknown, impeding the development of interventions that might delay or prevent age-related disorders and maximize healthy lifespan. Cellular senescence, which halts the proliferation of damaged or dysfunctional cells, is an important mechanism to constrain the malignant progression of tumour cells. Senescent cells accumulate in various tissues and organs with ageing and have been hypothesized to disrupt tissue structure and function because of the components they secrete. However, whether senescent cells are causally implicated in age-related dysfunction and whether their removal is beneficial has remained unknown. To address these fundamental questions, we made use of a biomarker for senescence, p16(Ink4a), to design a novel transgene, INK-ATTAC, for inducible elimination of p16(Ink4a)-positive senescent cells upon administration of a drug. Here we show that in the BubR1 progeroid mouse background, INK-ATTAC removes p16(Ink4a)-positive senescent cells upon drug treatment. In tissues--such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and eye--in which p16(Ink4a) contributes to the acquisition of age-related pathologies, life-long removal of p16(Ink4a)-expressing cells delayed onset of these phenotypes. Furthermore, late-life clearance attenuated progression of already established age-related disorders. These data indicate that cellular senescence is causally implicated in generating age-related phenotypes and that removal of senescent cells can prevent or delay tissue dysfunction and extend healthspan.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468323/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468323/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Darren J -- Wijshake, Tobias -- Tchkonia, Tamar -- LeBrasseur, Nathan K -- Childs, Bennett G -- van de Sluis, Bart -- Kirkland, James L -- van Deursen, Jan M -- AG13925/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- CA96985/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK050456/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG013925/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG013925-14/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096985/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA096985-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 2;479(7372):232-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22048312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/cytology/drug effects/pathology ; Aging/drug effects/*physiology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/drug effects ; Cell Aging/drug effects/*physiology ; Cell Count ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/*metabolism ; Eye/cytology/drug effects/pathology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Genotype ; Longevity/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology/drug effects/pathology ; Phenotype ; Progeria/metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Tacrolimus/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Time Factors ; Weaning
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2011-04-05
    Description: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a unique form of neural circuit plasticity that results in the generation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus throughout life. Neurons that arise in adults (adult-born neurons) show heightened synaptic plasticity during their maturation and can account for up to ten per cent of the entire granule cell population. Moreover, levels of adult hippocampal neurogenesis are increased by interventions that are associated with beneficial effects on cognition and mood, such as learning, environmental enrichment, exercise and chronic treatment with antidepressants. Together, these properties of adult neurogenesis indicate that this process could be harnessed to improve hippocampal functions. However, despite a substantial number of studies demonstrating that adult-born neurons are necessary for mediating specific cognitive functions, as well as some of the behavioural effects of antidepressants, it is unknown whether an increase in adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sufficient to improve cognition and mood. Here we show that inducible genetic expansion of the population of adult-born neurons through enhancing their survival improves performance in a specific cognitive task in which two similar contexts need to be distinguished. Mice with increased adult hippocampal neurogenesis show normal object recognition, spatial learning, contextual fear conditioning and extinction learning but are more efficient in differentiating between overlapping contextual representations, which is indicative of enhanced pattern separation. Furthermore, stimulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, when combined with an intervention such as voluntary exercise, produces a robust increase in exploratory behaviour. However, increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis alone does not produce a behavioural response like that induced by anxiolytic agents or antidepressants. Together, our findings suggest that strategies that are designed to increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis specifically, by targeting the cell death of adult-born neurons or by other mechanisms, may have therapeutic potential for reversing impairments in pattern separation and dentate gyrus dysfunction such as those seen during normal ageing.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084370/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084370/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sahay, Amar -- Scobie, Kimberly N -- Hill, Alexis S -- O'Carroll, Colin M -- Kheirbek, Mazen A -- Burghardt, Nesha S -- Fenton, Andre A -- Dranovsky, Alex -- Hen, Rene -- 1K99MH86615-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K08 MH079088/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K08 MH079088-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K08 MH079088-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K08 MH079088-03/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K08 MH079088-03S1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K08 MH079088-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K08 MH079088-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K99 MH086615/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- K99 MH086615-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH068542/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH091844/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH091844-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH091844-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH091844-03/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32 HD007430/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 28;472(7344):466-70. doi: 10.1038/nature09817. Epub 2011 Apr 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. as2619@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21460835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Affect/*physiology ; Aging/drug effects/pathology/*physiology ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Anxiety/physiopathology/therapy ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cognition/drug effects/*physiology ; Conditioning, Classical/drug effects/physiology ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/pathology/physiology/physiopathology ; Exploratory Behavior/drug effects/physiology ; Extinction, Psychological/drug effects/physiology ; Fear/physiology/psychology ; Female ; Hippocampus/*cytology/pathology/*physiology/physiopathology ; Learning/drug effects/physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Models, Neurological ; Neural Stem Cells/cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Neurogenesis/drug effects/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects/physiology ; Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology ; Synapses/drug effects/metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2011-10-11
    Description: The mammary epithelium is composed of several cell lineages including luminal, alveolar and myoepithelial cells. Transplantation studies have suggested that the mammary epithelium is maintained by the presence of multipotent mammary stem cells. To define the cellular hierarchy of the mammary gland during physiological conditions, we performed genetic lineage-tracing experiments and clonal analysis of the mouse mammary gland during development, adulthood and pregnancy. We found that in postnatal unperturbed mammary gland, both luminal and myoepithelial lineages contain long-lived unipotent stem cells that display extensive renewing capacities, as demonstrated by their ability to clonally expand during morphogenesis and adult life as well as undergo massive expansion during several cycles of pregnancy. The demonstration that the mammary gland contains different types of long-lived stem cells has profound implications for our understanding of mammary gland physiology and will be instrumental in unravelling the cells at the origin of breast cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Keymeulen, Alexandra -- Rocha, Ana Sofia -- Ousset, Marielle -- Beck, Benjamin -- Bouvencourt, Gaelle -- Rock, Jason -- Sharma, Neha -- Dekoninck, Sophie -- Blanpain, Cedric -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 9;479(7372):189-93. doi: 10.1038/nature10573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Universite Libre de Bruxelles, IRIBHM, Brussels B-1070, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21983963" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Transplantation ; Epithelium ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Lactation/physiology ; Mammary Glands, Animal/*cytology/*growth & development/physiology/transplantation ; Mice ; Multipotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Pregnancy ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism
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  • 20
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    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-03-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jonietz, Erika -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):S20-1. doi: 10.1038/471S20a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430717" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Azasteroids/pharmacology ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis/blood ; Clinical Trials as Topic/adverse effects/*methods ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Approval/legislation & jurisprudence ; Dutasteride ; Health ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/blood/diagnosis/*prevention & control ; Prostatic Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garber, Janet C -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 10;476(7359):152. doi: 10.1038/476152a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21833072" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Welfare/*standards ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory/physiology/psychology ; Female ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Male ; United States
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2011-05-27
    Description: Swine influenza A viruses (SwIV) cause significant economic losses in animal husbandry as well as instances of human disease and occasionally give rise to human pandemics, including that caused by the H1N1/2009 virus. The lack of systematic and longitudinal influenza surveillance in pigs has hampered attempts to reconstruct the origins of this pandemic. Most existing swine data were derived from opportunistic samples collected from diseased pigs in disparate geographical regions, not from prospective studies in defined locations, hence the evolutionary and transmission dynamics of SwIV are poorly understood. Here we quantify the epidemiological, genetic and antigenic dynamics of SwIV in Hong Kong using a data set of more than 650 SwIV isolates and more than 800 swine sera from 12 years of systematic surveillance in this region, supplemented with data stretching back 34 years. Intercontinental virus movement has led to reassortment and lineage replacement, creating an antigenically and genetically diverse virus population whose dynamics are quantitatively different from those previously observed for human influenza viruses. Our findings indicate that increased antigenic drift is associated with reassortment events and offer insights into the emergence of influenza viruses with epidemic potential in swine and humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vijaykrishna, Dhanasekaran -- Smith, Gavin J D -- Pybus, Oliver G -- Zhu, Huachen -- Bhatt, Samir -- Poon, Leo L M -- Riley, Steven -- Bahl, Justin -- Ma, Siu K -- Cheung, Chung L -- Perera, Ranawaka A P M -- Chen, Honglin -- Shortridge, Kennedy F -- Webby, Richard J -- Webster, Robert G -- Guan, Yi -- Peiris, J S Malik -- HHSN26600700005C/PHS HHS/ -- MC_G0902096/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):519-22. doi: 10.1038/nature10004.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases & Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21614079" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds/virology ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*physiology ; Influenza in Birds/transmission/virology ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary/virology ; Phylogeny ; Population Surveillance ; Reassortant Viruses/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification/physiology ; Swine/blood/*virology ; Swine Diseases/blood/epidemiology/*transmission/*virology ; Zoonoses/epidemiology/transmission/*virology
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: In the central nervous system, ageing results in a precipitous decline in adult neural stem/progenitor cells and neurogenesis, with concomitant impairments in cognitive functions. Interestingly, such impairments can be ameliorated through systemic perturbations such as exercise. Here, using heterochronic parabiosis we show that blood-borne factors present in the systemic milieu can inhibit or promote adult neurogenesis in an age-dependent fashion in mice. Accordingly, exposing a young mouse to an old systemic environment or to plasma from old mice decreased synaptic plasticity, and impaired contextual fear conditioning and spatial learning and memory. We identify chemokines--including CCL11 (also known as eotaxin)--the plasma levels of which correlate with reduced neurogenesis in heterochronic parabionts and aged mice, and the levels of which are increased in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of healthy ageing humans. Lastly, increasing peripheral CCL11 chemokine levels in vivo in young mice decreased adult neurogenesis and impaired learning and memory. Together our data indicate that the decline in neurogenesis and cognitive impairments observed during ageing can be in part attributed to changes in blood-borne factors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170097/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3170097/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Villeda, Saul A -- Luo, Jian -- Mosher, Kira I -- Zou, Bende -- Britschgi, Markus -- Bieri, Gregor -- Stan, Trisha M -- Fainberg, Nina -- Ding, Zhaoqing -- Eggel, Alexander -- Lucin, Kurt M -- Czirr, Eva -- Park, Jeong-Soo -- Couillard-Despres, Sebastien -- Aigner, Ludwig -- Li, Ge -- Peskind, Elaine R -- Kaye, Jeffrey A -- Quinn, Joseph F -- Galasko, Douglas R -- Xie, Xinmin S -- Rando, Thomas A -- Wyss-Coray, Tony -- 1 F31 AG034045-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- 1 F31 NS066676-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000392/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000392-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000392-02/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000392-03/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000392-04/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1 OD000392-05/OD/NIH HHS/ -- F31 AG034045/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F31 AG034045-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F31 AG034045-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- F31 AG034045-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30AG08017/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG005136/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027505/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027505-01A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027505-02/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027505-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027505-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG027505-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR056849/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH078194/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01AG027505/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007290/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 31;477(7362):90-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10357.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21886162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Chemokine CCL11/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/metabolism/pharmacology ; Chemokines/*blood/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism ; Female ; Learning/drug effects/*physiology ; Learning Disorders/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/physiopathology ; Male ; Memory Disorders/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurogenesis/drug effects/*physiology ; Parabiosis ; Plasma/chemistry ; Time Factors
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  • 24
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-03-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corbyn, Zoe -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 3;471(7336):25-6. doi: 10.1038/471025a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21368800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Indians, North American/*education/*statistics & numerical data ; Mercury/analysis ; Research/*manpower/statistics & numerical data ; Students/statistics & numerical data ; Trout ; Universities/manpower/organization & administration/statistics & numerical data
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  • 25
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    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-03-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pearson, Helen -- MC_U123092720/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 3;471(7336):20-4. doi: 10.1038/471020a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21368799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging/genetics/physiology ; Archives ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Cohort Studies ; Environment ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenomics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; *Health Surveys/economics/history/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/etiology/genetics ; Phenotype ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schuh-Huerta, Sonya M -- Pera, Renee A Reijo -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 7;472(7341):46-7. doi: 10.1038/472046a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21475191" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; Fertility/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Osteoblasts/secretion ; Osteocalcin/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism/secretion ; Osteogenesis/physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Testis/physiology/secretion ; Testosterone/*biosynthesis/blood
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2011-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bellamy, Lawrence -- Pomiankowski, Andrew -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 9;479(7372):184-6. doi: 10.1038/479184a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22071760" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Genetic Fitness/physiology ; Male ; Mating Preference, Animal/physiology ; Pair Bond ; Reproduction/*physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Songbirds/*physiology
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2011-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cotter, Paul D -- Ross, R Paul -- Hill, Colin -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 7;477(7363):162. doi: 10.1038/477162c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21900999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects ; Bacteria/*drug effects/*isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Metagenome/*drug effects/*physiology ; Microbial Viability/*drug effects ; Pregnancy
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  • 29
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-11-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peeper, Daniel S -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 9;479(7372):186-7. doi: 10.1038/479186a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22071762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Aging/*physiology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/*metabolism ; Female ; Male
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: Metabolomics studies hold promise for the discovery of pathways linked to disease processes. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Here we used a metabolomics approach to generate unbiased small-molecule metabolic profiles in plasma that predict risk for CVD. Three metabolites of the dietary lipid phosphatidylcholine--choline, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and betaine--were identified and then shown to predict risk for CVD in an independent large clinical cohort. Dietary supplementation of mice with choline, TMAO or betaine promoted upregulation of multiple macrophage scavenger receptors linked to atherosclerosis, and supplementation with choline or TMAO promoted atherosclerosis. Studies using germ-free mice confirmed a critical role for dietary choline and gut flora in TMAO production, augmented macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation. Suppression of intestinal microflora in atherosclerosis-prone mice inhibited dietary-choline-enhanced atherosclerosis. Genetic variations controlling expression of flavin monooxygenases, an enzymatic source of TMAO, segregated with atherosclerosis in hyperlipidaemic mice. Discovery of a relationship between gut-flora-dependent metabolism of dietary phosphatidylcholine and CVD pathogenesis provides opportunities for the development of new diagnostic tests and therapeutic approaches for atherosclerotic heart disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3086762/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3086762/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Zeneng -- Klipfell, Elizabeth -- Bennett, Brian J -- Koeth, Robert -- Levison, Bruce S -- Dugar, Brandon -- Feldstein, Ariel E -- Britt, Earl B -- Fu, Xiaoming -- Chung, Yoon-Mi -- Wu, Yuping -- Schauer, Phil -- Smith, Jonathan D -- Allayee, Hooman -- Tang, W H Wilson -- DiDonato, Joseph A -- Lusis, Aldons J -- Hazen, Stanley L -- K99 HL102223/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL102223-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL028481/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL028481-26A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL030568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL030568-27/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL076491/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL076491-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL087018/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL087018-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL098055/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL098055-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL28481/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL30568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01HL087018-020001/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P20 AA017837/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK080732/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK080732-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL098193/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL103866/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL103866-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL103931/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL103931-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007789/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007789-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32-DK07789/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024989/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024989-05/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 7;472(7341):57-63. doi: 10.1038/nature09922.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21475195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atherosclerosis/chemically induced/genetics/metabolism/microbiology ; Betaine/blood/metabolism ; Biomarkers/blood/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/diagnosis/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Choline/administration & dosage/blood/metabolism/pharmacology ; Diet/adverse effects ; Dietary Fats/blood/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Germ-Free Life ; Humans ; Liver/enzymology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Metabolomics ; Methylamines/blood/metabolism/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oxygenases/genetics/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Phosphatidylcholines/administration & dosage/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Receptors, Scavenger/metabolism ; Risk Assessment
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Katsnelson, Alla -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 10;476(7359):142-4. doi: 10.1038/476142a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21833065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/transplantation ; Adult ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/*ethics/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Parkinson Disease/*drug therapy/*surgery ; Placebo Effect ; *Placebos/adverse effects
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2011-11-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shelton, James -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 2;479(7371):7. doi: 10.1038/479007a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bureau for Global Health, US Agency for International Development, Washington DC, USA. jshelton@usaid.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22051636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bias (Epidemiology) ; Condoms/utilization ; Contraceptive Agents, Female/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal/adverse effects ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/*etiology/transmission ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Newspapers as Topic/standards ; Periodicals as Topic/*standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Personnel/*standards ; Risk Assessment ; Uncertainty ; Virus Shedding
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  • 33
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-07-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maxmen, Amy -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 8;474(7350):S9-10. doi: 10.1038/474S9a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21666735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; *Genetic Testing ; Hepatitis C/*drug therapy/*genetics ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Interleukins/*genetics ; *Pharmacogenetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; *Precision Medicine ; Ribavirin/pharmacology/therapeutic use
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2011-08-05
    Description: The vertebrate thymus provides an inductive environment for T-cell development. Within the mouse thymus, Notch signals are indispensable for imposing the T-cell fate on multipotential haematopoietic progenitors, but the downstream effectors that impart T-lineage specification and commitment are not well understood. Here we show that a transcription factor, T-cell factor 1 (TCF-1; also known as transcription factor 7, T-cell specific, TCF7), is a critical regulator in T-cell specification. TCF-1 is highly expressed in the earliest thymic progenitors, and its expression is upregulated by Notch signals. Most importantly, when TCF-1 is forcibly expressed in bone marrow (BM) progenitors, it drives the development of T-lineage cells in the absence of T-inductive Notch1 signals. Further characterization of these TCF-1-induced cells revealed expression of many T-lineage genes, including T-cell-specific transcription factors Gata3 and Bcl11b, and components of the T-cell receptor. Our data suggest a model where Notch signals induce TCF-1, and TCF-1 in turn imprints the T-cell fate by upregulating expression of T-cell essential genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3156435/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3156435/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weber, Brittany Nicole -- Chi, Anthony Wei-Shine -- Chavez, Alejandro -- Yashiro-Ohtani, Yumi -- Yang, Qi -- Shestova, Olga -- Bhandoola, Avinash -- AI059621/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI059621/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI059621-09/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- RC1 HL099758/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RC1 HL099758-01/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI055428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009140/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32AI055428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32CA09140/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 3;476(7358):63-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10279.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21814277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Lineage ; Female ; Genes, Essential ; HEK293 Cells ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha ; Humans ; Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptor, Notch1/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T Cell Transcription Factor 1/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2011-03-11
    Description: In the cerebral cortex, local circuits consist of tens of thousands of neurons, each of which makes thousands of synaptic connections. Perhaps the biggest impediment to understanding these networks is that we have no wiring diagrams of their interconnections. Even if we had a partial or complete wiring diagram, however, understanding the network would also require information about each neuron's function. Here we show that the relationship between structure and function can be studied in the cortex with a combination of in vivo physiology and network anatomy. We used two-photon calcium imaging to characterize a functional property--the preferred stimulus orientation--of a group of neurons in the mouse primary visual cortex. Large-scale electron microscopy of serial thin sections was then used to trace a portion of these neurons' local network. Consistent with a prediction from recent physiological experiments, inhibitory interneurons received convergent anatomical input from nearby excitatory neurons with a broad range of preferred orientations, although weak biases could not be rejected.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3095821/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3095821/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bock, Davi D -- Lee, Wei-Chung Allen -- Kerlin, Aaron M -- Andermann, Mark L -- Hood, Greg -- Wetzel, Arthur W -- Yurgenson, Sergey -- Soucy, Edward R -- Kim, Hyon Suk -- Reid, R Clay -- EY10115/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY18532/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY18742/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- F32 EY018532/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- F32 EY018532-01A1/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR06009/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):177-82. doi: 10.1038/nature09802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium Signaling ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Microtomy ; Nerve Net/*anatomy & histology/*cytology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology/ultrastructure ; Synapses/physiology ; Visual Cortex/*anatomy & histology/*cytology/physiology/ultrastructure
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2011-09-03
    Description: The efficacy and safety of biological molecules in cancer therapy, such as peptides and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), could be markedly increased if high concentrations could be achieved and amplified selectively in tumour tissues versus normal tissues after intravenous administration. This has not been achievable so far in humans. We hypothesized that a poxvirus, which evolved for blood-borne systemic spread in mammals, could be engineered for cancer-selective replication and used as a vehicle for the intravenous delivery and expression of transgenes in tumours. JX-594 is an oncolytic poxvirus engineered for replication, transgene expression and amplification in cancer cells harbouring activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Ras pathway, followed by cell lysis and anticancer immunity. Here we show in a clinical trial that JX-594 selectively infects, replicates and expresses transgene products in cancer tissue after intravenous infusion, in a dose-related fashion. Normal tissues were not affected clinically. This platform technology opens up the possibility of multifunctional products that selectively express high concentrations of several complementary therapeutic and imaging molecules in metastatic solid tumours in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Breitbach, Caroline J -- Burke, James -- Jonker, Derek -- Stephenson, Joe -- Haas, Andrew R -- Chow, Laura Q M -- Nieva, Jorge -- Hwang, Tae-Ho -- Moon, Anne -- Patt, Richard -- Pelusio, Adina -- Le Boeuf, Fabrice -- Burns, Joe -- Evgin, Laura -- De Silva, Naomi -- Cvancic, Sara -- Robertson, Terri -- Je, Ji-Eun -- Lee, Yeon-Sook -- Parato, Kelley -- Diallo, Jean-Simon -- Fenster, Aaron -- Daneshmand, Manijeh -- Bell, John C -- Kirn, David H -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 31;477(7362):99-102. doi: 10.1038/nature10358.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jennerex Inc., 450 Sansome Street, 16th floor, San Francisco, California 94111, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21886163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; DNA, Viral/blood ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/*therapy/virology ; *Oncolytic Virotherapy ; Oncolytic Viruses/*physiology ; Organisms, Genetically Modified/physiology ; Poxviridae/*physiology ; Transgenes/genetics ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics/metabolism
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: Olfactory systems encode odours by which neurons respond and by when they respond. In mammals, every sniff evokes a precise, odour-specific sequence of activity across olfactory neurons. Likewise, in a variety of neural systems, ranging from sensory periphery to cognitive centres, neuronal activity is timed relative to sampling behaviour and/or internally generated oscillations. As in these neural systems, relative timing of activity may represent information in the olfactory system. However, there is no evidence that mammalian olfactory systems read such cues. To test whether mice perceive the timing of olfactory activation relative to the sniff cycle ('sniff phase'), we used optogenetics in gene-targeted mice to generate spatially constant, temporally controllable olfactory input. Here we show that mice can behaviourally report the sniff phase of optogenetically driven activation of olfactory sensory neurons. Furthermore, mice can discriminate between light-evoked inputs that are shifted in the sniff cycle by as little as 10 milliseconds, which is similar to the temporal precision of olfactory bulb odour responses. Electrophysiological recordings in the olfactory bulb of awake mice show that individual cells encode the timing of photoactivation in relation to the sniff in both the timing and the amplitude of their responses. Our work provides evidence that the mammalian olfactory system can read temporal patterns, and suggests that timing of activity relative to sampling behaviour is a potent cue that may enable accurate olfactory percepts to form quickly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smear, Matthew -- Shusterman, Roman -- O'Connor, Rodney -- Bozza, Thomas -- Rinberg, Dmitry -- R01DC009640/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R21DC010911/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 12;479(7373):397-400. doi: 10.1038/nature10521.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993623" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cues ; Electrophysiology ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Neurological ; Odors/analysis ; Olfactory Bulb/physiology/radiation effects ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology/radiation effects ; Photic Stimulation ; Physical Stimulation ; Smell/*physiology/radiation effects ; Time Factors
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  • 38
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-01-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Poste, George -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 13;469(7329):156-7. doi: 10.1038/469156a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Complex Adaptive Systems Initiative, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, Arizona 85257, USA. george.poste@asu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21228852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Specimen Banks/supply & distribution ; Biomarkers/*analysis ; Biomedical Research/economics/standards/trends ; Cell Line ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genetics, Medical/economics/*methods/standards/*trends ; Health Care Costs/trends ; Humans ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pharmacogenetics/economics/standards/trends ; Precision Medicine/economics/standards/*trends ; Proteomics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sample Size ; Specimen Handling/methods/standards
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  • 39
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-12-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Potts, Richard -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 30;480(7375):43-4. doi: 10.1038/480043a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22129720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Energy Metabolism/*physiology ; Female ; Humans
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  • 40
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-06-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shetty, Priya -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 22;474(7352):427-8. doi: 10.1038/474427a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21697918" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*ethics ; Ethics, Research ; Female ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; India ; International Cooperation ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control ; *Papillomavirus Vaccines/adverse effects ; Registries
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  • 41
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    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gravitz, Lauren -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 11;478(7368):163-4. doi: 10.1038/478163a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Allergy and Immunology/*history/trends ; Cancer Vaccines/history/*immunology/therapeutic use ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Nobel Prize ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology/therapy ; *Precision Medicine/history/trends
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolber, Adam -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 17;476(7360):275-6. doi: 10.1038/476275a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brooklyn Law School, New York 11201, USA. adam.kolber@brooklaw.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21850084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bioethical Issues/legislation & jurisprudence ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects/*physiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*drug therapy/*psychology/therapy ; Stress, Psychological/drug therapy/physiopathology/psychology
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daley, George Q -- Solbakk, Jan Helge -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 5;478(7367):40-1. doi: 10.1038/478040a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979039" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cellular Reprogramming ; Female ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Oocytes/*cytology/*physiology
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  • 44
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-03-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gravitz, Lauren -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):S5-7. doi: 10.1038/471S5a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspirin/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Celecoxib ; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ; Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/pathology ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Genistein/pharmacology ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy/prevention & control ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapy/prevention & control ; Neoplasms/blood supply/drug therapy/*pathology/*prevention & control ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy/prevention & control ; Polyamines/metabolism ; Precancerous Conditions/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology/prevention & control ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology ; Pyrazoles/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Risk Assessment ; Sulfonamides/adverse effects/pharmacology
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Depledge, Michael -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 5;478(7367):36. doi: 10.1038/478036a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979033" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Drug Industry ; Female ; Fishes/*abnormalities ; Industrial Waste/*adverse effects ; Male ; *Waste Disposal, Fluid
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2011-03-11
    Description: Epithelial integrity in metazoan organs is maintained through the regulated proliferation and differentiation of organ-specific stem and progenitor cells. Although the epithelia of organs such as the intestine regenerate constantly and thus remain continuously proliferative, other organs, such as the mammalian urinary bladder, shift from near-quiescence to a highly proliferative state in response to epithelial injury. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this injury-induced mode of regenerative response are poorly defined. Here we show in mice that the proliferative response to bacterial infection or chemical injury within the bladder is regulated by signal feedback between basal cells of the urothelium and the stromal cells that underlie them. We demonstrate that these basal cells include stem cells capable of regenerating all cell types within the urothelium, and are marked by expression of the secreted protein signal Sonic hedgehog (Shh). On injury, Shh expression in these basal cells increases and elicits increased stromal expression of Wnt protein signals, which in turn stimulate the proliferation of both urothelial and stromal cells. The heightened activity of this signal feedback circuit and the associated increase in cell proliferation appear to be required for restoration of urothelial function and, in the case of bacterial injury, may help clear and prevent further spread of infection. Our findings provide a conceptual framework for injury-induced epithelial regeneration in endodermal organs, and may provide a basis for understanding the roles of signalling pathways in cancer growth and metastasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676169/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3676169/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shin, Kunyoo -- Lee, John -- Guo, Nini -- Kim, James -- Lim, Agnes -- Qu, Lishu -- Mysorekar, Indira U -- Beachy, Philip A -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 7;472(7341):110-4. doi: 10.1038/nature09851. Epub 2011 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. kunyoos@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21389986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Epithelial Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Hedgehog Proteins/*metabolism ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Organoids/cytology ; Regeneration/*physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism ; Stromal Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Urinary Bladder/*cytology/drug effects/injuries/metabolism ; Urinary Bladder Diseases/chemically induced/metabolism/microbiology/pathology ; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli/physiology ; Urothelium/cytology ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prud'homme, Benjamin -- Gompel, Nicolas -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 12;478(7368):190-1. doi: 10.1038/478190a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Courtship ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Female ; *Food ; Male ; Odors/*analysis ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/*metabolism ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2011-10-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hale, Peter -- Wain-Hobson, Simon -- Weiss, Robin A -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 12;478(7368):188. doi: 10.1038/478188b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/*economics/*statistics & numerical data ; Bioterrorism/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Security Measures/*economics/*statistics & numerical data
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKay, Ron -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 21;472(7343):298-9. doi: 10.1038/472298a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512563" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology/*embryology/*metabolism ; Female ; Fetus/cytology/embryology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange/*physiology ; Mice ; Placenta/cytology/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Serotonin/*biosynthesis/metabolism
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2011-10-04
    Description: A basic difficulty for the nervous system is integrating locally ambiguous sensory information to form accurate perceptions about the outside world. This local-to-global problem is also fundamental to motor control of the arm, because complex mechanical interactions between shoulder and elbow allow a particular amount of motion at one joint to arise from an infinite combination of shoulder and elbow torques. Here we show, in humans and rhesus monkeys, that a transcortical pathway through primary motor cortex (M1) resolves this ambiguity during fast feedback control. We demonstrate that single M1 neurons of behaving monkeys can integrate shoulder and elbow motion information into motor commands that appropriately counter the underlying torque within about 50 milliseconds of a mechanical perturbation. Moreover, we reveal a causal link between M1 processing and multi-joint integration in humans by showing that shoulder muscle responses occurring approximately 50 milliseconds after pure elbow displacement can be potentiated by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Taken together, our results show that transcortical processing through M1 permits feedback responses to express a level of sophistication that rivals voluntary control; this provides neurophysiological support for influential theories positing that voluntary movement is generated by the intelligent manipulation of sensory feedback.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pruszynski, J Andrew -- Kurtzer, Isaac -- Nashed, Joseph Y -- Omrani, Mohsen -- Brouwer, Brenda -- Scott, Stephen H -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 28;478(7369):387-90. doi: 10.1038/nature10436.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology ; Elbow/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology ; Feedback, Sensory/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Motor Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Shoulder/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2011-04-23
    Description: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) is thought to regulate neurodevelopmental processes through maternal-fetal interactions that have long-term mental health implications. It is thought that beyond fetal 5-HT neurons there are significant maternal contributions to fetal 5-HT during pregnancy but this has not been tested empirically. To examine putative central and peripheral sources of embryonic brain 5-HT, we used Pet1(-/-) (also called Fev) mice in which most dorsal raphe neurons lack 5-HT. We detected previously unknown differences in accumulation of 5-HT between the forebrain and hindbrain during early and late fetal stages, through an exogenous source of 5-HT which is not of maternal origin. Using additional genetic strategies, a new technology for studying placental biology ex vivo and direct manipulation of placental neosynthesis, we investigated the nature of this exogenous source. We uncovered a placental 5-HT synthetic pathway from a maternal tryptophan precursor in both mice and humans. This study reveals a new, direct role for placental metabolic pathways in modulating fetal brain development and indicates that maternal-placental-fetal interactions could underlie the pronounced impact of 5-HT on long-lasting mental health outcomes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084180/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084180/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bonnin, Alexandre -- Goeden, Nick -- Chen, Kevin -- Wilson, Melissa L -- King, Jennifer -- Shih, Jean C -- Blakely, Randy D -- Deneris, Evan S -- Levitt, Pat -- 1P50MH078280A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5R21HD065287/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH078028/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH078028-01A1/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH078028-02/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH078028-03/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH078028-04/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH078028-05/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH39085/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R21 HD065287/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R21 HD065287-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R21 HD065287-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 21;472(7343):347-50. doi: 10.1038/nature09972.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA. bonnin@usc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21512572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Female ; Fetus/embryology/*metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange/*physiology ; Mice ; Placenta/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Prosencephalon/*embryology/*metabolism ; Raphe Nuclei/cytology ; Rhombencephalon/embryology/metabolism ; Serotonin/analysis/*biosynthesis/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factors/deficiency/genetics
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2011-11-08
    Description: Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a promising source of cells for applications in regenerative medicine. Directed differentiation of PSCs into specialized cells such as spinal motoneurons or midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons has been achieved. However, the effective use of PSCs for cell therapy has lagged behind. Whereas mouse PSC-derived DA neurons have shown efficacy in models of Parkinson's disease, DA neurons from human PSCs generally show poor in vivo performance. There are also considerable safety concerns for PSCs related to their potential for teratoma formation or neural overgrowth. Here we present a novel floor-plate-based strategy for the derivation of human DA neurons that efficiently engraft in vivo, suggesting that past failures were due to incomplete specification rather than a specific vulnerability of the cells. Midbrain floor-plate precursors are derived from PSCs 11 days after exposure to small molecule activators of sonic hedgehog (SHH) and canonical WNT signalling. Engraftable midbrain DA neurons are obtained by day 25 and can be maintained in vitro for several months. Extensive molecular profiling, biochemical and electrophysiological data define developmental progression and confirm identity of PSC-derived midbrain DA neurons. In vivo survival and function is demonstrated in Parkinson's disease models using three host species. Long-term engraftment in 6-hydroxy-dopamine-lesioned mice and rats demonstrates robust survival of midbrain DA neurons derived from human embryonic stem (ES) cells, complete restoration of amphetamine-induced rotation behaviour and improvements in tests of forelimb use and akinesia. Finally, scalability is demonstrated by transplantation into parkinsonian monkeys. Excellent DA neuron survival, function and lack of neural overgrowth in the three animal models indicate promise for the development of cell-based therapies in Parkinson's disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3245796/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3245796/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kriks, Sonja -- Shim, Jae-Won -- Piao, Jinghua -- Ganat, Yosif M -- Wakeman, Dustin R -- Xie, Zhong -- Carrillo-Reid, Luis -- Auyeung, Gordon -- Antonacci, Chris -- Buch, Amanda -- Yang, Lichuan -- Beal, M Flint -- Surmeier, D James -- Kordower, Jeffrey H -- Tabar, Viviane -- Studer, Lorenz -- NS052671/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 NS047085/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 NS071669/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 NS071669-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 6;480(7378):547-51. doi: 10.1038/nature10648.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22056989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Brain Tissue Transplantation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*cytology/*transplantation ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Mesencephalon/cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Parkinson Disease/*therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2011-08-05
    Description: Glucocorticoids are released in response to stressful experiences and serve many beneficial homeostatic functions. However, dysregulation of glucocorticoids is associated with cognitive impairments and depressive illness. In the hippocampus, a brain region densely populated with receptors for stress hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly inhibit adult neurogenesis. Decreased neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, but direct evidence for this role is lacking. Here we show that adult-born hippocampal neurons are required for normal expression of the endocrine and behavioural components of the stress response. Using either transgenic or radiation methods to inhibit adult neurogenesis specifically, we find that glucocorticoid levels are slower to recover after moderate stress and are less suppressed by dexamethasone in neurogenesis-deficient mice than intact mice, consistent with a role for the hippocampus in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Relative to controls, neurogenesis-deficient mice also showed increased food avoidance in a novel environment after acute stress, increased behavioural despair in the forced swim test, and decreased sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. These findings identify a small subset of neurons within the dentate gyrus that are critical for hippocampal negative control of the HPA axis and support a direct role for adult neurogenesis in depressive illness.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3162077/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3162077/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snyder, Jason S -- Soumier, Amelie -- Brewer, Michelle -- Pickel, James -- Cameron, Heather A -- ZIA MH002784-09/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 3;476(7361):458-61. doi: 10.1038/nature10287.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21814201" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology ; Corticosterone/analysis/metabolism/secretion ; Dentate Gyrus/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; Depression/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Glucocorticoids/metabolism/pharmacology/secretion ; Hippocampus/*cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurogenesis/drug effects/*physiology/radiation effects ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/drug effects/physiology ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/analysis/metabolism ; Restraint, Physical/physiology/psychology ; Stress, Physiological/drug effects/*physiology ; Swimming
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2011-03-11
    Description: Humans differ from other animals in many aspects of anatomy, physiology, and behaviour; however, the genotypic basis of most human-specific traits remains unknown. Recent whole-genome comparisons have made it possible to identify genes with elevated rates of amino acid change or divergent expression in humans, and non-coding sequences with accelerated base pair changes. Regulatory alterations may be particularly likely to produce phenotypic effects while preserving viability, and are known to underlie interesting evolutionary differences in other species. Here we identify molecular events particularly likely to produce significant regulatory changes in humans: complete deletion of sequences otherwise highly conserved between chimpanzees and other mammals. We confirm 510 such deletions in humans, which fall almost exclusively in non-coding regions and are enriched near genes involved in steroid hormone signalling and neural function. One deletion removes a sensory vibrissae and penile spine enhancer from the human androgen receptor (AR) gene, a molecular change correlated with anatomical loss of androgen-dependent sensory vibrissae and penile spines in the human lineage. Another deletion removes a forebrain subventricular zone enhancer near the tumour suppressor gene growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma (GADD45G), a loss correlated with expansion of specific brain regions in humans. Deletions of tissue-specific enhancers may thus accompany both loss and gain traits in the human lineage, and provide specific examples of the kinds of regulatory alterations and inactivation events long proposed to have an important role in human evolutionary divergence.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3071156/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3071156/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLean, Cory Y -- Reno, Philip L -- Pollen, Alex A -- Bassan, Abraham I -- Capellini, Terence D -- Guenther, Catherine -- Indjeian, Vahan B -- Lim, Xinhong -- Menke, Douglas B -- Schaar, Bruce T -- Wenger, Aaron M -- Bejerano, Gill -- Kingsley, David M -- 1 F32 HD062137-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG002568/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P50 HG002568-10/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD059862/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD059862-03/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG005058/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG005058-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):216-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09774.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Intergenic/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; *Human Characteristics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Organ Specificity ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Penis/anatomy & histology/metabolism ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics ; Sequence Deletion/*genetics ; Species Specificity ; Transgenes/genetics
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  • 55
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-06-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weissing, Franz J -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 15;474(7351):288-9. doi: 10.1038/474288a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677739" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Game Theory ; Group Processes ; Humans ; *Leadership ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; Selection, Genetic ; Smegmamorpha/physiology ; *Social Behavior ; Social Dominance
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2011-05-13
    Description: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-causing lentiviruses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) effectively evade host immunity and, once established, infections with these viruses are only rarely controlled by immunological mechanisms. However, the initial establishment of infection in the first few days after mucosal exposure, before viral dissemination and massive replication, may be more vulnerable to immune control. Here we report that SIV vaccines that include rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) vectors establish indefinitely persistent, high-frequency, SIV-specific effector memory T-cell (T(EM)) responses at potential sites of SIV replication in rhesus macaques and stringently control highly pathogenic SIV(MAC239) infection early after mucosal challenge. Thirteen of twenty-four rhesus macaques receiving either RhCMV vectors alone or RhCMV vectors followed by adenovirus 5 (Ad5) vectors (versus 0 of 9 DNA/Ad5-vaccinated rhesus macaques) manifested early complete control of SIV (undetectable plasma virus), and in twelve of these thirteen animals we observed long-term (〉/=1 year) protection. This was characterized by: occasional blips of plasma viraemia that ultimately waned; predominantly undetectable cell-associated viral load in blood and lymph node mononuclear cells; no depletion of effector-site CD4(+) memory T cells; no induction or boosting of SIV Env-specific antibodies; and induction and then loss of T-cell responses to an SIV protein (Vif) not included in the RhCMV vectors. Protection correlated with the magnitude of the peak SIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in the vaccine phase, and occurred without anamnestic T-cell responses. Remarkably, long-term RhCMV vector-associated SIV control was insensitive to either CD8(+) or CD4(+) lymphocyte depletion and, at necropsy, cell-associated SIV was only occasionally measurable at the limit of detection with ultrasensitive assays, observations that indicate the possibility of eventual viral clearance. Thus, persistent vectors such as CMV and their associated T(EM) responses might significantly contribute to an efficacious HIV/AIDS vaccine.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3102768/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3102768/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hansen, Scott G -- Ford, Julia C -- Lewis, Matthew S -- Ventura, Abigail B -- Hughes, Colette M -- Coyne-Johnson, Lia -- Whizin, Nathan -- Oswald, Kelli -- Shoemaker, Rebecca -- Swanson, Tonya -- Legasse, Alfred W -- Chiuchiolo, Maria J -- Parks, Christopher L -- Axthelm, Michael K -- Nelson, Jay A -- Jarvis, Michael A -- Piatak, Michael Jr -- Lifson, Jeffrey D -- Picker, Louis J -- HHSN261200800001E/PHS HHS/ -- HHSN272200900037C/PHS HHS/ -- P51 RR00163/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060392/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI060392-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R24 RR016001/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI060392/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R56 AI060392-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U24 OD010850/OD/NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):523-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10003. Epub 2011 May 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21562493" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cytomegalovirus/genetics ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Genetic Vectors/genetics ; Immunity, Mucosal/immunology ; Immunologic Memory/*immunology ; Macaca mulatta/blood/immunology/virology ; Male ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; SAIDS Vaccines/genetics/*immunology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*immunology/*prevention & ; control/virology ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/growth & development/*immunology/isolation & ; purification/*pathogenicity ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Time Factors ; Vaccines, DNA/genetics/immunology ; Viral Load ; Virus Replication
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  • 57
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-09-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davidson, Sean -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 7;477(7363):162. doi: 10.1038/477162d.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21900997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects ; Bacteria/*drug effects/*isolation & purification ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Humans ; Metagenome/*drug effects/*physiology ; Microbial Viability/*drug effects ; Phosphatidylcholines/*metabolism ; Pregnancy
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2011-05-17
    Description: Mammalian genomes are populated with thousands of transcriptional enhancers that orchestrate cell-type-specific gene expression programs, but how those enhancers are exploited to institute alternative, signal-dependent transcriptional responses remains poorly understood. Here we present evidence that cell-lineage-specific factors, such as FoxA1, can simultaneously facilitate and restrict key regulated transcription factors, exemplified by the androgen receptor (AR), to act on structurally and functionally distinct classes of enhancer. Consequently, FoxA1 downregulation, an unfavourable prognostic sign in certain advanced prostate tumours, triggers dramatic reprogramming of the hormonal response by causing a massive switch in AR binding to a distinct cohort of pre-established enhancers. These enhancers are functional, as evidenced by the production of enhancer-templated non-coding RNA (eRNA) based on global nuclear run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) analysis, with a unique class apparently requiring no nucleosome remodelling to induce specific enhancer-promoter looping and gene activation. GRO-seq data also suggest that liganded AR induces both transcription initiation and elongation. Together, these findings reveal a large repository of active enhancers that can be dynamically tuned to elicit alternative gene expression programs, which may underlie many sequential gene expression events in development, cell differentiation and disease progression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3117022/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3117022/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Dong -- Garcia-Bassets, Ivan -- Benner, Chris -- Li, Wenbo -- Su, Xue -- Zhou, Yiming -- Qiu, Jinsong -- Liu, Wen -- Kaikkonen, Minna U -- Ohgi, Kenneth A -- Glass, Christopher K -- Rosenfeld, Michael G -- Fu, Xiang-Dong -- DK01847/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK074868/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK37949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM049369/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HG004659/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- NS34934/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK074868/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK074868-05/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG038072/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA097134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA097134-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK018477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK018477-35/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK039949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK039949-30/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK091183/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049369/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM049369-17/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004659/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004659-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL065445/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL065445-12/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034934/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034934-23/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK039949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK039949-28/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 15;474(7351):390-4. doi: 10.1038/nature10006.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0651, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21572438" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Lineage ; Dihydrotestosterone/pharmacology ; Down-Regulation ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genome, Human/genetics ; HEK293 Cells ; Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Kallikreins ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics ; Receptors, Androgen/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic/*genetics
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2011-04-22
    Description: Genetic methods of manipulating or eradicating disease vector populations have long been discussed as an attractive alternative to existing control measures because of their potential advantages in terms of effectiveness and species specificity. The development of genetically engineered malaria-resistant mosquitoes has shown, as a proof of principle, the possibility of targeting the mosquito's ability to serve as a disease vector. The translation of these achievements into control measures requires an effective technology to spread a genetic modification from laboratory mosquitoes to field populations. We have suggested previously that homing endonuclease genes (HEGs), a class of simple selfish genetic elements, could be exploited for this purpose. Here we demonstrate that a synthetic genetic element, consisting of mosquito regulatory regions and the homing endonuclease gene I-SceI, can substantially increase its transmission to the progeny in transgenic mosquitoes of the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. We show that the I-SceI element is able to invade receptive mosquito cage populations rapidly, validating mathematical models for the transmission dynamics of HEGs. Molecular analyses confirm that expression of I-SceI in the male germline induces high rates of site-specific chromosomal cleavage and gene conversion, which results in the gain of the I-SceI gene, and underlies the observed genetic drive. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism by which genetic control measures can be implemented. Our results also show in principle how sequence-specific genetic drive elements like HEGs could be used to take the step from the genetic engineering of individuals to the genetic engineering of populations.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093433/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093433/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Windbichler, Nikolai -- Menichelli, Miriam -- Papathanos, Philippos Aris -- Thyme, Summer B -- Li, Hui -- Ulge, Umut Y -- Hovde, Blake T -- Baker, David -- Monnat, Raymond J Jr -- Burt, Austin -- Crisanti, Andrea -- CA133831/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RL1 CA133831/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RL1 CA133831-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RL1 CA133831-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RL1 CA133831-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RL1 CA133831-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RL1 CA133831-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RL1 GM084433/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RL1 GM084433-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RL1 GM084433-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RL1 GM084433-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RL1 GM084433-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RL1 GM084433-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA080416/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 12;473(7346):212-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09937. Epub 2011 Apr 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21508956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Anopheles gambiae/*genetics ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; *Genetic Engineering ; Genotype ; Insect Vectors/*genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mosquito Control/*methods ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics
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  • 60
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-07-02
    Description: A catalogue of molecular aberrations that cause ovarian cancer is critical for developing and deploying therapies that will improve patients' lives. The Cancer Genome Atlas project has analysed messenger RNA expression, microRNA expression, promoter methylation and DNA copy number in 489 high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinomas and the DNA sequences of exons from coding genes in 316 of these tumours. Here we report that high-grade serous ovarian cancer is characterized by TP53 mutations in almost all tumours (96%); low prevalence but statistically recurrent somatic mutations in nine further genes including NF1, BRCA1, BRCA2, RB1 and CDK12; 113 significant focal DNA copy number aberrations; and promoter methylation events involving 168 genes. Analyses delineated four ovarian cancer transcriptional subtypes, three microRNA subtypes, four promoter methylation subtypes and a transcriptional signature associated with survival duration, and shed new light on the impact that tumours with BRCA1/2 (BRCA1 or BRCA2) and CCNE1 aberrations have on survival. Pathway analyses suggested that homologous recombination is defective in about half of the tumours analysed, and that NOTCH and FOXM1 signalling are involved in serous ovarian cancer pathophysiology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163504/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3163504/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network -- R01 CA140323/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG005690/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA135877/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA135877-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA135877-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126551/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126561/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126543/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126544/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126546/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126551/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126554/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126561/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA126563/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA143731/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA143835/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA143840/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA143843/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA143845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA143848/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA143858/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA143866/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA143867/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA143882/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U24CA144025/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 29;474(7353):609-15. doi: 10.1038/nature10166.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21720365" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Carcinoma/*genetics/physiopathology ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Genomics ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Mutation/genetics ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics/physiopathology ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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  • 61
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayden, Erika Check -- England -- Nature. 2011 Oct 4;478(7367):17. doi: 10.1038/478017a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21979022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Genetic Counseling/*ethics ; Genetic Testing/*ethics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/*ethics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Truth Disclosure/ethics
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is known to broadly regulate the cellular stress response. In contrast, it is unclear if the PACAP-PAC1 receptor pathway has a role in human psychological stress responses, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here we find, in heavily traumatized subjects, a sex-specific association of PACAP blood levels with fear physiology, PTSD diagnosis and symptoms in females. We examined 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the PACAP (encoded by ADCYAP1) and PAC1 (encoded by ADCYAP1R1) genes, demonstrating a sex-specific association with PTSD. A single SNP in a putative oestrogen response element within ADCYAP1R1, rs2267735, predicts PTSD diagnosis and symptoms in females only. This SNP also associates with fear discrimination and with ADCYAP1R1 messenger RNA expression in human brain. Methylation of ADCYAP1R1 in peripheral blood is also associated with PTSD. Complementing these human data, ADCYAP1R1 mRNA is induced with fear conditioning or oestrogen replacement in rodent models. These data suggest that perturbations in the PACAP-PAC1 pathway are involved in abnormal stress responses underlying PTSD. These sex-specific effects may occur via oestrogen regulation of ADCYAP1R1. PACAP levels and ADCYAP1R1 SNPs may serve as useful biomarkers to further our mechanistic understanding of PTSD.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3046811/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3046811/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ressler, Kerry J -- Mercer, Kristina B -- Bradley, Bekh -- Jovanovic, Tanja -- Mahan, Amy -- Kerley, Kimberly -- Norrholm, Seth D -- Kilaru, Varun -- Smith, Alicia K -- Myers, Amanda J -- Ramirez, Manuel -- Engel, Anzhelika -- Hammack, Sayamwong E -- Toufexis, Donna -- Braas, Karen M -- Binder, Elisabeth B -- May, Victor -- AG034504/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DA019624/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- HD27468/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- M01RR00039/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MH071537/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P20RR16435/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG034504/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD027468/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD027468-13/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000454/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 24;470(7335):492-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09856.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA. kressle@emory.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/metabolism ; Animals ; Conditioning, Classical/physiology ; CpG Islands/genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Estrogens/metabolism/pharmacology ; Fear/physiology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/*blood/chemistry ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/biosynthesis/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/*genetics ; Response Elements/genetics ; Septal Nuclei/drug effects/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*blood/*genetics/physiopathology/psychology
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  • 63
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-12-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dolgin, Elie -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 14;480(7377):S46-7. doi: 10.1038/480S46a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22169802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Consensus ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy/*surgery ; Patient Participation ; Recurrence ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; Survival Analysis ; Time Factors ; Transplantation, Autologous
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  • 64
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    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayden, Erika Check -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 16;476(7360):260-1. doi: 10.1038/476260a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21850077" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemoprevention/*adverse effects/*psychology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/supply & ; distribution/therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination ; Female ; HIV Infections/economics/*prevention & control/*psychology ; Health ; Humans ; Male ; Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology/supply & distribution/therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Unsafe Sex/*drug effects/*psychology/statistics & numerical data
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2011-10-04
    Description: Many animals attract mating partners through the release of volatile sex pheromones, which can convey information on the species, gender and receptivity of the sender to induce innate courtship and mating behaviours by the receiver. Male Drosophila melanogaster fruitflies display stereotyped reproductive behaviours towards females, and these behaviours are controlled by the neural circuitry expressing male-specific isoforms of the transcription factor Fruitless (FRU(M)). However, the volatile pheromone ligands, receptors and olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that promote male courtship have not been identified in this important model organism. Here we describe a novel courtship function of Ionotropic receptor 84a (IR84a), which is a member of the chemosensory ionotropic glutamate receptor family, in a previously uncharacterized population of FRU(M)-positive OSNs. IR84a-expressing neurons are activated not by fly-derived chemicals but by the aromatic odours phenylacetic acid and phenylacetaldehyde, which are widely found in fruit and other plant tissues that serve as food sources and oviposition sites for drosophilid flies. Mutation of Ir84a abolishes both odour-evoked and spontaneous electrophysiological activity in these neurons and markedly reduces male courtship behaviour. Conversely, male courtship is increased--in an IR84a-dependent manner--in the presence of phenylacetic acid but not in the presence of another fruit odour that does not activate IR84a. Interneurons downstream of IR84a-expressing OSNs innervate a pheromone-processing centre in the brain. Whereas IR84a orthologues and phenylacetic-acid-responsive neurons are present in diverse drosophilid species, IR84a is absent from insects that rely on long-range sex pheromones. Our results suggest a model in which IR84a couples food presence to the activation of the fru(M) courtship circuitry in fruitflies. These findings reveal an unusual but effective evolutionary solution to coordinate feeding and oviposition site selection with reproductive behaviours through a specific sensory pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grosjean, Yael -- Rytz, Raphael -- Farine, Jean-Pierre -- Abuin, Liliane -- Cortot, Jerome -- Jefferis, Gregory S X E -- Benton, Richard -- MC_U105188491/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 28;478(7368):236-40. doi: 10.1038/nature10428.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964331" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetaldehyde/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Courtship ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; *Food ; Fruit/chemistry ; Genotype ; Male ; Odors/*analysis ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/drug effects/*metabolism ; Oviposition/physiology ; Phenylacetates/metabolism/pharmacology ; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate/genetics/metabolism ; Sex Attractants/metabolism/pharmacology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2011-03-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sporn, Michael B -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):S10-1. doi: 10.1038/471S10a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA. michael.b.sporn@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/economics/pharmacology/therapeutic ; use ; Clinical Trials as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; Cooperative Behavior ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/drug therapy/epidemiology/pathology/*prevention & control ; Precision Medicine/trends ; Risk ; Time Factors ; Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2011-05-10
    Description: The vast majority of Mesozoic and early Cenozoic metatherian mammals (extinct relatives of modern marsupials) are known only from partial jaws or isolated teeth, which give insight into their probable diets and phylogenetic relationships but little else. The few skulls known are generally crushed, incomplete or both, and associated postcranial material is extremely rare. Here we report the discovery of an exceptionally large number of almost undistorted, nearly complete skulls and skeletons of a stem-metatherian, Pucadelphys andinus, in the early Palaeocene epoch of Tiupampa in Bolivia. These give an unprecedented glimpse into early metatherian morphology, evolutionary relationships and, especially, ecology. The remains of 35 individuals have been collected, with 22 of these represented by nearly complete skulls and associated postcrania. These individuals were probably buried in a single catastrophic event, and so almost certainly belong to the same population. The preservation of multiple adult, sub-adult and juvenile individuals in close proximity (〈1 m(2)) is indicative of gregarious social behaviour or at least a high degree of social tolerance and frequent interaction. Such behaviour is unknown in living didelphids, which are highly solitary and have been regarded, perhaps wrongly, as the most generalized living marsupials. The Tiupampan P. andinus population also exhibits strong sexual dimorphism, which, in combination with gregariousness, suggests strong male-male competition and polygyny. Our study shows that social interactions occurred in metatherians as early as the basal Palaeocene and that solitary behaviour may not be plesiomorphic for Metatheria as a whole.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ladeveze, Sandrine -- de Muizon, Christian -- Beck, Robin M D -- Germain, Damien -- Cespedes-Paz, Ricardo -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 2;474(7349):83-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09987. Epub 2011 May 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Paleontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 29 rue Vautier, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. sandrine.ladeveze@naturalsciences.be〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21552278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bolivia ; Female ; *Fossils ; Male ; Marsupialia/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Sex Characteristics ; *Social Behavior
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  • 68
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-03-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):136. doi: 10.1038/471136a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21390085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bias (Epidemiology) ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Global Warming ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Insurance, Accident/economics/*statistics & numerical data ; Insurance, Life/economics/*statistics & numerical data ; Male ; *Policy Making ; *Risk Assessment/methods/standards ; *Sex Characteristics
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2011-08-13
    Description: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a large, cold-adapted teleost that sustains long-standing commercial fisheries and incipient aquaculture. Here we present the genome sequence of Atlantic cod, showing evidence for complex thermal adaptations in its haemoglobin gene cluster and an unusual immune architecture compared to other sequenced vertebrates. The genome assembly was obtained exclusively by 454 sequencing of shotgun and paired-end libraries, and automated annotation identified 22,154 genes. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II is a conserved feature of the adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates, but we show that Atlantic cod has lost the genes for MHC II, CD4 and invariant chain (Ii) that are essential for the function of this pathway. Nevertheless, Atlantic cod is not exceptionally susceptible to disease under natural conditions. We find a highly expanded number of MHC I genes and a unique composition of its Toll-like receptor (TLR) families. This indicates how the Atlantic cod immune system has evolved compensatory mechanisms in both adaptive and innate immunity in the absence of MHC II. These observations affect fundamental assumptions about the evolution of the adaptive immune system and its components in vertebrates.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537168/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537168/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Star, Bastiaan -- Nederbragt, Alexander J -- Jentoft, Sissel -- Grimholt, Unni -- Malmstrom, Martin -- Gregers, Tone F -- Rounge, Trine B -- Paulsen, Jonas -- Solbakken, Monica H -- Sharma, Animesh -- Wetten, Ola F -- Lanzen, Anders -- Winer, Roger -- Knight, James -- Vogel, Jan-Hinnerk -- Aken, Bronwen -- Andersen, Oivind -- Lagesen, Karin -- Tooming-Klunderud, Ave -- Edvardsen, Rolf B -- Tina, Kirubakaran G -- Espelund, Mari -- Nepal, Chirag -- Previti, Christopher -- Karlsen, Bard Ove -- Moum, Truls -- Skage, Morten -- Berg, Paul R -- Gjoen, Tor -- Kuhl, Heiner -- Thorsen, Jim -- Malde, Ketil -- Reinhardt, Richard -- Du, Lei -- Johansen, Steinar D -- Searle, Steve -- Lien, Sigbjorn -- Nilsen, Frank -- Jonassen, Inge -- Omholt, Stig W -- Stenseth, Nils Chr -- Jakobsen, Kjetill S -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 10;477(7363):207-10. doi: 10.1038/nature10342.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21832995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gadus morhua/*genetics/*immunology ; Genome/*genetics ; Genomics ; Hemoglobins/genetics ; Immune System/*immunology ; Immunity/*genetics/immunology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics/immunology ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; Synteny/genetics ; Toll-Like Receptors/genetics
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: The human mind and body respond to stress, a state of perceived threat to homeostasis, by activating the sympathetic nervous system and secreting the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline in the 'fight-or-flight' response. The stress response is generally transient because its accompanying effects (for example, immunosuppression, growth inhibition and enhanced catabolism) can be harmful in the long term. When chronic, the stress response can be associated with disease symptoms such as peptic ulcers or cardiovascular disorders, and epidemiological studies strongly indicate that chronic stress leads to DNA damage. This stress-induced DNA damage may promote ageing, tumorigenesis, neuropsychiatric conditions and miscarriages. However, the mechanisms by which these DNA-damage events occur in response to stress are unknown. The stress hormone adrenaline stimulates beta(2)-adrenoreceptors that are expressed throughout the body, including in germline cells and zygotic embryos. Activated beta(2)-adrenoreceptors promote Gs-protein-dependent activation of protein kinase A (PKA), followed by the recruitment of beta-arrestins, which desensitize G-protein signalling and function as signal transducers in their own right. Here we elucidate a molecular mechanism by which beta-adrenergic catecholamines, acting through both Gs-PKA and beta-arrestin-mediated signalling pathways, trigger DNA damage and suppress p53 levels respectively, thus synergistically leading to the accumulation of DNA damage. In mice and in human cell lines, beta-arrestin-1 (ARRB1), activated via beta(2)-adrenoreceptors, facilitates AKT-mediated activation of MDM2 and also promotes MDM2 binding to, and degradation of, p53, by acting as a molecular scaffold. Catecholamine-induced DNA damage is abrogated in Arrb1-knockout (Arrb1(-/-)) mice, which show preserved p53 levels in both the thymus, an organ that responds prominently to acute or chronic stress, and in the testes, in which paternal stress may affect the offspring's genome. Our results highlight the emerging role of ARRB1 as an E3-ligase adaptor in the nucleus, and reveal how DNA damage may accumulate in response to chronic stress.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3628753/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3628753/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hara, Makoto R -- Kovacs, Jeffrey J -- Whalen, Erin J -- Rajagopal, Sudarshan -- Strachan, Ryan T -- Grant, Wayne -- Towers, Aaron J -- Williams, Barbara -- Lam, Christopher M -- Xiao, Kunhong -- Shenoy, Sudha K -- Gregory, Simon G -- Ahn, Seungkirl -- Duckett, Derek R -- Lefkowitz, Robert J -- HL16037/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL70631/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL016037/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL070631/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 21;477(7364):349-53. doi: 10.1038/nature10368.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21857681" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arrestins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Catecholamines/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/enzymology/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Stress, Physiological/*physiology ; Testis/metabolism ; Thymus Gland/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: Stem and progenitor cells use asymmetric cell divisions to balance proliferation and differentiation. Evidence from invertebrates shows that this process is regulated by proteins asymmetrically distributed at the cell cortex during mitosis: Par3-Par6-aPKC, which confer polarity, and Galpha(i)-LGN/AGS3-NuMA-dynein/dynactin, which govern spindle positioning. Here we focus on developing mouse skin, where progenitor cells execute a switch from symmetric to predominantly asymmetric divisions concomitant with stratification. Using in vivo skin-specific lentiviral RNA interference, we investigate spindle orientation regulation and provide direct evidence that LGN (also called Gpsm2), NuMA and dynactin (Dctn1) are involved. In compromising asymmetric cell divisions, we uncover profound defects in stratification, differentiation and barrier formation, and implicate Notch signalling as an important effector. Our study demonstrates the efficacy of applying RNA interference in vivo to mammalian systems, and the ease of uncovering complex genetic interactions, here to gain insights into how changes in spindle orientation are coupled to establishing proper tissue architecture during skin development.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3077085/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3077085/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, Scott E -- Beronja, Slobodan -- Pasolli, H Amalia -- Fuchs, Elaine -- R01 AR050452/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR050452-07/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AR27883/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 AR027883/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 AR027883-30/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 AR027883-30S1/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 AR027883-31/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 AR027883-32/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 AR027883-33/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 17;470(7334):353-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09793.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331036" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Epidermis/*cytology ; Female ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Keratinocytes/cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Notch/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Skin/cytology/embryology ; Spindle Apparatus/metabolism
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2011-02-11
    Description: Genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 9p21 gene desert associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes. Despite evidence for a role of the associated interval in neighbouring gene regulation, the biological underpinnings of these genetic associations with CAD or type 2 diabetes have not yet been explained. Here we identify 33 enhancers in 9p21; the interval is the second densest gene desert for predicted enhancers and six times denser than the whole genome (P 〈 6.55 x 10(-33)). The CAD risk alleles of SNPs rs10811656 and rs10757278 are located in one of these enhancers and disrupt a binding site for STAT1. Lymphoblastoid cell lines homozygous for the CAD risk haplotype show no binding of STAT1, and in lymphoblastoid cell lines homozygous for the CAD non-risk haplotype, binding of STAT1 inhibits CDKN2BAS (also known as CDKN2B-AS1) expression, which is reversed by short interfering RNA knockdown of STAT1. Using a new, open-ended approach to detect long-distance interactions, we find that in human vascular endothelial cells the enhancer interval containing the CAD locus physically interacts with the CDKN2A/B locus, the MTAP gene and an interval downstream of IFNA21. In human vascular endothelial cells, interferon-gamma activation strongly affects the structure of the chromatin and the transcriptional regulation in the 9p21 locus, including STAT1-binding, long-range enhancer interactions and altered expression of neighbouring genes. Our findings establish a link between CAD genetic susceptibility and the response to inflammatory signalling in a vascular cell type and thus demonstrate the utility of genome-wide association study findings in directing studies to novel genomic loci and biological processes important for disease aetiology.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3079517/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3079517/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harismendy, Olivier -- Notani, Dimple -- Song, Xiaoyuan -- Rahim, Nazli G -- Tanasa, Bogdan -- Heintzman, Nathaniel -- Ren, Bing -- Fu, Xiang-Dong -- Topol, Eric J -- Rosenfeld, Michael G -- Frazer, Kelly A -- 1R21CA152613-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1U54RR025204/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 1UL1RR025774/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- 1UL1RR031980-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- CA97134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK018477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK074868/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK39949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK74686/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL065445/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- L65445/PHS HHS/ -- NS34934/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG025204/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG025204-01/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA097134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK018477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK018477-35/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK039949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK039949-29/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL065445/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL065445-12/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS034934/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA152613/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA152613-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA152613-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK039949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL107442/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025774/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025774-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR031980/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR031980-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 10;470(7333):264-8. doi: 10.1038/nature09753.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21307941" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Cell Line ; Chromatin/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/*genetics ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease/*genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Endothelial Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects/genetics ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; *Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Haplotypes/genetics ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha/genetics ; Interferon-gamma/*pharmacology ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase/genetics ; STAT1 Transcription Factor/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/*drug effects
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  • 73
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stein, Murray B -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 24;470(7335):468-9. doi: 10.1038/470468a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21350472" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Estrogens/metabolism/pharmacology ; Fear/physiology ; Female ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/*blood ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/*genetics ; Response Elements/genetics ; *Sex Characteristics ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*blood/*genetics/physiopathology/psychology
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2011-12-16
    Description: Mammalian metabolism is highly circadian and major hormonal circuits involving nuclear hormone receptors display interlinked diurnal cycling. However, mechanisms that logically explain the coordination of nuclear hormone receptors and the clock are poorly understood. Here we show that two circadian co-regulators, cryptochromes 1 and 2, interact with the glucocorticoid receptor in a ligand-dependent fashion and globally alter the transcriptional response to glucocorticoids in mouse embryonic fibroblasts: cryptochrome deficiency vastly decreases gene repression and approximately doubles the number of dexamethasone-induced genes, suggesting that cryptochromes broadly oppose glucocorticoid receptor activation and promote repression. In mice, genetic loss of cryptochrome 1 and/or 2 results in glucose intolerance and constitutively high levels of circulating corticosterone, suggesting reduced suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis coupled with increased glucocorticoid transactivation in the liver. Genomically, cryptochromes 1 and 2 associate with a glucocorticoid response element in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 promoter in a hormone-dependent manner, and dexamethasone-induced transcription of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 gene was strikingly increased in cryptochrome-deficient livers. These results reveal a specific mechanism through which cryptochromes couple the activity of clock and receptor target genes to complex genomic circuits underpinning normal metabolic homeostasis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3245818/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3245818/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamia, Katja A -- Papp, Stephanie J -- Yu, Ruth T -- Barish, Grant D -- Uhlenhaut, N Henriette -- Jonker, Johan W -- Downes, Michael -- Evans, Ronald M -- DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK062434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK090188/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK090188/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK090188-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK090188-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA014195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK057978-22/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- U19 DK062434-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Dec 14;480(7378):552-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10700.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. klamia@scripps.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22170608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Corticosterone/blood ; Cryptochromes/genetics/*metabolism ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Glucocorticoids/pharmacology ; Glucose Intolerance/genetics ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Liver/enzymology/metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)/blood/metabolism ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*metabolism
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2011-07-08
    Description: Reactive aldehydes are common carcinogens. They are also by-products of several metabolic pathways and, without enzymatic catabolism, may accumulate and cause DNA damage. Ethanol, which is metabolised to acetaldehyde, is both carcinogenic and teratogenic in humans. Here we find that the Fanconi anaemia DNA repair pathway counteracts acetaldehyde-induced genotoxicity in mice. Our results show that the acetaldehyde-catabolising enzyme Aldh2 is essential for the development of Fancd2(-/-) embryos. Nevertheless, acetaldehyde-catabolism-competent mothers (Aldh2(+/-)) can support the development of double-mutant (Aldh2(-/-)Fancd2(-/-)) mice. However, these embryos are unusually sensitive to ethanol exposure in utero, and ethanol consumption by postnatal double-deficient mice rapidly precipitates bone marrow failure. Lastly, Aldh2(-/-)Fancd2(-/-) mice spontaneously develop acute leukaemia. Acetaldehyde-mediated DNA damage may critically contribute to the genesis of fetal alcohol syndrome in fetuses, as well as to abnormal development, haematopoietic failure and cancer predisposition in Fanconi anaemia patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langevin, Frederic -- Crossan, Gerry P -- Rosado, Ivan V -- Arends, Mark J -- Patel, Ketan J -- MC_U105178811/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 6;475(7354):53-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10192.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21734703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetaldehyde/metabolism/toxicity ; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Aldehydes/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism/*toxicity ; Alleles ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Bone Marrow/drug effects/pathology/physiopathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Chickens ; Clone Cells/drug effects ; DNA Damage/genetics ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Embryo Loss/chemically induced/etiology ; Embryo, Mammalian/abnormalities/drug effects/embryology ; Ethanol/metabolism/toxicity ; Fanconi Anemia/genetics/pathology ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/etiology ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, Essential ; Hematopoiesis/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/chemically induced/etiology ; Pregnancy ; Teratogens/metabolism/toxicity ; Weaning
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2011-03-25
    Description: Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson 466, 1057-1062 (2010); Nowak et al. reply. Nowak et al. argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explaining the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality. However, we believe that their arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature. We will focus our comments on three general issues.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836173/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3836173/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abbot, Patrick -- Abe, Jun -- Alcock, John -- Alizon, Samuel -- Alpedrinha, Joao A C -- Andersson, Malte -- Andre, Jean-Baptiste -- van Baalen, Minus -- Balloux, Francois -- Balshine, Sigal -- Barton, Nick -- Beukeboom, Leo W -- Biernaskie, Jay M -- Bilde, Trine -- Borgia, Gerald -- Breed, Michael -- Brown, Sam -- Bshary, Redouan -- Buckling, Angus -- Burley, Nancy T -- Burton-Chellew, Max N -- Cant, Michael A -- Chapuisat, Michel -- Charnov, Eric L -- Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Cockburn, Andrew -- Cole, Blaine J -- Colegrave, Nick -- Cosmides, Leda -- Couzin, Iain D -- Coyne, Jerry A -- Creel, Scott -- Crespi, Bernard -- Curry, Robert L -- Dall, Sasha R X -- Day, Troy -- Dickinson, Janis L -- Dugatkin, Lee Alan -- El Mouden, Claire -- Emlen, Stephen T -- Evans, Jay -- Ferriere, Regis -- Field, Jeremy -- Foitzik, Susanne -- Foster, Kevin -- Foster, William A -- Fox, Charles W -- Gadau, Juergen -- Gandon, Sylvain -- Gardner, Andy -- Gardner, Michael G -- Getty, Thomas -- Goodisman, Michael A D -- Grafen, Alan -- Grosberg, Rick -- Grozinger, Christina M -- Gouyon, Pierre-Henri -- Gwynne, Darryl -- Harvey, Paul H -- Hatchwell, Ben J -- Heinze, Jurgen -- Helantera, Heikki -- Helms, Ken R -- Hill, Kim -- Jiricny, Natalie -- Johnstone, Rufus A -- Kacelnik, Alex -- Kiers, E Toby -- Kokko, Hanna -- Komdeur, Jan -- Korb, Judith -- Kronauer, Daniel -- Kummerli, Rolf -- Lehmann, Laurent -- Linksvayer, Timothy A -- Lion, Sebastien -- Lyon, Bruce -- Marshall, James A R -- McElreath, Richard -- Michalakis, Yannis -- Michod, Richard E -- Mock, Douglas -- Monnin, Thibaud -- Montgomerie, Robert -- Moore, Allen J -- Mueller, Ulrich G -- Noe, Ronald -- Okasha, Samir -- Pamilo, Pekka -- Parker, Geoff A -- Pedersen, Jes S -- Pen, Ido -- Pfennig, David -- Queller, David C -- Rankin, Daniel J -- Reece, Sarah E -- Reeve, Hudson K -- Reuter, Max -- Roberts, Gilbert -- Robson, Simon K A -- Roze, Denis -- Rousset, Francois -- Rueppell, Olav -- Sachs, Joel L -- Santorelli, Lorenzo -- Schmid-Hempel, Paul -- Schwarz, Michael P -- Scott-Phillips, Tom -- Shellmann-Sherman, Janet -- Sherman, Paul W -- Shuker, David M -- Smith, Jeff -- Spagna, Joseph C -- Strassmann, Beverly -- Suarez, Andrew V -- Sundstrom, Liselotte -- Taborsky, Michael -- Taylor, Peter -- Thompson, Graham -- Tooby, John -- Tsutsui, Neil D -- Tsuji, Kazuki -- Turillazzi, Stefano -- Ubeda, Francisco -- Vargo, Edward L -- Voelkl, Bernard -- Wenseleers, Tom -- West, Stuart A -- West-Eberhard, Mary Jane -- Westneat, David F -- Wiernasz, Diane C -- Wild, Geoff -- Wrangham, Richard -- Young, Andrew J -- Zeh, David W -- Zeh, Jeanne A -- Zink, Andrew -- BB/H022716/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):E1-4; author reply E9-10. doi: 10.1038/nature09831.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Altruism ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; *Genetic Fitness ; Genetics, Population ; Heredity ; Humans ; Male ; *Models, Biological ; Phenotype ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sex Ratio
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  • 77
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-05-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robinson, Gene E -- England -- Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):454-5. doi: 10.1038/473454a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21614066" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/*drug effects/genetics/*growth & development/physiology ; Body Size/drug effects ; Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects/enzymology/growth & development/physiology ; Fat Body/drug effects/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fertility/drug effects ; Glycoproteins/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Insect Proteins/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Juvenile Hormones/metabolism ; Larva/drug effects/growth & development ; Longevity/drug effects ; Ovary/drug effects/growth & development ; Phenotype ; Protein Stability ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; *Social Dominance
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  • 78
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-02-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayden, Erika Check -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 17;470(7334):318-9. doi: 10.1038/470318a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Internationality ; Licensure/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2/genetics/immunology ; Mice ; Models, Immunological ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Rare Diseases ; *Rett Syndrome/genetics/immunology/therapy ; Time Factors ; United States
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2011-01-14
    Description: Brain changes in response to nerve damage or cochlear trauma can generate pathological neural activity that is believed to be responsible for many types of chronic pain and tinnitus. Several studies have reported that the severity of chronic pain and tinnitus is correlated with the degree of map reorganization in somatosensory and auditory cortex, respectively. Direct electrical or transcranial magnetic stimulation of sensory cortex can temporarily disrupt these phantom sensations. However, there is as yet no direct evidence for a causal role of plasticity in the generation of pain or tinnitus. Here we report evidence that reversing the brain changes responsible can eliminate the perceptual impairment in an animal model of noise-induced tinnitus. Exposure to intense noise degrades the frequency tuning of auditory cortex neurons and increases cortical synchronization. Repeatedly pairing tones with brief pulses of vagus nerve stimulation completely eliminated the physiological and behavioural correlates of tinnitus in noise-exposed rats. These improvements persisted for weeks after the end of therapy. This method for restoring neural activity to normal may be applicable to a variety of neurological disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3295231/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3295231/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Engineer, Navzer D -- Riley, Jonathan R -- Seale, Jonathan D -- Vrana, Will A -- Shetake, Jai A -- Sudanagunta, Sindhu P -- Borland, Michael S -- Kilgard, Michael P -- R43 DC010084-01/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R44 DC010084-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 3;470(7332):101-4. doi: 10.1038/nature09656. Epub 2011 Jan 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cortical Plasticity Laboratory, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, USA. navzer@utdallas.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21228773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Models, Neurological ; Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology ; Noise/adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tinnitus/etiology/pathology/*physiopathology/*therapy ; Vagus Nerve/physiology
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  • 80
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reichmann, James P -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 8;474(7350):161. doi: 10.1038/474161c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654788" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Drug Approval ; Female ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Orphan Drug Production/legislation & jurisprudence ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth/prevention & control ; Time Factors ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration/legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2011-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ledford, Heidi -- England -- Nature. 2011 Sep 28;477(7366):526-8. doi: 10.1038/477526a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21956311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic/economics/*methods/*trends ; Database Management Systems ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Multicenter Studies as Topic/methods ; Precision Medicine/economics/methods/trends ; Translational Medical Research/economics/methods/trends ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/legislation & jurisprudence
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2011-07-19
    Description: Interleukin (IL)-17-producing T helper cells (T(H)17) are a recently identified CD4(+) T cell subset distinct from T helper type 1 (T(H)1) and T helper type 2 (T(H)2) cells. T(H)17 cells can drive antigen-specific autoimmune diseases and are considered the main population of pathogenic T cells driving experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the mouse model for multiple sclerosis. The factors that are needed for the generation of T(H)17 cells have been well characterized. However, where and how the immune system controls T(H)17 cells in vivo remains unclear. Here, by using a model of tolerance induced by CD3-specific antibody, a model of sepsis and influenza A viral infection (H1N1), we show that pro-inflammatory T(H)17 cells can be redirected to and controlled in the small intestine. T(H)17-specific IL-17A secretion induced expression of the chemokine CCL20 in the small intestine, facilitating the migration of these cells specifically to the small intestine via the CCR6/CCL20 axis. Moreover, we found that T(H)17 cells are controlled by two different mechanisms in the small intestine: first, they are eliminated via the intestinal lumen; second, pro-inflammatory T(H)17 cells simultaneously acquire a regulatory phenotype with in vitro and in vivo immune-suppressive properties (rT(H)17). These results identify mechanisms limiting T(H)17 cell pathogenicity and implicate the gastrointestinal tract as a site for control of T(H)17 cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3148838/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3148838/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Esplugues, Enric -- Huber, Samuel -- Gagliani, Nicola -- Hauser, Anja E -- Town, Terrence -- Wan, Yisong Y -- O'Connor, William Jr -- Rongvaux, Anthony -- Van Rooijen, Nico -- Haberman, Ann M -- Iwakura, Yoichiro -- Kuchroo, Vijay K -- Kolls, Jay K -- Bluestone, Jeffrey A -- Herold, Kevan C -- Flavell, Richard A -- DK45735/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK045735/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK045735-20/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL061271/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL062052/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R21 HL104601/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 17;475(7357):514-8. doi: 10.1038/nature10228.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. enric.esplugues@yale.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21765430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/immunology/pharmacology ; Antigens, CD3/immunology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/transplantation ; Cell Movement/drug effects ; Chemokine CCL20/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation/immunology ; Influenza A virus/immunology ; Interleukin-17/immunology ; Intestine, Small/cytology/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology ; Receptors, CCR6/immunology ; Sepsis/immunology ; Staphylococcal Infections/immunology ; Th17 Cells/*immunology
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2011-11-29
    Description: Repetitive-element-derived Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) act together with Piwi proteins Mili (also known as Piwil2) and Miwi2 (also known as Piwil4) in a genome defence mechanism that initiates transposon silencing via DNA methylation in the mouse male embryonic germ line. This silencing depends on the participation of the Piwi proteins in a slicer-dependent piRNA amplification pathway and is essential for male fertility. A third Piwi family member, Miwi (also known as Piwil1), is expressed in specific postnatal germ cells and associates with a unique set of piRNAs of unknown function. Here we show that Miwi is a small RNA-guided RNase (slicer) that requires extensive complementarity for target cleavage in vitro. Disruption of its catalytic activity in mice by a single point mutation causes male infertility, and mutant germ cells show increased accumulation of LINE1 retrotransposon transcripts. We provide evidence for Miwi slicer activity directly cleaving transposon messenger RNAs, offering an explanation for the continued maintenance of repeat-derived piRNAs long after transposon silencing is established in germline stem cells. Furthermore, our study supports a slicer-dependent silencing mechanism that functions without piRNA amplification. Thus, Piwi proteins seem to act in a two-pronged mammalian transposon silencing strategy: one promotes transcriptional repression in the embryo, the other reinforces silencing at the post-transcriptional level after birth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reuter, Michael -- Berninger, Philipp -- Chuma, Shinichiro -- Shah, Hardik -- Hosokawa, Mihoko -- Funaya, Charlotta -- Antony, Claude -- Sachidanandam, Ravi -- Pillai, Ramesh S -- England -- Nature. 2011 Nov 27;480(7376):264-7. doi: 10.1038/nature10672.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 181, 38042 Grenoble, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22121019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Argonaute Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; *Biocatalysis ; DNA Transposable Elements/*genetics ; *Gene Silencing ; Infertility, Male/genetics ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Spermatogenesis/genetics ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2011-07-01
    Description: The basolateral amygdala (BLA) has a crucial role in emotional learning irrespective of valence. The BLA projection to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is thought to modulate cue-triggered motivated behaviours, but our understanding of the interaction between these two brain regions has been limited by the inability to manipulate neural-circuit elements of this pathway selectively during behaviour. To circumvent this limitation, we used in vivo optogenetic stimulation or inhibition of glutamatergic fibres from the BLA to the NAc, coupled with intracranial pharmacology and ex vivo electrophysiology. Here we show that optical stimulation of the pathway from the BLA to the NAc in mice reinforces behavioural responding to earn additional optical stimulation of these synaptic inputs. Optical stimulation of these glutamatergic fibres required intra-NAc dopamine D1-type receptor signalling, but not D2-type receptor signalling. Brief optical inhibition of fibres from the BLA to the NAc reduced cue-evoked intake of sucrose, demonstrating an important role of this specific pathway in controlling naturally occurring reward-related behaviour. Moreover, although optical stimulation of glutamatergic fibres from the medial prefrontal cortex to the NAc also elicited reliable excitatory synaptic responses, optical self-stimulation behaviour was not observed by activation of this pathway. These data indicate that whereas the BLA is important for processing both positive and negative affect, the glutamatergic pathway from the BLA to the NAc, in conjunction with dopamine signalling in the NAc, promotes motivated behavioural responding. Thus, optogenetic manipulation of anatomically distinct synaptic inputs to the NAc reveals functionally distinct properties of these inputs in controlling reward-seeking behaviours.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775282/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775282/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stuber, Garret D -- Sparta, Dennis R -- Stamatakis, Alice M -- van Leeuwen, Wieke A -- Hardjoprajitno, Juanita E -- Cho, Saemi -- Tye, Kay M -- Kempadoo, Kimberly A -- Zhang, Feng -- Deisseroth, Karl -- Bonci, Antonello -- DA029325/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- F32AA018610/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA032750/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R21 DA029325/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jun 29;475(7356):377-80. doi: 10.1038/nature10194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. gstuber@med.unc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21716290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/cytology/*physiology ; Animals ; Behavior, Addictive/physiopathology ; Cues ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Drinking ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/*physiology ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Light ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Fibers/physiology ; Neural Pathways/*physiology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Nucleus Accumbens/cytology/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Photic Stimulation ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; *Reward ; Rhodopsin/genetics/metabolism ; Sucrose/metabolism/pharmacology
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: Members of the intracellular nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family contribute to immune responses through activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), type I interferon and inflammasome signalling. Mice lacking the NLR family member NLRP6 were recently shown to be susceptible to colitis and colorectal tumorigenesis, but the role of NLRP6 in microbial infections and the nature of the inflammatory signalling pathways regulated by NLRP6 remain unclear. Here we show that Nlrp6-deficient mice are highly resistant to infection with the bacterial pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Infected Nlrp6-deficient mice had increased numbers of monocytes and neutrophils in circulation, and NLRP6 signalling in both haematopoietic and radioresistant cells contributed to increased susceptibility. Nlrp6 deficiency enhanced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the canonical NF-kappaB pathway after Toll-like receptor ligation, but not cytosolic NOD1/2 ligation, in vitro. Consequently, infected Nlrp6-deficient cells produced increased levels of NF-kappaB- and MAPK-dependent cytokines and chemokines. Thus, our results reveal NLRP6 as a negative regulator of inflammatory signalling, and demonstrate a role for this NLR in impeding clearance of both Gram-positive and -negative bacterial pathogens.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3422416/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3422416/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anand, Paras K -- Malireddi, R K Subbarao -- Lukens, John R -- Vogel, Peter -- Bertin, John -- Lamkanfi, Mohamed -- Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi -- AI101935/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AR056296/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI101935/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR056296/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 16;488(7411):389-93. doi: 10.1038/nature11250.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22763455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Susceptibility/immunology ; Escherichia coli/*immunology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism ; Female ; Immunity, Innate/*immunology ; Listeria monocytogenes/*immunology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Mice ; Monocytes/cytology/enzymology/immunology/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Neutrophils/cytology/enzymology/immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/deficiency/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Salmonella typhimurium/*immunology
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  • 86
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2012-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fagin, Dan -- England -- Nature. 2012 Oct 25;490(7421):462-5. doi: 10.1038/490462a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23099381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Diethylhexyl Phthalate/administration & dosage/toxicity ; Diethylstilbestrol/administration & dosage/toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endocrine Disruptors/*administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Estradiol/administration & dosage/toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U.S.) ; Phenols/administration & dosage/toxicity ; Risk Assessment/*methods ; Tamoxifen/administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Toxicology/*methods ; United States
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  • 87
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2012-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, Monya -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 30;488(7413):568. doi: 10.1038/488568a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22932355" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Circumcision, Male/economics/ethnology/*statistics & numerical data ; Cultural Characteristics ; Humans ; Internationality ; Male ; Physicians ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; United States/epidemiology
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  • 88
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    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Relman, David A -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 13;486(7402):194-5. doi: 10.1038/486194a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria/*classification/*genetics ; *Biodiversity ; Female ; *Health ; Humans ; Male ; *Metagenome ; Metagenomics/*methods
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  • 89
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    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2012-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolman, David -- England -- Nature. 2012 Mar 14;483(7389):260-3. doi: 10.1038/483260a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology/*physiopathology/surgery ; Cohort Studies ; Corpus Callosum/physiology/physiopathology/*surgery ; Epilepsy/history/surgery ; Female ; Functional Laterality/*physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Morals ; Neurosciences/*history ; Seizures/history/surgery
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2012-08-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austad, Steven N -- England -- Nature. 2012 Sep 13;489(7415):210-11. doi: 10.1038/nature11484.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22932269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; *Caloric Restriction ; Female ; *Health ; Humans ; Longevity/*physiology ; Male ; *National Institute on Aging (U.S.)
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is part of the brain's circuit for dynamic representation of self-location. The metric of this representation is provided by grid cells, cells with spatial firing fields that tile environments in a periodic hexagonal pattern. Limited anatomical sampling has obscured whether the grid system operates as a unified system or a conglomerate of independent modules. Here we show with recordings from up to 186 grid cells in individual rats that grid cells cluster into a small number of layer-spanning anatomically overlapping modules with distinct scale, orientation, asymmetry and theta-frequency modulation. These modules can respond independently to changes in the geometry of the environment. The discrete topography of the grid-map, and the apparent autonomy of the modules, differ from the graded topography of maps for continuous variables in several sensory systems, raising the possibility that the modularity of the grid map is a product of local self-organizing network dynamics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stensola, Hanne -- Stensola, Tor -- Solstad, Trygve -- Froland, Kristian -- Moser, May-Britt -- Moser, Edvard I -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 6;492(7427):72-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11649.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. hanne.stensola@ntnu.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23222610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Entorhinal Cortex/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Environment ; Male ; *Models, Neurological ; Orientation ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Theta Rhythm/physiology
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: The vast majority of prenatal genetic testing requires invasive sampling. However, this poses a risk to the fetus, so one must make a decision that weighs the desire for genetic information against the risk of an adverse outcome due to hazards of the testing process. These issues are not required to be coupled, and it would be desirable to discover genetic information about the fetus without incurring a health risk. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to non-invasively sequence the entire prenatal genome. Our results show that molecular counting of parental haplotypes in maternal plasma by shotgun sequencing of maternal plasma DNA allows the inherited fetal genome to be deciphered non-invasively. We also applied the counting principle directly to each allele in the fetal exome by performing exome capture on maternal plasma DNA before shotgun sequencing. This approach enables non-invasive exome screening of clinically relevant and deleterious alleles that were paternally inherited or had arisen as de novo germline mutations, and complements the haplotype counting approach to provide a comprehensive view of the fetal genome. Non-invasive determination of the fetal genome may ultimately facilitate the diagnosis of all inherited and de novo genetic disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3561905/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3561905/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fan, H Christina -- Gu, Wei -- Wang, Jianbin -- Blumenfeld, Yair J -- El-Sayed, Yasser Y -- Quake, Stephen R -- DP1 OD000251/OD/NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA151459/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jul 19;487(7407):320-4. doi: 10.1038/nature11251.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Clark Center Rm E300, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22763444" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; DNA/*analysis/blood ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Fetus ; *Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis/*methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity
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  • 93
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2012-06-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayden, Erika Check -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 27;486(7404):454. doi: 10.1038/486454a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22739292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; Female ; Fetus/blood supply/*metabolism ; Genetic Testing/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence/utilization ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; Pregnancy/*blood ; *Prenatal Diagnosis/economics/utilization
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of conditions characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviours. ASD is a highly heritable disorder involving various genetic determinants. Shank2 (also known as ProSAP1) is a multi-domain scaffolding protein and signalling adaptor enriched at excitatory neuronal synapses, and mutations in the human SHANK2 gene have recently been associated with ASD and intellectual disability. Although ASD-associated genes are being increasingly identified and studied using various approaches, including mouse genetics, further efforts are required to delineate important causal mechanisms with the potential for therapeutic application. Here we show that Shank2-mutant (Shank2(-/-)) mice carrying a mutation identical to the ASD-associated microdeletion in the human SHANK2 gene exhibit ASD-like behaviours including reduced social interaction, reduced social communication by ultrasonic vocalizations, and repetitive jumping. These mice show a marked decrease in NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) glutamate receptor (NMDAR) function. Direct stimulation of NMDARs with D-cycloserine, a partial agonist of NMDARs, normalizes NMDAR function and improves social interaction in Shank2(-/-) mice. Furthermore, treatment of Shank2(-/-) mice with a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), which enhances NMDAR function via mGluR5 activation, also normalizes NMDAR function and markedly enhances social interaction. These results suggest that reduced NMDAR function may contribute to the development of ASD-like phenotypes in Shank2(-/-) mice, and mGluR modulation of NMDARs offers a potential strategy to treat ASD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Won, Hyejung -- Lee, Hye-Ryeon -- Gee, Heon Yung -- Mah, Won -- Kim, Jae-Ick -- Lee, Jiseok -- Ha, Seungmin -- Chung, Changuk -- Jung, Eun Suk -- Cho, Yi Sul -- Park, Sae-Geun -- Lee, Jung-Soo -- Lee, Kyungmin -- Kim, Daesoo -- Bae, Yong Chul -- Kaang, Bong-Kiun -- Lee, Min Goo -- Kim, Eunjoon -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 13;486(7402):261-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*genetics ; Animals ; Antimetabolites/pharmacology ; *Autistic Disorder/genetics/metabolism ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects/physiology ; Benzamides/*pharmacology ; Cycloserine/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Pyrazoles/*pharmacology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*agonists/*metabolism
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  • 95
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2012-06-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rice, Jocelyn -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 30;485(7400):S55-7. doi: 10.1038/485S55a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22648500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*pathology/therapy ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology ; Recurrence
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2012-06-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bakalar, Nicholas -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 20;486(7403):S4-5. doi: 10.1038/486S4a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22717401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amniotic Fluid/chemistry ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects/physiology ; Flavoring Agents/*pharmacology ; *Food ; Food Habits/physiology ; Hearing/physiology ; Humans ; Odors ; Pregnancy ; Smell/physiology ; Taste/drug effects/*physiology ; Temperature ; Vision, Ocular/physiology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2012-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mrsic-Flogel, Thomas D -- Bonhoeffer, Tobias -- 095074/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 6;486(7401):41-2. doi: 10.1038/486041a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22678277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Communication ; *Cell Lineage ; *Electric Conductivity ; Electrical Synapses/*physiology ; Female ; Gap Junctions/*metabolism ; Male ; Neocortex/*cytology ; Neurons/*cytology/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Unknown
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Surani, Azim -- Tischler, Julia -- 079249/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 092096/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0800784/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jul 4;487(7405):43-5. doi: 10.1038/487043a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK. a.surani@gurdon.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22763548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Dedifferentiation/*genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism ; Endogenous Retroviruses/*genetics ; Female ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology ; Totipotent Stem Cells/*cytology/*metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Breast carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide, with an estimated 1.38 million new cases and 458,000 deaths in 2008 alone. This malignancy represents a heterogeneous group of tumours with characteristic molecular features, prognosis and responses to available therapy. Recurrent somatic alterations in breast cancer have been described, including mutations and copy number alterations, notably ERBB2 amplifications, the first successful therapy target defined by a genomic aberration. Previous DNA sequencing studies of breast cancer genomes have revealed additional candidate mutations and gene rearrangements. Here we report the whole-exome sequences of DNA from 103 human breast cancers of diverse subtypes from patients in Mexico and Vietnam compared to matched-normal DNA, together with whole-genome sequences of 22 breast cancer/normal pairs. Beyond confirming recurrent somatic mutations in PIK3CA, TP53, AKT1, GATA3 and MAP3K1, we discovered recurrent mutations in the CBFB transcription factor gene and deletions of its partner RUNX1. Furthermore, we have identified a recurrent MAGI3-AKT3 fusion enriched in triple-negative breast cancer lacking oestrogen and progesterone receptors and ERBB2 expression. The MAGI3-AKT3 fusion leads to constitutive activation of AKT kinase, which is abolished by treatment with an ATP-competitive AKT small-molecule inhibitor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4148686/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4148686/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Banerji, Shantanu -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Rangel-Escareno, Claudia -- Brown, Kristin K -- Carter, Scott L -- Frederick, Abbie M -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Sivachenko, Andrey Y -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Zou, Lihua -- Cortes, Maria L -- Fernandez-Lopez, Juan C -- Peng, Shouyong -- Ardlie, Kristin G -- Auclair, Daniel -- Bautista-Pina, Veronica -- Duke, Fujiko -- Francis, Joshua -- Jung, Joonil -- Maffuz-Aziz, Antonio -- Onofrio, Robert C -- Parkin, Melissa -- Pho, Nam H -- Quintanar-Jurado, Valeria -- Ramos, Alex H -- Rebollar-Vega, Rosa -- Rodriguez-Cuevas, Sergio -- Romero-Cordoba, Sandra L -- Schumacher, Steven E -- Stransky, Nicolas -- Thompson, Kristin M -- Uribe-Figueroa, Laura -- Baselga, Jose -- Beroukhim, Rameen -- Polyak, Kornelia -- Sgroi, Dennis C -- Richardson, Andrea L -- Jimenez-Sanchez, Gerardo -- Lander, Eric S -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Garraway, Levi A -- Golub, Todd R -- Melendez-Zajgla, Jorge -- Toker, Alex -- Getz, Gad -- Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo -- Meyerson, Matthew -- CA089393/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA122099/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA122099/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 20;486(7403):405-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Breast Neoplasms/*classification/*genetics/pathology ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics ; Core Binding Factor beta Subunit/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Gene Fusion/genetics ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mexico ; Mutation/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Translocation, Genetic/*genetics ; Vietnam
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2012-11-13
    Description: Active dendrites provide neurons with powerful processing capabilities. However, little is known about the role of neuronal dendrites in behaviourally related circuit computations. Here we report that a novel global dendritic nonlinearity is involved in the integration of sensory and motor information within layer 5 pyramidal neurons during an active sensing behaviour. Layer 5 pyramidal neurons possess elaborate dendritic arborizations that receive functionally distinct inputs, each targeted to spatially separate regions. At the cellular level, coincident input from these segregated pathways initiates regenerative dendritic electrical events that produce bursts of action potential output and circuits featuring this powerful dendritic nonlinearity can implement computations based on input correlation. To examine this in vivo we recorded dendritic activity in layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the barrel cortex using two-photon calcium imaging in mice performing an object-localization task. Large-amplitude, global calcium signals were observed throughout the apical tuft dendrites when active touch occurred at particular object locations or whisker angles. Such global calcium signals are produced by dendritic plateau potentials that require both vibrissal sensory input and primary motor cortex activity. These data provide direct evidence of nonlinear dendritic processing of correlated sensory and motor information in the mammalian neocortex during active sensation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Ning-long -- Harnett, Mark T -- Williams, Stephen R -- Huber, Daniel -- O'Connor, Daniel H -- Svoboda, Karel -- Magee, Jeffrey C -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 13;492(7428):247-51. doi: 10.1038/nature11601. Epub 2012 Nov 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Activity/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Sensation/*physiology ; Signal Transduction
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    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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