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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synthesis of 4',6'-diacetamido-4',6'-dideoxycellobiose hexa-acetate from lactose
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 43 (1975), S. 57-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0008-6215(00)83972-5
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    North American Winter-Spring Storms: Modeling Investigation on Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Impacts (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-01
    Description: [1]  An increased frequency and intensity of winter and spring storms have recently manifested over a broad area of North America—along the east coast of the U.S. especially, though global mean storm tracks are suggested to shift northward. To understand these changes, we have conducted atmospheric model experiments, examining the response of North American storm activity to the elevated tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) associated with El Niño. The results indicate that, when tropical Pacific SST increases, there are more numerous intense storms over southwestern, southeastern, and northwestern North America, but fewer weaker storms over the northeast. Transient eddy analysis of the general circulation demonstrates consistent changes, suggesting systematic changes from large-scale general circulation to synoptic-scale storms. These changes can be attributed to enhanced lower tropospheric baroclinicity, to which the southward shift and an intensification of extratropical jet streams make a major contribution.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Synthesis, Characterization, Covalent Binding, and Degree of Unwinding of Platinum(II) Bipyridine Complexes (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-15
    Description: The complexes [Pt(3′′-clpbpy)Cl 2 ] ( 1 ) [3′′-clpbpy = 4-(3′′-chlorophenyl)-6-phenyl-2, 2′-bipyridine], [Pt(4′′-clpbpy)Cl 2 ] ( 2 ) [4′′-clpbpy = 4-(4′′-chlorophenyl)-6-phenyl-2, 2′-bipyridine], [Pt(3′′-brpbpy)Cl 2 ] ( 3 ) [3′′-brpbpy = 4-(3′′-bromophenyl)-6-phenyl-2, 2′-bipyridine], and [Pt(4′′-brpbpy)Cl 2 ] ( 4 ) [4′′-brpbpy = 4-(4′′-bromophenyl)-6-phenyl-2, 2′-bipyridine] were synthesized and characterized. The binding of the complexes with herring sperm DNA (HS DNA) was investigated by absorption titration and viscosity measurements. It was found that the complexes have ability of interaction with DNA by covalent mode. The intrinsic binding constant K b of the complexes with HS DNA is 8.76 × 10 4 ( 1 ), 9.89 ×10 4 ( 2 ), 1.52 × 10 5 ( 3 ), and 2.31 × 10 5 ( 4 ) M –1 . The slight depression in relative specific viscosity was observed, which also attributes to covalent binding of complexes with DNA bases. Gel electrophoresis assay demonstrated the ability of the complexes to unwind negatively supercoiled pUC19 plasmid by 14° ( 1 ), 13° ( 2 ), 13° ( 3 ), and 11° ( 4 ). The in vitro cytotoxic property of the synthesized metal complexes was also carried out against brine shrimp bioassay.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    North Atlantic variability driven by stochastic forcing in a simple model (2012)
    Co-Action Publishing
    In: Tellus A
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-20
    Description: This study investigates the mechanisms driving North Atlantic (NA) variability using a simple model that incorporates the time evolution of interactive upper ocean temperature anomalies, horizontal (Gyre, Ψ g ) and vertical (meridional overturning circulation, Ψ m ) circulation. The model is forced with multicentury long synthetic time series of external stochastic forcing that captures key statistical properties of observations such as the range of fluctuations and persistence of processes. The simulated oceanic response may be viewed as a delayed response to a cumulative atmospheric forcing over an interval defined by the system damping properties. Depending on the choice of parameters, the model suggests either compensatory mechanism (Ψ m and Ψ g are anti-correlated) or amplification mechanism (Ψ m and Ψ g are positively correlated). The compensatory mechanism implies that an increase of heat supplied by an anomalously strong Ψ g would be balanced by a decrease of heat provided by a weaker Ψ m and vice versa. The amplification mechanism suggests that both Ψ m and Ψ g maintain the heat budget in the system compensating its damping properties. Some evidence for these mechanisms is found in a global climate model. Further investigations of NA variability mechanisms are important as they improve understanding of how the NA climate system functions. Keywords: North Atlantic; stochastic modelling; variability (Published: 18 June 2012) Citation: Tellus A 2012, 64 , 18695, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.18695
    Print ISSN: 0280-6495
    Electronic ISSN: 1600-0870
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Co-Action Publishing on behalf of The International Meteorological Institute in Stockholm.
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  • 5
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    Site-Selective Glycosylation of Hemoglobin with Variable Molecular Weight Oligosaccharides: Potential Alternative to PEGylation (2012)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-25
    Description: Journal of the American Chemical Society DOI: 10.1021/ja300893t
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 6
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    Spectroscopic Study of DNA Hydrolysis, DNA Intercalative, and Electrostatic Interaction Activity Exerted by Drug Based Coordination Compounds (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-30
    Description: Our work emphasized on synthesizing and characterizing neutral mononuclear copper(II) complexes with second generation fluoroquinolone drug ciprofloxacin (CFL) and some bipyridine derivatives (A n ) of type [Cu(CFL)(A n )Cl] · 2H 2 O. The DNA binding free energies were evaluated by studying the effect of salt concentrations on DNA binding. DNA interactions were investigated by using DNA melting temperature studies, viscosity measurements, absorption titration, and gel electrophoresis experiments. Also superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity (IC 50 values) and antibacterial activity of metal complexes were studied. To validate the proper mechanistic pathway for plasmid DNA cleavage, gel electrophoresis experiments were carried out in presence of radical scavenging agents. The bactericidal activity of metal complexes was evaluated in terms of colony forming unit.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Synthesis, Characterization, Covalent Binding, and Degree of Unwinding of Platinum(II) Bipyridine Complexes (2012)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-23
    Description: The complexes [Pt(3′′-clpbpy)Cl 2 ] ( 1 ) [3′′-clpbpy = 4-(3′′-chlorophenyl)-6-phenyl-2, 2′-bipyridine], [Pt(4′′-clpbpy)Cl 2 ] ( 2 ) [4′′-clpbpy = 4-(4′′-chlorophenyl)-6-phenyl-2, 2′-bipyridine], [Pt(3′′-brpbpy)Cl 2 ] ( 3 ) [3′′-brpbpy = 4-(3′′-bromophenyl)-6-phenyl-2, 2′-bipyridine], and [Pt(4′′-brpbpy)Cl 2 ] ( 4 ) [4′′-brpbpy = 4-(4′′-bromophenyl)-6-phenyl-2, 2′-bipyridine] were synthesized and characterized. The binding of the complexes with herring sperm DNA (HS DNA) was investigated by absorption titration and viscosity measurements. It was found that the complexes have ability of interaction with DNA by covalent mode. The intrinsic binding constant K b of the complexes with HS DNA is 8.76 × 10 4 ( 1 ), 9.89 ×10 4 ( 2 ), 1.52 × 10 5 ( 3 ), and 2.31 × 10 5 ( 4 ) M –1 . The slight depression in relative specific viscosity was observed, which also attributes to covalent binding of complexes with DNA bases. Gel electrophoresis assay demonstrated the ability of the complexes to unwind negatively supercoiled pUC19 plasmid by 14° ( 1 ), 13° ( 2 ), 13° ( 3 ), and 11° ( 4 ). The in vitro cytotoxic property of the synthesized metal complexes was also carried out against brine shrimp bioassay.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    Antibacterial and Superoxide Dismutase Activity as Well as DNA Interactions of Ciprofloxacin-Based Ternary Copper(II) Phenanthroline Complexes (2011)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-07-26
    Description: . Five neutral mixed-ligand mononuclear square-pyramidal copper(II) complexes of the type [Cu(cpf)( L n )Cl] (cpf = ciprofloxacin and L n = phenanthroline derivatives) ( 1 – 5 ) were synthesized and characterized. The complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity and bactericidal activity against two Gram (+ve) and three Gram (–ve) microorganisms and the results showed that all complexes studied are more potent than the quinolone standard drug ciprofloxacin. Absorption titration, viscosity, and thermal denaturation measurement studies revealed that each of these square-pyramidal complexes moderately interacts with calf thymus DNA. The binding constants for mixed ligand complexes are in order of 1.5 × 10 4 –3.0 × 10 4 M –1 . Based on the data obtained in the DNA binding studies an intercalative mode of binding is suggested for these complexes. The nucleolytic cleavage activity of adducts and gyrase inhibition assay were studied on double stranded pUC19 DNA by gel electrophoresis experiments. From the SOD mimic study; the concentration of complexes ranging from 0.45 μM to 1.45 μM are enough to inhibit the reduction rate of NBT by 50 % (IC 50 ) in NADH/PMS system.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
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    Anticipated changes to the snow season in Alaska: Elevation dependency, timing and extremes (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: ABSTRACT Snowfall and snow season length across Alaska control the surface hydrology and underlying soil properties and also influence near‐surface air temperature by changing the energy balance. Current projections of warming suggest that considerable change will occur to key snow parameters, possibly contributing to extensive infrastructure damage from thawing permafrost, an increased frequency of rain‐on‐snow events and reduced soil recharge in the spring due to shallow end‐of‐winter snowpack. This study investigates projected changes to mean annual snowfall, dates of snow onset and snowmelt, and extreme snowfall for Alaska, using dynamically downscaled reanalysis and climate model simulations. These include the ERA‐Interim reanalysis from 1981‐2010, and two Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 models: Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 3 (GFDL‐CM3) from 1981‐2100. The analysis is presented in 30‐year periods (i.e., 1981‐2010, 2011‐2040, 2041‐2070, and 2071‐2100) with the future scenarios from Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. Late‐century projections of average annual snowfall at low elevations (0‐1000 m) show decreases of 41.3% and 40.6% for CCSM4 and GFDL‐CM3, respectively. At high elevations (1000‐2000 m), the reductions are smaller at 13.5%, and 14.2%, respectively. End‐of‐winter snow‐water equivalent displays reductions at all elevations in the future periods. Snow season length is shortened due to later snow onset and earlier snowmelt; many locations in southwest Alaska no longer experience continuous winter snowpack by the late‐century period. Maximum 2‐day snowfall amounts are projected to decrease near Anchorage and Nome, while Fairbanks and UtqiaĠvik (Barrow) show no significant trend. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley
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  • 10
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    Changes in timing of seasonal peak photosynthetic activity in northern ecosystems (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: The timing of peak photosynthetic activity acts as a proxy for plant's adaptive state to climatic constraints on its growth. Abstract Seasonality in photosynthetic activity is a critical component of seasonal carbon, water, and energy cycles in the Earth system. This characteristic is a consequence of plant's adaptive evolutionary processes to a given set of environmental conditions. Changing climate in northern lands (〉30°N) alters the state of climatic constraints on plant growth, and therefore, changes in the seasonality and carbon accumulation are anticipated. However, how photosynthetic seasonality evolved to its current state, and what role climatic constraints and their variability played in this process and ultimately in carbon cycle is still poorly understood due to its complexity. Here, we take the “laws of minimum” as a basis and introduce a new framework where the timing (day of year) of peak photosynthetic activity (DOYPmax) acts as a proxy for plant's adaptive state to climatic constraints on its growth. Our analyses confirm that spatial variations in DOYPmax reflect spatial gradients in climatic constraints as well as seasonal maximum and total productivity. We find a widespread warming‐induced advance in DOYPmax (−1.66 ± 0.30 days/decade, p 〈 0.001) across northern lands, indicating a spatiotemporal dynamism of climatic constraints to plant growth. We show that the observed changes in DOYPmax are associated with an increase in total gross primary productivity through enhanced carbon assimilation early in the growing season, which leads to an earlier phase shift in land‐atmosphere carbon fluxes and an increase in their amplitude. Such changes are expected to continue in the future based on our analysis of earth system model projections. Our study provides a simplified, yet realistic framework based on first principles for the complex mechanisms by which various climatic factors constrain plant growth in northern ecosystems.
    Print ISSN: 1354-1013
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2486
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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