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  • 1
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    Type IIA topoisomerase inhibition by a new class of antibacterial agents (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-06
    Description: Despite the success of genomics in identifying new essential bacterial genes, there is a lack of sustainable leads in antibacterial drug discovery to address increasing multidrug resistance. Type IIA topoisomerases cleave and religate DNA to regulate DNA topology and are a major class of antibacterial and anticancer drug targets, yet there is no well developed structural basis for understanding drug action. Here we report the 2.1 A crystal structure of a potent, new class, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in complex with Staphylococcus aureus DNA gyrase and DNA, showing a new mode of inhibition that circumvents fluoroquinolone resistance in this clinically important drug target. The inhibitor 'bridges' the DNA and a transient non-catalytic pocket on the two-fold axis at the GyrA dimer interface, and is close to the active sites and fluoroquinolone binding sites. In the inhibitor complex the active site seems poised to cleave the DNA, with a single metal ion observed between the TOPRIM (topoisomerase/primase) domain and the scissile phosphate. This work provides new insights into the mechanism of topoisomerase action and a platform for structure-based drug design of a new class of antibacterial agents against a clinically proven, but conformationally flexible, enzyme class.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bax, Benjamin D -- Chan, Pan F -- Eggleston, Drake S -- Fosberry, Andrew -- Gentry, Daniel R -- Gorrec, Fabrice -- Giordano, Ilaria -- Hann, Michael M -- Hennessy, Alan -- Hibbs, Martin -- Huang, Jianzhong -- Jones, Emma -- Jones, Jo -- Brown, Kristin Koretke -- Lewis, Ceri J -- May, Earl W -- Saunders, Martin R -- Singh, Onkar -- Spitzfaden, Claus E -- Shen, Carol -- Shillings, Anthony -- Theobald, Andrew J -- Wohlkonig, Alexandre -- Pearson, Neil D -- Gwynn, Michael N -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 19;466(7309):935-40. doi: 10.1038/nature09197. Epub 2010 Aug 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK. benjamin.d.bax@gsk.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20686482" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Bacterial Agents/*chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Apoenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Arginine/metabolism ; Aspartic Acid/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Catalytic Domain ; Ciprofloxacin/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA Cleavage ; DNA Gyrase/*chemistry/metabolism ; DNA, Superhelical/chemistry/metabolism ; Drug Design ; Drug Resistance ; Escherichia coli/enzymology ; Manganese/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Quinolines/*chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Quinolones/chemistry/metabolism ; Staphylococcus aureus/*enzymology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Sequence analysis of mutations and translocations across breast cancer subtypes (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Breast carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide, with an estimated 1.38 million new cases and 458,000 deaths in 2008 alone. This malignancy represents a heterogeneous group of tumours with characteristic molecular features, prognosis and responses to available therapy. Recurrent somatic alterations in breast cancer have been described, including mutations and copy number alterations, notably ERBB2 amplifications, the first successful therapy target defined by a genomic aberration. Previous DNA sequencing studies of breast cancer genomes have revealed additional candidate mutations and gene rearrangements. Here we report the whole-exome sequences of DNA from 103 human breast cancers of diverse subtypes from patients in Mexico and Vietnam compared to matched-normal DNA, together with whole-genome sequences of 22 breast cancer/normal pairs. Beyond confirming recurrent somatic mutations in PIK3CA, TP53, AKT1, GATA3 and MAP3K1, we discovered recurrent mutations in the CBFB transcription factor gene and deletions of its partner RUNX1. Furthermore, we have identified a recurrent MAGI3-AKT3 fusion enriched in triple-negative breast cancer lacking oestrogen and progesterone receptors and ERBB2 expression. The MAGI3-AKT3 fusion leads to constitutive activation of AKT kinase, which is abolished by treatment with an ATP-competitive AKT small-molecule inhibitor.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4148686/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4148686/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Banerji, Shantanu -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Rangel-Escareno, Claudia -- Brown, Kristin K -- Carter, Scott L -- Frederick, Abbie M -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Sivachenko, Andrey Y -- Sougnez, Carrie -- Zou, Lihua -- Cortes, Maria L -- Fernandez-Lopez, Juan C -- Peng, Shouyong -- Ardlie, Kristin G -- Auclair, Daniel -- Bautista-Pina, Veronica -- Duke, Fujiko -- Francis, Joshua -- Jung, Joonil -- Maffuz-Aziz, Antonio -- Onofrio, Robert C -- Parkin, Melissa -- Pho, Nam H -- Quintanar-Jurado, Valeria -- Ramos, Alex H -- Rebollar-Vega, Rosa -- Rodriguez-Cuevas, Sergio -- Romero-Cordoba, Sandra L -- Schumacher, Steven E -- Stransky, Nicolas -- Thompson, Kristin M -- Uribe-Figueroa, Laura -- Baselga, Jose -- Beroukhim, Rameen -- Polyak, Kornelia -- Sgroi, Dennis C -- Richardson, Andrea L -- Jimenez-Sanchez, Gerardo -- Lander, Eric S -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Garraway, Levi A -- Golub, Todd R -- Melendez-Zajgla, Jorge -- Toker, Alex -- Getz, Gad -- Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo -- Meyerson, Matthew -- CA089393/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA122099/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA122099/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 20;486(7403):405-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722202" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Breast Neoplasms/*classification/*genetics/pathology ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics ; Core Binding Factor beta Subunit/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Gene Fusion/genetics ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mexico ; Mutation/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Translocation, Genetic/*genetics ; Vietnam
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    De novo mutations in histone-modifying genes in congenital heart disease (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-15
    Description: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect, affecting 0.8% of live births. Many cases occur sporadically and impair reproductive fitness, suggesting a role for de novo mutations. Here we compare the incidence of de novo mutations in 362 severe CHD cases and 264 controls by analysing exome sequencing of parent-offspring trios. CHD cases show a significant excess of protein-altering de novo mutations in genes expressed in the developing heart, with an odds ratio of 7.5 for damaging (premature termination, frameshift, splice site) mutations. Similar odds ratios are seen across the main classes of severe CHD. We find a marked excess of de novo mutations in genes involved in the production, removal or reading of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation, or ubiquitination of H2BK120, which is required for H3K4 methylation. There are also two de novo mutations in SMAD2, which regulates H3K27 methylation in the embryonic left-right organizer. The combination of both activating (H3K4 methylation) and inactivating (H3K27 methylation) chromatin marks characterizes 'poised' promoters and enhancers, which regulate expression of key developmental genes. These findings implicate de novo point mutations in several hundreds of genes that collectively contribute to approximately 10% of severe CHD.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3706629/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3706629/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaidi, Samir -- Choi, Murim -- Wakimoto, Hiroko -- Ma, Lijiang -- Jiang, Jianming -- Overton, John D -- Romano-Adesman, Angela -- Bjornson, Robert D -- Breitbart, Roger E -- Brown, Kerry K -- Carriero, Nicholas J -- Cheung, Yee Him -- Deanfield, John -- DePalma, Steve -- Fakhro, Khalid A -- Glessner, Joseph -- Hakonarson, Hakon -- Italia, Michael J -- Kaltman, Jonathan R -- Kaski, Juan -- Kim, Richard -- Kline, Jennie K -- Lee, Teresa -- Leipzig, Jeremy -- Lopez, Alexander -- Mane, Shrikant M -- Mitchell, Laura E -- Newburger, Jane W -- Parfenov, Michael -- Pe'er, Itsik -- Porter, George -- Roberts, Amy E -- Sachidanandam, Ravi -- Sanders, Stephan J -- Seiden, Howard S -- State, Mathew W -- Subramanian, Sailakshmi -- Tikhonova, Irina R -- Wang, Wei -- Warburton, Dorothy -- White, Peter S -- Williams, Ismee A -- Zhao, Hongyu -- Seidman, Jonathan G -- Brueckner, Martina -- Chung, Wendy K -- Gelb, Bruce D -- Goldmuntz, Elizabeth -- Seidman, Christine E -- Lifton, Richard P -- 5U54HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- F30 HL123238/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG006546/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098123/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098153/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098163/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098123/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098153/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098163/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098188/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jun 13;498(7453):220-3. doi: 10.1038/nature12141. Epub 2013 May 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23665959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Chromatin/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Developmental/genetics ; Heart Diseases/*congenital/*genetics/metabolism ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/chemistry/metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Mutation ; Odds Ratio ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of 1-nitropyrene by thin-layer chromatography in a diesel exhaust particulate extract (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 520-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; Prechromatographic reduction ; Fluorescence stabilization ; Diesel exhaust particulate ; 1-Nitropyrene ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is described for the determination of 1-nitropyrene in a diesel exhaust particulate extract by thin-layer chromatography. 1-Nitropyrene is determined as 1-aminopyrene after prechromatographic reduction and isolation by solvent partition. The fluorescence response of 1-aminopyrene is approximately 1000-fold greater than that of 1-nitropyrene. The poor fluorescence stability of 1-aminopyrene on silica gel plates prevents in situ detection by scanning densitometry unless the plates are impregnated with a mixture of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and Fomblin H-Vac. A linear response from 1 to 150 ng of 1-aminopyrene and a detection limit of 1.0 ng were obtained using the impregnated plates. For fourteen samples of a diesel exhaust particulate extract the concentration of 1-nitropyrene was determined to be 165 μg/g with an RSD = 9.0%. No significant interferences were observed from other nitro- or aminopolycyclic aromatic compounds present in the extract.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070905
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
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    The nuclear receptor PXR is a lithocholic acid sensor that protects against liver toxicity (2001)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-13
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth (2018)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉The Hippo pathway and its nuclear effector Yap regulate organ size and cancer formation. While many modulators of Hippo activity have been identified, little is known about the Yap target genes that mediate these growth effects. Here, we show that 〈i〉yap〈/i〉〈sup〉–/–〈/sup〉 mutant zebrafish exhibit defects in hepatic progenitor potential and liver growth due to impaired glucose transport and nucleotide biosynthesis. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that Yap regulates expression of glucose transporter glut1, causing decreased glucose uptake and use for nucleotide biosynthesis in 〈i〉yap〈/i〉〈sup〉–/–〈/sup〉 mutants, and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. Nucleotide supplementation improves Yap deficiency phenotypes, indicating functional importance of glucose-fueled nucleotide biosynthesis. Yap-regulated 〈i〉glut1〈/i〉 expression and glucose uptake are conserved in mammals, suggesting that stimulation of anabolic glucose metabolism is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which the Hippo pathway controls organ growth. Together, our results reveal a central role for Hippo signaling in glucose metabolic homeostasis.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0261-4189
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2075
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature on behalf of The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).
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  • 7
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    Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth (2018)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈sec〉〈st〉Synopsis〈/st〉〈p〉〈textbox textbox-type="graphic"〉〈p〉〈inline-fig〉〈/inline-fig〉〈/p〉〈/textbox〉〈/p〉 〈p〉The Hippo pathway has emerged as a master regulator of organ size control. Here, genetic models combined with 〈i〉in vivo〈/i〉 metabolomic flux analyses identify Yap as a conserved regulator of glucose metabolism, fueling organogenesis but at the same time acting as a gatekeeper of anabolism against energetic stress.〈/p〉 〈p〉 〈l type="unord"〉〈li〉〈p〉Yap is required for optimal liver growth and hepatoblast development in zebrafish.〈/p〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈p〉Yap regulates expression of the glucose transporter 〈i〉Glut1 in vivo〈/i〉.〈/p〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈p〉Yap-deficient embryos exhibit decreased glycolytic flux into nucleotide biosynthesis.〈/p〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈p〉Metabolic intervention by deoxynucleoside addition rescues the Yap-deficiency growth phenotype.〈/p〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈p〉Regulation of 〈i〉glut1〈/i〉 and glucose uptake by Yap is conserved in mouse hepatocytes.〈/p〉〈/li〉〈/l〉 〈/p〉〈/sec〉
    Print ISSN: 0261-4189
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2075
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature on behalf of The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).
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  • 8
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    Selenoprotein H, redox, and tumor formation [Developmental Biology] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2016-09-21
    Description: Selenium, an essential micronutrient known for its cancer prevention properties, is incorporated into a class of selenocysteine-containing proteins (selenoproteins). Selenoprotein H (SepH) is a recently identified nucleolar oxidoreductase whose function is not well understood. Here we report that seph is an essential gene regulating organ development in zebrafish. Metabolite profiling...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 9
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    Reflection imaging with earthquake sources and dense arrays (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-30
    Description: The M w 5.8 earthquake that occurred in Louisa County, Virginia, on 23 August 2011 provided an opportunity to record with several “high density” seismic arrays, in addition to traditional, sparse temporary seismic networks. Traditional aftershock networks consist of a few dozen stations spread over tens of kilometers. As a result, the recorded seismic waveforms suffer from spatial aliasing that is so severe that many types of waveform processing are not applicable. Here we report the results of recording with a large number of oil industry-type instruments deployed at a spacing that is an order of magnitude closer than in traditional deployments. The objective was to image subsurface structure with array methods, using the aftershocks as sources. The dense array recorded continuously for 12 days and consisted of 172 vertical component seismometers that were placed at 200 – 400 m and a 60-km-long 3-component regional profile with stations every 2 km. We demonstrate how processing techniques from Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) can produce high resolution 3D reflection images of structure beneath the array. These images display reflectivity that correlates with that observed on a nearby deep reflection survey collected by the USGS. Of particular interest is a strong reflector imaged across multiple profiles. Our analysis demonstrates how a surface array of seismometers can provide 3D images of structure using microearthquake sources when wavefields are sampled sufficiently densely.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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