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  • 1
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    Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-09
    Description: Metabolomics studies hold promise for the discovery of pathways linked to disease processes. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Here we used a metabolomics approach to generate unbiased small-molecule metabolic profiles in plasma that predict risk for CVD. Three metabolites of the dietary lipid phosphatidylcholine--choline, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and betaine--were identified and then shown to predict risk for CVD in an independent large clinical cohort. Dietary supplementation of mice with choline, TMAO or betaine promoted upregulation of multiple macrophage scavenger receptors linked to atherosclerosis, and supplementation with choline or TMAO promoted atherosclerosis. Studies using germ-free mice confirmed a critical role for dietary choline and gut flora in TMAO production, augmented macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation. Suppression of intestinal microflora in atherosclerosis-prone mice inhibited dietary-choline-enhanced atherosclerosis. Genetic variations controlling expression of flavin monooxygenases, an enzymatic source of TMAO, segregated with atherosclerosis in hyperlipidaemic mice. Discovery of a relationship between gut-flora-dependent metabolism of dietary phosphatidylcholine and CVD pathogenesis provides opportunities for the development of new diagnostic tests and therapeutic approaches for atherosclerotic heart disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3086762/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3086762/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Zeneng -- Klipfell, Elizabeth -- Bennett, Brian J -- Koeth, Robert -- Levison, Bruce S -- Dugar, Brandon -- Feldstein, Ariel E -- Britt, Earl B -- Fu, Xiaoming -- Chung, Yoon-Mi -- Wu, Yuping -- Schauer, Phil -- Smith, Jonathan D -- Allayee, Hooman -- Tang, W H Wilson -- DiDonato, Joseph A -- Lusis, Aldons J -- Hazen, Stanley L -- K99 HL102223/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K99 HL102223-01A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL028481/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL028481-26A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL030568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL030568-27/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL076491/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL076491-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL087018/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL087018-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL098055/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL098055-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL28481/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HL30568/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P01HL087018-020001/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P20 AA017837/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK080732/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK080732-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL098193/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL103866/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL103866-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL103931/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL103931-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007789/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 DK007789-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32-DK07789/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024989/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024989-05/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 7;472(7341):57-63. doi: 10.1038/nature09922.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21475195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atherosclerosis/chemically induced/genetics/metabolism/microbiology ; Betaine/blood/metabolism ; Biomarkers/blood/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/diagnosis/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Choline/administration & dosage/blood/metabolism/pharmacology ; Diet/adverse effects ; Dietary Fats/blood/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*metabolism/*microbiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Germ-Free Life ; Humans ; Liver/enzymology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Metabolomics ; Methylamines/blood/metabolism/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oxygenases/genetics/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Phosphatidylcholines/administration & dosage/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Receptors, Scavenger/metabolism ; Risk Assessment
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    High-Resolution Genetic Mapping in the Diversity Outbred Mouse Population Identifies Apobec1 as a Candidate Gene for Atherosclerosis (2014)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-16
    Description: Inbred mice exhibit strain-specific variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia that renders them useful in dissecting the genetic architecture of these complex diseases. Traditional quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies using inbred strains often identify large genomic regions, containing many genes, due to limited recombination and/or sample size. This hampers candidate gene identification and translation of these results into possible risk factors and therapeutic targets. An alternative approach is the use of multiparental outbred lines for genetic mapping, such as the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse panel, which can be more informative than traditional two-parent crosses and can aid in the identification of causal genes and variants associated with QTL. We fed 292 female DO mice either a high-fat, cholesterol-containing (HFCA) diet, to induce atherosclerosis, or a low-fat, high-protein diet for 18 wk and measured plasma lipid levels before and after diet treatment. We measured markers of atherosclerosis in the mice fed the HFCA diet. The mice were genotyped on a medium-density single-nucleotide polymorphism array and founder haplotypes were reconstructed using a hidden Markov model. The reconstructed haplotypes were then used to perform linkage mapping of atherosclerotic lesion size as well as plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and glucose. Among our highly significant QTL we detected a ~100 kb QTL interval for atherosclerosis on Chromosome 6, as well as a 1.4 Mb QTL interval on Chromosome 9 for triglyceride levels at baseline and a coincident 22.2 Mb QTL interval on Chromosome 9 for total cholesterol after dietary treatment. One candidate gene within the Chromosome 6 peak region associated with atherosclerosis is Apobec1 , the apolipoprotein B (ApoB) mRNA-editing enzyme, which plays a role in the regulation of ApoB, a critical component of low-density lipoprotein, by editing ApoB mRNA. This study demonstrates the value of the DO population to improve mapping resolution and to aid in the identification of potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. Using a DO mouse population fed an HFCA diet, we were able to identify an A/J-specific isoform of Apobec1 that contributes to atherosclerosis.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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