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  • Articles  (475)
  • Animals  (443)
  • Gas chromatography  (32)
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (443)
  • Springer  (32)
  • 1980-1984  (475)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1982  (475)
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  • Articles  (475)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (443)
  • Springer  (32)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (934)
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  • 1980-1984  (475)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically modified teflon capillary columns for gas chromatography II. Solid surface effects in direct coated columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 641-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Teflon capillary columns ; Chemically modified teflon ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The preparation of teflon capillary columns employing direct coating of the stationary phase to the chemically modified teflon surface and the role of the chemically modified teflon in the separation mechanism are described. Two types of contributions from the modified teflon have been observed: nonspecific adsorption of the carbon surface and specific interactions of polar groups in the carbon skeleton. The use of polar liquid phases can eliminate adsorption due to the presence of polar groups in the modified teflon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279491
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derivatization of amines with chloroformate esters for gas chromatographic analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 60-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Amines ; Derivatization ; Chloroformate esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas chromatographic analysis of amines after conversion to electron capture sensitive carbamates in two-phase systems has been studied. Hydrophilic compounds, for instance methylamine, are reacted with 2,2,2-trichloro-tert. butyl chloroformate. Quantitation below 10−7 M can be made by thermionic or electron capture detection. A hydrophobic amine, namely N,N-dimethyl-n-octylamine, was derivatized with 2,4,6-tribromophenyl chloroformate with addition of iodide ion to the aqueous phase. The favorable effect of iodide ion as well as the choice of pH and chloroformate ester is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258870
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography in open rectangular channels with large aspect ratios (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 98-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Rectangular channel ; Efficiency ; Capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Gas chromatographic experiments have been performed in a truly rectangular channel with a 60∶1 cross-sectional aspect ratio, constructed according to the field-flow fractionation technology. It is shown that the peak broadening is controlled by the thickness of the channel while the maximum load is determined by the largest cross-sectional dimension. However, even with its elongated configuration, the side walls contribute significantly to the band broadening of solutes with a high diffusivity. Good agreement is found between the experimental plate height data and the recent theoretical calculations of Golay [13] taking into account the side-wall effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258877
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of trimethylsilyl-isopropylidene derivatives of sorbose by combined gas chromatography- and mass-spectrometry (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 704-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Isopropyliden-sorboses ; TMS-derivatives ; GC-MS combined technique ; Mass spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method has been developed using gas chromatography — electron impact mass spectrometry for the determination of the di-0-isopropylidene-sorbofuranose and mono-0-isopropylidene-sorbofuranose. The compounds are separated as their trimethylsilyl derivatives on a capillary column coated with the stationary phase SE-52. The mass spectra show that the silylation reaction is quantitiative and that the isopropylidene groups does not change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261889
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 183-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Analysis of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide ; Time normalization method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method, based on the time normalization technique, is described for the analysis of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide in mixtures containing ethylbenzene, acetophenone, 1-phenylethanol, benzaldehyde and phenol. Different liquid phases were tested and the best results were obtained with tricresyl phosphate and neopentyl glycol sebacate. The influence of the support, the liquid loading and the gas velocity are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261537
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retention index values of hydrocarbons on open-tubular columns coated with methylsilicone liquid phases (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 625-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular (capillary) columns ; Comparison of liquid phases ; Influence of temperature ; Retention index data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The influence of temperature and liquid phase film thickness of open-tubular (capillary) columns on the retention index values of hydrocarbons on methylsilicone liquid phases is discussed. Data obtained on methylsilicones and squalane are compared. Retention index values of 43 hydrocarbons between 40 and 70 °C on OV-101 liquid phase are listed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279488
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic study of the drying step of supported catalysts by reversed-flow gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 351-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Supported catalysts ; Reserved-flow GC ; Drying step ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Application of reversed-flow gas chromatography to study the drying step in the preparation of supported catalysts is proposed. It is demonstrated that this technique can be applied to investigate the kinetic law followed, as well as to obtain kinetic parameters of drying (rate constants, activation energies and frequency factors). Amaterial illustrating this application is γ-Al2O3 impregnated with usual organic solvents (n-C5H12,n-C6H14,n-C7H16, CH3COCH3 and CH3CH2OH). It was found that in all cases above a simple first-order law based onone kind of active site is followed. Moreover, it was observed that the activation energyE a of the drying process increases almost linearly with the relative molecular mass of the solvent, whereas for the same solventE a increases with the amount used. The operation of a kinetic compensation effect suggests “similar” activated complexes of the various solvents used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259216
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization, evaluation and in-situ cross-linking of new polar phases in capillary gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillaries ; New polar phases: OV-1701 and RSL-310 ; Immobilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The possibilities of OV-1701 and RSL-310, two new stationary phases, have been evaluated for capillary gas chromatography in fused silica columns. OV-1701 is a cyanopropylphenyldimethyl polysiloxane of moderate polarity possessing excellent chromatographic characteristics. The phase exhibits high coating and chromatographic efficiencies, high temperature stability and is suitable for cross-linking. RSL-310 is a polar liquid stationary phase yet to be permanently bonded in a capillary column. The selectivity of both phases extends the applicability of fused silica columns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258871
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-liquid chromatography of isopropylidene monosaccharides and their trimethylsilyl derivatives (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 241-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Monosaccharides ; Polyols ; GC of TMS derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the gas chromatographic separation of the mixture of isopropylidene monosaccharides, and their trimethylsilyl derivatives. Based on the total analysis time and resolution the best stationary phase was SF-96 using Chromosorb G as the solid support and temperature programming.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265655
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new device for contamination-free injection for gas chromatographic trace estimation of oxygen and nitrogen (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 312-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Injection-port modification ; Oxygen and nitrogen traces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The paper presents a new device modifying normal injection port of a gas chromatograph for eliminating air contamination thus enabling determination of traces of oxygen or nitrogen. Further modification is also proposed which enables the analysis to be carried out with a limited quantity of sample gas. Potential application of this device in the analysis of reactive gases like florine has been indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265684
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence and prevention of isomerization of ligustilide during gas-liquid chromatography on packed columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 358-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Phthalides ; Gas chromatography ; Chromosorb W ; Isomerization ; Ligustilide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary During GLC of naturally occurring mixtures of phthalides on packed columns an artefact was sometimes detected that originated from Z-ligustilide. Active sites of Chromosorb W were responsible for the formation of the artefact, that was assumed to be E-ligustilide as GC-MS revealed that its mass spectrum was identical with that of Z-ligustilide. No isomerization was observed when freshly coated Chromosorb W was used or the support was deactivated by benzoyl chloride or melamine. The identity of the artefact was confirmed by UV irradiation experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259218
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic determination of arsenic in low concentrations in inorganic materials (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 30-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Arsenic ; Inorganic materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the quantitative chlorination and extraction of arsenic as arsenic trichloride from a number of alloys. The conditions for the quantitative gas chromatographic measurement of the volatile chloride have been studied. The proposed method for inorganic materials is very fast giving results within 10 min; sensitive, 1.5·10−13 g As can be detected, simple and accurate. At the ng level of As the error is about 20% with a standard deviation less than 20%, and at the 10pg level the error is about 36% with a standard deviation of 44%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269036
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple preparative chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 765-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Preparative scale chromatography ; Capacity ; Dual-stage separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The capacity of different versions of single- and dual-stage separation of mixtures on a preparative scale is considered. It has been shown that dual-stage separation with intermediate condensation considerably enhances the capacity of the installation as compared with a single-stage process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261373
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High efficiency microbore GC columns using porous bead supports (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Various packed GC column ; Gas chromatography ; Porous layer beads ; GC/MS analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Theoretical comparisons of various packed GC column types are presented with respect to analysis time, efficiency, sample dilution, and sample capacity for a given maximum inlet pressure. In particular, totally porous particles, porous layer beads, and glass beads are compared with one another. It is shown that 30 μm porous layer beads offer a useful compromise between analysis time and plate count with relatively good sample capacity. Moreover, when using 1 mm i.d. columns (microbore), outlet flow rates that are reasonable for direct coupling to magnetic sector mass spectrometers are achieved making these columns suitable for GC/MS. Using 30 μm Zipax porous layer beads, columns yielding 8,000 to 10,000 plates/meter have been produced with inlet pressures of 13 to 26 atm. A simple modification of the injection port converts the maximum inlet pressure of a commercial gas chromatograph to 26 atm. With such pressures, columns in excess of 20,000 plates can be achieved. Chromatograms are presented illustrating the promise of these microbore columns for GC and GC/MS analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290444
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chromatoscopic study of fluorene, indenes and styrene (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Chromatoscopy ; Gas chromatography ; Graphitized carbon black ; Molecular structure and retention ; Aromatic hydrocarbons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A molecular-statistical calculation of the retention volumes at zero sample size on graphitized thermal carbon black is carried out for quasi-rigid molecules of fluorene, indene, 1-methylindene, 2-methylindene and three dimethylindenes. A reasonable agreement is observed between the calculated and the available experimental gas chromatographic data. The potential barrier to internal rotation and the torsional angle in styrene molecules are estimated by comparing theoretically calculated and measured retention volumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265656
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography in qualitative analyses. An investigation of the oxidation of some silicones used as gas chromatographic stationary phases (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Silicone liquid phases ; Oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The on-column oxidation of apolar and polar silicones used as gas chromatographic stationary phases is investigated. Even at 225° the effects of oxidation are found to be slight. Of the materials investigated the methylphenylsilicones are the most stable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259217
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass capillary gas chromatography of chlorinated methyl acetates, propanoates and butanoates on Carbowax 20M and SE-30 columns (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 505-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Glass capillary ; Gas chromatography ; Methyl chloroacetates ; Methyl chloropropanoates ; Methyl chlorobutanoates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas chromatography of all chlorinated methyl acetates, methyl propanoates and methyl mono- and dichlorobutanoates has been studied on Carbowax 20M and SE-30 glass capillary columns under various running conditions. The order of elution on a non-polar column was largely determined by the boiling point of esters, whereas on a polar column it was much influenced by the structure of compounds. Complete separation of the combined mixture of all 27 compounds could not be achieved, however, methyl 3,3-dichlorobutanoate was the only ester overlapped on both columns in spite of the various column temperatures used. The best separation of the mixture was on Carbowax 20M with a temperature program from 50°C at 8°C/min, isothermal running conditions leading either to poor separation of volatile components or long analysis time and broad peaks of higher chlorinated esters. The relative retention times for compounds at the various column temperatures are given and the retention order on a polar and on a non-polar column discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260284
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure and properties of n-octadecanol film present on the surface of a carbon-silica adsorbent (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 517-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carbon-silica adsorbents ; n-Octadecanol film ; Phase transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The properties of the n-octadecanol film on carbon-silica adsorbent (Carbosil) were investigated. It was found that n-octadecanol forms an oriented film on the Carbosil's surface. If the surface of the basic silica gel is not completely covered with carbon, then the phase transition takes place in this film at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of n-octadecanol. One may distinguish two forms of this film, characterised by the different structures and the temperatures of the phase transitions. The first exists on the surface of silica gel unblocked by carbon. This part of the film is a monolayer, in which the alcohol molecules are vertically oriented. The solid compact-liquid expanded type phase transition at the well-defined temperature occurs in this film. In the second part of the film formed on the carbon surface, there is a multilayer of n-octadecanol. Its molecules are probably parallely oriented in relationship to the adsorbent surface. This film desintegrates progressively when the temperature increase. Maximum temperature of this phase transition is lower than the temperature of its analogue on pure silica gel surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260287
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative capillary gas chromatographic analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 546-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Quantitative analysis ; Sample inlet systems ; High-speed analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The attainment of precise quatitative analytical data using open-tubular (capillary) columns in standard, commercially available gas chromatographic instrumentation is demonstrated. Key elements in the design and proper utilization of the instrumentation are discussed. The function of the various sample introduction systems is elaborated and their quantitative performance demonstrated. The extra-column contribution to band-spreading is determined and the resultant data is used assessing the suitability of commercial instrumentation for highspeed capillary gas chromatography. The quantitative analysis of a sample containing some eleven components in less than thirty seconds is shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280373
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal hydrates: an investigation of the use of crystal hydrates as stationary phases in gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 126-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Crystal hydrates as stationary phases ; Mobile Phases containing water ; Selective retentions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The use of crystallohydrates, crystallohydrate solutions and melts as stationary phases in gas chromatography has been proposed. Crystallohydrates have been shown to display high selectivity in the separation of polar organic compounds when use is made of water vapours as the mobile phase. Some aspects of gas-liquid chromatography in water vapours and with the stationary phase comprising crystallohydrates have been studied, and the preliminary results obtained point to the desirability of further progress in this field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258882
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenols in whisky (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 201-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Phenols ; Whisky ; Gas chromatography ; Aroma compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Twelve volatile phenols were identified in whisky by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Of these phenols 2,4-dimethylphenol was found for the first time in the aroma of whisky. The content of phenol, o-, m-, and p-cresol, guaiacol, p-ethylphenol, p-ethylguaiacol and eugenol in whiskies originating from different countries was determined by gas chromatography as their 2,4-dinitrophenyl ethers using electron capture detection. The results show that Scotch whiskies differ from others in the content of o-, m-, and p-cresol. The odour threshold values of phenols studied were determined in a 10% (v/v) ethanol-water mixture and in some cases also in the whiskies. Cresols have been found to make contribution to the aroma of Scotch whisky.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258900
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  • 22
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    From gas chromatography to gaia (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 26-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Ionization detectors ; Gaia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper is an account of the development of the gaia hypothesis as seen through the eyes of a gas chromatographer. Gaia is a radical notion about the Earth which postulates the climate and chemical composition to be regulated at an optimum by and for life. Gas chromatography played an important role in the gathering of evidence for the hypothesis but most significantly the art of inventing detectors lead to the developement of a planetary life detector through which gaia was revealed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258864
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  • 23
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    Hydrocarbon type analysis by gas chromatograph using a single capillary column and a multi-column valve system (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 282-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Naphtha analysis ; Gasoline analysis ; Hydrocarbon type analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Two different gas chromatographic methods are used for the determination of hydrocarbon type distribution in naphtha and gasoline samples with final boiling points up to 275 °C. The methods are based either on a single capillary column or on a valve-switched packed column system. Both methods give extensive information on paraffins, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics in total as well as by carbon-number. In each case the analysis is fully automated with a computer controlling the entire analysis from injection to results presentation. The advantages and limitations of both methods are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258920
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  • 24
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    Trace analysis of free hydroxyacids by gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 322-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Graphitized carbon black supports ; Determination of hydroxyacids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Acid-washed graphitized carbon black (Carbopakc B) modified with trimesic adic and PEG 20M has proved to be effective for quantitative analysis of underivatized low molecular weight hydroxyacids. Calibration data revealed good linear relationships between relative peak area and concentration for lactic and 3-hydroxybutyric acids down to 0.05 mmol/l. The packing material was suitable for the analysis of aqueous solutions of hydroxyacids as it is tolerant to injections of water over a prolonged period of use. The GC system developed has been applied to the analysis of some hydroxyacids of biomedical interest in blood plasma and lactic acid contained in wine and beer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258930
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  • 25
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    Trace determination of amines and other nitrogen containing compounds with a modiefied thermal energy analyzer (TEATM) (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 354-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Modified thermal energy analyzer ; Selective detection of nitrogen compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A modification to the TEATM Analyzer is described, which allows it to be used as a highly selective GC detector for nitrogen compounds as well as for N-nitrosamines and nitro compounds. The modified Analyzer is as sensitive as the AFID, but has a much higher selectivity towards nitrogen compounds than the AFID. Its response appears to be molar, with an output that is dependent only on the number of nitrogen atoms present. The performance of the modified Analyzer for the analysis of ammonia, amines,N-nitrosamines, nitriles and organonitro compounds is reported and discussed, as is its application to the detection of these compounds in bacon and beer samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258937
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  • 26
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    Evaluation of the working conditions of light adsorbents and their use as sampling material for the GC analysis of organic air pollutants in work areas (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 712-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Graphizized carbon black traps ; Organic air pollutants ; Work areas ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The use of traps containing graphitized carbon black for the collection and pre-analysis of atmospheric pollutants in industrial areas is presented. The working conditions, in terms of trapping capability and effectiveness of release by thermal desorption are discussed. Some practical applications are also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261891
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    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Van der Waals' volume of ethers, esters, carbonyls and alcohols on retention in gas chromatography stationary phases of different polyrity (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 771-775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Van der Waals' volume ; Polarity of stationary phase ; Retention index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Equations for Retention Index (I) versus Van der Waals, volume (Vw) on squalane are studied for alcohols, carbonyls, esters and ethers. Each equation includes linear and branching substances with different positions of the functional group in the carbon chain. The study is extended to stationary phases with polarities from 4.29 to 91.54 on the Tarjan et al. scale. Variations of the slope and origin ordinate values with the polarity of the stationary phase are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261375
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast analysis by gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Capillary columns ; Fast analysis ; Gas chromatography ; Instrumental effects ; Optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The efficiency of fast GC columns depends largely on the quality of the chromatograph. A theoretical and experimental study shows the relative importance of the various phenomena involved and permits the optimization of a GC System. Extremely good performances, exceeding 2,500 plates per second have been routinely obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290445
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rapid gas chromatographic method for the analysis of acidic fermentation products (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 180-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Acidic fermentation products ; Characterisation ; Gas chromatography ; Methyl esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A rapid and simple method for the identification of acidic fermentation products is described. Methyl esters of volatile and non-volatile acids are separated on a single chromatographic column. Retention time data for a number of acids are tabulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261536
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retention index, connectivity index and Van der Waals' volume of alkanes (GLC) (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 521-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Connectivity index ; Van der Waals' volume ; Alkanes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The relationships between retention index and Van der Waals' volume and between retention index and connectivity index have been studied for 58 different alkanes (C1−C9) on squalane. The correlation coefficient for the former is higher than for the latter. From these equations a linear relationship between Van der Waals' volume and connectivity index is obtained which indicates that the two parameters are equivalent. A simple method for calculating the Van der Waals' volume of alkanes is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260288
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apparatus for manufacturing flexible fused silica columns for gas liquid chromatography. Part I. The drawing process (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 15 (1982), S. 569-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Fused silica capillaries ; Capillary drawing ; Glass capillaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A compact description is given of a simple and reliable method of drawing flexible fused silica capillary for gas chromatography. Some emphasis is given to the fact that the practices of drawing optical fibres should not be followed too slavishly so this leads to unnecessarily complicated and expensive equipment. Satisfactory capillary column silica tubing can be made with straightfoward extension of the method developed earlier for drawing thick walled capillary. A simple glass/silica hydrogen oxygen diffusion flame bumer is described for fusing the preform tubing at the draw point which is enclosed by a water cooled glass enclosure to trap evaporated silica and maintain the operation under dust free conditions. The uniformity of the capillary diameter is better than 5% which is adequate for most gas chromatographic purposes. The second part of the paper yet to be published will cover the methods developed for coating the capillary both internally and externally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280376
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New uses of thermionic ionization detectors in gas chromatography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 107-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermionic ionization ; Catalytic flame ionization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A newly designed thermionic detector was operated in two modes of thermionic ionization detection (TID), and a third mode of catalytic flame ionization detection (CFID). Operating modes were varied by changing the composition of the electrically-heated thermionic/catalytic source, and the composition of gases supplied to the detector. A TID-2 source activated by a low concentration of Cs/ceramic was operated in a dilute H2/air environment and provided specific responses to nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. A TID-1 source activated by a high concentration of Cs/ceramic was operated in a N2 environment and provided very high specificities and picogram detectivities to compounds containing electronegative functional groups such as the NO2 group. A CFID source formed from Ni/ceramic was operated in a H2/air flame environment and provided universal responses to all organics with enhanced responses to some heteroatom compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258879
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    Ontogeny of gastric acid secretion in the rat: evidence for multiple response systems (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: Gastric acid secretion has been thought to depend on histamine stimulation of the parietal cell. However, in the 2-week-old rat neither exogenous histamine nor the H-2 receptor agonist impromidine stimulates acid secretion, whereas pentagastrin and the cholinergic agent bethanechol are potent stimuli. At this age, the effect of pentagastrin in acid secretion is not blocked by the H-2 receptor antagonist cimetidine, nor is it potentiated by impromidine. These data suggest that, in the rat pup, the acid secretory response to pentagastrin and cholinergic agents occurs before the histamine-mediated system is functional and operates independently of the actions of histamine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ackerman, S H -- K1-MH00077/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-AM-18804/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6211765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Bethanechol Compounds/pharmacology ; Gastric Juice/drug effects/*secretion ; Gastric Mucosa/growth & development ; Guanidines/pharmacology ; Histamine/pharmacology ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Impromidine ; Pentagastrin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Histamine H2/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Sensitivity to carcinogenesis in nude mice: skin tumors caused by transplacental exposure to ethylnitrosourea (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-12
    Description: Female athymic nude mice and their phenotypically normal littermates were exposed transplacentally to ethylnitrosourea. Skin tumors (papillomas and sebaceous adenomas) developed on the nude mice with an almost tenfold greater incidence than on their haired littermates. Skin tumors were also induced on nude mice but not haired controls by direct intraperitoneal treatment with ethylnitrosourea. These results indicate that nude mice have higher than normal susceptibility to carcinogenesis under some circumstances.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, L M -- Last-Barney, K -- Budinger, J M -- CA 08748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 22498/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):682-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoma/chemically induced ; Animals ; *Ethylnitrosourea ; Female ; *Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Mice ; Mice, Nude/*physiology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; *Nitrosourea Compounds ; Pregnancy ; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Skin Neoplasms/*chemically induced
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Primary changes of membrane currents during retention of associative learning (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-05
    Description: A single identified neuron was repeatedly isolated by axotomy from the central nervous system of the nudibranch mollusk Hermissenda crassicornis. An early voltage-dependent outward K+ current of this neuron was reduced and more rapidly inactivated for animals previously trained with paired but not randomized light and rotation. Since this current change can affect interneuron and motorneuron output via known synaptic pathways, it helps explain a long-lasting behavioral change that shows the defining features of vertebrate associative learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alkon, D L -- Lederhendler, I -- Shoukimas, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 5;215(4533):693-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Association Learning/*physiology ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Learning/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Mollusca ; Neurons/*physiology ; Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Potassium/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Rapid and precise down regulation of fast axonal transport of transmitter in an identified neuron (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-26
    Description: Within 1 day after the removal of one branch of the bifurcated axon of an identified neuron in Aplysia, the cell body reduced its output of transmitter storage vesicles to adjust precisely for the decreased need. This adjustment terminated the initial consequence of the removal, the transport of an inappropriately large number of vesicles to the remaining synapses. The most likely cause of the reduction of transport of transmitter is the loss of information normally provided by the disconnected axon or synapses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aletta, J M -- Goldberg, D J -- GM 07182/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS 14711/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 26;218(4575):913-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6182616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aplysia/physiology ; *Axonal Transport ; Axons/*physiology ; Biological Transport ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Serotonin/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Prenatal and neonatal exposure to cimetidine results in gonadal and sexual dysfunction in adult males (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-29
    Description: Exposure of rats to cimetidine during intrauterine life and the immediate neonatal period results in hypoandrogenization in adult life with decreased weights of androgen-dependent tissues and decreased concentrations of testosterone. Moreover, sexual behavior patterns in adult life are disturbed as shown by a lack of sexual motivation and decreased performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anand, S -- Van Thiel, D H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):493-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling ; Cimetidine/metabolism/*toxicity ; Female ; Guanidines/*toxicity ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/drug effects ; Rats ; Sex Differentiation/*drug effects ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    24-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3: is it required for embryonic development in chicks? (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-30
    Description: As shown previously, laying hens given 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as their sole source of vitamin D produce fertile eggs having normal shells, but only 35 to 55 percent of the embryos are normal. Giving these hens additional 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, or 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 at 1.25 nanomoles per day resulted in 90 to 100 percent normal embryos, and hence, hatchability. Since 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 cannot be 24-hydroxylated, 24-hydroxylation is not required for this function of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ameenuddin, S -- Sunde, M -- DeLuca, H F -- Ikekawa, N -- Kobayashi, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 30;217(4558):451-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6979782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 ; Animal Feed ; Animals ; Calcifediol ; Calcitriol/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Chick Embryo/*growth & development ; Chickens/metabolism ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/pharmacology ; Female ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Hydroxylation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Rhodamine-123 selectively reduces clonal growth of carcinoma cells in vitro (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: Rhodamine-123, a cationic laser dye, markedly reduced the clonal growth of carcinoma cells but had little effect on nontumorigenic epithelial cells in vitro. This selective inhibitory effect of Rhodamine-123 on some carcinomas is unusual since known anticancer drugs, such as arabinosyl cytosine and methotrexate, have not been shown to exhibit such selectivity in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernal, S D -- Lampidis, T J -- Summerhayes, I C -- Chen, L B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1117-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinoma/*drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy ; Rhodamine 123 ; Rhodamines/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Gene transfer between eukaryotes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benveniste, R E -- Todaro, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 24;217(4566):1202.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Eukaryotic Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Retroviridae/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Relaxation of isolated gastric smooth muscle cells by vasoactive intestinal peptide (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-30
    Description: Vasoactive intestinal peptide caused a prompt, dose-dependent relaxation of isolated gastric smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig and a significant increase in intracellular adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate coincidentally with optimum relaxation. Relaxation was augmented by a threshold concentration of isobutyl methylxanthine. The direct relaxant effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide and the distribution of nerves containing this peptide to circular smooth muscle support the view that vasoactive intestinal peptide is the neuromuscular transmitter of enteric inhibitory nerves.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bitar, K N -- Makhlouf, G M -- AM-15564/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-28300/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 30;216(4545):531-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6176025" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; Gastrointestinal Hormones/*pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Muscle Contraction/*drug effects ; Muscle Relaxation/*drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth/*drug effects ; Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology ; Stomach/drug effects/*innervation ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Reduced leucine-enkephalin--like immunoreactive substance in hamster basal ganglia after long-term ethanol exposure (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-25
    Description: Golden Syrian hamsters were placed individually in cages with three drinking bottles--one empty, one containing water, and the third containing water and ethanol. Control hamsters received water only. After 1 year the experimental hamsters showed a significantly lower concentration of leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactive substance in the basal ganglia than the control hamsters. This finding indicates that the action of ethanol involves endogenous peptidyl opiates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blum, K -- Briggs, A H -- Elston, S F -- DeLallo, L -- Sheridan, P J -- Sar, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 25;216(4553):1425-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basal Ganglia/*drug effects ; Cricetinae ; Endorphins/*analysis ; Enkephalin, Leucine ; Enkephalins/*analysis/metabolism ; Ethanol/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mesocricetus ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Role for the adenosine triphosphate-dependent proteolytic pathway in reticulocyte maturation (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-19
    Description: As reticulocytes mature into erythrocytes, organelles and many enzymes are lost. Protein degradation during reticulocyte maturation was measured by monitoring the release of tyrosine from cell proteins. Proteolysis in rabbit red blood cells was directly proportional to the number of reticulocytes and was low in erythrocytes. This process was inhibited by blockers of cellular adenosine triphosphate production and by agents, such as o-phenanthroline, N-ethylmaleimide, and hemin, which inhibit the soluble adenosine triphosphate-dependent proteolytic system. The breakdown of endogenous proteins in reticulocyte extracts was also inhibited by these agents and required adenosine triphosphate. Inhibitors of lysosomal function, however, did not affect proteolysis. Thus, the proteolytic system that degrades abnormal proteins also catalyzes the elimination of proteins during red cell development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boches, F S -- Goldberg, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 19;215(4535):978-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7156977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/*physiology ; Animals ; Blood Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology ; Deoxyglucose/pharmacology ; Dinitrophenols/pharmacology ; Lysosomes/enzymology ; Rabbits ; Reticulocytes/*physiology ; Tyrosine/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Measurement of intracellular free calcium in monkey kidney cells with aequorin (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-16
    Description: A method has been developed for the measurement of intracellular free calcium in mammalian cells. The calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin can be incorporated into isolated cells by hypo-osmotic treatment without altering the cell viability, permeability, or metabolism. Intracellular calcium activity (Cai2+) was monitored in a perfusion system. In monkey kidney cells (LLC-MK2), Cai2+ is approximately 57 nanomoles per liter. Changes in Cai2+ with time can also be followed: exposure of the cells to anaerobiosis or the calcium ionophore A23187 reversibly increases Cai2+. The method has also been successfully tested in rat hepatocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borle, A B -- Snowdowne, K W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 16;217(4556):252-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6806904" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aequorin ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Kidney/drug effects/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; *Luminescent Proteins ; Macaca mulatta
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Mice regrow the tips of their foretoes (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-20
    Description: Mice will replace the tip of a foretoe when it is amputated distal to the last interphalangeal joint. Amputation of the digit more proximal to the joint does not result in regrowth of the foretoe. Though this growth shares certain similarities with the epimorphic regeneration of amphibian limbs, the two processes are not the same. The regrowth reported here in mice is probably similar to the scattered clinical reports of fingertips regeneration in children, and presents a model system with which to explore the controls of wound healing and tissue reconstruction in mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Borgens, R B -- CA 20920/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS 18456/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 20;217(4561):747-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100922" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amputation ; Animals ; Child ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; *Regeneration ; Toe Joint ; Toes/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Wound Healing
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    Animals in the laboratory (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-05-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowden, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 14;216(4547):682, 684.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; *Research Design
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    Micromolar affinity benzodiazepine receptors: identification and characterization in central nervous system (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-06-11
    Description: Receptors that selectively bind micromolar concentrations of benzodiazepines are present in rat brain membrane. These micromolar receptors exhibit saturable, stereospecific binding, and the potency of benzodiazepine binding to these receptors is correlated with the ability of the benzodiazepines to inhibit maximum electric shock-induced convulsions. Benzodiazepine receptors with nanomolar affinity differ from the micromolar receptors in their binding, kinetic, and pharmacologic characteristics. The micromolar receptors also bind phenytoin, a non-benzodiazepine anticonvulsant. These results provide evidence for a distinct class of clinically relevant benzodiazepine receptors that may regulate neuronal excitability and anticonvulsant activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowling, A C -- DeLorenzo, R J -- NS 1352/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 11;216(4551):1247-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6281893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepines/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Benzodiazepinones/metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/antagonists & inhibitors ; Diazepam/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Fast axonal transport in extruded axoplasm from squid giant axon (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: Development of video-enhanced contrast-differential interference contrast for light microscopy has permitted study of both orthograde and retrograde fast axonal transport of membranous organelles in the squid giant axon. This process was found to continue normally for hours after the axoplasm was extruded from the giant axon and removed from the confines of the axonal plasma membrane. It is now possible to follow the movements of the full range of membranous organelles (30-nanometer vesicles to 5000-nanometer mitochondria) in a preparation that lacks a plasma membrane or other permeability barrier. This observation demonstrates that the plasma membrane is not required for fast axonal transport and suggests that action potentials are not involved in the regulation of fast transport. Furthermore, the absence of a permeability barrier surrounding the axoplasm makes this an important model for biochemical pharmacological, and physical manipulations of membranous organelle transport.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brady, S T -- Lasek, R J -- Allen, R D -- GM27284/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS07118/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS15731/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1129-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6183745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/physiology ; Animals ; *Axonal Transport ; Axons/*physiology ; Biological Transport, Active ; Cell-Free System ; Cytoplasmic Granules/physiology ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Decapodiformes ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology ; Microscopy/methods ; Microtubules/physiology ; Motion Pictures as Topic
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    Anatomical plasticity and sparing of function after spinal cord damage in neonatal cats (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-06
    Description: Spinal cord damage in neonatal cats has different effects on different spinal pathways. Corticospinal projections exhibit anatomical plasticity, forming an aberrant pathway that bypasses the lesion. In contrast, brainstem-spinal pathways undergo massive retrograde degeneration. Neither of these responses occurs in adult cats. Sparing of motor function is found in cats operated on as neonates but not in cats operated on as adults, and appears to depend on the plasticity of the corticospinal tract.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bregman, B S -- Goldberger, M E -- GM06772/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS16629/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 6;217(4559):553-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*physiology ; Brain Stem/pathology ; Cats/*physiology ; Horseradish Peroxidase/metabolism ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Motor Cortex/pathology ; Neural Pathways/physiopathology ; *Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons, Efferent/metabolism ; Retrograde Degeneration ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*physiopathology
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    Stereoisomers of N-allylnormetazocine: phencyclidine-like behavioral effects in squirrel monkeys and rats (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: (+/-)-N-Allylnormetazocine is a benzomorphan opioid with psychotomimetic effects. The pure stereoisomers of this compound, as well as the racemic mixture, were compared to phencyclidine for their behavioral effects on squirrel monkeys and rats trained to discriminate phencyclidine from saline. Dose-response determinations were made for responses to phencyclidine, to a racemic mixture of N-allylnormetazocine, and to the pure levo and dextro isomers of N-allylnormetazocine. In both rats and monkeys, the dextro isomer and the racemic mixture produced dose-dependent responses appropriate for phencyclidine; the levo isomer did not produce the responses appropriate for phencyclidine at any of the doses tested. In both species, the levo isomer was more potent than the dextro isomer in decreasing the rate of responding. Thus racemic N-allylnormetazocine is a mixture of compounds that produce different behavioral effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brady, K T -- Balster, R L -- May, E L -- DA-00490/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-01442/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):178-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6274022" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Phenazocine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Phencyclidine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Opioid/drug effects ; Saimiri ; Stereoisomerism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Reversal of morphine disruption of maternal behavior by concurrent treatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: Rats whose pregnancies were surgically terminated on day 17 of gestation were injected with morphine, morphine plus naloxone hydrochloride, or saline, and then tested for maternal responsiveness toward foster young. Morphine treatment alone significantly disrupted the rate of onset and quality of maternal responsiveness. Concurrent administration of naloxone to morphine-injected rats reinstated the rapid onset of behavioral responsiveness toward foster young, such that the responsiveness of the rats treated with both morphine and naloxone was indistinguishable from that shown by saline-injected controls. The disruptive effects of morphine did not appear to result from a general reduction in activity levels as measured in an open-field apparatus. These findings suggest that the normal onset and maintenance of maternal behavior in the rat may be regulated by endogenous opiates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bridges, R S -- Grimm, C T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):166-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123227" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Drug Antagonism ; Female ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Naloxone/*pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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    T-lymphocyte immunology and hominoid evolution (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cartmill, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 10;218(4577):1145.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6983135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Humans ; Primates/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Muscular contraction: kinetics of crossbridge attachment studied by high-frequency stiffness measurements (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: Instantaneous stiffness of frog skeletal muscle, an indication of the proportion of attached crossbridges, was determined drug the tetanus rise and after a step length change imposed during the tetanus plateau. During the onset of contraction as well as after a step, the ratio of stiffness to force differed from that determined during the tetanus plateau. The data after a step are predicted by the Huxley-Simmons model of muscular contraction, but the results during the rise suggest that a long-lived state may exist between crossbridge attachment and force generation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cecchi, G -- Griffiths, P J -- Taylor, S -- NS 14268/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):70-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6979780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Mathematics ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscles/physiology/ultrastructure ; Rana temporaria
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    Long-term synaptic potentiation in the superior cervical ganglion (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-03-12
    Description: Brief tetanic stimulation of the preganglionic nerves to the superior cervical ganglion enhances the postganglionic response to single preganglionic stimuli for 1 to 3 hours. This long-term potentiation of transmission through the ganglion is apparently not attributable to a persistent muscarinic action of the preganglionic neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, since neither the magnitude nor the time course of the phenomenon is reduced by atropine. The decay of long-term potentiation can be described by a first-order kinetic process with a mean time constant of 80 minutes. We conclude that long-term potentiation, once considered a unique property of the hippocampus, is in fact a more general feature of synaptic function. This form of synaptic memory may significantly influence information processing and control in other regions of the nervous system, including autonomic ganglia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, T H -- McAfee, D A -- 12116/PHS HHS/ -- NS 16576/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 12;215(4538):1411-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6278593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Learning/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Rats ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Time Factors
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    Radiosensitization of hypoxic tumor cells by depletion of intracellular glutathione (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-08-06
    Description: Depletion of glutathione in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro by diethyl maleate resulted in enhancement of the effect of x-rays on cell survival under hypoxic conditions but not under oxygenated conditions. Hypoxic EMT6 tumor cells were similarly sensitized in vivo. The action of diethyl maleate is synergistic with the effect of the electron-affinic radiosensitizer misonidazole, suggesting that the effectiveness of misonidazole in cancer radiotherapy may be improved by combining it with drugs that deplete intracellular glutathione.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bump, E A -- Yu, N Y -- Brown, J M -- CA-15201/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CM-87207/CM/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 6;217(4559):544-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anoxia ; Cell Survival/drug effects/*radiation effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Drug Synergism ; Glutathione/*metabolism ; Maleates/administration & dosage ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Misonidazole/administration & dosage ; Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism ; *Oxygen Consumption
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    OSHA policy on carcinogens (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cowan, M D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):884.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carcinogens ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases/chemically induced ; United States ; *United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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    Deficiency of functional messenger RNA for a developmentally regulated beta-crystallin polypeptide in a hereditary cataract (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-30
    Description: The messenger RNA for a beta-crystallin polypeptide with a molecular size of 27 kilodaltons, first detected 5 to 10 days after birth in the normal mouse lens and the Nakano mouse cataract, was not detected in the Philly mouse cataract with translation in vitro. The heterozygous Philly lens had intermediate levels of the 27-kilodalton beta-crystallin polypeptide and exhibited delayed onset of the cataract. The deficiency of functional 27-kilodalton beta-crystallin messenger RNA is the earliest lesion reported yet for the Philly lens and points to a transcriptional or posttranscriptional developmental defect in this hereditary cataract.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carper, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 30;217(4558):463-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6178163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cataract/*genetics ; Cell-Free System ; Crosses, Genetic ; Crystallins/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins ; RNA/genetics ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
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    Ethanol in low doses augments calcium-mediated mechanisms measured intracellularly in hippocampal neurons (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-15
    Description: The electrophysiological effects of ethanol in low doses (5 to 20 millimoles per liter or 23 to 92 milligrams per 100 milliliters) were examined intracellularly in CA1 cells of rat hippocampus in vitro. Inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials were increased when ethanol was applied to the respective synaptic terminal regions. Postsynaptically, ethanol caused a moderate hyperpolarization with increased membrane conductance, even when synaptic transmission was blocked. Ethanol augmented the hyperpolarization that followed repetitive firing or that followed the eliciting of calcium spikes in the presence of tetrodotoxin, but not the rapid afterhyperpolarization in calcium-free medium. Ethanol appears to augment calcium-mediated mechanisms both pre- and postsynaptically.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlen, P L -- Gurevich, N -- Durand, D -- R01 NS16660-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 15;215(4530):306-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/*drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Potassium/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Synaptic Membranes/drug effects ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
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    Development of mouse embryos in vitro: preimplantation to the limb bud stage (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Mouse embryos were grown successfully in vitro from the blastocyst stage to the limb bud stage. Mouse blastocysts grown in vitro for 10 days showed blood circulation in the yilk sac, forelimb buds, and the primordia of liver, pancreas, and lungs. These characteristics are indicative of a developmental stage equivalent to one-half of the total gestation period in utero. Improvements in culture conditions from days 7 to 9 have made it feasible to culture mouse blastocysts beyond the early somite stage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, L T -- Hsu, Y C -- AM 19535/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 28550/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):66-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*physiology ; Cell Differentiation ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; Embryo, Mammalian/*physiology ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Yolk Sac/physiology
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    High angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the neurohypophysis of Brattleboro rats (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-05-07
    Description: The activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme is significantly higher in the intermediate and posterior pituitary lobes of Brattleboro rats than in Long-Evans control rats. The high activity level was reversed by vasopressin treatment. Conversely, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was significantly lower in the anterior pituitary of Brattleboro rats than in Long-Evans rats, and this activity level was not affected by vasopressin. these findings suggest an inverse relation between vasopressin and angiotensin systems in the posterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chevillard, C -- Saavedra, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 7;216(4546):646-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6280284" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diabetes Insipidus/*enzymology/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/*metabolism ; Pituitary Gland, Posterior/*enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Mutant Strains/*physiology ; Vasopressins/*physiology
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    In vitro Evidence for two distinct hippocampal growth factors: basis of neuronal plasticity? (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: The rat hippocampal formation was tested for the presence of factors that would accelerate neurite extension from chick parasympathetic (ciliary ganglion) or sympathetic (lumbar chain) neurons in vitro. Two growth factors were identified in extracts of this brain region. One accelerated neurite extension from sympathetic neurons and was blocked by antiserum to nerve growth factor. The other accelerated neurite extension from parasympathetic neurons but was not affected by the antiserum. These results suggest that specific growth factors account for the specificity of neuronal sprouting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crutcher, K A -- Collins, F -- NS 17131/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):67-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Ganglia, Parasympathetic/physiology ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/physiology ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology
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    Substantia nigra: site of anticonvulsant activity mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-17
    Description: Localization of the anatomic substrate for anticonvulsant activity mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was examined using intracerebral injections of GABA agonists. Blockade of tonic hindlimb extension in the maximal electroshock test and blockade of tonic and clonic seizures produced by pentylenetetrazole and bicuculline were obtained by elevating GABA in the ventral midbrain tegmentum. Elevation of GABA in forebrain and hindbrain areas had no effect on convulsant activity. Blockade of tonic and clonic seizures was also obtained after microinjections of the direct GABA receptor agonist, muscimol, into the midbrain. The substantia nigra was identified as the critical midbrain site for GABA-mediated anticonvulsant activity. Local injection of GABA agonists into the midbrain provided seizure protection without a widespread augmentation of GABA-mediated activity throughout the brain and without impairing either alertness or motor function. Synapses in the substantia nigra appear to represent an important control mechanism for inhibiting the propagation of generalized convulsions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iadarola, M J -- Gale, K -- DA 02206/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH32359/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 17;218(4578):1237-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146907" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Brain Mapping ; GABA Antagonists ; Male ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Pentylenetetrazole/pharmacology ; Rats ; Seizures/*physiopathology ; Substantia Nigra/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*physiology
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    Calcium ionophore polarizes ooplasmic segregation in ascidian eggs (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-30
    Description: Calcium ionophore A23187 promotes ooplasmic segregation and orange crescent formation in eggs of the ascidian Boltenia villosa. When eggs were exposed to a gradient A23187 the orange crescent was induced to form in the region corresponding to the highest concentration of ionophore. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that a local increase in intracellular calcium polarizes cytoplasmic localization in the ascidian embryo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeffery, W R -- 232-HDO-7098/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-13970/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 30;216(4545):545-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6803360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Calcimycin/*pharmacology ; Calcium/*physiology ; Cell Compartmentation/drug effects ; Cytoplasm/ultrastructure ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Ovum/*drug effects/ultrastructure ; Urochordata
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    Growth hormone stimulates longitudinal bone growth directly (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-06-11
    Description: Local administration of human growth hormone in vivo to the cartilage growth plate of the proximal tibia of hypophysectomized rats resulted in accelerated longitudinal bone growth. This finding suggests that growth hormone directly stimulates the cells in the growth plate, and does not support the theory that the increase in the plasma concentration of somatomedin that follows growth hormone administration is the cause of this stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Isaksson, O G -- Jansson, J O -- Gause, I A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 11;216(4551):1237-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Development/*drug effects ; Bone and Bones/*drug effects ; Growth Hormone/*pharmacology ; Male ; Prolactin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Somatomedins/pharmacology ; Stimulation, Chemical
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    Naloxone antagonism of the thermoregulatory effects of phencyclidine (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-24
    Description: Phencyclidine elicits hyperthermia at low doses and hypothermia at high doses in rats. Naloxone antagonizes both effects. Phencyclidine's effects on thermo-regulation are probably mediated by an interaction with a mu opiate receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glick, S D -- Guido, R A -- DA 02534/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 70082/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 24;217(4566):1272-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6287581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Temperature Regulation/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Phencyclidine/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects
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    Serotonin analog selectively ablates indentified neurons in the leech embryo (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-16
    Description: Exposure of embryonic leeches to 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine a cytotoxic analog of the monoamine neurotransmitter serotonin, results in the selective ablation of serotonin-containing neurons in the ventral nerve cord. Other neurons appear to be unaffected by this treatment, including those that contain another monoamine neurotransmitter, dopamine. Embryos with ablations continue to develop into juvenile leeches, but as juveniles they are unable to make normal swimming movements. However, normal swimming movements can be instated in such leeches by injecting them with serotonin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glover, J C -- Kramer, A P -- GM 07048/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS 06456/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 12818/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 16;216(4543):317-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Dihydroxytryptamines/*pharmacology ; Leeches/*drug effects/embryology ; Locomotion/drug effects ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Serotonin/analogs & derivatives/physiology
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    Receptors for maleylated proteins regulate secretion of neutral proteases by murine macrophages (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-05
    Description: Receptors for maleylated or acetylated proteins as well as for alpha-2-macroglobulin-protease complexes on macrophages serve as scavengers by mediating the uptake of macromolecules from the extracellular compartment. Described in this report is a novel function of these receptors on macrophages: regulation of neutral protease secretion. The binding of maleylated bovine serum albumin to macrophages triggered secretion of three neutral proteases: neutral caseinases, plasminogen activator, and cytolytic proteinase. Release of acid phosphatase, however, was not induced. An important biological consequence of protease secretion by macrophages, tumor-cytolysis, was also triggered by engagement of the receptor for maleylated bovine serum albumin. By contrast, the binding of alpha-2-macroglobulin-protease complexes to the macrophages suppressed secretion of all three proteases. Thus two receptors heretofore believed to serve principally as scavengers also regulate secretory functions of macrophages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, W J -- Pizzo, S V -- Imber, M J -- Adams, D O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 5;218(4572):574-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6289443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Macrophages/*enzymology ; *Metalloendopeptidases ; Mice ; Peptide Hydrolases/*secretion ; Plasminogen Activators/secretion ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*physiology
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    Evidence that glucose "marks" beta cells resulting in preferential release of newly synthesized insulin (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Studies of isolated islets labeled with radioactive leucine show that glucose at a critical time "marks" islets in such a way as to cause preferential release of newly synthesized insulin. The preferential release of insulin from marked islets is relatively independent of subsequent secretagogues or rates of insulin secretion. Previous kinetic studies have indicated that the critical time at which marking occurs is after proinsulin biosynthesis but before the secretory event. Thus, secretory cells may regulate the diversion of newly synthesized material for immediate release as it is approaching or transiting the Golgi apparatus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gold, G -- Gishizky, M L -- Grodsky, G M -- AM 01410/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):56-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6181562" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin/biosynthesis/*secretion ; Islets of Langerhans/drug effects/*secretion ; Kinetics ; Leucine ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Tolbutamide/pharmacology
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    Serial position curve in rats: role of the dorsal hippocampus (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: In an eight-arm radial maze, normal rats demonstrated good immediate retention for the order of first items (primacy component of serial position curve) and last items (recency component of serial position curve) of an eight-item (arm) list. In contrast, rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions displayed, on an immediate retention test, disruption of the primacy but not the recency component of the serial position curve. Furthermore, imposing a 10-minute delay before the retention test impaired all components of the serial position curve. These results support correspondence in mnemonic function of the hippocampus in animals and humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kesner, R P -- Novak, J M -- RR07092-12/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):173-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Hippocampus/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Rats ; *Serial Learning
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    Adenosine triphosphate synthesis coupled to K+ influx in mitochondria (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-05-14
    Description: The influx of K+ into swollen mitochondria in the presence of valinomycin results in the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate in which approximately one H+ disappears per adenosine triphosphate synthesized. The synthesis is blocked by atractyloside but is insensitive to oligomycin and relatively insensitive to uncouplers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kinnally, K W -- Tedeschi, H -- GM27043/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 14;216(4547):742-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6281882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/*biosynthesis ; Animals ; Antimycin A/pharmacology ; Atractyloside/pharmacology ; Cyanides/pharmacology ; Ion Channels/physiology ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Swelling ; Phosphorylation ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Rotenone/pharmacology ; Uncoupling Agents/pharmacology ; Valinomycin/pharmacology
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    Monoclonal antibody to acetylcholine receptor: cell line established from thymus of patient with Myasthenia gravis (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-19
    Description: A human B cell line producing a monoclonal antibody to an antigenic determinant of acetylcholine receptors was established by cloning B cells that had been transformed in vitro by Epstein-Barr virus. The B cells were obtained from the thymus of a patient with myasthenia gravis. The antibody produced by the cell line precipitated acetylcholine receptors from denervated and innervated rat muscle and from human muscle, but did not show detectable response to the acetylcholine receptors from the electric organs of Narke japonica. The monoclonal antibody showed identical binding patterns in innervated and denervated rat muscles. Passive transfer of the monoclonal antibody into rats induced moderate muscle weakness and electromyographic changes characteristic of myasthenia gravis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kamo, I -- Furukawa, S -- Tada, A -- Mano, Y -- Iwasaki, Y -- Furuse, T -- Ito, N -- Hayashi, K -- Satoyoshi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 19;215(4535):995-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6297000" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Muscles/immunology/innervation ; Myasthenia Gravis/immunology ; Rats ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*immunology
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    Velocity signals related to hand movements recorded from red nucleus neurons in monkeys (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: Neural activity of the red nucleus was studied in monkeys trained to operate devices requiring shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, or finger movements. Single cell activity was more closely related to movements of the hand and fingers than to movements of the other joints. Discharge consistently preceded movements by a constant time interval; duration of discharge was highly correlated with the duration of movement; and discharge rate was highly correlated with movement velocity. These data suggest a role for the rubrospinal pathway in the initiation and control of hand movements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kohlerman, N J -- Gibson, A R -- Houk, J C -- 5-R01-NS14703/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):857-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7100930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electromyography ; Hand/*physiology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Movement ; Neural Conduction ; Neurons/physiology ; Red Nucleus/*physiology
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    Alpha-substituted gamma-butyrolactones: new class of anticonvulsant drugs (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-09-10
    Description: Alkyl-Substituted gamma-butyrolactones were synthesized and tested for their convulsant and anticonvulsant actions in mice and guinea pigs. The alpha-substituted compounds, alpha, alpha-dimethyl-, and alpha-ethyl-alpha-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone were anticonvulsant compounds with a spectrum of activity similar to that of ethosuximide. In contrast, beta-substituted compounds were convulsant agents similar to picrotoxinin. The alpha-substituted-gama-butyrolactones represent a new class of anticonvulsant drug with experimental and clinical potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klunk, W E -- McKeon, A -- Covey, D F -- Ferrendelli, J A -- GM-07200/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-24483/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS-14834/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):1040-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6810462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives/*therapeutic use/toxicity ; Animals ; *Anticonvulsants ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Convulsants ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Absence/drug therapy ; Ethosuximide/pharmacology ; *Furans/*therapeutic use ; Guinea Pigs ; Mice ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Trimethadione/pharmacology
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    Modulation of striatal dopaminergic function by local injection of 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: Rats rotated to the left when 5'-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) was injected into the left caudate nucleus and apomorphine was administered subcutaneously. The combination of NECA and apomorphine was more potent than L-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine and apomorphine in eliciting rotation, suggesting the involvement of adenosine receptors of the Ra type. The response was reduced when 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine was injected along with NECA into the caudate nucleus or when theorphylline was given intraperitoneally. Higher doses of apomorphine elicited a self-mutilatory response after the injection of NECA into the caudate nucleus. These results suggest that adenosine may be involved in the modulation of dopaminergic function in the striatum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, R D -- Proudfit, H K -- Yeung, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):58-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) ; Animals ; Apomorphine/pharmacology ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Injections ; Kinetics ; Male ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Rotation ; Vasodilator Agents/*pharmacology
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    Hair-cell innervation by spiral ganglion cells in adult cats (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-07-09
    Description: A horseradish peroxidase technique was used to trace the peripheral terminations of two types of ganglion cells in adult cats. It was found that large, usually bipolar ganglion cells end on inner hair cells and small, usually pseudomonopolar ganglion cells end on outer hair cells. Thus, a virtually complete segregation of afferent neural inputs from the two types of hair cells was directly confirmed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiang, N Y -- Rho, J M -- Northrop, C C -- Liberman, M C -- Ryugo, D K -- P01NS13126/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 9;217(4555):175-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats/*physiology ; Cochlea/*innervation ; Ganglia/cytology ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*cytology ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/cytology ; Histocytochemistry ; Horseradish Peroxidase/metabolism ; Neurons, Afferent/cytology
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    Basilar membrane tuning in the cat cochlea (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khanna, S M -- Leonard, D G -- 5 K04 NS 00292/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- 5 R01 NS 03654/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 15;215(4530):305-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basilar Membrane/*physiology ; Cats ; Cochlea/*physiology ; Ear, Inner/*physiology ; Hearing/*physiology ; Vibration
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    alpha A-crystallin messenger RNA of the mouse lens: more noncoding than coding sequences (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-02-19
    Description: The 14S messenger RNA (1300 to 1500 nucleotides) for the alpha A chain of alpha-crystallin of the mammalian lens is nearly three times larger than required to code for the polypeptide that contains 173 amino acids. As a means of accounting for this anomaly, a complementary DNA clone for the mouse alpha A-crystallin messenger RNA was constructed in pBR322 and sequenced. Derivation of the protein sequence from the nucleic acid sequence showed that mouse alpha A-crystallin is similar to that of other organisms. The messenger RNA contains 536 nucleotides located on the 3' side of the coding region, excluding the polyadenylate stretch. This 3' sequence does not encode any other crystallin and has multiple termination codons in the three possible reading frames.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, C R -- Shinohara, T -- Piatigorsky, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 19;215(4535):985-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7156978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallins/*genetics ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
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    Serum from monkeys with histories of fetal wastage causes abnormalities in cultured rat embryos (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, N W -- Plenefisch, J D -- Carey, S W -- Fredrickson, W T -- Sackett, G P -- Burbacher, T M -- Parker, R M -- HD02774/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD08633/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR00166/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 1;215(4528):66-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7053560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Veterinary/*blood ; Animals ; Congenital Abnormalities/*etiology ; Ectogenesis ; Female ; Macaca nemestrina/blood ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 79
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    Brain receptors for appetite discovered (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):460-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amphetamines ; Animals ; Appetite/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; *Carrier Proteins ; Mice ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*physiology
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  • 80
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    Fish vision and the detection of planktonic prey (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-17
    Description: Planktivorous sunfish of various sizes were studied to ascertain whether growth-related changes in the retina are related to the ability to capture small planktonic crustaceans. Behaviorally, the larger fish detected and captured crustaceans that subtended smaller visual angles. Histological examination of the retinas revealed that the distance between cones, measured in minutes of visual angle, decreased as the animals grew, suggesting that the larger retinas could resolve smaller objects. These correlated behavioral and anatomical results suggest that improved visual resolution contributes to improved predation. This finding provides a selective advantage for the continuous retinal growth noted in many fish.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hairston, N G Jr -- Li, K T -- Easter, S S Jr -- EY-00168/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 17;218(4578):1240-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7146908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Eye/anatomy & histology ; Fishes/*physiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Ocular Physiological Phenomena ; Predatory Behavior/physiology ; Retina/ultrastructure ; Vision, Ocular/*physiology
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  • 81
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    On the origin of introns (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):921-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Base Sequence ; *Genes ; Humans
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 82
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    Heterogeneity in epidermal basal keratinocytes: morphological and functional correlations (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-05
    Description: Two structurally distinct populations of basal keratinocytes, nonserrated and serrated, were observed in cynomolgus monkey and human palm epidermis. Anatomical location, fine structural features, and kinetic properties suggest that nonserrated cells represent a stem cell population and that serrated cells help anchor the epidermis to the dermis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lavker, R M -- Sun, T T -- AM 25140/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- EY 00125/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY 02472/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 5;215(4537):1239-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Epidermis/*cytology ; Hand ; Humans ; Macaca fascicularis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 83
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    Complete amino acid sequence of urotensin I, a hypotensive and corticotropin-releasing neuropeptide from Catostomus (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: Urotensin I, purified from extracts of the urophysis of a teleost fish (Catostomus commersoni), exhibits potent hypotensive activity (mammals and birds) and corticotropin-releasing activity (both fish and mammals). The primary structure of this 41-residue peptide was determined to be H-Asn-Asp-Asp-Pro-Pro-Ile-Ser-Ile-Asp-Leu-Thr-Phe-His-Leu-Leu-Arg-Asn-Met-Ile-Glu - Met-Ala-Arg-Ile-Glu-Asn-Glu-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Gly-Leu-Asn-Arg-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Glu -Val-NH2. Extraction with 0.1N HCl at 100 degrees C cleaves the amino-terminal tripeptide, yeilding a fully active analog, urotensin I(4-41). The amino acid sequence was confirmed by measuring the biological activity of synthetic urotensin I(4-41). Urotensin I exhibits a striking sequence homology with ovine corticotropin-releasing factor and with frog sauvagine. These three peptides exhibit similar activities in biological test systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lederis, K -- Letter, A -- McMaster, D -- Moore, G -- Schlesinger, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):162-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6981844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Fishes ; Peptides/*isolation & purification ; Species Specificity ; Urotensins/*isolation & purification
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  • 84
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    Rabies treatment (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lele, R D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123224" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dogs ; Humans ; Medicine, Ayurvedic ; Plant Extracts/*therapeutic use ; *Plants, Medicinal ; Rabies/*prevention & control
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    Purinergic regulation of food intake (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-02
    Description: Inosine peripherally administered to rats markedly suppressed spontaneous food intake and food intake induced by diazepam, muscimol, insulin, and food deprivation. The purines 2-deoxyguanosine and 2-deoxyinosine also suppressed food deprivation-induced feeding, whereas 7-methylinosine, which does not bind to the benzodiazepine binding site in vitro, had no effect on food intake when compared with controls. These results suggest that purines may represent endogenous substances that regulate food intake through interactions with the benzodiazepine receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levine, A S -- Morley, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 2;217(4554):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7046046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Appetite/*drug effects ; Deoxyguanosine/pharmacology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Eating/*drug effects ; Food Deprivation ; Inosine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Male ; Muscimol/pharmacology ; Purines/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 86
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    Extinction leaves its mark on ecology (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 1;218(4567):42-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7123216" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Ecology ; Models, Biological
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  • 87
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    Repeated DNA still in search of a function (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-08-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 13;217(4560):621-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6283639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Satellite/genetics ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Species Specificity
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  • 88
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    How did humans evolve big brains? (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-05-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 21;216(4548):840-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079741" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; Primates/*anatomy & histology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 89
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    Food fuels reproductive success (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jul 16;217(4556):238-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7089560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Diet ; *Energy Metabolism ; Food ; Mammals/*physiology ; *Reproduction
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  • 90
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    Neuronal mapping: a photooxidation reaction makes Lucifer yellow useful for electron microscopy (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: Irradiation Lucifer yellow-filled neurons with intense blue light in the presence of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine produces an electron-opaque osmiophilic polymer within the injected cells. This technique is valuable when cobalt or horseradish peroxidase injections are difficult or when a second intracellular marker is needed to demonstrate neuronal contacts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maranto, A R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):953-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine ; Animals ; Astacoidea ; Ganglia/physiology/ultrastructure ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Isoquinolines ; Leeches ; Light ; Microscopy, Electron/methods ; Neurons/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Synapses/ultrastructure
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  • 91
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    Autocidal control of screwworms in North America (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-01-22
    Description: The larva of the blowfly Cochliomyia hominivorax, also known as the screwworm, eats the living flesh of cattle and sheep and other warm-blooded animals. A program to eradicate the screwworm in the United States was initiated in the 1950's. The program was very effective until 1968, but severe screwworm outbreaks occurred in 1972 to 1976 and in 1978. Although the program has again been effective since 1979, the possibility of outbreaks recurring in the future has highlighted the need for a broader understanding of the pest. Studies of screwworm populations in the United Stated and Mexico indicate that much of the genetic diversity of this insect is distributed among sympatric non-interbreeding populations. A new approach may be required to retain the effectiveness of the control program and to prevent a serious outbreak from threatening the economic viability of the U.S. livestock industry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richardson, R H -- Ellison, J R -- Averhoff, W W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 22;215(4531):361-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7199204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*prevention & control ; Diptera/classification/*physiology ; Ecology ; Infertility, Male ; Insect Control/methods ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Myiasis/*prevention & control ; North America ; Pest Control, Biological/*methods ; Reproduction ; Screw Worm Infection/*prevention & control
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  • 92
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    Eukaryotic transcriptional regulation and chromatin-associated protein phosphorylation by cyclic AMP (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) analogs or agents that increase intracellular cyclic AMP rapidly stimulate transcription of the prolactin gene in a line of cultured rat pituitary cells. This effect is correlated with the phosphorylation of a chromatin-associated basic protein designated BPR. These data are consistent with the postulate that increased intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations induce rapid transcriptional effects on specific genes in eukaryotes, mediated by direct or indirect phosphorylation of a specific chromatin-associated protein or proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murdoch, G H -- Rosenfeld, M G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1315-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6293056" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Nucleoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Pituitary Gland/metabolism ; Prolactin/genetics ; Rats ; *Transcription, Genetic
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  • 93
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    Nucleotide sequence of the transforming gene of avian myeloblastosis virus (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-06-25
    Description: Avian myeloblastosis virus is defective in reproductive capacity, requiring a helper virus to provide the viral proteins essential for synthesis of new infectious virus. This virus arose by recombination of the nondefective helper virus and host cellular sequences present within the normal avian genome. These latter sequences are essential for leukemogenic activity. The complete nucleotide sequence of this region is reported. Within the acquired cellular sequences there is an open reading frame of 795 nucleotides starting with the initiation codon ATG (adenine, thymine, guanine) and terminating with the triplet TAG. This open reading frame could code for the putative transforming protein of 265 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 30,000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rushlow, K E -- Lautenberger, J A -- Papas, T S -- Baluda, M A -- Perbal, B -- Chirikjian, J G -- Reddy, E P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jun 25;216(4553):1421-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6283631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avian Leukosis Virus/*genetics ; Avian Myeloblastosis Virus/*genetics ; Avian Sarcoma Viruses/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Chickens/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Viral ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Viral Proteins/biosynthesis
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  • 94
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    Actin distribution patterns in the mouse neural tube during neurulation (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: With the use of antibodies to actin and indirect immunofluorescent techniques regions of increased actin concentration were demonstrated first in basal and later in apical areas of mouse neuroepithelial cells. These patterns of staining corresponded to shape changes observed in cranial neural folds as they initially elevated from the neural plate and later moved toward the midline.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sadler, T W -- Greenberg, D -- Coughlin, P -- Lessard, J L -- HD-12295/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-14220/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):172-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7031898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/embryology ; Cytoskeleton/*ultrastructure ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Nervous System/*embryology/ultrastructure
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  • 95
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    Suprachiasmatic stimulation phase shifts rodent circadian rhythms (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-03-12
    Description: The integrity of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus is essential to the expression of normal circadian rhythms in rodents. Electrical stimulation of the SCN caused phase shifts and period changes in the freerunning feeding rhythms of rats and activity rhythms of hamsters. The phase response curve for SCN stimulation appears to parallel that for light pulses. These findings strengthen the hypothesis derived from lesion studies that the SCN are the dominant light-entrained oscillators in the rodent circadian system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rusak, B -- Groos, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Mar 12;215(4538):1407-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Electric Stimulation ; Hypothalamus/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Rats
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  • 96
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    New dopaminergic and indoleamine-accumulating cells in the growth zone of goldfish retinas after neurotoxic destruction (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-05-14
    Description: Juvenile goldfish were allowed to grow for 3 months after dopaminergic or indoleamine-accumulating cells in their retinas had been destroyed by intravitreal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, respectively. New cells of each type were found growing in concentric rings at the margin of the retina. To compensate for the loss of dopaminergic innervation in retinas treated with 6-hydroxydopamine, cells in the growth zone appeared to proliferate at a higher rate than those in untreated retinas and long processes were extended into the retina by the first dopaminergic cells to appear.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Negishi, K -- Teranishi, T -- Kato, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 May 14;216(4547):747-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7079736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine/*metabolism ; 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Goldfish ; Hydroxydopamines/pharmacology ; Nerve Regeneration ; Retina/cytology/drug effects/*physiology
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  • 97
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    Suppression of ovulation in the rat by an orally active antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-10-08
    Description: A synthetic antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone blocked ovulation in rats in a dose-dependent manner when given by gavage on the afternoon of proestrus. Ovulation was delayed for at least 1 day in all animals given 2 milligrams of antogonist and in some of the animals treated with 1 or 0.5 milligram. Oral administration of 2 milligrams also blocked the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone. This demonstration that antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone can have oral antiovulatory activity clearly enhances their therapeutic potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nekola, M B -- Horvath, A -- Ge, L J -- Coy, D H -- Schally, A V -- HD-0-2831/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Oct 8;218(4568):160-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6750790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Luteinizing Hormone/secretion ; Ovulation/*drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Proestrus/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 98
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    Pregnancy suppression by active immunization against gestation-specific riboflavin carrier protein (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-04-09
    Description: A riboflavin carrier protein isolated from chickens cross-reacts with a gestation-specific rodent carrier for riboflavin. Active immunization of female rats of proved fertility with the purified chicken carrier protein completely yet reversibly suppressed early pregnancy without impairing implantation per se. Concurrently there were no discernible adverse effects on maternal health in terms of weight gain, vitamin status, and fertility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murty, C V -- Adiga, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Apr 9;216(4542):191-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7063879" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; Carrier Proteins/*immunology ; Female ; Fetal Resorption/immunology ; Flavins/blood ; Glutathione Reductase/blood ; Immunization ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Progesterone/blood ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 99
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    Maternal ethanol exposure induces transient impairment of umbilical circulation and fetal hypoxia in monkeys (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-11-12
    Description: When ethanol was administered intravenously to pregnant monkeys, a transient but marked collapse of umbilical vasculature was observed uniformly within about 15 minutes. The ethanol-induced impairment of umbilical circulation produced severe hypoxia and acidosis in the fetus; recovery occurred during the succeeding hour. This striking interruption of feto-placental circulation may explain one of the mechanisms of mental retardation, a frequent manifestation in children afflicted with fetal alcohol syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mukherjee, A B -- Hodgen, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 12;218(4573):700-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6890235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetaldehyde/blood ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ethanol/blood/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/*etiology ; Fetal Distress/*chemically induced ; Macaca fascicularis ; Macaca mulatta ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Umbilical Cord/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 100
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    General anesthetics hyperpolarize neurons in the vertebrate central nervous system (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-10
    Description: The effect of general anesthetics on frog motoneurons and rat hippocampus pyramidal cells was examined with sucrose gap and intracellular recording, respectively. A number of volatile and intravenous anesthetics directly hyperpolarized the motoneurons. The potency of these agents in hyperpolarizing motoneurons was strongly correlated with their anesthetic potency. While the responses to barbiturates and alpha-chloralose were blocked by gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonists and were dependent on the chloride gradient, the responses to all the other anesthetics tested were generated by a separate mechanism. Intracellular recording from hippocampal pyramidal cells suggested that an increase in potassium conductance accounts for these responses. Such a nonsynaptic action would contribute to the decreased neuronal responsiveness observed for these compounds and thus to their anesthetic action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicoll, R A -- Madison, D V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):1055-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anesthetics/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Ether/pharmacology ; Halothane/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/*drug effects ; Microelectrodes ; Motor Neurons/drug effects ; Potassium/metabolism ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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