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  • Articles  (236)
  • Rats  (164)
  • Mice  (81)
  • 1980-1984  (236)
  • 1981  (236)
  • Biology  (236)
  • Medicine  (235)
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  • Articles  (236)
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  • 1980-1984  (236)
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  • 1
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    Testosterone: a major determinant of extragenital sexual dimorphism (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Sexual dimorphism in selected extragenital tissues is described with emphasis on the molecular basis of the differences. Testosterone rather than 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone appears to be the major intracellular androgen in organs other than skin and reproductive tract, but other steroid metabolites and their receptors are required to produce the diverse tissue differences observed in males and females. There is also evidence that multiple hormones from several endocrine glands are required to act in concert with androgens to produce and maintain their effects. Although many of the consequences of sexual dimorphism, such as body size and strength, have been evident for centuries, other differences between males and females such as disease incidence, response to drugs and toxins, and the metabolism and assimilation of dietary constituents have only recently been discovered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bardin, C W -- Catterall, J F -- HD-13541/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1285-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome/metabolism ; Androgens/metabolism/physiology ; Animals ; Erythropoiesis ; Estradiol/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Muscles/metabolism ; Progestins/physiology ; Proteins/secretion ; Rats ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testosterone/metabolism/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    GABA analogues activate channels of different duration on cultured mouse spinal neurons (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Voltage-clamp recordings from mouse spinal neurons grown in culture were used to study the membrane current fluctuations induced by 12 substances structurally similar to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Fluctuation analysis provided estimates of the electrical properties of the elementary events underlying these responses. Estimates of the mean conductance of channels activated by all of the substances except glycine did not differ significantly from that estimated for GABA, whereas mean durations of agonist-activated channels all differed significantly from that found for GABA. The results indicate that all of the substances tested except glycine activate channels of similar conductance but of different durations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barker, J L -- Mathers, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):358-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Membrane/drug effects ; Ion Channels/*drug effects ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Mice ; Neurons/drug effects ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Spinal Nerves/*drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Time Factors ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Micromolar calcium stimulates proteolysis and glutamate binding in rat brain synaptic membranes (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: Incubation of cortical synaptic membranes with low concentrations of calcium resulted in a decrease in the amount of a high-molecular-weight doublet protein and an increase in the sodium-independent binding of glutamate. Both effects were blocked by the thiol protease inhibitor leupeptin. These results suggest that calcium-induced proteolysis of membrane components regulates the number of glutamate receptors in neuronal membranes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baudry, M -- Bundman, M C -- Smith, E K -- Lynch, G S -- MH-19793-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):937-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7015504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Cerebellum/metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Cysteine Endopeptidases ; Endopeptidases/*metabolism ; Glutamates/*metabolism ; Leupeptins/pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Rats ; Synaptic Membranes/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 4
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    Site-specific, sustained release of drugs to the brain (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: A dihydropyridine-pyridinium salt type of redox system is used in a general and flexible method for the site-specific or sustained delivery (or both) of drugs to the brain. A biologically active compound linked to a lipoidal dihydropyridine carrier easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Oxidation of the carrier part in vivo to the ionic pyridinium salt prevents its elimination from the brain, while elimination from the general circulation is accelerated. Subsequent cleavage of the quaternary carrier-drug species results in sustained delivery of the drug in the brain and facile elimination of the carrier part.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bodor, N -- Farag, H H -- Brewster, M E 3rd -- GM 27167/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1370-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Berberine/administration & dosage ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain Diseases/*drug therapy ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Nicotinic Acids/administration & dosage ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenethylamines/administration & dosage ; Pyridines/*administration & dosage ; Pyridinium Compounds/*administration & dosage ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Living tissue formed in vitro and accepted as skin-equivalent tissue of full thickness (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Living skin-equivalent grafts consisting of fibroblasts cast in collagen lattices and seeded with epidermal cells were successfully grafted onto the donors of the cells. The grafts were vascularized, did not evoke a homograft reaction, inhibited wound contraction, filled the wound space, and persisted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bell, E -- Ehrlich, H P -- Buttle, D J -- Nakatsuji, T -- GN25561/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1052-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7008197" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; *Collagen ; Epidermis/cytology ; Extracellular Space ; Fibroblasts/*transplantation ; Graft Rejection ; Male ; Rats ; *Skin Transplantation ; Wound Healing
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Morphiceptin (NH4-tyr-pro-phe-pro-COHN2): a potent and specific agonist for morphine (mu) receptors (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: The synthetic peptide NH2-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-CONH2 (morphiceptin), which is the amide of a fragment of the milk protein beta-casein, has morphinelike activities and is highly specific for morphine (mu) receptors but not for enkephalin (delta) receptors. It is as active as morphine in the guinea pig ileum but much less active in the mouse and rat vas deferens. The discovery of this specific morphine receptor ligand substantiates the hypothesis of multiple opiate receptors. The ligand, which may be of physiological significance since a very similar, or identical, activity can be detected in enzymatic digests of beta-casein, may prove useful for further investigation of the functions of opiate receptor subtypes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, K J -- Lillian, A -- Hazum, E -- Cuatrecasas, P -- Chang, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):75-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259732" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Caseins/pharmacology ; Dihydromorphine/metabolism ; Endorphins/*pharmacology ; Enkephalins/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Ileum/drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Naloxone/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/*drug effects ; Sodium/pharmacology ; Vas Deferens/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Lactose facilitates the intestinal absorption of lead in weanling rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: The milk sugar lactose is known to facilitate calcium absorption and has been shown to enhance the uptake of essential trace metals from the intestines as well. Its physiological role as the major carbohydrate source for suckling mammals is thus complemented by its ability to facilitate the absorption of necessary minerals. The studies reported here show that the intestinal absorption of lead and its uptake into blood, liver, kidney, and bone are also increased by lactose in young weanling rats. These data extend the known range of lactose facilitation of mineral absorption to a nonessential, toxic element, confirming the nonspecificity of its action on the gut. In addition, they suggest an explanation for some of the conflicting evidence regarding the prophylactic efficacy of milk in lead poisoning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushnell, P J -- DeLuca, H F -- ES-05147/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):61-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Disaccharides/pharmacology ; Hexoses/metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Lactose/*pharmacology ; Lead/*metabolism ; Lead Poisoning/metabolism ; Male ; Milk/metabolism ; Rats ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Tissue Distribution
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Rheumatoid factor-like immunoglobulin M protects previously uninfected rat pups and dams from Trypanosoma lewisi (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: The serum of lactating rats that have never been infected with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma lewisi contains a rheumatoid factor-like immunoglobulin M (IgM). This IgM amplifies a specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response to the parasite and accounts for the unusual resistance of previously uninfected lactating rats and their suckling pups to infection with T. lewisi. A similar rheumatoid factor-like IgM, which is induced late in the usual course of infection with T. lewisi in nonlactating rats, amplifies an earlier IgM response and terminates the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a rheumatoid factor, which is classified as an autoimmune antibody, acting in a protective manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clarkson, A B Jr -- Mellow, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):186-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7025211" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Suckling/immunology ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Female ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M/*immunology ; *Lactation ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rheumatoid Factor/*immunology ; Trypanosoma lewisi/immunology ; Trypanosomiasis/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Gated sodium-23 nuclear magnetic resonance images of an isolated perfused working rat heart (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-22
    Description: Sodium-23 nuclear magnetic resonance images of phantoms and gated images of isolated perfused working rat hearts were obtained. By synchronizing the nuclear magnetic resonance process to the heartbeat, images were obtained at systole and at diastole.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLayre, J L -- Ingwall, J S -- Malloy, C -- Fossel, E T -- HL 22542/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 26215/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 22;212(4497):935-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diastole ; In Vitro Techniques ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods ; Models, Structural ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Rats ; Sodium ; Systole
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Benzodiazepine inhibition of the calcium-calmodulin protein kinase system in brain membrane (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Benzodiazepines inhibit Ca2+-calmodulin-stimulated membrane protein phosphorylation. The effects of the benzodiazepines on protein phosphorylation are stereospecific and produced by membrane-bound benzodiazepine. The potency of benzodiazepine kinase inhibition is correlated with the ability of the benzodiazepines to inhibit electric shock-induced convulsions. These findings provide evidence that some of the anticonvulsant and neuronal stabilizing effects of benzodiazepines may be modulated by the Ca2+-calmodulin protein kinase system and indicate that this calmodulin-kinase system represents an identifiable benzodiazepine receptor in brain that is distinquishable by several criteria from the previously described high affinity benzodiazepine receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeLorenzo, R J -- Burdette, S -- Holderness, J -- NS 1352/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NSI-EA-1-K04-NS245/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):546-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzodiazepines/metabolism ; Brain/*enzymology ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*pharmacology ; Calmodulin/*pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Chlordiazepoxide/*pharmacology ; Diazepam/*pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; Kinetics ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    Entorhinal and septal inputs differentially control sensory-evoked responses in the rat dentate gyrus (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Averaged sensory-evoked potentials were recorded from the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus in naive rats and in rats conditioned to respond in the presence of an auditory stimulus. Two components (negative peaks) of the potentials were functionally distinguished in terms of responsiveness to unique or conditioned auditory stimuli. Each component was independently generated by a separate input pathway to the dentate gyrus: The perforant path provided an "insignificance" or "unexpected" feature of the sensory stimulus when appropriate, and the septum controlled the development of a second component as a function of the behavioral significance of the stimulus during the acquisition of auditory discrimination behavior. A reciprocal relationship between the peak amplitudes of both components of the average evoked potentials dependent on the relative behavioral significance of the sensory stimulus was observed in all animals during extinction and reconditioning of the sensory discrimination task. The findings indicate that the entorhinal and septal projections to the dentate granule cells are activated differentially by sensory stimuli as a function of their acquired behavioral significance to the animal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deadwyler, S A -- West, M O -- Robinson, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1181-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Male ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Rats ; Septal Nuclei/cytology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Body weight and composition in laboratory rats: effects of diets with high or low protein concentrations (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-09
    Description: Adult rats fed high concentrations of dietary protein for 9 weeks gained more weight than rats fed isoenergetic diets containing less protein. There were no significant differences in tail and body lengths among several groups of rats on diets containing different amounts of protein; however, total body fat was significantly greater in the rats fed on diets containing 25 percent protein compared to the rats fed 5 percent protein diets. These findings suggest that the role of dietary protein in obesity and other conditions deserves further scrutiny.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Donald, P -- Pitts, C C -- Pohl, S L -- AM05955/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM22125/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 9;211(4478):185-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory ; *Body Composition ; *Body Weight ; Dietary Proteins/*metabolism ; Energy Intake ; Obesity/metabolism ; Rats
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  • 13
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    Melatonin: identification of sites of antigonadal action in mouse brain (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: Long-term implants releasing a small quantity of melatonin (45 nanograms per day) were used to determine the brain sites of the hormone's antigonadal action in a photoperiodic species, the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). Implants in the medial preoptic and supra- and retrochiasmatic areas elicited completed gonadal regression after 7 weeks. Implants in other brain regions had little effect on the animals' reproductive state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glass, J D -- Lynch, G R -- NS-15503/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):821-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Genitalia, Female/drug effects/*pathology ; Hypothalamus/*drug effects ; Light ; Melatonin/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Periodicity ; Preoptic Area/drug effects ; Supraoptic Nucleus/drug effects
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  • 14
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    Toxicity, odor aversion, and "olfactory aposematism" (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisner, T -- Grant, R P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):476.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Odors ; Rats ; Smell ; *Toxicology
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  • 15
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    Renin and angiotensin: the complete system within the neuroblastoma x glioma cell (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-20
    Description: Cells of the homogeneous hybrid line neuroblastoma x glioma (NG108-15) have many neuronal properties. Immunocytochemical tests show that they contain both immunoreactive renin and angiotensin; direct radioimmunoassays show that they are positive for renin, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II; enzymatic assays show that they contain angiotensinogen and converting enzyme as well. The renin appears to be present in an enzymatically inactive form that can be activated by trypsin and then blocked by antiserum to purified mouse submaxillary renin. Renin concentration and activity are increased by enhancing cellular differentiation with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate or by serum withdrawal. These findings demonstrate a complete renin-angiotensin system within these neuron-like cells, and suggest that activation of intracellular renin could generate angiotensin II.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fishman, M C -- Zimmerman, E A -- Slater, E E -- HL-21247/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-24105/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 20;214(4523):921-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6272392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin I/*analysis ; Angiotensin II/*analysis ; Angiotensins/*analysis ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Glioma/*metabolism ; Hybrid Cells/*metabolism ; Mice ; Neuroblastoma/*metabolism ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Renin/*metabolism
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  • 16
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    Phenytoin-induced teratogenesis: a mouse model (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: Malformations associated with the fetal hydantoin syndrome have been reproduced in a mouse model. The occurrence of these defects was correlated with maternal serum concentrations, but not with maternal or fetal genotype or the presence of a seizure disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finnell, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):483-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455686" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epilepsy/drug therapy ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants/physiology ; Phenytoin/*adverse effects ; *Teratogens
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  • 17
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    Increased intracranial self-stimulation in rats after long-term administration of desipramine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: The effects of long- and short-term administration of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine on intracranial self-stimulation in rats were studied with electrodes in the A10 region of the dopamine-containing cell bodies of the ventromedial tegmentum. Long-term desipramine administration resulted in a significant shift to the left in the ascending portion of the rate--current intensity function, indicating that the activity of the mesolimbic dopamine system was enhanced. These findings point to a possible dopaminergic mechanism of action of antidepressants and support speculations concerning the role of dopamine-containing neurons in the pathophysiology of depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fibiger, H C -- Phillips, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):683-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7197394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Depression/physiopathology ; Desipramine/*administration & dosage ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Humans ; Limbic System/*physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Self Stimulation/*drug effects ; Time Factors
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  • 18
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    Malignant potential of murine stromal cells after transplantation of human tumors into nude mice (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: Human malignant cancer tumors grafted into nude mice produce tumors containing both human cancer cells and the host's stromal cells. After short-term propagation of these tumors in vitro, the murine mesenchymal cells appear transformed and are tumorigenic in nude mice. However, established human cancer cell lines fail to similarly after adjacent murine stromal cells when used to produce tumors in nude mice. These experiments suggest that cancer cells may recruit normal cells to become malignant, qualifying the view of the clonal (unicellular) origin of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldenberg, D M -- Pavia, R A -- 1R01 CA17198/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209521" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology ; Fibrosarcoma/*etiology ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*etiology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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  • 19
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    Vagotomy abolishes cues of satiety produced by gastric distension (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gonzalez, M F -- Deutsch, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1283-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Feeding Behavior ; Kinetics ; Male ; Rats ; *Satiation ; *Satiety Response ; Stomach/*physiology ; *Vagotomy
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  • 20
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    Voltage clamp studies in macrophages from mouse spleen cultures (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: Voltage clamp studies of macrophages from cultures of mouse spleen macrophages produced N-shaped steady-state current-voltage curves containing a region of negative slope resistance. Some macrophages exhibit two stable states of membrane potential, having current-voltage relationships that cross the voltage axis at three points. Outward currents that turn on at voltages of +15 millivolts or greater were noted in several cells. The addition of barium chloride to the bathing medium abolished the negative slope resistance and reduced the inward currents in response to hyperpolarizing voltage steps. These data provide direct evidence that macrophages exhibit at least tow different voltage-dependent conductances and demonstrate that voltage clamp techniques can be useful in studying the membrane properties of leukocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallin, E K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):458-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Barium/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Conductivity ; Macrophages/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Spleen/cytology
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  • 21
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    Novel single-pass exchange of circulating uridine in rat liver (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-08-14
    Description: Evidence is presented that the liver effects an essentially complete degradation of plasma uridine in a single pass and replaces it largely from hepatic pools of acid-soluble uridine nucleotides. The concentration of uridine in the hepatic vein of the rat was essentially the same as that in the arterial circulation and portal vein. However, the isolated perfused rat liver degraded more than 90 percent of infused [5-3H]uridine in a single passage. Similar results were found in vivo when tracer amounts of [3H]uridine and [14C]uridine were infused into the portal vein of an intact rat. Furthermore, less than 2 percent of the infused uridine entered the acid-soluble nucleotide pools of the liver after 30 minutes of infusion. Intraperitoneal injection of [3H]orotate allowed selective labeling of liver (and kidney) pyrimidines. After 3 hours, the specific activity of uridine in the hepatic vein was more than three times that in the arterial circulation. This unusual exchange, which is not saturated even at uridine concentrations as high as 50 microM, contributes to the rapid turnover of plasma uridine and explains its inefficient utilization in peripheral tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gasser, T -- Moyer, J D -- Handschumacher, R E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 14;213(4509):777-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Liver/*metabolism ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution ; Uridine/blood/*metabolism
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  • 22
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    Rapid massive assembly of tight junction strands (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Incubation at 37 degrees C of excised rat prostate tissue results in massive proliferative assembly of new tight junction strands along the entire lengths of the lateral plasma membranes of the columnar epithelial cells. The new tight junction elements are assembled within 5 minutes and have an average length six times that of those present in the apical tight junction band. Massive assembly occurs in the presence of protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide) or of metabolic uncouplers (dinitrophenol). Thus, proliferative assembly of tight junction strands involves molecular reorganization from a pool of preexisting, probably membrane-associated, components. The fascia occludens and some examples of experimentally induced tight junction proliferation may reflect the massive emergence of tight junction strands when tissue is subjected to diverse stressful conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kachar, B -- Pinto da Silva, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):541-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dinitrophenols/pharmacology ; Intercellular Junctions/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Male ; Prostate/physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats
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  • 23
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    Multiple opiate receptors: alcohol selectively inhibits binding to delta receptors (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: The addition of ethanol or other aliphatic alcohols to rat brain membranes strongly inhibits binding of enkephalins at concentrations at which little inhibition of opiate alkaloids is seen. Inhibition is reversible, and potency increases with chain length of the alcohol. The results suggest that delta receptors are considerably more sensitive to alcohols than mu receptors. This is the first demonstration of selective inhibition of one of the postulated classes of opiate receptors by a reagent that is not a ligand for the receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hiller, J M -- Angel, L M -- Simon, E J -- DA-00017/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):468-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6270788" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alcohols/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; In Vitro Techniques ; Neuroblastoma/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Opioid/classification/*drug effects/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 24
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    Insulin as a potent, specific growth factor in a rat hepatoma cell line (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-02-27
    Description: A line or rat hepatoma cells in culture which, in response to serum starvation, become arrested in the early G1 phase of growth, can be stimulated by insulin alone to enter the cell cycle and traverse S phase. A half-maximum response is observed at 30 to 70 picomolar concentrations and the maximum response is essentially identical to that found with optimum serum concentrations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koontz, J W -- Iwahashi, M -- AM 24047/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 27;211(4485):947-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7008195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; *Growth Substances ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/*pathology ; Mitosis/drug effects ; Proinsulin/pharmacology ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 25
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    Steady-state relationship of calcium-45 between bone and blood: differences in growing dogs, chicks, and rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-10-09
    Description: In young animals that had received multiple doses of calcium-45, a constant ratio of calcium-45 specific activity in blood to that in bone was found in growing dogs and chicks but not in rats. This steady-state relationship of calcium-45 between bone and blood suggests that during growth in dogs and chicks most of the skeletal calcium is in an active state of turnover. In growing rats, after the first 2 weeks of life, the blood/bone ratio of calcium-45 decreases due to a decrease in bone resorption.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klein, L -- AG-00258/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG-00361/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- DE-05487/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):190-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6792709" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; Bone Development ; Bone Resorption/drug effects ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Chickens ; Dogs ; Etidronic Acid/pharmacology ; Homeostasis ; Rats ; Tetracycline/metabolism
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  • 26
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    Divalent cation ionophores stimulate resorption and inhibit DNA synthesis in cultured fetal rat bone (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-05
    Description: Two divalent cation ionophores, A23187 and Ionomycin, which are selective for calcium, stimulated the resorption of fetal rat long bones in organ culture at 0.1 to 1 micromolar but not at higher concentrations. Both agents inhibited DNA synthesis at concentrations that stimulated resorption. These results might explain the differences in ionophore effects on bone previously reported, and they imply that cell replication is not required for osteoclast formation in fetal rat long bone cultures.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lorenzo, J A -- Raisz, L G -- AM 07290/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 18063/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 5;212(4499):1157-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6785885" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Bone Resorption/*drug effects ; Bone and Bones/drug effects/*metabolism ; Calcimycin/*pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*biosynthesis ; DNA Replication/*drug effects ; Ethers/pharmacology ; Fetus ; Ionomycin ; Ionophores/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology
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  • 27
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    Dietary restriction retards the age-associated loss of rat striatal dopaminergic receptors (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-10-30
    Description: In male Wistar rats subjected to dietary restriction by alternate days of feeding and fasting the normal age-associated loss of striatal dopamine receptors in the brain was substantially retarded. The mean survival time of the rats on the restricted diet was increased by approximately 40 percent compared to control rats given free access to food. Dopamine receptor concentrations in striata of 24-month-old rats that had been on a restricted diet since weaning were 50 percent higher than those of control animals of the same age, and essentially comparable to 3- and 6-month-old control rats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Levin, P -- Janda, J K -- Joseph, J A -- Ingram, D K -- Roth, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 30;214(4520):561-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7291993" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism ; *Diet ; Fasting ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Dopamine/*metabolism
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  • 28
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    The AF64a-treated mouse: possible model for central cholinergic hypofunction (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: A loss in the number of functional, sodium ion-dependent, high-affinity choline transport sites was observed in the cortex and hippocampus of mice given an intracerebroventricular injection of 65 nanomoles of AF64A (ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion) 3 days earlier. Such an effect was not observed in the striatum. This effect of AF64A represents a long-term neurochemical deficit at cholinergic nerve terminals in some brain regions which can lead to a persistent deficiency in central cholinergic transmission. The AF64A-treated animal may thus be a model for certain psychiatric or neurological disorders that appear to involve central cholinergic hypofunction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mantione, C R -- Fisher, A -- Hanin, I -- MH 26320/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH/AG 34893/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):579-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6894649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aziridines/*pharmacology ; Azirines/*pharmacology ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism ; Choline/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Corpus Striatum/metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Sodium/pharmacology ; Synaptosomes/drug effects/*metabolism
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  • 29
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    Modulation of parallel fiber excitability by postsynaptically mediated changes in extracellular potassium (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-10-16
    Description: Field potentials and extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) were simultaneously monitored in the molecular layer of the rat cerebellar cortex during stimulation of the parallel fibers. The synaptic field potential elicited by stimulation was reduced by several methods. Reduction of synaptic field potentials was accompanied by a marked increase in the excitability of the parallel fibers. This change in excitability was related to the degree of extracellular K+ accumulation associated with parallel fiber stimulation. These findings support the proposal that increases in [K+]o associated with activity in postsynaptic elements can modulate the excitability of presynaptic afferent fibers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malenka, R C -- Kocsis, J D -- Ransom, B R -- Waxman, S G -- NS 15589/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-00473/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 16;214(4518):339-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/*physiology ; Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Cerebellar Cortex/*physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Extracellular Space/physiology ; Male ; Manganese/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials ; Potassium/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Synapses/*physiology
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  • 30
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    Quantitation of sprouting of dorsal root axons (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-08-28
    Description: The axonal sprouting that occurs after denervation resulting from a spinal hemisection can be quantified. Rats were subjected to hemisection of the spinal cord at birth, and the myelinated and unmyelinated axons in dorsal roots three segments cranial and three segments caudal to the lesion were counted 1 month after surgery. The number of unmyelinated axons in the dorsal root on the side of the hemisection increased 22 percent for the roots one segment from the lesion and 13 percent for the roots two and three segments from the lesion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hulsebosch, C E -- Coggeshall, R E -- NS 06246/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 10161/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 11255/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 28;213(4511):1020-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268404" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/ultrastructure ; Ganglia, Spinal/*cytology/physiology ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/ultrastructure ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Rats ; Spinal Cord Injuries
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  • 31
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    Growth inhibition by adenosine 3',5-monophosphate derivatives does not require 3',5' phosphodiester linkage (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: Analogs of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) inhibit the growth of cultured cell lines. The effects of 8-bromo- and N6-butyryl-substituted analogs of cyclic and noncyclic AMP on six cell lines were examined and were equally inhibitory. Variant cell lines with altered cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase were more resistant to both cyclic and noncyclic nucleotides. We conclude that growth inhibition by analogs of cyclic AMP (i) does not require a 3',5' phosphodiester bond and (ii) may be mediated by a pathway involving endogenous cyclic AMP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, T F -- Kowalchyk, J A -- AM 25861/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1120-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6267695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Cyclic AMP/*pharmacology ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Growth Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 32
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    More progress on gene transfer (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-08-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 28;213(4511):996-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6943678" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *DNA, Recombinant ; *Genetic Engineering ; Mice ; Recombination, Genetic
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  • 33
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    Regenerating axons reclaim sensory targets from collateral nerve sprouts (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-11-20
    Description: There is a critical period for the sprouting of intact low-threshold mechanosensory cutaneous nerves in rats; functional invasion of adjacent denervated skin does not occur in animals older than about 20 days of age, and it is largely confined to denervated skin within the "domain" of the parent dermatome. These nerves can regenerate readily in the adult, however, and such regenerating nerves do not respect domain borders; moreover, they functionally displace endings of intact nerves that earlier had sprouted into denervated skin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, P C -- Diamond, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 20;214(4523):926-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Axons/*physiology ; Mechanoreceptors/*physiology ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Nociceptors/physiology ; Rats ; Skin/growth & development/*innervation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Calcitonin messenger RNA encodes multiple polypeptides in a single precursor (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: Recombinant DNA techniques were used to analyze the structure of the messenger RNA encoding a precursor of calcitonin, a small calcium-regulating hormone of 32 amino acids. Analyses of the nucleotide sequences of cloned complementary DNA's comprising the entire coding sequence of the messenger RNA revealed that calcitonin is flanked at both its amino and carboxyl termini by peptide extensions linked to the hormone by short sequences of basic amino acids. The location of glycine next to the carboxyl terminal prolinamide of calcitonin is consistent with indications that glycine is required for the enzymatic amidation of proline to the prolinamide. During cellular biosynthesis, calcitonin arises from a large precursor protein by cleavages at both amino and carboxyl terminal residues of the hormone. These findings raise questions concerning the regulation of these cleavages and the potential biological functions of the precursor extensions derived from these cleavages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobs, J W -- Goodman, R H -- Chin, W W -- Dee, P C -- Habener, J F -- Bell, N H -- Potts, J T Jr -- AM 27781-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):457-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcitonin/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Recombinant/*metabolism ; Macromolecular Substances ; Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Peptide Biosynthesis ; Plants/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Rats ; Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism ; Triticum/metabolism
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    Natriuretic hormone linked to hypertension (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 12;212(4500):1255-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6262915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Hypertension/*etiology ; *Natriuresis ; Natriuretic Agents ; Proteins/*physiology ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
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  • 36
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    Electroconvulsive shock increases tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the brain and adrenal gland of the rat (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: A single application of electroconvulsive shock produced a rapid but short-lasting increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity above control values in the rat adrenal medulla and striatum. After repeated electroconvulsive shock treatment (once per day for 7 days), tyrosine hydroxylase activity increased significantly in the locus ceruleus, nucleus of the tractus solitarius, hippocampus, cerebellum, and frontal cortex and remained elevated for 4 to 8 days. Adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity increased 1 day after the termination of repeated electroconvulsive shock treatments and remained elevated for at least 24 days, possibly reflecting the establishment of a new and higher steady-state level of catecholamine biosynthesis in the adrenal. These findings suggest that the persistent changes in tyrosine hydroxylase activity produced by repeated electroconvulsive shock may be a factor contributing to the long-lasting antidepressant effects of this treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masserano, J M -- Takimoto, G S -- Weiner, N -- NS 07927/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 09199/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):662-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6117127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/*enzymology ; Animals ; Brain/*enzymology ; Corpus Striatum/enzymology ; *Electroshock ; Enzyme Induction ; Locus Coeruleus/enzymology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/*metabolism
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  • 37
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    Viral epitopes and monoclonal antibodies: isolation of blocking antibodies that inhibit virus neutralization (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: The inability of pathogenic animal viruses to be completely neutralized by antibodies can lead to chronic viral infections in which infectious virus persists even in the presence of excess neutralizing antibody. A mechanism that results in this nonneutralized fraction of virus was defined by the topographical relationships of viral epitopes identified with monoclonal antibodies wherein monoclonal antibodies bind to virus and sterically block the binding of neutralizing antibodies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Massey, R J -- Schochetman, G -- N01-CO-75380/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):447-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; *Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Antigens, Viral ; Clone Cells ; Kirsten murine sarcoma virus/*immunology ; Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/*immunology ; Mice ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/*immunology
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  • 38
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    Carcinogenicity in mice of mutagenic compounds from a tryptophan pyrolyzate (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: The compounds 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole, which are potent mutagens in a tryptophan pyrolyzate, ar hepatic carcinogens when given orally to mice at concentrations of 200 parts per million in a pellet diet. Female mice showed higher susceptibilities to both compounds than male mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsukura, N -- Kawachi, T -- Morino, K -- Ohgaki, H -- Sugimura, T -- Takayama, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):346-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carbolines/*pharmacology ; *Carcinogens ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Female ; Indoles/*pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mutagens/*pharmacology ; Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Sex Factors
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  • 39
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    Stimulation of intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization by prolactin in vitamin D-deficient rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-11-27
    Description: In vitamin D-deficient rats intestinal calcium transport increased significantly 4 hours after an injection of prolactin, reached a maximum after 8 hours, and declined to preinjection levels after 24 hours. Similarly, in vitamin D-deficient rats fed a diet low in calcium or phosphorus prolactin stimulated an increase in serum calcium in both groups and an increase in serum phosphorus in the rats fed the diet low in phosphorus. Thus it appears that prolactin affects organs involved in calcium regulation in a manner that is independent of the vitamin D endocrine system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pahuja, D N -- DeLuca, H F -- AM-14881/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 27;214(4524):1038-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/drug effects/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Intestine, Small/drug effects/*metabolism ; Male ; Prolactin/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Vitamin D Deficiency/*metabolism
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    Immunohistochemical demonstration of a testicular substance related to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: A substance related to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone was demonstrated, by immunohistochemical procedures, in the cytoplasm of interstitial cells within the rat testes. In many seminiferous tubules, nuclei of spermatogonial cells were also immunopositive. Both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of testicular homogenates contain immunoreactive compounds, and this report identifies which cell types contain this substance. The localization of a peptide hormone within the nucleus of a target cell population may indicate its mode of action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paull, W K -- Turkelson, C M -- Thomas, C R -- Arimura, A -- HD14761/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1263-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7022653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/immunology/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunologic Techniques ; Leydig Cells/metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Spermatogonia/metabolism ; Testis/*metabolism
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  • 41
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    Copper deficiency suppresses the immune response of mice (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Mice fed a purified diet low in copper display anemia, hypoceruloplasminemia, depressed concentrations of liver copper, and elevated concentrations of liver iron. An impaired humoral-mediated immune response (decreased numbers of antibody-producing cells) is observed in mice with severe as well as marginal copper deficiency. The magnitude of this impairment is highly correlated with the degree of functional copper deficiency (hypoceruloplasminemia).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Prohaska, J R -- Lukasewycz, O A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):559-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation/*drug effects ; Body Weight/drug effects ; Ceruloplasmin/metabolism ; Copper/*deficiency/pharmacology ; Female ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Iron/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Sex Factors ; Spleen/drug effects
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    Thymosin stimulates secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: Partially purified thymosin fraction 5 and one of its synthetic peptide components, thymosin beta 4, but not thymosin alpha 1, stimulated secretion of luteinizing hormone--releasing factor from superfused medial basal hypothalami from random cycling female rats. In addition, luteinizing hormone was released from pituitary glands superfused in sequence with hypothalami. No release of luteinizing hormone in response to thymosin was observed from pituitaries superfused alone. These data provide the first evidence of a direct effect of the endocrine thymus on the hypothalamus and suggest a potentially important role for thymic peptides in reproductive function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rebar, R W -- Miyake, A -- Low, T L -- Goldstein, A L -- AG-01531/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HD-12303/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD-14362/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):669-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7027442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/*secretion ; Hormones/pharmacology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/drug effects ; Hypothalamus/*drug effects ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thymosin/*pharmacology ; Thymus Hormones/*pharmacology
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    Medical therapies for mood disorders alter the blood-brain barrier (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: The effects of amitriptyline, lithium, and electroconvulsive shock on cerebral permeability and blood flow were tested. These three treatments share in common (i) the ability to influence the functional activity of central adrenergic neurons by way of effects on the release, reuptake, or metabolism of norepinephrine and (ii) therapeutic efficacy in mood disturbances. Under control conditions, cerebral permeability increases linealy with increasing arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and hence cerebral blood flow. All three treatments altered this relationship in a manner consistent with their adrenergic effects. Amitriptyline potentiated this increase in cerebral permeability whereas lithium and electroconvulsive shock blunted this phenomenon. These results support the hypothesis that one function of central adrenergic neurons is regulation of the blood-brain barrier and raise the possibility that a related effect may underlie the clinical usefulness of such treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Preskorn, S H -- Irwin, G H -- Simpson, S -- Friesen, D -- Rinne, J -- Jerkovich, G -- GM15956/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH-00272/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS17252/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):469-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244645" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amitriptyline/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier/*drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/*metabolism ; Electroshock ; Lithium/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
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  • 44
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    Diameter of the cell-to-cell junctional membrane channels as probed with neutral molecules (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: The cell-to-cell channels in the junctions of an insect salivary gland and of insect and mammalian cells in culture were probed with fluorescent molecules-neutral linear oligosaccharides, neutral branched glycopeptides, and charged linear peptides. From the molecular dimensions of the largest permeants and smallest impermeants the permeation-limiting channel diameter was obtained: 16 to 20 angstroms for the mammalian cells and 20 to 30 angstroms for the insect cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwarzmann, G -- Wiegandt, H -- Rose, B -- Zimmerman, A -- Ben-Haim, D -- Loewenstein, W R -- CA 14464/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):551-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244653" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chironomidae ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Glycopeptides/*metabolism ; Intercellular Junctions/*ultrastructure ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Models, Molecular ; Oligosaccharides/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Salivary Glands/*ultrastructure ; Species Specificity
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  • 45
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    Myelination of central nervous system axons in tissue culture by transplanted oligodendrocytes (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-19
    Description: Unmyelinated mouse cerebellar cerebellar cultures in which oligodendrocyte differentiation had been suppressed by exposure to cytosine arabinoside developed axonal myelin after superimposition of kainic acid-treated cerebellar explants devoid of myelin-receptive axons. The latter explants contained differentiated oligodendrocytes. The operation of a diffusible myelin-stimulating factor was ruled out by the failure of myelination in cytosine arabinoside-exposed explants not in direct contact with oligodendrocyte-containing transplants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seil, F -- Blank, N K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 19;212(4501):1407-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Axons/drug effects/*physiology ; Cerebellum/drug effects/*physiology ; Collagen ; Cytarabine/pharmacology ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Mice ; Myelin Sheath/drug effects/*physiology ; Neuroglia/*transplantation ; Oligodendroglia/*transplantation ; Organ Culture Techniques
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  • 46
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    Early removal of one eye reduces normally occurring cell death in the remaining eye (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: During normal development of the hamster eye, there is a substantial loss of cells from the retinal ganglion cell layer in the first two postnatal weeks. If one eye is lost at birth, this cell death is reduced in the remaining eye. This may account for the increased ipsilateral projection from this eye to the thalamus and midbrain observed in these animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sengelaub, D R -- Finlay, B L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):573-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cell Survival ; Cricetinae ; Kinetics ; Neurons/*physiology ; Rats ; Retina/cytology/*physiology
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  • 47
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    Morphine-induced attenuation of morphine tolerance (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: Rats experienced both morphine and an environmental cue, but the cue always signaled a drug-free period. They were subsequently administered morphine in the presence of the cue, and the development of analgesic tolerance was assessed. The prior experience retarded such tolerance. The finding that a procedure of opiate administration can retard opiate tolerance suggests that an association between cues preceding the drug and the drug itself contributes to tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siegel, S -- Hinson, R E -- Krank, M D -- DA-01200/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1533-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning, Operant/*drug effects ; Drug Tolerance ; Light ; Morphine/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 48
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    Pentobarbital: dual actions to increase brain benzodiazepine receptor affinity (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-27
    Description: The binding of [3H]diazepam to benzodiazepine receptors was studied in extensively washed membranes of rat cerebral cortex in the presence of the depressant barbiturate, pentobarbital. Pentobarbital, like the endogenous neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), increased the basal binding and also potentiated the GABA-enhanced binding of [3H]diazepam to benzodiazepine receptors by increasing the apparent affinity of [3H]diazepam for the benzodiazepine receptor. The concentrations of pentobarbital necessary to elicit these effects in vitro are the same as those observed after treatment with pharmacologically relevant doses, suggesting that a common neurochemical association may exist between these types of compounds.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Skolnick, P -- Moncada, V -- Barker, J L -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 27;211(4489):1448-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6258230" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/drug effects ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Diazepam/metabolism ; Male ; Pentobarbital/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Stimulation, Chemical ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology
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  • 49
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    Studies in histocompatibility (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snell, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):172-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics ; Antigens, Viral/genetics ; Antigens, Viral, Tumor ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genotype ; H-2 Antigens/genetics ; Heterozygote ; *Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics/*immunology ; Pedigree ; Rats ; Species Specificity
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  • 50
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    Immunization of Baboons with Schistosoma mansoni Cercariae attenuated by gamma irradiation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: Studies on the efficacy of a vaccine against schistosomiasis in young baboons (Papio anubis) disclosed that immunization with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae attenuated by gamma irradiation induced significant protection against subsequent infection with normal, viable S. mansoni cercariae. Such immunization resulted in reduced worm burdens (70 percent) and egg excretion rates (82 percent). These results support immunization as a potential method for schistosomiasis control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stek M, F r -- Minard, P -- Dean, D A -- Hall, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1518-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233238" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; *Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Papio ; Schistosoma mansoni/immunology/*radiation effects ; Schistosomiasis/prevention & control
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    Bee venom enhances guanylate cyclase activity (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: Bee venom and phospholipase A2 extracted from bee venom enhanced guanylate cyclase (E.C. 4.6.1.2) activity two- to threefold in rat liver, lung, heart, kidney, ileum, and cerebellum. Dose-response relationships revealed that bee venom at concentrations as low as 1 microgram per milliliter and phospholipase A2 at 1 microunit per milliliter caused a maximal enhancement of guanylate cyclase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vesely, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):359-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6113689" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bee Venoms/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanylate Cyclase/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Organ Specificity ; Phospholipases/*pharmacology ; Phospholipases A/*pharmacology ; Phospholipases A2 ; Rats
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    Biopterin cofactor biosynthesis: independent regulation of GTP cyclohydrolase in adrenal medulla and cortex (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-17
    Description: Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase, the enzyme that is apparently rate-limiting in biopterin biosynthesis, is increased in adrenal cortex and medulla of rats treated with insulin or reserpine. Denervation and hypophysectomy block the increase in medullary and cortical enzyme activity, respectively, whereas cycloheximide presents the increase in both tissues. These results provide evidence for induction and regulation of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viveros, O H -- Lee, C L -- Abou-Donia, M M -- Nixon, J C -- Nichol, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 17;213(4505):349-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7017928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Cortex/drug effects/*enzymology ; Adrenal Glands/innervation ; Adrenal Medulla/drug effects/*enzymology ; Aminohydrolases/*metabolism ; Animals ; Biopterin/*biosynthesis ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Denervation ; GTP Cyclohydrolase/*metabolism ; Hypophysectomy ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Male ; Organ Specificity ; Pteridines/*biosynthesis ; Rats ; Reserpine/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Angiotensin II binding sites in rat brain (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Houten, M -- Posner, B I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1376.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6274018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Angiotensin/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism
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    Mouse pox threat (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: A News and Comment Briefing ("OSHA backs away from strict lab rules," 28 Nov. 1980, p. 992) incorrectly quoted a National Research Council report on safe handling of laboratory chemicals as saying, "For most laboratory environments, ... regular monitoring of the airborne concentrations of a variety of different toxic materials is both unjustified and unjust." The report actually said it was "unjustified and impractical."〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wallace, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):438.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6256854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Laboratory/*microbiology ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Ectromelia virus ; Ectromelia, Infectious/*epidemiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Poxviridae Infections/*epidemiology ; Rodent Diseases/epidemiology ; United States
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    Hormonal requirements for growth of arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro: and endocrine approach to atherosclerosis (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-15
    Description: In this study the hormonal requirements for the growth of arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro were determined. A serum-free, biochemically defined medium, supplemented with the relevant hormones, permitted proliferation and propagation of normal diploid mammalian arterial smooth muscle cells. Serum-free, hormone-supplemented cultures spontaneously formed atherosclerotic plaque-like nodules. Thus atherosclerosis may be mediated by a complex endocrine system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinstein, R -- Stemerman, M B -- Maciag, T -- AM 07026/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 06197/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 07374/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 15;212(4496):818-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7013068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal/cytology ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Growth Substances/pharmacology ; Hormones/*pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*cytology ; Rats ; Transferrin/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Receptor for albumin on the liver cell surface may mediate uptake of fatty acids and other albumin-bound substances (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Kinetic analysis of the uptake of carbon-14-labeled oleate in a single-pass perfusion of rat liver and saturable and specific binding of iodine-125-labeled albumin to hepatocytes in suspension suggest the existence of a receptor for albumin on the liver cell surface. The putative receptor appears to mediate uptake of albumin-bound fatty acids by the cell and may account for the efficient hepatic extraction of many other substances tightly bound to albumin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weisiger, R -- Gollan, J -- Ockner, R -- AM-07007/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-13328/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM-21899/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1048-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6258226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Female ; Kinetics ; Liver/*metabolism ; Oleic Acids/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Receptors, Albumin ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Serum Albumin/*metabolism
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    Novel peptide neuronal system in rat brain and pituitary (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-12-11
    Description: Immunohistofluorescence studies of the rat central nervous system with antibodies to Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (molluskan cardioexcitatory peptide) revealed a widespread neuronal system in the brain, spinal cord, and posterior pituitary. Immunoreactive axons and cell bodies were mainly located in cortical, limbic, and hypothalamic areas. Immunostaining of serial sections of the brain and pituitary showed that the Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 immunoreactive neurons were different from neurons labeled by antibodies to either Met-enkephalin or the putative Met-enkephalin precursor Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, which is structurally related to Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2. Control staining by antiserum absorption and radioimmunoassay indicated that the antibodies that caused the specific immunofluorescence recognized peptides with an amidated Arg-Phe sequence at the carboxyl terminus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weber, E -- Evans, C J -- Samuelsson, S J -- Barchas, J D -- DA 01207/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 23861/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 11;214(4526):1248-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7029714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/analysis ; *Brain Chemistry ; FMRFamide ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*analysis ; Neurons/*analysis ; Organ Specificity ; Pituitary Gland/*analysis ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/*analysis
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    Intrinsic birefringence signal preceding the onset of contraction in heart muscle (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-08-07
    Description: An intrinsic birefringence signal with two components occurring before sarcomere shortening was measured in mammalian cardiac muscle. The second component was sensitive to the inotropic state of the muscle as affected by external calcium concentration and epinephrine but not by changes of resting length. The second component was absent in frog heart. These results suggest that the second component of the birefringence signal reflects the activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum related to excitation-contraction coupling processes occurring prior to onset of contraction in mammalian cardiac muscle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weiss, R -- Morad, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 7;213(4508):663-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Birefringence ; Calcium/*physiology ; Cats ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/*physiology ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Rats ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Prenatal exposure to ethanol alters the organization of hippocampal mossy fibers in rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-02-27
    Description: Rats exposed to ethanol throughout their gestation were found to have abnormally distributed mossy fibers in temporal regions of the hippocampus. This demonstrates that prenatal exposure to ethanol causes alterations in neuronal circuitry that persist to maturity. Such defects may play a role in the mental retardation often observed in children with fetal alcohol syndrome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, J R -- Hodges, C A -- Black, A C Jr -- AA-03884/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 27;211(4485):957-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/*etiology ; Animals ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Hippocampus/abnormalities/drug effects/*embryology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*drug effects ; Rats
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    Ethanol tolerance in the rat is learned (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Rats were trained to walk on a treadmill to avoid foot shock. The animals developed tolerance for ethanol if given subsequent practice while ethanol intoxicated. Rats given equivalent doses of ethanol after practice did not develop tolerance, nor did saline-treated controls. These results challenge the hypothesis that mere repeated doses of ethanol are sufficient to induce tolerance. It seems that tolerance does not develop unless the response used to measure tolerance is performed while the subject is intoxicated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wenger, J R -- Tiffany, T M -- Bombardier, C -- Nicholls, K -- Woods, S C -- 03504/PHS HHS/ -- AA 04658/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):575-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Tolerance ; Ethanol/blood/*pharmacology ; Rats
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    Thyroidectomy increases rat hepatic ferritin iron (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Winkelmann, J C -- Mariash, C N -- Towle, H C -- Oppenheimer, J H -- AM00800/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM19812/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26919/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):569-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6166047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ferritins/*metabolism ; Hypothyroidism/metabolism ; Iron/*metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Orotic Acid/metabolism ; Polyribosomes/metabolism ; RNA/genetics ; Rats ; *Thyroidectomy
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    Evaluation of nitrate synthesis by intestinal microorganisms in vivo (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: The nitrate balance of germfree and conventional rats was assessed to determine whether the intestinal flora produces nitrate in vivo. The results indicate that there can be excess nitrate in the urine of germfree as well as conventional rats. This nitrate is apparently of host origin, and the presence of intestinal flora decreases the output of nitrate in urine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witter, J P -- Gatley, S J -- Balish, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):449-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244641" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Germ-Free Life ; Glucose/metabolism ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Nitrates/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Rats
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    Intestinal M cells: a pathway for entry of reovirus into the host (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-04-24
    Description: Thirty minutes after inoculation of reovirus type 1 into the intestinal lumen of the mouse, viruses were found adhering to the surface of intestinal M cells but not other epithelial cells. Within 1 hour, viruses were seen in the M cell cytoplasm and were associated with mononuclear cells in the intercellular space adjacent to the M cell. These findings suggest that M cells are the site where reovirus penetrates the intestinal epithelium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolf, J L -- Rubin, D H -- Finberg, R -- Kauffman, R S -- Sharpe, A H -- Trier, J S -- Fields, B N -- AI 13178/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AM 07121/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 17537/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 24;212(4493):471-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Suckling/microbiology ; Endocytosis ; Extracellular Space/microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology/*microbiology ; Mice ; Peyer's Patches/microbiology ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Reoviridae/*physiology ; Reoviridae Infections/*pathology
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    Gene for neuraminidase activity on mouse chromosome 17 near h-2: pleiotropic effects on multiple hydrolases (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: The low activity of liver neuraminidase that is characteristic of mouse strain SM/J is inherited as a single gene on chromosome 17, near the major histocompatibility complex. This gene, neuraminidase-1 (Neu-1), is represented by the low activity allele Neu-1s in SM/J and the high activity allele Neu-1b in C57BL/6J and most other strains. Previously described variations in the posttranslational processing of acid phosphatase, alpha-mannosidase, arylsulfatase-B, and alpha-glucosidase are attributed to pleiotropic effects of this gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Womack, J E -- Yan, D L -- Potier, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):63-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; H-2 Antigens/genetics ; Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Liver/enzymology ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains/*genetics/metabolism ; Neuraminidase/*genetics ; Protein Precursors/*metabolism ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sialic Acids/metabolism
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    Metastatic potential is positively correlated with cell surface sialylation of cultured murine tumor cell lines (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: The ability of murine tumor cells to metastasize spontaneously from subcutaneous sites is positively correlated with the total sialic acid content of the cells in culture, the degree to which the sialic acid is exposed on the tumor cell surface, and, most strongly, with the degree of sialylation of galactosyl and N-acetylgalactosaminyl residues in cell surface glycoconjugates. These findings suggest that sialic acid on the cell surface may play a role in tumor cell metastasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yogeeswaran, G -- Salk, P L -- CA19312-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1514-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/*physiology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Mice ; *Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*physiopathology ; Sialic Acids/*analysis
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    Therapy of mouse lymphoma with monoclonal antibodies to glycolipid: selection of low antigenic variants in vivo (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: Growth of mouse lymphoma L5178Y, which contains large quantitites of the gangliotriosylceramide (GgOs3Cer), in DBA/2 mice was suppressed by passive immunization with monoclonal immunoglobulin G3 antibodies to GgOS3Cer, but not by immunoglobulin M antibodies with or without added complement. Most groups of mice treated with monoclonal immunoglobulin G3 antibodies did not develop tumors, but the tumor that appeared in a treated animal had a much lower amount of the GgOS3Cer than the cells used for inoculation. Thus, passive immunization either prevented growth of the lymphoma or caused selection of a variant with a lower quantity of the antigen GgOS3Cer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, W W Jr -- Hakomori, S I -- CA27746/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):487-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; Antigens, Surface ; Clone Cells/immunology ; Glycolipids/*immunology ; Hybrid Cells/immunology ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin G/administration & dosage ; Immunoglobulin M/administration & dosage ; Immunotherapy ; Lymphoma/immunology/*therapy ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
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    Drug discrimination learning in lead-exposed rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: Lead acetate (0.02 or 0.5 percent) was administered to dams throughout the lactation period with half of the litters continuing on lead after weaning. Drug thresholds for d-amphetamine were determined by using the drug-discrimination learning paradigm. All the offspring that had been exposed to lead were less sensitive to the stimulus properties of d-amphetamine irrespective of whether or not they had continued on lead after weaning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zenick, H -- Goldsmith, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):569-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Dextroamphetamine/*pharmacology ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects ; Lead Poisoning/*physiopathology ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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    Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing): increased activity in cancer cells (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-04-24
    Description: The specific activity of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of de novo uridine 5'-triphosphate biosynthesis, was increased in 13 transplantable hepatomas, particularly in the rapidly growing tumors (5.7- to 9.5-fold), and the rise was correlated with tumor growth rates. Thus, synthetase activity was linked with both hepatic neoplastic transformation and progression. Synthetase specific activity was so elevated in a transplantable sarcoma (18-fold) and a kidney adenocarcinoma (5-fold). The increased activity should enhance the capacity of the pathway and should confer selective advantages to cancer cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aoki, T -- Weber, G -- CA-05034/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-13526/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 24;212(4493):463-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/enzymology ; Animals ; Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing)/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Ligases/*metabolism ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/*enzymology/pathology ; Liver Regeneration ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Rats ; Sarcoma, Experimental/enzymology
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  • 69
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    Suckling infant rats learn a preference for a novel olfactory stimulus paired with milk delivery (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-01-30
    Description: When presented a novel olfactory stimulus while suckling a passive dam, 11- to 14-day-old rat pups acquire a conditioned preference for that stimulus. The magnitude of the conditioned preference is greater if the pups received milk while suckling than if they did not. The results indicate that infants are capable of learning while suckling and that milk delivery plays a role in this associative process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brake, S C -- MH 32429/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 30;211(4481):506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7192882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Population Groups/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling/*physiology ; Association Learning/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Conditioning (Psychology) ; Female ; *Lactation ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Smell
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  • 70
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    Exposure of rats to alcohol in utero alters drug sensitivity in adulthood (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-06-26
    Description: Pregnant rats were intubated with alcohol (ethanol, 3 grams per kilogram) twice daily throughout gestation. Control animals received solutions of isocaloric sucrose. At birth, offspring were placed with untreated surrogate dams. Beginning at 6 months of age, the offspring were tested for their thermogenic responsiveness to various drugs and to cold. Prenatal exposure to alcohol resulted in tolerance to alcohol and cross-tolerance to pentobarbital and diazepam but did not affect responsiveness to cold. This pattern of effects suggest that prenatal exposure to alcohol produces specific long-term effects on the neural mechanisms underlying drug tolerance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abel, E L -- Bush, R -- Dintcheff, B A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jun 26;212(4502):1531-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7233243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chlorpromazine/pharmacology ; Dextroamphetamine/pharmacology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Drug Tolerance ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fetus/*drug effects ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Pentobarbital/pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Rats
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  • 71
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    Cyclophosphamide-induced spermatogenic effects detected in the F1 generation by behavioral testing (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: Fischer 344 male rats were treated with cyclophosphamide (10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) for 5 weeks and subsequently mated to females previously treated with saline or cyclophosphamide. The F1 progeny of the cyclophosphamide-treated males exhibited behavior deficits when compared to controls. These data could indicate a chemically induced genetic effect manifested by behavioral alterations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Adams, P M -- Fabricant, J D -- Legator, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):80-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Cyclophosphamide/*pharmacology ; Female ; Locomotion ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Mutation ; Rats ; Spermatogenesis/*drug effects
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  • 72
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    In vivo carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of mammals (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-06
    Description: Natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR) from human arm and rat tissues have been observed in vivo. These signals arise primarily from triglycerides in fatty tissue. Carbon-13 NMR was also used to follow, in a living rat, the conversion of C-1-labeled glucose, which was introduced into the stomach, to C-1-labeled liver glycogen. The carbon-13 sensitivity and resolution obtained shows that natural abundance carbon-13 NMR will be valuable in the study of disorders in fat metabolism, and that experiments with substrates labeled with carbon-13 can be used to study carbohydrate metabolism in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alger, J R -- Sillerud, L O -- Behar, K L -- Gillies, R J -- Shulman, R G -- Gordon, R E -- Shae, D -- Hanley, P E -- AM27121/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):660-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/drug effects ; Animals ; Carbon/*metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Glycogen/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/*methods ; Models, Structural ; Rats ; Time Factors
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  • 73
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    Sodium pump in skeletal muscle: central nervous system-induced suppression by alpha-adrenoreceptors (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akaike, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1252-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6267696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport, Active ; Catecholamines/physiology ; Decerebrate State ; Hypokalemia/*metabolism ; Male ; Muscle Denervation ; Muscles/*metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/*physiology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/*physiology ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*metabolism
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  • 74
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    Differentiation of murine bone marrow stem cells in vitro: long-term growth promoted by a lymphocyte-derived mediator (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-01-02
    Description: In attempts to induce differentiation of lymphoid cells from hematopoietic stem cells in vitro, the effects of allogeneic effect factor on the growth of murine bone marrow cultures were studied. Allogeneic effect factor is a soluble mediator derived from mixed secondary murine leukocyte cultures. For several weeks it supported the growth of bone marrow cultures, as indicated by the maintenance of stem cell activity, cellular proliferation, and heterogeneity. Another lymphokine, T cell growth factor, did not, Pre-T lymphocytes could be detected in these cultures for several weeks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altman, A -- Gilmartin, T D -- Katz, D H -- CA-25803/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jan 2;211(4477):65-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6934621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Communication ; Cell Differentiation/*drug effects ; Colony-Forming Units Assay ; Glycoproteins/*pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ; Lymph Nodes/cytology ; Lymphokines/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mitogens
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  • 75
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    Vaginocervical stimulation selectively increases metabolic activity in the rat brain (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-06
    Description: Vaginocervical stimulation affects progesterone secretion, sperm transport, sexual receptivity, locomotion, and perception of pain in female rats. In this experiment, vaginocervical stimulation produced statistically significant increases in the metabolic uptake of carbon-14-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the following brain areas (ordered by magnitude of uptake): medial preoptic, mesencephalic reticular formation, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, dorsal raphe, and globus pallidus. The results provide information about the concurrent processing of sensory stimulation by several neural areas and indicate that the medial preoptic area is a receiving area for copulatory stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, T O -- Adler, N T -- Greenberg, J H -- Reivich, M -- HD 04522/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- I T32 MH 15092/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS 10939-08/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 6;211(4486):1070-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Cervix Uteri/*innervation ; *Copulation ; Deoxyglucose/metabolism ; Female ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Physical Stimulation ; Preoptic Area/metabolism ; Rats ; Vagina/*innervation
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    Dye transfer through gap junctions between neuroendocrine cells of rat hypothalamus (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: Most magnocellular neurosecretory cells that terminate in the posterior pituitary secrete either vasopressin, oxytocin, or enkephalin. Intracellular injection of the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow into single magnocellular neurons in slices of rat hypothalamus resulted in dye transfer between these cells. Freeze-fracture replicas of these cells occasionally revealed gap junctions, which presumably contain channels that mediate the dye coupling. These two independent techniques strongly suggest that some mammalian neuropeptidergic cells are electrotonically coupled, providing a possible means for recruitment and synchronization of their electrical activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andrew, R D -- MacVicar, B A -- Dudek, F E -- Hatton, G I -- NS 01940/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS 16683/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1187-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Communication ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Freeze Fracturing ; Hypothalamus/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Intercellular Junctions/*physiology ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology ; Rats ; Supraoptic Nucleus/physiology
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  • 77
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    Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate modulates thyrotropin receptor clustering and thyrotropin activity in culture (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-11
    Description: A biologically active rhodamine conjugate of thyrotropin binds at 4 degrees C to diffusely distributed membrane thyrotropin receptors which patch and become endocytosed into thyroid cells in a temperature-sensitive process. When the cells are first incubated with 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate at 37 degrees C, the conjugate also binds to clustered receptors at 4 degrees C. Furthermore, 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate reduces the amount of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) induced by thyrotropin. Hence, increased intracellular cyclic AMP induces receptor patching and reduces the concentration of cyclic AMP normally induced by thyrotropin. This suggests that cyclic AMP acts both as the second messenger of thyrotropin and also as the regulator of the level of thyrotropin receptors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Avivi, A -- Tramontano, D -- Ambesi-Impiombato, F S -- Schlessinger, J -- CA-25820/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 11;214(4526):1237-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6272396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects/*metabolism ; Receptors, Thyrotropin ; Thyroid Gland/metabolism ; Thyrotropin/*metabolism/pharmacology
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    Endogenous opiates and stress-induced eating (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Antelman, S M -- Rowland, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1149-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302588" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Endorphins/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/drug effects/*physiology ; Humans ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
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  • 79
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    Chloramphenicol administration during brain development: impairment of avoidance learning in adulthood (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Rats treated with chloramphenicol from days 7 to 21 of intrauterine life (50 milligrams per kilogram per day, injected subcutaneously into the mothers) or in the first 3 days of extrauterine life (50 to 100 milligrams per kilogram per day) were trained for avoidance conditioning when 60 days old. The acquisition of the avoidance response was impaired to a highly significant degree in all the treated groups.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bertolini, A -- Poggioli, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):238-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*drug effects ; Brain/drug effects/embryology/*growth & development ; Chloramphenicol/*pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Sex Factors
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  • 80
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    Myeloma neuropathy: passive transfer from man to mouse (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-28
    Description: Mice were injected daily, for up to 10 weeks, with purified monoclonal immunoglobulin G from patients with myelomatous polyneuropathy or benign gammopathy. The animals developed a demyelinating polyneuropathy with slowed nerve conduction velocities. The putative antinerve factor may be an antibody since injection of Fab fragments from the monoclonal immunoglobulin G produced a similar demyelination. This provides evidence of a circulating factor in the serum of myeloma patients with polyneuropathy that reproduces typical features of the human disease on passive transfer. This disorder is thus distinguished from other neuropathies that occur as remote effects of malignant disease but have no identified pathogenic factors associated with them.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Besinger, U A -- Toyka, K V -- Anzil, A P -- Fateh-Mognadam, A -- Rouscher, R -- Heininger, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 28;213(4511):1027-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268405" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/*immunology ; Demyelinating Diseases/*etiology/immunology/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments ; Immunoglobulin G ; Mice ; Multiple Myeloma/*complications ; Neural Conduction
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  • 81
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    Reversal diabetes by islet transplantation: vulnerability of the established allograft (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowen, K M -- Prowse, S J -- Lafferty, K J -- AM28126-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1261-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6791285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ascitic Fluid/cytology ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/*therapy ; *Graft Rejection ; Islets of Langerhans/immunology ; *Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Mice ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Transplantation, Homologous
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  • 82
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    Reduction in oocyte number following prenatal exposure to a diet high in galactose (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-12-04
    Description: When pregnant rats were fed a 50 percent galactose diet there was a striking reduction in oocyte number in the offspring. The most prominent effects were noted after exposure to galactose during the premeiotic stages of oogenesis. Prenatal exposure to galactose or its metabolites may contribute to the premature ovarian failure characteristic of human galactosemia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y T -- Mattison, D R -- Feigenbaum, L -- Fukui, H -- Schulman, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 4;214(4525):1145-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7302587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*physiology ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects/physiology ; Galactose/*pharmacology ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Oocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Ovum/*physiology ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains
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  • 83
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    Conversion of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to fat cells by an inhibitor of methylation: effect of 3-deazaadenosine (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-13
    Description: 3-Deazaadenosine, an inhibitor of methylation, increased the frequency of conversion of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to fat cells in a dose-dependent manner. Once converted, the 3T3-L1 fat cells retained their adipose morphology and accumulated triglycerides even when 3-deazaadenosine was removed from the culture medium. 3-Deazaadenosine may perturb cellular methylation and thereby lead to an increase in the frequency of differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to fat cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chiang, P K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 13;211(4487):1164-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7466386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*cytology ; Animals ; Carnitine/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Methylation ; Mice ; Ribonucleosides/*pharmacology ; Tubercidin/*pharmacology
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  • 84
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    Calcium-induced cell death: susceptibility of cardiac myocytes is age-dependent (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chizzonite, R A -- Zak, R -- HL-07381/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-16637/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-20592/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 25;213(4515):1508-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7280671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Cell Survival/*drug effects ; Creatine Kinase/metabolism ; Heart/*drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Rats ; Sarcolemma/drug effects ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 85
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    Tyrosine increases blood pressure in hypotensive rats (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-01
    Description: Administration of tyrosine, the amino acid precursor of catecholamines, increased blood pressure 38 to 49 percent in rats made acutely hypotensive by hemorrhage; other large neutral amino acids were ineffective. Tyrosine's effect was abolished by adrenalectomy, suggesting that, in hypotensive animals, it acts by accelerating the peripheral synthesis and release of catecholamines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Conlay, L A -- Maher, T J -- Wurtman, R J -- AM-14228/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 1;212(4494):559-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Blood Pressure/*drug effects ; Catecholamines/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypotension/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Tyrosine/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 86
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    Behavioral effects of lead and Toxocara canis in mice (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: Adult mice were administered the common parasite Toxocara canis or lead or both. The parasite clearly altered mouse performance on tests of exploration, activity, learning, and motor coordination; behavioral effects in mice receiving lead alone were less general. Consequence of Toxocara administration appeared attenuated in animals receiving both agents. Parasite larvae were found in the central nervous system in all infected mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dolinsky, Z S -- Burright, R G -- Donovick, P J -- Glickman, L T -- Babish, J -- Summers, B -- Cypess, R H -- 08-K4AI00301A-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 08R1AI1478A-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- 5S07RR0749-04/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1142-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268424" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ascariasis/*complications ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Brain/parasitology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lead Poisoning/*complications/physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Toxocariasis/*complications/physiopathology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 87
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    Freeze-fracture cytochemistry: replicas of critical point-dried cells and tissues after fracture-label (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Applications of the new fracture-labeling techniques for the observation of cytochemical labels on platinum-carbon replicas are described. Frozen cells, embedded in a cross-linked protein matrix, and frozen tissues are fractured with a scalpel under liquid nitrogen, thawed, labeled, dehydrated by the critical point drying method, and replicated. This method allows direct, high-resolution, two-dimensional chemical and immunological characterization of the cellular membranes in situ, as well as detection of sites within cross-fractured cytoplasm and extracellular matrix.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉da Silva, P P -- Kachar, B -- Torrisi, M R -- Brown, C -- Parkison, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):230-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/analysis ; Cells/*ultrastructure ; Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/ultrastructure ; Erythrocytes/ultrastructure ; Freeze Fracturing/*methods ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Intracellular Membranes/ultrastructure ; Leukocytes/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron/methods ; Pancreas/ultrastructure ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/ultrastructure ; Platinum ; Rats
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  • 88
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    Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol increase plasma testosterone concentrations in mice (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-31
    Description: Oral administration of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol had a biphasic effect on plasma testosterone concentrations in male mice, causing rapid sustained increases at low doses and subsequent decreases at higher doses. In hypophysectomized and intact mice receiving gonadotropins (human chorionic gonadotropin), treatment with delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol maintained higher plasma testosterone concentrations. Thus, this cannabinoid may interact with gonadotropin and directly influence testicular steroidogenesis in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dalterio, S -- Bartke, A -- Mayfield, D -- 1R01 DA 02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P 30 HD 10202/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 31;213(4507):581-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Dronabinol/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Hypophysectomy ; Kinetics ; Luteinizing Hormone/*blood ; Male ; Mice ; Testosterone/*blood
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  • 89
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    A conjugate of alpha-amanitin and monoclonal immunoglobulin G to Thy 1.2 antigen is selectively toxic to T lymphoma cells (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-18
    Description: A covalent conjugate of an alpha-amanitin azo derivative and a monoclonal immunoglobulin G to the Thy 1.2 antigen on murine T lymphocytes was synthesized. The conjugate was 375- to 750-fold more inhibitory to murine T lymphoma S49.1 cells than the unconjugated derivative. At 0.7 X 10(-7) to 1.5 X 10(-7) M and at 4 X 10(-7) M amanitin equivalents, the conjugate inhibited protein synthesis in S49.1 cells by 50 percent and 80 to 96 percent, respectively. At these concentrations, mutant Thy l-deficient S49 cells and other murine lymphoma lacking Thy l altogether or carrying Thy 1.1 antigens were unaffected. This result demonstrated the potential for targeting amanitin to specific cell types.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, M T -- Preston, J F 3rd -- R01 CA 19043/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 18;213(4514):1385-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6115471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amanitins/*administration & dosage ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibodies/administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Antigens, Thy-1 ; Cells, Cultured ; Clone Cells/immunology ; Hybrid Cells/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/*administration & dosage ; Lymphoma/*drug therapy ; Membrane Proteins/*immunology ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    Ethanol reveals novel mercury detoxification step in tissues (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: Volatile mercury was produced de novo by mouse tissue homogenates that contained mercuric ions. Ethanol stimulated the release of tissue mercury into the vapor phase, and the mechanism appears to be an inhibition of reoxidation of volatile mercury. Components responsible for mercury volatilization are heat-labile. The highest volatilizing activity in the liver is associated with the soluble fraction obtained after centrifugation at 105,000g.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunn, J D -- Clarkson, T W -- Magos, L -- 01248/PHS HHS/ -- ES 01247/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- GM 07141/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1123-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell-Free System ; Cysteine ; Ethanol/*pharmacology ; Gases ; *Inactivation, Metabolic ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Mercury/*metabolism ; Mice ; Oxidation-Reduction
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  • 91
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    Substance P activity in the bullfrog retina: localization and identification in several vertebrate species (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: Immunoreactive substance P is present in the bullfrog retina, possibly in two types of stratified amacrine cells, with their somas in the inner nuclear layer and their neuronal processes entering the inner plexiform layer and ramifying in sublayers 3 or 4 (or both). Occasionally, polygonal somas positive for substance P were found in the ganglion cell layer. Approximately 75 percent of the cell bodies positive for substance P and 65 percent of the radioimmunoassayable substance P were found in the superior half of the frog retina. On the basis of high-performance liquid chromatography, the immunoreactive substance P in the neural retina of the rat, monkey, or chick is similar to synthetic substance P, whereas this is not true of the immunoreactive substance P in the bullfrog or carp retina.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eskay, R L -- Furness, J F -- Long, R T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1049-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6165081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chickens ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Macaca ; Rana catesbeiana ; Rats ; Retina/analysis/*cytology ; Species Specificity ; Substance P/*analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    Endogenous opiates and fasting (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ettenberg, A -- Rogers, J -- Koob, G F -- Bloom, F E -- Deutsch, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 11;213(4513):1282.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6267697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/physiology ; Animals ; Endorphins/*physiology ; *Fasting ; Pituitary Gland/physiology ; Rats
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  • 93
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    Exposure of newborn rats to pharmacologically active compounds may permanently alter carcinogen metabolism (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-02-13
    Description: Administration of phenobarbital to mother rats during early lactation causes long-term, perhaps permanent, alteration of hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity and aflatoxin B1 adduct formation in the adult male offspring. These findings suggest that perinatal exposure to pharmacologically active compounds may be a determinant of cancer risk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faris, R A -- Campbell, T C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 13;211(4483):719-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aflatoxins/metabolism ; Animal Population Groups/*physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Suckling/*physiology ; Carcinogens/*metabolism ; Enzyme Induction/drug effects ; Ethylmorphine-N-Demethylase/metabolism ; Microsomes, Liver/metabolism ; Mixed Function Oxygenases/*metabolism ; Oxidoreductases/*metabolism ; Phenobarbital/pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 94
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    Lateral diffusion of surface molecules in animal cells and tissues (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-21
    Description: When bound to cell surfaces, certain lectins such as concanavalin A induce a drop in the average diffusion coefficients (D) of a number of cell surface molecules. To find whether such anchorage modulation occurs naturally, D of surface antigens on different cell and tissue types were measured by fluorescence photobleaching recovery. Values for cells of the same tissue origin under different conditions of growth and association - in tissues, in small aggregates, and as isolated cells - varied by less than twofold when polyspecific monovalent antibodies to cell surface antigens were used, a range much less than the sixfold decrease in D observed after lectin-induced anchorage modulation. Thus, if reversible modulation of the diffusion rate is used naturally as a means of cell signaling, it must involve only a few kinds of surface receptors not detected by the antibodies used in this study. In certain tissues, however, a significant proportion of cells showed no apparent receptor mobility. This "all or none" modulation of lateral diffusion may reflect relatively long-lasting alterations in the states of a single cell type or differentiation among the cells of the particular tissue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gall, W E -- Edelman, G M -- AI-09273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI-11378/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AM-04256/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):903-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7196087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Surface/physiology ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Division ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Cytoskeleton/physiology ; Diffusion ; *Membrane Fluidity ; Mice
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  • 95
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    Blood-brain glucose transfer: repression in chronic hyperglycemia (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: Diabetic patients with increased plasma glucose concentrations may develop cerebral symptoms of hypoglycemia when their plasma glucose is rapidly lowered to normal concentrations. The symptoms may indicate insufficient transport of glucose from blood to brain. In rats with chronic hyperglycemia the maximum glucose transport capacity of the blood-brain barrier decreased from 400 to 290 micromoles per 100 grams per minute. When plasma glucose was lowered to normal values, the glucose transport rate into brain was 20 percent below normal. This suggests that repressive changes of the glucose transport mechanism occur in brain endothelial cells in response to increased plasma glucose.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gjedde, A -- Crone, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):456-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7027439" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Transport ; *Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain/blood supply ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Hyperglycemia/*metabolism ; Insulin/physiology ; Kinetics ; Rats ; Regional Blood Flow
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  • 96
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    Interferon action: RNA cleavage pattern of a (2'-5')oligoadenylate--dependent endonuclease (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-29
    Description: One of the mediators of interferon action is a latent endoribonuclease (ribonuclease L) that is activated by (2'-5')oligoadenylates. Among the homopolymers of the four common ribonucleotides, activated ribonuclease L degrades at an appreciable rate only polyuridylic acid. In two natural RNA's tested the most frequent ribonuclease L cleavages occur after UA, UG, and UU (A, adenine; U, uracil; and G, guanine) and much less frequent cleavages after CA and AC (C, cytosine).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Floyd-Smith, G -- Slattery, E -- Lengyel, P -- AI-12320/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA-16038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 29;212(4498):1030-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6165080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Nucleotides/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/enzymology ; *Endoribonucleases ; HeLa Cells/enzymology ; Humans ; Interferons/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Oligonucleotides/*pharmacology ; Oligoribonucleotides/*pharmacology ; Rna ; Ribonucleases/*metabolism ; Ribonucleotides/analysis ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 97
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    Parasitism and behavioral dominance among male mice (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-24
    Description: Infestations by the nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus can prevent adult male mice from becoming behaviorally dominant. The effect is dose-dependent and is more likely to influence the development of dominance than to disrupt existing dominance relationships. Doses capable of exerting this effect are not lethal and do not affect weight.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeland, W J -- R03 MH 32090/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 24;213(4506):461-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7244643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Dominance-Subordination ; Larva ; Male ; Mice ; Nematoda ; Nematode Infections/*psychology ; *Social Dominance
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  • 98
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    Long-term stress-induced analgesia and activation of the opiate system (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grau, J W -- Hyson, R L -- Maier, S F -- Madden, J 4th -- Barchas, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 18;213(4514):1409-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesia ; Animals ; Electroshock ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology ; Tail ; Time Factors
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  • 99
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    Detection of circulating metallothionein in rats injected with zinc or cadmium (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-11-13
    Description: Circulating metallothionein was measured by radioimmunoassay over a 13-day period in male Sprague-Dawley rats that received a sequence of three intraperitoneal injections (at 3-day intervals) of either 5 milligrams of zinc or 0.8 milligrams of cadmium per kilogram of body weight. These amounts of zinc and cadmium produced metallothionein concentrations in the range of 2 to 5 nanograms per milliliter of serum (zinc) and 2 to 15 nanograms per milliliter of serum (cadmium). In control rats given saline injections over the same period the metallothionein concentration ranged from 1 to 3 nanograms per milliliter of serum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garvey, J S -- Chang, C C -- ES 01629/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 13;214(4522):805-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7292012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cadmium/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Metalloproteins/*blood ; Metallothionein/*blood/immunology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Zinc/*pharmacology
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  • 100
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    Brown adipose tissue: thermic response increased by a single low protein, high carbohydrate meal (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: The weight of interscapular brown fat in the rat and its rate of respiration increased in response to a single meal. These data suggest that brown adipose tissue plays a role in the thermic effect of meals and that diet-induced thermogenesis may reflect the summation of the thermic effects of single meals during prolonged overeating.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glick, Z -- Teague, R J -- Bray, G A -- 1 RO1 AM 27019/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1125-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268419" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue, Brown/anatomy & histology/*metabolism ; Animals ; *Body Temperature Regulation ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*metabolism ; Dietary Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Liver/metabolism ; Organ Size ; *Oxygen Consumption ; Rats
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