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  • 1
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    Magnetite plaquettes are naturally asymmetric materials in meteorites (2016)
    Mineralogical Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: Life on Earth shows preference toward the set of organics with particular spatial configurations. Enantiomeric excesses have been observed for α-methyl amino acids in meteorites, which suggests that chiral asymmetry might have an abiotic origin. A possible abiotic mechanism that could produce chiral asymmetry in meteoritic amino acids is their formation under the influence of asymmetric catalysts, as mineral crystallization can produce spatially asymmetric structures. Although magnetite plaquettes have been proposed to be a possible candidate for an asymmetric catalyst, based on the suggestion that they have a spiral structure, a comprehensive description of their morphology and interpretation of the mechanism associated with symmetry-breaking in biomolecules remain elusive. Here we report observations of magnetite plaquettes in carbonaceous chondrites (CC) that were made with scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography (SXRCT). We obtained the crystal orientation of the plaquettes using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. SXRCT permits visualization of the internal features of the plaquettes. It provides an unambiguous conclusion that the plaquettes are devoid of a spiral feature and, rather that they are stacks of individual magnetite disks that do not join to form a continuous spiral. Despite the lack of spiral features, our EBSD data show significant changes in crystal orientation between adjacent magnetite disks. The magnetite disks are displaced in a consistent relative direction that lead to an overall crystallographic rotational mechanism. This work offers an explicit understanding of the structures of magnetite plaquettes in CC, which provides a fundamental basis for future interpretation of the proposed symmetry-breaking mechanism.
    Print ISSN: 0003-004X
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-3027
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Mineralogical Society of America
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  • 2
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    Axonal transport of mitochondria in mammalian CNS [Neuroscience] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-19
    Description: The lack of intravital imaging of axonal transport of mitochondria in the mammalian CNS precludes characterization of the dynamics of axonal transport of mitochondria in the diseased and aged mammalian CNS. Glaucoma, the most common neurodegenerative eye disease, is characterized by axon degeneration and the death of retinal ganglion...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    One-Third Magnetization Plateau with a Preceding Novel Phase in Volborthite (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-02
    Description: Author(s): H. Ishikawa, M. Yoshida, K. Nawa, M. Jeong, S. Krämer, M. Horvatić, C. Berthier, M. Takigawa, M. Akaki, A. Miyake, M. Tokunaga, K. Kindo, J. Yamaura, Y. Okamoto, and Z. Hiroi We have synthesized high-quality single crystals of volborthite, a seemingly distorted kagome antiferromagnet, and carried out high-field magnetization measurements up to 74 T and V 51 NMR measurements up to 30 T. An extremely wide 1 / 3 magnetization plateau appears above 28 T and continues over 74 T ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 227202] Published Mon Jun 01, 2015
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Magnetic control of transverse electric polarization in BiFeO3 (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-11
    Description: Article BiFeO 3 is one of the most widely studied multiferroic materials, as it offers a strong coupling between magnetism and electric polarization up to room temperature. Here, studying monodomain crystals, the authors find an additional electric polarization component orthogonal to the widely studied one. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms6878 Authors: M. Tokunaga, M. Akaki, T. Ito, S. Miyahara, A. Miyake, H. Kuwahara, N. Furukawa
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Polymer photonic crystals by self-assembly [Chemistry] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2012-09-05
    Description: The reduced chain entanglement of brush polymers over their linear analogs drastically lowers the energetic barriers to reorganization. In this report, we demonstrate the rapid self-assembly of brush block copolymers to nanostructures with photonic bandgaps spanning the entire visible spectrum, from ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR). Linear relationships were...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 6
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    Pressure effect on magnetism and multiferroicity in Mn2GeO4 (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-11
    Description: Author(s): T. Honda, T. Aoyama, J. S. White, Th. Strässle, L. Keller, M. Kenzelmann, F. Honda, A. Miyake, K. Shimizu, Y. Wakabayashi, and T. Kimura The effect of high pressure exceeding 6 GPa on magnetism and multiferroicity was investigated for the olivine Mn2GeO4 that shows successive magnetic transitions at ambient pressure and a ferroelectric ground state driven by spin-spiral order. We measured heat capacity, dielectric constant, and elect... [Phys. Rev. B 89, 104405] Published Mon Mar 10, 2014
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Immunocyte Ca2+ influx system mediated by LTRPC2 (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-08-18
    Description: We characterized an activation mechanism of the human LTRPC2 protein, a member of the transient receptor potential family of ion channels, and demonstrated that LTRPC2 mediates Ca2+ influx into immunocytes. Intracellular pyrimidine nucleotides, adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (ADPR), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), directly activated LTRPC2, which functioned as a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel and enabled Ca2+ influx into cells. This activation was suppressed by intracellular adenosine triphosphate. These results reveal that ADPR and NAD act as intracellular messengers and may have an important role in Ca2+ influx by activating LTRPC2 in immunocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sano, Y -- Inamura, K -- Miyake, A -- Mochizuki, S -- Yokoi, H -- Matsushime, H -- Furuichi, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 17;293(5533):1327-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan. sano.yorikata@yamanouchi.co.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11509734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ; Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/metabolism/pharmacology ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD38 ; Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Eosinophils/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Ion Channels ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membrane Potentials ; *Membrane Proteins ; Monocytes/*metabolism ; NAD/metabolism/pharmacology ; NAD+ Nucleosidase/metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocytes/*metabolism ; TRPM Cation Channels
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Resistive memory effects in BiFeO3 single crystals controlled by transverse electric fields (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: The effects of electric fields perpendicular to the c -axis of the trigonal cell in single crystals of BiFeO 3 are investigated through magnetization and resistance measurements. Magnetization and resistance exhibit hysteretic changes under applied electric fields, which can be ascribed to the reorientation of the magnetoelectric domains. Samples are repetitively switched between high- and low-resistance states by changing the polarity of the applied electric fields over 20 000 cycles at room temperature. These results demonstrate the potential of BiFeO 3 for use in non-volatile memory devices.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    Reducing the gender achievement gap in college science: a classroom study of values affirmation (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-11-27
    Description: In many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines, women are outperformed by men in test scores, jeopardizing their success in science-oriented courses and careers. The current study tested the effectiveness of a psychological intervention, called values affirmation, in reducing the gender achievement gap in a college-level introductory physics class. In this randomized double-blind study, 399 students either wrote about their most important values or not, twice at the beginning of the 15-week course. Values affirmation reduced the male-female performance and learning difference substantially and elevated women's modal grades from the C to B range. Benefits were strongest for women who tended to endorse the stereotype that men do better than women in physics. A brief psychological intervention may be a promising way to address the gender gap in science performance and learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyake, Akira -- Kost-Smith, Lauren E -- Finkelstein, Noah D -- Pollock, Steven J -- Cohen, Geoffrey L -- Ito, Tiffany A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 26;330(6008):1234-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1195996.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. akira.miyake@colorado.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Achievement ; Educational Measurement ; Female ; Humans ; *Learning ; Male ; Physics/*education ; *Self Concept ; Sex Factors ; *Social Values ; Stereotyping ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Low core-mantle boundary temperature inferred from the solidus of pyrolite (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: The melting temperature of Earth's mantle provides key constraints on the thermal structures of both the mantle and the core. Through high-pressure experiments and three-dimensional x-ray microtomographic imaging, we showed that the solidus temperature of a primitive (pyrolitic) mantle is as low as 3570 +/- 200 kelvin at pressures expected near the boundary between the mantle and the outer core. Because the lowermost mantle is not globally molten, this provides an upper bound of the temperature at the core-mantle boundary (T(CMB)). Such remarkably low T(CMB) implies that the post-perovskite phase is present in wide areas of the lowermost mantle. The low T(CMB) also requires that the melting temperature of the outer core is depressed largely by impurities such as hydrogen.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nomura, Ryuichi -- Hirose, Kei -- Uesugi, Kentaro -- Ohishi, Yasuo -- Tsuchiyama, Akira -- Miyake, Akira -- Ueno, Yuichiro -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):522-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1248186. Epub 2014 Jan 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436185" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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