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  • Articles  (228)
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  • Articles  (228)
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (228)
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  • 2015-2019  (52)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: Mitochondrial morphology is shaped by fusion and division of their membranes. Here, we found that adult myocardial function depends on balanced mitochondrial fusion and fission, maintained by processing of the dynamin-like guanosine triphosphatase OPA1 by the mitochondrial peptidases YME1L and OMA1. Cardiac-specific ablation of Yme1l in mice activated OMA1 and accelerated OPA1 proteolysis, which triggered mitochondrial fragmentation and altered cardiac metabolism. This caused dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Cardiac function and mitochondrial morphology were rescued by Oma1 deletion, which prevented OPA1 cleavage. Feeding mice a high-fat diet or ablating Yme1l in skeletal muscle restored cardiac metabolism and preserved heart function without suppressing mitochondrial fragmentation. Thus, unprocessed OPA1 is sufficient to maintain heart function, OMA1 is a critical regulator of cardiomyocyte survival, and mitochondrial morphology and cardiac metabolism are intimately linked.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wai, Timothy -- Garcia-Prieto, Jaime -- Baker, Michael J -- Merkwirth, Carsten -- Benit, Paule -- Rustin, Pierre -- Ruperez, Francisco Javier -- Barbas, Coral -- Ibanez, Borja -- Langer, Thomas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):aad0116. doi: 10.1126/science.aad0116.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany. Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany. ; Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. ; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany. ; INSERM UMR 1141, Hopital Robert Debre, Paris, France. Universite Paris 7, Faculte de Medecine Denis Diderot, Paris, France. ; Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain. ; Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IIS), Fundacion Jimenez Diaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain. thomas.langer@uni-koeln.de bibanez@cnic.es. ; Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany. Max-Planck-Institute for Biology of Aging, Cologne, Germany. Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. thomas.langer@uni-koeln.de bibanez@cnic.es.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Diet, High-Fat ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; GTP Phosphohydrolases ; Gene Deletion ; Heart/embryology ; Heart Failure/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics ; Metalloproteases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria, Heart/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Mitochondrial Degradation ; *Mitochondrial Dynamics ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology ; Myocardium/*metabolism/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology/pathology ; Proteolysis
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Akiyama, Hiroko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1135. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9386.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hiroko Akiyama is a professor at the Institute of Gerontology at the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, Japan. akiyama@iog.u-tokyo.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785447" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; *Longevity ; Retirement ; Social Security
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cleary, Allison S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1174-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aad7103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17078, USA. acleary@hmc.psu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Clone Cells/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Basal Cell/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Wnt1 Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; ras Proteins/genetics/metabolism
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gottlieb, Roberta A -- Bernstein, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1162-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8222.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. roberta.gottlieb@cshs.org. ; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26785456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Heart/*embryology ; Heart Failure/*metabolism ; Male ; Mitochondria, Heart/*metabolism/*physiology ; Mitochondrial Degradation/*physiology ; *Mitochondrial Dynamics ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*metabolism
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: Mono-ubiquitination of Fancd2 is essential for repairing DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The Fan1 nuclease, also required for ICL repair, is recruited to ICLs by ubiquitinated (Ub) Fancd2. This could in principle explain how Ub-Fancd2 promotes ICL repair, but we show that recruitment of Fan1 by Ub-Fancd2 is dispensable for ICL repair. Instead, Fan1 recruitment--and activity--restrains DNA replication fork progression and prevents chromosome abnormalities from occurring when DNA replication forks stall, even in the absence of ICLs. Accordingly, Fan1 nuclease-defective knockin mice are cancer-prone. Moreover, we show that a Fan1 variant in high-risk pancreatic cancers abolishes recruitment by Ub-Fancd2 and causes genetic instability without affecting ICL repair. Therefore, Fan1 recruitment enables processing of stalled forks that is essential for genome stability and health.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4770513/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4770513/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lachaud, Christophe -- Moreno, Alberto -- Marchesi, Francesco -- Toth, Rachel -- Blow, J Julian -- Rouse, John -- WT096598MA/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):846-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5634. Epub 2016 Jan 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK. ; Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK. ; School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK. ; Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK. j.rouse@dundee.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26797144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; DNA Repair ; *DNA Replication ; Endodeoxyribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2 Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genomic Instability/*genetics ; Liver Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Lymphoma/genetics/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*genetics ; *Ubiquitination
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Segal, Rosalind A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1494. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6280.1494.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosalind A. Segal is a neurobiology professor at Harvard Medical School and co-chair of cancer biology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. Send your story to SciCareerEditor@aaas.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013735" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; Neurobiology/manpower ; *Sexism ; *Women, Working
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: Ecological character displacement is a process of morphological divergence that reduces competition for limited resources. We used genomic analysis to investigate the genetic basis of a documented character displacement event in Darwin's finches on Daphne Major in the Galapagos Islands: The medium ground finch diverged from its competitor, the large ground finch, during a severe drought. We discovered a genomic region containing the HMGA2 gene that varies systematically among Darwin's finch species with different beak sizes. Two haplotypes that diverged early in the radiation were involved in the character displacement event: Genotypes associated with large beak size were at a strong selective disadvantage in medium ground finches (selection coefficient s = 0.59). Thus, a major locus has apparently facilitated a rapid ecological diversification in the adaptive radiation of Darwin's finches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamichhaney, Sangeet -- Han, Fan -- Berglund, Jonas -- Wang, Chao -- Almen, Markus Sallman -- Webster, Matthew T -- Grant, B Rosemary -- Grant, Peter R -- Andersson, Leif -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):470-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. ; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. leif.andersson@imbim.uu.se.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; Body Size/genetics ; *Droughts ; Ecuador ; Female ; Finches/*anatomy & histology/classification/*genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype ; HMGA2 Protein/genetics ; Haplotypes ; Organ Size/genetics ; Phylogeny ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Oocytes differentiate in diverse species by receiving organelles and cytoplasm from sister germ cells while joined in germline cysts or syncytia. Mouse primordial germ cells form germline cysts, but the role of cysts in oogenesis is unknown. We find that mouse germ cells receive organelles from neighboring cyst cells and build a Balbiani body to become oocytes, whereas nurselike germ cells die. Organelle movement, Balbiani body formation, and oocyte fate determination are selectively blocked by low levels of microtubule-dependent transport inhibitors. Membrane breakdown within the cyst and an apoptosis-like process are associated with organelle transfer into the oocyte, events reminiscent of nurse cell dumping in Drosophila We propose that cytoplasmic and organelle transport plays an evolutionarily conserved and functionally important role in mammalian oocyte differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lei, Lei -- Spradling, Allan C -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):95-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2156. Epub 2016 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. spradling@ciwemb.edu leile@med.umich.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Biological Evolution ; Cytoplasm/physiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Giant Cells/*cytology ; Mice ; Microtubules/drug effects/physiology ; Oocytes/*cytology ; *Oogenesis ; Organelles/*physiology
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):440-3. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6272.440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823410" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA Repair/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Neoplasm ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics/mortality ; Pedigree ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Ebola virus disease in humans is highly lethal, with case fatality rates ranging from 25 to 90%. There is no licensed treatment or vaccine against the virus, underscoring the need for efficacious countermeasures. We ascertained that a human survivor of the 1995 Kikwit Ebola virus disease outbreak maintained circulating antibodies against the Ebola virus surface glycoprotein for more than a decade after infection. From this survivor we isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize recent and previous outbreak variants of Ebola virus and mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Strikingly, monotherapy with mAb114 protected macaques when given as late as 5 days after challenge. Treatment with a single human mAb suggests that a simplified therapeutic strategy for human Ebola infection may be possible.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corti, Davide -- Misasi, John -- Mulangu, Sabue -- Stanley, Daphne A -- Kanekiyo, Masaru -- Wollen, Suzanne -- Ploquin, Aurelie -- Doria-Rose, Nicole A -- Staupe, Ryan P -- Bailey, Michael -- Shi, Wei -- Choe, Misook -- Marcus, Hadar -- Thompson, Emily A -- Cagigi, Alberto -- Silacci, Chiara -- Fernandez-Rodriguez, Blanca -- Perez, Laurent -- Sallusto, Federica -- Vanzetta, Fabrizia -- Agatic, Gloria -- Cameroni, Elisabetta -- Kisalu, Neville -- Gordon, Ingelise -- Ledgerwood, Julie E -- Mascola, John R -- Graham, Barney S -- Muyembe-Tamfun, Jean-Jacques -- Trefry, John C -- Lanzavecchia, Antonio -- Sullivan, Nancy J -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1339-42. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5224. Epub 2016 Feb 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. ; U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; Humabs BioMed SA, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. ; National Institute for Biomedical Research, National Laboratory of Public Health, Kinshasa B.P. 1197, Democratic Republic of the Congo. ; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Universita della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. njsull@mail.nih.gov.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26917593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & ; purification ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & ; purification ; Antibodies, Viral/*administration & dosage/immunology/isolation & purification ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ebolavirus/*immunology ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Macaca ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Survivors
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):284-7. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.284.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081051" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Fetal Diseases/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta/*prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; *Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Stem Cells
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):286. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.286.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081052" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation/*therapy ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Humans ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Uterine Artery ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*genetics
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1126. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1126.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cholesterol, HDL/*blood ; Coronary Disease/*blood/*genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B/*genetics
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing holds clinical potential for treating genetic diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. To correct DMD by skipping mutant dystrophin exons in postnatal muscle tissue in vivo, we used adeno-associated virus-9 (AAV9) to deliver gene-editing components to postnatal mdx mice, a model of DMD. Different modes of AAV9 delivery were systematically tested, including intraperitoneal at postnatal day 1 (P1), intramuscular at P12, and retro-orbital at P18. Each of these methods restored dystrophin protein expression in cardiac and skeletal muscle to varying degrees, and expression increased from 3 to 12 weeks after injection. Postnatal gene editing also enhanced skeletal muscle function, as measured by grip strength tests 4 weeks after injection. This method provides a potential means of correcting mutations responsible for DMD and other monogenic disorders after birth.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4760628/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4760628/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Long, Chengzu -- Amoasii, Leonela -- Mireault, Alex A -- McAnally, John R -- Li, Hui -- Sanchez-Ortiz, Efrain -- Bhattacharyya, Samadrita -- Shelton, John M -- Bassel-Duby, Rhonda -- Olson, Eric N -- DK-099653/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL-077439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-093039/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-111665/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK099653/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL093039/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL111665/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100401/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL-100401/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HD 087351/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):400-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5725. Epub 2015 Dec 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. eric.olson@utsouthwestern.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *CRISPR-Cas Systems ; Dependovirus ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dystrophin/*genetics ; Exons/genetics ; Female ; Forelimb/physiopathology ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Genome/genetics ; Hand Strength ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred mdx ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics/*therapy ; Myocardium/metabolism
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stevens, Beth -- Muthukumar, Allie K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):813. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2849.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. beth.stevens@childrens.harvard.edu. ; Department of Neurology, F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Cerebellar Cortex/*cytology ; Female ; Hedgehog Proteins/*metabolism ; Male ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*metabolism
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Sanchez et al.'s textbook k-anonymization example does not prove, or even suggest, that location and other big-data data sets can be anonymized and of general use. The synthetic data set that they "successfully anonymize" bears no resemblance to modern high-dimensional data sets on which their methods fail. Moving forward, deidentification should not be considered a useful basis for policy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Montjoye, Yves-Alexandre -- Pentland, Alex Sandy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1274. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1578.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Harvard University, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. yvesalexandre@demontjoye.com. ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Commerce ; *Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination ; Male ; *Privacy
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-05-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Takamura, Noboru -- Orita, Makiko -- Yamashita, Shunichi -- Chhem, Rethy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 May 6;352(6286):666. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6286.666-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan. takamura@nagasaki-u.ac.jp. ; Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan. ; Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523 Japan. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, Phnom Penh 622, Cambodia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27151855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced/*epidemiology ; *Disasters ; *Epidemics ; Female ; *Fukushima Nuclear Accident ; Humans ; Radiation Exposure/*adverse effects ; Thyroid Gland/*abnormalities/*pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*epidemiology
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Devkota, Suzanne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):452-3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1353.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. suzanne.devkota@cshs.org.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*drug effects/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Metformin/*pharmacology
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2016-03-05
    Description: During corticogenesis, excitatory neurons are born from progenitors located in the ventricular zone (VZ), from where they migrate to assemble into circuits. How neuronal identity is dynamically specified upon progenitor division is unknown. Here, we study this process using a high-temporal-resolution technology allowing fluorescent tagging of isochronic cohorts of newborn VZ cells. By combining this in vivo approach with single-cell transcriptomics in mice, we identify and functionally characterize neuron-specific primordial transcriptional programs as they dynamically unfold. Our results reveal early transcriptional waves that instruct the sequence and pace of neuronal differentiation events, guiding newborn neurons toward their final fate, and contribute to a road map for the reverse engineering of specific classes of cortical neurons from undifferentiated cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Telley, Ludovic -- Govindan, Subashika -- Prados, Julien -- Stevant, Isabelle -- Nef, Serge -- Dermitzakis, Emmanouil -- Dayer, Alexandre -- Jabaudon, Denis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1443-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8361. Epub 2016 Mar 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Switzerland. ; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Switzerland. ; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece. Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Switzerland. ; Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland. Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Switzerland. ; Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Clinic of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland. Institute for Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Switzerland. denis.jabaudon@unige.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26940868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics ; Cerebral Ventricles/cytology/embryology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Female ; GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Neocortex/cytology/*embryology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Neural Stem Cells/cytology ; Neurogenesis/*genetics ; Neurons/*cytology ; Neuropeptides/genetics ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptome
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2016-03-05
    Description: As tumors grow, they acquire mutations, some of which create neoantigens that influence the response of patients to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We explored the impact of neoantigen intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) on antitumor immunity. Through integrated analysis of ITH and neoantigen burden, we demonstrate a relationship between clonal neoantigen burden and overall survival in primary lung adenocarcinomas. CD8(+)tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes reactive to clonal neoantigens were identified in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer and expressed high levels of PD-1. Sensitivity to PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade in patients with advanced NSCLC and melanoma was enhanced in tumors enriched for clonal neoantigens. T cells recognizing clonal neoantigens were detectable in patients with durable clinical benefit. Cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced subclonal neoantigens, contributing to an increased mutational load, were enriched in certain poor responders. These data suggest that neoantigen heterogeneity may influence immune surveillance and support therapeutic developments targeting clonal neoantigens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McGranahan, Nicholas -- Furness, Andrew J S -- Rosenthal, Rachel -- Ramskov, Sofie -- Lyngaa, Rikke -- Saini, Sunil Kumar -- Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam -- Wilson, Gareth A -- Birkbak, Nicolai J -- Hiley, Crispin T -- Watkins, Thomas B K -- Shafi, Seema -- Murugaesu, Nirupa -- Mitter, Richard -- Akarca, Ayse U -- Linares, Joseph -- Marafioti, Teresa -- Henry, Jake Y -- Van Allen, Eliezer M -- Miao, Diana -- Schilling, Bastian -- Schadendorf, Dirk -- Garraway, Levi A -- Makarov, Vladimir -- Rizvi, Naiyer A -- Snyder, Alexandra -- Hellmann, Matthew D -- Merghoub, Taha -- Wolchok, Jedd D -- Shukla, Sachet A -- Wu, Catherine J -- Peggs, Karl S -- Chan, Timothy A -- Hadrup, Sine R -- Quezada, Sergio A -- Swanton, Charles -- 12100/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- 1R01CA155010-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1R01CA182461-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1R01CA184922-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):1463-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf1490. Epub 2016 Mar 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK. Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX), University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK. Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 1970 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. ; The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK. Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK. ; Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Department of Cellular Pathology, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Center for Cancer Precision Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69121 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Hematology/Oncology Division, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK. Cancer Immunology Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK. s.quezada@ucl.ac.uk charles.swanton@crick.ac.uk. ; The Francis Crick Institute, London WC2A 3LY, UK. Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK. s.quezada@ucl.ac.uk charles.swanton@crick.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26940869" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics/*immunology ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics/immunology ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; *Immunologic Surveillance ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/*immunology ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Male ; Melanoma/immunology ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology ; Skin Neoplasms/immunology
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McLaughlin, Kathleen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):283. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6283.283.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kathleen McLaughlin is a writer in Beijing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27081050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; China/epidemiology ; *Family Relations ; Female ; Human Migration ; Humans ; Male ; Rural Population/*statistics & numerical data ; Sociology ; Suicide/*statistics & numerical data
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2016-03-26
    Description: Brazil has experienced an unprecedented epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV), with ~30,000 cases reported to date. ZIKV was first detected in Brazil in May 2015, and cases of microcephaly potentially associated with ZIKV infection were identified in November 2015. We performed next-generation sequencing to generate seven Brazilian ZIKV genomes sampled from four self-limited cases, one blood donor, one fatal adult case, and one newborn with microcephaly and congenital malformations. Results of phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses show a single introduction of ZIKV into the Americas, which we estimated to have occurred between May and December 2013, more than 12 months before the detection of ZIKV in Brazil. The estimated date of origin coincides with an increase in air passengers to Brazil from ZIKV-endemic areas, as well as with reported outbreaks in the Pacific Islands. ZIKV genomes from Brazil are phylogenetically interspersed with those from other South American and Caribbean countries. Mapping mutations onto existing structural models revealed the context of viral amino acid changes present in the outbreak lineage; however, no shared amino acid changes were found among the three currently available virus genomes from microcephaly cases. Municipality-level incidence data indicate that reports of suspected microcephaly in Brazil best correlate with ZIKV incidence around week 17 of pregnancy, although this correlation does not demonstrate causation. Our genetic description and analysis of ZIKV isolates in Brazil provide a baseline for future studies of the evolution and molecular epidemiology of this emerging virus in the Americas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Faria, Nuno Rodrigues -- Azevedo, Raimunda do Socorro da Silva -- Kraemer, Moritz U G -- Souza, Renato -- Cunha, Mariana Sequetin -- Hill, Sarah C -- Theze, Julien -- Bonsall, Michael B -- Bowden, Thomas A -- Rissanen, Ilona -- Rocco, Iray Maria -- Nogueira, Juliana Silva -- Maeda, Adriana Yurika -- Vasami, Fernanda Giseli da Silva -- Macedo, Fernando Luiz de Lima -- Suzuki, Akemi -- Rodrigues, Sueli Guerreiro -- Cruz, Ana Cecilia Ribeiro -- Nunes, Bruno Tardeli -- Medeiros, Daniele Barbosa de Almeida -- Rodrigues, Daniela Sueli Guerreiro -- Nunes Queiroz, Alice Louize -- da Silva, Eliana Vieira Pinto -- Henriques, Daniele Freitas -- Travassos da Rosa, Elisabeth Salbe -- de Oliveira, Consuelo Silva -- Martins, Livia Caricio -- Vasconcelos, Helena Baldez -- Casseb, Livia Medeiros Neves -- Simith, Darlene de Brito -- Messina, Jane P -- Abade, Leandro -- Lourenco, Jose -- Carlos Junior Alcantara, Luiz -- de Lima, Maricelia Maia -- Giovanetti, Marta -- Hay, Simon I -- de Oliveira, Rodrigo Santos -- Lemos, Poliana da Silva -- de Oliveira, Layanna Freitas -- de Lima, Clayton Pereira Silva -- da Silva, Sandro Patroca -- de Vasconcelos, Janaina Mota -- Franco, Luciano -- Cardoso, Jedson Ferreira -- Vianez-Junior, Joao Lidio da Silva Goncalves -- Mir, Daiana -- Bello, Gonzalo -- Delatorre, Edson -- Khan, Kamran -- Creatore, Marisa -- Coelho, Giovanini Evelim -- de Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber -- Tesh, Robert -- Pybus, Oliver G -- Nunes, Marcio R T -- Vasconcelos, Pedro F C -- 090532/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 095066/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 102427/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- MR/L009528/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R24 AT 120942/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 15;352(6283):345-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5036. Epub 2016 Mar 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. ; Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Para State, Brazil. ; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. ; Instituto Adolfo Lutz, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. ; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. ; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. Metabiota, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA. ; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. ; Centre of Post Graduation in Collective Health, Department of Health, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. ; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. ; Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil. ; Laboratorio de AIDS and Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ; Brazilian Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil. ; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. ; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. Metabiota, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA. oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk marcionunesbrasil@yahoo.com.br pedrovasconcelos@iec.pa.gov.br. ; Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil. Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA. oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk marcionunesbrasil@yahoo.com.br pedrovasconcelos@iec.pa.gov.br. ; Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Para State, Brazil. oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk marcionunesbrasil@yahoo.com.br pedrovasconcelos@iec.pa.gov.br.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/virology ; Americas/epidemiology ; Animals ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insect Vectors/virology ; Microcephaly/*epidemiology/virology ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pacific Islands/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Travel ; Zika Virus/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Zika Virus Infection/*epidemiology/transmission/*virology
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):116-9. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6269.116.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744391" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Cortical Spreading Depression/drug effects/immunology/physiology ; Drug Design ; Drug Industry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Migraine Disorders/*immunology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Receptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/*antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Sex Ratio
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: Astrocytes are specialized and heterogeneous cells that contribute to central nervous system function and homeostasis. However, the mechanisms that create and maintain differences among astrocytes and allow them to fulfill particular physiological roles remain poorly defined. We reveal that neurons actively determine the features of astrocytes in the healthy adult brain and define a role for neuron-derived sonic hedgehog (Shh) in regulating the molecular and functional profile of astrocytes. Thus, the molecular and physiological program of astrocytes is not hardwired during development but, rather, depends on cues from neurons that drive and sustain their specialized properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farmer, W Todd -- Abrahamsson, Therese -- Chierzi, Sabrina -- Lui, Christopher -- Zaelzer, Cristian -- Jones, Emma V -- Bally, Blandine Ponroy -- Chen, Gary G -- Theroux, Jean-Francois -- Peng, Jimmy -- Bourque, Charles W -- Charron, Frederic -- Ernst, Carl -- Sjostrom, P Jesper -- Murai, Keith K -- FDN 143337/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP 111152/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP 123390/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- MOP 126137/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- NIA 288936/Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 19;351(6275):849-54. doi: 10.1126/science.aab3103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Molecular Biology of Neural Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Douglas Hospital Research Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada. ; Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. keith.murai@mcgill.ca.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912893" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Astrocytes/*metabolism ; Cerebellar Cortex/*cytology ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; Hedgehog Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mervis, Jeffrey -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):115. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6269.115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Financing, Organized/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Research Personnel ; Research Support as Topic/*statistics & numerical data ; *Sexism ; United States ; *Women, Working
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: Motivation for reward drives adaptive behaviors, whereas impairment of reward perception and experience (anhedonia) can contribute to psychiatric diseases, including depression and schizophrenia. We sought to test the hypothesis that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) controls interactions among specific subcortical regions that govern hedonic responses. By using optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging to locally manipulate but globally visualize neural activity in rats, we found that dopamine neuron stimulation drives striatal activity, whereas locally increased mPFC excitability reduces this striatal response and inhibits the behavioral drive for dopaminergic stimulation. This chronic mPFC overactivity also stably suppresses natural reward-motivated behaviors and induces specific new brainwide functional interactions, which predict the degree of anhedonia in individuals. These findings describe a mechanism by which mPFC modulates expression of reward-seeking behavior, by regulating the dynamical interactions between specific distant subcortical regions.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772156/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772156/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferenczi, Emily A -- Zalocusky, Kelly A -- Liston, Conor -- Grosenick, Logan -- Warden, Melissa R -- Amatya, Debha -- Katovich, Kiefer -- Mehta, Hershel -- Patenaude, Brian -- Ramakrishnan, Charu -- Kalanithi, Paul -- Etkin, Amit -- Knutson, Brian -- Glover, Gary H -- Deisseroth, Karl -- 1F31MH105151_01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P41 EB015891/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R00 MH097822/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):aac9698. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9698.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. ; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. ; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. deissero@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26722001" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anhedonia/*physiology ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Corpus Striatum/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Depressive Disorder/physiopathology ; Dopamine/pharmacology ; Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mesencephalon/cytology/drug effects/physiology ; *Motivation ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Oxygen/blood ; Prefrontal Cortex/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred LEC ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; *Reward ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology
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  • 27
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: Berkowitz et al. (Reports, 9 October 2015, p. 196) described a randomized field experiment testing whether a math app designed to increase parent-child interaction could also bring academic benefits. A reanalysis of the data suggests that this well-designed trial failed to find strong evidence for the efficacy of the intervention. In particular, there was no significant effect of the intervention on math performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frank, Michael C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1161. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8008. Epub 2016 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. mcfrank@stanford.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; *Intergenerational Relations ; Male ; Mathematics/*education ; *Parent-Child Relations ; Students/*psychology
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-05-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Midorikawa, Sanae -- Suzuki, Satoru -- Ohtsuru, Akira -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 May 6;352(6286):666-7. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6286.666-c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. hana@fmu.ac.jp. ; Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. Department of Thyroid and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. ; Radiation Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27151857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced/*epidemiology ; *Disasters ; *Epidemics ; Female ; *Fukushima Nuclear Accident ; Humans ; Radiation Exposure/*adverse effects ; Thyroid Gland/*abnormalities/*pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*epidemiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 29
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1123-4. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6278.1123.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain/*abnormalities/*virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Microcephaly/*virology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*virology ; World Health Organization ; *Zika Virus ; Zika Virus Infection/*complications
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-05-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyazaki, Makoto -- Tanigawa, Koichi -- Murakami, Michio -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 May 6;352(6286):666. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6286.666-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. ; Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. tanigawa@fmu.ac.jp. ; Department of Risk Communication, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27151856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced/*epidemiology ; *Disasters ; *Epidemics ; Female ; *Fukushima Nuclear Accident ; Humans ; Radiation Exposure/*adverse effects ; Thyroid Gland/*abnormalities/*pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms/*epidemiology
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  • 31
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):110-1. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6269.110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744386" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brazil/epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/*epidemiology/*virology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Fetal Blood/virology ; Flavivirus/isolation & purification/physiology ; Flavivirus Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Microcephaly/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*virology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*virology ; Virus Activation
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  • 32
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1250-1. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6279.1250. Epub 2016 Mar 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia ; Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones ; DNA/genetics ; Europe ; Female ; Fossils ; Humans ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Neanderthals/*genetics/*psychology ; *Sexual Behavior
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  • 33
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- Culotta, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 29;352(6285):503-4. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6285.503.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27126016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology ; Congresses as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Research Personnel ; Sexual Harassment/*prevention & control
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2016-03-05
    Description: Examining complete gene knockouts within a viable organism can inform on gene function. We sequenced the exomes of 3222 British adults of Pakistani heritage with high parental relatedness, discovering 1111 rare-variant homozygous genotypes with predicted loss of function (knockouts) in 781 genes. We observed 13.7% fewer homozygous knockout genotypes than we expected, implying an average load of 1.6 recessive-lethal-equivalent loss-of-function (LOF) variants per adult. When genetic data were linked to the individuals' lifelong health records, we observed no significant relationship between gene knockouts and clinical consultation or prescription rate. In this data set, we identified a healthy PRDM9-knockout mother and performed phased genome sequencing on her, her child, and control individuals. Our results show that meiotic recombination sites are localized away from PRDM9-dependent hotspots. Thus, natural LOF variants inform on essential genetic loci and demonstrate PRDM9 redundancy in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Narasimhan, Vagheesh M -- Hunt, Karen A -- Mason, Dan -- Baker, Christopher L -- Karczewski, Konrad J -- Barnes, Michael R -- Barnett, Anthony H -- Bates, Chris -- Bellary, Srikanth -- Bockett, Nicholas A -- Giorda, Kristina -- Griffiths, Christopher J -- Hemingway, Harry -- Jia, Zhilong -- Kelly, M Ann -- Khawaja, Hajrah A -- Lek, Monkol -- McCarthy, Shane -- McEachan, Rosie -- O'Donnell-Luria, Anne -- Paigen, Kenneth -- Parisinos, Constantinos A -- Sheridan, Eamonn -- Southgate, Laura -- Tee, Louise -- Thomas, Mark -- Xue, Yali -- Schnall-Levin, Michael -- Petkov, Petko M -- Tyler-Smith, Chris -- Maher, Eamonn R -- Trembath, Richard C -- MacArthur, Daniel G -- Wright, John -- Durbin, Richard -- van Heel, David A -- GM 099640/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MR/M009017/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 GM104371/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM104371/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- WT098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT099769/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT101597/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- WT102627/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom -- Arthritis Research UK/United Kingdom -- Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- Department of Health/United Kingdom -- Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):474-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aac8624. Epub 2016 Mar 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. ; Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK. ; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK. ; Center for Genome Dynamics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA. ; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. ; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK. ; Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK. ; TPP, Mill House, Troy Road, Leeds LS18 5TN, UK. ; Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK. ; 10X Genomics, 7068 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 415, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA. ; Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, London NW1 2DA, UK. Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK. ; School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. ; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Box 238, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. ; Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK. Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. ; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. rd@sanger.ac.uk d.vanheel@qmul.ac.uk. ; Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK. rd@sanger.ac.uk d.vanheel@qmul.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26940866" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Consanguinity ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Drug Prescriptions ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Fertility ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Genes, Lethal ; Genetic Loci ; Genome, Human ; Great Britain ; *Health ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/*genetics ; Homologous Recombination ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Mothers ; Pakistan/ethnology ; Phenotype
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: Postnatal colonization of the body with microbes is assumed to be the main stimulus to postnatal immune development. By transiently colonizing pregnant female mice, we show that the maternal microbiota shapes the immune system of the offspring. Gestational colonization increases intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells and F4/80(+)CD11c(+) mononuclear cells in the pups. Maternal colonization reprograms intestinal transcriptional profiles of the offspring, including increased expression of genes encoding epithelial antibacterial peptides and metabolism of microbial molecules. Some of these effects are dependent on maternal antibodies that potentially retain microbial molecules and transmit them to the offspring during pregnancy and in milk. Pups born to mothers transiently colonized in pregnancy are better able to avoid inflammatory responses to microbial molecules and penetration of intestinal microbes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gomez de Aguero, Mercedes -- Ganal-Vonarburg, Stephanie C -- Fuhrer, Tobias -- Rupp, Sandra -- Uchimura, Yasuhiro -- Li, Hai -- Steinert, Anna -- Heikenwalder, Mathias -- Hapfelmeier, Siegfried -- Sauer, Uwe -- McCoy, Kathy D -- Macpherson, Andrew J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1296-302. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2571.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Maurice Muller Laboratories (DKF), Universitatsklinik fur Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, Murtenstrasse 35, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. ; Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ; Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. ; Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. ; Maurice Muller Laboratories (DKF), Universitatsklinik fur Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, Murtenstrasse 35, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. andrew.macpherson@insel.ch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Escherichia coli/immunology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*immunology ; Germ-Free Life ; Immune System/*growth & development/*microbiology ; Immunity, Innate/genetics/*immunology ; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired/genetics/*immunology ; Intestines/*immunology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Pregnancy ; Symbiosis ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: Accurate sequence and assembly of genomes is a critical first step for studies of genetic variation. We generated a high-quality assembly of the gorilla genome using single-molecule, real-time sequence technology and a string graph de novo assembly algorithm. The new assembly improves contiguity by two to three orders of magnitude with respect to previously released assemblies, recovering 87% of missing reference exons and incomplete gene models. Although regions of large, high-identity segmental duplications remain largely unresolved, this comprehensive assembly provides new biological insight into genetic diversity, structural variation, gene loss, and representation of repeat structures within the gorilla genome. The approach provides a path forward for the routine assembly of mammalian genomes at a level approaching that of the current quality of the human genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gordon, David -- Huddleston, John -- Chaisson, Mark J P -- Hill, Christopher M -- Kronenberg, Zev N -- Munson, Katherine M -- Malig, Maika -- Raja, Archana -- Fiddes, Ian -- Hillier, LaDeana W -- Dunn, Christopher -- Baker, Carl -- Armstrong, Joel -- Diekhans, Mark -- Paten, Benedict -- Shendure, Jay -- Wilson, Richard K -- Haussler, David -- Chin, Chen-Shan -- Eichler, Evan E -- HG002385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG003079/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG007234/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG007635/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG007990/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG002385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U41 HG007635/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):aae0344. doi: 10.1126/science.aae0344.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. ; Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; McDonnell Genome Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. ; Pacific Biosciences of California, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. eee@gs.washington.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Contig Mapping ; Evolution, Molecular ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Gorilla gorilla/*genetics ; Humans ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paluck, Elizabeth Levy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):147. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5207. Epub 2016 Apr 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. epaluck@princeton.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Homophobia/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; *Politics ; *Transgender Persons
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2016-01-30
    Description: The mammalian Y chromosome is considered a symbol of maleness, as it encodes a gene driving male sex determination, Sry, as well as a battery of other genes important for male reproduction. We previously demonstrated in the mouse that successful assisted reproduction can be achieved when the Y gene contribution is limited to only two genes, Sry and spermatogonial proliferation factor Eif2s3y. Here, we replaced Sry by transgenic activation of its downstream target Sox9, and Eif2s3y, by transgenic overexpression of its X chromosome-encoded homolog Eif2s3x. The resulting males with no Y chromosome genes produced haploid male gametes and sired offspring after assisted reproduction. Our findings support the existence of functional redundancy between the Y chromosome genes and their homologs encoded on other chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamauchi, Yasuhiro -- Riel, Jonathan M -- Ruthig, Victor A -- Ortega, Egle A -- Mitchell, Michael J -- Ward, Monika A -- HD072380/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 29;351(6272):514-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1795.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. ; Aix-Marseille Universite, INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910, 13385 Marseille, France. ; Institute for Biogenesis Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 1960 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. mward@hawaii.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26823431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Haploidy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; SOX9 Transcription Factor/*genetics ; Sex-Determining Region Y Protein/*genetics ; Spermatogenesis/*genetics ; Spermatogonia/cytology/metabolism ; X Chromosome/*genetics ; Y Chromosome/*genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):214-5. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6270.214. Epub 2016 Jan 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anatomy, Comparative ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Colubridae/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Copulation ; Female ; Genitalia, Female/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Male
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is the major receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C). In humans, high amounts of HDL-C in plasma are associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Mice that have depleted Scarb1 (SR-BI knockout mice) have markedly elevated HDL-C levels but, paradoxically, increased atherosclerosis. The impact of SR-BI on HDL metabolism and CHD risk in humans remains unclear. Through targeted sequencing of coding regions of lipid-modifying genes in 328 individuals with extremely high plasma HDL-C levels, we identified a homozygote for a loss-of-function variant, in which leucine replaces proline 376 (P376L), in SCARB1, the gene encoding SR-BI. The P376L variant impairs posttranslational processing of SR-BI and abrogates selective HDL cholesterol uptake in transfected cells, in hepatocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from the homozygous subject, and in mice. Large population-based studies revealed that subjects who are heterozygous carriers of the P376L variant have significantly increased levels of plasma HDL-C. P376L carriers have a profound HDL-related phenotype and an increased risk of CHD (odds ratio = 1.79, which is statistically significant).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zanoni, Paolo -- Khetarpal, Sumeet A -- Larach, Daniel B -- Hancock-Cerutti, William F -- Millar, John S -- Cuchel, Marina -- DerOhannessian, Stephanie -- Kontush, Anatol -- Surendran, Praveen -- Saleheen, Danish -- Trompet, Stella -- Jukema, J Wouter -- De Craen, Anton -- Deloukas, Panos -- Sattar, Naveed -- Ford, Ian -- Packard, Chris -- Majumder, Abdullah al Shafi -- Alam, Dewan S -- Di Angelantonio, Emanuele -- Abecasis, Goncalo -- Chowdhury, Rajiv -- Erdmann, Jeanette -- Nordestgaard, Borge G -- Nielsen, Sune F -- Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne -- Schmidt, Ruth Frikke -- Kuulasmaa, Kari -- Liu, Dajiang J -- Perola, Markus -- Blankenberg, Stefan -- Salomaa, Veikko -- Mannisto, Satu -- Amouyel, Philippe -- Arveiler, Dominique -- Ferrieres, Jean -- Muller-Nurasyid, Martina -- Ferrario, Marco -- Kee, Frank -- Willer, Cristen J -- Samani, Nilesh -- Schunkert, Heribert -- Butterworth, Adam S -- Howson, Joanna M M -- Peloso, Gina M -- Stitziel, Nathan O -- Danesh, John -- Kathiresan, Sekar -- Rader, Daniel J -- CHD Exome+ Consortium -- CARDIoGRAM Exome Consortium -- Global Lipids Genetics Consortium -- R01 DK089256/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL117078/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- TL1 RR024133/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- TL1R000138/PHS HHS/ -- TL1RR024133/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1166-71. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3517.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. INSERM UMR 1166 ICAN, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Hopital de la Pitie, Paris, France. ; INSERM UMR 1166 ICAN, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Hopital de la Pitie, Paris, France. ; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan. ; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. ; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. The Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. ; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. ; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. ; Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. ; Glasgow Clinical Research Facility, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK. ; National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ; Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lubeck, Lubeck 23562, Germany. ; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. ; Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. ; Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. ; Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. ; Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. ; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France. ; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. ; Department of Epidemiology, Toulouse University-CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France. ; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany. ; Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. ; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. ; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Human Genetics, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hotel, Leicester, UK. ; Deutsches Herzzentrum Munchen, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany. ; Broad Institute and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Genetics, and the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. ; Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. rader@mail.med.upenn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cholesterol, HDL/*blood ; Coronary Disease/*blood/*genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Leucine/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Proline/genetics ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Risk ; Scavenger Receptors, Class B/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-02-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):652-5, 657. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6274.652. Epub 2016 Feb 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology ; Faculty ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Museums ; New York City ; Paleontology ; Sex Offenses/*psychology ; Sexual Harassment/*psychology ; Students/psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Women/*psychology
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  • 42
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pepling, Melissa E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):35-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf4943.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA. mepeplin@syr.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034359" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Giant Cells/*cytology ; Oocytes/*cytology ; *Oogenesis ; Organelles/*physiology
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: Influenza A virus (IAV) causes up to half a million deaths worldwide annually, 90% of which occur in older adults. We show that IAV-infected monocytes from older humans have impaired antiviral interferon production but retain intact inflammasome responses. To understand the in vivo consequence, we used mice expressing a functional Mx gene encoding a major interferon-induced effector against IAV in humans. In Mx1-intact mice with weakened resistance due to deficiencies in Mavs and Tlr7, we found an elevated respiratory bacterial burden. Notably, mortality in the absence of Mavs and Tlr7 was independent of viral load or MyD88-dependent signaling but dependent on bacterial burden, caspase-1/11, and neutrophil-dependent tissue damage. Therefore, in the context of weakened antiviral resistance, vulnerability to IAV disease is a function of caspase-dependent pathology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pillai, Padmini S -- Molony, Ryan D -- Martinod, Kimberly -- Dong, Huiping -- Pang, Iris K -- Tal, Michal C -- Solis, Angel G -- Bielecki, Piotr -- Mohanty, Subhasis -- Trentalange, Mark -- Homer, Robert J -- Flavell, Richard A -- Wagner, Denisa D -- Montgomery, Ruth R -- Shaw, Albert C -- Staeheli, Peter -- Iwasaki, Akiko -- 5T32HL066987-13/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- AI062428/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI064705/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI081884/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- F31 AG039163/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- HHSN272201100019C/PHS HHS/ -- K24 AG02489/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- K24 AG042489/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- N01 AI500031/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AG21342/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01HL102101/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01HL125501/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007019-36/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007019-38/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI055403/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):463-6. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf3926.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. ; Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. ; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. ; Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Institute of Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. ; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. akiko.iwasaki@yale.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Bacterial Infections/etiology/*immunology ; Caspase 1/metabolism ; Caspases/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/genetics/*immunology ; Influenza A virus/*immunology ; Influenza, Human/complications/*immunology ; Interferon-beta/immunology ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Monocytes/immunology ; Myxovirus Resistance Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*immunology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/*immunology/microbiology ; Toll-Like Receptor 7/genetics/metabolism ; Viral Load ; Young Adult
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2016-03-12
    Description: Frank presents an alternative interpretation of our data, yet reports largely similar results to those in our original Report. A critical difference centers on how to interpret and test interaction effects. Frank finds no mistakes in our analyses. We stand by our original conclusions of meaningful effects of the Bedtime Learning Together (BLT) math app on children's math achievement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berkowitz, Talia -- Schaeffer, Marjorie W -- Rozek, Christopher S -- Maloney, Erin A -- Levine, Susan C -- Beilock, Sian L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1161. doi: 10.1126/science.aad8555. Epub 2016 Mar 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. ; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. s-levine@uchicago.edu beilock@uchicago.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; *Intergenerational Relations ; Male ; Mathematics/*education ; *Parent-Child Relations ; Students/*psychology
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  • 45
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):131-2. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6282.131. Epub 2016 Apr 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Homophobia/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; *Politics ; *Transgender Persons
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Robbins, Trevor W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 1;351(6268):24-5. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9698.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK. twr2@cam.ac.uk.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26721987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anhedonia/*physiology ; Animals ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Dopaminergic Neurons/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; *Motivation ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; *Reward
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2016-04-29
    Description: Existing research depicts intergroup prejudices as deeply ingrained, requiring intense intervention to lastingly reduce. Here, we show that a single approximately 10-minute conversation encouraging actively taking the perspective of others can markedly reduce prejudice for at least 3 months. We illustrate this potential with a door-to-door canvassing intervention in South Florida targeting antitransgender prejudice. Despite declines in homophobia, transphobia remains pervasive. For the intervention, 56 canvassers went door to door encouraging active perspective-taking with 501 voters at voters' doorsteps. A randomized trial found that these conversations substantially reduced transphobia, with decreases greater than Americans' average decrease in homophobia from 1998 to 2012. These effects persisted for 3 months, and both transgender and nontransgender canvassers were effective. The intervention also increased support for a nondiscrimination law, even after exposing voters to counterarguments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broockman, David -- Kalla, Joshua -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 8;352(6282):220-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9713.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. dbroockman@stanford.edu. ; Department of Political Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27124458" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Florida ; Homophobia/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; *Politics ; Random Allocation ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Transgender Persons
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 22;352(6284):407. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6284.407. Epub 2016 Apr 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27102463" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antimalarials/*administration & dosage ; Cambodia/epidemiology ; Disease Eradication/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Male ; *Patient Selection ; Pilot Projects ; Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects ; Rural Population
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: Consolation behavior toward distressed others is common in humans and great apes, yet our ability to explore the biological mechanisms underlying this behavior is limited by its apparent absence in laboratory animals. Here, we provide empirical evidence that a rodent species, the highly social and monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), greatly increases partner-directed grooming toward familiar conspecifics (but not strangers) that have experienced an unobserved stressor, providing social buffering. Prairie voles also match the fear response, anxiety-related behaviors, and corticosterone increase of the stressed cagemate, suggesting an empathy mechanism. Exposure to the stressed cagemate increases activity in the anterior cingulate cortex, and oxytocin receptor antagonist infused into this region abolishes the partner-directed response, showing conserved neural mechanisms between prairie vole and human.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737486/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737486/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burkett, J P -- Andari, E -- Johnson, Z V -- Curry, D C -- de Waal, F B M -- Young, L J -- 1P50MH100023/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F31 MH102911-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- F32 HD008702/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 MH100023/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD011132/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51OD011132/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH096983/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01MH096983/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32GM08605-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):375-8. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4785.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. jpburke@emory.edu lyoun03@emory.edu. ; Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. ; Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. jpburke@emory.edu lyoun03@emory.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anxiety/psychology ; Anxiety, Separation/psychology ; Arvicolinae/blood/physiology/*psychology ; Corticosterone/blood ; Emotions/physiology ; Female ; *Helping Behavior ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Male ; Oxytocin/administration & dosage/*physiology ; Stress, Psychological/psychology
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cabezas-Wallscheid, Nina -- Trumpp, Andreas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 8;351(6269):126-7. doi: 10.1126/science.aae0325.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. ; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. a.trumpp@dkfz-heidelberg.de.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26744396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Lineage/*physiology ; Erythroid Cells/*cytology ; Female ; Hematopoiesis/*physiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; Liver/*embryology ; Male ; Megakaryocyte Progenitor Cells/*cytology ; Megakaryocytes/*cytology ; Myeloid Cells/*cytology ; Portal System/*embryology ; Pregnancy ; Stem Cell Niche/*physiology
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2016-03-19
    Description: De Montjoye et al. (Reports, 30 January 2015, p. 536) claimed that most individuals can be reidentified from a deidentified transaction database and that anonymization mechanisms are not effective against reidentification. We demonstrate that anonymization can be performed by techniques well established in the literature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanchez, David -- Martinez, Sergio -- Domingo-Ferrer, Josep -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):1274. doi: 10.1126/science.aad9295.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair in Data Privacy, Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avenue Paisos Catalans, 26, E-43007, Tarragona, Catalonia. david.sanchez@urv.cat. ; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair in Data Privacy, Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avenue Paisos Catalans, 26, E-43007, Tarragona, Catalonia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989243" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Commerce ; *Data Collection ; Female ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination ; Male ; *Privacy
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-04-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chatterjee, Rhitu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Apr 1;352(6281):24-7. doi: 10.1126/science.352.6281.24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27034354" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dialysis ; *Farmers ; Female ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Occupational Diseases/*etiology/*mortality/therapy ; *Occupational Exposure ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*etiology/*mortality/therapy
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  • 53
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gregersen, Peter K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 7;343(6175):1087-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1251426.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore LIJ Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 110430, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24604188" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crohn Disease/*genetics ; Dendritic Cells/*immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology ; *Gene-Environment Interaction ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/*genetics ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/*genetics ; Male ; Monocytes/*immunology ; STAT Transcription Factors/*genetics
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  • 54
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 24;346(6208):405-6. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6208.405.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25342776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*psychology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Testosterone/metabolism ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2014-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340075/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4340075/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Churcher, Thomas S -- Cohen, Justin M -- Novotny, Joseph -- Ntshalintshali, Nyasatu -- Kunene, Simon -- Cauchemez, Simon -- MR/K010174/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U54 GM088491/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 13;344(6189):1230-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1251449.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK. ; Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA 02127, USA. ; Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA 02127, USA. Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. ; National Malaria Control Program, Manzini, Swaziland. ; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK. Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. simon.cauchemez@pasteur.fr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Culicidae/parasitology ; Disease Eradication/*methods/*trends ; Endemic Diseases/*prevention & control ; Female ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/parasitology ; Malaria/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Mosquito Control/methods ; Seasons
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the synapse between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle. Defects in NMJ transmission cause muscle weakness, termed myasthenia. The muscle protein Dok-7 is essential for activation of the receptor kinase MuSK, which governs NMJ formation, and DOK7 mutations underlie familial limb-girdle myasthenia (DOK7 myasthenia), a neuromuscular disease characterized by small NMJs. Here, we show in a mouse model of DOK7 myasthenia that therapeutic administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding the human DOK7 gene resulted in an enlargement of NMJs and substantial increases in muscle strength and life span. When applied to model mice of another neuromuscular disorder, autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, DOK7 gene therapy likewise resulted in enlargement of NMJs as well as positive effects on motor activity and life span. These results suggest that therapies aimed at enlarging the NMJ may be useful for a range of neuromuscular disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arimura, Sumimasa -- Okada, Takashi -- Tezuka, Tohru -- Chiyo, Tomoko -- Kasahara, Yuko -- Yoshimura, Toshiro -- Motomura, Masakatsu -- Yoshida, Nobuaki -- Beeson, David -- Takeda, Shin'ichi -- Yamanashi, Yuji -- G0701521/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1505-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1250744.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University School of Health Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan. ; Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan. ; Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ; Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. ; Division of Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. yyamanas@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dependovirus ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle Proteins/*genetics ; Muscle, Skeletal/*innervation/physiopathology ; Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/genetics/*pathology/*therapy ; Neuromuscular Junction/*pathology
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1460-1. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6178.1460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; *Patient Advocacy ; United States
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: After an infection, pathogen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells) persist in nonlymphoid tissues to provide rapid control upon reinfection, and vaccination strategies that create T(RM) cell pools at sites of pathogen entry are therefore attractive. However, it is not well understood how T(RM) cells provide such pathogen protection. Here, we demonstrate that activated T(RM) cells in mouse skin profoundly alter the local tissue environment by inducing a number of broadly active antiviral and antibacterial genes. This "pathogen alert" allows skin T(RM) cells to protect against an antigenically unrelated virus. These data describe a mechanism by which tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells protect previously infected sites that is rapid, amplifies the activation of a small number of cells into an organ-wide response, and has the capacity to control escape variants.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ariotti, Silvia -- Hogenbirk, Marc A -- Dijkgraaf, Feline E -- Visser, Lindy L -- Hoekstra, Mirjam E -- Song, Ji-Ying -- Jacobs, Heinz -- Haanen, John B -- Schumacher, Ton N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 3;346(6205):101-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1254803. Epub 2014 Aug 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Division of Biological Stress Response, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Experimental Animal Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. ; Division of Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands. t.schumacher@nki.nl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Female ; Immunologic Memory/genetics/*immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Skin/*immunology/microbiology/virology ; Transcriptome
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143233/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4143233/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mann, Richard S -- R01 NS070644/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS070644/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):48-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1252431.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 13;344(6189):1213-4. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6189.1213.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24925995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Horses/*genetics/*physiology ; *Inbreeding ; Male ; *Physical Conditioning, Animal ; *Running ; Selection, Genetic
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):679. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6185.679.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Experimentation/*standards ; Animals ; Biomedical Research/*standards ; Cells ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Sex Factors ; United States ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):471-2. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6170.471.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Crohn Disease/genetics ; DNA/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Disease/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Humans ; Interleukin-18/genetics ; Keratins/genetics ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/genetics ; Male ; Neanderthals/*genetics ; Optic Disk/anatomy & histology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Smoking/genetics
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Silvente-Poirot, Sandrine -- Poirot, Marc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1445-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1252787.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UMR 1037 INSERM-University Toulouse III, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, and Institut Claudius Regaud, 31052 Toulouse, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675946" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Mice
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 17;346(6207):292-5. doi: 10.1126/science.346.6207.292.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25324367" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Child ; Female ; Health ; Humans ; Infant ; Longevity ; Male ; Papio/*physiology/*psychology ; Reproduction ; Starvation/epidemiology/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology/*physiopathology
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Birds are the most species-rich class of tetrapod vertebrates and have wide relevance across many research fields. We explored bird macroevolution using full genomes from 48 avian species representing all major extant clades. The avian genome is principally characterized by its constrained size, which predominantly arose because of lineage-specific erosion of repetitive elements, large segmental deletions, and gene loss. Avian genomes furthermore show a remarkably high degree of evolutionary stasis at the levels of nucleotide sequence, gene synteny, and chromosomal structure. Despite this pattern of conservation, we detected many non-neutral evolutionary changes in protein-coding genes and noncoding regions. These analyses reveal that pan-avian genomic diversity covaries with adaptations to different lifestyles and convergent evolution of traits.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390078/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Guojie -- Li, Cai -- Li, Qiye -- Li, Bo -- Larkin, Denis M -- Lee, Chul -- Storz, Jay F -- Antunes, Agostinho -- Greenwold, Matthew J -- Meredith, Robert W -- Odeen, Anders -- Cui, Jie -- Zhou, Qi -- Xu, Luohao -- Pan, Hailin -- Wang, Zongji -- Jin, Lijun -- Zhang, Pei -- Hu, Haofu -- Yang, Wei -- Hu, Jiang -- Xiao, Jin -- Yang, Zhikai -- Liu, Yang -- Xie, Qiaolin -- Yu, Hao -- Lian, Jinmin -- Wen, Ping -- Zhang, Fang -- Li, Hui -- Zeng, Yongli -- Xiong, Zijun -- Liu, Shiping -- Zhou, Long -- Huang, Zhiyong -- An, Na -- Wang, Jie -- Zheng, Qiumei -- Xiong, Yingqi -- Wang, Guangbiao -- Wang, Bo -- Wang, Jingjing -- Fan, Yu -- da Fonseca, Rute R -- Alfaro-Nunez, Alonzo -- Schubert, Mikkel -- Orlando, Ludovic -- Mourier, Tobias -- Howard, Jason T -- Ganapathy, Ganeshkumar -- Pfenning, Andreas -- Whitney, Osceola -- Rivas, Miriam V -- Hara, Erina -- Smith, Julia -- Farre, Marta -- Narayan, Jitendra -- Slavov, Gancho -- Romanov, Michael N -- Borges, Rui -- Machado, Joao Paulo -- Khan, Imran -- Springer, Mark S -- Gatesy, John -- Hoffmann, Federico G -- Opazo, Juan C -- Hastad, Olle -- Sawyer, Roger H -- Kim, Heebal -- Kim, Kyu-Won -- Kim, Hyeon Jeong -- Cho, Seoae -- Li, Ning -- Huang, Yinhua -- Bruford, Michael W -- Zhan, Xiangjiang -- Dixon, Andrew -- Bertelsen, Mads F -- Derryberry, Elizabeth -- Warren, Wesley -- Wilson, Richard K -- Li, Shengbin -- Ray, David A -- Green, Richard E -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- Griffin, Darren -- Johnson, Warren E -- Haussler, David -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Willerslev, Eske -- Graves, Gary R -- Alstrom, Per -- Fjeldsa, Jon -- Mindell, David P -- Edwards, Scott V -- Braun, Edward L -- Rahbek, Carsten -- Burt, David W -- Houde, Peter -- Zhang, Yong -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Avian Genome Consortium -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Wang, Jun -- DP1 OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP1OD000448/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087216/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1311-20. doi: 10.1126/science.1251385. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. ; Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA. ; Department of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore. ; Department of Integrative Biology University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. BGI Education Center,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen, 518083, China. ; Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK. ; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK. ; Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (CIMAR)/Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 177, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Portugal. ; Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. ; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Post Office Box 7011, S-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. ; Cho and Kim Genomics, Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 151-919, Republic of Korea. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. ; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 China. ; International Wildlife Consultants, Carmarthen SA33 5YL, Wales, UK. ; Centre for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; The Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. ; College of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. ; Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA. ; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center 8000 N Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA. ; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA. ; Genetics Division, San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA. ; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, MRC-116, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Post Office Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7007, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. ; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Biology and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ; Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Imperial College London, Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment Initiative, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. ; Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute Building, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. ; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn. ; China National GeneBank, Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. zhanggj@genomics.cn jarvis@neuro.duke.edu mtpgilbert@gmail.com wangj@genomics.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Conserved Sequence ; Diet ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Flight, Animal ; Genes ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Genomics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Phylogeny ; Reproduction/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synteny ; Vision, Ocular/genetics ; Vocalization, Animal
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):130-1, 133. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6193.130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/isolation & purification ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Kyasanur Forest Disease/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Male ; Ticks/virology ; Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benderly, Beryl Lieff -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1200. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6176.1200-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Science Careers Columnist.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; Female ; Humans ; *Leadership ; Physicians, Women/*psychology ; *Sexism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kean, Sam -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1457-9. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6178.1457.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*genetics ; Checkpoint Kinase 2/genetics ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; *Oncogenes ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Promislow, Daniel E L -- Kaeberlein, Matt -- R01 AG031108/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG033598/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM102279/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):491-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1250174.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Female ; Longevity/*physiology ; Male ; Pheromones/*physiology ; *Reward ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; *Taste Perception
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: Comparative genomic analyses have revealed that genes may arise from ancestrally nongenic sequence. However, the origin and spread of these de novo genes within populations remain obscure. We identified 142 segregating and 106 fixed testis-expressed de novo genes in a population sample of Drosophila melanogaster. These genes appear to derive primarily from ancestral intergenic, unexpressed open reading frames, with natural selection playing a significant role in their spread. These results reveal a heretofore unappreciated dynamism of gene content.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391638/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391638/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhao, Li -- Saelao, Perot -- Jones, Corbin D -- Begun, David J -- GM084056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM084056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):769-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1248286. Epub 2014 Jan 23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24457212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Association Studies ; Male ; Open Reading Frames ; Selection, Genetic ; Testis/metabolism
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    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: Most land animals normally walk forward but switch to backward walking upon sensing an obstacle or danger in the path ahead. A change in walking direction is likely to be triggered by descending "command" neurons from the brain that act upon local motor circuits to alter the timing of leg muscle activation. Here we identify descending neurons for backward walking in Drosophila--the MDN neurons. MDN activity is required for flies to walk backward when they encounter an impassable barrier and is sufficient to trigger backward walking under conditions in which flies would otherwise walk forward. We also identify ascending neurons, MAN, that promote persistent backward walking, possibly by inhibiting forward walking. These findings provide an initial glimpse into the circuits and logic that control walking direction in Drosophila.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bidaye, Salil S -- Machacek, Christian -- Wu, Yang -- Dickson, Barry J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):97-101. doi: 10.1126/science.1249964.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohrgasse 7, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700860" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/cytology ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Extremities/physiology ; Female ; Gait ; Ganglia, Invertebrate/cytology ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Walking/physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):239. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6168.239.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436399" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*microbiology/physiology ; Brain/metabolism/microbiology ; Fat Body/virology ; Female ; Gryllidae/physiology/*virology ; Guanidines/analysis/metabolism ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Hypocreales/*physiology ; Insect Viruses/*physiology ; Lizards/virology ; Male ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Sphingosine/analysis/metabolism ; Virus Replication
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-04-26
    Description: How we attend to objects and their features that cannot be separated by location is not understood. We presented two temporally and spatially overlapping streams of objects, faces versus houses, and used magnetoencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging to separate neuronal responses to attended and unattended objects. Attention to faces versus houses enhanced the sensory responses in the fusiform face area (FFA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA), respectively. The increases in sensory responses were accompanied by induced gamma synchrony between the inferior frontal junction, IFJ, and either FFA or PPA, depending on which object was attended. The IFJ appeared to be the driver of the synchrony, as gamma phases were advanced by 20 ms in IFJ compared to FFA or PPA. Thus, the IFJ may direct the flow of visual processing during object-based attention, at least in part through coupled oscillations with specialized areas such as FFA and PPA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baldauf, Daniel -- Desimone, Robert -- P30EY2621/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 25;344(6182):424-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1247003. Epub 2014 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24763592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Attention ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Perception ; Young Adult
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blair, H T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 21;343(6173):846-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1251252.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Psychology Department and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558150" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Association ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/*physiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/*cytology/*physiology ; Female ; Male ; *Memory, Episodic ; *Nerve Net ; Neurons/*physiology ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; *Theta Rhythm
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2014-12-17
    Description: Sex-specific chromosomes, like the W of most female birds and the Y of male mammals, usually have lost most genes owing to a lack of recombination. We analyze newly available genomes of 17 bird species representing the avian phylogenetic range, and find that more than half of them do not have as fully degenerated W chromosomes as that of chicken. We show that avian sex chromosomes harbor tremendous diversity among species in their composition of pseudoautosomal regions and degree of Z/W differentiation. Punctuated events of shared or lineage-specific recombination suppression have produced a gradient of "evolutionary strata" along the Z chromosome, which initiates from the putative avian sex-determining gene DMRT1 and ends at the pseudoautosomal region. W-linked genes are subject to ongoing functional decay after recombination was suppressed, and the tempo of degeneration slows down in older strata. Overall, we unveil a complex history of avian sex chromosome evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Qi -- Zhang, Jilin -- Bachtrog, Doris -- An, Na -- Huang, Quanfei -- Jarvis, Erich D -- Gilbert, M Thomas P -- Zhang, Guojie -- GM076007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM093182/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM076007/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM093182/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Dec 12;346(6215):1246338. doi: 10.1126/science.1246338. Epub 2014 Dec 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720, USA. zhouqi@berkeley.edu zhanggj@genomics.org.cn. ; China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083. China. ; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720, USA. ; Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. ; Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Oster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia. ; China National Genebank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083. China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, Universitetsparken 15, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. zhouqi@berkeley.edu zhanggj@genomics.org.cn.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25504727" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avian Proteins/genetics ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/classification/*genetics ; Chickens/genetics ; Chromosome Inversion ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics ; Species Specificity ; Struthioniformes/genetics ; Synteny ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blanton, Richard E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):485-6. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6170.485-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Capitalism ; Family/*history ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Plague/*history ; Women/*history ; Work/*history
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmerman, Andrew W -- Connors, Susan L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 7;343(6171):620-1. doi: 10.1126/science.1250214.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics (Neurology), Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503843" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*chemically induced/*genetics ; *Cytoprotection ; Female ; Oxytocin/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Susiarjo, Martha -- Bartolomei, Marisa S -- P30 ES013508/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):733-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1258654.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. bartolom@mail.med.upenn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124413" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *DNA Methylation ; Female ; Fetal Nutrition Disorders/*metabolism ; Male ; Pregnancy ; *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2014-06-07
    Description: How sleep helps learning and memory remains unknown. We report in mouse motor cortex that sleep after motor learning promotes the formation of postsynaptic dendritic spines on a subset of branches of individual layer V pyramidal neurons. New spines are formed on different sets of dendritic branches in response to different learning tasks and are protected from being eliminated when multiple tasks are learned. Neurons activated during learning of a motor task are reactivated during subsequent non-rapid eye movement sleep, and disrupting this neuronal reactivation prevents branch-specific spine formation. These findings indicate that sleep has a key role in promoting learning-dependent synapse formation and maintenance on selected dendritic branches, which contribute to memory storage.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447313/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447313/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Guang -- Lai, Cora Sau Wan -- Cichon, Joseph -- Ma, Lei -- Li, Wei -- Gan, Wen-Biao -- P01 NS074972/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS047325/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 6;344(6188):1173-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1249098.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. ; Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China. ; Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China. ; Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA. gan@saturn.med.nyu.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904169" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dendritic Spines/*physiology ; Female ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Sleep, REM/*physiology
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: Environmental exposures affect gamete function and fertility, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that pheromones sensed by ciliated neurons in the Caenorhabditis elegans nose alter the lipid microenvironment within the oviduct, thereby affecting sperm motility. In favorable environments, pheromone-responsive sensory neurons secrete a transforming growth factor-beta ligand called DAF-7, which acts as a neuroendocrine factor that stimulates prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase [cyclooxygenase (Cox)]-independent prostaglandin synthesis in the ovary. Oocytes secrete F-class prostaglandins that guide sperm toward them. These prostaglandins are also synthesized in Cox knockout mice, raising the possibility that similar mechanisms exist in other animals. Our data indicate that environmental cues perceived by the female nervous system affect sperm function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094289/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094289/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKnight, Katherine -- Hoang, Hieu D -- Prasain, Jeevan K -- Brown, Naoko -- Vibbert, Jack -- Hollister, Kyle A -- Moore, Ray -- Ragains, Justin R -- Reese, Jeff -- Miller, Michael A -- GM085105/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL096967/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL109199/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL110950/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL114439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 AR050948/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK079337/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P40 OD010440/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085105/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL096967/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL109199/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR19261/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):754-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1250598.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. ; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. ; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. mamiller@uab.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Male ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Neurosecretory Systems/physiology ; Oocytes/metabolism/physiology ; Ovum/metabolism/physiology ; Perception ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Prostaglandins/biosynthesis ; *Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2014-10-11
    Description: Tyzio et al. (Reports, 7 February 2014, p. 675) reported that bumetanide restored the impaired oxytocin-mediated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excitatory-inhibitory shift during delivery in animal models of autism, ameliorating some autistic-like characteristics in the offspring. However, standard practices in the study of these models, such as the use of sex-dimorphic or males-only analyses and implementation of tests measuring social behavior, are lacking to definitely associate their findings to autism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bambini-Junior, Victorio -- Nunes, Gustavo Della Flora -- Schneider, Tomasz -- Gottfried, Carmem -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 10;346(6206):176. doi: 10.1126/science.1255679.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Research Group in Neuroglial Plasticity at the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health's Basic Science, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. victoriobambini@gmail.com. ; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Research Group in Neuroglial Plasticity at the Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health's Basic Science, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. ; School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, TS17 6BH, Durham University, Durham, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301610" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*chemically induced/*genetics ; *Cytoprotection ; Female ; Oxytocin/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉de Vrieze, Jop -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):241-3. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6168.241.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436401" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anthropology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology/microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Germ-Free Life ; Health ; Humans ; *Life Style ; Male ; Meat/microbiology ; *Microbiota ; Tanzania
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2014-05-09
    Description: Cross-cultural psychologists have mostly contrasted East Asia with the West. However, this study shows that there are major psychological differences within China. We propose that a history of farming rice makes cultures more interdependent, whereas farming wheat makes cultures more independent, and these agricultural legacies continue to affect people in the modern world. We tested 1162 Han Chinese participants in six sites and found that rice-growing southern China is more interdependent and holistic-thinking than the wheat-growing north. To control for confounds like climate, we tested people from neighboring counties along the rice-wheat border and found differences that were just as large. We also find that modernization and pathogen prevalence theories do not fit the data.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Talhelm, T -- Zhang, X -- Oishi, S -- Shimin, C -- Duan, D -- Lan, X -- Kitayama, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 9;344(6184):603-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1246850.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24812395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*psychology ; China ; Female ; Humans ; *Individuation ; Male ; *Oryza ; *Triticum
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2014-08-02
    Description: During limb development, digits emerge from the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue that constitutes the limb bud. It has been proposed that this process is controlled by a self-organizing Turing mechanism, whereby diffusible molecules interact to produce a periodic pattern of digital and interdigital fates. However, the identities of the molecules remain unknown. By combining experiments and modeling, we reveal evidence that a Turing network implemented by Bmp, Sox9, and Wnt drives digit specification. We develop a realistic two-dimensional simulation of digit patterning and show that this network, when modulated by morphogen gradients, recapitulates the expression patterns of Sox9 in the wild type and in perturbation experiments. Our systems biology approach reveals how a combination of growth, morphogen gradients, and a self-organizing Turing network can achieve robust and reproducible pattern formation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raspopovic, J -- Marcon, L -- Russo, L -- Sharpe, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 1;345(6196):566-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1252960.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), and Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. ; Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), and Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain. james.sharpe@crg.eu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25082703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Patterning/*genetics ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/*metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Extremities/*embryology ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Limb Buds/*embryology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Models, Biological ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; SOX9 Transcription Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Genetic errors in meiosis can lead to birth defects and spontaneous abortions. Checkpoint mechanisms of hitherto unknown nature eliminate oocytes with unrepaired DNA damage, causing recombination-defective mutant mice to be sterile. Here, we report that checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2 or Chek2), is essential for culling mouse oocytes bearing unrepaired meiotic or induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Female infertility caused by a meiotic recombination mutation or irradiation was reversed by mutation of Chk2. Both meiotically programmed and induced DSBs trigger CHK2-dependent activation of TRP53 (p53) and TRP63 (p63), effecting oocyte elimination. These data establish CHK2 as essential for DNA damage surveillance in female meiosis and indicate that the oocyte DSB damage response primarily involves a pathway hierarchy in which ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) signals to CHK2, which then activates p53 and p63.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048839/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048839/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bolcun-Filas, Ewelina -- Rinaldi, Vera D -- White, Michelle E -- Schimenti, John C -- GM45415/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM045415/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 31;343(6170):533-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1247671.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482479" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Checkpoint Kinase 2/genetics/*physiology ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/*genetics/pathology ; Meiosis/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Oocytes/*metabolism/pathology ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McNutt, Marcia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):739. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6198.739-b. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Editor-in-Chief.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; *HIV Infections ; Humans ; Male ; *Periodicals as Topic ; *Sex Workers ; *Transgender Persons
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: The existence of BRCA1 was proven in 1990 by mapping predisposition to young-onset breast cancer in families to chromosome 17q21. Knowing that such a gene existed and approximately where it lay triggered efforts by public and private groups to clone and sequence it. The press baptized the competition "the race" and reported on it in detail for the next 4 years. BRCA1 was positionally cloned in September 1994. Twenty years later, I reflect on "the race" and its consequences for breast cancer prevention and treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉King, Mary-Claire -- R01 CA157744/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1462-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein/*genetics/history ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/history ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; History, 20th Century ; Humans
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉You, Jia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Sep 19;345(6203):1440-1. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6203.1440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237081" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Communication ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Research Personnel/*classification/*psychology ; *Science ; Sex Factors ; *Social Media
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  • 89
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-03-29
    Description: Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose to common human malignancies, most notably tumors of the breast and ovaries. The proteins encoded by these genes have been implicated in a plethora of biochemical interactions and biological functions, confounding attempts to coherently explain how their inactivation promotes carcinogenesis. Here, I argue that tumor suppression by BRCA1 and BRCA2 originates from their fundamental role in controlling the assembly and activity of macromolecular complexes that monitor chromosome duplication, maintenance, and segregation across the cell cycle. A tumor-suppressive role for the BRCA proteins as "chromosome custodians" helps to explain the clinical features of cancer susceptibility after their inactivation, provides foundations for the rational therapy of BRCA-deficient cancers, and offers general insights into the mechanisms opposing early steps in human carcinogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venkitaraman, Ashok R -- G1001521/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G1001522/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U105359877/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UU_12022/1/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 28;343(6178):1470-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1252230.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24675954" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein/genetics/*physiology ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics/*physiology ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Carcinogenesis/genetics ; Chromosomal Instability ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor/*physiology ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Organ Specificity/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: Parental care, including feeding and protection of young, is essential for the survival as well as mental and physical well-being of the offspring. A large variety of parental behaviors has been described across species and sexes, raising fascinating questions about how animals identify the young and how brain circuits drive and modulate parental displays in males and females. Recent studies have begun to uncover a striking antagonistic interplay between brain systems underlying parental care and infant-directed aggression in both males and females, as well as a large range of intrinsic and environmentally driven neural modulation and plasticity. Improved understanding of the neural control of parental interactions in animals should provide novel insights into the complex issue of human parental care in both health and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4230532/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4230532/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dulac, Catherine -- O'Connell, Lauren A -- Wu, Zheng -- R01 DC009019/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC013087/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):765-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1253291. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. dulac@fas.harvard.edu. ; FAS Center for System Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/*physiology ; Cues ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maternal Behavior/*physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; *Parenting ; Paternal Behavior/*physiology ; Sensation/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 20;344(6190):1334-7. doi: 10.1126/science.344.6190.1334.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chiroptera/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Speech/physiology/radiation effects ; *Vocalization, Animal
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: Preterm birth is associated with 5 to 18% of pregnancies and is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Spontaneous preterm labor, a syndrome caused by multiple pathologic processes, leads to 70% of preterm births. The prevention and the treatment of preterm labor have been long-standing challenges. We summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms of disease implicated in this condition and review advances relevant to intra-amniotic infection, decidual senescence, and breakdown of maternal-fetal tolerance. The success of progestogen treatment to prevent preterm birth in a subset of patients at risk is a cause for optimism. Solving the mystery of preterm labor, which compromises the health of future generations, is a formidable scientific challenge worthy of investment.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4191866/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4191866/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Romero, Roberto -- Dey, Sudhansu K -- Fisher, Susan J -- DA06668/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- HD068524/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD055764/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD068524/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD076253/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- U54 HD055764/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- ZIA HD002400-23/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):760-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1251816. Epub 2014 Aug 14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Wayne State University/the Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. romeror@mail.nih.gov. ; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. ; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Anatomy, and Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124429" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Decidua/physiopathology ; Female ; Fetus/immunology ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Infection/complications/physiopathology ; Inflammation/complications/physiopathology ; Obstetric Labor, Premature/*etiology/physiopathology/*prevention & control ; Placenta/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Syndrome ; Vascular Diseases/complications/physiopathology
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2014-02-08
    Description: We report that the oxytocin-mediated neuroprotective gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) excitatory-inhibitory shift during delivery is abolished in the valproate and fragile X rodent models of autism. During delivery and subsequently, hippocampal neurons in these models have elevated intracellular chloride levels, increased excitatory GABA, enhanced glutamatergic activity, and elevated gamma oscillations. Maternal pretreatment with bumetanide restored in offspring control electrophysiological and behavioral phenotypes. Conversely, blocking oxytocin signaling in naive mothers produced offspring having electrophysiological and behavioral autistic-like features. Our results suggest a chronic deficient chloride regulation in these rodent models of autism and stress the importance of oxytocin-mediated GABAergic inhibition during the delivery process. Our data validate the amelioration observed with bumetanide and oxytocin and point to common pathways in a drug-induced and a genetic rodent model of autism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tyzio, Roman -- Nardou, Romain -- Ferrari, Diana C -- Tsintsadze, Timur -- Shahrokhi, Amene -- Eftekhari, Sanaz -- Khalilov, Ilgam -- Tsintsadze, Vera -- Brouchoud, Corinne -- Chazal, Genevieve -- Lemonnier, Eric -- Lozovaya, Natalia -- Burnashev, Nail -- Ben-Ari, Yehezkel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Feb 7;343(6171):675-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1247190.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED), U901, INSERM, Marseille, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24503856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autistic Disorder/*chemically induced/*genetics/metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; Bumetanide/administration & dosage ; Chlorides/metabolism ; *Cytoprotection ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein/genetics ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Mice ; Oxytocin/*metabolism ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Valproic Acid/pharmacology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Underwood, Emily -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Aug 15;345(6198):750-1. doi: 10.1126/science.345.6198.750.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25124425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Diet ; Female ; Fetus/*physiology ; *Food Preferences ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn/*physiology ; Mice ; *Mothers ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/physiology ; Pregnancy ; *Taste ; Taste Perception
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: Humans can discriminate several million different colors and almost half a million different tones, but the number of discriminable olfactory stimuli remains unknown. The lay and scientific literature typically claims that humans can discriminate 10,000 odors, but this number has never been empirically validated. We determined the resolution of the human sense of smell by testing the capacity of humans to discriminate odor mixtures with varying numbers of shared components. On the basis of the results of psychophysical testing, we calculated that humans can discriminate at least 1 trillion olfactory stimuli. This is far more than previous estimates of distinguishable olfactory stimuli. It demonstrates that the human olfactory system, with its hundreds of different olfactory receptors, far outperforms the other senses in the number of physically different stimuli it can discriminate.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4483192/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4483192/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bushdid, C -- Magnasco, M O -- Vosshall, L B -- Keller, A -- UL1 TR000043/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 21;343(6177):1370-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1249168.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 63, New York, NY 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24653035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Odors ; *Olfactory Perception ; Smell/*physiology ; Young Adult
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2014-10-11
    Description: Longer lives and fertility far below the replacement level of 2.1 births per woman are leading to rapid population aging in many countries. Many observers are concerned that aging will adversely affect public finances and standards of living. Analysis of newly available National Transfer Accounts data for 40 countries shows that fertility well above replacement would typically be most beneficial for government budgets. However, fertility near replacement would be most beneficial for standards of living when the analysis includes the effects of age structure on families as well as governments. And fertility below replacement would maximize per capita consumption when the cost of providing capital for a growing labor force is taken into account. Although low fertility will indeed challenge government programs and very low fertility undermines living standards, we find that moderately low fertility and population decline favor the broader material standard of living.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4545628/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4545628/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Ronald -- Mason, Andrew -- members of the NTA Network -- R37 AG025247/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Oct 10;346(6206):229-34. doi: 10.1126/science.1250542.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Demography and Department of Economics, University of California, 2232 Piedmont Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. rlee@demog.berkeley.edu amason@hawaii.edu. ; Department of Economics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2424 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96821, USA. East-West Center, 1601 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96848-1601, USA. rlee@demog.berkeley.edu amason@hawaii.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301626" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; *Aging ; Birth Rate/*trends ; Economics ; Female ; *Fertility ; Humans ; Income ; Income Tax ; *Population Growth ; Socioeconomic Factors
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2014-07-12
    Description: Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 typically results in one genetic variant establishing systemic infection. We compared, for 137 linked transmission pairs, the amino acid sequences encoded by non-envelope genes of viruses in both partners and demonstrate a selection bias for transmission of residues that are predicted to confer increased in vivo fitness on viruses in the newly infected, immunologically naive recipient. Although tempered by transmission risk factors, such as donor viral load, genital inflammation, and recipient gender, this selection bias provides an overall transmission advantage for viral quasispecies that are dominated by viruses with high in vivo fitness. Thus, preventative or therapeutic approaches that even marginally reduce viral fitness may lower the overall transmission rates and offer long-term benefits even upon successful transmission.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289910/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4289910/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carlson, Jonathan M -- Schaefer, Malinda -- Monaco, Daniela C -- Batorsky, Rebecca -- Claiborne, Daniel T -- Prince, Jessica -- Deymier, Martin J -- Ende, Zachary S -- Klatt, Nichole R -- DeZiel, Charles E -- Lin, Tien-Ho -- Peng, Jian -- Seese, Aaron M -- Shapiro, Roger -- Frater, John -- Ndung'u, Thumbi -- Tang, Jianming -- Goepfert, Paul -- Gilmour, Jill -- Price, Matt A -- Kilembe, William -- Heckerman, David -- Goulder, Philip J R -- Allen, Todd M -- Allen, Susan -- Hunter, Eric -- 2P51RR000165-51/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- G108/626/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- OD P51OD11132/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P01-AI074415/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P30 AI050409/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD010425/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51 OD011132/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51RR165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI064060/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI64060/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI051231/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R37 AI51231/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007387/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32-AI007387/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI 66454/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 11;345(6193):1254031. doi: 10.1126/science.1254031. Epub 2014 Jul 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA 98052, USA. carlson@microsoft.com ehunte4@emory.edu. ; Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. ; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA. ; Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA 98052, USA. ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. ; Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 7BN, UK. National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK. Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3BD, UK. ; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA. HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa. KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (K-RITH), Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa. Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. ; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. ; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, London SW10 9NH, UK. Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW10 9NH, UK. ; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA. ; Rwanda-Zambia HIV Research Group: Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia. ; Microsoft Research, Los Angeles, CA 98117, USA. ; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa. Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK. ; Rwanda-Zambia HIV Research Group: Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. ; International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA. Microsoft Research, Los Angeles, CA 98117, USA. Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK. ; Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Rwanda-Zambia HIV Research Group: Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. carlson@microsoft.com ehunte4@emory.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25013080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Consensus Sequence ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; HIV Infections/*transmission ; HIV-1/*genetics ; *Heterosexuality ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Point Mutation ; Risk Factors ; *Selection, Genetic ; Viral Load
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2014-01-18
    Description: A major evolutionary transition to eusociality with reproductive division of labor between queens and workers has arisen independently at least 10 times in the ants, bees, and wasps. Pheromones produced by queens are thought to play a key role in regulating this complex social system, but their evolutionary history remains unknown. Here, we identify the first sterility-inducing queen pheromones in a wasp, bumblebee, and desert ant and synthesize existing data on compounds that characterize female fecundity in 64 species of social insects. Our results show that queen pheromones are strikingly conserved across at least three independent origins of eusociality, with wasps, ants, and some bees all appearing to use nonvolatile, saturated hydrocarbons to advertise fecundity and/or suppress worker reproduction. These results suggest that queen pheromones evolved from conserved signals of solitary ancestors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van Oystaeyen, Annette -- Oliveira, Ricardo Caliari -- Holman, Luke -- van Zweden, Jelle S -- Romero, Carmen -- Oi, Cintia A -- d'Ettorre, Patrizia -- Khalesi, Mohammadreza -- Billen, Johan -- Wackers, Felix -- Millar, Jocelyn G -- Wenseleers, Tom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 17;343(6168):287-90. doi: 10.1126/science.1244899.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Zoological Institute, University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59-Box 2466, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Bees/*physiology ; Biological Assay ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Fertility/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Pheromones/classification/pharmacology/*physiology ; Reproduction/drug effects/physiology ; Wasps/*physiology
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2014-04-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414116/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4414116/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fauci, Anthony S -- Marovich, Mary A -- Dieffenbach, Carl W -- Hunter, Eric -- Buchbinder, Susan P -- P51 OD011132/OD/NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI096187/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1 AI068614/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AI000390-25/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- Z01 AI000677-15/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Apr 4;344(6179):49-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1250672.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700849" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*administration & dosage/*immunology/*therapeutic use ; Female ; HIV Antigens/*immunology ; HIV Infections/*immunology/*prevention & control ; HIV-1/*immunology ; Humans ; Male ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2014-06-21
    Description: It is not just a manner of speaking: "Mind reading," or working out what others are thinking and feeling, is markedly similar to print reading. Both of these distinctly human skills recover meaning from signs, depend on dedicated cortical areas, are subject to genetically heritable disorders, show cultural variation around a universal core, and regulate how people behave. But when it comes to development, the evidence is conflicting. Some studies show that, like learning to read print, learning to read minds is a long, hard process that depends on tuition. Others indicate that even very young, nonliterate infants are already capable of mind reading. Here, we propose a resolution to this conflict. We suggest that infants are equipped with neurocognitive mechanisms that yield accurate expectations about behavior ("automatic" or "implicit" mind reading), whereas "explicit" mind reading, like literacy, is a culturally inherited skill; it is passed from one generation to the next by verbal instruction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heyes, Cecilia M -- Frith, Chris D -- 091593/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jun 20;344(6190):1243091. doi: 10.1126/science.1243091.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉All Souls College and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 4AL, UK. cecilia.heyes@all-souls.ox.ac.uk. ; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24948740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Autistic Disorder/psychology ; Brain/physiology ; Child, Preschool ; Cognition ; *Cultural Evolution ; Dyslexia/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning ; Male ; *Nonverbal Communication ; *Telepathy ; *Theory of Mind
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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