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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brivanlou, Ali H -- Gage, Fred H -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- Jessell, Thomas -- Melton, Douglas -- Rossant, Janet -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):913-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. brvnlou@rockefeller.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738841" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Cell Culture Techniques/methods ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; *Cell Line ; Culture Media ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Databases, Factual ; *Embryo Research ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Registries ; Research/standards ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Stem Cells/cytology/physiology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: Patients with cerebellar damage are known to exhibit deficits in the temporal control of movements. We report that these deficits are restricted to discontinuous movements. Cerebellar patients exhibited no deficit in temporal variability when producing continuous, rhythmic movements. We hypothesize that the temporal properties of continuous movements are emergent and reflect the operation of other control parameters not associated with the cerebellum. In contrast, discontinuous movements require an explicit representation of the temporal goal, a function of the cerebellum. The requirement for explicit temporal representation provides a parsimonious account of cerebellar involvement in a range of tasks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spencer, Rebecca M C -- Zelaznik, Howard N -- Diedrichsen, Jorn -- Ivry, Richard B -- NS17778/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30256/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS40813/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1437-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 3210 Tolman Hall #1650, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. rspencer@socrates.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebellar Diseases/*physiopathology ; Cerebellum/physiology/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Motor Activity ; Movement ; *Psychomotor Performance ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gura, Trisha -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):849-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574616" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agouti-Related Protein ; Animals ; Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Appetite/drug effects ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cyclobutanes/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Energy Intake ; Ghrelin ; Humans ; Hunger/drug effects ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lactones/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Leptin/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Mice ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuropeptide Y/metabolism/pharmacology ; Obesity/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Peptide Fragments ; Peptide Hormones/metabolism/pharmacology ; Peptide YY/metabolism/pharmacology ; Phentermine/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Proteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Corticotropin/metabolism ; Receptors, Melanocortin ; Weight Loss ; alpha-MSH/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Analysis of the human and mouse genomes identified an abundance of conserved non-genic sequences (CNGs). The significance and evolutionary depth of their conservation remain unanswered. We have quantified levels and patterns of conservation of 191 CNGs of human chromosome 21 in 14 mammalian species. We found that CNGs are significantly more conserved than protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAS (ncRNAs) within the mammalian class from primates to monotremes to marsupials. The pattern of substitutions in CNGs differed from that seen in protein-coding and ncRNA genes and resembled that of protein-binding regions. About 0.3% to 1% of the human genome corresponds to a previously unknown class of extremely constrained CNGs shared among mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- Reymond, Alexandre -- Scamuffa, Nathalie -- Ucla, Catherine -- Kirkness, Ewen -- Rossier, Colette -- Antonarakis, Stylianos E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):1033-5. Epub 2003 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Medical Genetics and National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Frontiers in Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School and University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Emmanouil.Dermitzakis@medecine.unige.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/*genetics ; Discriminant Analysis ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genetic Code ; Genome ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Species Specificity ; Time ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: Despite recent genetic evidence and the promise of individualized medicine, there is a continuing interest in using self-identified categories of race and ethnicity as variables in scientific and medical research. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently proposed a standardized approach for the collection of race and ethnicity data in clinical trials. We believe that this move fails to acknowledge new scientific data and recommend that relevant data from individuals be collected and used rather than broad group statistics. We also encourage that increased funding be committed to this important issue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haga, Susanne B -- Venter, J Craig -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):466.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for the Advancement of Genomics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Continental Population Groups/genetics ; *Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Variation ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Pharmacogenetics ; United States ; *United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: Soluble oligomers are common to most amyloids and may represent the primary toxic species of amyloids, like the Abeta peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we show that all of the soluble oligomers tested display a common conformation-dependent structure that is unique to soluble oligomers regardless of sequence. The in vitro toxicity of soluble oligomers is inhibited by oligomer-specific antibody. Soluble oligomers have a unique distribution in human AD brain that is distinct from fibrillar amyloid. These results indicate that different types of soluble amyloid oligomers have a common structure and suggest they share a common mechanism of toxicity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kayed, Rakez -- Head, Elizabeth -- Thompson, Jennifer L -- McIntire, Theresa M -- Milton, Saskia C -- Cotman, Carl W -- Glabe, Charles G -- AG00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG16573/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS31230/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):486-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Amyloid/chemistry/toxicity ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/analysis/*chemistry/immunology/toxicity ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Biopolymers/analysis/chemistry/toxicity ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Mimicry ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/chemistry ; Peptide Fragments/chemistry/immunology ; Protein Conformation ; Rabbits ; Solubility ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2003-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, Stephen S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1165.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947168" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Caloric Restriction ; *Flavonoids ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Histone Deacetylases/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Phenols/metabolism ; Polymers/metabolism ; Polyphenols ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/physiology ; Silent Information Regulator Proteins, Saccharomyces ; cerevisiae/*genetics/metabolism ; Sirtuin 1 ; Sirtuin 2 ; Sirtuins/*genetics/metabolism ; Stilbenes/*metabolism ; Vitis/chemistry ; *Wine
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: The principles underlying human hemispheric specialization are poorly understood. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging of letter and visuospatial decision tasks with identical word stimuli to address two unresolved problems. First, hemispheric specialization depended on the nature of the task rather than on the nature of the stimulus. Second, analysis of frontal candidate regions for cognitive control showed increased coupling between left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left inferior frontal gyrus during letter decisions, whereas right ACC showed enhanced coupling with right parietal areas during visuospatial decisions. Cognitive control is thus localized in the same hemisphere as task execution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephan, Klaas E -- Marshall, John C -- Friston, Karl J -- Rowe, James B -- Ritzl, Afra -- Zilles, Karl -- Fink, Gereon R -- 077029/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):384-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Medicine (IME), Research Centre Julich, 52425 Julich, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; *Cognition ; Functional Laterality ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; *Language ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Space Perception ; Visual Perception
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 24;299(5606):497.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12543950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology/*rehabilitation ; Brain/*physiology ; *Communication Aids for Disabled ; *Computer Systems ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Software ; *User-Computer Interface
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Although neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are not classically considered mediated by inflammation or the immune system, in some instances the immune system may play an important role in the degenerative process. Furthermore, it has become clear that the immune system itself may have beneficial effects in nervous system diseases considered neurodegenerative. Immunotherapeutic approaches designed to induce a humoral immune response have recently been developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. These studies have led to human trials that resulted in both beneficial and adverse effects. In animal models, it has also been shown that immunotherapy designed to induce a cellular immune response may be of benefit in central nervous system injury, although T cells may have either a beneficial or detrimental effect depending on the type of T cell response induced. These areas provide a new avenue for exploring immune system-based therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and will be discussed here with a primary focus on Alzheimer's disease. We will also discuss how these approaches affect microglia activation, which plays a key role in therapy of such diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monsonego, Alon -- Weiner, Howard L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):834-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. amonsonego@rics.bwh.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593170" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*therapy ; Alzheimer Vaccines/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Central Nervous System/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunization ; *Immunotherapy/adverse effects ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Microglia/immunology ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Description: Recent progress in the science of aging is driven largely by the use of model systems, ranging from yeast and nematodes to mice. These models have revealed conservation in genetic pathways that balance energy production and its damaging by-products with pathways that preserve somatic maintenance. Maintaining genome integrity has emerged as a major factor in longevity and cell viability. Here we discuss the use of mouse models with defects in genome maintenance for understanding the molecular basis of aging in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hasty, Paul -- Campisi, Judith -- Hoeijmakers, Jan -- van Steeg, Harry -- Vijg, Jan -- AG17242/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1355-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA. hastye@uthscsa.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12610296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging/genetics ; Aging, Premature/*genetics ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Aging ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Helicases/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Repair/genetics ; Exodeoxyribonucleases ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Longevity/genetics ; Mice ; Mutation ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; RecQ Helicases ; Syndrome ; Telomere/physiology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2003-08-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butte, Nancy F -- Ellis, Kenneth J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 1;301(5633):598; author reply 598.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA. nbutte@bcm.tmc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12893926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Diet ; *Energy Intake ; *Energy Metabolism ; *Exercise ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Life Style ; *Obesity/epidemiology/prevention & control ; United States/epidemiology ; *Weight Gain
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1053.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*economics/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/transmission ; Africa/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/economics ; Financing, Government ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; South Africa/epidemiology ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: Direct interaction between platelet receptor glycoprotein Ibalpha (GpIbalpha) and thrombin is required for platelet aggregation and activation at sites of vascular injury. Abnormal GpIbalpha-thrombin binding is associated with many pathological conditions,including occlusive arterial thrombosis and bleeding disorders. The crystal structure of the GpIbalpha-thrombin complex at 2.6 angstrom resolution reveals simultaneous interactions of GpIbalpha with exosite I of one thrombin molecule,and with exosite II of a second thrombin molecule. In the crystal lattice,the periodic arrangement of GpIbalpha-thrombin complexes mirrors a scaffold that could serve as a driving force for tight platelet adhesion. The details of these interactions reconcile GpIbalpha-thrombin binding modes that are presently controversial,highlighting two distinct interfaces that are potential targets for development of novel antithrombotic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dumas, John J -- Kumar, Ravindra -- Seehra, Jasbir -- Somers, William S -- Mosyak, Lidia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):222-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Blood Platelets/chemistry/physiology ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Models, Molecular ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; *Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Thrombin/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disorder with many different causes, yet they may intersect in common pathways, raising the possibility that neuroprotective agents may have broad applicability in the treatment of PD. Current evidence suggests that mitochondrial complex I inhibition may be the central cause of sporadic PD and that derangements in complex I cause alpha-synuclein aggregation, which contributes to the demise of dopamine neurons. Accumulation and aggregation of alpha-synuclein may further contribute to the death of dopamine neurons through impairments in protein handling and detoxification. Dysfunction of parkin (a ubiquitin E3 ligase) and DJ-1 could contribute to these deficits. Strategies aimed at restoring complex I activity, reducing oxidative stress and alpha-synuclein aggregation, and enhancing protein degradation may hold particular promise as powerful neuroprotective agents in the treatment of PD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dawson, Ted M -- Dawson, Valina L -- NS38377/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):819-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. tdawson@jhmi.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593166" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Brain/*metabolism/pathology ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Electron Transport Complex I/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Mutation ; Nerve Degeneration ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism/pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; Parkinson Disease/*etiology/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Parkinsonian Disorders/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Synucleins ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics/metabolism ; alpha-Synuclein
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bowers, Evelyn J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):764-5; author reply 764-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetics, Population ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; Translocation, Genetic
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: Rapid turnover of the tumor suppressor protein p53 requires the MDM2 ubiquitin ligase, and both interact with p300-CREB-binding protein transcriptional coactivator proteins. p53 is stabilized by the binding of p300 to the oncoprotein E1A, suggesting that p300 regulates p53 degradation. Purified p300 exhibited intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activity that was inhibited by E1A. In vitro, p300 with MDM2 catalyzed p53 polyubiquitination, whereas MDM2 catalyzed p53 monoubiquitination. E1A expression caused a decrease in polyubiquitinated but not monoubiquitinated p53 in cells. Thus, generation of the polyubiquitinated forms of p53 that are targeted for proteasome degradation requires the intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activities of MDM2 and p300.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Grossman, Steven R -- Deato, Maria E -- Brignone, Chrystelle -- Chan, Ho Man -- Kung, Andrew L -- Tagami, Hideaki -- Nakatani, Yoshihiro -- Livingston, David M -- CA15751/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):342-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus E1A Proteins/metabolism ; Animals ; Catalysis ; Cells, Cultured ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Humans ; Ligases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roelofs, Cora R -- Ellenbecker, Michael J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1372.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775824" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Environmental Health ; *Government Regulation ; *Health ; Humans ; Safety ; United States ; *United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration ; *Value of Life
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2003-03-29
    Description: Elaborate one-dimensional photonic crystals are constructed from a variety of organic and biopolymers, which can be dissolved or melted, by templating the solution-cast or injection-molded materials in porous silicon or porous silicon dioxide multilayer (rugate dielectric mirror) structures. After the removal of the template by chemical dissolution, the polymer castings replicate the photonic features and the nanostructure of the master. We demonstrate that these castings can be used as vapor sensors, as deformable and tunable optical filters, and as self-reporting, bioresorbable materials.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Yang Yang -- Cunin, Frederique -- Link, Jamie R -- Gao, Ting -- Betts, Ronald E -- Reiver, Sarah H -- Chin, Vicki -- Bhatia, Sangeeta N -- Sailor, Michael J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):2045-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Department 0358, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663921" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biocompatible Materials ; Caffeine ; *Drug Delivery Systems ; Ethanol ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Light ; *Nanotechnology ; Optics and Photonics ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Polyesters/chemistry ; Polyethylene/chemistry ; *Polymers ; Polystyrenes/chemistry ; Porosity ; *Silicon/chemistry ; Silicon Dioxide/chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis ; Volatilization
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: The active-site cysteine of peroxiredoxins is selectively oxidized to cysteine sulfinic acid during catalysis, which leads to inactivation of peroxidase activity. This oxidation was thought to be irreversible. However, by metabolic labeling of mammalian cells with 35S, we show that the sulfinic form of peroxiredoxin I, produced during the exposure of cells to H2O2, is rapidly reduced to the catalytically active thiol form. The mammalian cells' ability to reduce protein sulfinic acid might serve as a mechanism to repair oxidatively damaged proteins or represent a new type of cyclic modification by which the function of various proteins is regulated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woo, Hyun Ae -- Chae, Ho Zoon -- Hwang, Sung Chul -- Yang, Kap-Seok -- Kang, Sang Won -- Kim, Kanghwa -- Rhee, Sue Goo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):653-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Cell Signaling Research and Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catalysis ; Cell Line ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Cysteine/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/*metabolism ; Methionine/metabolism ; Mice ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Peroxidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Peroxiredoxins ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism ; Sulfinic Acids/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eden, Amir -- Gaudet, Francois -- Waghmare, Alpana -- Jaenisch, Rudolf -- CA87869/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):455.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702868" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics/physiology ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; *Loss of Heterozygosity ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sarcoma/*genetics ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/*genetics
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: We have used adenosine diphosphate analogs containing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin moieties and EPR spectroscopy to show that the nucleotide-binding site of kinesin-family motors closes when the motor.diphosphate complex binds to microtubules. Structural analyses demonstrate that a domain movement in the switch 1 region at the nucleotide site, homologous to domain movements in the switch 1 region in the G proteins [heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins], explains the EPR data. The switch movement primes the motor both for the free energy-yielding nucleotide hydrolysis reaction and for subsequent conformational changes that are crucial for the generation of force and directed motion along the microtubule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Naber, Nariman -- Minehardt, Todd J -- Rice, Sarah -- Chen, Xiaoru -- Grammer, Jean -- Matuska, Marija -- Vale, Ronald D -- Kollman, Peter A -- Car, Roberto -- Yount, Ralph G -- Cooke, Roger -- Pate, Edward -- AR39643/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- AR42895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- DK05915/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM29072/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- RR1081/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):798-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. naber@itsa.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730601" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine Nucleotides/*metabolism ; Adenosine Diphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Computer Simulation ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrolysis ; Kinesin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Microtubules/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Motor Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Molecular Probes/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Spin Labels
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1642.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Canada ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects ; Environmental Pollutants/*analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infection/epidemiology/etiology ; *Inuits ; Memory ; Risk Factors
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedrick, Philip W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):57.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; *Heterozygote ; Humans ; Kuru/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papua New Guinea ; PrPC Proteins/*genetics ; *Selection, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: Large-scale genome sequencing is providing a comprehensive view of the complex evolutionary forces that have shaped the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes. Comparative sequence analyses reveal patterns of apparently random rearrangement interspersed with regions of extraordinarily rapid, localized genome evolution. Numerous subtle rearrangements near centromeres, telomeres, duplications, and interspersed repeats suggest hotspots for eukaryotic chromosome evolution. This localized chromosomal instability may play a role in rapidly evolving lineage-specific gene families and in fostering large-scale changes in gene order. Computational algorithms that take into account these dynamic forces along with traditional models of chromosomal rearrangement show promise for reconstructing the natural history of eukaryotic chromosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eichler, Evan E -- Sankoff, David -- GM58815/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD43569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HG02385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):793-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Center for Human Genetics and Center for Computational Genomics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. eee@po.cwru.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Centromere/physiology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; *Chromosomes/genetics/physiology/ultrastructure ; Computational Biology ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Eukaryotic Cells/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Gene Duplication ; Genome ; Humans ; Recombination, Genetic ; Synteny ; Telomere/physiology
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wuethrich, Bernice -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1504.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Birds/virology ; Chickens/virology ; Child ; China/epidemiology ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/*virology ; Influenza, Human/*virology ; Male ; Virulence ; World Health Organization
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wozny, Christian -- Kivi, Anatol -- Lehmann, Thomas-Nicolas -- Dehnicke, Christoph -- Heinemann, Uwe -- Behr, Joachim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):463; author reply 463.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neuroscience Research Center, at the Charite, Humboldt University of Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881553" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology/*physiopathology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; Hippocampus/pathology/*physiopathology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Neurons/physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism ; Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Temporal Lobe/physiopathology
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edwards, E Stephen -- Green, Nancy -- Henry, Carol J -- Landrigan, Philip J -- Swartz, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):781.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Child ; *Child Development ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Disease ; *Epidemiologic Studies ; *Health ; Humans ; Social Environment ; United States
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Branca, Malorye -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):238.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*classification/*genetics/therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Netherlands ; *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Prognosis
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, Laura -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):808-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Brain/pathology/physiopathology ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; *Manuals as Topic ; Mental Disorders/*classification/*diagnosis/epidemiology/genetics ; *Mental Health ; Personality Disorders/classification/diagnosis/genetics ; Psychotropic Drugs/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Risk Factors ; Social Environment ; Terminology as Topic
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2003-01-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rajagopal, Jayaraj -- Anderson, William J -- Kume, Shoen -- Martinez, Olga I -- Melton, Douglas A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12532008" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Apoptosis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Embryo, Mammalian/*cytology ; Humans ; Insulin/*analysis/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Islets of Langerhans/*cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stem Cells/*cytology/metabolism
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Sandre-Giovannoli, Annachiara -- Bernard, Rafaelle -- Cau, Pierre -- Navarro, Claire -- Amiel, Jeanne -- Boccaccio, Irene -- Lyonnet, Stanislas -- Stewart, Colin L -- Munnich, Arnold -- Le Merrer, Martine -- Levy, Nicolas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2055. Epub 2003 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Inserm U491: Genetique Medicale et Developpement, Faculte de Medecine Timone, Marseille, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Child ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Lamin Type A/analysis/*chemistry/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Progeria/blood/*genetics ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sequence Deletion ; Transcription, Genetic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: Global food security will remain a worldwide concern for the next 50 years and beyond. Recently, crop yield has fallen in many areas because of declining investments in research and infrastructure, as well as increasing water scarcity. Climate change and HIV/AIDS are also crucial factors affecting food security in many regions. Although agroecological approaches offer some promise for improving yields, food security in developing countries could be substantially improved by increased investment and policy reforms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosegrant, Mark W -- Cline, Sarah A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1917-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20006, USA. m.rosegrant@cgiar.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671289" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; *Agriculture ; Biotechnology ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Developing Countries ; Ecosystem ; Education ; *Food ; *Food Supply ; Global Health ; Humans ; Poverty ; *Public Policy ; Research ; Rural Population ; Water Supply
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, Laura -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):568-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714719" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/*physiology ; *Attention ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Emotions ; *Facial Expression ; *Fear ; Frontal Lobe/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Parietal Lobe/physiology ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; Visual Pathways
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-06-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casassus, Barbara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2019.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12829758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Serodiagnosis ; Blood/*virology ; Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood-Borne Pathogens ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/transmission ; Drug Contamination ; France ; *Hiv ; HIV Infections/*transmission ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-01-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lyman, Edwin S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):201-3; author reply 201-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12523360" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/epidemiology/etiology ; Nuclear Energy ; Nuclear Reactors ; *Power Plants ; Radioactive Hazard Release ; *Safety ; Security Measures ; *Terrorism ; Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology ; Ukraine/epidemiology ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nestle, Marion -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):781.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574583" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; *Diet ; *Food Industry ; Humans ; Marketing ; *Nutrition Policy ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Obesity/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Politics ; United States ; *United States Department of Agriculture
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-10-25
    Description: Noninvasive molecular-imaging technologies are providing researchers with exciting new opportunities to study small-animal models of human disease. With continued improvements in instrumentation, identification of better imaging targets by genome-based approaches, and design of better imaging probes by innovative chemistry, these technologies promise to play increasingly important roles in disease diagnosis and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herschman, Harvey R -- P50 CA88306/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA84572/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 24;302(5645):605-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, 341 Boyer Hall, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. hherschman@mednet.ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Diagnostic Imaging/instrumentation/methods/trends ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Reporter ; Genomics ; Humans ; *Molecular Probe Techniques/instrumentation/trends ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2003-06-14
    Description: In eukaryotes, the combinatorial association of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins is essential for transcription. We have used protein arrays to test 492 pairings of a nearly complete set of coiled-coil strands from human basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. We find considerable partnering selectivity despite the bZIPs' homologous sequences. The interaction data are of high quality, as assessed by their reproducibility, reciprocity, and agreement with previous observations. Biophysical studies in solution support the relative binding strengths observed with the arrays. New associations provide insights into the circadian clock and the unfolded protein response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Newman, John R S -- Keating, Amy E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2097-101. Epub 2003 Jun 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12805554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Circadian Rhythm ; Circular Dichroism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; G-Box Binding Factors ; Humans ; *Leucine Zippers ; Peptides/chemistry/isolation & purification/metabolism ; *Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Binding ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Signal Transduction ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bray, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 21;299(5610):1189-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. d.bray@zoo.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12595679" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antibody Diversity ; Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Variation ; Genomics ; Histones/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Methylation ; Phenotype ; Potassium Channels/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Proteomics ; RNA Splicing ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Selection, Genetic ; Troponin T/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nicholson, Donald W -- Thornberry, Nancy A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):214-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec HLH 3LI, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; Caspase 9 ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Neoplasms/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Protein Precursors/*metabolism ; Pyridines/*pharmacology ; RNA Interference ; Thymosin/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-11-25
    Description: Complete genomic sequences from diverse phylogenetic lineages reveal notable increases in genome complexity from prokaryotes to multicellular eukaryotes. The changes include gradual increases in gene number, resulting from the retention of duplicate genes, and more abrupt increases in the abundance of spliceosomal introns and mobile genetic elements. We argue that many of these modifications emerged passively in response to the long-term population-size reductions that accompanied increases in organism size. According to this model, much of the restructuring of eukaryotic genomes was initiated by nonadaptive processes, and this in turn provided novel substrates for the secondary evolution of phenotypic complexity by natural selection. The enormous long-term effective population sizes of prokaryotes may impose a substantial barrier to the evolution of complex genomes and morphologies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch, Michael -- Conery, John S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 21;302(5649):1401-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. mlynch@bio.indiana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14631042" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Bacteria/genetics ; Body Constitution ; Eukaryota/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Fungi/genetics ; Gene Duplication ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Drift ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Humans ; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; Introns ; Invertebrates/genetics ; Mutation ; *Phylogeny ; Plants/genetics ; Population Density ; Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Spliceosomes ; Vertebrates/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nickle, David C -- Jensen, Mark A -- Gottlieb, Geoffrey S -- Shriner, Daniel -- Learn, Gerald H -- Rodrigo, Allen G -- Mullins, James I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1515-8; author reply 1515-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624248" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Consensus Sequence ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, env ; Genes, gag ; Genetic Variation ; HIV Antigens/genetics/immunology ; HIV-1/classification/*genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; *Phylogeny
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):767.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593143" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada/epidemiology ; Common Cold/diagnosis/epidemiology/virology ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/virology ; Coronavirus OC43, Human/classification/*isolation & purification ; *Disease Outbreaks ; False Positive Reactions ; Humans ; *Nursing Homes ; SARS Virus/classification/isolation & purification ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*diagnosis/epidemiology/virology
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2003-10-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nobrega, Marcelo A -- Ovcharenko, Ivan -- Afzal, Veena -- Rubin, Edward M -- HL66728/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):413.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14563999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anura/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Conserved Sequence ; *DNA, Intergenic ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Introns ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Nuclear Proteins/*genetics ; Synteny ; Takifugu/genetics ; Tetraodontiformes/genetics ; Xenopus/genetics ; Zebrafish/genetics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-09-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yewdell, Jonathan W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 5;301(5638):1334-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892-0440, USA. jyewdell@nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12958347" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Codon ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/chemistry/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*immunology ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism ; Peptides/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; Reading Frames ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Self Tolerance ; Virus Latency
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2003-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 28;299(5615):1958-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12663882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biomedical Research/economics ; Databases, Genetic/economics ; *Government Agencies/economics ; Great Britain ; Humans ; *Research Support as Topic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, Richard A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):885.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738825" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ascomycota ; Charcoal ; Climate ; *Ecosystem ; Feces/microbiology ; Geologic Sediments ; Humans ; Madagascar ; *Mammals ; New York ; *Paleontology ; Pollen ; Population Dynamics ; *Spores, Fungal
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yimin, Ding -- Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):180.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522219" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Astronauts ; China ; Humans ; *Space Flight ; Weightlessness
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):299.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869737" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biomedical Research ; China/epidemiology ; Disease Reservoirs ; Humans ; Laboratories ; *SARS Virus ; Seasons ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*epidemiology/prevention & ; control/transmission/virology
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: Raf kinases have been linked to endothelial cell survival. Here, we show that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) differentially activate Raf, resulting in protection from distinct pathways of apoptosis in human endothelial cells and chick embryo vasculature. bFGF activated Raf-1 via p21-activated protein kinase-1 (PAK-1) phosphorylation of serines 338 and 339, resulting in Raf-1 mitochondrial translocation and endothelial cell protection from the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, independent of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK1). In contrast, VEGF activated Raf-1 via Src kinase, leading to phosphorylation of tyrosines 340 and 341 and MEK1-dependent protection from extrinsic-mediated apoptosis. These findings implicate Raf-1 as a pivotal regulator of endothelial cell survival during angiogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alavi, Alireza -- Hood, John D -- Frausto, Ricardo -- Stupack, Dwayne G -- Cheresh, David A -- CA45726/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA50286/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA75924/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA78045/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):94-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/drug effects ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology ; Lymphokines/pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects ; Phosphorylation ; Point Mutation ; Protein Transport ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Umbilical Veins ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; p21-Activated Kinases ; src-Family Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-06-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1487-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biomedical Research ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/diagnosis/prevention & control/transmission ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disease Reservoirs ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic ; SARS Virus/immunology ; *Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/diagnosis/epidemiology/prevention & ; control/transmission ; United States ; Viral Vaccines/economics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 24;302(5645):594-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use ; African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy/etiology/*genetics ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Continental Population Groups/*genetics ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Hypertension/etiology/genetics ; India/ethnology ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism ; *Pharmacogenetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: Direct quantification of biomolecular interaction by single-molecule force spectroscopy has evolved into a powerful tool for materials and life sciences. We introduce an approach in which the unbinding forces required to break intermolecular bonds are measured in a differential format by comparison with a known reference bond (here, a short DNA duplex). In addition to a marked increase in sensitivity and force resolution, which enabled us to resolve single-base pair mismatches, this concept allows for highly specific parallel assays. This option was exploited to overcome cross-reactions of antibodies in a protein biochip application.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Albrecht, Christian -- Blank, Kerstin -- Lalic-Multhaler, Mio -- Hirler, Siegfried -- Mai, Thao -- Gilbert, Ilka -- Schiffmann, Susanne -- Bayer, Tom -- Clausen-Schaumann, Hauke -- Gaub, Hermann E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):367-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Nanotype GmbH, Lochhamer Schlag 12, 82166 Grafelfing, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies ; *Base Pair Mismatch ; *Biosensing Techniques ; Carbocyanines ; Cross Reactions ; *DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Glass ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Interleukin-5/analysis/immunology ; Mice ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; *Protein Array Analysis ; Protein Binding ; Silicones ; Temperature ; Thermodynamics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-10-11
    Description: Until the 1830s, most Americans were unfamiliar with the images of anatomy. Then a small vanguard of reformers and missionaries began to preach, at home and around the world, that an identification with the images and concepts of anatomy was a crucial part of the civilizing process. In his essay, Sappol charts the changes in the perception of self that resulted from this anatomical evangelism. Today, as anatomical images abound in the arts and the media, we still believe that anatomical images show us our inner reality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sappol, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 10;302(5643):232-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA. michael_sappol@nlm.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14551420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anatomy/education/history ; Anatomy, Artistic ; *Body Image ; History, 19th Century ; *Human Body ; Humans ; Medical Illustration ; Missionaries ; Myanmar ; Religion and Science ; Religious Missions/history ; *Self Concept ; Textbooks as Topic
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 15;301(5635):912-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biological Warfare ; *Biotechnology/economics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Security Measures ; *Smallpox Vaccine/economics ; United States ; *Viral Vaccines/economics
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2003-08-23
    Description: To elucidate gene function on a global scale, we identified pairs of genes that are coexpressed over 3182 DNA microarrays from humans, flies, worms, and yeast. We found 22,163 such coexpression relationships, each of which has been conserved across evolution. This conservation implies that the coexpression of these gene pairs confers a selective advantage and therefore that these genes are functionally related. Many of these relationships provide strong evidence for the involvement of new genes in core biological functions such as the cell cycle, secretion, and protein expression. We experimentally confirmed the predictions implied by some of these links and identified cell proliferation functions for several genes. By assembling these links into a gene-coexpression network, we found several components that were animal-specific as well as interrelationships between newly evolved and ancient modules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stuart, Joshua M -- Segal, Eran -- Koller, Daphne -- Kim, Stuart K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 10;302(5643):249-55. Epub 2003 Aug 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford Medical Informatics, 251 Campus Drive, Medical School Office Building X-215, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12934013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Cell Cycle/genetics ; Cell Division/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Databases, Genetic ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Fungal ; Genes, Helminth ; Genes, Insect ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Mutation ; *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Proteins/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Species Specificity ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1351.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/virology ; Carnivora/*virology ; China ; Disease Reservoirs ; Food ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Ontario/epidemiology ; SARS Virus/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*epidemiology/transmission/*virology
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: In the tactile funneling illusion, the simultaneous presentation of brief stimuli at multiple points on the skin produces a single focal sensation at the center of the stimulus pattern even when no physical stimulus occurs at that site. Consistent with the funneling percept, we show with optical imaging in area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) that simultaneous stimulation of two fingertips produces a single focal cortical activation between the single fingertip activation regions. Thus, in contrast to traditional views of the body map, topographic representation in the SI reflects the perceived rather than the physical location of peripheral stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Li M -- Friedman, Robert M -- Roe, Anna W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):881-5. Epub 2003 Sep 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Illusions/*physiology ; Male ; Perception/*physiology ; Physical Stimulation ; Saimiri ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ; Touch/*physiology
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  • 60
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Containment of Biohazards/*standards ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Laboratories/*standards ; Laboratory Infection/*prevention & control/transmission ; *SARS Virus ; *Safety ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*prevention & control/transmission ; Specimen Handling/standards ; World Health Organization
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 23;300(5623):1216.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12764163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; New York City ; *Quarantine ; *Research Personnel ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/*prevention & control ; *Travel
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):742.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907763" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; *International Cooperation ; Japan ; *Neutrons ; Nickel ; *Nuclear Warfare ; *Publishing ; Radiation Dosage ; Radioisotopes ; Radiometry ; United States
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Svejstrup, Jesper Q -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 22;301(5636):1053-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research, London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, Hertfordshire, UK. j.svejstrup@cancer.org.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12933997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dimerization ; Drosophila/genetics/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; *High Mobility Group Proteins ; Histones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Nucleosomes/*metabolism ; RNA Polymerase II/*metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Elongation Factors/*metabolism
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 9;300(5621):886-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/*virology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; History, 21st Century ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; SARS Virus/*classification/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity/ultrastructure ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology/*virology ; Sri Lanka ; United States ; Universities ; World Health Organization
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 65
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Clinical Protocols/standards ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*standards ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Multicenter Studies as Topic/standards ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Design/standards ; Respiration, Artificial/*methods ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/*therapy ; United States ; Ventilators, Mechanical
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):181.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioterrorism ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Humans ; *Immunization Programs ; Incidence ; Mass Vaccination ; Smallpox/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; *Smallpox Vaccine ; United States ; *Vaccination
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-07-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):297-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Access to Information ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/virology ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Carnivora/*virology ; China/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; *Disease Reservoirs ; Food Handling ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; SARS Virus/genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology/*transmission/virology ; World Health Organization
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: Although critical for development, immunity, wound healing, and metastasis, integrins represent one of the few classes of plasma membrane receptors for which the basic signaling mechanism remains a mystery. We investigated cytoplasmic conformational changes in the integrin LFA-1 (alphaLbeta2) in living cells by measuring fluorescence resonance energy transfer between cyan fluorescent protein-fused and yellow fluorescent protein-fused alphaL and beta2 cytoplasmic domains. In the resting state these domains were close to each other, but underwent significant spatial separation upon either intracellular activation of integrin adhesiveness (inside-out signaling) or ligand binding (outside-in signaling). Thus, bidirectional integrin signaling is accomplished by coupling extracellular conformational changes to an unclasping and separation of the alpha and beta cytoplasmic domains, a distinctive mechanism for transmitting information across the plasma membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Minsoo -- Carman, Christopher V -- Springer, Timothy A -- CA31798/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1720-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CBR Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD11a/*chemistry ; Antigens, CD18/*chemistry ; Bacterial Proteins ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; Chemokines, CXC/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/*chemistry ; Dimerization ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; Ligands ; Luminescent Proteins ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry ; *Signal Transduction ; Talin/chemistry/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-12-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 19;302(5653):2054-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Bioterrorism ; Clinical Trials as Topic/*economics/standards ; Contracts ; *Fraud ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Law Enforcement ; Plague/drug therapy ; Security Measures ; Sepsis/drug therapy ; Specimen Handling/standards ; Tanzania ; Texas ; United States ; United States Government Agencies ; Universities ; *Yersinia pestis
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: A survey of the dog genome sequence (6.22 million sequence reads; 1.5x coverage) demonstrates the power of sample sequencing for comparative analysis of mammalian genomes and the generation of species-specific resources. More than 650 million base pairs (〉25%) of dog sequence align uniquely to the human genome, including fragments of putative orthologs for 18,473 of 24,567 annotated human genes. Mutation rates, conserved synteny, repeat content, and phylogeny can be compared among human, mouse, and dog. A variety of polymorphic elements are identified that will be valuable for mapping the genetic basis of diseases and traits in the dog.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kirkness, Ewen F -- Bafna, Vineet -- Halpern, Aaron L -- Levy, Samuel -- Remington, Karin -- Rusch, Douglas B -- Delcher, Arthur L -- Pop, Mihai -- Wang, Wei -- Fraser, Claire M -- Venter, J Craig -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1898-903.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512627" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Contig Mapping ; DNA, Intergenic ; Dogs/*genetics ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements ; Male ; Mice/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements ; Synteny
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):766-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14593142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Domestic/virology ; Animals, Wild ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Carnivora/virology ; China/epidemiology ; *Disease Reservoirs ; Humans ; *International Cooperation ; *SARS Virus/immunology ; *Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/diagnosis/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; World Health Organization
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Andreopoulos, Spyros -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):430-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antimalarials/therapeutic use ; *Antiparasitic Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Drug Design ; *Drug Industry/economics ; Humans ; Malaria/drug therapy ; Parasitic Diseases/*drug therapy ; Private Sector ; Public Sector
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2003-08-09
    Description: Alternative pre-messenger RNA splicing is an important mechanism for generating protein diversity and may explain in part how mammalian complexity arises from a surprisingly small complement of genes. Here, we describe "digital polony exon profiling,"a single molecule-based technology for studying complex alternative pre-messenger RNA splicing. This technology allows researchers to monitor the combinatorial diversity of exon inclusion in individual transcripts. A minisequencing strategy provides single nucleotide resolution, and the digital nature of the technology allows quantitation of individual splicing variants. Digital polony exon profiling can be used to investigate the physiological and pathological roles of alternately spliced messenger RNAs, as well as the mechanisms by which these messenger RNAs are produced.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, Jun -- Shendure, Jay -- Mitra, Robi D -- Church, George M -- 5U54GM62119/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 8;301(5634):836-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12907803" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acrylamide ; *Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Antigens, CD44/genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; *Exons ; Humans ; Mice ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Isoforms ; RNA Precursors/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; SMN Complex Proteins
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):224-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690153" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/diagnosis/epidemiology/*virology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Metapneumovirus/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Publishing ; SARS Virus/drug effects/immunology/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/diagnosis/epidemiology/*virology ; World Health Organization
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1363.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; *Communicable Disease Control ; Corynebacterium diphtheriae/pathogenicity ; Diphtheria/microbiology/prevention & control ; Diphtheria Toxin/biosynthesis ; Diphtheria Toxoid ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; *Vaccines ; *Virulence
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1362-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Cholera/epidemiology/microbiology/transmission ; Communicable Disease Control ; Communicable Diseases/*microbiology/*parasitology/transmission/virology ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology/transmission/virology ; *Models, Biological ; Myxoma virus/pathogenicity ; Sanitation ; Vibrio cholerae/pathogenicity ; *Virulence
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Milutinovich, Mark -- Koshland, Douglas E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1101-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750506" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division/*physiology ; Chromatin/*metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/chemistry/*physiology ; Chromosome Segregation ; Chromosomes/*physiology ; Humans ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2003-11-08
    Description: Here, we report evidence for the production of ozone in human disease. Signature products unique to cholesterol ozonolysis are present within atherosclerotic tissue at the time of carotid endarterectomy, suggesting that ozone production occurred during lesion development. Furthermore, advanced atherosclerotic plaques generate ozone when the leukocytes within the diseased arteries are activated in vitro. The steroids produced by cholesterol ozonolysis cause effects that are thought to be critical to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, including cytotoxicity, lipid-loading in macrophages, and deformation of the apolipoprotein B-100 secondary structure. We propose the trivial designation "atheronals" for this previously unrecognized class of steroids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wentworth, Paul Jr -- Nieva, Jorge -- Takeuchi, Cindy -- Galve, Roger -- Wentworth, Anita D -- Dilley, Ralph B -- DeLaria, Giacomo A -- Saven, Alan -- Babior, Bernard M -- Janda, Kim D -- Eschenmoser, Albert -- Lerner, Richard A -- 5T32AI07606/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM 43858/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01CA27489/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):1053-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14605372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Arteriosclerosis/*metabolism ; Carotid Arteries/*metabolism ; Cholestanes/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Foam Cells/drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Hydrazones/metabolism ; Indigo Carmine/metabolism ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism/pharmacology ; Norsteroids/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Ozone/*metabolism ; Singlet Oxygen/metabolism ; Sterols/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2003-02-08
    Description: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of liver disease. Only interferon-alpha and the nucleosidic inhibitors of the viral polymerase, 3TC and adefovir, are approved for therapy. However, these therapies are limited by the side effects of interferon and the substantial resistance of the virus to nucleosidic inhibitors. Potent new antiviral compounds suitable for monotherapy or combination therapy are highly desired. We describe non-nucleosidic inhibitors of HBV nucleocapsid maturation that possess in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity. These inhibitors have potential for future therapeutic regimens to combat chronic HBV infection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deres, Karl -- Schroder, Claus H -- Paessens, Arnold -- Goldmann, Siegfried -- Hacker, Hans Jorg -- Weber, Olaf -- Kramer, Thomas -- Niewohner, Ulrich -- Pleiss, Ulrich -- Stoltefuss, Jurgen -- Graef, Erwin -- Koletzki, Diana -- Masantschek, Ralf N A -- Reimann, Anja -- Jaeger, Rainer -- Gross, Rainer -- Beckermann, Bernhard -- Schlemmer, Karl-Heinz -- Haebich, Dieter -- Rubsamen-Waigmann, Helga -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 7;299(5608):893-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Virology, Chemistry, Isotope Chemistry, Preclinical Pharmakokinetics, Toxicology, Safety Pharmacology, Bayer Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany. karl.deres.kd1@bayer-ag.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12574631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcysteine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Capsid/metabolism ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis ; Half-Life ; Hepatitis B Virus, Duck/drug effects/metabolism ; Hepatitis B virus/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nucleocapsid/*metabolism ; Pyridines/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Pyrimidines/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Triazoles/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Viral Core Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Virus Assembly/drug effects ; Virus Replication/drug effects
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2003-03-22
    Description: T lymphocytes are generated in the thymus, where developing thymocytes must accept one of two fates: They either differentiate or they die. These fates are chiefly determined by signals that originate from the T cell receptor (TCR), a single receptor complex with a remarkable capacity to decide between distinct cell fates. This review explores TCR signaling in thymocytes and focuses on the kinetic aspects of ligand binding, coreceptor involvement, protein phosphorylation, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Understanding the logic of TCR signaling may eventually explain how thymocytes and T cells distinguish self from nonself, a phenomenon that has fascinated immunologists for 50 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Werlen, Guy -- Hausmann, Barbara -- Naeher, Dieter -- Palmer, Ed -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 21;299(5614):1859-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, Department of Research, University Hospital-Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland. guy.werlen@unibas.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12649474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; Antigens, CD/immunology/metabolism ; *Apoptosis ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Ligands ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Major Histocompatibility Complex/immunology ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry/immunology/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Self Tolerance ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*physiology ; Thymus Gland/*cytology
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Derse, David -- Heidecker, Gisela -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1670-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. derse@ncifcrf.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Communication ; Cell Polarity ; Dendritic Cells/virology ; Extracellular Space/virology ; Gene Products, env/metabolism ; Gene Products, tax/physiology ; HTLV-I Infections/virology ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics/*physiology ; Humans ; Intercellular Junctions/*physiology/ultrastructure/virology ; Microtubule-Organizing Center/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*ultrastructure/*virology ; Talin/metabolism ; Virion/physiology
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Kathryn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1646-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637713" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aging ; Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Labeling ; Drug Utilization ; Humans ; Legislation, Drug ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mental Disorders/*drug therapy/pathology ; Patents as Topic ; *Psychopharmacology ; Psychotropic Drugs/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2003-03-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Renner, Rebecca -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 21;299(5614):1829.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12649455" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/growth & development ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Maternal Exposure ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; *Military Science ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; *Perchlorates/adverse effects/toxicity ; Pregnancy ; *Sodium Compounds/adverse effects/toxicity ; Thyroid Gland/drug effects/metabolism ; Thyroid Hormones/metabolism ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; United States Government Agencies ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/adverse effects/toxicity ; *Water Supply
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-01-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Katan, Martijn B -- de Roos, Nicole M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 10;299(5604):206-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. wcfs1@wur.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12522235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advertising as Topic ; Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Dietary Supplements ; European Union ; Food Labeling ; *Food, Fortified ; *Food, Organic ; Humans ; *Legislation, Food ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; *Public Health/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-06-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reimold, Wolf U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 20;300(5627):1889-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Impact Cratering Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa. reimoldw@geosciences.wits.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12817133" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Disasters ; *Earth (Planet) ; *Environment ; Humans ; *Meteoroids ; *Minor Planets ; Research
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-07-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, Kathryn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 11;301(5630):160-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855786" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis/epidemiology/*genetics ; Brain/metabolism ; Child ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics ; Receptors, Dopamine D4 ; Risk Factors ; Social Environment
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reslewic, Susan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1091.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12750498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Policy ; Obesity/*psychology ; United States
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2003-06-07
    Description: Cytokines are inflammatory mediators important in responding to pathogens and other foreign challenges. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are two cytokines produced by T helper type 2 cells, mast cells, and basophils. In addition to their physiological roles, these cytokines are also implicated in pathological conditions such as asthma and allergy. IL-4 can stimulate two receptors, type I and type II, whereas IL-13 signaling is mediated only by the type II receptor (see the STKE Connections Maps). These cytokines activate the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling cascades, which may contribute to allergic responses. In addition, stimulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway through recruitment of members of the insulin receptor substrate family may contribute to survival and proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kelly-Welch, Ann E -- Hanson, Erica M -- Boothby, Mark R -- Keegan, Achsah D -- AI38985/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI45662/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI49460/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM42550/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL61752/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1527-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855, and the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Animals ; Asthma/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/immunology/metabolism ; Interleukin-13/*metabolism ; Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit ; Interleukin-4/*metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin/chemistry/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-13 ; Receptors, Interleukin-4/chemistry/metabolism ; STAT6 Transcription Factor ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; src Homology Domains
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2003-03-01
    Description: The mechanisms that determine how folding attempts are interrupted to target folding-incompetent proteins for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) are poorly defined. Here the alpha-mannosidase I-like protein EDEM was shown to extract misfolded glycoproteins, but not glycoproteins undergoing productive folding, from the calnexin cycle. EDEM overexpression resulted in faster release of folding-incompetent proteins from the calnexin cycle and earlier onset of degradation, whereas EDEM down-regulation prolonged folding attempts and delayed ERAD. Up-regulation of EDEM during ER stress may promote cell recovery by clearing the calnexin cycle and by accelerating ERAD of terminally misfolded polypeptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Molinari, Maurizio -- Calanca, Verena -- Galli, Carmela -- Lucca, Paola -- Paganetti, Paolo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Feb 28;299(5611):1397-400.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Research in Biomedicine, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland. Maurizio.molinari@irb.unisi.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12610306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/chemistry/*metabolism ; Calnexin/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Down-Regulation ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; Glycoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; RNA Interference ; Transfection ; Up-Regulation
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  • 90
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harrington, Gordon M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1671.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthropology ; History, 16th Century ; Humans ; Indians, South American/*history ; Peru ; Writing/*history
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-12-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Dec 12;302(5652):1861.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14671252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Environment ; Humans ; Population Growth
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  • 92
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hardy, John -- Singleton, Andrew -- Gwinn-Hardy, Katrina -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):739-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; *Genetics, Medical ; *Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive/genetics/physiopathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnosis/*genetics/physiopathology/therapy ; Phenotype ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias/genetics/physiopathology
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1138-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Aged ; Animals ; Brain/*drug effects ; Cognition/drug effects ; Dementia/*etiology ; Drug Combinations ; *Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ; Estrogens/*pharmacology ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/administration & dosage/*adverse ; effects/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/administration & dosage/*adverse ; effects/*pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Patient Selection ; Progesterone/pharmacology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Stroke/chemically induced/complications ; Time Factors
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-01-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, Ingrid -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 24;299(5606):496-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12543949" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; *Communication Aids for Disabled ; *Computer Systems ; Electrodes, Implanted ; *Electroencephalography ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; Humans ; Motor Activity ; Paralysis/physiopathology/rehabilitation ; Robotics ; *Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software ; *User-Computer Interface
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  • 95
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-09-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richmond, Julius B -- Fein, Rashi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 26;301(5641):1813.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14512586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; *Insurance, Health ; Medicare ; *National Health Insurance, United States ; *Physicians ; United States
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-08-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, Hugh H -- Pickering, Ingrid J -- George, Graham N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 29;301(5637):1203.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC, MS 69, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cysteine/*analogs & derivatives/*analysis/toxicity ; *Fishes ; Food Contamination ; Humans ; Methylmercury Compounds/*analysis/toxicity ; Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry ; *Perciformes ; Seafood/*analysis ; Spectrum Analysis ; X-Rays
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 15;301(5635):895.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12920267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada ; *Commerce ; *Drug Costs ; *Drug Industry ; Humans ; *Legislation, Drug ; Politics ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mourier, Tobias -- Jeffares, Daniel C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1393.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. tmourier@zi.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiosperms/genetics ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Eukaryota/genetics ; *Eukaryotic Cells ; Fungi/genetics ; Humans ; Insects/genetics ; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; *Introns ; Mice ; Plasmodium/genetics ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Rats ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Takifugu/genetics ; Templates, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2003-06-07
    Description: Insulin resistance is a major hallmark in the development of type II diabetes, which is characterized by the failure of insulin to promote glucose uptake in muscle and to suppress glucose production in liver. The serine-threonine kinase Akt (PKB) is a principal target of insulin signaling that inhibits hepatic glucose output when glucose is available from food. Here we show that TRB3, a mammalian homolog of Drosophila tribbles, functions as a negative modulator of Akt. TRB3 expression is induced in liver under fasting conditions, and TRB3 disrupts insulin signaling by binding directly to Akt and blocking activation of the kinase. Amounts of TRB3 RNA and protein were increased in livers of db/db diabetic mice compared with those in wild-type mice. Hepatic overexpression of TRB3 in amounts comparable to those in db/db mice promoted hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Our results suggest that, by interfering with Akt activation, TRB3 contributes to insulin resistance in individuals with susceptibility to type II diabetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Du, Keyong -- Herzig, Stephan -- Kulkarni, Rohit N -- Montminy, Marc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 6;300(5625):1574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Peptide Biology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1002, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12791994" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics/physiology ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Diabetes Mellitus/genetics/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Fasting ; Genetic Vectors ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose Intolerance ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/blood/*metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology ; Liver/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphorylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; RNA Interference ; Rats ; Repressor Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Transfection ; Transgenes ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Two-Hybrid System Techniques
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kennedy, Donald -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):437.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Education, Graduate ; *Emigration and Immigration ; Faculty ; *Foreign Professional Personnel ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Research Personnel ; Science/education ; *Security Measures ; *Travel ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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