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  • Articles  (897)
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  • 1
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    A G protein mutant that inhibits thrombin and purinergic receptor activation of phospholipase A2 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: The stimulation of phospholipase A2 by thrombin and type 2 (P2)-purinergic receptor agonists in Chinese hamster ovary cells is mediated by the G protein Gi. To delineate alpha chain regulatory regions responsible for control of phospholipase A2, chimeric cDNAs were constructed in which different lengths of the alpha subunit of Gs (alpha s) were replaced with the corresponding sequence of the Gi alpha subunit (alpha i2). When a carboxyl-terminal chimera alpha s-i(38), which has the last 38 amino acids of alpha s substituted with the last 36 residues of alpha i2, was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, the receptor-stimulated phospholipase A2 activity was inhibited, although the chimera could still activate adenylyl cyclase. Thus, alpha s-i(38) is an active alpha s, but also a dominant negative alpha i molecule, indicating that the last 36 amino acids of alpha i2 are a critical domain for G protein regulation of phospholipase A2 activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gupta, S K -- Diez, E -- Heasley, L E -- Osawa, S -- Johnson, G L -- DK37871/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM30324/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):662-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Basic Sciences, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2166341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chlorides/pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Lithium/pharmacology ; Lithium Chloride ; Macromolecular Substances ; *Mutation ; Phospholipases/*metabolism ; Phospholipases A/*metabolism ; Phospholipases A2 ; Receptors, Purinergic/drug effects/*physiology ; Restriction Mapping ; Thrombin/antagonists & inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Evidence of changes in protease sensitivity and subunit exchange rate on DNA binding by C/EBP (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-17
    Description: The transcription factor C/EBP uses a bipartite structural motif to bind DNA. Two protein chains dimerize through a set of amphipathic alpha helices termed the leucine zipper. Highly basic polypeptide regions emerge from the zipper to form a linked set of DNA contact surfaces. In the recently proposed a "scissors grip" model, the paired set of basic regions begin DNA contact at a central point and track in opposite directions along the major groove, forming a molecular clamp around DNA. This model predicts that C/EBP must undertake significant changes in protein conformation as it binds and releases DNA. The basic region of ligand-free C/EBP is highly sensitive to protease digestion. Pronounced resistance to proteolysis occurred when C/EBP associated with its specific DNA substrate. Sequencing of discrete proteolytic fragments showed that prominent sites for proteolysis occur at two junction points predicted by the "scissors grip" model. One junction corresponds to the cleft where the basic regions emerge from the leucine zipper. The other corresponds to a localized nonhelical segment that has been hypothesized to contain an N-cap and facilitate the sharp angulation necessary for the basic region to track continuously in the major groove of DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shuman, J D -- Vinson, C R -- McKnight, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 17;249(4970):771-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Research Laboratories, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2202050" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Binding Sites ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Leucine ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Trypsin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 3
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    A cytosolic protein catalyzes the release of GDP from p21ras (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-06
    Description: The rate of release of guanine nucleotides from the ras proteins (Ras) is extremely slow in the presence of Mg2+. It seemed likely, therefore that a factor might exist to accelerate the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP), and hence the exchange of GDP for guanosine triphosphate (GTP). Such a factor has now been discovered in rat brain cytosol. Brain cytosol was found to catalyze, by orders of magnitude, the release of guanine nucleotides from recombinant v-H-Ras protein bound with [alpha-32P]GDP. This effect occurred even in the presence of a large excess of Mg2+, but was destroyed by heat or by incubation of the cytosol for an hour at 37 degrees C in the absence of phosphatase inhibitors. The effect was observed with either v-H-Ras or c-H-Ras, but not with p25rab3A, a small G protein with about 30% similarity to Ras. The effect could not be mimicked by addition of recombinant Ras-GAP or purified GEF, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor involved in the regulation of eukaryotic protein synthesis. By gel filtration chromatography, the factor appears to possess a molecular size between 100,000 and 160,000 daltons. This protein (Ras-guanine nucleotide-releasing factor, or Ras-GRF) may be involved in the activation of p21ras.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wolfman, A -- Macara, I G -- CA 43551/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- ES 01247/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- GM 41220/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 6;248(4951):67-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY 14642.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2181667" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Brain/metabolism ; Cholic Acids ; Cytosol/*metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotides/*metabolism ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) ; Guanosine Diphosphate/*metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Kinetics ; Magnesium Chloride/pharmacology ; Molecular Weight ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; Rats ; Thionucleotides/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Induction of cellular senescence in immortalized cells by human chromosome 1 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-09
    Description: The control of cellular senescence by specific human chromosomes was examined in interspecies cell hybrids between diploid human fibroblasts and an immortal, Syrian hamster cell line. Most such hybrids exhibited a limited life span comparable to that of the human fibroblasts, indicating that cellular senescence is dominant in these hybrids. Karyotypic analyses of the hybrid clones that did not senesce revealed that all these clones had lost both copies of human chromosome 1, whereas all other human chromosomes were observed in at least some of the immortal hybrids. The application of selective pressure for retention of human chromosome 1 to the cell hybrids resulted in an increased percentage of hybrids that senesced. Further, the introduction of a single copy of human chromosome 1 to the hamster cells by microcell fusion caused typical signs of cellular senescence. Transfer of chromosome 11 had no effect on the growth of the cells. These findings indicate that human chromosome 1 may participate in the control of cellular senescence and further support a genetic basis for cellular senescence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sugawara, O -- Oshimura, M -- Koi, M -- Annab, L A -- Barrett, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 9;247(4943):707-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2300822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Clone Cells ; Cricetinae ; Diploidy ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells/*cytology ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Karyotyping ; Mice ; Ploidies ; Transfection ; Translocation, Genetic ; X Chromosome
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  • 5
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    Failure to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma gene product in senescent human fibroblasts (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: Heterokaryon studies suggest that senescent and quiescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) contain a common inhibitor of entry into S phase. DNA synthesis can be induced in senescent and quiescent HDF by fusing them with cells containing DNA viral oncogenes such as SV40 T antigen, adenovirus E1A, or human papillomavirus E7. Both senescent and quiescent HDF contained the unphosphorylated form (p110Rb) of the retinoblastoma protein, a putative inhibitor of proliferation. After serum stimulation, senescent HDF did not phosphorylate p110Rb and did not enter S phase, whereas quiescent HDF phosphorylated p110Rb and entered S phase. These findings, combined with the observations that T antigen, E1A, and E7 form complexes with, and presumably inactivate, unphosphorylated p110Rb, suggest that failure to phosphorylate p110Rb may be an immediate cause of failure to enter S phase in senescent HDF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stein, G H -- Beeson, M -- Gordon, L -- AG 00947/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):666-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0347.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2166342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus Early Proteins ; Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Interphase ; Molecular Weight ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/metabolism ; Oncogenes ; Papillomaviridae/genetics ; Phosphoproteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Retinoblastoma Protein ; Simian virus 40/genetics/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 6
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    A cDNA for a protein that interacts with the human immunodeficiency virus Tat transactivator (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-29
    Description: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tat protein (Tat) is a positive regulator of virus gene expression and replication. Biotinylated Tat was used as a probe to screen a lambda gt11 fusion protein library, and a complementary DNA encoding a protein that interacts with Tat was cloned. Expression of this protein, designated TBP-1 (for Tat binding protein-1), was observed in a variety of cell lines, with expression being highest in human cells. TBP-1 was localized predominantly in the nucleus, which is consistent with the nuclear localization of Tat. In cotransfection experiments, expression of TBP-1 was able to specifically suppress Tat-mediated transactivation. The strategy described may be useful for direct identification and cloning of genes encoding proteins that associate with other proteins to modulate their activity in a positive or negative fashion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nelbock, P -- Dillon, P J -- Perkins, A -- Rosen, C A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 29;248(4963):1650-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Oncology and Virology, Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2194290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Gene Library ; Gene Products, tat/*metabolism ; HIV/genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 7
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    Identification of a sequence in the PEPCK gene that mediates a negative effect of insulin on transcription (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-03
    Description: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) governs the rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis. Glucocorticoids and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) increase PEPCK gene transcription and gluconeogenesis, whereas insulin has the opposite effect. Insulin is dominant, since it prevents cAMP and glucocorticoid-stimulated transcription. Glucocorticoid and cAMP response elements have been located in the PEPCK gene and now a 15-base pair insulin-responsive sequence (IRS) is described. Evidence for a binding activity that recognizes this sequence is presented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, R M -- Lucas, P C -- Forest, C D -- Magnuson, M A -- Granner, D K -- DK 20593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK 35107/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):533-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232-0615.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2166335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; *Genes, Regulator ; Insulin/*pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP)/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/drug effects/genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Thionucleotides ; Transcription, Genetic/*drug effects ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Kinetics of gramicidin channel formation in lipid bilayers: transmembrane monomer association (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-30
    Description: Conducting gramicidin channels form predominantly by the transmembrane association of monomers, one from each side of a lipid bilayer. In single-channel experiments in planar bilayers the two gramicidin analogs, [Val1]gramicidin A (gA) and [4,4,4-F3-Val1]gramicidin A (F3gA), form dimeric channels that are structurally equivalent and have characteristically different conductances. When these gramicidins were added asymmetrically, one to each side of a preformed bilayer, the predominant channel type was the hybrid channel, formed between two chemically dissimilar monomers. These channels formed by the association of monomers residing in each half of the membrane. These results also indicate that the hydrophobic gramicidins are surprisingly membrane impermeant, a conclusion that was confirmed in experiments in which gA was added asymmetrically and symmetrically to preformed bilayers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Connell, A M -- Koeppe, R E 2nd -- Andersen, O S -- GM21342/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM34968/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 30;250(4985):1256-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1700867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Chemistry, Physical ; Electric Conductivity ; Gramicidin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Ion Channels/*chemistry/physiology ; Kinetics ; Lipid Bilayers/*chemistry ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
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    RAG-1 and RAG-2, adjacent genes that synergistically activate V(D)J recombination (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-22
    Description: The vast repertoire of immunoglobulins and T cell receptors is generated, in part, by V(D)J recombination, a series of genomic rearrangements that occur specifically in developing lymphocytes. The recombination activating gene, RAG-1, which is a gene expressed exclusively in maturing lymphoid cells, was previously isolated. RAG-1 inefficiently induced V(D)J recombinase activity when transfected into fibroblasts, but cotransfection with an adjacent gene, RAG-2, has resulted in at least a 1000-fold increase in the frequency of recombination. The 2.1-kilobase RAG-2 complementary DNA encodes a putative protein of 527 amino acids whose sequence is unrelated to that of RAG-1. Like RAG-1, RAG-2 is conserved between species that carry out V(D)J recombination, and its expression pattern correlates precisely with that of V(D)J recombinase activity. In addition to being located just 8 kilobases apart, these convergently transcribed genes are unusual in that most, if not all, of their coding and 3' untranslated sequences are contained in single exons. RAG-1 and RAG-2 might activate the expression of the V(D)J recombinase but, more likely, they directly participate in the recombination reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Oettinger, M A -- Schatz, D G -- Gorka, C -- Baltimore, D -- GM39458/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 22;248(4962):1517-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2360047" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Cricetinae ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases/*genetics ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Dogs ; Female ; *Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte ; *Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte ; *Homeodomain Proteins ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Multigene Family ; Nuclear Proteins ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Opossums ; Proteins/*genetics ; Rabbits ; Recombination, Genetic/*genetics ; Restriction Mapping ; Transfection ; Turtles ; VDJ Recombinases
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  • 10
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    High-resolution mapping of human chromosome 11 by in situ hybridization with cosmid clones (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-05
    Description: Cosmid clones containing human DNA inserts have been mapped on chromosome 11 by fluorescence in situ hybridization under conditions that suppress signal from repetitive DNA sequences. Thirteen known genes, one chromosome 11-specific DNA repeat, and 36 random clones were analyzed. High-resolution mapping was facilitated by using digital imaging microscopy and by analyzing extended (prometaphase) chromosomes. The map coordinates established by in situ hybridization showed a one to one correspondence with those determined by Southern (DNA) blot analysis of hybrid cell lines containing fragments of chromosome 11. Furthermore, by hybridizing three or more cosmids simultaneously, gene order on the chromosome could be established unequivocally. These results demonstrate the feasibility of rapidly producing high-resolution maps of human chromosomes by in situ hybridization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lichter, P -- Tang, C J -- Call, K -- Hermanson, G -- Evans, G A -- Housman, D -- Ward, D C -- GM-27882/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM-33868/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD-18012/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 5;247(4938):64-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2294592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blotting, Southern ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cosmids/*genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Probes ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; *Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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  • 11
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    Expression of T cell antigen receptor heterodimers in a lipid-linked form (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: The interaction of the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) with its antigen-major histocompatibility complex ligand is difficult to study because both are cell surface multimers. The TCR consists of two chains (alpha and beta) that are complexed to the five or more nonpolymorphic CD3 polypeptides. A soluble form of the TCR was engineered by replacing the carboxyl termini of alpha and beta with signal sequences from lipid-linked proteins, making them susceptible to enzymatic cleavage. In this manner, TCR heterodimers can be expressed independently of the CD3 polypeptides and in significant quantities (0.5 milligram per week). This technique seems generalizable to biochemical and structural studies of many other cell surface molecules as well.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, A Y -- Devaux, B -- Green, A -- Sagerstrom, C -- Elliott, J F -- Davis, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):677-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5402.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1696397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaline Phosphatase/genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD3 ; Antigens, CD55 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Cell Line ; Complement Inactivator Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Placenta/enzymology ; Pregnancy ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; Transfection
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  • 12
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    Presentation of exogenous antigen with class I major histocompatibility complex molecules (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-24
    Description: Soluble antigens (Ags) in the extracellular fluids are excluded from the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted pathway of Ag presentation in most cells. However, an exogenous Ag can be internalized, processed, and presented in association with class I MHC molecules on specialized Ag-presenting cells (APCs). These APCs express class II molecules and can simultaneously present exogenous Ags to both class I and class II MHC-restricted T cells. These APCs may be important participants in the regulation of host immune responses. This APC activity may explain several phenomena of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) priming in vivo and might be exploited for eliciting CTL responses to protein vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rock, K L -- Gamble, S -- Rothstein, L -- AI-20248/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 24;249(4971):918-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2392683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Azides/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Ovalbumin/*immunology ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    An insertion in the human thyrotropin receptor critical for high affinity hormone binding (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-21
    Description: Thyrotropin (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and chorionic gonadotropin (CG) are structurally related glycoprotein hormones, which bind to receptors that share a high degree of sequence similarity. However, comparison of the primary amino acid sequences of the TSH and LH-CG receptors reveals two unique insertions of 8 and 50 amino acids in the extracellular domain of the TSH receptor. The functional significance of these insertions were determined by site-directed mutagenesis. Deletion of the 50-amino acid tract (residues 317 to 366) had no effect on TSH binding or on TSH and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) biological activities. In contrast, either deletion or substitution of the eight-amino acid region (residues 38 to 45) abolished these activities. This eight-amino acid tract near the amino terminus of the TSH receptor appears to be an important site of interaction for both TSH and TSI.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wadsworth, H L -- Chazenbalk, G D -- Nagayama, Y -- Russo, D -- Rapoport, B -- DK-19289/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK-36182/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 21;249(4975):1423-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2169649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Deletion ; Clone Cells ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Receptors, Thyrotropin/*genetics/metabolism ; Thyrotropin/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Transfection
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  • 14
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    Human cortical neuronal cell line: establishment from a patient with unilateral megalencephaly (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-04
    Description: A cell line has been established in continuous culture of human cerebral cortical neurons obtained from a patient with unilateral megalencephaly, a disorder associated with continued proliferation of immature neuronal cells. When differentiated in the presence of nerve growth factor, 1-isobutyl-3-methylxanthine, and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), the cells display mature neuronal morphology with numerous long, extensively branched processes with spines and varicosities. The cells stain positively for neurofilament protein and neuron-specific enolase (selective neuronal markers) but are negative for glial markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100, and myelin basic protein. The cells also stain positively for the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, somatostatin, cholecystokinin-8, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. These cells may facilitate characterization of neurons in the human central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ronnett, G V -- Hester, L D -- Nye, J S -- Connors, K -- Snyder, S H -- DA 00074/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 00266/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- MH 18501/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 4;248(4955):603-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1692158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine/pharmacology ; Brain Diseases/*pathology ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cerebral Cortex/*pathology ; Culture Techniques/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects/*pathology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/analysis ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Defective presentation of endogenous antigen by a cell line expressing class I molecules (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-20
    Description: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules associated with antigenic peptides derived from endogenously synthesized proteins. Binding to such peptides is a requirement for class I assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A mutant human cell line, T2, assembles and transports to its surface some, but not all, class I MHC molecules. The class I molecules expressed on the surface of T2 do not present peptides derived from cytosolic antigens, although they can present exogenously added peptides to CTL. The transported class I molecules may interact weakly with an unknown retaining factor in the ER such that they can assemble despite the relative shortage of peptides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hosken, N A -- Bevan, M J -- AI-19335/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 20;248(4953):367-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326647" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/*immunology ; Antigens/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Capsid/immunology ; Cell Line ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/immunology ; Gene Expression ; H-2 Antigens/genetics/immunology ; HLA Antigens/genetics ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Peptides/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Viral Core Proteins/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Expression of interleukin-10 activity by Epstein-Barr virus protein BCRF1 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-09
    Description: Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF; interleukin-10), a product of mouse TH2 T cell clones that inhibits synthesis of cytokines by mouse TH1 T cell clones, exhibits extensive sequence similarity to an uncharacterized open reading frame in the Epstein-Barr virus BCRF1. Recombinant BCRF1 protein mimics the activity of interleukin-10, suggesting that BCRF1 may have a role in the interaction of the virus with the host's immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hsu, D H -- de Waal Malefyt, R -- Fiorentino, D F -- Dang, M N -- Vieira, P -- de Vries, J -- Spits, H -- Mosmann, T R -- Moore, K W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 9;250(4982):830-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukins/*biosynthesis ; Killer Cells, Natural/immunology ; Mice ; Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    Direct interaction of a ligand for the erbB2 oncogene product with the EGF receptor and p185erbB2 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: The erbB2 oncogene encodes a 185-kilodalton transmembrane protein whose sequence is similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). A 30-kilodalton factor (gp30) secreted from MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was shown to be a ligand for p185erbB2. An antibody to EGFR abolished the tyrosine phosphorylation induced by EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) but only partially blocked that produced by gp30 in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. In two cell lines that overexpress erbB2 but do not expresss EGFR (MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells and a Chinese hamster ovary cell line that had been transfected with erbB2), phosphorylation of p185erbB2 was induced only by gp30. The gp30 specifically inhibited the growth of cells that overexpressed p185erbB2. An antibody to EGFR had no effect on the inhibition of SK-BR-3 cell colony formation obtained with gp30. Thus, it appeared that gp30 interacted directly with the EGFR and erbB2. Direct binding of gp30 to p185erbB2 was confirmed by binding competition experiments, where gp30 was found to displace the p185erbB2 binding of a specific antibody to p185erbB2. The evidence described here suggests that gp30 is a ligand for p185erbB2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lupu, R -- Colomer, R -- Zugmaier, G -- Sarup, J -- Shepard, M -- Slamon, D -- Lippman, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1552-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vincent T. Lombardi Cancer Research Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Binding, Competitive ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogenes ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 18
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    Expanded HIV-1 cellular tropism by phenotypic mixing with murine endogenous retroviruses (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-16
    Description: In view of the current interest in in vivo murine models for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the interaction between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and endogenous murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-related retroviruses was investigated with a human leukemic T cell line (PF-382x) that acquired xenotropic MuLV (X-MuLV) after in vivo passage in immunosuppressed mice. Despite similar levels of membrane CD4 expression and HIV-1 125I-labeled gp 120 binding, a dramatic acceleration in the time course of HIV-1 infection was observed in PF-382x compared to its X-MuLV-negative counterpart (PF-382). Moreover, PF-382 cells coinfected by X-MuLV and HIV-1 generated a progeny of phenotypically mixed viral particles, enabling HIV-1 to productively infect a panel of CD4- human cells, including B lymphoid cells and purified normal peripheral blood CD4-/CD8+ T lymphocytes. Mixed viral phenotypes were also produced by human CD4+ T cells coinfected with an amphotropic MuLV-related retrovirus (A-MuLV) and HIV-1. These data show that endogenous MuLV acquired by human cells transplanted into mice can significantly interact with HIV-1, thereby inducing important alterations of HIV-1 biological properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lusso, P -- di Marzo Veronese, F -- Ensoli, B -- Franchini, G -- Jemma, C -- DeRocco, S E -- Kalyanaraman, V S -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 16;247(4944):848-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2305256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, CD4/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Disease Models, Animal ; HIV-1/*genetics/physiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology/microbiology ; Humans ; Mice ; Phenotype ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Viral Proteins/analysis ; Virus Replication
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  • 19
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    Identity of inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase with lipocortin III (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-04
    Description: The amino acid sequences of three fragments of cyanogen bromide-digested human placental inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase, an enzyme of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway, are identical to sequences within lipocortin III, a member of a family of homologous calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins that do not have defined physiological functions. Lipocortin III has also been previously identified as placental anticoagulant protein III (PAP III) and calcimedin 35 alpha. Antibodies to PAP III detected PAP III and inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase with identical reactivity on immunoblotting. In addition, inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate 2-phosphohydrolase was stimulated by the same acidic phospholipids that bind lipocortins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, T S -- Tait, J F -- Majerus, P W -- HLBI 14147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HLBI 16634/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HLBI 40801/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 4;248(4955):605-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2159184" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Annexin A3 ; Annexins ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoblotting ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Placenta/*enzymology ; Pregnancy
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  • 20
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    A base dispute (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Waldrop, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):472-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2382127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Information Systems ; Jurisprudence ; Societies, Scientific ; United States
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  • 21
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    Recovery of mitogenic activity of a growth factor mutant with a nuclear translocation sequence (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: Heparin-binding growth factor-1 (HBGF-1) is an angiogenic polypeptide mitogen for mesoderm- and neuroectoderm-derived cells in vitro and remains biologically active after truncation of the amino-terminal domain (HBGF-1 alpha) of the HBGF-1 beta precursor. Polymerase chain reaction mutagenesis and prokaryotic expression systems were used to prepare a mutant of HBGF-1 alpha lacking a putative nuclear translocation sequence (amino acid residues 21 to 27; HBGF-1U). Although HBGF-1U retains its ability to bind to heparin, HBGF-1U fails to induce DNA synthesis and cell proliferation at concentrations sufficient to induce intracellular receptor-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation and c-fos expression. Attachment of the nuclear translocation sequence from yeast histone 2B at the amino terminus of HBGF-1U yields a chimeric polypeptide (HBGF-1U2) with mitogenic activity in vitro and indicates that nuclear translocation is important for this biological response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Imamura, T -- Engleka, K -- Zhan, X -- Tokita, Y -- Forough, R -- Roeder, D -- Jackson, A -- Maier, J A -- Hla, T -- Maciag, T -- HL 32348/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 35627/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1567-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Jerome H. Holland Laboratory for the Biomedical Sciences, American Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1699274" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding, Competitive ; Cattle ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 1/*genetics/metabolism/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Receptors, Mitogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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  • 22
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    Down-regulation of LFA-1 adhesion receptors by C-myc oncogene in human B lymphoblastoid cells (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-11-02
    Description: The function of the c-myc gene and its role in tumorigenesis are poorly understood. In order to elucidate the role of c-myc oncogene activation in B cell malignancy, the phenotypic changes caused by the expression of c-myc oncogenes in human B lymphoblastoid cells immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus were analyzed. C-myc oncogenes caused the down-regulation of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) adhesion molecules (alpha L/beta 2 integrin) and loss of homotypic B cell adhesion in vitro. Down-regulation of LFA-1 occurred by (i) posttranscriptional modulation of LFA-1 alpha L-chain RNA soon after acute c-myc induction, and (ii) transcriptional modulation in cells that chronically express c-myc oncogenes. Analogous reductions in LFA-1 expression were detectable in Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying activated c-myc oncogenes. Since LFA-1 is involved in B cell adhesion to cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and vascular endothelium, these results imply functions for c-myc in normal B cell development and lymphomagenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inghirami, G -- Grignani, F -- Sternas, L -- Lombardi, L -- Knowles, D M -- Dalla-Favera, R -- CA 37165/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 37295/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 48236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 2;250(4981):682-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2237417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/*analysis/genetics/physiology ; Plasminogen Inactivators ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/*genetics ; *Proto-Oncogenes
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  • 23
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    Reversal of creatine kinase translational repression by 3' untranslated sequences (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-05-25
    Description: A subline of U937 cells (U937D) was obtained in which creatine kinase B (CK-B) messenger RNA was present and bound to ribosomes, but CK activity was undetectable. Transformation of U937D cells with retrovirus vectors that contain the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of CK-B messenger RNA exhibited CK activity with no change in abundance of CK-B mRNA. The 3' UTR formed a complex in vitro with a component of S100 extracts from wild-type cells. This binding activity was not detectable in S100 extracts from cells that expressed CK activity after transformation with the 3' UTR-containing vector. These results suggest that translation of CK-B is repressed by binding of a soluble factor or factors to the 3' UTR.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ch'ng, J L -- Shoemaker, D L -- Schimmel, P -- Holmes, E W -- GM34366/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-CA 47631-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 25;248(4958):1003-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2343304" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Creatine Kinase/*genetics ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Polyribosomes/metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics
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  • 24
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    Intracellular calcium release mediated by sphingosine derivatives generated in cells (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-06-29
    Description: Soluble and hydrophobic lipid breakdown products have a variety of important signaling roles in cells. Here sphingoid bases derived in cells from sphingolipid breakdown are shown to have a potent and direct effect in mediating calcium release from intracellular stores. Sphingosine must be enzymically converted within the cell to a product believed to be sphingosine-1-phosphate, which thereafter effects calcium release from a pool including the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium pool. The sensitivity, molecular specificity, and reversibility of the effect on calcium movements closely parallel sphingoid base-mediated inhibition of protein kinase C. Generation of sphingoid bases in cells may activate a dual signaling pathway involving regulation of calcium and protein kinase C, comparable perhaps to the phosphatidylinositol and calcium signaling pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghosh, T K -- Bian, J -- Gill, D L -- NS19304/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 29;248(4963):1653-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2163543" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Kinetics ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism ; Phosphorylcholine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Second Messenger Systems/drug effects ; Sphingosine/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology ; Thermodynamics
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    Molecular cloning and expression of a complementary DNA for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-06
    Description: A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone that encodes inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase was isolated from a rat brain cDNA expression library with the use of monoclonal antibodies. This clone had an open reading frame that would direct the synthesis of a protein consisting of 449 amino acids and with a molecular mass of 49,853 daltons. The putative protein revealed a potential calmodulin-binding site and six regions with amino acid compositions (PEST regions) common to proteins that are susceptible to calpain. Expression of the cDNA in COS cells resulted in an approximately 150-fold increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase activity of these cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choi, K Y -- Kim, H K -- Lee, S Y -- Moon, K H -- Sim, S S -- Kim, J W -- Chung, H K -- Rhee, S G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 6;248(4951):64-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2157285" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Brain/enzymology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calmodulin/metabolism ; Calpain/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; DNA/*genetics ; *Gene Expression ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphotransferases/*genetics/metabolism ; *Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) ; Plasmids ; Rats ; Transfection
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    Mutations affecting TEA blockade and ion permeation in voltage-activated K+ channels (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-10-12
    Description: Voltage-dependent ion channels are responsible for electrical signaling in neurons and other cells. The main classes of voltage-dependent channels (sodium-, calcium-, and potassium-selective channels) have closely related molecular structures. For one member of this superfamily, the transiently voltage-activated Shaker H4 potassium channel, specific amino acid residues have now been identified that affect channel blockade by the small ion tetraethylammonium, as well as the conduction of ions through the pore. Furthermore, variation at one of these amino acid positions among naturally occurring potassium channels may account for most of their differences in sensitivity to tetraethylammonium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacKinnon, R -- Yellen, G -- GM 43949/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Oct 12;250(4978):276-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2218530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Electric Conductivity ; Kinetics ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Tetraethylammonium ; Tetraethylammonium Compounds/*pharmacology
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    Glucose, sulfonylureas, and neurotransmitter release: role of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-02-16
    Description: Sulfonylurea-sensitive adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-regulated potassium (KATP) channels are present in brain cells and play a role in neurosecretion at nerve terminals. KATP channels in substantia nigra, a brain region that shows high sulfonylurea binding, are inactivated by high glucose concentrations and by antidiabetic sulfonylureas and are activated by ATP depletion and anoxia. KATP channel inhibition leads to activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release, whereas KATP channel activation leads to inhibition of GABA release. These channels may be involved in the response of the brain to hyper- and hypoglycemia (in diabetes) and ischemia or anoxia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amoroso, S -- Schmid-Antomarchi, H -- Fosset, M -- Lazdunski, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 16;247(4944):852-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, UPR 411 du CNRS, Valbonne, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2305257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; Deoxyglucose/pharmacology ; Glucose/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/*pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Oligomycins/pharmacology ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; Rubidium/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substantia Nigra/drug effects/*physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
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    Toxoplasma gondii: fusion competence of parasitophorous vacuoles in Fc receptor-transfected fibroblasts (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-08-10
    Description: After actively entering its host cells, the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii resides in an intracellular vacuole that is completely unable to fuse with other endocytic or biosynthetic organelles. The fusion blocking requires entry of viable organisms but is irreversible: fusion competence of the vacuole is not restored if the parasite is killed after entry. The fusion block can be overcome, however, by altering the parasite's route of entry. Thus, phagocytosis of viable antibody-coated T. gondii by Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with macrophage-lymphocyte Fc receptors results in the formation of vacuoles that are capable of both fusion and acidification. Phagocytosis and fusion appear to involve a domain of the Fc receptor cytoplasmic tail distinct from that required for localization at clathrin-coated pits. These results suggest that the mechanism of fusion inhibition is likely to reflect a modification of the vacuole membrane at the time of its formation, as opposed to the secretion of a soluble inhibitor by the parasite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joiner, K A -- Fuhrman, S A -- Miettinen, H M -- Kasper, L H -- Mellman, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 10;249(4969):641-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2200126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Fibroblasts/parasitology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Lysosomes/physiology/ultrastructure ; Macrophages/immunology ; Membrane Fusion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phagocytosis ; Receptors, Fc/genetics/*physiology ; Toxoplasma/growth & development/*physiology ; *Transfection ; Vacuoles/*parasitology/physiology/ultrastructure
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    Effect of phospholipase C-gamma overexpression on PDGF-induced second messengers and mitogenesis (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-05-04
    Description: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates phospholipase C (PLC) activity and the phosphorylation of the gamma isozyme of PLC (PLC-gamma) in vitro and in living cells. The role of PLC-gamma in the phosphoinositide signaling pathway was addressed by examining the effect of overexpression of PLC-gamma on cellular responses to PDGF. Overexpression of PLC-gamma correlated with PDGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma and with PDGF-induced breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). However, neither bradykinin- nor lysophosphatidic acid-induced phosphoinositide metabolism was enhanced in the transfected cells, suggesting that the G protein-coupled phosphoinositide responses to these ligands are mediated by other PLC isozymes. The enhanced PDGF-induced generation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) did not enhance intracellular calcium signaling or influence PDGF-induced DNA synthesis. Thus, enzymes other than PLC-gamma may limit PDGF-induced calcium signaling and DNA synthesis. Alternatively, PDGF-induced calcium signaling and DNA synthesis may use biochemical pathways other than phosphoinositide metabolism for signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Margolis, B -- Zilberstein, A -- Franks, C -- Felder, S -- Kremer, S -- Ullrich, A -- Rhee, S G -- Skorecki, K -- Schlessinger, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 4;248(4955):607-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rorer Biotechnology, King of Prussia, PA 19406.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2333512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Cattle ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Genetic Vectors ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Isoenzymes/biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Second Messenger Systems/*drug effects ; Transfection ; Type C Phospholipases/biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism
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    Antibody-catalyzed porphyrin metallation (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-08-17
    Description: An antibody elicited to a distorted N-methyl porphyrin catalyzed metal ion chelation by the planar porphyrin. At fixed Zn2+ and Cu2+ concentrations, the antibody-catalyzed reaction showed saturation kinetics with respect to the substrate mesoporphyrin IX (2) and was inhibited by the hapten, N-methylmesoporphyrin IX (1). The turnover number of 80 hour-1 for antibody-catalyzed metallation of 2 with Zn2+ compares with an estimated value of 800 hour-1 for ferrochelatase. The antibody also catalyzed the insertion of Co2+ and Mn2+ into 2, but it did not catalyze the metallation of protoporphyrin IX (3) or deuteroporphyrin IX (4). The antibody has high affinity for several metalloporphyrins, suggesting an approach to developing antibody-heme catalysts for redox or electron transfer reactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cochran, A G -- Schultz, P G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 17;249(4970):781-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2389144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies/*metabolism ; Antigens/immunology ; Catalysis ; Cobalt/metabolism ; Copper/metabolism ; Ferrochelatase/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Manganese/metabolism ; Mesoporphyrins/immunology/metabolism ; Metals/*metabolism ; Porphyrins/*metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism
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    Identification of a specialized adenylyl cyclase that may mediate odorant detection (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-12-07
    Description: The mammalian olfactory system may transduce odorant information via a G protein-mediated adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) cascade. A newly discovered adenylyl cyclase, termed type III, has been cloned, and its expression was localized to olfactory neurons. The type III protein resides in the sensory neuronal cilia, which project into the nasal lumen and are accessible to airborne odorants. The enzymatic activity of the type III adenylyl cyclase appears to differ from nonsensory cyclases. The large difference seen between basal and stimulated activity for the type III enzyme could allow considerable modulation of the intracellular cAMP concentration. This property may represent one mechanism of achieving sensitivity in odorant perception.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bakalyar, H A -- Reed, R R -- 5T32CA09339/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 7;250(4986):1403-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2255909" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics/*physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/enzymology/physiology ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Library ; Glycosylation ; Isoenzymes/genetics/*physiology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Neurons, Afferent/enzymology/physiology ; Nose/enzymology/physiology ; *Odors ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; *Signal Transduction
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    Fibroblast growth factor receptor is a portal of cellular entry for herpes simplex virus type 1 (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-06-15
    Description: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous pathogen responsible for considerable morbidity in the general population. The results presented herein establish the basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor as a means of entry of HSV-1 into vertebrate cells. Inhibitors of basic FGF binding to its receptor and competitive polypeptide antagonists of basic FGF prevented HSV-1 uptake. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that do not express FGF receptors are resistant to HSV-1 entry; however, HSV-1 uptake is dramatically increased in CHO cells transfected with a complementary DNA encoding a basic FGF receptor. The distribution of this integral membrane protein in vivo may explain the tissue and cell tropism of HSV-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaner, R J -- Baird, A -- Mansukhani, A -- Basilico, C -- Summers, B D -- Florkiewicz, R Z -- Hajjar, D P -- P01 DK 18811/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD 96601/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HL 18828/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1410-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2162560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/microbiology ; Cricetinae ; DNA/genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism/pharmacology ; Heparitin Sulfate/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; Simplexvirus/*physiology ; Transfection
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    HTLV-I trans-activator protein, tax, is a trans-repressor of the human beta-polymerase gene (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-03-02
    Description: Human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiological agent for adult T cell leukemia (ATL). The HTLV-I trans-activator protein Tax can activate the expression of its own long terminal repeat (LTR) and many cellular and viral genes. Tax down-regulated the expression of human beta-polymerase (hu beta-pol), a cellular enzyme involved in host cell DNA repair. This finding suggests a possible correlation between HTLV-I infection and host chromosomal damage, which is often seen in ATL cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jeang, K T -- Widen, S G -- Semmes, O J 4th -- Wilson, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Mar 2;247(4946):1082-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2309119" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; DNA Polymerase I/*genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/*genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Repressor Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Trans-Activators/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics ; Transfection
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    Ligand-induced transformation by a noninternalizing epidermal growth factor receptor (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1990-02-23
    Description: Identification of a mutant epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor that does not undergo downregulation has provided a genetic probe to investigate the role of internalization in ligand-induced mitogenesis. Contact-inhibited cells expressing this internalization-defective receptor exhibited a normal mitogenic response at significantly lower ligand concentrations than did cells expressing wild-type receptors. A transformed phenotype and anchorage-independent growth were observed at ligand concentrations that failed to elicit these responses in cells expressing wild-type receptors. These findings imply that activation of the protein tyrosine kinase activity at the cell membrane is sufficient for the growth-enhancing effects of EGF. Thus, downregulation can serve as an attenuation mechanism, without which transformation ensues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wells, A -- Welsh, J B -- Lazar, C S -- Wiley, H S -- Gill, G N -- Rosenfeld, M G -- DDK 13149/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DDK 18477/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 23;247(4945):962-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2305263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Down-Regulation ; *Endocytosis ; Enzyme Activation ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Genetic Vectors ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Subtle cerebellar phenotype in mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of the En-2 homeobox (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: The two mouse genes, En-1 and En-2, that are homologs of the Drosophila segmentation gene engrailed, show overlapping spatially restricted patterns of expression in the neural tube during embryogenesis, suggestive of a role in regional specification. Mice homozygous for a targeted mutation that deletes the homeobox were viable and showed no obvious defects in embryonic development. This may be due to functional redundancy of En-2 and the related En-1 gene product during embryogenesis. Consistent with this hypothesis, the mutant mice showed abnormal foliation in the adult cerebellum, where En-2, and not En-1, is normally expressed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joyner, A L -- Herrup, K -- Auerbach, B A -- Davis, C A -- Rossant, J -- HD25334/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS18381/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS20591/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1239-43.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1672471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cell Line ; Cerebellum/*anatomy & histology/embryology/pathology ; Chimera ; *Chromosome Deletion ; Female ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nervous System/embryology ; Phenotype
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    Evidence of lactate dehydrogenase-B allozyme effects in the teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: The evolutionary significance of protein polymorphisms has long been debated. Exponents of the balanced theory advocate that selection operates to maintain polymorphisms, whereas the neoclassical school argues that most genetic variation is neutral. Some studies have suggested that protein polymorphisms are not neutral, but their significance has been questioned because one cannot eliminate the possibility that linked loci were responsible for the observed differences. Evidence is presented that an enzymatic phenotype can affect carbon flow through a metabolic pathway. Glucose flux differences between lactate dehydrogenase-B phenotypes of Fundulus heteroclitus were reversed by substituting the Ldh-B gene product of one homozygous genotype with that of another.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DiMichele, L -- Paynter, K T -- Powers, D A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):898-900.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1876847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/enzymology ; Genotype ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Isoenzymes ; Killifishes/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Kinetics ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/*genetics/metabolism ; Lactates/metabolism ; Lactic Acid ; Microinjections ; Phenotype ; Swine
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    Clathrate hydrate formation in amorphous cometary ice analogs in vacuo (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: The presence of clathrate hydrates in cometary ice has been suggested to account for anomalous gas release at large radial distances from the sun as well as the retention of volatiles in comets to elevated temperatures. However, how clathrate hydrates can form in low-pressure environments, such as in cold interstellar molecular clouds, in the outer reaches of the early solar nebula, or in cometary ices, has been poorly understood. Experiments performed with the use of a modified electron microscope demonstrate that during the warming of vapor-deposited amorphous ices in vacuo, clathrate hydrates can form by rearrangements in the solid state. Phase separations and microporous textures that are the result of these rearrangements may account for a variety of anomalous cometary phenomena.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Blake, D -- Allamandola, L -- Sandford, S -- Hudgins, D -- Freund, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254:548-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Planetary Biology Branch, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11538372" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Crystallography ; Earth (Planet) ; Hydrocarbons/chemistry ; Ice/*analysis ; *Meteoroids ; Microscopy, Electron ; *Solar System
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    Negative regulation of CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity by ionomycin in T cells (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-20
    Description: CD45 is a leukocyte-specific, transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) required for T cell responsiveness. How the activity of PTPases is regulated in vivo is unclear. Treatment of murine thymocytes and a variety of murine T cell lines with the calcium ionophore ionomycin decreased CD45 PTPase activity. Ionomycin treatment also led to a decreased phosphorylation of serine residues in CD45. These results indicate that increased intracellular calcium modulates CD45 PTPase activity, demonstrating regulation of CD45 PTPase activity in vivo, and also implicate serine dephosphorylation as a possible mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ostergaard, H L -- Trowbridge, I S -- CA-17733/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1423-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cancer Biology, Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92186.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1654595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD45 ; Cell Line ; Histocompatibility Antigens/*metabolism ; Ionomycin/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/*metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; Spleen/drug effects/enzymology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*enzymology/immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology
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  • 39
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    Differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes induced by transfection of ras oncogenes (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-02
    Description: Mammalian 3T3-L1 cells differentiate into adipocytes after continuous exposure to pharmacological doses of insulin or physiological doses of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1). Expression of transfected ras oncogenes led to differentiation of these cells into adipocytes in the absence of externally added insulin or IGF-I. Cells transfected with normal ras genes or the tyrosine kinase trk oncogene did not differentiate. Transfection with a dominant inhibitory ras mutant resulted in inhibition of differentiation. Exposure of untransfected 3T3-L1 cells to insulin stimulated formation of the active Ras.GTP complex. These observations indicate that Ras proteins participate in signal transduction pathways initiated by insulin and IGF-I in these cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benito, M -- Porras, A -- Nebreda, A R -- Santos, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 2;253(5019):565-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1857988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*cytology ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; *Genes, ras ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; *Transfection
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    An unexpectedly efficient catalytic antibody operating by ping-pong and induced fit mechanisms (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-03
    Description: A transition state analogue was used to produce a mouse antibody that catalyzes transesterification in water. The antibody behaves as a highly efficient catalyst with a covalent intermediate and the characteristic of induced fit. While some features of the catalytic pathway were programmed when the hapten was designed and reflect favorable substrate-antibody interactions, other features are a manifestation of the chemical potential of antibody diversity. The fact that antibodies recapitulate mechanisms and pathways previously thought to be a characteristic of highly evolved enzymes suggests that once an appropriate binding cavity is achieved, reaction pathways commensurate with the intrinsic chemical potential of proteins ensue.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wirsching, P -- Ashley, J A -- Benkovic, S J -- Janda, K D -- Lerner, R A -- GM43858-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 3;252(5006):680-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2024120" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Alcohols/metabolism ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology/*metabolism ; Antibody Specificity ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; *Catalysis ; Enzymes/metabolism ; Esterification ; Haptens ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Water
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  • 41
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    Inhibition of Rap1A binding to cytochrome b558 of NADPH oxidase by phosphorylation of Rap1A (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-20
    Description: Rap1A is a low molecular weight guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein in human neutrophil membranes whose cellular function is unknown. Rap1A was found to form stoichiometric complexes with the cytochrome b558 component of the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system. The (guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-gamma-S)-bound form of Rap1A bound more tightly to cytochrome b558 than did the guanosine diphosphate-bound form. No complex formation was observed between cytochrome b558 and H-Ras-GTP-gamma-S or Rap1A-GTP-gamma-S that had been heat-inactivated, nor between Rap1A-GTP-gamma-S and hydrophobic proteins serving as controls. Complex formation between Rap1A-GTP-gamma-S and cytochrome b558 was inhibited by phosphorylation of Rap1A with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase. These observations suggest that Rap1A may participate in the structure or regulation of the NADPH oxidase system and that this function of the Rap1A protein may be altered by phosphorylation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bokoch, G M -- Quilliam, L A -- Bohl, B P -- Jesaitis, A J -- Quinn, M T -- 5RO126711/PHS HHS/ -- GM39434/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM44428/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 20;254(5039):1794-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1763330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Chromatography, Gel ; Cytochrome b Group/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/*metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase ; Neutrophils/enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/isolation & purification/metabolism ; rap GTP-Binding Proteins
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  • 42
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    Lateral movements of membrane glycoproteins restricted by dynamic cytoplasmic barriers (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-29
    Description: Cell membranes often are patchy, composed of lateral domains. These domains may be formed by barriers within or on either side of the membrane bilayer. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1 molecules that were either transmembrane- (H-2Db) or glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored (Qa2) were labeled with antibody-coated gold particles and moved across the cell surface with a laser optical tweezers until they encountered a barrier, the barrier-free path length (BFP). At room temperature, the BFPs of Qa2 and H-2Db were 1.7 +/- 0.2 and 0.6 +/- 0.1 (micrometers +/- SEM), respectively. Barriers persisted at 34 degrees C, although the BFP for both MHC molecules was fivefold greater at 34 degrees C than at 23 degrees C. This indicates that barriers to lateral movement are primarily on the cytoplasmic half of the membrane and are dynamic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Edidin, M -- Kuo, S C -- Sheetz, M P -- AL14584/PHS HHS/ -- GM 36277/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1379-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1835798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Glycolipids/physiology ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols ; Gold ; H-2 Antigens/*physiology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*physiology ; *Lipid Bilayers ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositols/physiology ; Thermodynamics ; Transfection
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    Split anergy in a CD8+ T cell: receptor-dependent cytolysis in the absence of interleukin-2 production (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: Engagement of the antigen-specific receptor (TCR) of CD4+ T lymphocytes without a second (costimulatory) signal prevents the subsequent production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by these cells. Because IL-2 is a key immunoregulatory lymphokine and is also produced by a subset of CD8+ T cells that are able to kill target cells, the effect of engaging the TCR of one such clone in the absence of costimulatory signals was examined. The capacity for TCR-dependent IL-2 production was lost, indicating comparable costimulator-dependent signaling requirements for IL-2 production in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. However, TCR-mediated cytotoxicity was not impaired, implying that costimulation is required for only certain TCR-dependent effector functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Otten, G R -- Germain, R N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1228-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1900952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; Antigens, CD8 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Female ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Kinetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Rats ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology ; Spleen/immunology/radiation effects ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Lysyl oxidase and rrg messenger RNA (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kenyon, K -- Contente, S -- Trackman, P C -- Tang, J -- Kagan, H M -- Friedman, R M -- P01 HL13262/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA37351-04A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 AR18880/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 16;253(5021):802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1678898" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics
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    The roles of the subunits in the function of the calcium channel (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-27
    Description: Dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels are critical to excitation-secretion and excitation-contraction coupling. The channel molecule is a complex of the main, pore-forming subunit alpha 1 and four additional subunits: alpha 2, delta, beta, and gamma (alpha 2 and delta are encoded by a single messenger RNA). The alpha 1 subunit messenger RNA alone directs expression of functional calcium channels in Xenopus oocytes, and coexpression of the alpha 2/delta and beta subunits enhances the amplitude of the current. The alpha 2, delta, and gamma subunits also have pronounced effects on its macroscopic characteristics, such as kinetics, voltage dependence of activation and inactivation, and enhancement by a dihydropyridine agonist. In some cases, specific modulatory functions can be assigned to individual subunits, whereas in other cases the different subunits appear to act in concert to modulate the properties of the channel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Singer, D -- Biel, M -- Lotan, I -- Flockerzi, V -- Hofmann, F -- Dascal, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 27;253(5027):1553-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1716787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, ; 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ; ester/pharmacology ; Animals ; Barium/pharmacology ; *Barium Compounds ; Cadmium/pharmacology ; Cadmium Chloride ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; *Chlorides ; Heart/physiology ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Oocytes/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Xenopus
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    Transducin activation by rhodopsin without a covalent bond to the 11-cis-retinal chromophore (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-02-01
    Description: Rhodopsin and the visual pigments are a distinct group within the family of G-protein-linked receptors in that they have a covalently bound ligand, the 11-cis-retinal chromophore, whereas all of the other receptors bind their agonists through noncovalent interactions. The retinal chromophore in rhodopsin is bound by means of a protonated Schiff base linkage to the epsilon-amino group of Lys-296. Two rhodopsin mutants have been constructed, K296G and K296A, in which the covalent linkage to the chromophore is removed. Both mutants form a pigment with an absorption spectrum close to that of the wild type when reconstituted with the Schiff base of an n-alkylamine and 11-cis-retinal. In addition, the pigment formed from K296G and the n-propylamine Schiff base of 11-cis-retinal was found to activate transducin in a light-dependent manner, with 30 to 40% of the specific activity measured for the wild-type protein. It appears that the covalent bond is not essential for binding of the chromophore or for catalytic activation of transducin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhukovsky, E A -- Robinson, P R -- Oprian, D D -- 5T32 GM07596-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- EY07965/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY007965/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- S07 RR07044/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 1;251(4993):558-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1990431" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Binding Sites ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Protein Binding ; Retinaldehyde/*metabolism ; Rhodopsin/genetics/*metabolism/radiation effects ; Schiff Bases ; Spectrophotometry ; Transducin/*metabolism/radiation effects
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  • 47
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    Modulation of cardiac sodium channels by cAMP receptors on the myocyte surface (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-09-13
    Description: The phosphorylation of the cardiac sodium channel by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A leads to its inactivation. It was shown that extracellular cAMP can also modulate the sodium channel of rat, guinea pig, and frog ventricular myocytes in a rapid (less than 50 milliseconds), reversible, and dose-dependent manner. The decrease in the sodium current was accompanied by a 10- to 15-millivolt shift in the steady-state availability of the sodium channel toward more negative potentials and was inhibited by guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) or pertussis toxin, suggesting that the extracellular modulation of the sodium channel by cAMP is mediated by a membrane-delimited mechanism that includes a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sorbera, L A -- Morad, M -- HL16152/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 13;253(5025):1286-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1653970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cyclic AMP/*pharmacology ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/pharmacology ; Guanosine Diphosphate/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/drug effects/*physiology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Pertussis Toxin ; Rana pipiens ; Rats ; Receptors, Cyclic AMP/drug effects/*physiology ; Sodium Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; Thionucleotides/pharmacology ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/pharmacology
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    Cloning and expression of a cocaine-sensitive rat dopamine transporter (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: The action of dopamine and other monoamine neurotransmitters at synapses is terminated predominantly by high-affinity reuptake into presynaptic terminals by specific sodium-dependent neurotransmitter transport proteins. A complementary DNA encoding a rat dopamine transporter has been isolated that exhibits high sequence similarity with the previously cloned norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters. Transient expression of the complementary DNA in HeLa cells confirms the cocaine sensitivity of this transporter.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kilty, J E -- Lorang, D -- Amara, S G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):578-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/drug effects/*genetics/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cocaine/*pharmacology ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Gene Expression ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Kinetics ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; *Membrane Transport Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transfection
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    Visualizing the higher order folding of a catalytic RNA molecule (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-25
    Description: The higher order folding process of the catalytic RNA derived from the self-splicing intron of Tetrahymena thermophila was monitored with the use of Fe(II)-EDTA-induced free radical chemistry. The overall tertiary structure of the RNA molecule forms cooperatively with the uptake of at least three magnesium ions. Local folding transitions display different metal ion dependencies, suggesting that the RNA tertiary structure assembles through a specific folding intermediate before the catalytic core is formed. Enzymatic activity, assayed with an RNA substrate that is complementary to the catalytic RNA active site, coincides with the cooperative structural transition. The higher order RNA foldings produced by Mg(II), Ca(II), and Sr(II) are similar; however, only the Mg(II)-stabilized RNA is catalytically active. Thus, these results directly demonstrate that divalent metal ions participate in general folding of the ribozyme tertiary structure, and further indicate a more specific involvement of Mg(II) in catalysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Celander, D W -- Cech, T R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 25;251(4992):401-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1989074" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium/metabolism ; Densitometry ; Kinetics ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Magnesium Chloride/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/drug effects/metabolism ; Strontium/metabolism ; Tetrahymena
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    In vitro and in vivo consequences of VLA-2 expression on rhabdomyosarcoma cells (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-29
    Description: Cloned integrin alpha 2 subunit complementary DNA was expressed on human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells to give a functional VLA-2 (alpha 2 beta 1) adhesion receptor. The VLA-2-positive RDA2 cells not only showed increased adhesion to collagen and laminin in vitro, but also formed substantially more metastatic tumor colonies in nude mice after either intravenous or subcutaneous injection. These results show that a specific adhesion receptor (VLA-2) can markedly enhance both experimental and spontaneous metastasis. In contrast to the metastasis results, there was no difference in either the in vitro growth rate or apparent in vivo tumorigenicity of RD and RDA2 cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chan, B M -- Matsuura, N -- Takada, Y -- Zetter, B R -- Hemler, M E -- CA 37393/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 38903/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 29;251(5001):1600-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2011740" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Collagen ; Fibronectins ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Laminin ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology/secondary ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Receptors, Very Late Antigen/genetics/*physiology ; Rhabdomyosarcoma/*pathology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Interaction of the IL-2 receptor with the src-family kinase p56lck: identification of novel intermolecular association (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-14
    Description: In the interleukin-2 (IL-2) system, intracellular signal transduction is triggered by the beta chain of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R beta); however, the responsible signaling mechanism remains unidentified. Evidence for the formation of a stable complex of IL-2R beta and the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase p56lck is presented. Specific association sites were identified in the tyrosine kinase catalytic domain of p56lck and in the cytoplasmic domain of IL-2R beta. As a result of interaction, IL-2R beta became phosphorylated in vitro by p56lck. Treatment of T lymphocytes with IL-2 promotes p56lck kinase activity. These data suggest the participation of p56lck as a critical signaling molecule downstream of IL-2R via a novel interaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hatakeyama, M -- Kono, T -- Kobayashi, N -- Kawahara, A -- Levin, S D -- Perlmutter, R M -- Taniguchi, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 14;252(5012):1523-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2047859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; Killer Cells, Natural/cytology/drug effects/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) ; Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/genetics/isolation & purification/*physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Recognition of self antigens by skin-derived T cells with invariant gamma delta antigen receptors (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-06-07
    Description: Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal T cells (dECs) express invariant gamma delta antigen receptors and are found in intimate contact with keratinocytes in murine epidermis--thus raising the possibility that keratinocytes express a ligand for the antigen receptor of these T cells. Thy-1+ dECs were stimulated to produce lymphokines by interaction with keratinocytes in vitro. This stimulation was mediated through the dEC antigen receptor and did not appear to be restricted by the major histocompatibility complex. Thus, dECs can recognize self antigens and may participate in immune surveillance for cellular damage rather than for foreign antigens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Havran, W L -- Chien, Y H -- Allison, J P -- AI26942/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- CA40041/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 7;252(5011):1430-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1828619" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoantigens/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Dendrites/immunology ; Epidermis ; *Immunity, Cellular ; In Vitro Techniques ; Interleukin-2/secretion ; Keratinocytes/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*physiology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Protein kinase activity closely associated with a reconstituted calcium-activated potassium channel (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-08-02
    Description: Modulation of the activity of potassium and other ion channels is an essential feature of nervous system function. The open probability of a large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel from rat brain, incorporated into planar lipid bilayers, is increased by the addition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the cytoplasmic side of the channel. This modulation takes place without the addition of protein kinase, requires Mg2+, and is mimicked by an ATP analog that serves as a substrate for protein kinases but not by a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog. Addition of protein phosphatase 1 reverses the modulation by MgATP. Thus, there may be an endogenous protein kinase activity firmly associated with this K+ channel. Some ion channels may exist in a complex that contains regulatory protein kinases and phosphatases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chung, S K -- Reinhart, P H -- Martin, B L -- Brautigan, D -- Levitan, I B -- DK31374/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS17910/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 2;253(5019):560-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1857986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain/*physiology ; Calcium/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Lipid Bilayers ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Rats
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  • 54
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    Regulation of adhesion of ICAM-1 by the cytoplasmic domain of LFA-1 integrin beta subunit (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-03-29
    Description: Interactions between cytotoxic lymphocytes and their targets require the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the integrin lymphocyte function-associated molecule-1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18). LFA-1 is not constitutively avid for its counter-receptors, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs)-1 and -2. Cross-linking of the TCR transiently converts LFA-1 to a high avidity state and thus provides a mechanism for regulating cellular adhesion and de-adhesion in an antigen-specific manner. Truncation of the cytoplasmic domain of the beta, but not the alpha, subunit of LFA-1 eliminated binding to ICAM-1 and sensitivity to phorbol esters. Thus, LFA-1 binding to ICAM-1 was found to be regulated by the cytoplasmic domain of the beta subunit of LFA-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hibbs, M L -- Xu, H -- Stacker, S A -- Springer, T A -- CA31798/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 29;251(5001):1611-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Blood Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1672776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Flow Cytometry ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/genetics/*physiology ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*physiology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A heparin-binding growth factor secreted by macrophage-like cells that is related to EGF (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-02-22
    Description: Macrophage-like U-937 cells secrete a 22-kilodalton heparin-binding growth factor that is mitogenic for BALB-3T3 fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, but not endothelial cells. The amino acid sequence predicted from complementary DNA clones indicates that the mitogen is a new member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. This heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) binds to EGF receptors on A-431 epidermoid carcinoma cells and smooth muscle cells, but is a far more potent mitogen for smooth muscle cells than is EGF. HB-EGF is also expressed in cultured human macrophages and may be involved in macrophage-mediated cellular proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Higashiyama, S -- Abraham, J A -- Miller, J -- Fiddes, J C -- Klagsbrun, M -- CA37392/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA45548/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 22;251(4996):936-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Surgical Research, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1840698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA Replication/drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Growth Substances/*metabolism ; Heparin/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Macrophages/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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  • 56
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    Expression cDNA cloning of the KGF receptor by creation of a transforming autocrine loop (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-04
    Description: An expression cloning strategy was devised to isolate the keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) receptor complementary DNA. NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, which secrete this epithelial cell-specific mitogen, were transfected with a keratinocyte expression complementary DNA library. Among several transformed foci identified, one demonstrated the acquisition of specific high-affinity KGF binding sites. The pattern of binding competition by related fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) indicated that this receptor had high affinity for acidic FGF as well as KGF. The rescued 4.2-kilobase complementary DNA was shown to encode a predicted membrane-spanning tyrosine kinase related to but distinct from the basic FGF receptor. This expression cloning approach may be generally applicable to the isolation of genes that constitute limiting steps in mitogenic signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miki, T -- Fleming, T P -- Bottaro, D P -- Rubin, J S -- Ron, D -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jan 4;251(4989):72-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1846048" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; *Gene Expression ; Growth Substances/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmids ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/metabolism ; *Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Transfection ; Transformation, Genetic
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    Targets for dioxin: genes for plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 and interleukin-1 beta (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-10-18
    Description: Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD), a widespread environmental contaminant, may elicit its effects by altering gene expression in susceptible cells. Five TCDD-responsive complementary DNA clones were isolated from a human keratinocyte cell line. One of these clones encodes plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, a factor that influences growth and differentiation by regulating proteolysis of the extracellular matrix. Another encodes the cytokine interleukin-1 beta. Thus, TCDD alters the expression of growth regulatory genes and has effects similar to those of other tumor-promoting agents that affect both inflammation and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sutter, T R -- Guzman, K -- Dold, K M -- Greenlee, W F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 18;254(5030):415-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Blood Physiological Phenomena ; Blotting, Northern ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-1/*genetics ; *Plasminogen Inactivators ; RNA, Messenger/drug effects ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/*pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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    Requirement of heparan sulfate for bFGF-mediated fibroblast growth and myoblast differentiation (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-06-21
    Description: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans at the cell surface and to receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Prevention of binding between cell surface heparan sulfate and bFGF (i) substantially reduces binding of fibroblast growth factor to its cell-surface receptors, (ii) blocks the ability of bFGF to support the growth of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, and (iii) induces terminal differentiation of MM14 skeletal muscle cells, which is normally repressed by fibroblast growth factor. These results indicate that cell surface heparan sulfate is directly involved in bFGF cell signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rapraeger, A C -- Krufka, A -- Olwin, B B -- 5T32H007118/PHS HHS/ -- AR39467/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- HD21881/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR039467/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD021881/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Jun 21;252(5013):1705-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1646484" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Chlorates/pharmacology ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/*metabolism ; Fibroblasts/*cytology ; Heparitin Sulfate/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Muscles/*cytology ; Polysaccharide-Lyases/pharmacology ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A neuron-silicon junction: a Retzius cell of the leech on an insulated-gate field-effect transistor (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-05-31
    Description: An identified neuron of the leech, a Retzius cell, has been attached to the open gate of a p-channel field-effect transistor. Action potentials, spontaneous or stimulated, modulate directly the source-drain current in silicon. The electronic signals match the shape of the action potential. The average voltage on the gate was up to 25 percent of the intracellular voltage change. Occasionally weak signals that resemble the first derivative of the action potential were observed. The junctions can be described by a model that includes capacitive coupling of the plasma membrane and the gate oxide and that accounts for variable resistance of the seal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fromherz, P -- Offenhausser, A -- Vetter, T -- Weis, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 31;252(5010):1290-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abteilung Biophysik der Universitat Ulm, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Electric Conductivity ; Electrophysiology ; Kinetics ; Leeches/*physiology ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Neurons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; *Silicon ; Transistors, Electronic
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    Modulation of the time course of fast EPSCs and glutamate channel kinetics by aniracetam (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-11
    Description: It is generally accepted that glutamate serves as the neurotransmitter at most excitatory synapses in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Synaptic release of glutamate may trigger a fast and a slow excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC). The slow EPSC is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channels, whereas the fast EPSC is mediated by non-NMDA receptor channels. The nootropic agent aniracetam selectively and reversibly slows the desensitization kinetics of non-NMDA channels and lengthens their single-channel open times. Antiracetam also modulates the kinetics of the fast EPSC in a manner that mirrors its action on the kinetics of the non-NMDA channels. These results support the hypothesis that the properties of the non-NMDA glutamate channels rather than the rate of neurotransmitter clearance are the primary determinants of the kinetics of the fast EPSC in the mammalian CNS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tang, C M -- Shi, Q Y -- Katchman, A -- Lynch, G -- NS28158/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 11;254(5029):288-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1681589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/*drug effects ; Animals ; Glutamates/*physiology ; Glutamic Acid ; Kinetics ; Pyrrolidinones/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects ; Synapses/*drug effects
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    Generation of cAMP-activated chloride currents by expression of CFTR (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-02-08
    Description: Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cause cystic fibrosis. In order to evaluate its function, CFTR was expressed in HeLa, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), and NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells, and anion permeability was assessed with a fluorescence microscopic assay and the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) increased anion permeability and chloride currents in cells expressing CFTR, but not in cells expressing a mutant CFTR (delta F508) or in nontransfected cells. The simplest interpretation of these observations is that CFTR is itself a cAMP-activated chloride channel. The alternative interpretation, that CFTR directly or indirectly regulates chloride channels, requires that these cells have endogenous cryptic, chloride channels that are stimulated by cAMP only in the presence of CFTR.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, M P -- Rich, D P -- Gregory, R J -- Smith, A E -- Welsh, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Feb 8;251(4994):679-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1704151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Cyclic AMP/*physiology ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism/*physiology ; Mice ; Mutation ; Recombinant Proteins ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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    Pulmonary surfactant protein B (SP-B): structure-function relationships (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: SP-B is a protein in pulmonary surfactant that is, in greatest part, responsible for resistance to surface tension and prevention of collapse of pulmonary alveoli. Peptides of 21 residues, synthesized following the sequence of SP-B or resembling the hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains of SP-B (such as RLLLLRLLLLRLLLLRLLLLR, R, Arg, and L, Leu), enhanced the abilities of phospholipids to reduce surface tension both in vitro and in vivo. Intermittent positively charged residues were essential for this activity. The SP-B-like peptides were found by tryptophan fluorescence to partition within the phospholipid layer in contact with both polar head groups and acyl side chains. These data, together with findings that the SP-B-related peptides increase inter- and intramolecular order of the phospholipid layer, suggest that SP-B resists surface tension by increasing lateral stability of the phospholipid layer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cochrane, C G -- Revak, S D -- GM-37696/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL-23584/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):566-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/*chemical synthesis/chemistry ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Proteolipids/chemistry/*metabolism ; Pulmonary Surfactants/chemistry/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Surface Tension
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    Cloning of a factor required for activity of the Ah (dioxin) receptor (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-17
    Description: The aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor binds various environmental pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines, and polychlorinated aromatic compounds (dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls), and mediates the carcinogenic effects of these agents. The complementary DNA and part of the gene for an 87-kilodalton human protein that is necessary for Ah receptor function have been cloned. The protein is not the ligand-binding subunit of the receptor but is a factor that is required for the ligand-binding subunit to translocate from the cytosol to the nucleus after binding ligand. The requirement for this factor distinguishes the Ah receptor from the glucocorticoid receptor, to which the Ah receptor has been presumed to be similar. Two portions of the 87-kilodalton protein share sequence similarities with two Drosophila proteins, Per and Sim. Another segment of the protein shows conformity to the consensus sequence for the basic helix-loop-helix motif found in proteins that bind DNA as homodimers or heterodimers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, E C -- Reyes, H -- Chu, F F -- Sander, F -- Conley, L H -- Brooks, B A -- Hankinson, O -- CA 16048/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 28868/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 17;252(5008):954-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1852076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytosol/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; Receptors, Drug/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/*metabolism ; *Transcription Factors ; Transfection
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    Putting new muscle into gene therapy (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-12-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffman, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Dec 6;254(5037):1455-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1962203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Genetic Therapy/*methods ; Growth Hormone/administration & dosage ; Mice ; Muscles/*cytology/secretion ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
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    A 32-kD GTP-binding protein associated with the CD4-p56lck and CD8-p56lck T cell receptor complexes (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-18
    Description: The guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins include signal-transducing heterotrimeric G proteins (for example, Gs, Gi), smaller GTP-binding proteins that function in protein sorting, and the oncogenic protein p21ras. The T cell receptor complexes CD4-p56lck and CD8-p56lck were found to include a 32- to 33-kilodalton phosphoprotein (p32) that was recognized by an antiserum to a consensus GTP-binding region in G proteins. Immunoprecipitated CD4 and CD8 complexes bound GTP and hydrolyzed it to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The p32 protein was covalently linked to [alpha-32P]GTP by ultraviolet photoaffinity labeling. These results demonstrate an interaction between T cell receptor complexes and an intracellular GTP-binding protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Telfer, J C -- Rudd, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 18;254(5030):439-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1925604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD4/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD8/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Binding ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*metabolism
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    Ca(2+)-induced Ca2+ release in sea urchin egg homogenates: modulation by cyclic ADP-ribose (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-06
    Description: Calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) may function widely in calcium-mediated cell signaling, but has been most thoroughly characterized in muscle cells. In a homogenate of sea urchin eggs, which display transients in the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) during fertilization and anaphase, addition of Ca2+ triggered CICR. Ca2+ release was also induced by the CICR modulators ryanodine and caffeine. Responses to both Ca2+ and CICR modulators (but not Ca2+ release mediated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) were inhibited by procaine and ruthenium red, inhibitors of CICR. Intact eggs also displayed transients of [Ca2+]i when microinjected with ryanodine. Cyclic ADP-ribose, a metabolite with potent Ca(2+)-releasing properties, appears to act by way of the CICR mechanism and may thus be an endogenous modulator of CICR. A CICR mechanism is present in these nonmuscle cells as is assumed in various models of intracellular Ca2+ wave propagation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Galione, A -- Lee, H C -- Busa, W B -- HD17484/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD22879/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 6;253(5024):1143-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1909457" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose/*pharmacology ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cyclic ADP-Ribose ; Egtazic Acid/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Ovum/drug effects/*physiology ; Sea Urchins ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Time Factors
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    Genetic survey gains momentum (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-10-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Oct 25;254(5031):517.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1948023" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Anthropology ; Cell Line ; Continental Population Groups/*genetics ; DNA/blood/*genetics/isolation & purification ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans
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    Requirement of GTP hydrolysis for dissociation of the signal recognition particle from its receptor (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-05-24
    Description: The signal recognition particle (SRP) directs signal sequence specific targeting of ribosomes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Displacement of the SRP from the signal sequence of a nascent polypeptide is a guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-dependent reaction mediated by the membrane-bound SRP receptor. A nonhydrolyzable GTP analog can replace GTP in the signal sequence displacement reaction, but the SRP then fails to dissociate from the membrane. Complexes of the SRP with its receptor containing the nonhydrolyzable analog are incompetent for subsequent rounds of protein translocation. Thus, vectorial targeting of ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum is controlled by a GTP hydrolysis cycle that regulates the affinity between the SRP, signal sequences, and the SRP receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Connolly, T -- Rapiejko, P J -- Gilmore, R -- GM 35687/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 May 24;252(5009):1171-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1851576" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate/pharmacology ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Protein Binding ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Receptors, Cell Surface/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; *Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; *Receptors, Peptide ; Ribonucleoproteins/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Ribosomes/metabolism ; Signal Recognition Particle ; Transcription, Genetic ; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/genetics/metabolism
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    The N-end rule in bacteria (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-11-29
    Description: The N-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its amino-terminal residue. Distinct versions of the N-end rule operate in all eukaryotes examined. It is shown that the bacterium Escherichia coli also has the N-end rule pathway. Amino-terminal arginine, lysine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan confer 2-minute half-lives on a test protein; the other amino-terminal residues confer greater than 10-hour half-lives on the same protein. Amino-terminal arginine and lysine are secondary destabilizing residues in E. coli because their activity depends on their conjugation to the primary destabilizing residues leucine or phenylalanine by leucine, phenylalanine-transfer RNA-protein transferase. The adenosine triphosphate-dependent protease Clp (Ti) is required for the degradation of N-end rule substrates in E. coli.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tobias, J W -- Shrader, T E -- Rocap, G -- Varshavsky, A -- DK39520/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM31530/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 29;254(5036):1374-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1962196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Bacteria/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/metabolism ; Half-Life ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Rabbits ; Reticulocytes/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; beta-Galactosidase/*metabolism
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    Stimulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation by NMDA receptor activation (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-08-23
    Description: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a subtype of glutamate receptors, plays a key role in synaptic plasticity in the nervous system. After NMDA receptor activation, calcium entry into the postsynaptic neuron is a critical initial event. However, the subsequent mechanisms by which the NMDA receptor signal is processed are incompletely understood. Stimulation of cultured rat hippocampal cells with glutamate resulted in the rapid and transient tyrosine phosphorylation of a 39-kilodalton protein (p39). Tyrosine phosphorylation of p39 was triggered by the NMDA receptor and required an influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular medium. Because p39 was found to be highly related or identical to the microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase, the NMDA receptor signal may be processed by a sequential activation of protein kinases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bading, H -- Greenberg, M E -- CA 43855/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- NS 28829/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Aug 23;253(5022):912-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1715095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Cells, Cultured ; Glutamates/pharmacology ; Glutamic Acid ; Hippocampus/drug effects/metabolism ; Immunoblotting ; Kinetics ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotyrosine ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Tyrosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
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    Oligoclonal expansion and CD1 recognition by human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-20
    Description: A human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) T cell line was established from jejunum to characterize the structure and function of the alpha beta T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) expressed by this population. Single-sided polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification cloning and quantitative PCR amplification of the TCR chains from the cell line and from fresh IELs demonstrated that IELs were oligoclonal. The IEL T cell line exhibited CD1-specific cytotoxicity and a dominant IEL T cell clone was CD1c-specific. Thus, human jejunal intraepithelial lymphocytes are oligoclonal and recognize members of the CD1 gene family.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balk, S P -- Ebert, E C -- Blumenthal, R L -- McDermott, F V -- Wucherpfennig, K W -- Landau, S B -- Blumberg, R S -- 5 KO8 DK01886/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- CA-01310/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK42166/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1411-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hematology-Oncology Division, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1716785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, CD/*genetics/immunology ; Antigens, CD1 ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; Epithelium/physiology ; Humans ; Jejunum/immunology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Dynamic tracking of cardiac vulnerability by complex demodulation of the T wave (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-04-19
    Description: A link is found between T wave alternans and vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation, and a new approach is provided for quantification of susceptibility to malignant arrhythmias. Complex demodulation reveals that alternation of the electrocardiogram is concentrated during the first half of the T wave, coinciding with the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle. During myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, there are marked increases in the degree of T wave alternans that parallel the established time course of changes in vulnerability. The influence of the sympathetic nervous system in arrhythmogenesis is also accurately detected. Ultimately, complex demodulation of the electrocardiogram could provide a technique for identification and management of individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nearing, B D -- Huang, A H -- Verrier, R L -- HL-33567/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Apr 19;252(5004):437-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2017682" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Constriction ; Coronary Vessels ; Dogs ; Electric Stimulation ; *Electrocardiography ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Heart Conduction System/*physiopathology ; Kinetics ; Male ; Mathematics ; Reperfusion ; Ventricular Fibrillation/*physiopathology
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    Regulation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 by profilin and tyrosine phosphorylation (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-03-08
    Description: Epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor can stimulate the production of the second messenger inositol trisphosphate in responsive cells, but the biochemical pathway for these signaling events has been uncertain because the reactions have not been reconstituted with purified molecules in vitro. A reconstitution is described that requires not only the growth factor, its receptor with tyrosine kinase activity, and the soluble phospholipase C-gamma 1, but also the small soluble actin-binding protein profilin. Profilin binds to the substrate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and inhibits its hydrolysis by unphosphorylated phospholipase C-gamma 1. Phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 by the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase overcomes the inhibitory effect of profilin and results in an effective activation of phospholipase C-gamma 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldschmidt-Clermont, P J -- Kim, J W -- Machesky, L M -- Rhee, S G -- Pollard, T D -- GM-26338/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Mar 8;251(4998):1231-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1848725" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Contractile Proteins/metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/metabolism ; Isoenzymes/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Microfilament Proteins/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Profilins ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Type C Phospholipases/*metabolism ; Tyrosine
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    Cloning of complementary DNA encoding a functional human interleukin-8 receptor (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1991-09-13
    Description: Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an inflammatory cytokine that activates neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation, and the respiratory burst. Neutrophils express receptors for IL-8 that are coupled to guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins); binding of IL-8 to its receptor induces the mobilization of intracellular calcium stores. A cDNA clone from HL-60 neutrophils, designated p2, has now been isolated that encodes a human IL-8 receptor. When p2 is expressed in oocytes from Xenopus laevis, the oocytes bind 125I-labeled IL-8 specifically and respond to IL-8 by mobilizing calcium stores with an EC50 of 20 nM. This IL-8 receptor has 77% amino acid identity with a second human neutrophil receptor isotype that binds IL-8 with higher affinity. It also exhibits 69% amino acid identity with a protein reported to be an N-formyl peptide receptor from rabbit neutrophils, but less than 30% identity with all other known G protein-coupled receptors, including the human N-formyl peptide receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murphy, P M -- Tiffany, H L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 13;253(5025):1280-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1891716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Interleukin-8/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Oocytes/drug effects/physiology ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Immunologic/drug effects/*genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Interleukin-8A ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus
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    Diverse migratory pathways in the developing cerebral cortex (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-10-09
    Description: During early development of the mammalian cerebral cortex, young neurons migrate outward from the site of their final mitosis in the ventricular zone into the cortical plate, where they form the adult cortex. Time-lapse confocal microscopy was used to observe directly the dynamic behaviors of migrating cells in living slices of developing cortex. The majority of cells migrated along a radial pathway, consistent with the view that cortical neurons migrate along radial glial fibers. A fraction of cells, however, turned within the intermediate zone and migrated orthogonal to the radial fibers. This orthogonal migration may contribute to the tangential dispersion of clonally related cortical neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Rourke, N A -- Dailey, M E -- Smith, S J -- McConnell, S K -- EY06314/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- NS09027/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS28587/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 9;258(5080):299-302.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411527" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carbocyanines ; Cell Movement ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*growth & development ; Culture Techniques ; Ferrets ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kinetics ; Lasers ; Microscopy ; Neurons/*physiology ; Vimentin/immunology
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    Cooperativity induced by a single mutation at the subunit interface of a dimeric enzyme: glutathione reductase (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-11-13
    Description: When glycine418 of Escherichia coli glutathione reductase, which is in a closely packed region of the dimer interface, is replaced with a bulky tryptophan residue, the enzyme becomes highly cooperative (Hill coefficient 1.76) for glutathione binding. The cooperativity is lost when the mutant subunit is hybridized with a wild-type subunit to create a heterodimer. The mutation appears to disrupt atomic packing at the dimer interface, which induces a change of kinetic mechanism. A single mutation in a region of the protein remote from the active site can thus act as a molecular switch to confer cooperativity on an enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Scrutton, N S -- Deonarain, M P -- Berry, A -- Perham, R N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 13;258(5085):1140-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Escherichia coli/*enzymology/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Glutathione Reductase/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Glycine/chemistry ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; *Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; NADP/metabolism ; Plasmids ; Protein Multimerization ; Tryptophan/chemistry
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    Diacylglycerol-stimulated formation of actin nucleation sites at plasma membranes (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-04-10
    Description: Diacylglycerols, which are generated during phospholipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipids, stimulated actin polymerization in the presence of highly purified plasma membranes from the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. The increased rate of actin polymerization apparently resulted from de novo formation of actin nucleation sites rather than uncapping of existing filament ends, because the membranes lacked detectable endogenous actin. The increased actin nucleation was mediated by a peripheral membrane component other than protein kinase C, the classical target of diacylglycerol action. These results indicate that diacylglycerols increase actin nucleation at plasma membranes and suggest a mechanism whereby signal transduction pathways may control cytoskeletal assembly.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shariff, A -- Luna, E J -- GM-33048/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM033048/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 10;256(5054):245-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cell Biology Group, Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Shresbury, MA 01545.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1373523" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; Alkaloids/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/*metabolism ; Dictyostelium/*metabolism ; Diglycerides/*pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; *Naphthalenes ; Polycyclic Compounds/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors ; Staurosporine ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Time Factors
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    DNA hydrolyzing autoantibodies (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-05-01
    Description: A DNA-nicking activity was detected in the sera of patients with various autoimmune pathologies and was shown to be a property of autoantibodies. The DNA hydrolyzing activity, which was purified by affinity and high-performance liquid chromatography, corresponded in size to immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG and had a positive response to antibodies to human IgG. The DNA hydrolyzing autoantibodies were stable to acid shock and yielded a DNA degradation pattern that was different from that of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I and blood DNase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shuster, A M -- Gololobov, G V -- Kvashuk, O A -- Bogomolova, A E -- Smirnov, I V -- Gabibov, A G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 1;256(5057):665-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉V.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of Russia, Moscow.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1585181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates/pharmacology ; Acetic Acid ; Autoantibodies/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Autoimmune Diseases/*metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Polymerase I/metabolism ; Deoxyribonuclease I/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin M/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology ; Plasmids
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  • 79
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    Enhanced degradation of the ferritin repressor protein during induction of ferritin messenger RNA translation (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-01
    Description: Induction of ferritin synthesis in cultured cells by heme or iron is accompanied by degradation of the ferritin repressor protein (FRP). Intermediates in the degradative pathway apparently include FRP covalently linked in larger aggregates. The effect of iron on FRP degradation is enhanced by porphyrin precursors but is decreased by inhibitors of porphyrin synthesis, which implies that heme is an active agent. These results suggest that translational induction in this system may be caused by enhanced repressor degradation. While unique among translational regulatory systems, this process is common to a variety of other biosynthetic control mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goessling, L S -- Daniels-McQueen, S -- Bhattacharyya-Pakrasi, M -- Lin, J J -- Thach, R E -- AI 20484/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 1;256(5057):670-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1316633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase/genetics ; Aminolevulinic Acid/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Ferritins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Iron/pharmacology ; Iron Regulatory Protein 1 ; Iron-Regulatory Proteins ; Mice ; Papillomaviridae ; Porphobilinogen/pharmacology ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Rabbits
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  • 80
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    Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase by v-Raf in NIH 3T3 cells and in vitro (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-09-04
    Description: Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are 42- and 44-kD serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated by tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation in cells stimulated with mitogens and growth factors. MAP kinase and the protein kinase that activates it (MAP kinase kinase) were constitutively activated in NIH 3T3 cells infected with viruses containing either of two oncogenic forms (p35EC12, p3722W) of the c-Raf-1 protein kinase. The v-Raf proteins purified from cells infected with EC12 or 22W viruses activated MAP kinase kinase from skeletal muscle in vitro. Furthermore, a bacterially expressed v-Raf fusion protein (glutathione S-transferase-p3722W) also activated MAP kinase kinase in vitro. These findings suggest that one function of c-Raf-1 in mitogenic signaling is to phosphorylate and activate MAP kinase kinase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dent, P -- Haser, W -- Haystead, T A -- Vincent, L A -- Roberts, T M -- Sturgill, T W -- CA50661/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK41077/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HD24926/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Sep 4;257(5075):1404-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1326789" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; Muscles/enzymology ; Oncogene Proteins v-raf ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/genetics/*pharmacology
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  • 81
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    Cloning and expression in yeast of a plant potassium ion transport system (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-05-01
    Description: A membrane polypeptide involved in K+ transport in a higher plant was cloned by complementation of a yeast mutant defective in K+ uptake with a complementary DNA library from Arabidopsis thaliana. A 2.65-kilobase complementary DNA conferred ability to grow on media with K+ concentration in the micromolar range and to absorb K+ (or 86Rb+) at rates similar to those in wild-type yeast. The predicted amino acid sequence (838 amino acids) has three domains: a channel-forming region homologous to animal K+ channels, a cyclic nucleotide-binding site, and an ankyrin-like region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sentenac, H -- Bonneaud, N -- Minet, M -- Lacroute, F -- Salmon, J M -- Gaymard, F -- Grignon, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 1;256(5057):663-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biochimie et Physiologie Vegetales, ENSA-M/INRA/CNRS URA 573, Montpellier, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1585180" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Biological Transport ; Blotting, Southern ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI ; Gene Expression ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; Plants/*genetics ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/chemistry/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    Pseudo--half-knot formation with RNA (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-08-14
    Description: A pseudo--half-knot can be formed by binding an oligonucleotide asymmetrically to an RNA hairpin loop. This binding motif was used to target the human immunodeficiency virus TAR element, an important viral RNA structure that is the receptor for Tat, the major viral transactivator protein. Oligonucleotides complementary to different halves of the TAR structure bound with greater affinity than molecules designed to bind symmetrically around the hairpin. The pseudo--half-knot--forming oligonucleotides altered the TAR structure so that specific recognition and binding of a Tat-derived peptide was disrupted. This general binding motif may be used to disrupt the structure of regulatory RNA hairpins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ecker, D J -- Vickers, T A -- Bruice, T W -- Freier, S M -- Jenison, R D -- Manoharan, M -- Zounes, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Aug 14;257(5072):958-61.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉ISIS Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92008.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1502560" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA, Viral/metabolism ; Gene Products, tat/metabolism ; HIV/*genetics ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligoribonucleotides/*chemistry ; RNA, Viral/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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  • 83
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    G protein activation of a hormone-stimulated phosphatase in human tumor cells (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-05-22
    Description: The growth-inhibiting peptide hormone somatostatin stimulates phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity in the human pancreatic cell line MIA PaCa-2. This hormonal activation was mediated by a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanosine 5'-triphosphate-binding protein (G protein) in the membranes of these cells. Activation of this G protein by somatostatin stimulated the dephosphorylation of exogenous epidermal growth factor receptor prepared from A-431 cells in vitro. This pathway may mediate the antineoplastic action of somatostatin in these cells and in human tumors and could represent a general mechanism of G protein coupling that is utilized by normal cells in the hormonal control of cell growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pan, M G -- Florio, T -- Stork, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1215-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1350382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/pharmacology ; Guanosine Diphosphate/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Peptides/metabolism ; Pertussis Toxin ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*metabolism ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism ; Somatostatin/*pharmacology ; Thionucleotides/pharmacology ; Virulence Factors, Bordetella/pharmacology
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    Dimerization of a specific DNA-binding protein on the DNA (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-01-10
    Description: Many specific DNA-binding proteins bind to sites with dyad symmetry, and the bound form of the protein is a dimer. For some proteins, dimers form in solution and bind to DNA. LexA repressor of Escherichia coli has been used to test an alternative binding model in which two monomers bind sequentially. This model predicts that a repressor monomer should bind with high specificity to an isolated operator half-site. Monomer binding to a half-site was observed. A second monomer bound to an intact operator far more tightly than the first monomer; this cooperativity arose from protein-protein contacts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, B -- Little, J W -- GM24178/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 10;255(5041):203-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1553548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; DNA, Bacterial/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleases ; Escherichia coli/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Models, Structural ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/metabolism ; Operon ; Rec A Recombinases/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; *Serine Endopeptidases
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    Dual-target inhibition of HIV-1 in vitro by means of an adeno-associated virus antisense vector (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-12-07
    Description: An adeno-associated virus vector encoding an antisense RNA was used to transduce stable intracellular resistance to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in human hemopoietic and non-hemopoietic cell lines. The antisense targets are present in all HIV-1 transcripts and include the TAR sequence, which is critical for transcription and virus replication, and the polyadenylation signal. Cell lines expressing antisense RNA showed up to 95 percent inhibition of gene expression directed by the HIV-1 long terminal repeat and greater than 99 percent reduction in infectious HIV-1 production, with no detectable cellular toxicity. Because of their efficient transcription and inability to recombine with HIV-1, adeno-associated virus vectors represent a promising form of anti-retroviral gene therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chatterjee, S -- Johnson, P R -- Wong, K K Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Nov 27;258(5087):1485-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1359646" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Cell Line ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; Dependovirus/*genetics ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Gene Products, tat/genetics ; Genetic Vectors/*genetics ; HIV Long Terminal Repeat/genetics ; HIV-1/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neomycin/pharmacology ; RNA, Antisense/*genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Transfection ; Virus Replication/genetics ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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  • 86
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    Converting trypsin to chymotrypsin: the role of surface loops (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-03-06
    Description: Trypsin (Tr) and chymotrypsin (Ch) have similar tertiary structures, yet Tr cleaves peptides at arginine and lysine residues and Ch prefers large hydrophobic residues. Although replacement of the S1 binding site of Tr with the analogous residues of Ch is sufficient to transfer Ch specificity for ester hydrolysis, specificity for amide hydrolysis is not transferred. Trypsin is converted to a Ch-like protease when the binding pocket alterations are further modified by exchange of the Ch surface loops 185 through 188 and 221 through 225 for the analogous Tr loops. These loops are not structural components of either the S1 binding site or the extended substrate binding sites. This mutant enzyme is equivalent to Ch in its catalytic rate, but its substrate binding is impaired. Like Ch, this mutant utilizes extended substrate binding to accelerate catalysis, and substrate discrimination occurs during the acylation step rather than in substrate binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedstrom, L -- Szilagyi, L -- Rutter, W J -- DK21344/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Mar 6;255(5049):1249-53.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Hormone Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0534.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1546324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chymotrypsin/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Protein Conformation ; Substrate Specificity ; Trypsin/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism
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  • 87
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    Removal of nonhomologous DNA ends in double-strand break recombination: the role of the yeast ultraviolet repair gene RAD1 (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-10-16
    Description: Double-strand breaks (DSBs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be repaired by gene conversions or by deletions resulting from single-strand annealing between direct repeats of homologous sequences. Although rad1 mutants are resistant to x-rays and can complete DSB-mediated mating-type switching, they could not complete recombination when the ends of the break contained approximately 60 base pairs of nonhomology. Recombination was restored when the ends of the break were made homologous to donor sequences. Additionally, the absence of RAD1 led to the frequent appearance of a previously unobserved type of recombination product. These data suggest RAD1 is required to remove nonhomologous DNA from the 3' ends of recombining DNA, a process analogous to the excision of photodimers during repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fishman-Lobell, J -- Haber, J E -- GM01722/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM20056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 16;258(5081):480-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *DNA Repair ; DNA, Fungal/genetics ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/*metabolism ; Gene Conversion ; Kinetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Sequence Deletion ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 88
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    Molecular cloning of the interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1992-04-03
    Description: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) mediates a wide range of immune and inflammatory responses. The active cytokine is generated by proteolytic cleavage of an inactive precursor. A complementary DNA encoding a protease that carries out this cleavage has been cloned. Recombinant expression in COS-7 cells enabled the cells to process precursor IL-1 beta to the mature form. Sequence analysis indicated that the enzyme itself may undergo proteolytic processing. The gene encoding the protease was mapped to chromosomal band 11q23, a site frequently involved in rearrangement in human cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cerretti, D P -- Kozlosky, C J -- Mosley, B -- Nelson, N -- Van Ness, K -- Greenstreet, T A -- March, C J -- Kronheim, S R -- Druck, T -- Cannizzaro, L A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Apr 3;256(5053):97-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Immunex Corporation, Seattle, WA 98101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1373520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Caspase 1 ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Banding ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme Precursors/biosynthesis/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Metalloendopeptidases/biosynthesis/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neutrophils/enzymology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Poly A/genetics/isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; RNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/isolation & purification ; Transfection
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    Correction of CD18-deficient lymphocytes by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-15
    Description: Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is an inherited disorder of leukocyte function caused by derangements in CD18 expression. The genetic and functional abnormalities in a lymphocyte cell line from a patient with LAD have been corrected by retrovirus-mediated transduction of a functional CD18 gene. Lymphocytes from patients with LAD were exposed to CD18-expressing retrovirus and enriched for cells that express CD11a and CD18 (LFA-1) on the cell surface. Molecular and functional analyses of these cells revealed (i) one copy of proviral sequence per cell, (ii) viral-directed CD18 RNA that exceeded normal endogenous levels, (iii) normal quantities of CD11a and CD18 protein on the cell surface, and (iv) reconstitution of LFA-1-dependent adhesive function.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, J M -- Ping, A J -- Krauss, J C -- Mayo-Bond, L -- Rogers, C E -- Anderson, D C -- Todd, R F -- R01 AI19031/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI23521/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA39064/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1413-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1972597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD18 ; Antigens, Differentiation/genetics/immunology ; Cell Aggregation ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; *Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Receptors, Leukocyte-Adhesion/genetics/immunology ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; *Transfection
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  • 90
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    Zinc mediation of the binding of human growth hormone to the human prolactin receptor (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: Human growth hormone (hGH) elicits a diverse set of biological activities including lactation that derives from binding to the prolactin (PRL) receptor. The binding affinity of hGH for the extracellular binding domain of the hPRL receptor (hPRLbp) was increased about 8000-fold by addition of 50 micromolar ZnCl2. Zinc was not required for binding of hGH to the hGH binding protein (hGHbp) or for binding of hPRL to the hPRLbp. Other divalent metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) at physiological concentrations did not support such strong binding. Scatchard analysis indicated a stoichiometry of one Zn2+ per hGH.hPRLbp complex. Mutational analysis showed that a cluster of three residues (His18, His21, and Glu174) in hGH and His188 from the hPRLbp (conserved in all PRL receptors but not GH receptors) are probable Zn2+ ligands. This polypeptide hormone.receptor "zinc sandwich" provides a molecular mechanism to explain why nonprimate GHs are not lactogenic and offers a molecular link between zinc deficiency and its association with altered functions of hGH.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cunningham, B C -- Bass, S -- Fuh, G -- Wells, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1709-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Protein Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2270485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Chlorides/*pharmacology ; Growth Hormone/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Plasmids ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Prolactin/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism ; Restriction Mapping ; Zinc/metabolism/*pharmacology ; *Zinc Compounds
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  • 91
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    The enzymic nature of antibody catalysis: development of multistep kinetic processing (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-11-23
    Description: Detailed kinetic investigations of a catalytic antibody that promotes the hydrolyses of an anilide and phenyl ester show that this catalyst uses a multistep kinetic sequence resembling that found in serine proteases to hydrolyze its substrates, although antibody was elicited to a single transition-state analog. Like the serine proteases the antibody catalyzes the hydrolysis reactions through a putative covalent intermediate, but unlike the enzymes it may use hydroxide ion to cleave the intermediates. Nevertheless, the antibody is a potent catalyst with turnover at higher pH values rivaling that of chymotrypsin. This analysis also reveals that turnover by the antibody is ultimately limited by product desorption, suggesting that improvements in catalytic efficiency may be achieved by judicious changes in the structure of the substrate, so that it is not superimposable on that of the eliciting hapten.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benkovic, S J -- Adams, J A -- Borders, C L Jr -- Janda, K D -- Lerner, R A -- GM4385801/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Nov 23;250(4984):1135-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pennsylvania State University, Department of Chemistry, University Park 16802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2251500" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Aniline Compounds/metabolism ; Antibodies/*metabolism ; Catalysis ; Enzymes/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics ; Nitrophenols/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Thermodynamics
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  • 92
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    Induction of chronic myelogenous leukemia in mice by the P210bcr/abl gene of the Philadelphia chromosome (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-02-16
    Description: In tumor cells from virtually all patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, the Philadelphia chromosome, a fusion of chromosomes 9 and 22, directs the synthesis of the P210bcr/abl protein. The protein-tyrosine kinase activity and hybrid structure of P210bcr/abl are similar to the oncogene product of the Abelson murine leukemia virus, P160gag/v-abl, which induces acute lymphomas. To determine whether P210bcr/abl can induce chronic myelogenous leukemia, murine bone marrow was infected with a retrovirus encoding P210bcr/abl and transplanted into irradiated syngeneic recipients. Transplant recipients developed several hematologic malignancies; prominent among them was a myeloproliferative syndrome closely resembling the chronic phase of human chronic myelogenous leukemia. Tumor tissue from diseased mice harbored the provirus encoding P210bcr/abl. These results demonstrate that P210bcr/abl expression can induce chronic myelogenous leukemia. Retrovirus-mediated expression of the protein provides a murine model system for further analysis of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Daley, G Q -- Van Etten, R A -- Baltimore, D -- 2T 32 GM07753-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- CA38497/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Feb 16;247(4944):824-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2406902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone Marrow/microbiology/pathology ; Cell Line ; DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification ; DNA, Viral/isolation & purification ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/*genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Experimental/genetics/pathology ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/*genetics/pathology ; Mice ; Myeloproliferative Disorders/microbiology/pathology ; *Philadelphia Chromosome ; Retroviridae/genetics ; Spleen/microbiology ; Transduction, Genetic
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  • 93
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    A class I antigen, HLA-G, expressed in human trophoblasts (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-13
    Description: The alpha chain of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-G was identified as an array of five 37- to 39-kilodalton isoforms by the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both cell-associated and secreted HLA-G antigens are prominent in first trimester villous cytotrophoblasts and are greatly reduced in third trimester cytotrophoblasts. Allelic variation was not detected, an indication that HLA-G is not obviously polymorphic in cytotrophoblasts. Among the following choriocarcinoma cell lines studied, HLA-G is expressed in JEG but not in Jar or BeWo. Expression of endogenous HLA-G genes has not been found in normal lymphoid cells. Thus, HLA-G is subject to both cell type-specific and developmental regulation and is expressed in early gestation human cytotrophoblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kovats, S -- Main, E K -- Librach, C -- Stubblebine, M -- Fisher, S J -- DeMars, R -- AI-15586/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- HD-24495/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P0I HD-24180/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 13;248(4952):220-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Choriocarcinoma/immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; HLA Antigens/*genetics ; HLA-G Antigens ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*genetics ; Humans ; Macromolecular Substances ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Trophoblasts/*immunology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology ; Uterine Neoplasms/immunology
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  • 94
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    Viral etiology of AIDS and the Gallo probe (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-08-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):465-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2382124" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Cell Line ; Culture Techniques/methods ; HIV-1/classification/*pathogenicity ; Humans ; T-Lymphocytes
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  • 95
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    Targeting the E1 replication protein to the papillomavirus origin of replication by complex formation with the E2 transactivator (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-12-21
    Description: The mechanism by which transcription factors stimulate DNA replication in eukaryotes is unknown. Bovine papillomavirus DNA synthesis requires the products of the viral E1 gene and the transcriptional activator protein encoded by the E2 gene. Experimental data showed that the 68-kilodalton (kD) E1 protein formed a complex with the 48-kD E2 transcription factor. This complex bound specifically to the viral origin of replication, which contains multiple binding sites for E2. Repressor proteins encoded by the E2 open reading frame failed to complex with E1 suggesting that the 162-amino acid region of E2 that participates in transactivation contained critical determinants for interaction with E1. The physical association between a replication protein and a transcription factor suggests that transcriptional activator proteins may function in targeting replication initiator proteins to their respective origins of replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mohr, I J -- Clark, R -- Sun, S -- Androphy, E J -- MacPherson, P -- Botchan, M R -- CA-30490/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-42414/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1694-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkely 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2176744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Bovine papillomavirus 1/*genetics ; Cell Line ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Genes, Viral ; Open Reading Frames ; Protein Binding ; Repressor Proteins/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Viral Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 96
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    Cell cycle dependence of chloride permeability in normal and cystic fibrosis lymphocytes (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-06-15
    Description: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease characterized by abnormal regulation of epithelial cell chloride channels. Nonepithelial cells, including lymphocytes and fibroblasts, may exhibit a similar defect. Two independent techniques were used to assess the macroscopic chloride permeability (PCl) of freshly isolated B lymphocytes and of B and T lymphocyte cell lines. Values for PCl increased specifically during the G1 phase of the cell cycle and could be further enhanced by increasing intracellular adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) or calcium. In lymphocytes from CF patients, regulation of PCl during the cell cycle and by second messengers was absent. Characterization of the cell cycle-dependent expression of the chloride permeability defect in lymphocytes from CF patients increases the utility of these cells in the analysis of the functional consequences of mutations in the CF gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bubien, J K -- Kirk, K L -- Rado, T A -- Frizzell, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1416-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2162561" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: B-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Calcium/physiology ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; *Cell Membrane Permeability ; Chlorides/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology/physiology ; Cystic Fibrosis/*blood ; Electric Conductivity ; Humans ; Interphase ; Ionomycin/pharmacology ; Lymphocytes/drug effects/*physiology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Second Messenger Systems ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Thionucleotides/pharmacology
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  • 97
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    Induction of Salmonella stress proteins upon infection of macrophages (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-11
    Description: Regulated expression of bacterial genes allows a pathogen to adapt to new environmental conditions within the host. The synthesis of over 30 Salmonella proteins is selectively induced during infection of macrophages. Two proteins induced by Salmonella are the heat shock proteins GroEL and DnaK. Two avirulent, macrophage-sensitive mutants of Salmonella synthesize GroEL and DnaK but fail to synthesize different subsets of proteins normally induced within the macrophage. Enhanced expression of selected Salmonella proteins contributes to bacterial survival within macrophages and may also contribute to the apparent immunodominance of heat shock proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buchmeier, N A -- Heffron, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 11;248(4956):730-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1970672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/isolation & purification ; Cell Line ; Chaperonin 60 ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; *HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*biosynthesis/genetics/isolation & purification ; Kinetics ; Macrophages/*microbiology ; Molecular Weight ; Salmonella/*physiology
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  • 98
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    Phosphate-methylated DNA aimed at HIV-1 RNA loops and integrated DNA inhibits viral infectivity (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-04-13
    Description: Phosphate-methylated DNA hybridizes strongly and specifically to natural DNA and RNA. Hybridization to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA leads to site-selective blocking of replication and transcription. Phosphate-methylated DNA was used to interrupt the life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Both antisense and sense phosphate-methylated DNA 20-nucleotide oligomers, targeted at the transactivator responsive region and the primer binding site, caused complete inhibition of viral infectivity at a low concentration. Hybridization of phosphate-methylated DNA with folded and unfolded RNA was studied by ultraviolet and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The combined results of hybridization studies and biological experiments suggest that the design of effective antisense phosphate-methylated DNA should focus on hairpin loop structures in the viral RNA. For sense systems, the 5' end of the integrated viral genome is considered to be the important target site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buck, H M -- Koole, L H -- van Genderen, M H -- Smit, L -- Geelen, J L -- Jurriaans, S -- Goudsmit, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Apr 13;248(4952):208-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2326635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anticodon/genetics ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Codon/genetics ; *DNA Probes/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis ; HIV-1/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Indicators and Reagents ; Methylation ; Models, Structural ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Organophosphorus Compounds/metabolism ; RNA, Viral/*genetics ; Thermodynamics ; Virulence/genetics
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  • 99
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    Prenylated proteins: the structure of the isoprenoid group (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-01-19
    Description: The mevalonate-derived portion of a prenylated protein from Chinese hamster ovary cells has been established as diterpenoid (C20). This group is linked to a carboxyl-terminal cysteine as a thioether. It was removed from the protein by hydrazinolysis followed by Raney nickel desulfurization, and the resulting hydrocarbon fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rilling, H C -- Breunger, E -- Epstein, W W -- Crain, P F -- GM 29812/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):318-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2296720" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Diterpenes/*metabolism ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Mevalonic Acid/metabolism ; Molecular Structure ; Ovary ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Proteins/*metabolism
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  • 100
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    Cell-adhesive motif in region II of malarial circumsporozoite protein (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-28
    Description: The segment of the malarial circumsporozoite (CS) protein designated Region II is highly conserved among different malarial species. A similar sequence is also present in several other proteins, including thrombospondin, properdin, and a blood-stage antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. By means of peptides synthesized from sequences of the Plasmodium vivax CS protein in the vicinity of Region II, it was found that two overlapping 18- to 20-amino acid peptides promoted the adhesion of a variety of human hematopoietic cell lines. The amino acid sequence valine-threonine-cysteineglycine (VTCG), contained within this common motif, was shown to be the critical sequence for the observed cell-adhesive properties.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rich, K A -- George, F W 4th -- Law, J L -- Martin, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1574-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2120774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Protozoan/*genetics ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; Fluoresceins ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemical synthesis ; Plasmodium falciparum/*genetics ; Plasmodium vivax/*genetics ; Protozoan Proteins/*genetics ; Thiocyanates
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