ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (485,892)
  • Springer  (485,892)
  • 1995-1999  (339,065)
  • 1965-1969  (146,827)
Collection
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
Journal
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution a l'étude morphologique et biologique d'Aphomia sociella L. (Lepidoptera, Heteroneura, Pyralidoidea, Pyralididæ), parasite des nids de bourdons (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Bombus Latr.) (1967)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 14 (1967), S. 57-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In this work, the author gives a morphological description ofAphomia sociella at different stages of its life cycle, that permits the identification of these moths among the sub-family ofGalleriinæ. The depredatory behaviour of wax-moth caterpillars inside the Bumble-Bees' nest has been studied. The larvae ofAphomia sociella are dangerous for Bumble-Bees' nests, not only because they ruin the combs and feed on wax, but also because they inhibit the growth of the offspring. The wax-moth larvae build up a network of tunnels of sticky secreted threads, under cover of which the voracious larvae seek their food. The female of bumble-bee wax-moth lays her eggs in masses, so the newly hatched caterpillars begin their lives in close contact with one another. The tendency that impels the female to lay in masses instead of singly is the first requirement of gregarious behaviour. This gregarious behaviour in caterpillars lasts until later larval stages.
    Notes: Conclusions et résumé Dans ce travail, nous avons donné une description morphologique d'Aphomia sociella aux différents stades de son cycle biologique, permettant ainsi l'identification de ces Insectes au sein de la sous-famille desGalleriinæ. Nous avons également abordé une étude du comportement d'Aphomia sociella, en particulier le comportement prédateur des chenilles à l'intérieur du nid de Bourdons. Les chenilles d'Aphomia sociella sont dangereuses pour les nids de Bourdons, non seulement par le fait qu'elles détruisent les cellules cireuses et se nourrissent des substances accumulées, mais aussi parce qu'elles inhibent l'évolution des larves de Bourdons en creusant leurs galeries autour du nid, et en tissant une toile qui retient les larves et les nymphes prisonnières. La femelle d'Aphomia sociella dépose ses œufs en amas, de sorte que les jeunes chenilles nouvellement écloses se trouvent très tôt en contact les unes avec les autres. La tendance qui incite la femelle à déposer ses œufs en groupe, et non isolément, constitute, selonO'Byrne (1937), la condition première du comportement grégaire. Après l'éclosion des œufs, la durée du comportement grégaire dépend du degré d'attraction mutuelle manifesté par les chenilles. L'adaptation de la structure du nid au milieu, en particulier au support, et la possibilité de reformer un groupement lorsque les circonstances l'exigent, suggèrent la faculté des larves d'Aphomia sociella à répondre à la réaction déclenchée par la perception des fils soyeux sécrétés par les autres chenilles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222754
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Le pH intestinal d'un Termite supérieur (Microcerotermes edentatus, Was., amitermitinæ) (1967)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 14 (1967), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The intestinal pH ofMicrocerotermes edentatus (Amitermitinæ) is very alkaline (〉9,6) up to the first pouch of the hindgut. It then decreases to become almost neutral in the second pouch and slightly acid in the rectum. Among the lower Termites, on the contrary, it is acid in the anterior and middle regions of the digestive tract. These observations may not only be correlated with differences in diet but also with variations in the functions of the malpighian tubules.
    Notes: Résumé Le pH intestinal deMicrocerotermes edentatus (Amitermitinæ) est très alcalin (〉9,6) jusqu'à la première poche de l'intestin postérieur, puis il décroît; dans la seconde poche, il est voisin de la neutralité et devient légèrement acide dans le rectum. Chez les Termites inférieurs, il est au contraire acide dans les régions antérieures et moyennes du tractus. Ces phénomènes peuvent être mis en relation avec des différences de régime alimentaire, mais aussi avec le fonctionnement variable des tubes de Malpighi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223265
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Note du comité de rédaction (1967)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 14 (1967), S. 191-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223268
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sur les pistes et les męurs deLasius fuliginosus Latreille (Hymenoptera formicidæ) (1967)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 14 (1967), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Studium einesLasius fuliginosus Nestes während drei jahren hat folgendes gezeigt: 1° Das Ausschwärnem fand in Juni-Juli in Acosse statt im Mai in Düren (Deutschland), Gembloux und Winenne. 2° Die Männchen schwärmen nicht, man kann deren noch bis August im Nest auffinden. 3° Die Ameisen nehmen nicht immer genau Denselben Weg. 4° Das Ameisennest in Acosse ist Während siebend Monaten in Aktivität, von April bis Ende Oktober. 5° Die Wege zur den Nahrungsquellen sind von einem Jahr zum anderen dieselben. Sie werden wàhrend den gleichen Zeit abschnitten, April-Mai-Juni zumPrunus genommen, von Mai bis Oktober zumAhorn, von Juni bis August zur Fichte, von August bis Oktober zumVogelkirschbaum. 6° Die Hypothese eines mehrere jahre anhaltendes gedachtnisses der Ameisen wird vorgeschlagen, sowie eine gewisse maschinelle Aktivität der Arbeiterinnen.
    Notes: Résumé L'étude d'un nid deLasius fuliginosus durant trois années consécutives à montré que: 1° L'essaimage a lieu en juin-juillet à Acosse, en mai à Düren (Allemagne), Gembloux et Winenne. 2° Tous les mâles n'essaiment pas: on en trouve encore dans le nid jusqu'en août. 3° Les fourmis ne suivent pas toujours rigoureusement la même piste. 4° La période d'activité des fourmis du nid d'Acosse s'étale d'avril à la fin d'octobre, soit durant sept mois. 5° Les pistes vers le champ tropophorique sont semblables d'une année à l'autre. Elles sont empruntées aux mêmes époques, vers lePrunus en avril-mai-juin, vers l'Erable de mai à octobre, vers l'Epicea de juin à août, et vers leMerisier d'août jusqu'en octobre. 6° L'hypothèse d'une mémoire pérennante des repères chez les fourmis est prise en considération, mais aussi l'existence d'une certaine automation dans l'activité des ouvrières.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223267
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Un nid deCoptotermes intermedius silvestri (Isoptère rhinotermitidæ) (1967)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 14 (1967), S. 281-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02252830
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recherches sur la biologie et l'éthologie deDolichoderus quadripunctatus (L.) (Hym. form. Dolichoderidæ) (1967)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 14 (1967), S. 259-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1 Biology of the lonely queen. — The experimental study of the evolution of these lonely queen, show that, they cannot lived isolated, and they cannot found colonies, alone. 2 Biology of colonies with queen. — We have experimentaly established that: in presence of a queen, the workers cannot lay eggs; the eggs which are present in this type of colonies,are laying only by the queen. The produce of workers of the colony, come from the egg laying of a wingless fecundate queen. Produce of queens: a very little number ofgynes are produced by the colony. They born by fecundated eggs, layed by a wingless queen. These larvaes must be developped, without queen contacts. It is also necessary that a great number of workers are rearing a little number of larvaes. InDolichoderus quadripunctatus species, queens and workers have the same birth: eggs layed by fecundated queens. So, queens development is not apparented to blastogenic facts, but trophogenic facts. Produce of males: we have never obtained males from queens eggs.
    Notes: Résumé Première Partie:Biologie de la femelle isolée. — L'étude expérimentale du devenir des femelles isolées montre que ces individus sont incapables de vivre isolément. La fondation des colonies par femelle isolée n'a jamais été observée. Elle n'a jamais pu être réalisée expérimentalement. Deuxième Partie:Biologie des colonies avec reine. — Nous avons pu établir que: en présence de la reine, les ouvrières ne pondent jamais; la totalité des pontes que l'on rencontre dans ces colonies provient de la ponte des reines. Production d'ouvrières: la totalité des ouvrières produites par la colonic previent de la ponte d'une reine fécondée. Production de femelles: Dolichoderus quadripunctatus se caractérise par la production d'un très petit nombre de femelles ailées. Ces femelles ailées sont issues d'œufs pondus par la femelle fécondée, mais dont les larves évoluent sans contact direct avec la reine. Pour que le futur couvain royal puisse se développer, il est nécessaire qu'un grand nombre d'ouvrières élèvent un petit nombre de larves. ChezDolichoderus quadripunctatus, les femelles ailées et les ouvrières ont donc une même origine: la ponte d'une reine. Le déterminisme de l'apparition des femelles n'est donc pas d'ordre blastogénique, mais d'ordre trophogénique. Production de mâles: enfin, nous n'avons jamais obtenu de mâles à partir de ponte de femelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02252829
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    La place deCamponotus acvapimensis Mayr (Hyménoptère Formicidæ) dans la chaine alimentaire d'une savane de Cote-d'Ivoire (1967)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 14 (1967), S. 313-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The food ofCamponotus acvapimensis is derived from animal predation and gathering of Homopterans and plants. This diversity of origin of nutrition permits it to avoid periods of food scarcity. During the dry season, the vegetation is destroyed by bush fire and the food is primarily based upon predation. In the wet season, many workers of the species search for exsudates of Homopterans. The building behaviour of thisCamponotus only expresses itself in the building of shelters for Homopterans. This species is preyed upon by differents groups such as birds, frogs and lizards. It is parasitized by calcidid Hymenopterans and fungi.
    Notes: Résumé Les sources alimentaires deCamponotus acvapimensis proviennent de la prédation et de la récolte systématique d'exsudats d'Homoptères et de sucs de plantes. Cette diversité d'origine des produits procure à l'espèce une alimentation abondante tout au long de l'année. En saison sèche, pendant la période où la végétation est détruite après le passage des feux de brousse, l'alimentation carnée prédomine. En saison des pluies, où les plantes jeunes abondent et par conséquent les Homoptères, de nombreuses ouvrières partent à la recherche d'exsudats. Le comportement constructeur de ceCamponotus ne se manifeste que dans la construction d'abris pour Homoptères. L'espèce sert elle-même de proie à divers groupes d'animaux (Oiseaux, Batraciens, Reptiles...). Elle est d'autre part victime de divers parasites (Chalcidiens, champignons...).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223680
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nest architecture and brood development in a neotropical bumblebee,Bombus atratus (1967)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 14 (1967), S. 389-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223686
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Régulation sociale dans les sociétés orphelines d'Evylæus nigripes (Lep.) (Hym.,Halictidæ) (1968)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 15 (1968), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In queenless societies ofEvylæus nigripes, one of the workers assumes the rôle of a lost queen: she remains permanently in the nest, lays most of the eggs but does not collect any pollen. Queenless societies of workers resemble polygynous spring associations of this species: both indicate the existence of a group effect.
    Notes: Résumé Dans les sociétés orphelines d'Evylæus nigripes, l'une des ouvrières joue le rôle de reine: elle ne participe pas à la récolte du pollen, demeurant constamment au nid, et assume la plus grande part de la ponte sociale. On établit un parallèle entre les sociétés orphelines et les fondations polygynes de la même espèce: les unes et les autres semblent révéler l'existence d'un effet de groupe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02224891
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the division of labour in the primitive termiteZootermopsis nevadensis (Hagen) (1968)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 15 (1968), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a trouvé que chezZootermopsis nevadensis, termite relativement primitif, ce sont les nymphes et les plus vieilles larves qui manifestent le plus un comportement constructeur et exécutent la plupart du terrassement et des mouvements oscillatoires. En évoluant de l'état de jeunes larves à celui de nymphes, les termites ont tendance à passer moins de temps en trophallaxie et plus à d'autres activités. Les nymphes du premier stade et les larves du sixième stade sont les plus actives à tous points de vue. En termes de comportement, les larves du sixième stade sont l'équivalent le plus proche d'une caste d'ouvriers. Les nymphes du premier stade peuvent être, en gros, divisés en ceux qui passent beaucoup de temps en trophallaxie et relativement peu à d'autres activités et réciproquement. Cette polarité n'était pas évidente chez les insectes plus jeunes. Les sexués de remplacement passent la plupart de leur temps en trophallaxie et très peu à d'autres activités. La plus grande part de cette trophallaxie a lieu avec les plus jeunes larves, tandis que chez les autres stades elle a lieu avec les sexués de remplacement. Il est suggéré ici que les différences de comportement observées pourraient être importantes dans la détermination et la régulation des castes.
    Notes: Conclusions It has been found that inZootermopsis nevadensis, a relatively primitive termite, the nymphs and older larvae carry out most nest-building behaviour, digging, and oscillatory movements. As they progress from young larvae to nymphs the termites tend to spend less time in trophallaxis and more time in other activities. The first instar nymphs and the sixth instar larvae are the most active in all respects. In terms of behaviour the sixth instar larvae are the nearest equivalent to a worker caste. Insects of the first nymphal instar can be roughly divided into those that spend much time in trophallaxis and relatively little in other activities andvice versa. This polarity was not evident in the younger insects. The replacement reproductives spend most of their time in trophallaxis and very little in other activities. Most of this trophallaxis is with the younger larvae, while most of the trophallaxis of the other instars is with the replacement reproductives. It is suggested that behavioural differences such as those found here may be important in caste determination and regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02224893
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen anHarpagoxenus sublævis Nyl. (Hymenoptera, formicidæ) (1968)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 15 (1968), S. 89-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Successful mating of ergatoid as well as winged females ofHarpagoxenus sublævis Nyl. with males of strange colonies was observed. The ergatoid females show a special behaviour apparently for attracting the males (fig. 1, 2). It looks similar to the behaviour of young females of some termite species and was not yet known from ants. 2. Colony foundation ofH. sublævis in the well known manner (Viehmeyer, 1921) could be observed in the laboratory; even aged ergatoid females can kill or drive away the inhabitants of a colony of their host speciesLeptothorax acervorum and appropriate their brood a second time. 3. The behaviour ofH. sublævis in slaveraids on colonies of its host species is very plastic. Two types of slave-raids could be observed: 1° The well known shape of «bellicose raid» (Adlerz, 1895;Viehmeyer, 1921), 2° the transportation of entire colonies of the host species into the nest ofHarpagoxenus without any struggle («Eudulosis» according toKutter, 1957, but without killing the queens of the host species). 4. All larvae and pupae even of species of the subgenusLeptothorax are removed out of an attacked nest, but only colonies of the subgenusMychothorax are attacked, never such of the subgenusLeptothorax. 5. Slave-raids can only be induced in certain times of the annual cycle; this is normally the period from about the beginning of June to mid of August when pupae are present both in the nests ofHarpagoxenus and its host species. 6. On the slave-raids theHarpagoxenus workers seem to orient themselves optically, near the entrance of the attacked nest or of their own nest they seem to use their «topochemical sense» running loops.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Erfolgreiche Kopula von ergatoiden sowie geflügelten Weibchen vonHarpagoxenus sublævis Nyl. mit Männchen fremder Kolonien wurde beobachtet. Die ergatoiden Weibchen zeigen ein besonderes Verhalten, durch das sie wohl die Männchen anlocken (Abb. 1, 2). Es ähnelt dem Verhalten der jungen Weibchen mancher Termiten und ist von Ameisen bisher nicht bekannt. 2. Die Koloniegründung vonH. sublævis erfolgte im Versuch in der bekannten Weise (Viehmeyer, 1921), auch ältere ergatoide Weibchen können nochmals erfolgreich die Bewohner einer Kolonie der WirtsartLeptothorax acervorum töten oder vertreiben und sich deren Brut aneignen. 3. Das Verhalten vonH. sublævis beim Raubzug auf Nester der Wirtsarten ist sehr plastisch. Zwei Typen von «Raubzügen» wurden beobachtet: 1) Die bekannte Form des «kriegerischen Raubzuges» (Adlerz, 1895;Viehmeyer, 1921), 2) kampfloser Transport ganzer Kolonien der Wirtsarten insHarpagoxenus-Nest (Eudulosis nachKutter, 1957, jedoch ohne Abtöten der Königinnen aus den Wirtsameisenvölkern). 4. Alle Larven und Puppen auch fremderLeptothoraxarten werden aus einem überfallenen Nest geraubt, doch werden nur Nester der UntergattungMychothorax, nicht vom SubgenusLeptothorax überfallen. 5. Raubzüge sind nur zu bestimmten Zeiten im Jahrescyclus auszulösen; normalerweise ist dies der Zeitraum von etwa Anfang Juni bis Mitte August, wenn in den Kolonien vonHarpagoxenus und seinen Wirtsarten Puppen vorhanden sind. 6. DieH.-Arbeiterinnen orientieren sich auf den Raubzügen wahrscheinlich zunächst optisch, am Eingang des überfallenen Wirtsameisennestes beginnen sie Suchschleifen zu laufen und scheinen sich des «topochemischen Sinns» zu bedienen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02224896
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über die Trophollaxis beiVespa Orientalis L. (1968)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 15 (1968), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary From the foregoing, it is clear that among the Oriental hornet there is absolute inter-dependence between the larvae and the adults, i.e. a symbiosis in whick the function of the adults is to collect food while that of the larvae is to digest it. At the beginning of the season, when the nector which serves as food for the adults is abundant in nature, the inter-dependence is chiefly with respect to protein digestion. With the advent of summer, the is in Israël and countries of a similar climate, a drop in the natural nectar supply, and the interdependence of the workers and larvae becomes obligatory also with respect to carbohydrates.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es ist der Beweis erbracht worden, dass die Kolonien vonVespa orientalis L. nicht ohne Larven bestehen können oder genauer gesagt, ohne Speichelabsonderung der Larven. Diese bilden die einzige Quelle von Rohstoffen für den Stickstoffmetabolismus der Arbeiterinnen und für die Königin, da diese selbst über keine Protease verfügen, welche für den Proteinabbau benötigt werden. Von besonderer Wichtigkeit ist dies für die Eiproduktion der Königin. Dieses Ergebnis legt nahe, dass das Gesellschaftsleben der Hornissen wahrscheinlich als eine Symbiose zwischen Erwachsenen und Larven aufzufassen ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02225848
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraoocytäre Komponenten des Eiwachstums beiApis Mellifica (1968)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 15 (1968), S. 271-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Beside a small RNA synthesis in the oocyte nucleus during previtellogenesis the rapid increase of the volume of the egg cell is conditioned by three extraoocytic components: 1. The pinocytotic uptake of heterosynthetic yolk proteins out of the hemolymph. 2. The content of the nurse cells flowing in the egg cell towards the end of oogenesis. 3. The protein synthesis in the oocyte with RNA from the trophocytes. The RNA metabolism of the different cell types in the egg follicle of the queen honey bee is studied by autoradiography. Most of the RNA required for the euplasmic egg growth is coming out of the ca. 48 polyploidic nurse cells. The oocyte nucleus is only supplying small quantities of RNA at the beginning of oogenesis. No RNA delivery occurs from the follicle epithelium. The rate of RNA synthesis in the nuclei of nurse cells in the honey bee is similar to the well known case of Diptera, especially in the house fly. But the RNA transport from the trophocytes into the oocyte in Apis does not reach the velocity found in the dipterian ovary. The main factors responsible for the production of some thousand eggs per day by the queen honey bee are: a) The number (ca. 48) and size of nurse cells. b) The great number of about 360 ovarioles. c) The number of 20–30 egg follicles simultaneously growing in each ovariole.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der Oogenese erfolgt das Wachstum der Eizellen nicht allein als von RNS-Syntheseleistungen des Oocytenkerns abhängige euplasmatische Proteinsynthese. Die schnelle Volumenzunahme der Eizellen wird durch drei extraoocytäre Komponenten bedingt: 1. Pinocytäre Aufnahme heterosynthetischer Dotterproteine aus der Haemolymphe. 2. Einfliessen des Nährfachinhaltes in die Oocyte. 3. RNS-Zufuhr aus den Nährzellen in die Oocyte für die dort ablaufende Proteinsynthese. Untersucht wird mit Hilfe autoradiographischer Technik der RNS-Haushalt der Zellelemente der Eifollikel im Bienenovar. Für das Eiwachstum (Euplasma) spielt die RNS-Zufuhr aus dem von 48 polyploiden Nährzellen gebildeten Nährfach die Hauptrolle. Der Oocytenkern synthetisiert nur zu Oogenesebeginn geringe Mengen an RNS. Aus den Follikelzellen erfolgt keine RNS-Abgabe an die Eizelle. Syntheserate und Transportgeschwindigkeit der trophocytären RNS werden im Vergleich zu Literaturangaben über andere Insektenarten diskutiert. Bei der Honigbiene spielt neben der Grösse des Nährfachs vor allem die hohe Zahl von insgesamt rd. 360 Ovariolen und die Menge der in jeder Ovariole gleichzeitig heranwachsenden Follikel (maximal 20–30) eine Rolle als Voraussetzung für die mögliche Produktion von einigen tausend Eiern pro Tag.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02225850
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recherches sur la biologie et l'éthologie deDolichoderus Quadripunctatus (L) (Hym. Form. Dolichoderidæ) (1968)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 15 (1968), S. 375-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In this work we study the biological cycle of the antDolichoderus quadripunctatus, and we have experimentally established the existence of 3 types of calies: -The first calie type (or central nest) in which is living the unic fecondated and wingless queen, with an important population of workers. -The second calies type (or first range peripheric nests) constituted only by workers colonies, in constant relations with the central nest, and also with the third type nests. -The third type calies (named also, workers colonies of the outside range peripheric nests), constituted like the IId type calies, by a worker population. These nests may exchanged ant larvae populations, and workers, with the second type nests. These constant population exchanges, explained the biological cycle of the antDolichoderus quadripunctatus. The colony multiplication is obtained by a particular process: there is no gynes flight. The gynes are fertilized inside the central nest, and after, they are adopted by the workers of an another calie (IId or IIId, type). This special reproduction process may be compared to the swarming of bees.
    Notes: Résumé Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié le cycle biologique de la fourmiDolichoderus quadripunctatus. Nous avons établi expérimentalement l'existence de trois types de calies: -la calie I, ou calie centrale, qui héberge la reine fécondée; -les calies II, ou calies d'ouvrières de la couronne interne, entretenant des relations constantes avec la calie I; -les calies III, ou calies d'ouvrières de la couronne externe, entretenant des relations avec les calies II. Les divers échanges de populations, tant larvaires qu'adultes, permettent d'expliquer le cycle complet de cette espèce. La multiplication des colonies se fait sans envol de sexués femelles, par la capture d'une femelle déjà fécondée dans le nid mère. Ce mode de reproduction très particulier paraît propre à cette espèce. Enfin, nous avons essayé de dégager les conclusions générales de toute cette série de travaux (voirTorossian, 1967a, b, c, d, e, f, 1968), c'est-à-dire de situer le «niveau social» des sociétés deDolichoderus quadripunctatus. Il apparaît que par de multiples caractères (monogynie, habitat arboricole, perte de la phase solitaire, régulation sociale très diversifiée),Dolichoderus quadripunctatus se situe à un niveau très élevé dans l'échelle sociale des Insectes sociaux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223634
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological observations on primitively social bees (Allodapula) from Cameroon (Hymenoptera, Xylocopinæ) (1968)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 15 (1968), S. 423-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223640
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defence of nest by the female ofXylocopa fenestrata Fab. (Xylocopinae, Hymenoptera) (1968)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 15 (1968), S. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les femelles deX. fenestrata possèdent trois moyens de protection de leur progéniture: 1 Régulation de la taille du nid, qui permet d'avoir toujours plus que la moitié de la longueur d'un espace entre nœuds de la tige de bambou, vide entre l'entrée et la dernière cloison. 2 Application d'un répulsif à l'entrée du nid. 3 Attaque de l'intrus en le mordant avec les fortes mandibules ou en le piquant, ou encore en éjectant un liquide répugnant. Ce dernier mode d'attaque n'apparaît que si l'intrus persiste longtemps dans ses tentatives.
    Notes: Summary The female ofXylocopa fenestrata provides protection for her younglings by three ways: (i) regulation of nest size and leaving more than half the length of an internode of a bamboo vacant between the entrance and the last partition, (ii) by applying a repellent at the entrance of her nest, and (iii) by attacking the intruder with her strong mandibles, stinging it and ultimately ejecting a watery repugnant fluid. She resorts to the last method of attack only if annoyance continues for a longtime. The authors are thankful to Dr.A. S. Atwal, Professor of Zoology-Entomology (now, Dean, College of Agriculture) for facilities and criticism of the results and to Dr.G. E. Bohart, United States Department of Agriculture, Utah State University, Logan, for carefully going through the manuscript and making valuable suggestions. They are also thankful to Mr.Surendra Kumar for varied assistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223639
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Étude de la distribution des organes sensoriels de l'antenne et de leurs relations possibles avec le comportement chez deux fourmis myrmicines:Myrmica lævinodis Nyl. etAphænogaster gibbosa Latr. récoltées dans la région des Eyzies (1969)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 16 (1969), S. 279-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Conclusion. Summary Morphological and statistical researches on the sensory equipment of the Ant's antennæ in chapter I of this work have enabled us to interpret some biological phenomena to be enlarged upon in the next chapters. The part played by the champagne cork shaped organs in the trophallaxic behaviour has been shown by ablations ofMyrmica lævinodis Nyl. antennæ.Aphænogaster gibbosa Latr., a species which does not practise the stomodeal exchanges, possesses twice less numerous champagne cork shaped organs on its antennæ. Besides, in those mixed colonies where the two species are bred together,Aphænogaster sometimes receives food fromMyrmica. However the importance of those needful organs should hot be overvalued becauseMyrmica is partly able to practise the trophallaxic behaviour whithout its feelers. Moreover, ifAphænogaster does not exchange food in its nests, this is certainly not due to a defect of its sensory equipment but very likely to the disappearance of the innate behaviour of «agiver», an inductor of the one of a «receiver». ThusAphænogaster's sensory equipment does need to become as evolued as the one ofMyrmica. The importance (very likely of an olfactory nature) of those organs in other behaviours may have caused its persistence onAphænogaster's antennæ. The crop of that ant has grown much less extensible than the one ofMyrmica. It is further to be noticed that the behaviour ofMyrmica as agiver when its feelers have been cut-off proves easier to carry out but more difficult to acquire or to preserve on the evolutive plane, and thus seems to be more basic as regards trophallaxy. Finaly, beyard the knowledge of the sensory qualities, the interest of the myrmecological material lies in that it affords a new method of approach for the study of the determinism of the behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309000
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beobachtungen uber die Verhaltensweisen in Künstlich Erzielten Polygynen Hummelvölkern (1965)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 12 (1965), S. 105-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. D'après mes observations, les reines de bourdons n'ont une conduite agressive qu'au printemps. Pendant sept expériences consécutives, plusieurs reines ont été mises ensemble, pour cette raison, après la phase agressive. Au cours de six expériences, elles ont fondé des nids en commun sans toutefois donner des éclosions en totalité. 2. Les élevages ont donné satisfaction dans des cages à treillis métallique, en pleine lumière du jour. 3. Le début de l'action de la construction du nid chez les peuples polygynes a été décrit. 4. L'époque du développement de l'œuf jusqu'à l'imago est située au-dessus des valeurs moyennes connues jusqu'à ce jour. 5. Chez les peuples polygynes, une participation de travail se laissait remarquer chez les reines, en partie, chez les ouvrières, toujours. 6. Les différents résultats des expériences sont décrits en tableaux analytiques.
    Abstract: Summary 1. Bumblebee queens show an agressive behaviour only in the spring, I have observed. Therefore, several queens were brought together in seven experiments only after this agressive phase. In six of the experiments they started colonies together, but descendants did not hatch in all of them. 2. The cultures were contained in wire cages in full daylight. 3. The beginning of nestbuilding in polygyne colonies is described. 4. The time of development from egg to adult is longer than the average known until now. 5. Some of the queens were observed to show a division of labour; the workers always did so. 6. The results of the experiments are tabulated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Hummelköniginnen besitzen nach meinen Beobachtungen nur im Frühjahr ein agressives Verhalten. In sieben Versuchen wurden mehrere Königinnen deshalb erst nach dieser agressiven Phase zusammengesetzt. In sechs Versuchen gründeten sie gemeinsam Nester, doch schlüpften nicht überall Nachkommen. 2. Die Zuchten gelangen in offenen Drahtkäfigen bei vollem Tageslicht. 3. Der Beginn der Nestbautätigkeit in den polygynen Völkern wird beschrieben. 4. Die Entwicklungszeit vom Ei bis zur Imago liegt über den bisher bekannten Durschnittswerten. 5. Eine Arbeitsteilung in den polygynen Völkern liess sich bei den Königinnen teilweise, bei den Arbeiterinnen immer erkennen. 6. Die einzelnen Versuchsergebnisse werden tabellarisch beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223757
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluss von Umweltbedingungen auf die Bildung von Gynandromorphen bei der HonigbieneApis mellifica L. (1965)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 12 (1965), S. 201-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pendant les mois de juillet et d'août, des variations dans le pourcentage des gynandromorphes pondus par une reine issue d'une lignée spécialisée dans la production des gynandromorphes ont été étudiées et des modifications causées par des changements de milieu (la miellée, le nourrissement spéculatif, mise en cage de la reine) observées. Sur 16375 abeilles contrôlées, on a trouvé 2590 (15,9%) gynandromorphes. La stimulation à la ponte avait pour conséquence une augmentation du pourcentage s'élevant à 32,5%, alors que des obstacles mis à la ponte provoquaient une diminution pouvant descendre à 6%. La durée du développement des gynandromorphes oscillait de 21 à 24 jours. L'hypothèse d'une base polygène et d'une prédétermination de l'œuf dans le cas de gynandromorphisme pouvait être confirmée par les résultats des expériences. L'intensité de la ponte stimulée ou freinée par les influences du milieu doit être considérée comme un facteur important de la production des gynandromorphes, à condition d'avoir une base génétique appropriée et une aptitude nourricière suffisante chez les nourrices.
    Abstract: Summary Fluctuations in the percentage of gynandromorphic bees in the brood of one queen from a specific gynandromorphs producing strain were observed and brought into connection with changes in the environment (nectar flow, sugar sirup feeding, caging of the queen). From a total of 16375 checked bees 2590 (15,9%) were gynandromorphs. Stimulation of egg deposition resulted in an increase of the gynandromorph fraction to 32,5%, hampering of the queen during egg deposition was followed by a decrease to 6%. The period of development of gynandromorphic individuals takes from 21–24 days. Further indications for a poligenic basis and a predetermination of the egg in gynandromorph occurrence were given by these experiments. Beside a specific genetic background and sufficient nursing bees for brood rearing one has to regard as an important prerequisite for the production of gynandromorphs the through environmental conditions stimulated or hampered intensity of egg deposition of the queen.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Schwankungen des Gynandromorphen-Anteils in der Brut einer Königin aus einer speziellen, Gynandromorphen erzeugenden Linie wurden in den Monaten Juli und August untersucht und Verschiebungen auf Grund von Umweltänderungen (Nektarangebot, Reizfütterung, Käfigung der Königin) festgestellt. Von insgesamt 16375 kontrollierten Bienen waren 2590 (15,9%) Gynandromorphen. Anregung zur Eiablage hatte Erhöhung des Gynandromorphen-Anteils auf 32,5% zur Folge, Hemmung der Königin während der Eiablage ein Absinken auf 6,0%. Die Entwicklungsdauer der Gynandromorphen lag zwischen 21 und 24 Tagen. Die Annahme einer polygenen Basis und Prädetermination des Eies bei Gynandromorphismus konnte durch Versuchsergebnisse gefestigt werden. Als wichtige Komponente bei der Erzeugung von Gynandromorphen muss bei entsprechender genetischer Grundlage und ausreichender Pflegefähigkeit der Ammenbienen die durch die Umwelteinflüsse geförderte oder gehemmte Eiablage-Intensität der Königin angesehen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223891
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogenèse de l'innervation des organes sensoriels des antennes chezReticulitermes lucifugus santonensis Feyt. (1965)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 12 (1965), S. 241-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The author has studied the ontogenesis of the innervation of neurosensorial organs on the antennæ ofReticulitermes lucifugus santonensis Feyt. She has found, among the organs with external processussensilla trichoidea (small, medium an big),sensilla basiconica, andsensilla campaniformia. Repartition and variation in number of sensilla during developpement have been described. She describe so 3 sensorial organs without any external processus: 2 chordotonal organs (one in the scapus, the other in the pedicellus). Antennal nerves and tracheas have been followed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223894
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recherches sur les Termitoxeniidæ (Diptera) (1965)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 12 (1965), S. 273-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223897
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sull'attivita' di foraggiamento notturna delCamponotus nylanderi Em. (1965)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 12 (1965), S. 253-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'auteur a observé en laboratoire l'activité de récolte des ouvrières deCamponotus nylanderi Em. Au moyen d'observations régulières sur de petites colonies provenant de la Sicile, on prouve que l'activité en question est exclusivement nocturne au moins pendant l'été. Ce rythme d'activité persiste pendant quelques jours en conditions d'éclairage continu et de température irrégulièrement variable.C. nylanderi, est la seule espèce de la myrmecofaune italienne ayant une activité de récolte exclusivement nocturne: c'est un trait de comportement qu'on trouve seulement chez les espèces deCamponotus des déserts chauds, systématiquement voisines deC. nylanderi.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Der Verfasser studiert die Sammeltätigkeit der Arbeiterinnen desCamponotus nylanderi Em. Nach systematischer Beobachtung einiger Kolonien, die aus Sizilien stammen, beweist der Verf. dass die sommerliche Sammeltätigkeit ausschliesslich in der Nacht vorsichgeht. Im Herbst kann man auch während des Tages eine geringe Tätigkeit beobachten. Im Dauerlicht (unter uregelmässig wechselnder Temperatur) ist es möglich den Tätigkeitsrhytmus noch für einige Tage zu verfolgen.C. nylanderi ist die einzige Art des italienischen Ameisenfauna, bei der man eine solche nächtliche Aktivität vorfindet. Ein solches Verhalten kommt nur bei verwandtenCamponotus-arten vor, die die warmen Wüsten bewohnen.
    Notes: Riassunto L'Autore, dopo una rivista delle attuali conoscenze sui ritmi di attività delle formiche, studia l'attività di foraggiamento delCamponotus nylanderi Em. e segnala come, almeno nel periodo estivo, essa sia esclusivamente notturna con due massimi di attività (attorno alle ore 21 ed alle ore 2) nella prima e nella seconda metà della notte. In autunno, seppure molto ridotta, l'attività persiste anche nelle ore diurne. In luce costante (e temperatura irregolarmente variabile), l'attività periodica perdura ancora quattro o cinque giorni per poi divenire completamente aritmica. Un'attività notturna quale quella qui illustrata riveste un particolare interesse per la sua unicità in tutta la fauna mirmecologica italiana e per l'analogia che presenta con quella di alcuni affiniCamponotus tropicali.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223895
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    La glande sternale dans l'évolution des Termites (1965)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 12 (1965), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Glandular swellings of the epidermis in the region of some abdominal sternites (sternal glands) are always present in Termites.Mastotermes darwiniensis shows 3 glands, one on each of the 3rd, 4th and 5th sternites; in the sub-families Stolotermitinæ, Porotermitinæ and Hodotermitinæ, there is a single sternal gland on the 4th sternite; in all other Termites examined, one finds this sternal gland on the 5th sternite. These glands have been observed in every caste, but they regress in functional reproductives, both imaginal and neoteinic.
    Notes: Résumé Des différenciations glandulaires de l'épiderme au niveau de certains sternites abdominaux (glandes sternales) existent chez tous les Termites.Mastotermes darwiniensis possède une glande sur chacun des sternites 3, 4 et 5; dans les sous-familles des Stolotermitinæ, Porotermitinæ, Hodotermitinæ, la glande sternale, unique, est située sur le 4e sternite; tous les autres Termites examinés ont une glande sternale sur le 5e sternite. Ces glandes existent dans toutes les castes, mais subissent une régression chez les sexués fonctionnels, qu'ils soient imaginaux ou néoténiques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223896
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomie et fonctionnement des stigmates de quelques Fourmis (Hyménoptères Formicidæ) (1965)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 12 (1965), S. 285-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Study of six species of ants of the Sahara, compared with three mediterranean species. They have two types of spiracles. 1o Thoracic type: occlusion by two peritremal lids moved by an occlusor muscle. 2o Abdominal type: closed by squeezing the atrium by the occlusor muscle. A dilator muscle. The spiracles, ordinarily closed, keep opened at high temperatures.
    Notes: Résumé Etude de six espèces de fourmis du Sahara et de trois espèces méditerranéennes. Il y a deux types de stigmates. 1o Le type thoracique: fermeture assurée par deux lèvres formées par le péritrême. Un muscle de fermeture. 2o Le type abdominal: fermeture par écrasement de l'atrium sous l'action d'un muscle de fermeture. Un muscle d'ouverture. Les stigmates, normalement fermés, restent ouverts lorsque la température est assez élevée.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223898
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caste differentiation inAugochlorella (Hymenoptera, Halictidæ) (1965)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 12 (1965), S. 291-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'auteur met en évidence, chezA. striata etA. persimilis, la présence de deux castes: pondeuses ou reines et femelles non pondeuses du type ouvrières; les castes sont cependant peu différenciées. La présence d'une reine et plus, dans le nid, peut être observée au printemps lorsque tous les individus de la colonie accomplissent les différentes tâches, y compris la récolte du pollen pour les cellules. Après l'apparition, en juin, du premier couvain, il n'y a plus qu'une pondeuse par colonie, celle-ci continue à construire des cellules et à s'en occuper mais ne récolte pas de pollen. Les autres femelles de la colonie, bien que souvent fécondées, ne pondent pas d'œufs mais se chargent des autres activités du nid. La taille moyenne des reines et des femelles non pondeuses diffère au cours de la saison, mais il n'y a pas de différence morphologique importante entre les deux castes.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Anwesenheit zweier Kasten, die Eierlegerinnen oder Königinnen und die Nichteierlegerinnen oder arbeiterähnlichen Weibchen, inA. striata undA. persimilis, wird bewiesen, obgleich die Kasten undeutlich definiert sind. Eine oder mehr Königinnen können während des Frühlings im Nest sein, zu einer Zeit in der alle Individuen der Kolonie alle Nesttätigkeiten einschliesslich der Pollensammlung ausführen können. Nach der Eklosion der ersten Brut im June, ist nur eine Eierlegerin pro Kolonie da, welche weiter das Nest bewacht und Zellen baut aber keinen Pollen sammelt. Die anderen Weibchen der Kolonie, obgleich abermals gepaart, legen selten Eier. Sie führen jedoch alle weiteren Nestaktivitäten aus. Die Königinnen und Nichteierlegerinnen, sind im Jahresdurchschnitt verschieden gross, aber bedeutende morphologische Unterschiede zwischen den Kasten wurden nicht gefunden.
    Notes: Summary The presence of two castes, the egglayers or queens and the nonegglayers or workerlike females, is demonstrated inA. striata andA. persimilis although the castes are poorly defined. One or more queens may be present in a nest during the spring, at which time all individuals of the colony may perform all nesting activities including the collecting of pollen for the cells. After the first brood has emerged in June, there is only one egglayer per colony, and this individual, although continuing to guard and build cells, does not collect pollen. The other females of the colony, although frequently mated, rarely lay eggs but do carry on all other nesting activities. The queens and nonegglaying females differ in size averaged over the season, but there are no gross morphological differences between the two castes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222719
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leptothorax (Mychothorax) kutteri N. Sp., eine sozialparasitische ameise (Hymenoptera, formicidæ) (1965)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 12 (1965), S. 327-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Leptothorax (Mychothorax) kutteri n. sp. is described. The new species is living as a workerless social parasite in polygynous nests ofLeptothorax (Mychothorax) acervorum Fabr. together with fertilized females of this species. Sexuals of both species are bred in the mixed colonies. The new species shows no morphological specialisation in comparison withL. acervorum. The probable origin of such a social parasite in polygynous ant species is discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé Leptothorax (Mychothorax) kutteri n. sp. est décrit. La nouvelle espèce n'a pas d'ouvrières. Elle vit comme parasite dans des nids polygynes deLeptothorax (Mychothorax) acervorum Fabr. à côté des femelles fertilisées de cette espèce. Les colonies mixtes produisent des sexués des deux espèces. La nouvelle espèce n'a pas de spécialisations dans sa morphologie externe par comparaison avecL. acervorum. L'origine probable d'un tel parasite dans des espèces polygynes est discutée.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Leptothorax (Mychothorax) kutteri n. sp. wird beschrieben. Die neue Art lebt sozialparasitisch in polygynen Nestern vonLeptothorax (Mychothorax) acervorum Fabr. neben begatteten ♀♀ dieser Art.L. kutteri ist arbeiterlos. In den gemischten Nestern werden Geschlechtstiere beider Arten aufgezogen. Die neue Art weist im äusseren Körperbau keine Spezialisierung gegenüber,L. acervorum auf. Die vermutliche Entstehung eines solchen Sozialparasiten in polygynen Ameisenarten wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222722
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution a l'étude des réactions photo-ménotaxiques du criquet migrateur:Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. et F.) (1965)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 12 (1965), S. 363-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222725
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the nature of the sounds produced within the nest of the oriental hornet,Vespa orientalis F. (1965)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 12 (1965), S. 383-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222726
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the significance of certain oscillatory movements of termites (1965)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 12 (1965), S. 335-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons étudié deux mouvements oscillatoires du termiteZootermopsis angusticollis. Nous avons trouvé que le Mouvement Longitudinal Oscillatoire s'est produit après que les termites ont été dérangés et que celui-ci semblait être une réponse à un stimulus relativement faible perçu par les organes sensoriels antennaires. Le Mouvement Complexe Oscillatoire s'est produit après une perturbation relativement forte. Il s'associe avec la déposition d'une trace odorante et se produit seulement après contact avec un individu de la même espèce. Nous avons montré que c'est un moyen d'exciter d'autres termintes, qui, normalement, suivront ensuite la trace odorante, mais ce n'est pas un stimulus spécifique à suivre une telle piste.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurden zwei oszillatorische Bewegungen der TermiteZootermopsis anguisticollis untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, dass dielongitudinale oszillatorische Bewegung stattfand nachdem die Termiten gestört worden sind und dass sie als Antwort auf einen relativen geringen Reiz an den antennalen Senzillen anzusehen ist. Diekomplexe oszillatorische Bewegung fand nach einer relativen, grossen Störung statt. Sie hängt mit der Ablagerung eine Duftspur zusammen und wird erst nach dem Zusammentreffen mit einem Individuum der gleichen Gattung hervorgerufen. Es konnte gezeigt worden, dass sie ein Mittel ist, die anderen Termiten zu erregen, die dann normalerweise die Duftspur verfolgen, obwohl sie kein spezifischer Reiz ist einer solchen Spur zu folgen.
    Notes: Summary Two oscillatory movements of the termiteZ. angusticollis have been investigated. It was found that the Longitudinal Oscillatory Movement occurred after the termites had been disturbed and that it appeared to be a response to a relatively low-intensity stimulus to antennal sensilla. The Complex Oscillatory Movement took place after a relatively large disturbance. It is associated with the laying down of an odour trail, and occurs only on contact with an individual of the same species. It has been shown to be a means of exciting other termites which will then normally follow the odour trail, but it is not a specific stimulus to follow such a trail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222723
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Échanges protidiques entre fourmilières deFormica polyctena, mesurés a l'aide de radio-isotopes (1966)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 13 (1966), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The exchanges of protidic material between ant-nests (F. polyctena) are going on the same way as for sugar exchanges, but at much less rate.
    Notes: Résumé Les échanges de matériel protidique s'effectuent entre fourmilières deFormica polyctena de la même manière que les échanges de sucres, tout en restant beaucoup moins actifs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02224632
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Usurpation de nids étrangers et parasitisme facultatif chezHalictus scabiosæ (Rossi) (Insecte hyménoptère) (1967)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 14 (1967), S. 47-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The break-up of pleometrotic spring associations ofHalictus scabiosæ (Rossi) causes the expelled auxiliaries to establish their own nests. They either dig their own burrows or utilise those of other species already present. The facultative parasitism described in this note was mainly directed againstEvylæus nigripes (Lep.) and ranged from mere nest occupation to the killing of the original owner and ovopósition in already provisioned cells.
    Notes: Résumé Les auxiliaires deHalictus scabiosæ (Rossi), expulsées de leurs nids lors de la dissolution des sociétés polygynes dont elles sont membres, sont contraintes de se reloger: ou bien elles creusent de nouveaux terriers, ou bien elles utilisent des nids préalablement édifiés par des femelles d'une espèce différente. Le parasitisme facultatif, décrit dans cette note, atteintEvylæus nigripes (Lep.) et va de la simple occupation d'un nid étranger au massacre de sa propriétaire avec ponte dans des cellules déjà pourvues de pains d'abeille.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222752
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of alkaline phosphatase in the castes of the termiteOdontotermes redemanni (Wasmann) and its role in caste formation (1967)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 14 (1967), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Distribution of Alkaline Phosphatase in the brains and digestive tracts of the workers, soldiers and sexuals ofOdontotermes redemanni is specific. 2. During early embryogenesis phosphatase distribution is very uniform and gives no indication of the future caste differentiation. 3. In the advanced larvae three types of reactions are noted. Those with faint, mild and intense phosphatase reactions become soldiers, workers and sexuals respectively. 4. The queen in the «Royal chamber» gives out an exudation through the integument. This exudation is licked and carried by the workers to the undifferentiated larvae in the nurseries. This material has inhibitory or stimulator substance whose selective application sets in the castewise differentiation of the larvae. Once the differentiation is fixed, the larvae show phosphatase reactions specific to the castes into which they will eventually develop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222753
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Addendum (1967)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 14 (1967), S. 101-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222756
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biology of the stingless beePlebeia remota (Holmberg): observations and evolutionary implications (1995)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 42 (1995), S. 71-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Stingless bees ; Plebeia remota ; social evolution ; division of labour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genusPlebeia has a special significance for the study of social evolution of stingless bees: morphologically primitive, its species display a wealth of behavioural evolution, especially with respect to the oviposition process. We comparePlebeia remota with the few other members of the genus studied so far. Related to its subtropical geographical range, brood production is seasonal (there is no brood in the colony in colder months), and adult workers occur as summer and winter bees. The nest is in tree cavities, and the involucrum is absent or restricted to the winter period. Brood cells are arranged in horizontal combs, and new cells are built completely synchronously. Each series consists of up to 50 cells, their number being mainly dependent on colony size. Construction speed is remarkably constant, allowing 4–6 batches per 24 hours. Cell building and provisioning are activities of a small group of specialized workers. The oviposition cycle follows the classical subdivisions for stingless bees. During the patrolling phase a worker may “offer” a trophic egg in a most remarkable way: while retreating backward from the queen she bends the abdomen under thorax and head, and lays an egg on the comb. This egg is eaten by the queen or a worker. The provisioning, oviposition and operculation of all cells occur simultaneously, each cell is provisioned by 4–9 workers. Localization of a cell by the queen may be facilitated by its characteristic guard, which “defends” the cell against the approaching queen. The degree of synchronization within a batch is very high: the duration per cell lasts 420–950 sec, the batch of up till 50 cells needs only 557–1160 sec. Operculation is done by a worker that was not involved in the previous steps. Males are generally produced by the queen. Several male producing cycles per year occur. In orphan colonies laying workers give rise to males, and in queenright colonies workers may occasionally reproduce as well. Division of labour follows the general pattern for stingless bees; however, cell building and provisioning are activities of a specialized group of workers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01245700
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of queen rearing in European and Africanized honey beesApis mellifera L. by synthetic queen mandibular gland pheromone (1995)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 42 (1995), S. 113-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Apis mellifera ; queen pheromone ; queen rearing ; monogyny ; Africanized
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Queen rearing is suppressed in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) by pheromones, particularly the queen's mandibular gland pheromone. In this study we compared this pheromonally-based inhibition between temperate and tropically-evolved honey bees. Colonies of European and Africanized bees were exposed to synthetic queen mandibular gland pheromone (QMP) for ten days following removal of resident queens, and their queen rearing responses were examined. Queen rearing was suppressed similarly in both European and Africanized honey bees with the addition of synthetic QMP, indicating that QMP acts on workers of both races in a comparable fashion. QMP completely suppressed queen cell production for two days, but by day six, cells containing queen larvae were present in all treated colonies, indicating that other signals play a role in the suppression of queen rearing. In queenless control colonies not treated with QMP, Africanized bees reared 30% fewer queens than Europeans, possibly due to racial differences in response to feedback from developing queens and/or their cells. Queen development rate was faster in Africanized colonies, or they selected older larvae to initiate cells, as only 1 % of queen cells were unsealed after 10 days compared with 12% unsealed cells in European colonies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242447
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drone congregations apart from the nest inMelipona favosa (1995)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 42 (1995), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Drone congregation area ; sexual behaviour ; chemical communication ; male competition ; Meliponinae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This is a first behavioural description of a large non-nest associated drone congregation of the stingless beeMelipona favosa. The about 400 drones had originated from different nests. The males interacted aggressively. Several gynes arrived at the drone congregation area (DCA). Olfactory stimuli triggered specific behaviours of the males as well as of the gynes but matings were not observed at the DCA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242448
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unique habits of stomodeal trophallaxis in the ponerine antHypoponera sp. (1995)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 42 (1995), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Stomodeal trophallaxis ; Ponerinae ; ergatoid male ; ergatoid queen ; Hypoponera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The present paper describes for the first time that adult-to-adult trophallaxis exists in ponerine ants. Furthermore, it shows that the adult castes of the ponerine andHypoponera sp. have different habits of trophallaxis. Workers display a soliciting behavior toward queens, males and workers, but receive regurgitated food only from workers. The workers are forced to stop soliciting for regurgitated food by the “whipping behavior” of the queen. Callow queens solicit regurgitated food from workers and ergatoid males and receive it, while mature queens do not solicit regurgitation from workers. Ergatoid males receive regurgitated food from workers and regurgitate it to queens. Alate males show no trophallactic food exchange with workers and queens. Trophallactic behavior was never observed between males of either winged or ergatoid types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242450
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of humic compounds in mounds of some soil-feeding termite species of tropical rainforests: its influence on soil structure stability (1995)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 42 (1995), S. 167-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Soil-feeding termites ; tropical rainforest ; humic compounds ; structural stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A comparison was made of some physicochemical characteristics of epigeous termitaries (nest walls and surrounding horizons) of four species of soil-feeding termites living in tropical rainforests. Our aim was to determine whether these species affect the different compounds involved in the structural stability of soil in a similar manner. Our data support the general finding that the structural stability of soil is correlated with organic matter, cations and the relative proportion of mineral elements. Of these parameters, the content of organic matter is the most significant factor effecting the stability of termite building materials. Analysis of humic compound distribution revealed that fulvic and humic acids, owing to their electrochemical properties, are highly involved. Also, the organic matter in termitaries is more polymerized than that of humiferous control horizons, leading to FA/HA ratios close to 1. The stability of nest walls and topsoils differs between the species. Generally, the speciesNoditermes lamanianus, Thoracotermes macrothorax andCubitermes fungifaber build nests that are enriched with organic matter and exchangeable cations, resulting in high structural stability. In contrast, materials worked byCrenetermes albotarsalis are not enriched with organic matter or cations and do not differ in stability from the control soils. It is concluded that any generalization on the overall influence of soil-feeding termites on soil fertility might be misleading. Only species which enrich their materials with organic matter, especially stabilised humic acids, contribute to soil conservation and hence fertility. Once the termitary is dead, its organic matter is again available to the soil ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242453
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haplometrosis and pleometrosis in the antAcromyrmex striatus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 43 (1996), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Colony foundation ; haplometrosis ; pleometrosis ; Acromyrmex striatus ; Attini
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Laboratory tests with mated females of the leaf-cutting antsAcromyrmex striatus (Myrmicinae, Attini) were conducted to determine if the colony foundation is a solitary or a mutualistic process. We have also tested the effect of foundresses density and number of available areas in this process. Three bioassays were performed: with single foundresses; with paired foundresses; and with groups of 8 to 18 foundresses. The results suggest that the foundation can be by haplometrosis or pleometrosis, possibly depending on physical distances between or densities of foundresses. Foraging activity was common in haplometrotic queens and in foundress pairs, but no foraging occurred in groups of foundresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01253955
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rediscovery of the workerless inquiline antPogonomyrmex colei and additional notes on natural history (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 43 (1996), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Interspecific trail following ; workerless inquiline ant ; Pogonomyrmex colei ; reproductive biology ; seed-harvester ants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Pogonomyrmex colei is a workerless inquiline ant known only from nests ofP. rugosus, its closest relative. Ten of 776 (1.3%) host nests were parasitized at a site in central Arizona, while none of 1499 potential host colonies were parasitized at two other locales. Colonies ofP. colei are perennial, and host alate females in 9 of 10 colonies demonstrates that host queens survive parasitism. Three of 10 colonies died over 19 colony years of observation, while only 1 of 601 colonies became newly parasitized. Mating occurs in morning for up to 2–3 days following summer and fall rains and in afternoon during cool fall days. Mating is intranidal just outside the nest entrance, with males returning to the natal nest. MaleP. colei may be flightless because their wing area is reduced compared to host males. Females fly from the nest and locate potential host colonies by following trunk trails. Workers are the largest barrier to nest establishment, as they removed over 90% ofP. colei females placed in trunk trails or that entered host nests. Males and females ofP. colei andP. anergismus, the only other congeneric inquiline species, are diminutive compared to their hosts, with females 30% lighter than host workers. Fat content is lower and water content is higher inP. colei andP. anergismus females than in their hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01253957
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual ant diet:Cataglyphis floricola feeding on petals (1996)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 43 (1996), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Cataglyphis floricola ; diet ; food resources ; petal consumption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary C. floricola is an endemic species from the southern Iberian Peninsula which collects large amounts ofHalimium halimifolium petals. Laboratory and field observations confirm that both workers and larvae feed on these petals, which represent an important food resource forC. floricola colonies. This petal consumption is a very unusual ant diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01253960
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyethism within hunters of the ponerine ant,Ectatomma ruidum Roger (Formicidae, Ponerinae) (1996)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 43 (1996), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Predation ; polyethism ; food exchange ; behavioral flexibility ; Ectatomma ruidum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary During laboratory experiments, two categories of prey-foraging workers were found inEctatomma ruidum: stingers and transporters. When numerous live drosophila were offered to the ants, one group of hunters specialized in killing the prey and another in transporting simultaneously the dead drosophila to the nest. Sometimes, there was a transfer of prey by a stinger towards a transporter, after an active soliciting of the transporter by antennation or by using the forelegs. We found high positive correlations between the colony size and the number of ants in each subcaste. A negative correlation existed between the colony size and the proportion of hunters. However, the proportion of workers in the two behavioral subcastes of hunters was stable in spite of differences in colony size. The phylogenetic interest of this type of cooperative predation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242563
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resource choice of social wasps: influence of presence, size and species of resident wasps (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words:Vespula, Polistes, Vespidae, foraging, resource choice.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The role of visual cues provided by resident wasps on resource choice by yellowjacket and paper wasp foragers was investigated. Large spring queen yellowjackets and small early season yellowjacket foragers (Vespula germanica, Vespula maculifrons, and Vespula vidua) were extracted in hexane to remove odors and posed as though feeding at petri dish feeders bearing daisy-like flower models, equipped with microcapillary feeding tubes, and containing 1:3 honey:water solution. An array of five feeders was presented to foragers at a suburban and a woodland site in Saratoga Springs, New York. The visual cues provided by resident wasps influenced resource choice by approaching social wasp foragers. Vespula germanica, an introduced yellowjacket species that tends to dominate at rich resources, was the only wasp visiting the suburban feeders. Foragers of this species preferentially fed on feeders and flowers with posed wasps and fed most often next to large wasps. Polistes fuscatus foragers at the woodland site similarly preferred to feed on occupied feeders and flowers. Vespula maculifrons and V. consobrina preferentially visited unoccupied feeders. Individual V. maculifrons, V. consobrina and V. vidua foragers that landed on occupied feeders all preferentially visited unoccupied flowers on those feeders. Vespula vidua and V. flavopilosa foragers did not demonstrate a feeder preference based on the presence/absence of posed wasps. Vespula consobrina foragers that visited occupied feeders preferred those occupied by extracted V. maculifrons queens and workers; no other wasps showed species based landing preferences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050123
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paternity and maternity frequencies in Apis mellifera sicula (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 137-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Mating frequency, polyandry, Apis mellifera sicula, honey bees, microsatellite.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Honey bee queens have been shown to mate with a high number of males, but the evolutionary advantage of this high degree of polyandry is still unclear. Mating data from a number of different Apis species and subspecies are needed to help explain polyandry in honey bees. Pupae of four colonies of Apis mellifera sicula from Sicily were genotyped on three polymorphic microsatellite loci. The genotypes of the queens and fathering drones from these colonies were deduced from the genotypes of the pupae. We found no evidence for polygyny, at least we can exclude more than one functional queen, even super-sister queens, if maternity contributions are equal. The four queens mated with at least 5 to 12 (mean: 9.3 ± 3.0 SE) drones. We estimate the error in our determination of the mating frequency that is caused by limited genetic resolution of the marker loci to be less than 1 mating given that Hardy-Weinberg assumptions are satisfied. However, the drones the single queens mated with may be a non-random sample of the whole population, so that detection error may be more severe. The average pedigree relatedness among workers within the colonies was estimated to be 0.341. These results are within the range of those found in other A. mellifera subspecies and Apis species except A. dorsata. We speculate that mating frequency may be positively correlated with drone density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050124
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Worker size variation and the evolution of an ant-plant mutualism: Comparative morphometrics of workers of two closely related plant-ants, Petalomyrmex phylax and Aphomomyrmex afer (Formicinae) (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Worker polymorphism, ant-plant interaction, mutualism, morphometrics.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: We compared intranidal variation in worker size in the two closely related plant-ants Aphomomyrmex afer and Petalomyrmex phylax. Each of these genera is monotypic, and the two appear to be sister species among extant ants. Workers of A. afer are larger on average and exhibit much greater intranidal size variation. Workers of P. phylax are smaller and much less variable in size. Both species show weak allometry for some pairs of characters. Head shape is also different in workers of the two species. We discuss these differences in relation to the ecology of A. afer and P. phylax, and propose a scenario for the evolutionary divergence of worker morphology in these two species. Based on comparisons of these two monotypic genera with related ants, we suggest that reduced intranidal variation in worker size is a derived trait in Petalomyrmex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050129
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nestmate recognition in the stingless bee Melipona panamica (Apidae, Meliponini) (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 208-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words:Melipona panamica, stingless bees, Apidae, nestmate recognition, worker oviposition.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Nestmate recognition was studied in the Neotropical stingless bee Melipona panamica, a species in which workers “sneak” their own reproductive eggs into 1 % of brood cells. We manipulated four factors that could influence individual recognition cues: the mother queen, the environment during the immature stage, the environment during the early adult stage, and worker age. We also simulated the action of natural enemies on colonies tested for discrimination of such worker characteristics. All factors that we tested affected responses of the discriminating workers, which could recognize sisters, nieces and unrelated workers. Previous exposure of unrelated callow bees to the odor of the host nest greatly increased chances of acceptance by the host colony. Probability of acceptance decreased, however, with increasing age of introduced bees or increasing disturbance of the host colony. These complexities in patterns of nestmate recognition and nest defense are adequately explained from the standpoint of inclusive fitness of the discriminating workers. Differences in nestmate recognition and worker egg laying among Meliponini are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050136
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polygyny via unrelated queens indicated by mitochondrial DNA variation in the Australian meat ant Iridomyrmex purpureus (1997)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 44 (1997), S. 7-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Mitochondrial DNA, restriction site polymorphism, meat ants, Iridomyrmex purpureus, polygyny.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The Australian meat ant Iridomyrmex purpureus is known from observations and allozyme surveys to have a high proportion of mature colonies polygynous, but very few incipient ones. Sixteen colonies in the vicinity of Maryborough, Victoria, revealed four mtDNA restriction site haplotypes. One of these nests presented two different haplotypes; given the haplotype frequencies, this result suggests that a high proportion of mature nests contain unrelated queens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050018
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nesting biology of the mangrove mud-nesting ant Polyrhachis sokolova Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in northern Australia (1997)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 44 (1997), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Mangrove, ants, Polyrhachis sokolova, nest, inundation, foraging.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The nest sites of the mud-nesting ant Polyrhachis sokolova were studied in Darwin Harbour mangroves. They were found from the Ceriops tagal zone to the Rhizophora stylosa zone at elevations ranging from 7.22 to 5.99 meters above the lowest astronomical tide (LAT), which means that the nests were inundated in 13‐61% of all high tides and for durations of up to 3.5 hours. The nest structure was studied by excavating nests and making a cast of the galleries using polyurethane foam. The nests were quite extensive, normally with two elevated nest entrances and galleries down to depths of 45 cm. The loose soil particles at the nest entrances collapsed when the tide reached them and formed a stopper which prevented water from intruding into the nest. In this way, the galleries remained dry during high tide. The ants showed a clear swimming or "walking on the surface" behaviour when they returned to the nest just before the entrance collapsed and during ebb. The tolerance of the ants to submergence was tested in the laboratory, with 50% mortality after 11 hours submergence in seawater at 23 °C, and only 3.5 hours in water at 33 °C. Therefore, the nesting behaviour with trapped air in the galleries is necessary for survival in these environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050026
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of ant assemblages (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) on serpentine and non-serpentine soils in northern California (1997)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 44 (1997), S. 23-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Diversity, chaparral, Formicidae, inventory methods, serpentine.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: In northern California, ant assemblages in 8 sites in serpentine chaparral habitat were compared with those occurring in 8 chaparral sites on adjacent non-serpentine soils. A total of 27 species of ants was found: 22 species were collected in non-serpentine chaparral and 20 species in serpentine chaparral. Seven species were collected exclusively in non-serpentine, and 5 species were found only in serpentine habitats. A Formica species, conspecific with or closely related to F. xerophila, was found only in serpentine chaparral. Subsequent collections suggest that in northern California, this species is confined to serpentine outcrops. Two other species significantly differed in frequency of occurrence in each habit:Camponotus hyatti, C. cf. vicinus. Five species showed marginal significant differences in their relative abundance between habitats:Camponotus hyatti, C. cf. vicinus, Formica moki, Prenolepis imparis, Leptothorax nevadensis, Stenamma diecki.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050027
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colony foraging in different species of stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponinae) and the regulation of individual nectar foraging (1997)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 44 (1997), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Foraging activity, Meliponinae, Melipona favosa, M. fasciata, M. beecheii, Tetragonisca angustula.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: For Melipona fasciata, M. beecheii, M. favosa and Tetragonisca angustula we found distinct intergeneric differences in foraging activity patterns. The Melipona species had a longer daily foraging activity period than T. angustula. Pollen foraging patterns of the Melipona species were different from that of T. angustula: Melipona collect pollen earlier in the day. In an experimental habitat without competitors, Melipona favosa did not collect pollen very early in the day. ¶Individually marked returning foragers demonstrated in the course of the day distinct differences in nature and frequency of interactions with nest mates. Individual foraging flight frequency was lower and the intranidal transfer of nectar was delayed when syrup of a lower concentration was offered. ¶The regulation of daily foraging activity patterns and the nectar foraging behaviour of individual worker bees are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050028
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of plant growth on the mounds of the termite Coptotermes lacteus Froggatt (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 366-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Termites, nest construction, plant growth suppression, plant abundance.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Termites invest considerable time and energy constructing elaborate mounds out of clay, sand, silt, excreta and saliva, which they defend vigorously against predators and parasites. Termite mounds are fertile and potentially attractive resources for plants, which may threaten the stability of the mound. Field surveys at Boola Boola Forest in SE Australia revealed significantly higher abundance and diversity of vascular plants growing on uninhabited than inhabited mounds of the termite Coptotermes lacteus. These data reveal that the presence of termites affects the establishment and growth of vegetation. Germination experiments indicate that plant growth suppression is not chemically mediated but rather is due to the impenetrable nature of the mound surface. Analyses of soil types suggests that termite workers may choose particular clay minerals for mound construction, which enhances surface impenetrability and thus increases the engineered integrity of the mound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050158
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive schedule and factors affecting soldier production in the eusocial bamboo aphid Pseudoregma bambucicola (Homoptera, Aphididae) (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 378-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Eusocial aphids, Pseudoregma bambucicola, resource allocation, soldier investment, reproductive schedule.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The reproductive characteristics of the soldier-producing aphid Pseudoregma bambucicola were studied in Kagoshima, Southern Japan, to know the factors affecting soldier production of eusocial aphids. The soldier proportion in aphid colonies was highest from October to November. In some large colonies, soldiers were observed in all seasons except in July when colony size was relatively small. Multiple regression analysis showed that the colony size was a principal factor affecting soldier proportion throughout a year. Other social or environmental factors such as aphid composition, host plant conditions and predator abundance were not always significant. Rearing experiments revealed that large colonies (≥1,000 individuals) produced soldiers in almost all seasons while small colonies (〈1,000) never produced any soldiers. The caste-production schedule of adult females was examined in the field. When solitary females produced both castes, they usually produced normal nymphs first and then soldiers. Females from large colonies tended to produce more soldiers in the earlier period of their lifetime, whereas females from newly established small colonies produced no or only a few soldiers at later times. The average number of soldiers and normal nymphs produced consecutively by a single female was 〉10 and 〉20, respectively. Because they have a small number of ovarioles (〈15 on average), females should alter caste production within the same ovarioles according to changes in environmental conditions. Artificial removal or introduction of predators and reduction of colony size did not affect soldier production over two successive generations, revealing maternal effects on soldier production. Females cannot shift caste production quickly in response to changes in predator abundance and colony size. This is probably due to early developmental determination of castes within the mother's body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050160
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field survey of a monogynous leptothoracine ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) evidence of seasonal polydomy ? (1997)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 44 (1997), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Leptothorax, colony size, demography, polydomy, Formicidae.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: 484 nests of Leptothorax tuberointerruptus were collected from a coastal limestone grassland community in Dorset, England, over a 16 month period from February 1992 to May 1993. Behavioural observations and dissections of females strongly suggested that the nests were obligately monogynous. Electrophoretic data also suggested that within most nests all the workers shared the same mother and father. Counts of nest contents revealed temporary but dramatic drops in both worker and queen numbers per nest in May—June 1992. Seasonal polydomy is postulated to be the cause of this variation. Such dramatic variation highlights the importance of sampling over as much space and time as possible if premature conclusions about colony demography are to be avoided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050031
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Explosive food recruitment as a competitive strategy in the ant Myrmica sabuleti(Hymenoptera, Formicidae) (1997)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 44 (1997), S. 59-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Ants, foraging, interspecific competition, Myrmica sabuleti, Formica fusca.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Myrmica sabuleti forms mature colonies of about one thousand workers and a few queens. Although living in dry and sunny biotopes, this species avoids foraging during the warmer hours of the day which correspond to the period of the maximum foraging activity of two sympatric species, Formica fusca and F. cunicularia. M. sabuleti is the most frequently observed species on the extrafloral nectaries of Vicia sativa, even during the warmer hours of the day, whereas F. fusca is the most frequent species during those hours at tubes of 1M sucrose solutions placed on the ground. In spite of this temporal segregation, the foraging activity of M. sabuleti and F. fusca overlaps two times a day (10:00‐11:00 am and 5:00‐8:00 pm). Newly discovered large food sources are exploited by M. sabuleti through an explosively increasing recruitment, whereas workers of F. fusca forage mainly individually. Interference between M. sabuleti and F. fusca was studied when offering sucrose solutions, large dead insects unretrievable by individual foragers of either species (cockroaches), medium-sized insects retrievable by single foragers of F. fusca but not by single M. sabuleti(larvae of Calliphora erythrocephala) and small insects (Drosophila) retrievable by individual foragers of both species. Owing to its rapid recruitment, M. sabuleti is able to displace F. fusca from sucrose solution and large dead prey during the overlaping of the activity cycles of both species. When medium-sized corpses are offered, the issue depends on the speed of the events. F. fusca is able to take the prey away only if it discovers it before M. sabuleti has recruited nestmates. Small dead prey do not lead to interference, but is taken by the first worker that finds it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050023
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nest-founding behavior induced in the first descendants ofPolistes dominulus Christ (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) colonies (1995)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 42 (1995), S. 385-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Polistes wasps ; nest founding ; workers ; behavioral flexibility ; hibernation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary First descendants' founding ability was tested inP. dominulus colonies by experimentally removing the original nests and queens 21–24 days after the first emergence. Foundation tests were carried out after three different periods had elapsed after the removal and the results were analyzed with regards to the effects of participation in social tasks, duration of stay within the colony and seasonal factors. 1.Immediately after the removal, the foundations that occurred were performed almost entirely by workers, regardless of the duration of their stay within the colony. The number of foundations depended on the season in which the females had emerged. 2.Two months and four months after the removal, foundations were made by only a small number of females (workers and non-workers). These females, which were therefore able to found a nest the year they were born, were mostly among the very first-born individuals in the colonies. 3.The following year after hibernation: females (workers and non-workers) which had stayed for only a short time within the colony (1–15 days) had the highest survival rates. The foundation rates among the surviving females depended only on seasonal factors, since the foundation rates were higher among the non-workers which had emerged later in the season. The results throw some light on the first descendants' nest-founding potential in colonies developing under natural conditions, where many workers in fact stay for only a short time at the nest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242167
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foraging organization of the open-air processional lichenfeeding termite Hospitalitermes (Isoptera, Termitidae) in Borneo (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 17-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Caste-ratio dynamics, division of labor, foraging frequency, open-air foraging, social behavior.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The temporal dynamics and social interaction in the foraging activities of the open-air processional termite Hospitalitermes (Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae) were studied in Borneo, Southeast Asia. H. medioflavus and H. sp. A tended to forage from evening to the next morning. On average foraging activity occurred every 3.2 days. Some synchronization of foraging events among colonies was observed, which appeared to be caused by rainfall levels.¶ Temporal dynamics during foraging activity was observed in detail using a photographic method for two species; H. medioflavus and H. rufus. Roughly 300,000 to 500,000 individuals participated in a single foraging event in both species. The soldier ratio was highest at the beginning and the end of the activity. Temporal patterns of behavior were different between soldier, major worker, medium worker and minor worker during foraging. The patterns of behavior are consistent with their tasks in the foraging activity. Soldiers lead the foraging column and protect it, major workers act as food carriers in the earlier stage while medium workers become the dominant food ball carriers in the later stage, and minor workers play the role of gnawers. Therefore, caste composition changes during foraging activity. Similar behavioral tendencies were recognized in both species. Measurement of workers' body weights revealed that workers not only carry balls of food from foraging sites but also feed directly at the foraging sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050065
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nesting site selection by wasps in the Guianese rain forest (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Wasps, nesting sites, palm trees, Astrocaryum sciophilum, French Guiana.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: In the edge of the rain forests in French Guiana, the large leaves of young Astrocaryum sciophilum, a palm tree with long thin spines (up to 9 cm) along their central vein, shelter significantly more mason as well as social wasps' nests, than leaves of other plants. Other such plants include older conspecific individuals with spines, but compound leaves, and young Bactris simplifrons, a palm tree with similar leaves but devoid of spines. The choice of these leaves is due to the association of two factors: (1) these large leaves with a concave underside offer good protection against inclement weather, and (2) the spines on which the wasps' nests are anchored serve as "acquired pedicels", offering protection against ant predation. As a consequence, the wasps' nests are found under these leaves in both inter- and intraspecific clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050066
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra- and interspecific agonism in Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and R. virginicus (Banks) and effects of arena and group size in laboratory assays (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae, Reticulitermes, agonistic behavior.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Displays of intraspecific and interspecific overt agonistic behavior between colonies of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and colonies of Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks) were observed in laboratory assays. All possible combinations of arena sizes (1.3, 3.5, 6.0, and 9.0-cm) and group sizes (1, 2, 5 and 10 workers per arena) were assessed for effects on interspecific and intraspecific agonism. Agonistic behavior was scored positive in arenas if half or less of the starting number of termites was alive after 24h. Thirty-six percent of arenas with interspecific pairings were agonistic in all combinations tested while 4.5 % of arenas with intraspecific combinations showed aggression (N = 544 and N = 288, respectively). Two interspecific pairings provided scores that were not statistically different from intraspecific combinations. These assays indicate that evidence of overt agonism between worker termites from these two Rhinotermitid species is not a reliable indicator to differentiate species. Encounters in the two larger arena sizes resulted in significantly more agonism than the two smaller arena sizes. Group size had little apparent effect on the frequency of positive agonistic interactions. Possible reasons for the variable overt agonism scores are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050067
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological factors promoting the evolution of colony defense in aphids: computer simulations (1996)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 43 (1996), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Colony defense ; sterile soldiers ; aphids ; galls ; simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Colony defense has been reported in a limited number of species of aphids. This paper examines which life-historical traits have promoted the evolution of colony defense using two kinds of deterministic simulation models. These models postulate that first-instar larvae can counterattack predators and that the duration of this instar stage is a variable, subject to selection. Prolonging the first-instar span increases the proportion of defenders in the colony, while it results in a delay in reproduction. By calculating the optimal first-instar span, the optimal defensive effort of a colony under various ecological conditions could be estimated. Simulations based on the general model, which regards the number of adults maturing in a period as performance, predicted that a lower birthrate leads to a longer first-instar span (larger investment in defense). This condition also allowed the evolution of dimorphism in the first-instar span, which may ultimately result in the appearance of soldiers. Where birthrate declines with time, the first-instar span was predicted to be prolonged in later stages. Colony duration had little influence on the optimal first-instar span if the season is long enough to repeat generations. The galling-aphid model that assumes a fixed number of generations predicted that a longer duration of colonies leads to a longer first-instar span, but that birthrate has little influence on the optimal first-instar span. A tendency in defense reported in pemphigid aphids was consistent with the prediction from the galling-aphid model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01253951
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of temperature on the architecture and distribution of Macrotermes bellicosus (Isoptera, Macrotermitinae) mounds in different habitats of a West African Guinea savanna (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 51-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Gallery forest, Ivory Coast, savanna, termites, thermoregulation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: We determined density and distribution of the mounds of the fungus-cultivating termite Macrotermes bellicosus (Smeathman) in two habitats (shrub savanna and gallery forest) of the Comoé National Park (Ivory Coast, West Africa). We measured height, basal width, and interior and exterior temperatures of mounds in both habitats, and established a new method to measure the surface area of mounds.¶ In the shrub savanna, M. bellicosus mounds reached high densities (up to 22.7 live mounds/ha), whereas in the gallery forest mounds could only be found in open stands and at comparatively low densities (up to 6.5 live mounds/ha).¶ Ambient temperature had an important influence on the architecture of the mounds. Mounds in the warmer, but thermally more fluctuating shrub savanna were more structured with many ridges and turrets than the dome-like, compact mounds in the cooler, more equable gallery forest. The surface complexity was quantified as the ratio of surface (= rsf), which is the quotient of the real surface to the minimal possible surface of an ideal cone of the same height and basal width as the measured mound. By manipulating ambient temperatures, we were able to demonstrate causal relationships between temperature and mound shape. In the gallery forest, where shade was reduced surface complexity increased on mounds.¶Despite their different architecture in the gallery forest, the M. bellicosus colonies could not completely compensate for the cooler environment and had a lower than optimal nest temperature. We speculate that this might be caused by the need for a sufficient surface for gas exchange. The gallery forest is a suboptimal habitat for M. bellicosus, because of lower than optimal nest temperatures. This might limit M. bellicosus to open stands in the gallery forest and may explain its surprisingly low abundance in this habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050068
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Size-dimorphism in the queens of the North American ant Leptothorax rugatulus (Emery) (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 67-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Size polymorphism, microgynes, reproductive strategies, dispersal.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: With recent findings of an unexpected variability in the reproductive behaviour of ant sexuals, their morphology has become an area of major evolutionary interest (Heinze and Tsuji, 1995). Here we report on the occurrence of two queen morphs in Leptothorax rugatulus (Hym., Formicidae): Microgynes (small queens), exceeding worker-size only marginally, and macrogynes, which are, typically for the subgenus Myrafant, about twice as big as their workers. The frequency distribution of queen-size is clearly bimodal, in contrast to worker- and male-size. The average size of queens is highly correlated with the size of daughters in field-collected colonies, whereas within colonies no correlation between the average queen-size and the size of workers or males exists. This gives additional support that size-dimorphism is due to a specific, transmissible size reduction of the microgynes which could be based on genetics, the environment or both. This reduction is quasi-isometric, with a slightly smaller thorax-to-head ratio in microgynes, and scanning electron microscopy does not reveal any significant degeneration of the pterothorax, ocelli or number of ommatidia. The frequency of microgynes at different sample sites is highly variable, correlating well with the prevailing social structure in the respective subpopulations. Indeed, the majority of macrogynes is found in monogynous colonies, while microgynes abound in polygynous ones, which is strong evidence for an alternative dispersal tactic. However, the expected correlation to altitude or latitude was not found and further investigations are needed to reveal proximate and ultimate causes of this prevalent polymorphism between two types of female ant reproductives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050069
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical communication during foraging in the harvesting ant Messor capitatus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Chemical communication, Dufour's gland, recruitment, trail following, Messor capitatus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Some aspects of the chemical communication system employed by the harvesting ant Messor capitatus during foraging were investigated in the laboratory. After locating a conspicuous food item the scouts return home dragging their gaster on the ground. Once inside the nest they run among nestmates and perform an excited motor display. Soon after, groups of workers rush out and move towards the food. Bioassays of different gland extracts showed that nestmates are activated and induced to leave the nest by substances from Dufour's gland. This gland was also found to be the source of the orientation-recruitment trails by which foragers reach newly discovered food sources. The bioassays showed that poison gland extracts are also active in inducing trail following. However, this response was accompanied by typical aggressive reactions by tested ants, suggesting that the poison gland is involved in alarm communication and recruitment towards a source of danger rather than in foraging activities. Some features of the Dufour's gland trail (such as its durability and lack of colony-specificity) are discussed with regard to the ecological requirements of this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050071
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercastes, intermorphs, and ergatoid queens: who is who in ant reproduction? (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 113-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Leptothorax, Formicoxenini, ergatoid queens, intermorphic queens, intercastes, morphology.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The terminology for ant females which are morphologically intermediate between “normal”, originally winged queens and workers teems with ill-defined terms, such as “ergatogyne”, “apterogyne”, or “gynaecoid worker”. The terminology proposed by Peeters (1991a) gets rid of most of these terms but fails to distinguish between sporadically occurring “intercastes”, reared due to “mistakes” in caste differentiation, and “intermorphic queens”, which are the ordinary female reproductives in many colonies of formicoxenine ants. A detailed examination of development, morphology, and occurrence of the latter suggests that intermorphic queens are more similar to ergatoid queens (sensu Peeters, 1991a) than to “intercastes”, and should not be comprised under the latter term.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050073
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demography and relatedness in multiple-foundress nests of the social sweat bee, Halictus ligatus (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 97-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Halictidae, pleometrosis, social evolution.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Female sweat bees in the species Halictus ligatus exhibit a wide range of reproductive roles, ranging from typically foundress or queen-like to typically worker-like. Nests are founded in spring and most are haplometrotic, that is, founded by a single foundress. A few (up to 12 %) are pleometrotic, founded by 2-6 foundresses. Variation in the proportion of multifoundress nests from year to year and from place to place suggests an adaptive basis for pleometrosis. We studied the demographic and social characteristics of 23 pleometrotic nests in an aggregation of 250-300 nests near Victoria, Ontario, in 1984, 1990, and 1991. In pleometrotic associations, dominant foundresses behaved in a manner typical of mid-summer, haplometrotic queens, while subordinates behaved like mid-summer workers. Dominant foundresses tended to be larger than subordinates. Pleometrotic nests were significantly more likely than haplometrotic nests to produce brood, and they also produced more workers. However, this early advantage did not result in the production of more reproductive brood per nest, nor did pleometrotic foundresses experience higher productivity per foundress than did haplometrotic foundresses. Relatively low relatedness among various categories of brood implied that subordinate foundresses were not closely related to dominants. We suggest that pleometrosis most likely results from accidental encounters between spring foundresses as they leave their hibernacula. Once formed, such associations confer a survival advantage on the nest as a whole, but do not result in greater reproductive brood productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050072
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonial life versus solitary life in Cyrtophora citricola (Araneae, Araneidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Life history, kleptoparasitism, interspecific relationships, sociality, spiders.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Among spiders, some species could be qualified as colonial. Individuals may live alone or in colonies where each spider exploits its own capture web in a communal network. We compared solitary with colonial life in Cyrtophora female populations from South-East Sicily in 1992 and 1993. We used 6 parameters to describe and compare the populations: spider size, web size, egg production, prey captured, presence of kleptoparasites and their size.¶ Spiders living in colonies did not differ in size from solitary spiders.¶ The webs of colonial spiders were smaller than those of solitary spiders.¶ The number of prey captured and their size did not differ between the two types of spiders.¶ Solitary spiders produced more eggs than colonial individuals.¶ Kleptoparasite spiders Argyrodes gibbosus were more numerous in the webs of solitary spiders than in the webs of colonial spiders and there were more solitary webs infested by kleptoparasites in 1992. The kleptoparasites were larger in colonial webs than in solitary ones. Another species of spider, Holocnemus pulchei, spun its own web in the network of the web of Cyrtophora. The number of Holocnemus per web did not differ between solitary and colonial Cyrtophora.¶ Results are discussed by referring to what it is known in other temporarily social spiders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050074
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Latency time and absence of group effect (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Group effect, latency time, fungus-growing termites, building behavior, bees, aggressiveness.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: We suggest that group effect need not be invoked to explain the differences in latency times exhibited by groups of different sizes in the initiation of building in the termite Macrotermes subhyalinus (Rambur). A simple, alternative, model is presented, that is fully consistent with experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050079
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Queen and colony odour in the multiple nest ant species, Cataglyphis iberica (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 301-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words:Cataglyphis, worker odour, queen odour, Formicidae, polydomy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: We investigated the queen's effect on the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of workers in the monogynous and polydomous species Cataglyphis iberica. Within each of the three colonies tested, workers were separated for three months in queenright and queenless groups. After regrouping, nestmate recognition remained unchanged but the duration of antennal interactions between workers previously separated increased relative to controls. Separated groups presented slightly divergent cuticular hydrocarbon profiles which may induce the longer antennations. A quantitative analysis of major cuticular hydrocarbons showed that the total amount per unit of cuticular surface area remains similar between the two castes; but queens had higher quantities of n-alkanes than workers. The lack of a queen did not affect the workers' cuticular hydrocarbon profile in queenless groups. Indeed, the profile of queenless workers remained significantly different from the queen profile as did that of queenright workers. These results show that queens are not at the origin of the hydrocarbons' colonial profile. Two recognition processes seem to coexist within C.iberica colonies: nestmate discrimination based on the colonial odour which includes all nestmate workers, and a queen caste-specific odour. In a polydomous species such as C.iberica, the queen does not seem to contribute more than any other nestmate to the colonial odour, which probably derives from worker cues, confirming the existence of a "Gestalt" colonial odour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050090
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The number of castes in ants, where major is smaller than minor and queens wear the shield of the soldiers (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 315-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Soldier, caste, evolution, ants.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The traditional hypothesis that ant soldiers originate from large size workers is rejected in favour of their direct origin from gynes. This conclusion is supported by the first report of soldiers smaller than workers, by an intercaste morphometric comparative analysis by means of D'Arcy Thompson's transformation grids and by phylogenetic studies on Cephalotes showing that the cephalic shield appeared ancestrally among soldiers and only later among gynes. The same conclusion flows from facts already known but hitherto misunderstood and stressed in this paper such as: 1) there are species of Cephalotes with soldiers with incomplete cephalic shield and no gyne shield and other species with complete soldier shield but only incomplete gyne shield; 2) the phragmotic behaviour is exercised by workers and soldiers and not by gynes but its morphological correlate, i.e., the shield-shaped head, occurs among soldiers and gynes and not in workers. These observations prove that the selection pressure for the shield morphology acts on workers and soldiers and not on gynes but its morphological correlate actually appears first in soldiers, later in gynes and never in workers. These data sharply contrast with a worker origin of soldiers and are perfectly consistent with the hypothesis of a separate origin of soldiers directly from gynes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050091
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of sociality in the allodapine bees: a review of sex allocation, ecology and evolution (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 349-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Social evolution, sex allocation, kin selection, comparative studies, Exoneura, Apidae.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Comparative studies provide one of the most powerful means of assessing the relative roles of selective agents underlying social evolution in insects. Because of the wide variation in social organisation, sex allocation and ecological traits within and between species of allodapine bees, this group provides a wealth of material for such comparative work. Recent studies on Australian allodapine bees are reviewed here and their consequences for understanding social evolution are discussed. Studies to date suggest the following trends: (i) benefits of group living appear to be linked to preventing brood failure rather than to increased brood rearing efficiency; (ii) female-biased sex allocation, when it occurs, is linked to benefits of group living and kinship among nestmates, and is probably mediated via local fitness enhancement; (iii) female-biased sex allocation patterns do not usually coincide with opportunities for sib-rearing and are therefore unlikely to facilitate eusociality; (iv) relatedness within colonies is usually high, but in some species females will nest with unrelated females if kin are not available; and (v) phylogenetic studies suggest that opportunities for sib-rearing, arising from brood development patterns and colony phenology, are plesiomorphic for the exoneurine group, but in at least one phylogenetically distal clade, Exoneura sensu stricto, the evolution of large group size and social complexity coincides with the loss or reduction of opportunities for sib-rearing. Assured fitness return models may be applicable to weakly social allodapine species, but do not predict patterns of eusociality. Instead, Australian studies suggest that the evolution of large group size and marked reproductive skew is linked with the need to defend against enemies at the nest, rather than high levels of relatedness, female biased sex allocation or opportunities to rear siblings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050095
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-duration feedings and caste differentiation in Bombus terrestris larvae (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 315-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words:Bombus terrestris, bumble bee, larval feeding, caste differentiation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The duration of feedings received by Bombus terrestris larvae was studied using video-recordings. In the last days of development all larvae received feedings mainly of long duration. Worker larvae of the third brood received significantly longer feedings than worker larvae reared in the other broods. Throughout the development queen larvae and worker larvae received feedings of similar duration. Male larvae received shorter feedings than both kinds of female larvae. Therefore, the duration of feedings seems to be associated to the sex and stage of development of the larvae.¶The causes of the long-duration feedings seem not to be related to the amount of food provided, workers' age and size, to the workers' abdominal contraction or to the amount of pollen in the larval food. Perhaps the feeding duration is caused by the viscosity of the food, which is a consequence of the presence of pollen grains, sugar and glandular material. Although the precise amount of pollen was not measured, the differences in colour showed clearly that the larval food samples contained variable quantities of pollen grains. Some of the samples did not contain any pollen at all.¶It is suggested that the duration of feedings may be related (among other factors) to the presence of glandular material (proteins and enzymes) which is added to the larval food. This could be especially important for queen larvae in the last phase of their development. Because they have a long development and are fed with a high frequency they might receive large amounts of these substances. This could help them to grow more efficiently using a relatively smaller amount of pollen than expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050151
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural development and abdomen inflation of gynes and newly mated queens of Melipona beecheii (Apidae, Meliponinae) (1999)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 46 (1999), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Pre-mating behaviour, gyne, abdomen enlargement, Melipona beecheii, stingless bee.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The behaviour of gynes of Melipona beecheii in queen-deprived colonies was studied. The period after emergence until acceptance is characterized by agonistic behaviour of workers towards the gynes. The gynes escaped from this worker aggression by hiding in the periphery of the nest, by performing rapid turn-arounds once grabbed by a worker, and "feigning death". Between acceptance and nuptial flight, gynes spent most of their time in pushing, hiding, and antennal contact with workers, and self-grooming or food solicitation. After the nuptial flight the queen's behavioural repertoire shifted to less pushing and food solicitation, to an increase in standing, tapping and antennal contact.¶Accepted gynes had a significantly more prolonged abdomen inflation than gynes that were eliminated.¶An hypothesis is presented to explain how abdomen enlargement and behavioural development influences the acceptance of gynes and the establishment of a dominance relation with workers under queenless conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050157
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damage to coastal villages due to the 1992 Flores Island earthquake tsunami (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 481-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Coastal damage due to tsunamis ; coeismic crustal motion ; aftershock area ; secondary tsunamis by induced landslides ; short arrival time of tsunami ; liquefaction ; sand blow ; relationship between tsunami height and ratio of mortality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A field survey of the 1992 Flores Island earthquake tsunami was conducted during December 29, 1992 to January 5, 1993 along the north coast of the eastern part of Flores Island. We visited over 40 villages, measured tsunami heights, and interviewed the inhabitants. It was clarified that the first wave attacked the coast within five minutes at most of the surveyed villages. The crust was uplifted west of the Cape of Batumanuk, and subsided east of it. In the residential area of Wuring, which is located on a sand spit with ground height of 2 meters, most wooden houses built on stilts collapsed and 87 people were killed even though the tsunami height reached only 3.2 meters. In the two villages on Babi Island, the tsunami swept away all wooden houses and killed 263 of 1,093 inhabitants. Tsunami height at Riang-Kroko village on the northeastern end of Flores Island reached 26.2 meters and 137 of the 406 inhabitants were killed by the tsumani. Evidence of landslides was detected at a few points on the coast of Hading Bay, and the huge tsunami was probably formed by earthquake-induced landslides. The relationship between tsunami height and mortality was checked for seven villages. The efficiencies of trees arranged in front of coastal villages, and coral reefs in dissipating the tsunami energy are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874380
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory experiments of tsunami runup on a circular island (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 569-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Tsunamis ; tsunami runup ; laboratory experiments ; physical models ; three-dimensional models ; tsunami simulation ; solitary waves ; wavemakers ; tsunami evolution ; instrumentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory experiments of a 7.2-m-diameter conical island were conducted to study three-dimensional tsunami runup. The 62.5-cm tall island had 1 on 4 side slopes and was positioned in the center of a 30-m-wide by 25-m-long flat-bottom basin. Solitary waves with height-to-depth ratios ranging from 0.05 to 0.20 and “source” lengths ranging from 0.30 to 7.14 island diameters were tested in water depths of 32 and 42 cm. Twenty-seven capacitance wave gages were used to measure surface wave elevations at incident and four radial transects on the island slope. Maximum vertical runup measurements were made at 20 locations around the perimeter of the island using rod and transit. A new runup gage was located on the back or lee side of the island to record runup time series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874384
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field survey of the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki earthquake tsunami (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 649-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Tsunami ; runup ; arrival time ; edge wave ; Japan Sea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Runup data in Hokkaido and in three prefectures in the Tohoku District are described with a few witnessed arrival times and with comments of tide records. The highest runup of 31.7 m was found at the bottom of a narrow valley on the west coast of Okushiri Island. In order to explain high runups of 20 m at Hamatsumae in the sheltered area, roles of edge waves, refraction of the Okushiri Spur and tsunami generation by causes other than the major fault motion should be understood. An early arrival of the tsunami on the west coast of Hokkaido suggests another tsunami generation mechanism in addition to the major fault motion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874388
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling relations for seismic events induced by mining (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 191-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Induced seismicity ; scaling relations ; self-similar behavior ; P- andS-wave corner frequencies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The values of seismic moment andS-wave corner frequency from 1575 seismic events induced in South African, Canadian, Polish, and German underground mines were collected to study their scaling relations. The values ofP-wave corner frequency from 649 events were also available. Seismic moments of these events range from 5*103 to 2*1015 N·m (moment magnitude is from −3.6 to 4.1), theS-wave corner frequency ranges from 0.7 to 4438 Hz, and theP-wave corner frequency is between 5 and 4010 Hz. The slope of a regression line between the logarithm ofS- andP-wave corner frequencies is equal to one, and the corner frequencies ofP waves are higher than those ofS waves on the average by about 25 percent. In studies of large and moderate earthquakes it has been found that stress drop is approximately independent of the seismic moment, which means that seismic moment is inversely proportional to the third power of corner frequency. Such a behavior was confirmed for most of the data considered here. A breakdown in the similarity betwen large and small events seems to occur for the events with moment magnitude below −2.5. The average values of seismic moment referred to the same range of corner frequency, however, are vastly different in various mining areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878631
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of rupture length vs. moment for synthetic earthquakes (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 211-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Mass-spring model ; seismic moment ; earthquake moment ; rupture length ; fractal ; velocity-dependent friction law
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract From the events synthesized from the one-dimensional dynamical mass-spring model proposed byBurridge andKnopoff (1967), the relation between rupture length Δ and earthquake momentM is studied for various model parameters. The earthquake moment is defined to be the total displacement of a connected set of mass elements which slide during an event. A parameter stiffness ratios is defined as the ratio of the spring constant between the two mass elements to that between one mass element and the moving plate. The velocity-dependent friction law (including weakening and hardening processes) is taken to control the sliding of a mass element. The distribution of the breaking strengths over the system is considered to be a fractal function. The cases for severals values and different velocity-dependent friction laws with different decreasing ratesr w of the frictional force with sliding velocity are studied numerically. The weakening process of the frictional force from the static one to the dynamic one obviously affects theM−Δ relation. Meanwhile, a rapid weakening process rather than a slow weakening process can result in aM−Δ relation, which is comparable to the observed one. Although an increase in thes value can yield an increase in the upper bound of the Δ value and the number of events with largeM and Δ values, the scaling of theM−Δ relation is not affected by the change of thes value. For the cases in this study, the theoretical Δ−M relations for small events withM〈1 are almost in the form: Δ∼M 1/2, while those for large events withM〉1 have a scaling exponent less than but close to 1. In addition, the fractal dimension, the friction drop ratio and the roughness of the distribution of the breaking strengths over the fault surface are the minor parameters influencing the Δ−M relation. A comparison between the theoreticalM−Δ relation and the observed one for strike-slip earthquakes shows that for large events the theoreticalM−Δ relation is quite consistent with the observed one, while for small events there is a one-order difference in the two relations. For the one-dimensional model, the decreasing rate of the dynamic frictional force with velocity is the main factor in affecting the characteristic value of the earthquake moment, at which the scaling of theM−Δ relation changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878632
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bayesian probabilities of earthquake occurrences in Greece and surrounding areas (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 307-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Greece ; hazard ; Bayesian probabilities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Bayesian extreme-value distribution of earthquake occurrences has been adopted to estimate the seismic hazard in some seismogenic zones in Greece and surrounding regions. Seismic moment, slip rate, earthquake recurrence rate and magnitude were considered as basic parameters for computing the prior estimates of the seismicity. These estimates are then updated in terms of Bayes' theorem and historical estimates of seismicity associated with each zone. High probabilities for earthquakes withM≥6.0 have been obtained for the northwestern part of Greece as well as for the southwestern part of the Hellenic arc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878637
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical, radiative, and dynamical processes within a nighttime marine stratus cloud (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 321-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Marine stratus ; aircraft observations ; IR cooling ; dynamical and physical processes ; moisture and heat fluxes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations taken by aircraft and conventional platforms are used to investigate dynamical, physical, and radiative processes within a marine stratus cloud during the Canadian Atlantic Storms Program (CASP) II field project which took place over the east coast of Canada. Stratus which formed over the ocean on February 6, 1992 during the nighttime, is studied to analyze cloud top and base processes. The cloud was supercooled during the study period. Fluctuations and fluxes are calculated along constant flight altitude legs approximately 100 km long in space. The scales of structures larger than 5 km are removed from the analysis using a running average technique. Droplet spectra obtained by a forward scattering spectrometer probe (FSSP) were used in a 1-D radiative transfer model to calculate infrared (IR) fluxes and radiative heating rates. A heat conservation equation was used to estimate vertical air velocity (w a ) within the cloud. The results showed that, because of a warmer ocean surface, significant moisture and heat were transferred from the ocean surface to the boundary layer. The cloud base was at about 400 m height and the top was at about 1.4 km.w a at the cloud base was estimated about 5 cm s−1. Strong IR cooling rate at the cloud top was calculated to be 75°C day−1 for a 100 m thick layer. Negative skewness inw a , suggesting narrow downdrafts, was likely due to radiative cooling at the cloud top. The entrainment velocity was found to be about 1.5 cm s−1 at cloud top. Mean moisture and heat fluxes within the cloud were estimated to be comparable to those from the ocean surface. Vertical air velocity at the cloud top due to radiative cooling was found to be about −40 cm s−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878638
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 351-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878639
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis and automatic processing in near-field of eight 1992–1994 tsunamigenic earthquakes: Improvements towards real-time tsunami warning (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 381-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Tsunami ; tsunami earthquakes ; seismic moment ; mantle magnitude
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study eight tsunamigenic earthquakes of 1992–1994 with data from single near-field 3-component long-period stations. The analysis is made from the standpoint of tsunami warning by an automatic process which estimates the epicentral location and the seismic moment through the variable-period mantle magnitudeM m . Simulations of early warning based on the real-time computation of the seismic moment are also tested with this system, which would give a justified warning in each region of tsunami potentiality. By exploiting the dependence of moment rate release with frequency, the system has the capability of recognizing both “tsunami earthquakes” such as the 1992 Nicaragua and 1994 Java events, as well as instances of the opposite case of low-frequency deficiency, interpreted as indicating a deeper than normal source (1993 Guam event). We report both the results of delayed-time processing of the near-field stations, and the actual real-time warnings at PPT, which confirm the former.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874374
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Source parameters of mining-induced seismic events: An evaluation of homogeneous and inhomogeneous faulting models for assessing damage potential (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 145 (1995), S. 3-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Mining-induced seismicity ; faulting models ; peak ground parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Source parameter estimates based on the homogeneous and inhomogeneous source models have been examined for an anomalous sequence of seven mine-induced events located between 640 and 825 m depth at Strathcona mine, Ontario, and having magnitudes ranging betweenm N 0.8 and 2.7. The derived Brune static stress drops were found to be similar to those observed for natural earthquakes (∼30 bars), whereas dynamic stress drops were found to range up to 250–300 bars. Source radii derived from Madariaga's model better fit documented evidence of underground damage. These values of source radii were similar to those observed for the inhomogeneous model. The displacement at the source, based on the observed attenuation relationship, was about 60 mm for three magnitude 2.7 events. This is in agreement with slip values calculated using peak velocities and assuming the asperity as a Brune source within itself (72 mm). By using Madariaga's model for the asperity, the slip was over 3 times larger than observed. Peak velocity and acceleration scaling relations with magnitude were investigated by incorporating available South African data, appropriately reduced to Canadian geophysical conditions. The dynamic stress drop scaled as the square root of the seismic moment, similar to reported results in the literature for crustal earthquakes. This behavior suggests that the size of the asperities responsible for the peak ground motion, with respect to the overall source size, follow distributions that may be similar over a wide range of magnitudes. Measurements of source rupture complexity (ranging from 2 to 4) were found to agree with estimates of overall source to asperity radii, suggesting, together with the observed low rupture velocities (0.3 β to 0.6 β), that the sources were somewhat complex. Validation of source model appropriateness was achieved by direct comparison of the predicted ground motion level to observed underground damage in Creighton mine, located within the same regional stress and geological regime as Strathcona mine. Close to the source (〈100 m), corresponding to relatively higher damage levels, a good agreement was found between the predicted peak particle velocities for the inhomogeneous model and velocities derived based on established geomechanical relationships. The similarity between asperity radii and the regions of the highest observed damage provided additional support for the use of the inhomogeneous source model in the assessment of damage potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879480
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Research on earthquakes induced by water injection in China (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 145 (1995), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Earthquakes ; water injection ; oil field
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In China, the earthquakes induced by water injection have occurred in four oil fields including the Renqiu oil field, and in two mines. Production of oil from the Renqiu oil field began in 1975 and the injection of water into the oil field commenced in July 1976. The induced earthquakes have been occurring in the area for the past 17 years, since December 1976. The controlled experiments of water injection showed the cause and effect relation between water injection and earthquakes. Source parameters such as source dimension, seismic moment and stress drop of a large number of the induced earthquakes, andQ factor for the area have been determined. The results indicate that the stress drop varies from 0.2 to 3.0 bar and theQ factor has an average value of 75.0. The low-stress drop and lowQ factor values imply that the earthquakes are caused by the brittle fracture of weak rocks under low ambient stresses, due to a decrease in their strength because of the injection of water. The induced earthquakes are unevenly distributed in the oil field. The northern part of the oil field, where the reservoir rocks are characterized by low porosity and low permeability, exhibits high seismic activity with the largest earthquake registering a magnitude of 4.5 and about 68% of the total number of induced earthquakes in this part. Whereas, the southern part of the oil field with higher porosity and higher permeability is characterized by low seismic activity with the largest earthquake registering a magnitude of 2.5 and only 4% of the total number of earthquakes which occurred in this part. These features of the focal region suggest that larger earthquakes may not occur in the Renqiu oil field area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879483
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Source model of Noto-Hanto-Oki earthquake tsunami of 7 February 1993 (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 621-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Noto-Hanto-Oki earthquake tsunami ; source model ; spectral synthesis ; numerical simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A source model was discussed for a small tsunami accompanied by the Noto-Hanto-Oki earthquake (M s 6.6), striking Japan on 7 February, 1994. Assuming a fault model under the sea bottom, we estimated the focal parameters jointly, using synthesized tsunami source spectra as well as the tsunami numerical simulation. The fault proposed by this study consists of a plane sized 15×15 km, dipping N47°W with the dip angle of 42°, which is almost pure reverse fault (slip angle 87°) with a dislocation of 1 meter. The numerical simulation shows that the shallow sea in the source region caused a comparatively long recurring tsunami (the periods are 12–18 minutes) in spite of its small size. The model fault is corresponding to an aftershock area of this earthquake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874386
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two 1993 Kamchatka earthquakes (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 633-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Earthquake parameters ; tsunamis ; earthquake cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two earthquakes occurred in 1993 off southern Kamchatka. They have similar surface wave magnitudes, focal mechanisms, and depths, but have distinctly different characteristics. The November earthquake is a standard or “impulsive”M7 underthrusting event. The June earthquake is a tsunamigenic or “low-stress-drop” event with several unusual characteristics, including a large, diffuse aftershock zone, directivity, and a long source time function. The 1993 earthquakes ruptured a segment of the Kamchatka Arc which has not ruptured since 1904. The 1993 earthquakes seem to signal the midpoint in the southern Kamchatka seismic cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874387
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tsunami deposits from the 1993 Southwest Hokkaido earthquake and the 1640 Hokkaido Komagatake eruption, northern Japan (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 144 (1995), S. 719-733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Tsunami deposit ; distribution ; lithofacies ; 1993 Hokkaido tsunami ; 1640 Komagatake eruption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The southwest Hokkaido tsunami of July 12th, 1993, left continuous onshore sand deposits along the west coast of Oshima Peninsuka, Hokkaido, northern Japan. We investigated spatial distribution and lithofacies of the new tsunami deposits for its identification of ancient tsunami deposits. An eyewitness acount and bent plants helped our interpretation of the onshore tsunami behavior. We regard the following properties as typical of the coastal tsunami sand deposits: (1) The deposits cover the surface almost continuously on gentle topography. (2) Deposit thicknesses and mean grain sizes descrease with distance from the sea. (3) Deposit thicknesses and lithofacies vary greatly across local surface undulation. (4) Graded bedding reflecting tsunami runup and backwash is present in thick deposits. (5) The deposits are widely distributed along the coast and extend inland several tens of meters to 100 m. We examined a candidate for the paleo-tsunami deposits associated with the 1640 Komagatake eruption, and confirmed that the similar patterns are typical of ancient tsunami deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874391
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of dykes in induced seismicity at Bhatsa reservoir, Maharashtra, India (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 145 (1995), S. 155-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Dykes ; pore pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The geological and hydrological conditions near the reservoir site play an important role in the generation or absence of seismic activity. Near Bhatsa reservoir, along the west coast of India intense seismic activity occurred during August–September 1983, after a lag of six years of initial impounding. From July 1983 to September 1990, 15,388 earthquakes (mostlyM 1〈3.0) were recorded, the largest being of magnitude 4.9. The spatial distribution of well located 172 earthquakes suggest a strong correlation between the epicenters and the disposition of dykes and faults around the Bhatsa region. It is inferred that these dykes have acted as “barriers” for the diffusion of water from the reservoir, thereby becoming zones of instability due to increased pore pressure not only along them but also over the volume they bound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879491
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reservoir associated characteristics using deterministic chaos in Aswan, Nurek and Koyna reservoirs (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 145 (1995), S. 209-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Earthquakes ; strange attractor ; deterministic chaos ; reservoir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nurek, Aswan and Koyna reservoirs were affected by moderate earthquakes with continuing seismic activity. Microearthquake data recorded through local networks have been used to determine the strange attractor dimensions, using deterministic chaos which were found as 7,2, 3.8 and 4.8, respectively. This would imply that while 8 parameters are needed to model earthquakes near Nurek reservoir, only 4 to 5 parameters are needed for the Aswan and Koyna regions. The differences in the strange attractor dimension suggest them to be a measure of seismotectonics around such reservoirs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879495
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of mode-converted waves in marine seismic data to investigate the lithology of the sub-bottom sediments in Isfjorden, Svalbard (1995)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 145 (1995), S. 313-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Mode-conversion ; marine/land geometry ; V p /V s ratios ; lithology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstracts The compression wavefield is efficiently converted to shear-wave energy at post-critical angles in areas of high impedance contrast at the sea floor. We have analysed mode-converted shear waves in a data set acquired with a hybrid marine/land geometry in Isfjorden, Svalbard. Through a kinematic 2D ray-tracing modellingV p/Vs ratios for part of the uppermost 5km of the crust are obtained. Low values (V p /V s =1.65) are tentatively associated with the section of Devonian sandstones which appears to attain a minimum thickness of 1.5km below 3 km depth about 10km west of Kapp Thorden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00880273
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macroseismic information from historic pictorial sources (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Prephotographic earthquake depictions ; pictorial macroseismic data ; historical seismicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Prephotographic depictions of earthquakes can contain important information on the types and amount of damage due to a large earthquake in historic times. Care must be used in evaluating such depictions because some are more accurate than others, and many depictions contain little that is of value in making estimates of seismic intensity. Depictions of two earthquakes, in 1692 at Jamaica and in 1843 at Guadeloupe, illustrate the utility of depictions in intensity estimation. A depiction of the scene at Port Royal in Jamaica of the 1692 shock suggests that the major damage was caused by soil slumping and a tsunami, with the ground shaking itself probably only having been about MMI VII. Two depictions of Pointe-à-Pitre at Guadeloupe after the 1843 event contain evidence that the town was damaged by strong ground shaking as well as by major soil failures. The ground shaking here was probably MMI VII–IX. These and other pictures are being assembled for a monograph of prephotographic earthquake depictions in the Americas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876671
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Historical 1942 Ecuador and 1942 Peru subduction earthquakes and earthquake cycles along Colombia-Ecuador and Peru subduction segments (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 67-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Earthquke cycle ; source parameters ; seismic moment ; fault heterogeneity ; P waveforms ; historical earthquakes ; source time function ; seismic gap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two large shallow earthquakes occurred in 1942 along the South American subduction zone inclose proximity to subducting oceanic ridges: The 14 May event occurred near the subducting Carnegie ridge off the coast of Ecuador, and the 24 August event occurred off the coast of southwestern Peru near the southern flank of the subducting Nazca ridge. Source parameters for these for these two historic events have been determined using long-periodP waveforms,P-wave first motions, intensities and local tsunami data. We have analyzed theP waves for these two earthquakes to constrain the focal mechanism, depth, source complexity and seismic moment. Modeling of theP waveform for both events yields a range of acceptable focal mechanisms and depths, all of which are consistent with underthrusting of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate. The source time function for the 1942 Ecuador event has one simple pulse of moment release with a duration of 22 suconds, suggesting that most of the moment release occurred near the epicenter. The seismic moment determined from theP waves is 6–8×1020N·m, corresponding ot a moment magnitude of 7.8–7.9. The reported location of the maximum intensities (IX) for this event is south of the main shock epicenter. The relocated aftershcks are in an area that is approximately 200 km by 90 km (elongated parallel to the trench) with the majority of aftershocks north of the epicenter. In contrast, the 1942 Peru event has a much longer duration and higher degree of complexity than the Ecuador earthquake, suggesting a heterogeneous rupture. Seismic moment is released in three distinct pulses over approximately 74 seconds; the largest moment release occurs 32 seconds after rupture initiation. the seismic moment as determined from theP waves for the 1942 Peru event is 10–25×1020N·m, corresponding to a moment magnitude of 7.9–8.2. Aftershock locations reported by the ISS occur over a broad area surrounding the main shock. The reported locations of the maximum intensities (IX) are concentrated south of the epicenter, suggesting that at least part of the rupture was to the south. We have also examined great historic earthquakes along the Colombia-Ecuador and Peru segments of the South American subduction zone. We find that the size and rupture length of the underthrusting earthquakes vary between successive earthquake cycles. This suggests that the segmentation of the plate boundary as defined by earthquakes this century is not constant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876670
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling fragmentation in two dimensions (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 115-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Fragmentation ; fractal distributions ; self-similarity ; self-organized criticality ; cellular automatons ; computer models
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three cellular automaton “toy”-models of fragmentation in two-dimensional lattices are explored. Of the three models, two can be considered in the class of simple bond percolation, and one as correlated bond percolation. Fractal fragment-size distribution in all models is found away from criticality, providing a certain fraction of the bonds is designated with considerably larger strengths than the rest in the system. As the fraction of these bonds is raised from zero, the fragment-size distribution transforms smoothly from exponential forms into a power law. Though each model takes a different path to the fractal distribution, they all show the same fractal exponent of 1.85(5). As might be expected in one dimension, the same models of their variants, failed to produce fractal distributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876672
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multifractal measures of earthquakes in west Taiwan (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 131-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Multifractal ; general fractal dimension ; epicentral distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The generalized fractal dimension for epicentral distribution of earthquakes in west Taiwan is measured. The entire area is first divided into two zones, i.e., north and south zones, after which the two zones are further separated into three subzones for the former and two for the latter. The logC q (r) versus logr function, whereC q (r) is the generalized correlation integral andr is the distance between two epicenters, shows that a linear relation between logC q and logr exists in the range ofr smaller thanr c . The value ofr c is 25 km for the north zone, 40 km for the south and 12 km for the three north subzones. The valuesr c =25 and 40 km are almost the smallest ones of the width of epicentral distributions of the north and south zones, respectively. The value ofr c =12 km for the three north subzones is approximately the smallest size of the cluster of epicenters. For the plots of two south subzones, the pattern of data points does not bend in the range ofr in consideration, and, thus, there is not such a critical radius. TheD q −q relations forq=0, 1, 2,..., 15 are constructed for the two zones and five subzones. Results show significant multifractality and a spatial variation in multifractality for epicentral distributions of earthquakes in west Taiwan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876673
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 195-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876676
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strong motion records and synthetic isoseismals of the Pyrgos, Peloponnisos, Southern Greece, Earthquake Sequence of March 26, 1993 (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 147-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Greece ; strong motion ; synthetic isoseismals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this work, several seismological observations are presented in order to explain characteristic features of the earthquake sequence which occurred in March 1993 in southwestern Greece, very close to the city of Pyrgos. Fault plane solutions of the largest fore- and aftershocks and the main shock, as well as the directions at which the maximum ground accelerations were recorded suggest that this earthquake sequence has been developed by rupturing three distinct focal planes with different focal mechanisms. The first focal plane, located in the off-shore area, strikes NW-SE, dips SE and includes most of the foreshock activity. The foreshock activity migrated to the northeastern part of the city of Pyrgos and took place on planes with a predominant direction NE-SW. The main shock ofM x =5.5 occurred in a focal plane located between the two above-mentioned areas. Strong motion records of significant shocks of the sequence show peak acceleration values on components consistent with the relevant fault plane solutions. Furthermore, the observed macroseismic field has been compared with synthetic isoseismals computed by using a certain velocity model and the focal mechanism parameters of the main shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876674
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-linear predictions ofAp by activity class and numerical value (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 163-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Ap geomagnetic index ; magnetic activity forecasting ; non-linear prediction ; back-propagation neural network ; probabilistic neural network
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two neural network algorithms are applied to the short-term,1 to 3 days, prediction of theAp geomagnetic index. A multi-layer, back-propagation (MBP) network is used to implement a self-prediction filter forAp and this provides a forecast of the numerical value of the index. A probabilistic neural network (PNN) is used to estimate the probability distribution of theAp index, in six activity classes, and to provide a forecast of the single most likely activity class for each day. BothAp and an index of solar activity, based on the daily reports issued by the Space Environment Services Centre (Boulder), are input to the probabilistic net. It is found that the numerical forecasts of the MBP filter are most accurate at low, non-storm, levels of activity. This non-linear method provides quantitatively better estimates of activity than are produced by an existing linear prediction filter, particularly with increasing forward forecasting lag. At high levels of the solar activity index the PNN is found to anticipate storm classAp with around 60% accuracy in 1992 and 1993. Some details of the algorithms and implementation issues are described. It is concluded that interplanetary field and solar wind data will be significant components of any of the possible future developments which are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876675
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport properties and microstructural characteristics of a thermally cracked mylonite (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 207-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Transport properties ; pore microstructure ; porosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental study was carried out on a granitic mylonite (La Bresse, France) to analyze the influence of pore microstructure on transport properties. Different crack networks were obtained by a controlled thermal treatment. Microstructures were analyzed by means of gas adsorption and mercury porosimetry. Transport properties have been investigated by measuring gas permeability and electrical conductivity. The dependence of permeability on confining pressure shows an exponential decrease, characteristic of a porosity made of cracks. Correlations between measured parameters have been analyzed by comparing them with relations deduced from theoretical models. Linking the formation factor to the porosity leads to a rather low tortuosity value (about 2.4), characterizing a medium with a well connected porosity. Correlation between permeabilityk and formation factorF leads to a power-law relationk ∝ F −n wheren≈2.9, which is consistent with a crack model describing the behavior of the thermally treated rock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876490
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of localized folding for a thin elastic layer in a softening visco-elastic medium (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 229-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Localized folding ; softening visco-elastic medium ; instability of layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Long compressed elastic struts on softening elastic foundations have a tendency to buckle locally. The same tendency is demonstrated here for the instantaneous response of elastic struts supported by visco-elastic media. A governing nonlinear partial differential equation is derived to describe the evolution of the localized form in time. Under the assumed constant end-shortening this is found to be approximated by a coupled set of seven ordinary differential (diffusion) equations. As the load drops to zero, the localized buckle pattern evolves towards the form of the single long wave, but remains aperiodic for all time. Three-dimensional plots show how this localized pattern changes over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876491
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Space-time variations of the frequency-energy relation for mining-induced seismicity in the Ostrava-Karviná mining district (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 265-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Induced seismicity ; b-value statistics ; Ostrava-Karviná Coal Mine District
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The values of parameters of the relation logN=a−b logE characterize in general the level of seismicity of individual regions. In the present paper, a detailed analysis ofb values of the frequency-energy distributions was carried out with the aid of a database of seismic events recorded by the seismological networks in the Ostrava-Karviná Coal Mine District (Czech Republic), using the least squares regression and maximum likelihood method, as well. The determination ofb value was performed for a relatively large number of regions investigated and for different time series of observations. Special attention has been paid to induced seismic events statistics for the vicinity of one of the coalfaces in the Lazy Mine. It could be generally stated that lowerb values correspond to a higher level of induced seismic activity, while the higher ones correspond to a low and a moderate seismic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876493
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-stage model of fracture of rocks (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 253-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Fracture ; fault nucleation ; critical crack density ; hierarchic failure ; earthquakes ; thermal activation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we propose a two-stage model of rock fracture. In the first stage, cracks or local regions of failure are uncorrelated and occur randomly throughout the rock in response to loading of pre-existing flaws. As damage accumulates in the rock, there is a gradual increase in the probability that large clusters of closely spaced cracks or local failure sites will develop. Based on statistical arguments, a critical density of damage will occur where clusters of flaws become large enough to lead to larger-scale failure of the rock (stage two). While crack interaction and cooperative failure is expected to occur within clusters of closely spaced cracks, the initial development of clusters is predicted based on the random variation in pre-existing flaw populations. Thus the onset of the unstable second stage in the model can be computed from the generation of random, uncorrelated damage. The proposed model incorporates notions of the kinetic (and therefore time-dependent) nature of the strength of solids as well as the discrete hierarchic structure of rocks and the flaw populations that lead to damage accumulation. The advantage offered by this model is that its salient features are valid for fracture processes occurring over a wide range of scales including earthquake processes. A notion of the rank of fracture (fracture size) is introduced, and criteria are presented for both fracture nucleation and the transition of the failure process from one scale to another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876492
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional moments, energy levels, and a new discriminant (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 281-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Energy discriminant ; magnitude ; amplitude ; earthquake ; explosion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Teleseismic observations of explosions tend to be richer in short-period energy than are earthquakes, thus the effectiveness of them b ∶M s discriminant. At regional distances the same basic separation occurs for smaller events in terms ofM L ∶M 0 (Woods et al., 1993) andm b ∶M 0 (Patton andWalter, 1993). While these studies demonstrate the basic differences in excitation, they suffer in practical application because of the detailed information required in the retrieval ofM 0 . In this paper, we introduce a new method of discrimination, based on the energy strength (M E ) from broadband regional records that appears to be effective and efficient. In this method all events are processed as earthquakes, and explosions are distinguished by their stronger energy levels relative to their long-period amplitudes. Results from 29 events recorded by TERRAscope, sampling 15 explosions from NTS and 14 earthquakes from the southwestern United States, are represented, indicating complete separation (45 data points).M L =3.6 is the smallest event examined to date but the method can probably be extended to even smaller levels in calibrated regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876494
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...