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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonial life versus solitary life in Cyrtophora citricola (Araneae, Araneidae) (1998)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 45 (1998), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Life history, kleptoparasitism, interspecific relationships, sociality, spiders.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Among spiders, some species could be qualified as colonial. Individuals may live alone or in colonies where each spider exploits its own capture web in a communal network. We compared solitary with colonial life in Cyrtophora female populations from South-East Sicily in 1992 and 1993. We used 6 parameters to describe and compare the populations: spider size, web size, egg production, prey captured, presence of kleptoparasites and their size.¶ Spiders living in colonies did not differ in size from solitary spiders.¶ The webs of colonial spiders were smaller than those of solitary spiders.¶ The number of prey captured and their size did not differ between the two types of spiders.¶ Solitary spiders produced more eggs than colonial individuals.¶ Kleptoparasite spiders Argyrodes gibbosus were more numerous in the webs of solitary spiders than in the webs of colonial spiders and there were more solitary webs infested by kleptoparasites in 1992. The kleptoparasites were larger in colonial webs than in solitary ones. Another species of spider, Holocnemus pulchei, spun its own web in the network of the web of Cyrtophora. The number of Holocnemus per web did not differ between solitary and colonial Cyrtophora.¶ Results are discussed by referring to what it is known in other temporarily social spiders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050074
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does group closure exist in the social spider Anelosimus eximius ? Behavioural and chemical approach (1997)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 44 (1997), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Interindividual relationships, group structure, cuticular compounds, colony dispersion, social spiders.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The exclusion of a conspecific intruder by the members of a colony is a well-known phenomenon in social insects. This phenomenon is called group closure. It may exist in social spiders as well. ¶Experiments were conducted to test inter-colony tolerance in Anelosimus eximius, a social spider of South America. Two types of information were taken into account: the behavior of the intruder introduced in a group of 10 individuals from same colony and the chemical characteristics of the cuticular products of the spiders. ¶Spiders were collected from four natural colonies in French Guyana; two colonies were less than 5 km apart, while the others were separated by more than 40 km. Two weeks after collection, an intruder (from the same colony or from another colony) was introduced into the box. In all cases, the intruder was accepted by the members of the group after a minimum of 24 h. Thus, in Anelosimus eximius, the aggressive behavior necessary for group closure is nonexistent. ¶The presence of an intruder (of the same colony or a different one) temporarily affected the structure of the group. Twenty-four hours after the introduction, there was an increase in the nearest neighbor distances between members of the group. ¶The analysis of the chemical products of the cuticle showed volatile and non-volatile products. There was no qualitative difference between the spiders of the different colonies, only quantitative differences. These differences were not correlated with the distance between colonies. Close colonies had greater differences in the ratios of several chemical cuticular products than did distant colonies. ¶We conclude that there is no active group closure in Anelosimus eximius, although there may be differences in the “odors” of the individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000400050038
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study of foundation and development ofAnelosimus eximius colonies in the tropical forest of French Guiana (1994)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 41 (1994), S. 179-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Colony growth ; survivorship ; social spiders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Possibilities for new colony foundation inAnelosimus eximius (Theridiidae) were tested with isolated females (both with and without egg sacs) and with groups of individuals (groups from 150 to 250 spiders). Experimental groups were deposited in three different habitats: within the forest, on the forest edge (where natural colonies develop most frequently) and outside the forest (low savannah or areas cleared of vegetation, but in which plant life had started to grow back between the path and the forest edge). Isolated adult females had very low founding success: less than 13 % settled and spun a web; the presence of an egg sac provided by investigators was not an influencing factor. Webs of isolated females had the same architectures as those of colonies with several hundreds of individuals. This web was a horizontal sheet linked to a thick vertical network of threads. All groups of 150 to 250 spiders established colonies in appropriate habitats. The colonies outside the forest, and more than 90 % of the colonies along the forest edges successfully developed during the one month observation period. Conversely, 35 % of the colonies in the forest disappeared either a few days after being placed there, or one or two weeks after. In the latter case, spiders apparently left their webs, and all silk structures were left intact. No dead spiders were found in the webs. Average web surface areas increased in all colony types with age, except for those placed in the forest. In these colonies, the number of individuals decreased, and there were fewer egg sacs than in the colonies placed outside the forest. Results are discussed with regard to natural colony distribution along open paths and to the dispersive characteristics of this spider species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01240477
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of potential prey affects web-building in an orb-weaving spider Zygiella x-notata
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 47 (1994), S. 477-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1994.1066
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