Abstract
We study eight tsunamigenic earthquakes of 1992–1994 with data from single near-field 3-component long-period stations. The analysis is made from the standpoint of tsunami warning by an automatic process which estimates the epicentral location and the seismic moment through the variable-period mantle magnitudeM m . Simulations of early warning based on the real-time computation of the seismic moment are also tested with this system, which would give a justified warning in each region of tsunami potentiality. By exploiting the dependence of moment rate release with frequency, the system has the capability of recognizing both “tsunami earthquakes” such as the 1992 Nicaragua and 1994 Java events, as well as instances of the opposite case of low-frequency deficiency, interpreted as indicating a deeper than normal source (1993 Guam event). We report both the results of delayed-time processing of the near-field stations, and the actual real-time warnings at PPT, which confirm the former.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dziewonski, A. M., Ekström, G., andSalganik, M. P. (1993a),Centroid-moment Tensor Solutions for July–September 1992, Phys. Earth. Planet. Inter.79, 287–297.
Dziewonski, A. M., Ekström, G., andSalganik, M. P. (1993b),Centroid-moment Tensor Solutions for October–December 1992, Phys. Earth. Planet. Inter.80, 89–103.
Dziewonski, A. M., Ekström, G., andSalganik, M. P. (1994a),Centroid-moment Tensor Solutions for July–September 1993, Phys. Earth. Planet. Inter.83, 165–174.
Dziewonski, A. M., Ekström, G., andSalganik, M. P. (1994b),Centroid-moment Tensor Solutions for January–March 1994, Phys. Earth. Planet. Inter.86, 253–261.
Furumoto, A. S. (1993),Three Deadly Tsunamis in One Year, Science of Tsunami Hazards, 111–121.
Geller, R. J. (1976),Scaling Relations for Earthquake Source Parameters and Magnitudes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.66, 1501–1523.
Haskell, N. A. (1962),Crustal Reflection of Plane P and SV Waves, J. Geophys. Res.67, 4751–4767.
Hokkaido Tsunami Survey Group (1993),Tsunami Devastates Japanese Coastal Region, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Un.74, 417–432.
Hyvernaud, O., Reymond, D., Talandier, J., andOkal, E. A. (1992),Four Years of Automated Measurements of Seismic Moments of Papeete using the Mantle Magnitude M m : 1987–1991, Tectonophysics217, 175–193.
Kanamori, H. (1972),Mechanisms of Tsunami Earthquakes, Phys. Earth. Planet. Inter.6, 346–359.
Kanamori, H. (1977),The Energy Release in Great Earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res.82, 2981–2987.
Kanamori, H., andKikuchi, M. (1993),The 1992Nicaragua Earthquake: A Slow Tsunami Earthquake Associated with Subducted Sediment, Nature361, 714–715.
Kawata, Y. (1993),Response of Residents at the Moment of Tsunamis.—The 1992 Flores Island Earthquake Tsunami, Indonesia. Proceedings of the IUGC/IOC International Tsunami Symposium, Wakayama, Japan, Aug. 23–27, 1993, pp. 677–688.
Laske, G. (1995),Global Observation of Off-great Circle Propagation of Long-period Surface Waves, J. Geophys. Res., in press.
Lundgren, P. R., andOkal, E. A. (1988),Slab Decoupling in the Tonga Arc: The June 22, 1977 Earthquake, J. Geophys. Res.93, 13355–13366.
Nakanishi, I., Kodaira, S., Kobayashi, R., Kasahara, M., andKikuchi, M. (1993),Quake and Tsunami Devastate Small Town, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Un.74 (34), 377–379.
Okal, E. A. (1988),Seismic Parameters Controlling Far-field Tsunami Amplitudes: A Review, Natural Hazards1, 67–96.
Okal, E. A. (1989),A Theoretical Discussion of Time-domain Magnitudes: The Prague Formula for M s and the Mantle Magnitude M m , J. Geophys. Res.94, 4194–4204.
Okal, E. A. (1990),M m :A Mantle Wave Magnitude for Intermediate and Deep Earthquakes, Pure and Appl. Geophys.134, 333–354.
Okal, E. A., andRomanowicz, B. A. (1994),On the Variation of b-value with Earthquake Size, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.87, 55–76.
Okal, E. A., andTalandier, J. (1989),M m :A Variable-period Mantle Magnitude, J. Geophys. Res.94, 4169–4193.
Okal, E. A., andTalandier, J. (1990),M m :Extension to Love Waves of the Concept of a Variable-period Mantle Magnitude, Pure and Appl. Geophys.134, 355–384.
Pelayo, A. M., andWiens, D. A. (1992),Tsunami Earthquakes: Slow Thrust-faulting Events in the Accretionary Wedge, J. Geophys. Res.97, 15312–15337.
Reymond, D., Hyvernaud, O., andTalandier, J. (1991),Automatic Detection, Location and Quantification of Earthquakes: Application to Tsunami Warning, Pure and Appl. Geophys.135, 361–382.
Reymond, D., Hyvernaud, O., andTalandier, J. (1993),An Integrated System for Real-time Estimation of Seismic Source Parameters and its Application to Tsunami Warning, Tsunami in the World, 177–196.
Richter, C. F.,Elementary Seismology (W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 1958).
Romanowicz, B., Cara, M., Fels, J.-F., andRouland, D. (1984) GEOSCOPE:A French Initiative in Long-period Three-component Global Seismic Networks, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Un.65, 753–754.
Satake, K., Bourgeois, J., Abe, Ku., Abe, Ka., Tsuji, Y., Imamura, F., Ito, Y., Katao, H., Noguera, E., andEstrada, F. (1993),Tsunami Field Survey of the 1992 Nicaragua Earthquake, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Un.74, 145 and 156–157, 1993.
Sunarjo, (1993),Experience in Handling the Flores Earthquake-tsunami of Dec. 12, 1992, Proceedings of the IUGC/IOC International Tsunami Symposium, Wakayama, Japan, Aug. 23–27, 1993, pp. 861–869.
Talandier, J. (1993),French Polynesia Tsunami Warning Center (CPPT), Natural Hazards7, 237–256.
Talandier, J., andOkal, E. A. (1992),One Station Estimates of Seismic Moments from the Mantle Magnitude M m :The Case of the Regional Field (1.5≤Δ≤15°), Pure and Appl. Geophys.138, 43–60.
Tanioka, Y., Ruff, L. J., andSatake, K. (1993),Unusual Rupture Process of the Japan Sea Earthquake, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Un.74 (34), 377–380.
Tanioka, Y., andSatake, K. (1994),The 1994 Java Earthquake and Tsunami, EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Un.75 (44), 355–356 (abstract).
Yeh, H. (1993),Disaster on Flores Island, Nature361, 686.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schindelé, F., Reymond, D., Gaucher, E. et al. Analysis and automatic processing in near-field of eight 1992–1994 tsunamigenic earthquakes: Improvements towards real-time tsunami warning. PAGEOPH 144, 381–408 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874374
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00874374