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  • Animals  (521)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • 1995-1999  (617)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929  (1)
  • 1995  (617)
  • 1926  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Segmentation and tracking of piglets in images (1995)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 8 (1995), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Tracking ; Segmentation ; Pigs ; Animals ; Computer vision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm was developed for the segmentation and tracking of piglets and tested on a 200-image sequence of 10 piglets moving on a straw background. The image-capture rate was 1 image/140 ms. The segmentation method was a combination of image differencing with respect to a median background and a Laplacian operator. The features tracked were blob edges in the segmented image. During tracking, the piglets were modelled as ellipses initialised on the blobs. Each piglet was tracked by searching for blob edges in an elliptical window about the piglet's position, which was predicted from its previous two positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215814
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from multiple protein data sets (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 238-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Cellular slime molds ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plantae ; Maximum-likelihood method ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from 18S rRNA data contradicts that from protein data. Protein trees always show the close affinity of Dictyostelium with animals, fungi, and plants, whereas in 18S rRNA trees the branching of Dictyostelium is placed at a position before the massive radiation of protist groups including the divergence of the three kingdoms. To settle this controversial issue and to determine the correct position of Dictyostelium, we inferred the phylogenetic relationship among Dictyostelium and the three kingdoms Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae by a maximum-likelihood method using 19 different protein data sets. It was shown at the significance level of 1 SE that the branching of Dictyostelium antedates the divergence of Animalia and Fungi, and Plantae is an outgroup of the Animalia-Fungi-Dictyostelium clade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170678
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  • 3
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    Inhibition of ocular dominance column formation by infusion of NT-4/5 or BDNF (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-17
    Description: During the development of the visual system of higher mammals, axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) become segregated into eye-specific patches (the ocular dominance columns) within their target, layer 4 of the primary visual cortex. This occurs as a consequence of activity-dependent synaptic competition between axons representing the two eyes. The possibility that this competition could be mediated through neurotrophin-receptor interactions was tested. Infusion of neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) into cat primary visual cortex inhibited column formation within the immediate vicinity of the infusion site but not elsewhere in the visual cortex. Infusion of nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), or vehicle solution did not affect column formation. These observations implicate TrkB, the common receptor for BDNF and NT-4/5, in the segregation of LGN axons into ocular dominance columns in layer 4. Moreover, they suggest that in addition to their better known roles in the prevention of cell death, neurotrophins may also mediate the activity-dependent control of axonal branching during development of the central nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cabelli, R J -- Hohn, A -- Shatz, C J -- EY02858/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY06327/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH 48108/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 17;267(5204):1662-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7886458" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Axons/drug effects/*physiology ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Cats ; Dominance, Cerebral/*drug effects ; Geniculate Bodies/drug effects/*ultrastructure ; Nerve Growth Factors/*pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*pharmacology ; Neurotrophin 3 ; Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/physiology ; Visual Cortex/*drug effects/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Crystal structure of DCoH, a bifunctional, protein-binding transcriptional coactivator (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: DCoH, the dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1, stimulates gene expression by associating with specific DNA binding proteins and also catalyzes the dehydration of the biopterin cofactor of phenylalanine hydroxylase. The x-ray crystal structure determined at 3 angstrom resolution reveals that DCoH forms a tetramer containing two saddle-shaped grooves that comprise likely macromolecule binding sites. Two equivalent enzyme active sites flank each saddle, suggesting that there is a spatial connection between the catalytic and binding activities. Structural similarities between the DCoH fold and nucleic acid-binding proteins argue that the saddle motif has evolved to bind diverse ligands or that DCoH unexpectedly may bind nucleic acids.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Endrizzi, J A -- Cronk, J D -- Wang, W -- Crabtree, G R -- Alber, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):556-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3206, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Computer Graphics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Hydro-Lyases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: Apoptosis plays an important role during neuronal development, and defects in apoptosis may underlie various neurodegenerative disorders. To characterize molecular mechanisms that regulate neuronal apoptosis, the contributions to cell death of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family members, including ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-JUN NH2-terminal protein kinase), and p38, were examined after withdrawal of nerve growth factor (NGF) from rat PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells. NGF withdrawal led to sustained activation of the JNK and p38 enzymes and inhibition of ERKs. The effects of dominant-interfering or constitutively activated forms of various components of the JNK-p38 and ERK signaling pathways demonstrated that activation of JNK and p38 and concurrent inhibition of ERK are critical for induction of apoptosis in these cells. Therefore, the dynamic balance between growth factor-activated ERK and stress-activated JNK-p38 pathways may be important in determining whether a cell survives or undergoes apoptosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xia, Z -- Dickens, M -- Raingeaud, J -- Davis, R J -- Greenberg, M E -- CA43855/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA65861/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1326-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481820" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alkaloids/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Enzyme Activation ; Genes, jun ; *JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ; MAP Kinase Kinase 3 ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4 ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Neurons/*cytology/enzymology ; PC12 Cells ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; *Signal Transduction ; Staurosporine ; Sympathetic Nervous System/cytology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    FFA-1, a protein that promotes the formation of replication centers within nuclei (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-29
    Description: In the nuclei of eukaryotic cells, initiation of DNA replication occurs at a discrete number of foci. One component of these foci is the DNA replication factor RP-A. Here, the process leading to the association of RP-A with foci was reconstituted with cytosolic fractions derived from Xenopus eggs. With the use of this fractionated system, a 170-kilodalton protein required for the assembly of RP-A into foci was identified and purified. The protein appears to be an integral component of the foci at which replication of DNA is initiated in eukaryotic nuclei.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yan, H -- Newport, J -- GM33523/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1883-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of California, San Diego, Department of Biology, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cell-Free System ; Cytosol/chemistry ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Oocytes ; Orientation ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Replication Protein A ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Animal research bills threaten Polish science (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):291.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Databases, Factual ; *Government Regulation ; Legislation as Topic ; Poland ; *Social Control, Formal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Orphanin FQ: a neuropeptide that activates an opioidlike G protein-coupled receptor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: A heptadecapeptide was identified and purified from porcine brain tissue as a ligand for an orphan heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (LC132) that is similar in sequence to opioid receptors. This peptide, orphanin FQ, has a primary structure reminiscent of that of opioid peptides. Nanomolar concentrations of orphanin FQ inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in cells transfected with LC132. This inhibitory activity was not affected by the addition of opioid ligands, nor did the peptide activate opioid receptors. Orphanin FQ bound to its receptor in a saturable manner and with high affinity. When injected intracerebroventricularly into mice, orphanin FQ caused a decrease in locomotor activity but did not induce analgesia in the hot-plate test. However, the peptide produced hyperalgesia in the tail-flick assay. Thus, orphanin FQ may act as a transmitter in the brain by modulating nociceptive and locomotor behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reinscheid, R K -- Nothacker, H P -- Bourson, A -- Ardati, A -- Henningsen, R A -- Bunzow, J R -- Grandy, D K -- Langen, H -- Monsma, F J Jr -- Civelli, O -- DA 08562/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA 09620/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):792-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pharma Division, Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481766" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Analgesics/pharmacology ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Hypothalamus/chemistry ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Injections, Spinal ; Ligands ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Opioid Peptides/chemistry/*isolation & purification/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Pain Measurement ; Receptors, Neuropeptide/*metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid/*metabolism ; Swine ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    The control of calcium release in heart muscle (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: The control of calcium release from intracellular stores (the sarcoplasmic reticulum) in cardiac muscle was examined with the use of a confocal microscope and voltage clamp techniques. Depolarization evoked graded calcium release by altering the extent of spatial and temporal summation of elementary calcium release events called "calcium sparks." These evoked sparks were triggered by local L-type calcium channel currents in a stochastic manner, were similar at different potentials, and resembled spontaneous calcium sparks. Once triggered, the calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during a calcium spark was independent of the duration of the triggering calcium influx. These results were used to develop a unifying model for cardiac excitation-contraction coupling that explains the large (but paradoxically stable) amplification of the trigger calcium influx by a combination of digital and analog behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cannell, M B -- Cheng, H -- Lederer, W J -- HL25675/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL36974/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):1045-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754384" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Ion Channel Gating/physiology ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Muscle Proteins/physiology ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Probability ; Rats ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    A middle stone age worked bone industry from Katanda, Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-28
    Description: Three archaeological sites at Katanda on the Upper Semliki River in the Western Rift Valley of Zaire have provided evidence for a well-developed bone industry in a Middle Stone Age context. Artifacts include both barbed and unbarbed points as well as a daggerlike object. Dating by both direct and indirect means indicate an age of approximately 90,000 years or older. Together with abundant fish (primarily catfish) remains, the bone technology indicates that a complex subsistence specialization had developed in Africa by this time. The level of behavioral competence required is consistent with that of upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens. These data support an African origin of behaviorally as well as biologically modern humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yellen, J E -- Brooks, A S -- Cornelissen, E -- Mehlman, M J -- Stewart, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 28;268(5210):553-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Archaeology Program, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7725100" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Archaeology ; *Behavior ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Requirement for phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase in the prevention of apoptosis by nerve growth factor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-31
    Description: Nerve growth factor (NGF) induces both differentiation and survival of neurons by binding to the Trk receptor protein tyrosine kinase. Although Ras is required for differentiation, it was not required for NGF-mediated survival of rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells in serum-free medium. However, the ability of NGF to prevent apoptosis (programmed cell death) was inhibited by wortmannin or LY294002, two specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol (Pl)-3 kinase. Moreover, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) prevented apoptosis of PC-12 cells expressing the wild-type PDGF receptor, but not of cells expressing a mutant receptor that failed to activate Pl-3 kinase. Cell survival thus appears to be mediated by a Pl-3 kinase signaling pathway distinct from the pathway that mediates differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yao, R -- Cooper, G M -- R01 CA 18689/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 31;267(5206):2003-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701324" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Androstadienes/pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Enzyme Activation ; Nerve Growth Factors/*pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/*metabolism ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; ras Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Animal testing and EPA (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farland, W H -- Vaughn-Dellarco, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):1907, 1909.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8533076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carcinogenicity Tests ; Diet ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; *Toxicity Tests ; United States ; *United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 13
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    Key NASA lab under fire for animal care practices (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1692.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792586" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Welfare/*standards ; Animals ; Rats ; Research/*standards ; United States ; *United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Dissociation of synchronization and excitability in furosemide blockade of epileptiform activity (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-06
    Description: Furosemide, a chloride cotransport inhibitor, reversibly blocked synchronized burst discharges in hippocampal slices without reducing the pyramidal cell response to single electrical stimuli. Images of the intrinsic optical signal acquired during these slice experiments indicated that furosemide coincidentally blocked changes in extracellular space. In urethane-anesthetized rats, systemically injected furosemide blocked kainic acid-induced electrical discharges recorded from cortex. These results suggest that (i) neuronal synchronization involved in epileptiform activity can be dissociated from synaptic excitability; (ii) nonsynaptic mechanisms, possibly associated with furosemide-sensitive cell volume regulation, may be critical for synchronization of neuronal activity; and (iii) agents that affect extracellular volume may have clinical utility as antiepileptic drugs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hochman, D W -- Baraban, S C -- Owens, J W -- Schwartzkroin, P A -- NS07144/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS15317/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 6;270(5233):99-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569957" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 4-Aminopyridine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anticonvulsants/*pharmacology ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; Electric Stimulation ; Entorhinal Cortex/physiology ; Extracellular Space/drug effects/physiology ; Female ; Furosemide/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Pyramidal Cells/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Status Epilepticus/chemically induced/*physiopathology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Calcium sparks in vascular smooth muscle: relaxation regulators (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fay, F S -- HL14523/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL47530/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 27;270(5236):588-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7570016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cerebral Arteries/physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; *Muscle Relaxation ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism/*physiology ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Rats ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Vasoconstriction ; Vasodilation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    Role of NK1.1+ T cells in a TH2 response and in immunoglobulin E production (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: Immune responses dominated by interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing T helper type 2 (TH2) cells or by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing T helper type 1 (TH1) cells express distinctive protection against infection with different pathogens. Interleukin-4 promotes the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into IL-4 producers and suppresses their development into IFN-gamma producers. CD1-specific splenic CD4+NK1.1+ T cells, a numerically minor population, produced IL-4 promptly on in vivo stimulation. This T cell population was essential for the induction of IL-4-producing cells and for switching to immunoglobulin E, an IL-4-dependent event, in response to injection of antibodies to immunoglobulin D.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yoshimoto, T -- Bendelac, A -- Watson, C -- Hu-Li, J -- Paul, W E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1845-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Cells, Cultured ; Immunoglobulin E/*biosynthesis ; Interleukin-4/biosynthesis ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Spleen/cytology ; Th2 Cells/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and its genome (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: Over the past two decades, the small soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has become established as a major model system for the study of a great variety of problems in biology and medicine. One of its most significant advantages is its simplicity, both in anatomy and in genomic organization. The entire haploid genetic content amounts to 100 million base pairs of DNA, about 1/30 the size of the human value. As a result, C. elegans has also provided a pilot system for the construction of physical maps of larger animal and plant genomes, and subsequently for the complete sequencing of those genomes. By mid-1995, approximately one-fifth of the complete DNA sequence of this animal had been determined. Caenorhabditis elegans provides a test bed not only for the development and application of mapping and sequencing technologies, but also for the interpretation and use of complete sequence information. This article reviews the progress so far toward a realizable goal--the total description of the genome of a simple animal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hodgkin, J -- Plasterk, R H -- Waterston, R H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):410-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569995" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Helminth ; *Genome ; Mutation ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 18
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    A neuropeptide gene defined by the Drosophila memory mutant amnesiac (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-12
    Description: Mutations in genes required for associative learning and memory in Drosophila exist, but isolation of the genes has been difficult because most are defined by a single, chemically induced allele. Here, a simplified genetic screen was used to identify candidate genes involved in learning and memory. Second site suppressors of the dunce (dnc) female sterility phenotype were isolated with the use of transposon mutagenesis. One suppressor mutation that was recovered mapped in the amnesiac (amn) gene. Cloning of the locus revealed that amn encodes a previously uncharacterized neuropeptide gene. Thus, with the cloning of amn, specific neuropeptides are implicated in the memory process.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feany, M B -- Quinn, W G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):869-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754370" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; Codon ; DNA Transposable Elements ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone/chemistry/genetics ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Mutation ; Neuropeptides/chemistry/*genetics ; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Suppression, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Requirement of FGF-4 for postimplantation mouse development (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-13
    Description: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are thought to influence many processes in vertebrate development because of their diverse sites of expression and wide range of biological activities in in vitro culture systems. As a means of elucidating embryonic functions of FGF-4, gene targeting was used to generate mice harboring a disrupted Fgf4 gene. Embryos homozygous for the null allele underwent uterine implantation and induced uterine decidualization but did not develop substantially thereafter. As was consistent with their behavior in vivo, Fgf4 null embryos cultured in vitro displayed severely impaired proliferation of the inner cell mass, whereas growth and differentiation of the inner cell mass were rescued when null embryos were cultured in the presence of FGF-4 protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feldman, B -- Poueymirou, W -- Papaioannou, V E -- DeChiara, T M -- Goldfarb, M -- HD21988/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD27198/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 13;267(5195):246-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biophysical Studies, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blastocyst/cytology/physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Culture Techniques ; Embryonic Development/*physiology ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/*physiology ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 4 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Gene Targeting ; Heterozygote ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morula/drug effects/physiology ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    How the brain creates imagery: projection to primary visual cortex (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyashita, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1719-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Eidetic Imagery/*physiology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Memory/*physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Visual Cortex/*physiology ; *Visual Perception
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Aggressive behavior and altered amounts of brain serotonin and norepinephrine in mice lacking MAOA (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-23
    Description: Deficiency in monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), an enzyme that degrades serotonin and norepinephrine, has recently been shown to be associated with aggressive behavior in men of a Dutch family. A line of transgenic mice was isolated in which transgene integration caused a deletion in the gene encoding MAOA, providing an animal model of MAOA deficiency. In pup brains, serotonin concentrations were increased up to ninefold, and serotonin-like immunoreactivity was present in catecholaminergic neurons. In pup and adult brains, norepinephrine concentrations were increased up to twofold, and cytoarchitectural changes were observed in the somatosensory cortex. Pup behavioral alterations, including trembling, difficulty in righting, and fearfulness were reversed by the serotonin synthesis inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine. Adults manifested a distinct behavioral syndrome, including enhanced aggression in males.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844866/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844866/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cases, O -- Seif, I -- Grimsby, J -- Gaspar, P -- Chen, K -- Pournin, S -- Muller, U -- Aguet, M -- Babinet, C -- Shih, J C -- K05 MH 00796/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH 37020/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH 39085/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH039085/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R37 MH039085-23/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 23;268(5218):1763-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unite de Recherche Associee (URA), Institut Curie, Orsay, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7792602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/*physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Southern ; Brain/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; Interferon-beta/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Monoamine Oxidase/*deficiency ; Norepinephrine/*metabolism ; Sequence Deletion ; Serotonin/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    A molecular approach to cancer risk (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):356-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716533" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carcinogenicity Tests ; Carcinogens/*toxicity ; Chloroform/toxicity ; Dioxins/toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Risk Assessment ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Telomeres: beginning to understand the end (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-08
    Description: Telomeres are the protein-DNA structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. In yeast, and probably most other eukaryotes, telomeres are essential. They allow the cell to distinguish intact from broken chromosomes, protect chromosomes from degradation, and are substrates for novel replication mechanisms. Telomeres are usually replicated by telomerase, a telomere-specific reverse transcriptase, although telomerase-independent mechanisms of telomere maintenance exist. Telomere replication is both cell cycle- and developmentally regulated, and its control is likely to be complex. Because telomere loss causes the kinds of chromosomal changes associated with cancer and aging, an understanding of telomere biology has medical relevance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zakian, V A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 8;270(5242):1601-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle ; Chromosomes/metabolism/physiology ; DNA/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA Replication ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Telomerase/metabolism ; Telomere/chemistry/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 24
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    Protein lipidation in cell signaling (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-14
    Description: The ability of cells to communicate with and respond to their external environment is critical for their continued existence. A universal feature of this communication is that the external signal must in some way penetrate the lipid bilayer surrounding the cell. In most cases of such signal acquisition, the signaling entity itself does not directly enter the cell but rather transmits its information to specific proteins present on the surface of the cell membrane. These proteins then communicate with additional proteins associated with the intracellular face of the membrane. Membrane localization and function of many of these proteins are dependent on their covalent modification by specific lipids, and it is the processes involved that form the focus of this article.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casey, P J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 14;268(5208):221-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710-3686, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/*metabolism ; *Lipid Metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The complexities of conception (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aitken, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):39-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, Edinburgh, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7604276" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Egg Proteins/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lectins/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions/*physiology ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Zona Pellucida/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 26
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    Localization of protein kinases by anchoring proteins: a theme in signal transduction (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-14
    Description: A fundamental question in signal transduction is how stimulation of a specific protein kinase leads to phosphorylation of particular protein substrates throughout the cell. Recent studies indicate that specific anchoring proteins located at various sites in the cell compartmentalize the kinases to their sites of action. Inhibitors of the interactions between kinases and their anchoring proteins inhibit the functions mediated by the kinases. These data indicate that the location of these anchoring proteins provides some of the specificity of the responses mediated by each kinase and suggest that inhibitors of the interaction between the kinases and their anchoring proteins may be useful as therapeutic agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mochly-Rosen, D -- R01 HL-43380/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 14;268(5208):247-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA 94305-5332, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716516" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Humans ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction
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  • 27
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    Peptide binding and presentation by mouse CD1 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-14
    Description: CD1 molecules are distantly related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins. They are of unknown function. Screening random peptide phage display libraries with soluble empty mouse CD1 (mCD1) identified a peptide binding motif. It consists of three anchor positions occupied by aromatic or bulky hydrophobic amino acids. Equilibrium binding studies demonstrated that mCD1 binds peptides containing the appropriate motif with relatively high affinity. However, in contrast to classical MHC class I molecules, strong binding to mCD1 required relatively long peptides. Peptide-specific, mCD1-restricted T cell responses can be raised, which suggests that the findings are of immunological significance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castano, A R -- Tangri, S -- Miller, J E -- Holcombe, H R -- Jackson, M R -- Huse, W D -- Kronenberg, M -- Peterson, P A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 14;269(5221):223-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7542403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigen Presentation ; Antigens, CD/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD1 ; Cell Line ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptides/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Transfection
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 28
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    The RNA component of human telomerase (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: Eukaryotic chromosomes are capped with repetitive telomere sequences that protect the ends from damage and rearrangements. Telomere repeats are synthesized by telomerase, a ribonucleic acid (RNA)-protein complex. Here, the cloning of the RNA component of human telomerase, termed hTR, is described. The template region of hTR encompasses 11 nucleotides (5'-CUAACCCUAAC) complementary to the human telomere sequence (TTAGGG)n. Germline tissues and tumor cell lines expressed more hTR than normal somatic cells and tissues, which have no detectable telomerase activity. Human cell lines that expressed hTR mutated in the template region generated the predicted mutant telomerase activity. HeLa cells transfected with an antisense hTR lost telomeric DNA and began to die after 23 to 26 doublings. Thus, human telomerase is a critical enzyme for the long-term proliferation of immortal tumor cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feng, J -- Funk, W D -- Wang, S S -- Weinrich, S L -- Avilion, A A -- Chiu, C P -- Adams, R R -- Chang, E -- Allsopp, R C -- Yu, J -- AG09383/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1236-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Geron Corporation, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7544491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Death ; *Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Templates, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 29
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    Environmental toxicants under scrutiny at Baltimore meeting (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 24;267(5205):1770-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7892597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Environmental Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Ozone/*adverse effects ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*adverse effects ; Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology ; Smoke/*adverse effects ; Thyroid Hormones/metabolism ; Water Purification/methods
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Exploring transgenic plants as a new vaccine source (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moffat, A S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):658, 660.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732373" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Plants, Genetically Modified/*immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/*biosynthesis/immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Inhibition of proteasome activities and subunit-specific amino-terminal threonine modification by lactacystin (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-05
    Description: Lactacystin is a Streptomyces metabolite that inhibits cell cycle progression and induces neurite outgrowth in a murine neuroblastoma cell line. Tritium-labeled lactacystin was used to identify the 20S proteasome as its specific cellular target. Three distinct peptidase activities of this enzyme complex (trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, and peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolyzing activities) were inhibited by lactacystin, the first two irreversibly and all at different rates. None of five other proteases were inhibited, and the ability of lactacystin analogs to inhibit cell cycle progression and induce neurite outgrowth correlated with their ability to inhibit the proteasome. Lactacystin appears to modify covalently the highly conserved amino-terminal threonine of the mammalian proteasome subunit X (also called MB1), a close homolog of the LMP7 proteasome subunit encoded by the major histocompatibility complex. This threonine residue may therefore have a catalytic role, and subunit X/MB1 may be a core component of an amino-terminal-threonine protease activity of the proteasome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fenteany, G -- Standaert, R F -- Lane, W S -- Choi, S -- Corey, E J -- Schreiber, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):726-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcysteine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cattle ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/*drug effects/metabolism ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multienzyme Complexes/*drug effects/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/*drug effects ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Threonine/*drug effects ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Test animals and risk (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holtzman, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1101.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502020" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; *Toxicity Tests/statistics & numerical data
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    Participation of the human beta-globin locus control region in initiation of DNA replication (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: The human beta-globin locus control region (LCR) controls the transcription, chromatin structure, and replication timing of the entire locus. DNA replication was found to initiate in a transcription-independent manner within a region located 50 kilobases downstream of the LCR in human, mouse, and chicken cells containing the entire human beta-globin locus. However, DNA replication did not initiate within a deletion mutant locus lacking the sequences that encompass the LCR. This mutant locus replicated in the 3' to 5' direction. Thus, interactions between distantly separated sequences can be required for replication initiation, and factors mediating this interaction appear to be conserved in evolution.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aladjem, M I -- Groudine, M -- Brody, L L -- Dieken, E S -- Fournier, R E -- Wahl, G M -- Epner, E M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):815-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Biological Evolution ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; *DNA Replication ; Globins/*genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Deletion ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Immune system impairment and hepatic fibrosis in mice lacking the dioxin-binding Ah receptor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-05
    Description: The aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor (AHR) mediates many carcinogenic and teratogenic effects of environmentally toxic chemicals such as dioxin. An AHR-deficient (Ahr-/-) mouse line was constructed by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Almost half of the mice died shortly after birth, whereas survivors reached maturity and were fertile. The Ahr-/- mice showed decreased accumulation of lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes, but not in the thymus. The livers of Ahr-/- mice were reduced in size by 50 percent and showed bile duct fibrosis Ahr-/- mice were also nonresponsive with regard to dioxin-mediated induction of genes encoding enzymes that catalyze the metabolism of foreign compounds. Thus, the AHR plays an important role in the development of the liver and the immune system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fernandez-Salguero, P -- Pineau, T -- Hilbert, D M -- McPhail, T -- Lee, S S -- Kimura, S -- Nebert, D W -- Rudikoff, S -- Ward, J M -- Gonzalez, F J -- P30 ES06096/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- R01 ES06811/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 5;268(5211):722-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7732381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/physiology ; Immunity/*physiology ; Liver/*physiology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental/genetics/pathology ; Lymphoid Tissue/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics/*physiology
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    Genome maps. VI. Caenorhabditis elegans. Wall chart (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chalfie, M -- Eddy, S -- Hengartner, M O -- Hodgkin, J -- Kohara, Y -- Plasterk, R H -- Waterston, R H -- White, J G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):415-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Gene Expression ; *Genes, Helminth ; *Genome ; Molecular Sequence Data
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    Regulation of ion channels by ABC transporters that secrete ATP (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉al-Awqati, Q -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):805-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7543697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*secretion ; Animals ; Chloride Channels/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; Humans ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; Potassium Channels/metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Receptors, Drug/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/metabolism ; Sulfonylurea Compounds/metabolism ; Sulfonylurea Receptors
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    Structure of a complex of two plasma proteins: transthyretin and retinol-binding protein (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: The three-dimensional structure of the complex formed by two plasma proteins, transthyretin and retinol-binding protein, was determined from x-ray diffraction data to a nominal resolution of 3.1 angstroms. One tetramer of transthyretin was bound to two molecules of retinol-binding protein. The two retinol-binding protein molecules established molecular interactions with the same transthyretin dimer, and each also made contacts with one of the other two monomers. Thus, the other two potential binding sites in a transthyretin tetramer were blocked. The amino acid residues of the retinol-binding protein that were involved in the contacts were close to the retinol-binding site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monaco, H L -- Rizzi, M -- Coda, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):1039-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, University of Pavia, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754382" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Biopolymers ; Chickens ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Prealbumin/*chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Retinol-Binding Proteins/*chemistry ; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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    Springs for wings (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Alexander, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):50-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pure and Applied Biology, University of Leeds, England.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701341" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila/physiology ; Elasticity ; Flight, Animal/*physiology ; Insects/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Wings, Animal/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 39
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    Requirement for Src family protein tyrosine kinases in G2 for fibroblast cell division (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-15
    Description: The protein tyrosine kinase c-Src is transiently activated at the transition from the G2 phase to mitosis in the cell cycle of mammalian fibroblasts. Fyn and Yes, the other members of the Src family present in fibroblasts, were also found to be activated at mitosis. In cells microinjected with a neutralizing antibody specific for Src, Fyn, and Yes (anti-cst.1) during G2, cell division was inhibited by 75 percent. The block occurred before nuclear envelope breakdown. Antibodies specific for phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase alpha and phospholipase C-gamma 1 had no effect. Microinjection of the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of Fyn was also inhibitory. Functional redundancy between members of the Src family was observed; a Src-specific antibody had no effect in NIH 3T3 cells but inhibited cell division in fibroblasts in which the only functional Src family kinase was Src itself. Thus, Src family kinases and proteins associating with their SH2 domains are required for entry into mitosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roche, S -- Fumagalli, S -- Courtneidge, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 15;269(5230):1567-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) faculte de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7545311" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Enzyme Activation ; *G2 Phase ; Isoenzymes/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Microinjections ; *Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nocodazole/pharmacology ; Phospholipase C gamma ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/immunology/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-yes ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60(c-src)/immunology/metabolism ; Type C Phospholipases/immunology/metabolism ; *src-Family Kinases
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    Requirement of serine phosphorylation for formation of STAT-promoter complexes (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-31
    Description: Members of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines bind to and activate receptors that contain a common subunit, gp130. This leads to the activation of Stat3 and Stat1, two cytoplasmic signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), by tyrosine phosphorylation. Serine phosphorylation of Stat3 was constitutive and was enhanced by signaling through gp130. In cells of lymphoid and neuronal origins, inhibition of serine phosphorylation prevented the formation of complexes of DNA with Stat3-Stat3 but not with Stat3-Stat1 or Stat1-Stat1 dimers. In vitro serine dephosphorylation of Stat3 also inhibited DNA binding of Stat3-Stat3. The requirement of serine phosphorylation for Stat3-Stat3.DNA complex formation was inversely correlated with the affinity of Stat3-Stat3 for the binding site. Thus, serine phosphorylation appears to enhance or to be required for the formation of stable Stat3-Stat3.DNA complexes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, X -- Blenis, J -- Li, H C -- Schindler, C -- Chen-Kiang, S -- CA46595/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HL 21006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 31;267(5206):1990-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Brookdale Center for Molecular Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701321" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Isoquinolines/pharmacology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Piperazines/pharmacology ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Serine/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Threonine/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/*metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tyrosine/metabolism
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    Cracking the neuronal code (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferster, D -- Spruston, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):756-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex/cytology/physiology ; Brain/cytology/*physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Hippocampus/cytology/physiology ; Kinetics ; *Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Visual Cortex/cytology/physiology
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  • 42
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    Genetic feminization of brain structures and changed sexual orientation in male Drosophila (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-10
    Description: The neural basis of sexual orientation in Drosophila was studied by the production of males with regionally feminized brains. Such flies express the female form of the sex determination gene transformer in a limited number of neurons under the control of GAL4 enhancer trap inserts. This method facilitated the creation of lines with a stable pattern of feminization. In tests of sexual preferences, flies that were feminized in a portion of the antennal lobes or in a subset of the corpora pedunculata (mushroom bodies) courted both males and females. These two brain structures, both of which are involved in olfactory processing, may function in the recognition of sex-specific pheromones, in the control of sex-specific behaviors, or both.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferveur, J F -- Stortkuhl, K F -- Stocker, R F -- Greenspan, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):902-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, New York University, NY 10003.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7846534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bisexuality ; Brain/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Male ; Sex Attractants/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Smell
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  • 43
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    Cytostatic gene therapy for vascular proliferative disorders with a constitutively active form of the retinoblastoma gene product (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in response to injury is an important etiologic factor in vascular proliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. The retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) is present in the unphosphorylated and active form in quiescent primary arterial SMCs, but is rapidly inactivated by phosphorylation in response to growth factor stimulation in vitro. A replication-defective adenovirus encoding a nonphosphorylatable, constitutively active form of Rb was constructed. Infection of cultured primary rat aortic SMCs with this virus inhibited growth factor-stimulated cell proliferation in vitro. Localized arterial infection with the virus at the time of balloon angioplasty significantly reduced SMC proliferation and neointima formation in both the rat carotid and porcine femoral artery models of restenosis. These results demonstrate the role of Rb in regulating vascular SMC proliferation and suggest a gene therapy approach for vascular proliferative disorders associated with arterial injury.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, M W -- Barr, E -- Seltzer, J -- Jiang, Y Q -- Nabel, G J -- Nabel, E G -- Parmacek, M S -- Leiden, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):518-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824950" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenoviridae/genetics/physiology ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blood ; Carotid Arteries/virology ; Cell Division ; Disease Models, Animal ; Femoral Artery/virology ; *Genes, Retinoblastoma ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*cytology/pathology/virology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Retinoblastoma Protein/*physiology ; Swine ; Vascular Diseases/pathology/*therapy
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    Rules would drop need for clinical data (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 6;267(5194):23-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809603" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotechnology/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; *Patents as Topic ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 45
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    Ras-dependent induction of cellular responses by constitutively active phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: Phosphatidylinositol (Pl)-3 kinase is one of many enzymes stimulated by growth factors. A constitutively activated mutant, p110, that functions independently of growth factor stimulation was constructed to determine the specific responses regulated by Pl-3 kinase. The p110 protein exhibited high specific activity as a Pl-3 kinase and as a protein kinase. Expression of p110 in NIH 3T3 cells induced transcription from the fos promoter. Co-expression of dominant negative Ras blocked this response. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, p110 increased the amount of guanosine 5'-triphosphate-bound Ras, caused activation of the Ras effector Raf-1, and induced Ras-dependent oocyte maturation. These findings show that Pl-3 kinase can stimulate diverse Ras-dependent cellular processes, including oocyte maturation and fos transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Q -- Klippel, A -- Muslin, A J -- Fantl, W J -- Williams, L T -- R01 HL32898/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):100-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0130, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701328" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Genes, fos/genetics ; Mice ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/biosynthesis/*physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis ; Signal Transduction/*physiology ; Transcription, Genetic/physiology ; Xenopus laevis ; ras Proteins/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Regeneration and mammalian auditory hair cells (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chardin, S -- Romand, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 3;267(5198):707-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839151" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cilia/ultrastructure ; Culture Media ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/drug effects/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Neomycin/pharmacology ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Organ of Corti/drug effects/physiology/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration/*drug effects ; Tretinoin/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Crystal structure of the V alpha domain of a T cell antigen receptor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: The crystal structure of the V alpha domain of a T cell antigen receptor (TCR) was determined at a resolution of 2.2 angstroms. This structure represents an immunoglobulin topology set different from those previously described. A switch in a polypeptide strand from one beta sheet to the other enables a pair of V alpha homodimers to pack together to form a tetramer, such that the homodimers are parallel to each other and all hypervariable loops face in one direction. On the basis of the observed mode of V alpha association, a model of an (alpha beta)2 TCR tetramer can be positioned relative to the major histocompatibility complex class II (alpha beta)2 tetramer with the third hypervariable loop of V alpha over the amino-terminal portion of the antigenic peptide and the corresponding loop of V beta over its carboxyl-terminal residues. TCR dimerization that is mediated by the alpha chain may contribute to the coupling of antigen recognition to signal transduction during T cell activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fields, B A -- Ober, B -- Malchiodi, E L -- Lebedeva, M I -- Braden, B C -- Ysern, X -- Kim, J K -- Shao, X -- Ward, E S -- Mariuzza, R A -- AI31592/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM52801/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1821-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*chemistry/immunology
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    Detecting dinosaur DNA (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zischler, H -- Hoss, M -- Handt, O -- von Haeseler, A -- van der Kuyl, A C -- Goudsmit, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 26;268(5214):1192-3; author reply 1194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7605504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cytochrome b Group/*genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; *Fossils ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Potentiation of transmitter release by ciliary neurotrophic factor requires somatic signaling (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-03
    Description: Neurotrophic factors participate in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Application of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a protein that promotes survival of motor neurons, resulted in an immediate potentiation of spontaneous and impulse-evoked transmitter release at developing neuromuscular synapses in Xenopus cell cultures. When CNTF was applied at the synapse, the onset of the potentiation was slower than that produced by application at the cell body of the presynaptic neuron. The potentiation effect was abolished when the neurite shaft was severed from the cell body. Thus, transmitter secretion from the nerve terminals is under immediate somatic control and can be regulated by CNTF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stoop, R -- Poo, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 3;267(5198):695-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839148" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*metabolism ; Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Neurites/physiology ; Neuromuscular Junction/drug effects/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Receptor, Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Synapses/drug effects/*metabolism ; Synaptic Transmission ; Xenopus
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    Dogfight erupts over animal studies in the Serengeti (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1302-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Identification Systems ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Carnivora ; Handling (Psychology) ; Rabies/etiology/*veterinary ; Stress, Physiological/complications/*veterinary ; Tanzania
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    Crystal structure of the xanthine oxidase-related aldehyde oxido-reductase from D. gigas (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: The crystal structure of the aldehyde oxido-reductase (Mop) from the sulfate reducing anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium Desulfovibrio gigas has been determined at 2.25 A resolution by multiple isomorphous replacement and refined. The protein, a homodimer of 907 amino acid residues subunits, is a member of the xanthine oxidase family. The protein contains a molybdopterin cofactor (Mo-co) and two different [2Fe-2S] centers. It is folded into four domains of which the first two bind the iron sulfur centers and the last two are involved in Mo-co binding. Mo-co is a molybdenum molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide. Molybdopterin forms a tricyclic system with the pterin bicycle annealed to a pyran ring. The molybdopterin dinucleotide is deeply buried in the protein. The cis-dithiolene group of the pyran ring binds the molybdenum, which is coordinated by three more (oxygen) ligands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Romao, M J -- Archer, M -- Moura, I -- Moura, J J -- LeGall, J -- Engh, R -- Schneider, M -- Hof, P -- Huber, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1170-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica, Oeiras, Portugal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Coenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytosine Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism ; Desulfovibrio/*enzymology ; Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology ; Electron Transport ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Iron/chemistry ; Ligands ; Metalloproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molybdenum/chemistry/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Pteridines/chemistry/metabolism ; Pterins/chemistry/metabolism ; Xanthine ; Xanthine Oxidase/*chemistry ; Xanthines/metabolism
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    Linked regularities in the development and evolution of mammalian brains (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-16
    Description: Analysis of data collected on 131 species of primates, bats, and insectivores showed that the sizes of brain components, from medulla to forebrain, are highly predictable from absolute brain size by a nonlinear function. The order of neurogenesis was found to be highly conserved across a wide range of mammals and to correlate with the relative enlargement of structures as brain size increases, with disproportionately large growth occurring in late-generated structures. Because the order of neurogenesis is conserved, the most likely brain alteration resulting from selection for any behavioral ability may be a coordinated enlargement of the entire nonolfactory brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finlay, B L -- Darlington, R B -- NS19245/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 16;268(5217):1578-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Uris Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7777856" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology/cytology/growth & development ; Cell Division ; Chiroptera/anatomy & histology ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Insectivora/anatomy & histology ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology ; Models, Neurological ; Models, Statistical ; Neurons/*cytology ; Primates/anatomy & histology ; Regression Analysis ; Species Specificity
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    Detecting dinosaur DNA (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allard, M W -- Young, D -- Huyen, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 26;268(5214):1192; author reply 1194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7761840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/chemistry ; Cytochrome b Group/*genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; Humans ; Mammals/genetics ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    African origins: west side story (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1117.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502032" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; *Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans
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    Requirement for TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha in fetal thymocyte commitment and differentiation (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-06-30
    Description: CD25 expression occurs early in thymocyte differentiation. The mechanism of induction of CD25 before T cell receptor rearrangement and the importance of this mechanism for T cell development are unknown. In a thymus reconstitution assay, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), two cytokines produced within the thymic microenvironment, induced CD25 expression on early immature thymocytes. Either TNF-alpha or IL-1 alpha was necessary for further thymocyte maturation and CD4+CD8+ differentiation. In irradiated mice reconstituted with CD117+CD25+ thymocytes, commitment to the T cell lineage was marked by the loss of precursor multipotency.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuniga-Pflucker, J C -- Jiang, D -- Lenardo, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jun 30;268(5219):1906-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7541554" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*cytology/immunology ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology/*physiology ; Interleukin-7/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, SCID ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/*biosynthesis ; Stromal Cells/physiology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*cytology/immunology ; Thymus Gland/cytology/*embryology/immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology/*physiology
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    Defects in the barrier (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roop, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 27;267(5197):474-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7529942" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Humans ; Ichthyosis/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Ichthyosis, Lamellar/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Intermediate Filaments/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Keratinocytes/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Keratins/genetics ; Lipid Metabolism ; Mutation ; Transglutaminases/genetics/metabolism
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    Cowardly lions confound cooperation theory (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 1;269(5228):1216-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652566" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Female ; Game Theory ; Lions/*psychology ; *Territoriality
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    Integrins and modulation of transmitter release from motor nerve terminals by stretch (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-15
    Description: The stretch of a frog muscle within the physiological range can more than double the spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter from its motor nerve terminals. Here, stretch enhancement of release was suppressed by peptides containing the sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD), which blocks integrin binding. Integrin antibodies also inhibited the enhancement obtained by stretching. Stretch enhancement depended on intraterminal calcium derived both from external calcium and from internal stores. Muscle stretch thus might enhance the release of neurotransmitters either by elevating internal calcium concentrations or by increasing the sensitivity of transmitter release to calcium in the nerve terminal.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, B M -- Grinnell, A D -- NS06232/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30673/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 15;269(5230):1578-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jerry Lewis Neuromuscular Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, 90024, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7667637" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Integrins/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Microelectrodes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Endplate/physiology ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Oligopeptides/pharmacology ; Rana pipiens
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    Control of cell fate by a deubiquitinating enzyme encoded by the fat facets gene (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-15
    Description: Ubiquitin is a highly conserved polypeptide found in all eukaryotes. The major function of ubiquitin is to target proteins for complete or partial degradation by a multisubunit protein complex called the proteasome. Here, the Drosophila fat facets gene, which is required for the appropriate determination of particular cells in the fly eye, was shown to encode a ubiquitin-specific protease (Ubp), an enzyme that cleaves ubiquitin from ubiquitin-protein conjugates. The Fat facets protein (FAF) acts as a regulatory Ubp that prevents degradation of its substrate by the proteasome. Flies bearing fat facets gene mutations were used to show that a Ubp is cell type--and substrate-specific and a regulator of cell fate decisions in a multicellular organism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Y -- Baker, R T -- Fischer-Vize, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1828-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin 78712, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8525378" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Drosophila/embryology/enzymology/genetics ; Endopeptidases/genetics/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; Eye/embryology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Ubiquitins/*metabolism ; beta-Galactosidase/genetics
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    PER protein interactions and temperature compensation of a circadian clock in Drosophila (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-24
    Description: The periods of circadian clocks are relatively temperature-insensitive. Indeed, the perL mutation in the Drosophila melanogaster period gene, a central component of the clock, affects temperature compensation as well as period length. The per protein (PER) contains a dimerization domain (PAS) within which the perL mutation is located. Amino acid substitutions at the perL position rendered PER dimerization temperature-sensitive. In addition, another region of PER interacted with PAS, and the perL mutation enhanced this putative intramolecular interaction, which may compete with PAS-PAS intermolecular interactions. Therefore, temperature compensation of circadian period in Drosophila may be due in part to temperature-independent PER activity, which is based on competition between inter- and intramolecular interactions with similar temperature coefficients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, Z J -- Curtin, K D -- Rosbash, M -- GM-33205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 24;267(5201):1169-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University, Department of Biology, Waltham, MA 02254.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7855598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Clocks ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Insect ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Period Circadian Proteins ; Point Mutation ; Temperature
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    Zeroing in on how hormones affect the immune system (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):773-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638587" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases/etiology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Estrogens/*physiology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genitalia, Female/physiology ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*physiology ; Humans ; Immune System/*physiology ; Infection/immunology ; Male ; Menopause ; *Menstrual Cycle
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The white gene of Ceratitis capitata: a phenotypic marker for germline transformation (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-22
    Description: Reliable germline transformation is required for molecular studies and ultimately for genetic control of economically important insects, such as the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata. A prerequisite for the establishment and maintenance of transformant lines is selectable or phenotypically dominant markers. To this end, a complementary DNA clone derived from the medfly white gene was isolated, which showed substantial similarity to white genes in Drosophila melanogaster and other Diptera. It is correlated with a spontaneous mutation causing white eyes in the medfly and can be used to restore partial eye color in transgenic Drosophila carrying a null mutation in the endogenous white gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zwiebel, L J -- Saccone, G -- Zacharopoulou, A -- Besansky, N J -- Favia, G -- Collins, F H -- Louis, C -- Kafatos, F C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):2005-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8533095" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Diptera/chemistry/*genetics ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Eye Color/genetics ; Eye Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; *Genes, Insect ; Genetic Markers ; Insect Hormones/chemistry/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Sequence Alignment ; *Transformation, Genetic
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Unraveling immune privilege (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Streilein, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1158-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anterior Chamber/immunology ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Graft Rejection ; Graft Survival ; *Immune Tolerance ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Sertoli Cells/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Transplantation Immunology
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    Have 25-million-year-old bacteria returned to life? (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischman, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):977.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amber ; Animals ; Bacillus/genetics ; *Bacteria/genetics/isolation & purification ; Bees/*microbiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; *Fossils ; Spores, Bacterial/isolation & purification
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Why mammal ears went on the move (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischman, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 1;270(5241):1436.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7491485" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Ear Ossicles/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Ear, Middle/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Hearing ; Mammals/*anatomy & histology ; *Paleontology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Minor groove recognition of the conserved G.U pair at the Tetrahymena ribozyme reaction site (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-03
    Description: The guanine-uracil (G.U) base pair that helps to define the 5'-splice site of group I introns is phylogenetically highly conserved. In such a wobble base pair, G makes two hydrogen bonds with U in a geometry shifted from that of a canonical Watson-Crick pair. The contribution made by individual functional groups of the G.U pair in the context of the Tetrahymena ribozyme was examined by replacement of the G.U pair with synthetic base pairs that maintain a wobble configuration, but that systematically alter functional groups in the major and minor grooves of the duplex. The substitutions demonstrate that the exocyclic amine of G, when presented on the minor groove surface by the wobble base pair conformation, contributes substantially (2 kilocalories.mole-1) to binding by making a tertiary interaction with the ribozyme active site. It contributes additionally to transition state stabilization. The ribozyme active site also makes tertiary contacts with a tripod of 2'-hydroxyls on the minor groove surface of the splice site helix. This suggests that the ribozyme binds the duplex primarily in the minor groove. The alanyl aminoacyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase recognizes the exocyclic amine of an invariant G.U pair and contacts a similar array of 2'-hydroxyls when binding the tRNA(Ala) acceptor stem, providing an unanticipated parallel between protein-RNA and RNA-RNA interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strobel, S A -- Cech, T R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 3;267(5198):675-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839142" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Exons ; Guanine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Guanosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Oligoribonucleotides/*metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Catalytic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Tetrahymena/enzymology ; Uracil/chemistry/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The Yin and Yang of T cell costimulation (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allison, J P -- Krummel, M F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):932-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Animals ; Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/*immunology ; Antigens, CD80/immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation/*immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Aggression in mice and men? (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rose, S P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):362-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aggression ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Monoamine Oxidase/*deficiency/genetics
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    Chimpanzee outbreak heats up search for Ebola origin (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):974-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ape Diseases/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Cote d'Ivoire/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Disease Reservoirs ; *Ebolavirus ; Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/*virology ; Seasons ; Zoonoses
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    An STS-based map of the human genome (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-12-22
    Description: A physical map has been constructed of the human genome containing 15,086 sequence-tagged sites (STSs), with an average spacing of 199 kilobases. The project involved assembly of a radiation hybrid map of the human genome containing 6193 loci and incorporated a genetic linkage map of the human genome containing 5264 loci. This information was combined with the results of STS-content screening of 10,850 loci against a yeast artificial chromosome library to produce an integrated map, anchored by the radiation hybrid and genetic maps. The map provides radiation hybrid coverage of 99 percent and physical coverage of 94 percent of the human genome. The map also represents an early step in an international project to generate a transcript map of the human genome, with more than 3235 expressed sequences localized. The STSs in the map provide a scaffold for initiating large-scale sequencing of the human genome.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hudson, T J -- Stein, L D -- Gerety, S S -- Ma, J -- Castle, A B -- Silva, J -- Slonim, D K -- Baptista, R -- Kruglyak, L -- Xu, S H -- Hu, X -- Colbert, A M -- Rosenberg, C -- Reeve-Daly, M P -- Rozen, S -- Hui, L -- Wu, X -- Vestergaard, C -- Wilson, K M -- Bae, J S -- Maitra, S -- Ganiatsas, S -- Evans, C A -- DeAngelis, M M -- Ingalls, K A -- Nahf, R W -- Horton, L T Jr -- Anderson, M O -- Collymore, A J -- Ye, W -- Kouyoumjian, V -- Zemsteva, I S -- Tam, J -- Devine, R -- Courtney, D F -- Renaud, M T -- Nguyen, H -- O'Connor, T J -- Fizames, C -- Faure, S -- Gyapay, G -- Dib, C -- Morissette, J -- Orlin, J B -- Birren, B W -- Goodman, N -- Weissenbach, J -- Hawkins, T L -- Foote, S -- Page, D C -- Lander, E S -- HG00017/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- HG00098/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 22;270(5244):1945-54.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead-MIT Center for Genome Research, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8533086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; Databases, Factual ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Markers ; *Genome, Human ; *Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Sequence Tagged Sites
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    A region of adenylyl cyclase 2 critical for regulation by G protein beta gamma subunits (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-26
    Description: Receptor-mediated activation of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) results in the dissociation of alpha from beta gamma subunits, thereby allowing both to regulate effectors. Little is known about the regions of effectors required for recognition of G beta gamma. A peptide encoding residues 956 to 982 of adenylyl cyclase 2 specifically blocked G beta gamma stimulation of adenylyl cyclase 2, phospholipase C-beta 3, potassium channels, and beta-adrenergic receptor kinase as well as inhibition of calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclases, but had no effect on interactions between G beta gamma and G alpha o. Substitutions in this peptide identified a functionally important motif, Gln-X-X-Glu-Arg, that is also conserved in regions of potassium channels and beta-adrenergic receptor kinases that participate in G beta gamma interactions. Thus, the region defined by residues 956 to 982 of adenylyl cyclase 2 may contain determinants important for receiving signals from G beta gamma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, J -- DeVivo, M -- Dingus, J -- Harry, A -- Li, J -- Sui, J -- Carty, D J -- Blank, J L -- Exton, J H -- Stoffel, R H -- CA-44998/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK-37219/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK-38761/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 26;268(5214):1166-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, NY 10029, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7761832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors ; Adenylyl Cyclases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation/physiology ; GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*physiology ; Guanosine Triphosphate/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/chemical synthesis/chemistry/physiology ; Potassium Channels/physiology ; Rats ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
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    Anthropologists overturn old ideas about new developments (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fischman, J -- Gibbons, A -- Culotta, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 21;268(5209):364-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7716536" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthropology ; Behavior ; Female ; Fossils ; Genetic Variation ; Haplorhini/physiology ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Humerus/anatomy & histology ; Labor, Obstetric ; Male ; Melanesia ; Pregnancy
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    Primate genetics. Getting the poop on baboon DNA (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 3;267(5198):615-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839135" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA/analysis/*genetics ; DNA Primers ; DNA, Satellite ; Feces/*chemistry ; Male ; Papio/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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    TRAF2-mediated activation of NF-kappa B by TNF receptor 2 and CD40 (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-08
    Description: TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) proteins are candidate signal transducers that associate with the cytoplasmic domains of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. The role of TRAFs in the TNF-R2 and CD40 signal transduction pathways, which result in the activation of transcription factor NF-kappa B, was investigated. Overexpression of TRAF2, but not TRAF1 or TRAF3, was sufficient to induce NF-kappa B activation. A truncated derivative of TRAF2 lacking an amino-terminal RING finger domain was a dominant-negative inhibitor of NF-kappa B activation mediated by TNF-R2 and CD40. Thus, TRAF2 is a common mediator of TNF-R2 and CD40 signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rothe, M -- Sarma, V -- Dixit, V M -- Goeddel, D V -- CA64803/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 8;269(5229):1424-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Department, Tularik, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7544915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD40 ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/*metabolism ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 ; Transfection
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    Mechanisms of rhodopsin inactivation in vivo as revealed by a COOH-terminal truncation mutant (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-20
    Description: Although biochemical experiments suggest that rhodopsin and other receptors coupled to heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins (G proteins) are inactivated by phosphorylation near the carboxyl (COOH)-terminus and the subsequent binding of a capping protein, little is known about the quenching process in vivo. Flash responses were recorded from rods of transgenic mice in which a fraction of the rhodopsin molecules lacked the COOH-terminal phosphorylation sites. In the single photon regime, abnormally prolonged responses, attributed to activation of individual truncated rhodopsins, occurred interspersed with normal responses. The occurrence of the prolonged responses suggests that phosphorylation is required for normal shutoff. Comparison of normal and prolonged single photon responses indicated that rhodopsin begins to be quenched before the peak of the electrical response and that quenching limits the response amplitude.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, J -- Makino, C L -- Peachey, N S -- Baylor, D A -- Simon, M I -- AG12288/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- EY0570/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- F32 EY06405/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 20;267(5196):374-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Electroretinography ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Phosphorylation ; Photic Stimulation ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/metabolism/*physiology ; Rhodopsin/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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    Monitoring release of neurotrophic activity in the brains of awake rats (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: Intracerebral microdialysis of awake rats was used to monitor the possible release of neurotrophic factors from brain cells in response to injury and excitation. Perfusates were tested with ganglia bioassays and enzyme immunoassay. Trophic activity was released after implantation of the microdialysis probe into the hippocampus but not into the striatum, as assessed by increased nerve fiber outgrowth from Remak's ganglion. Kainic acid treatment significantly increased the release of trophic activity from hippocampal sites. These findings suggest that the brain responds to mechanical injury as well as to certain excitatory stimuli by regional extracellular release of neurotrophic activity that is not identical to the actions of known neurotrophic factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Humpel, C -- Lindqvist, E -- Soderstrom, S -- Kylberg, A -- Ebendal, T -- Olson, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):552-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Assay ; Chick Embryo ; Corpus Striatum/drug effects/*metabolism ; Ganglia/drug effects/physiology ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*metabolism ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Kainic Acid/pharmacology ; Microdialysis ; Nerve Fibers/drug effects/physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Neurotrophin 3 ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Limb development. Gene ties arthropods together (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roush, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1297.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/*genetics/growth & development ; Biological Evolution ; Crustacea/*genetics/growth & development ; Extremities/growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Homeobox
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  • 78
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    Involvement of CRAF1, a relative of TRAF, in CD40 signaling (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-10
    Description: CD40 is a receptor on the surface of B lymphocytes, the activation of which leads to B cell survival, growth, and differentiation. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified a gene, CRAF1, encoding a protein that interacts directly with the CD40 cytoplasmic tail through a region of similarity to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor-associated factors. Overexpression of a truncated CRAF1 gene inhibited CD40-mediated up-regulation of CD23. A region of CRAF1 was similar to the TNF-alpha receptor-associated factors TRAF1 and TRAF2 and so defined a shared TRAF-C domain that was necessary and sufficient for CD40 binding and homodimerization. The CRAF1 sequence also predicted a long amphipathic helix, a pattern of five zinc fingers, and a zinc ring finger. It is likely that other members of the TNF receptor superfamily use CRAF-related proteins in their signal transduction processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheng, G -- Cleary, A M -- Ye, Z S -- Hong, D I -- Lederman, S -- Baltimore, D -- 5-T32-GM07367/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- A122346/PHS HHS/ -- R01-CA55713/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 10;267(5203):1494-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7533327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD40 ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, IgE/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; *Signal Transduction ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1 ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 ; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3 ; Up-Regulation ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 79
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    FDA: Congress mixes harsh medicine (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, A -- Stone, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 25;269(5227):1038, 1040-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7652549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotechnology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Drug Approval/legislation & jurisprudence/organization & administration ; Humans ; Investigational New Drug Application ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/*legislation & ; jurisprudence/organization & administration
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  • 80
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    Defining the first steps on the path toward cell specialization (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roush, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 27;270(5236):578-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7570013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacillus subtilis/cytology/genetics/*physiology ; Bacterial Proteins/*metabolism/*physiology ; Cell Division ; Chlorophyta/cytology ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Juvenile Hormones/physiology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/physiology ; Neurons/cytology ; Nuclear Proteins/physiology ; Phosphorylation ; Sigma Factor/*metabolism ; Spores, Bacterial/genetics/*physiology ; *Transcription Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 81
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    CFTR as a cAMP-dependent regulator of sodium channels (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), the gene product that is mutated in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, has a well-recognized function as a cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated chloride channel, but this property does not account for the abnormally high basal rate and cAMP sensitivity of sodium ion absorption in CF airway epithelia. Expression of complementary DNAs for rat epithelial Na+ channel (rENaC) alone in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells generated large amiloride-sensitive sodium currents that were stimulated by cAMP, whereas coexpression of human CFTR with rENaC generated smaller basal sodium currents that were inhibited by cAMP. Parallel studies that measured regulation of sodium permeability in fibroblasts showed similar results. In CF airway epithelia, the absence of this second function of CFTR as a cAMP-dependent regulator likely accounts for abnormal sodium transport.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stutts, M J -- Canessa, C M -- Olsen, J C -- Hamrick, M -- Cohn, J A -- Rossier, B C -- Boucher, R C -- CFF R026/PHS HHS/ -- HL 34322/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 42384/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):847-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7020, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7543698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3T3 Cells ; Absorption ; Amiloride/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Chloride Channels/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis/*metabolism ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; DNA, Complementary ; Dogs ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium Channels/*metabolism ; Transfection
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    Nobel prizes: fly development work bears prize-winning fruit (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roush, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Oct 20;270(5235):380-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7569990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Genes, Homeobox ; *Genes, Insect ; Germany ; History, 20th Century ; *Nobel Prize ; United States
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  • 83
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    A simple genetic basis for a complex psychological trait in laboratory mice (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-08
    Description: Psychological traits are commonly inferred from covariation in sets of behavioral measures that otherwise appear to have little in common. Emotionality in mice is such a trait, defined here by covariation in activity and defecation in a novel environment and emergence into the open arms of an elevated plus maze. Behavioral and quantitative trait analyses were conducted on four measures obtained from 879 mice from an F2 intercross. Three loci, on murine chromosomes 1, 12, and 15, were mapped that influence emotionality. This trait, inferred from studies of strain, sex, and individual differences in rodents, may be related to human susceptibility to anxiety or neuroticism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flint, J -- Corley, R -- DeFries, J C -- Fulker, D W -- Gray, J A -- Miller, S -- Collins, A C -- DA-00197/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA-05131/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Sep 8;269(5229):1432-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7660127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Defecation ; *Emotions ; Female ; Genes ; *Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Variation ; Lod Score ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phenotype ; Regression Analysis
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  • 84
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    One signal, two body axes (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anderson, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):489-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7542799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/physiology ; Cell Polarity ; Drosophila/embryology/genetics/*physiology ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Insect Hormones/genetics/*physiology ; Microtubules/physiology ; Oocytes/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Oogenesis ; Ovary/cytology/physiology ; RNA/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; *Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factors/genetics/*physiology
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  • 85
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    Transition in specification of embryonic metazoan DNA replication origins (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-10
    Description: In early Xenopus embryos, in which ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) are not transcribed, rDNA replication initiates and terminates at 9- to 12-kilobase pair intervals, with no detectable dependence on specific DNA sequences. Resumption of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis at late blastula and early gastrula is accompanied by a specific repression of replication initiation within transcription units; the frequency of initiation within intergenic spacers remains as high as in early blastula. These results demonstrate that for rRNA genes, circumscribed zones of replication initiation emerge in intergenic DNA during the time in metazoan development when the chromatin is remodeled to allow gene transcription.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hyrien, O -- Maric, C -- Mechali, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 10;270(5238):994-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blastocyst/*metabolism ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Ribosomal/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Gastrula/*metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal/*biosynthesis/genetics ; *Replication Origin ; Transcription, Genetic ; Xenopus laevis
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  • 86
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    Conversion of Xenopus ectoderm into neurons by NeuroD, a basic helix-loop-helix protein (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-05-12
    Description: Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are instrumental in determining cell type during development. A bHLH protein, termed NeuroD, for neurogenic differentiation, has now been identified as a differentiation factor for neurogenesis because (i) it is expressed transiently in a subset of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems at the time of their terminal differentiation into mature neurons and (ii) ectopic expression of neuroD in Xenopus embryos causes premature differentiation of neuronal precursors. Furthermore, neuroD can convert presumptive epidermal cells into neurons and also act as a neuronal determination gene. However, unlike another previously identified proneural gene (XASH-3), neuroD seems competent to bypass the normal inhibitory influences that usually prevent neurogenesis in ventral and lateral ectoderm and is capable of converting most of the embryonic ectoderm into neurons. The data suggest that neuroD may participate in the terminal differentiation step during vertebrate neuronal development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, J E -- Hollenberg, S M -- Snider, L -- Turner, D L -- Lipnick, N -- Weintraub, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 12;268(5212):836-44.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7754368" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/biosynthesis ; Cell Differentiation/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Ectoderm/*cytology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Nervous System/cytology/embryology ; Neural Crest/cytology ; Neurons/*cytology/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Xenopus
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  • 87
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    Sterkfontein member 2 foot bones of the oldest South African hominid (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: Four articulating hominid foot bones have been recovered from Sterkfontein Member 2, near Johannesburg, South Africa. They have human features in the hindfoot and strikingly apelike traits in the forefoot. While the foot is manifestly adapted for bipedalism, its most remarkable characteristic is that the great toe (hallux) is appreciably medially diverged (varus) and strongly mobile, as in apes. Possibly as old as 3.5 million years, the foot provides the first evidence that bipedal hominids were in southern Africa more than 3.0 million years ago. The bones probably belonged to an early member of Australopithecus africanus or another early hominid species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clarke, R J -- Tobias, P V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):521-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy and Human Biology, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Foot/*anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hallux/anatomy & histology ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; *Locomotion ; Metatarsal Bones/anatomy & histology ; South Africa ; Talus/anatomy & histology
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  • 88
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    A role for CD5 in TCR-mediated signal transduction and thymocyte selection (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: CD5 is a transmembrane protein that is expressed on the surface of T cells and a subset of B cells. The absence of CD5 rendered thymocytes hyperresponsive to stimulation through the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) in vitro. Selection of T cells expressing three distinct transgenic TCRs was also abnormal in CD5-deficient mice. These observations indicate that CD5 can influence the fate of developing thymocytes by acting as a negative regulator of TCR-mediated signal transduction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tarakhovsky, A -- Kanner, S B -- Hombach, J -- Ledbetter, J A -- Muller, W -- Killeen, N -- Rajewsky, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):535-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7542801" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/*immunology ; Antigens, CD3/metabolism ; Antigens, CD5 ; Female ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Thymus Gland/immunology ; ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
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    The uses of evolutionary biology (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Futuyma, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jan 6;267(5194):41-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7809608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Biology ; *Biotechnology ; Female ; *Medicine ; Technology Transfer
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  • 90
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    Glutamate receptor RNA editing in vitro by enzymatic conversion of adenosine to inosine (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-10
    Description: RNA encoding the B subunit of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR-B) undergoes a posttranscriptional modification in which a genomically encoded adenosine is represented as a guanosine in the GluR-B complementary DNA. In vitro editing of GluR-B RNA transcripts with HeLa cell nuclear extracts was found to result from an activity that converts adenosine to inosine in regions of double-stranded RNA by enzymatic base modification. This activity is consistent with that of a double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase previously described in Xenopus oocytes and widely distributed in mammalian tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rueter, S M -- Burns, C M -- Coode, S A -- Mookherjee, P -- Emeson, R B -- ES00267/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Mar 10;267(5203):1491-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7878468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine/*metabolism ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Codon ; Exons ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Inosine/*metabolism ; Inosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *RNA Editing ; RNA Precursors/metabolism ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA/*genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 91
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    Absence of p350 subunit of DNA-activated protein kinase from a radiosensitive human cell line (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-02-24
    Description: The radiosensitive rodent mutant cell line xrs-5 is defective in DNA double-strand break repair and lacks the Ku component of the DNA-activated protein kinase, DNA-PK. Here radiosensitive human cell lines were analyzed for DNA-PK activity and for the presence of related proteins. The radiosensitive human malignant glioma M059J cell line was found to be defective in DNA double-strand break repair, but fails to express the p350 subunit of DNA-PK. These results suggest that DNA-PK kinase activity is involved in DNA double-strand break repair.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lees-Miller, S P -- Godbout, R -- Chan, D W -- Weinfeld, M -- Day, R S 3rd -- Barron, G M -- Allalunis-Turner, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 24;267(5201):1183-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7855602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigens, Nuclear ; CHO Cells ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Cricetinae ; DNA/metabolism ; *DNA Helicases ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis ; Gamma Rays ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/analysis ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; *Radiation Tolerance ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 92
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    "Fat hormone" poses hefty problem for journal embargo (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roush, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 4;269(5224):627.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624787" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drug Industry/*economics ; Humans ; Leptin ; Mice ; Obesity/*drug therapy ; *Periodicals as Topic ; Proteins/*pharmacology ; *Publishing ; Weight Loss/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 93
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    In the fruit fly, cell death genes may come in pairs (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roush, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):753.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638582" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/embryology/*genetics ; *Genes, Insect ; Peptides/genetics ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 94
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    Reconstitution of IKATP: an inward rectifier subunit plus the sulfonylurea receptor (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-17
    Description: A member of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel family was cloned here. The channel, called BIR (Kir6.2), was expressed in large amounts in rat pancreatic islets and glucose-responsive insulin-secreting cell lines. Coexpression with the sulfonylurea receptor SUR reconstituted an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance of 76 picosiemens that was sensitive to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (IKATP) and was inhibited by sulfonylureas and activated by diazoxide. The data indicate that these pancreatic beta cell potassium channels are a complex composed of at least two subunits--BIR, a member of the inward rectifier potassium channel family, and SUR, a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily. Gene mapping data show that these two potassium channel subunit genes are clustered on human chromosome 11 at position 11p15.1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inagaki, N -- Gonoi, T -- Clement, J P 4th -- Namba, N -- Inazawa, J -- Gonzalez, G -- Aguilar-Bryan, L -- Seino, S -- Bryan, J -- DK44311/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 17;270(5239):1166-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Medicine, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502040" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Diazoxide/pharmacology ; Humans ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism ; KATP Channels ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying ; Rats ; Receptors, Drug/*chemistry/metabolism ; Rubidium/metabolism ; Sulfonylurea Compounds/pharmacology ; Sulfonylurea Receptors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Malathion and alternatives (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chrisman, M -- Kurtz, P -- Dewell, R V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 18;269(5226):907-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; California ; Humans ; *Insecticides ; Malathion/*adverse effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Induction of MHC class I genes in neurons (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-28
    Description: Whether neurons express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes has not been firmly established. The techniques of confocal laser microscopy, patch clamp electrophysiology, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were combined here to directly examine the inducibility of MHC class I genes in individual cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Transcription of MHC class I genes was very rare in neurons with spontaneous action potentials. In electrically silent neurons, transcription was noted, with expression of beta 2-microglobulin under tighter control than in class I heavy chain molecules. Surface expression of class I molecules occurred only in electrically silent neurons treated with interferon gamma. Immunosurveillance by cytotoxic T cells may be focused on functionally impaired neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neumann, H -- Cavalie, A -- Jenne, D E -- Wekerle, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 28;269(5223):549-52.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroimmunology, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Martinsried, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7624779" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, MHC Class I ; Hippocampus/cytology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/biosynthesis/genetics ; Interferon-gamma/pharmacology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pyramidal Cells/cytology/*metabolism/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic ; beta 2-Microglobulin/biosynthesis/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Behavioral effects and gene delivery in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-08-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Isacson, O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):856-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7638605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Corpus Striatum/cytology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; *Genetic Therapy ; *Genetic Vectors ; *Motor Activity ; Neurons/cytology/enzymology/virology ; Parkinson Disease/*therapy ; Rats ; Simplexvirus/*genetics/physiology ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Selective opioid inhibition of small nociceptive neurons (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: Opioid analgesia, the selective suppression of pain without effects on other sensations, also distinguishes between different types of pain: severe, persistent pain is potently inhibited by opioids, but they fail to cohceal the sensation of a pinprick. The cellular basis for this specificity was analyzed by means of patch-clamp experiments performed on fluorescently labeled nociceptive neurons (nociceptors) that innervate rat tooth pulp. Activation of the mu opioid receptor inhibited calcium channels on almost all small nociceptors but had minimal effect on large nociceptors. Somatostatin had the opposite specificity, preferentially inhibiting calcium channels on the large cells. Because persistent pain is mediated by slow-conducting, small nociceptors, opioids are thus likely to inhibit neurotransmitter release only at those primary synapses specialized for persistent pain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taddese, A -- Nah, S Y -- McCleskey, E W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1366-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481826" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Analgesics/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium Channels/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dental Pulp/innervation ; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- ; Enkephalins/*pharmacology ; Male ; Neurons, Afferent/*drug effects/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Nociceptors/*drug effects/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Presynaptic Terminals/drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/*physiology ; Receptors, Somatostatin/physiology ; Sodium Channel Blockers ; Somatostatin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Intrachain calcium binding (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Forsen, S -- Stenflo, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 24;270(5240):1285.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481812" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid/chemistry/*metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Coagulation Factors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-04-07
    Description: A morbillivirus has been isolated and added to an increasing list of emerging viral diseases. This virus caused an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease in horses and humans. Genetic analyses show it to be only distantly related to the classic morbilliviruses rinderpest, measles, and canine distemper. When seen by electron microscopy, viruses had 10- and 18-nanometer surface projections that gave them a "double-fringed" appearance. The virus induced syncytia that developed in the endothelium of blood vessels, particularly the lungs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Murray, K -- Selleck, P -- Hooper, P -- Hyatt, A -- Gould, A -- Gleeson, L -- Westbury, H -- Hiley, L -- Selvey, L -- Rodwell, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):94-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, East Geelong, Victoria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7701348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Female ; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/mortality/*virology ; Horses ; Humans ; Kidney/virology ; Lung/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Morbillivirus/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Morbillivirus Infections/epidemiology/mortality/*veterinary/*virology ; Pregnancy ; Queensland/epidemiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/veterinary/virology ; Spleen/virology ; Vero Cells ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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