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  • Female  (293)
  • General Relativity and Gravitation
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (293)
  • 2015-2019  (147)
  • 2010-2014  (146)
  • 2015  (147)
  • 2010  (146)
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  • 2015-2019  (147)
  • 2010-2014  (146)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: The understanding of natural and sexual selection requires both field and laboratory studies to exploit the advantages and avoid the disadvantages of each approach. However, studies have tended to be polarized among the types of organisms studied, with vertebrates studied in the field and invertebrates in the lab. We used video monitoring combined with DNA profiling of all of the members of a wild population of field crickets across two generations to capture the factors predicting the reproductive success of males and females. The factors that predict a male's success in gaining mates differ from those that predict how many offspring he has. We confirm the fundamental prediction that males vary more in their reproductive success than females, and we find that females as well as males leave more offspring when they mate with more partners.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodriguez-Munoz, R -- Bretman, A -- Slate, J -- Walling, C A -- Tregenza, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1269-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1188102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 EZ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Gryllidae/*genetics/*physiology ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Oviposition ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Vocalization, Animal
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clutton-Brock, Tim -- Sheldon, Ben C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 5;327(5970):1207-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1187796.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Male ; *Mammals/physiology ; Pan troglodytes/physiology ; *Primates/physiology ; Reproduction ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jewkes, Rachel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):145-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1193794.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa. rjewkes@mrc.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Domestic Violence/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; Dominance-Subordination ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Incidence ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Prejudice ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Factors ; Sex Offenses/statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Behavior ; South Africa/epidemiology ; *Women's Health ; Women's Rights
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2010-12-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1298-9. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6009.1298.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21127220" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage/*analogs & ; derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Costs ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination ; Female ; HIV/drug effects ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/transmission ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Medication Adherence ; Organophosphorus Compounds/administration & dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Transsexualism
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2010-10-23
    Description: CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (T(reg)) cells are important for maintaining immune tolerance. Understanding the molecular mechanism that regulates T(reg) differentiation will facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies against autoimmune diseases. We report here that the SUMO E3 ligase PIAS1 restricts the differentiation of natural T(reg) cells by maintaining a repressive chromatin state of the Foxp3 promoter. PIAS1 acts by binding to the Foxp3 promoter to recruit DNA methyltransferases and heterochromatin protein 1 for epigenetic modifications. Pias1 deletion caused promoter demethylation, reduced histone H3 methylation at Lys(9), and enhanced promoter accessibility. Consistently, Pias1(-/-) mice displayed an increased natural T(reg) cell population and were resistant to the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our studies have identified an epigenetic mechanism that negatively regulates the differentiation of natural T(reg) cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3043201/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3043201/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, Bin -- Tahk, Samuel -- Yee, Kathleen M -- Fan, Guoping -- Shuai, Ke -- K01 AR52717-01/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI063286/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI063286-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085797/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085797-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI063286/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01GM085797/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 22;330(6003):521-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1193787.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, 11-934 Factor Building, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. bliu@ucla.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology ; Chromatin/metabolism ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; Lymphopoiesis/*genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT/*physiology ; Repressor Proteins/*physiology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*cytology/immunology ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*physiology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2010-04-24
    Description: Children's reading achievement is influenced by genetics as well as by family and school environments. The importance of teacher quality as a specific school environmental influence on reading achievement is unknown. We studied first- and second-grade students in Florida from schools representing diverse environments. Comparison of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, differentiating genetic similarities of 100% and 50%, provided an estimate of genetic variance in reading achievement. Teacher quality was measured by how much reading gain the non-twin classmates achieved. The magnitude of genetic variance associated with twins' oral reading fluency increased as the quality of their teacher increased. In circumstances where the teachers are all excellent, the variability in student reading achievement may appear to be largely due to genetics. However, poor teaching impedes the ability of children to reach their potential.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2905841/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2905841/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taylor, J -- Roehrig, A D -- Soden Hensler, B -- Connor, C M -- Schatschneider, C -- P50 HD052120/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD052120-02/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD052120-020003/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD052120-030003/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P50 HD052120-040003/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 23;328(5977):512-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1186149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301, USA. taylor@psy.fsu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20413504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Achievement ; Child ; *Educational Measurement ; *Educational Status ; Faculty/*standards ; Female ; Florida ; *Genes ; Humans ; Male ; *Reading ; Teaching/*standards ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Most hosts, including humans, are simultaneously or sequentially infected with several parasites. A key question is whether patterns of coinfection arise because infection by one parasite species affects susceptibility to others or because of inherent differences between hosts. We used time-series data from individual hosts in natural populations to analyze patterns of infection risk for a microparasite community, detecting large positive and negative effects of other infections. Patterns remain once variations in host susceptibility and exposure are accounted for. Indeed, effects are typically of greater magnitude, and explain more variation in infection risk, than the effects associated with host and environmental factors more commonly considered in disease studies. We highlight the danger of mistaken inference when considering parasite species in isolation rather than parasite communities.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033556/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033556/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Telfer, Sandra -- Lambin, Xavier -- Birtles, Richard -- Beldomenico, Pablo -- Burthe, Sarah -- Paterson, Steve -- Begon, Mike -- 070675/Z/03/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 075202/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 075202/Z/04/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 081705/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 8;330(6001):243-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1190333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. s.telfer@abdn.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anaplasma phagocytophilum/physiology ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/microbiology/parasitology/virology ; *Arvicolinae/microbiology/parasitology/virology ; Babesia microti ; Babesiosis/complications/immunology/parasitology/*veterinary ; Bartonella/physiology ; Bartonella Infections/complications/immunology/microbiology/*veterinary ; Cowpox/complications/immunology/*veterinary/virology ; Disease Susceptibility ; Ehrlichiosis/complications/immunology/microbiology/*veterinary ; Female ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Male ; *Microbial Interactions ; Risk Factors ; *Rodent Diseases/microbiology/parasitology/virology ; Seasons
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-10-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 15;330(6002):304. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6002.304.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947733" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Industry ; Female ; Herpes Genitalis/immunology/*prevention & control ; Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines/*immunology ; Herpesvirus 2, Human/*immunology ; Humans ; Patient Selection
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: Gain-of-function mutations in Kir6.2 (KCNJ11), the pore-forming subunit of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel, cause neonatal diabetes. Many patients also suffer from hypotonia (weak and flaccid muscles) and balance problems. The diabetes arises from suppressed insulin secretion by overactive KATP channels in pancreatic beta-cells, but the source of the motor phenotype is unknown. By using mice carrying a human Kir6.2 mutation (Val59--〉Met59) targeted to either muscle or nerve, we show that analogous motor impairments originate in the central nervous system rather than in muscle or peripheral nerves. We also identify locomotor hyperactivity as a feature of KATP channel overactivity. These findings suggest that drugs targeted against neuronal, rather than muscle, KATP channels are needed to treat the motor deficits and that such drugs require high blood-brain barrier permeability.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clark, Rebecca H -- McTaggart, James S -- Webster, Richard -- Mannikko, Roope -- Iberl, Michaela -- Sim, Xiu Li -- Rorsman, Patrik -- Glitsch, Maike -- Beeson, David -- Ashcroft, Frances M -- 084655/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G0701521/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):458-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1186146. Epub 2010 Jul 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595581" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Ataxia/physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus/*genetics/metabolism/physiopathology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Activity ; Muscle Hypotonia/*genetics/metabolism/physiopathology ; Muscle Strength ; Muscles/*metabolism ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Postural Balance ; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/*genetics/*metabolism ; Purkinje Cells/physiology ; Receptors, Drug/metabolism ; Sulfonylurea Receptors ; Syndrome
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):374-5. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5990.374. Epub 2010 Jul 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20643914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Female ; HIV Infections/*prevention & control/*transmission ; *HIV-1/drug effects ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Organophosphonates/*administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; South Africa ; Tenofovir ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Young Adult
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nathans, Jeremy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 17;330(6011):1625. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6011.1625-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21163997" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: China ; *Family Planning Policy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Population Growth ; Sex Ratio
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  • 12
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):170-1. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5988.170.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Cities ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; HIV Infections/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Homeless Youth/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Organizations ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Russia/epidemiology ; Ukraine/epidemiology
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  • 13
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):165-7. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5988.165.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; HIV Infections/complications/*prevention & control/transmission ; *Harm Reduction ; Humans ; Male ; Methadone/*administration & dosage ; Methadyl Acetate/administration & dosage ; Narcotics/*administration & dosage ; Needle-Exchange Programs ; Opioid-Related Disorders/*rehabilitation ; Russia/epidemiology ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications/*rehabilitation ; Ukraine/epidemiology
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 23;328(5977):422-4. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5977.422.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20413471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Attitude to Health ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control ; China/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Diet ; Female ; Health Care Reform ; Humans ; *Life Style ; Male ; Overweight/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Preventive Health Services ; *Primary Prevention ; Smoking/adverse effects/epidemiology
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2010-03-13
    Description: Activation of the EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase by ephrin-A1 ligands presented on apposed cell surfaces plays important roles in development and exhibits poorly understood functional alterations in cancer. We reconstituted this intermembrane signaling geometry between live EphA2-expressing human breast cancer cells and supported membranes displaying laterally mobile ephrin-A1. Receptor-ligand binding, clustering, and subsequent lateral transport within this junction were observed. EphA2 transport can be blocked by physical barriers nanofabricated onto the underlying substrate. This physical reorganization of EphA2 alters the cellular response to ephrin-A1, as observed by changes in cytoskeleton morphology and recruitment of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10. Quantitative analysis of receptor-ligand spatial organization across a library of 26 mammary epithelial cell lines reveals characteristic differences that strongly correlate with invasion potential. These observations reveal a mechanism for spatio-mechanical regulation of EphA2 signaling pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895569/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895569/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Salaita, Khalid -- Nair, Pradeep M -- Petit, Rebecca S -- Neve, Richard M -- Das, Debopriya -- Gray, Joe W -- Groves, Jay T -- P50 CA 58207/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA058207/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA058207-060002/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA058207-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA058207-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA 112970/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA112970/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA112970-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA143836/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA143836-01/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1380-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1181729.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADAM Proteins/metabolism ; Actomyosin/physiology ; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism ; Antigens, CD44/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Shape ; Cytoskeleton/physiology/ultrastructure ; Ephrin-A1/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lipid Bilayers ; *Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Transport ; Receptor, EphA2/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):160, 162-4. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5988.160.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Europe, Eastern/epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections/complications/drug therapy/*epidemiology/prevention & control ; Harm Reduction ; Health Services Accessibility ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prevalence ; Russia/epidemiology ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications/epidemiology ; Ukraine/epidemiology
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-09-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sanderson, Warren C -- Scherbov, Sergei -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1287-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1193647.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. warren.sanderson@stonybrook.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; *Aging ; Disabled Persons/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Forecasting ; *Health Status ; Humans ; *Life Expectancy/trends ; Male ; Policy Making ; *Population Dynamics
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2010-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tingen, C -- Rodriguez, S -- Campo-Engelstein, L -- Woodruff, T K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 22;330(6003):453. doi: 10.1126/science.1196881.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Embryo Research/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Female ; Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Mice ; Ovum/physiology ; *Parthenogenesis ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: Differences in gene expression may play a major role in speciation and phenotypic diversity. We examined genome-wide differences in transcription factor (TF) binding in several humans and a single chimpanzee by using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing. The binding sites of RNA polymerase II (PolII) and a key regulator of immune responses, nuclear factor kappaB (p65), were mapped in 10 lymphoblastoid cell lines, and 25 and 7.5% of the respective binding regions were found to differ between individuals. Binding differences were frequently associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms and genomic structural variants, and these differences were often correlated with differences in gene expression, suggesting functional consequences of binding variation. Furthermore, comparing PolII binding between humans and chimpanzee suggests extensive divergence in TF binding. Our results indicate that many differences in individuals and species occur at the level of TF binding, and they provide insight into the genetic events responsible for these differences.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938768/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938768/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasowski, Maya -- Grubert, Fabian -- Heffelfinger, Christopher -- Hariharan, Manoj -- Asabere, Akwasi -- Waszak, Sebastian M -- Habegger, Lukas -- Rozowsky, Joel -- Shi, Minyi -- Urban, Alexander E -- Hong, Mi-Young -- Karczewski, Konrad J -- Huber, Wolfgang -- Weissman, Sherman M -- Gerstein, Mark B -- Korbel, Jan O -- Snyder, Michael -- R01 CA077808/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA077808-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205-34/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004558/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004558-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 9;328(5975):232-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1183621. Epub 2010 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; DNA, Intergenic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Binding ; RNA Polymerase II/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Transcription Factor RelA/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Initiation Site
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: Proliferating cells, including cancer cells, require altered metabolism to efficiently incorporate nutrients such as glucose into biomass. The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) promotes the metabolism of glucose by aerobic glycolysis and contributes to anabolic metabolism. Paradoxically, decreased pyruvate kinase enzyme activity accompanies the expression of PKM2 in rapidly dividing cancer cells and tissues. We demonstrate that phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the substrate for pyruvate kinase in cells, can act as a phosphate donor in mammalian cells because PEP participates in the phosphorylation of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM1) in PKM2-expressing cells. We used mass spectrometry to show that the phosphate from PEP is transferred to the catalytic histidine (His11) on human PGAM1. This reaction occurred at physiological concentrations of PEP and produced pyruvate in the absence of PKM2 activity. The presence of histidine-phosphorylated PGAM1 correlated with the expression of PKM2 in cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. Thus, decreased pyruvate kinase activity in PKM2-expressing cells allows PEP-dependent histidine phosphorylation of PGAM1 and may provide an alternate glycolytic pathway that decouples adenosine triphosphate production from PEP-mediated phosphotransfer, allowing for the high rate of glycolysis to support the anabolic metabolism observed in many proliferating cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3030121/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3030121/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vander Heiden, Matthew G -- Locasale, Jason W -- Swanson, Kenneth D -- Sharfi, Hadar -- Heffron, Greg J -- Amador-Noguez, Daniel -- Christofk, Heather R -- Wagner, Gerhard -- Rabinowitz, Joshua D -- Asara, John M -- Cantley, Lewis C -- 1K08CA136983/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 1P01CA120964-01A/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5 T32 CA009361-28/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5P30CA006516-43/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA136983/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA136983-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA089021-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA120964/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA120964-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM047467-20/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P01CA089021/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01GM047467/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA006516/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA006516-43S1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI078063/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056203/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01-GM56302/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 CA128620/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21/R33 DK070299/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R33 DK070299/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R33 DK070299-03/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009172/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009361/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009361-28/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1492-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1188015.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847263" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Glyceric Acids/metabolism ; *Glycolysis ; Histidine/metabolism ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism ; Mice ; Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology ; Phosphoenolpyruvate/metabolism ; Phosphoglycerate Mutase/*metabolism ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Pyruvate Kinase/*metabolism ; Pyruvic Acid/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pala, Christopher -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1474. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6010.1474.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148369" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Migration ; Animals ; *Brachyura/physiology ; Female ; *Fisheries ; Maryland ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Virginia
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2010-05-08
    Description: Obesity results from chronic energy surplus and excess lipid storage in white adipose tissue (WAT). In contrast, brown adipose tissue (BAT) efficiently burns lipids through adaptive thermogenesis. Studying mouse models, we show that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, a rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, is a downstream effector of beta-adrenergic signaling in WAT and is required for the induction of BAT in WAT depots. PG shifted the differentiation of defined mesenchymal progenitors toward a brown adipocyte phenotype. Overexpression of COX-2 in WAT induced de novo BAT recruitment in WAT, increased systemic energy expenditure, and protected mice against high-fat diet-induced obesity. Thus, COX-2 appears integral to de novo BAT recruitment, which suggests that the PG pathway regulates systemic energy homeostasis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vegiopoulos, Alexandros -- Muller-Decker, Karin -- Strzoda, Daniela -- Schmitt, Iris -- Chichelnitskiy, Evgeny -- Ostertag, Anke -- Berriel Diaz, Mauricio -- Rozman, Jan -- Hrabe de Angelis, Martin -- Nusing, Rolf M -- Meyer, Carola W -- Wahli, Walter -- Klingenspor, Martin -- Herzig, Stephan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1158-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1186034. Epub 2010 May 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448152" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes, Brown/cytology/*physiology ; Adipogenesis ; Adipose Tissue ; Adipose Tissue, Brown/cytology/*physiology ; Adipose Tissue, White/enzymology/*physiology ; Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cyclooxygenase 2/*genetics/*metabolism ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Dioxoles/pharmacology ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Homeostasis ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Mice, Transgenic ; Norepinephrine/metabolism ; Obesity/etiology/prevention & control ; Oxygen Consumption ; Prostaglandins/*metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; *Thermogenesis
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: The evolutionary appearance of p53 protein probably preceded its role in tumor suppression, suggesting that there may be unappreciated functions for this protein. Using genetic reporters as proxies to follow in vivo activation of the p53 network in Drosophila, we discovered that the process of meiotic recombination instigates programmed activation of p53 in the germ line. Specifically, double-stranded breaks in DNA generated by the topoisomerase Spo11 provoked functional p53 activity, which was prolonged in cells defective for meiotic DNA repair. This intrinsic stimulus for the p53 regulatory network is highly conserved because Spo11-dependent activation of p53 also occurs in mice. Our findings establish a physiological role for p53 in meiosis and suggest that tumor-suppressive functions may have been co-opted from primordial activities linked to recombination.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917750/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917750/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Wan-Jin -- Chapo, Joseph -- Roig, Ignasi -- Abrams, John M -- R01 AA017328/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AA017328-03/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AA017328-04/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072124/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072124-10/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072124-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072124-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072124-13/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072124-14A1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072124-15/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD040916/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD040916-09/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD040916-10/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01AA017328/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- R01GM072124/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1278-81. doi: 10.1126/science.1185640.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522776" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Damage ; DNA Helicases ; DNA Repair ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/genetics/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Egg Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Endodeoxyribonucleases ; Esterases/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; Genes, Insect ; *Genes, p53 ; Germ Cells/metabolism ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Oogenesis ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Spermatocytes/physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/*metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 22;330(6003):440-3. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6003.440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; *Immunotherapy ; Male ; Melanoma/therapy ; Neoplasms/*therapy ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2010-05-01
    Description: All insects in the order Hymenoptera have haplodiploid sex determination, in which males emerge from haploid unfertilized eggs and females are diploid. Sex determination in the honeybee Apis mellifera is controlled by the complementary sex determination (csd) locus, but the mechanisms controlling sex determination in other Hymenoptera without csd are unknown. We identified the sex-determination system of the parasitic wasp Nasonia, which has no csd locus. Instead, maternal input of Nasonia vitripennis transformer (Nvtra) messenger RNA, in combination with specific zygotic Nvtra transcription, in which Nvtra autoregulates female-specific splicing, is essential for female development. Our data indicate that males develop as a result of maternal imprinting that prevents zygotic transcription of the maternally derived Nvtra allele in unfertilized eggs. Upon fertilization, zygotic Nvtra transcription is initiated, which autoregulates the female-specific transcript, leading to female development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Verhulst, Eveline C -- Beukeboom, Leo W -- van de Zande, Louis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 30;328(5978):620-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1185805.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Evolutionary Genetics, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20431014" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Diploidy ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism ; Female ; Fertilization ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Genomic Imprinting ; *Haploidy ; Homeostasis ; Male ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; *Sex Determination Processes ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Wasps/embryology/*genetics/physiology ; Zygote/physiology
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: Metabolic syndrome is a group of obesity-related metabolic abnormalities that increase an individual's risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we show that mice genetically deficient in Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a component of the innate immune system that is expressed in the gut mucosa and that helps defend against infection, exhibit hyperphagia and develop hallmark features of metabolic syndrome, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and increased adiposity. These metabolic changes correlated with changes in the composition of the gut microbiota, and transfer of the gut microbiota from TLR5-deficient mice to wild-type germ-free mice conferred many features of metabolic syndrome to the recipients. Food restriction prevented obesity, but not insulin resistance, in the TLR5-deficient mice. These results support the emerging view that the gut microbiota contributes to metabolic disease and suggest that malfunction of the innate immune system may promote the development of metabolic syndrome.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4714868/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4714868/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vijay-Kumar, Matam -- Aitken, Jesse D -- Carvalho, Frederic A -- Cullender, Tyler C -- Mwangi, Simon -- Srinivasan, Shanthi -- Sitaraman, Shanthi V -- Knight, Rob -- Ley, Ruth E -- Gewirtz, Andrew T -- DK061417/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK06439/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK083275/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- K01 DK083275/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 9;328(5975):228-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1179721. Epub 2010 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Body Fat Distribution ; Body Weight ; Caloric Restriction ; Dietary Fats/administration & dosage ; Female ; Germ-Free Life ; Hyperphagia/etiology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Insulin Resistance ; Intestinal Mucosa/immunology ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome X/*etiology/immunology/microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Obesity/etiology/immunology/microbiology/prevention & control ; Toll-Like Receptor 5/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2010-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):130-1. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5962.130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056859" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Advisory Committees ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control ; Female ; Fluorobenzenes/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Pyrimidines/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Rosuvastatin Calcium ; Sulfonamides/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2010-01-02
    Description: Mammalian meiotic recombination, which preferentially occurs at specialized sites called hotspots, ensures the orderly segregation of meiotic chromosomes and creates genetic variation among offspring. A locus on mouse chromosome 17, which controls activation of recombination at multiple distant hotspots, has been mapped within a 181-kilobase interval, three of whose genes can be eliminated as candidates. The remaining gene, Prdm9, codes for a zinc finger containing histone H3K4 trimethylase that is expressed in early meiosis and whose deficiency results in sterility in both sexes. Mus musculus exhibits five alleles of Prdm9; human populations exhibit two predominant alleles and multiple minor alleles. The identification of Prdm9 as a protein regulating mammalian recombination hotspots initiates molecular studies of this important biological control system.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821451/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2821451/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parvanov, Emil D -- Petkov, Petko M -- Paigen, Kenneth -- 076468/PHS HHS/ -- 078452/PHS HHS/ -- 083408/PHS HHS/ -- CA 34196/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM 078643/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA034196-26/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM076468/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM076468-030004/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078452/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078452-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078643/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078643-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083408/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083408-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 12;327(5967):835. doi: 10.1126/science.1181495. Epub 2009 Dec 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20044538" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Chromosome Mapping ; Female ; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis/*genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Testis/metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: When selection favors sexual dimorphism, high-fitness parents often produce low-fitness progeny of the opposite sex. This sexual conflict is thought to overwhelm the genetic benefits of mate choice because preferred males incur a cost through the production of low-fitness daughters. We provide a counterpoint in a lizard (Anolis sagrei) that exhibits sexual conflict over body size. By using mate-choice experiments, we show that female brown anoles produce more sons than daughters via large sires but more daughters than sons via small sires. Measures of progeny fitness in the wild suggest that maximal fitness payoffs can be achieved by shifting offspring production from daughters to sons as sire size increases. These results illustrate how the resolution of sexual conflict can restore the genetic benefits of mate choice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cox, Robert M -- Calsbeek, Ryan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 2;328(5974):92-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1185550. Epub 2010 Mar 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. robert.m.cox@dartmouth.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203012" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Lizards/anatomy & histology/*genetics/*physiology ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Reproduction ; Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Ratio ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2010-05-08
    Description: Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft sequence of the Neandertal genome composed of more than 4 billion nucleotides from three individuals. Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to the genomes of five present-day humans from different parts of the world identify a number of genomic regions that may have been affected by positive selection in ancestral modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism and in cognitive and skeletal development. We show that Neandertals shared more genetic variants with present-day humans in Eurasia than with present-day humans in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting that gene flow from Neandertals into the ancestors of non-Africans occurred before the divergence of Eurasian groups from each other.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Green, Richard E -- Krause, Johannes -- Briggs, Adrian W -- Maricic, Tomislav -- Stenzel, Udo -- Kircher, Martin -- Patterson, Nick -- Li, Heng -- Zhai, Weiwei -- Fritz, Markus Hsi-Yang -- Hansen, Nancy F -- Durand, Eric Y -- Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo -- Jensen, Jeffrey D -- Marques-Bonet, Tomas -- Alkan, Can -- Prufer, Kay -- Meyer, Matthias -- Burbano, Hernan A -- Good, Jeffrey M -- Schultz, Rigo -- Aximu-Petri, Ayinuer -- Butthof, Anne -- Hober, Barbara -- Hoffner, Barbara -- Siegemund, Madlen -- Weihmann, Antje -- Nusbaum, Chad -- Lander, Eric S -- Russ, Carsten -- Novod, Nathaniel -- Affourtit, Jason -- Egholm, Michael -- Verna, Christine -- Rudan, Pavao -- Brajkovic, Dejana -- Kucan, Zeljko -- Gusic, Ivan -- Doronichev, Vladimir B -- Golovanova, Liubov V -- Lalueza-Fox, Carles -- de la Rasilla, Marco -- Fortea, Javier -- Rosas, Antonio -- Schmitz, Ralf W -- Johnson, Philip L F -- Eichler, Evan E -- Falush, Daniel -- Birney, Ewan -- Mullikin, James C -- Slatkin, Montgomery -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Kelso, Janet -- Lachmann, Michael -- Reich, David -- Paabo, Svante -- GM40282/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):710-22. doi: 10.1126/science.1188021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. green@eva.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: African Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Bone and Bones ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; *Fossils ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Flow ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Time
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2010-05-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bolon, Brad -- Barthold, Stephen W -- Boyd, Kelli L -- Brayton, Cory -- Cardiff, Robert D -- Cork, Linda C -- Eaton, Kathryn A -- Schoeb, Trenton R -- Sundberg, John P -- Ward, Jerrold M -- U01 CA141582/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 28;328(5982):1103. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5982.1103-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508110" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; *Biomedical Research ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; *Models, Animal ; Sex Characteristics
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: Genomic imprinting results in preferential gene expression from paternally versus maternally inherited chromosomes. We used a genome-wide approach to uncover sex-specific parent-of-origin allelic effects in the adult mouse brain. Our study identified preferential selection of the maternally inherited X chromosome in glutamatergic neurons of the female cortex. Moreover, analysis of the cortex and hypothalamus identified 347 autosomal genes with sex-specific imprinting features. In the hypothalamus, sex-specific imprinted genes were mostly found in females, which suggests parental influence over the hypothalamic function of daughters. We show that interleukin-18, a gene linked to diseases with sex-specific prevalence, is subject to complex, regional, and sex-specific parental effects in the brain. Parent-of-origin effects thus provide new avenues for investigation of sexual dimorphism in brain function and disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2997643/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2997643/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gregg, Christopher -- Zhang, Jiangwen -- Butler, James E -- Haig, David -- Dulac, Catherine -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 6;329(5992):682-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1190831. Epub 2010 Jul 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616234" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Dioxygenases ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genes, X-Linked ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Interleukin-18/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics ; Neurons/metabolism ; Oxygenases/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prefrontal Cortex/cytology/*metabolism ; Preoptic Area/cytology/*metabolism ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics ; *Sex Characteristics ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: Genomic imprinting results in preferential expression of the paternal or maternal allele of certain genes. We have performed a genome-wide characterization of imprinting in the mouse embryonic and adult brain. This approach uncovered parent-of-origin allelic effects of more than 1300 loci. We identified parental bias in the expression of individual genes and of specific transcript isoforms, with differences between brain regions. Many imprinted genes are expressed in neural systems associated with feeding and motivated behaviors, and parental biases preferentially target genetic pathways governing metabolism and cell adhesion. We observed a preferential maternal contribution to gene expression in the developing brain and a major paternal contribution in the adult brain. Thus, parental expression bias emerges as a major mode of epigenetic regulation in the brain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3005244/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3005244/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gregg, Christopher -- Zhang, Jiangwen -- Weissbourd, Brandon -- Luo, Shujun -- Schroth, Gary P -- Haig, David -- Dulac, Catherine -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 6;329(5992):643-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1190830. Epub 2010 Jul 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. cgregg@mcb.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616232" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/*embryology/growth & development/*metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Fathers ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Silencing ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Male ; Mice ; Mothers ; Multigene Family ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prefrontal Cortex/embryology/growth & development/metabolism ; Preoptic Area/embryology/growth & development/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: Hybrids between species are often sterile or inviable because the long-diverged genomes of their parents cause developmental problems when they come together in a single individual. According to the Dobzhansky-Muller (DM) model, the number of genes involved in these "intrinsic postzygotic incompatibilities" should increase faster than linearly with the divergence time between species. This straightforward prediction of the DM model has remained contentious owing to a lack of explicit tests. Examining two pairs of Drosophila species, we show that the number of genes involved in postzygotic isolation increases at least as fast as the square of the number of substitutions (an index of divergence time) between species. This observation verifies a key prediction of the DM model.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matute, Daniel R -- Butler, Ian A -- Turissini, David A -- Coyne, Jerry A -- R01GM058260/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1518-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1193440.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. dmatute@uchicago.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847270" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics/physiology ; Epistasis, Genetic ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genetic Speciation ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Infertility ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Reproduction ; Species Specificity
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: Alzheimer's disease is hypothesized to be caused by an imbalance between beta-amyloid (Abeta) production and clearance that leads to Abeta accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS). Abeta production and clearance are key targets in the development of disease-modifying therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease. However, there has not been direct evidence of altered Abeta production or clearance in Alzheimer's disease. By using metabolic labeling, we measured Abeta42 and Abeta40 production and clearance rates in the CNS of participants with Alzheimer's disease and cognitively normal controls. Clearance rates for both Abeta42 and Abeta40 were impaired in Alzheimer's disease compared with controls. On average, there were no differences in Abeta40 or Abeta42 production rates. Thus, the common late-onset form of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by an overall impairment in Abeta clearance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073454/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073454/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mawuenyega, Kwasi G -- Sigurdson, Wendy -- Ovod, Vitaliy -- Munsell, Ling -- Kasten, Tom -- Morris, John C -- Yarasheski, Kevin E -- Bateman, Randall J -- K08 AG027091/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- K08 AG027091-03/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- K23 AG030946/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- K23 AG030946-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG003991/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG003991-28/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P01 AG03991/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK056341/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK056341-10/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P41 GM103422/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR000954/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P41 RR000954-34/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG005681/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG005681-28/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P50 AG05681/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P60 DK020579/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P60 DK020579-31/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS065667/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS065667-03/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024992/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024992-05/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 24;330(6012):1774. doi: 10.1126/science.1197623. Epub 2010 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148344" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptide Fragments/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism
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  • 36
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 29;330(6004):574-5. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6004.574.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030618" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *DNA Copy Number Variations ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; *Gene Duplication ; Genes, Duplicate ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics/*methods ; Humans ; Male ; Pilot Projects ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: The rapid dissemination of the 2009 pandemic influenza virus underscores the need for universal influenza vaccines that elicit protective immunity to diverse viral strains. Here, we show that vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and boosting with seasonal vaccine or replication-defective adenovirus 5 vector encoding HA stimulated the production of broadly neutralizing influenza antibodies. This prime/boost combination increased the neutralization of diverse H1N1 strains dating from 1934 to 2007 as compared to either component alone and conferred protection against divergent H1N1 viruses in mice and ferrets. These antibodies were directed to the conserved stem region of HA and were also elicited in nonhuman primates. Cross-neutralization of H1N1 subtypes elicited by this approach provides a basis for the development of a universal influenza vaccine for humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wei, Chih-Jen -- Boyington, Jeffrey C -- McTamney, Patrick M -- Kong, Wing-Pui -- Pearce, Melissa B -- Xu, Ling -- Andersen, Hanne -- Rao, Srinivas -- Tumpey, Terrence M -- Yang, Zhi-Yong -- Nabel, Gary J -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Aug 27;329(5995):1060-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1192517. Epub 2010 Jul 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-3005, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647428" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis/*immunology ; *Cross Protection ; Female ; Ferrets ; Genetic Vectors ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype/immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/*administration & dosage/*immunology ; Influenza, Human/immunology/prevention & control ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mutant Proteins/immunology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology/prevention & control ; Plasmids ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage/immunology
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  • 38
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 17;330(6011):1605-7. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6011.1605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21163979" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Female ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Techniques ; Genomics ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Male ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Physical Phenomena ; Rats/genetics ; *Science ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synthetic Biology
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  • 39
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-13
    Description: Hamilton's theory of inclusive fitness showed how natural selection could lead to behaviors that decrease the relative fitness of the actor and also either benefit (altruism) or harm (spite) other individuals. However, several fundamental issues in the evolution of altruism and spite have remained contentious. Here, we show how recent work has resolved three key debates, helping clarify how Hamilton's theoretical overview links to real-world examples, in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans: Is the evolution of extreme altruism, represented by the sterile workers of social insects, driven by genetics or ecology? Does spite really exist in nature? And, can altruism be favored between individuals who are not close kin but share a "greenbeard" gene for altruism?〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, Stuart A -- Gardner, Andy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1341-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1178332.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. stuart.west@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; *Altruism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Competitive Behavior ; Cooperative Behavior ; Diploidy ; Female ; Genes ; *Genetic Fitness ; Haploidy ; Humans ; Male ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Behavior
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2010-01-16
    Description: We report here genome sequences and comparative analyses of three closely related parasitoid wasps: Nasonia vitripennis, N. giraulti, and N. longicornis. Parasitoids are important regulators of arthropod populations, including major agricultural pests and disease vectors, and Nasonia is an emerging genetic model, particularly for evolutionary and developmental genetics. Key findings include the identification of a functional DNA methylation tool kit; hymenopteran-specific genes including diverse venoms; lateral gene transfers among Pox viruses, Wolbachia, and Nasonia; and the rapid evolution of genes involved in nuclear-mitochondrial interactions that are implicated in speciation. Newly developed genome resources advance Nasonia for genetic research, accelerate mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci, and will ultimately provide tools and knowledge for further increasing the utility of parasitoids as pest insect-control agents.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849982/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849982/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Werren, John H -- Richards, Stephen -- Desjardins, Christopher A -- Niehuis, Oliver -- Gadau, Jurgen -- Colbourne, John K -- Nasonia Genome Working Group -- Beukeboom, Leo W -- Desplan, Claude -- Elsik, Christine G -- Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J P -- Kitts, Paul -- Lynch, Jeremy A -- Murphy, Terence -- Oliveira, Deodoro C S G -- Smith, Christopher D -- van de Zande, Louis -- Worley, Kim C -- Zdobnov, Evgeny M -- Aerts, Maarten -- Albert, Stefan -- Anaya, Victor H -- Anzola, Juan M -- Barchuk, Angel R -- Behura, Susanta K -- Bera, Agata N -- Berenbaum, May R -- Bertossa, Rinaldo C -- Bitondi, Marcia M G -- Bordenstein, Seth R -- Bork, Peer -- Bornberg-Bauer, Erich -- Brunain, Marleen -- Cazzamali, Giuseppe -- Chaboub, Lesley -- Chacko, Joseph -- Chavez, Dean -- Childers, Christopher P -- Choi, Jeong-Hyeon -- Clark, Michael E -- Claudianos, Charles -- Clinton, Rochelle A -- Cree, Andrew G -- Cristino, Alexandre S -- Dang, Phat M -- Darby, Alistair C -- de Graaf, Dirk C -- Devreese, Bart -- Dinh, Huyen H -- Edwards, Rachel -- Elango, Navin -- Elhaik, Eran -- Ermolaeva, Olga -- Evans, Jay D -- Foret, Sylvain -- Fowler, Gerald R -- Gerlach, Daniel -- Gibson, Joshua D -- Gilbert, Donald G -- Graur, Dan -- Grunder, Stefan -- Hagen, Darren E -- Han, Yi -- Hauser, Frank -- Hultmark, Da -- Hunter, Henry C 4th -- Hurst, Gregory D D -- Jhangian, Shalini N -- Jiang, Huaiyang -- Johnson, Reed M -- Jones, Andrew K -- Junier, Thomas -- Kadowaki, Tatsuhiko -- Kamping, Albert -- Kapustin, Yuri -- Kechavarzi, Bobak -- Kim, Jaebum -- Kim, Jay -- Kiryutin, Boris -- Koevoets, Tosca -- Kovar, Christie L -- Kriventseva, Evgenia V -- Kucharski, Robert -- Lee, Heewook -- Lee, Sandra L -- Lees, Kristin -- Lewis, Lora R -- Loehlin, David W -- Logsdon, John M Jr -- Lopez, Jacqueline A -- Lozado, Ryan J -- Maglott, Donna -- Maleszka, Ryszard -- Mayampurath, Anoop -- Mazur, Danielle J -- McClure, Marcella A -- Moore, Andrew D -- Morgan, Margaret B -- Muller, Jean -- Munoz-Torres, Monica C -- Muzny, Donna M -- Nazareth, Lynne V -- Neupert, Susanne -- Nguyen, Ngoc B -- Nunes, Francis M F -- Oakeshott, John G -- Okwuonu, Geoffrey O -- Pannebakker, Bart A -- Pejaver, Vikas R -- Peng, Zuogang -- Pratt, Stephen C -- Predel, Reinhard -- Pu, Ling-Ling -- Ranson, Hilary -- Raychoudhury, Rhitoban -- Rechtsteiner, Andreas -- Reese, Justin T -- Reid, Jeffrey G -- Riddle, Megan -- Robertson, Hugh M -- Romero-Severson, Jeanne -- Rosenberg, Miriam -- Sackton, Timothy B -- Sattelle, David B -- Schluns, Helge -- Schmitt, Thomas -- Schneider, Martina -- Schuler, Andreas -- Schurko, Andrew M -- Shuker, David M -- Simoes, Zila L P -- Sinha, Saurabh -- Smith, Zachary -- Solovyev, Victor -- Souvorov, Alexandre -- Springauf, Andreas -- Stafflinger, Elisabeth -- Stage, Deborah E -- Stanke, Mario -- Tanaka, Yoshiaki -- Telschow, Arndt -- Trent, Carol -- Vattathil, Selina -- Verhulst, Eveline C -- Viljakainen, Lumi -- Wanner, Kevin W -- Waterhouse, Robert M -- Whitfield, James B -- Wilkes, Timothy E -- Williamson, Michael -- Willis, Judith H -- Wolschin, Florian -- Wyder, Stefan -- Yamada, Takuji -- Yi, Soojin V -- Zecher, Courtney N -- Zhang, Lan -- Gibbs, Richard A -- 5R01GM070026-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5R01HG000747-14/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- 5R24GM084917-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- AI028309-13A2/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI055624/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064864/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064864-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM064864-05A2/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM070026-04S1/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079484/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085163/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085163-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000747/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG000747-14/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM064864/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM084917/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM084917-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24 GM084917-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):343-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1178028.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075255" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropods/parasitology ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA Methylation ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Female ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Insect ; Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Insect ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Insect Viruses/genetics ; Insects/genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Wasp Venoms/chemistry/toxicity ; Wasps/*genetics/physiology ; Wolbachia/genetics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 41
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shi, Lu -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):32. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5987.32-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/*ethnology/mortality/*radiography ; *Continental Population Groups ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Health Planning Guidelines ; Humans ; *Mammography ; United States
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: Heterozygous somatic mutations in the genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 and -2 (IDH1 and IDH2) were recently discovered in human neoplastic disorders. These mutations disable the enzymes' normal ability to convert isocitrate to 2-ketoglutarate (2-KG) and confer on the enzymes a new function: the ability to convert 2-KG to d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). We have detected heterozygous germline mutations in IDH2 that alter enzyme residue Arg(140) in 15 unrelated patients with d-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D-2-HGA), a rare neurometabolic disorder characterized by supraphysiological levels of D-2-HG. These findings provide additional impetus for investigating the role of D-2-HG in the pathophysiology of metabolic disease and cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kranendijk, Martijn -- Struys, Eduard A -- van Schaftingen, Emile -- Gibson, K Michael -- Kanhai, Warsha A -- van der Knaap, Marjo S -- Amiel, Jeanne -- Buist, Neil R -- Das, Anibh M -- de Klerk, Johannis B -- Feigenbaum, Annette S -- Grange, Dorothy K -- Hofstede, Floris C -- Holme, Elisabeth -- Kirk, Edwin P -- Korman, Stanley H -- Morava, Eva -- Morris, Andrew -- Smeitink, Jan -- Sukhai, Ram N -- Vallance, Hilary -- Jakobs, Cornelis -- Salomons, Gajja S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 15;330(6002):336. doi: 10.1126/science.1192632. Epub 2010 Sep 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/*genetics ; Brain Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; Glutarates/*metabolism/urine ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Infant ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; Young Adult
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2010-03-27
    Description: Tumor manipulation of host immunity is important for tumor survival and invasion. Many cancers secrete CCL21, a chemoattractant for various leukocytes and lymphoid tissue inducer cells, which drive lymphoid neogenesis. CCL21 expression by melanoma tumors in mice was associated with an immunotolerant microenvironment, which included the induction of lymphoid-like reticular stromal networks, an altered cytokine milieu, and the recruitment of regulatory leukocyte populations. In contrast, CCL21-deficient tumors induced antigen-specific immunity. CCL21-mediated immune tolerance was dependent on host rather than tumor expression of the CCL21 receptor, CCR7, and could protect distant, coimplanted CCL21-deficient tumors and even nonsyngeneic allografts from rejection. We suggest that by altering the tumor microenvironment, CCL21-secreting tumors shift the host immune response from immunogenic to tolerogenic, which facilitates tumor progression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shields, Jacqueline D -- Kourtis, Iraklis C -- Tomei, Alice A -- Roberts, Joanna M -- Swartz, Melody A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 7;328(5979):749-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1185837. Epub 2010 Mar 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20339029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chemokine CCL21/*metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Immune Tolerance ; Lymph Nodes/immunology ; Lymphoid Tissue/*immunology/pathology ; Melanoma, Experimental/*immunology/*pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, CCR7/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stromal Cells/*immunology/pathology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology ; *Tumor Escape
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2010-09-11
    Description: Group functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) studies have documented reliable changes in human functional brain maturity over development. Here we show that support vector machine-based multivariate pattern analysis extracts sufficient information from fcMRI data to make accurate predictions about individuals' brain maturity across development. The use of only 5 minutes of resting-state fcMRI data from 238 scans of typically developing volunteers (ages 7 to 30 years) allowed prediction of individual brain maturity as a functional connectivity maturation index. The resultant functional maturation curve accounted for 55% of the sample variance and followed a nonlinear asymptotic growth curve shape. The greatest relative contribution to predicting individual brain maturity was made by the weakening of short-range functional connections between the adult brain's major functional networks.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135376/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3135376/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dosenbach, Nico U F -- Nardos, Binyam -- Cohen, Alexander L -- Fair, Damien A -- Power, Jonathan D -- Church, Jessica A -- Nelson, Steven M -- Wig, Gagan S -- Vogel, Alecia C -- Lessov-Schlaggar, Christina N -- Barnes, Kelly Anne -- Dubis, Joseph W -- Feczko, Eric -- Coalson, Rebecca S -- Pruett, John R Jr -- Barch, Deanna M -- Petersen, Steven E -- Schlaggar, Bradley L -- DA027046/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- EY16336/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HD057076/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MH62130/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS00169011/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS053425/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS32979/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS41255/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS46424/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS51281/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS55582/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057076/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD057076-04/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1358-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1194144.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ndosenbach@wustl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829489" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aging ; Algorithms ; Artificial Intelligence ; Brain/*growth & development/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebellum/growth & development/physiology ; Child ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/growth & development/physiology ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neural Pathways ; Occipital Lobe/growth & development/physiology ; Young Adult
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2010-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whiten, Andrew -- McGrew, William C -- Aiello, Leslie C -- Boesch, Christophe -- Boyd, Robert -- Byrne, Richard W -- Dunbar, Robin I M -- Matsuzawa, Tetsuro -- Silk, Joan B -- Tomasello, Michael -- van Schaik, Carel P -- Wrangham, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 22;327(5964):410; author reply 410-1. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5964.410-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior ; Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Cognition ; Female ; *Hominidae/classification ; Humans ; Male ; *Pan troglodytes/classification
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2010-07-21
    Description: The Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004 trial assessed the effectiveness and safety of a 1% vaginal gel formulation of tenofovir, a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, for the prevention of HIV acquisition in women. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing tenofovir gel (n = 445 women) with placebo gel (n = 444 women) in sexually active, HIV-uninfected 18- to 40-year-old women in urban and rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. HIV serostatus, safety, sexual behavior, and gel and condom use were assessed at monthly follow-up visits for 30 months. HIV incidence in the tenofovir gel arm was 5.6 per 100 women-years (person time of study observation) (38 out of 680.6 women-years) compared with 9.1 per 100 women-years (60 out of 660.7 women-years) in the placebo gel arm (incidence rate ratio = 0.61; P = 0.017). In high adherers (gel adherence 〉 80%), HIV incidence was 54% lower (P = 0.025) in the tenofovir gel arm. In intermediate adherers (gel adherence 50 to 80%) and low adherers (gel adherence 〈 50%), the HIV incidence reduction was 38 and 28%, respectively. Tenofovir gel reduced HIV acquisition by an estimated 39% overall, and by 54% in women with high gel adherence. No increase in the overall adverse event rates was observed. There were no changes in viral load and no tenofovir resistance in HIV seroconverters. Tenofovir gel could potentially fill an important HIV prevention gap, especially for women unable to successfully negotiate mutual monogamy or condom use.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001187/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3001187/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abdool Karim, Quarraisha -- Abdool Karim, Salim S -- Frohlich, Janet A -- Grobler, Anneke C -- Baxter, Cheryl -- Mansoor, Leila E -- Kharsany, Ayesha B M -- Sibeko, Sengeziwe -- Mlisana, Koleka P -- Omar, Zaheen -- Gengiah, Tanuja N -- Maarschalk, Silvia -- Arulappan, Natasha -- Mlotshwa, Mukelisiwe -- Morris, Lynn -- Taylor, Douglas -- CAPRISA 004 Trial Group -- AI51794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- D43 TW000231/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- D43 TW000231-17/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- D43TW00231/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ -- U01 AI068619/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01AI068633/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01AI46749/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI051794/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19 AI051794-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1168-74. doi: 10.1126/science.1193748. Epub 2010 Jul 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa. caprisa@ukzn.ac.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20643915" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*analogs & ; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Administration, Intravaginal ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic ; use ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; HIV-1/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Organophosphonates/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Patient Compliance ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Behavior ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Tenofovir ; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data ; Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies ; Viral Load ; Young Adult
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2010-03-13
    Description: Extracellular matrices in diverse biological systems are cross-linked by dityrosine covalent bonds catalyzed by the peroxidase/oxidase system. We show that a peroxidase, secreted by the Anopheles gambiae midgut, and dual oxidase form a dityrosine network that decreases gut permeability to immune elicitors. This network protects the microbiota by preventing activation of epithelial immunity. It also provides a suitable environment for malaria parasites to develop within the midgut lumen without inducing nitric oxide synthase expression. Disruption of this barrier results in strong and effective pathogen-specific immune responses.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510679/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510679/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kumar, Sanjeev -- Molina-Cruz, Alvaro -- Gupta, Lalita -- Rodrigues, Janneth -- Barillas-Mury, Carolina -- ZIA AI000947-08/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 26;327(5973):1644-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1184008. Epub 2010 Mar 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles gambiae/*enzymology/*immunology/microbiology/parasitology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Bacteria/immunology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Blood ; Digestive System/enzymology/immunology/microbiology/parasitology ; Enzyme Induction ; Epithelial Cells/immunology/microbiology/parasitology ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Insect Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; NADPH Oxidase/genetics/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/biosynthesis ; Permeability ; Peroxidase/genetics/*metabolism ; Plasmodium berghei/immunology/physiology ; Plasmodium falciparum/immunology/physiology ; RNA Interference ; Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2010-09-04
    Description: Leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA(4)H) is a proinflammatory enzyme that generates the inflammatory mediator leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)). LTA(4)H also possesses aminopeptidase activity with unknown substrate and physiological importance; we identified the neutrophil chemoattractant proline-glycine-proline (PGP) as this physiological substrate. PGP is a biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is implicated in neutrophil persistence in the lung. In acute neutrophil-driven inflammation, PGP was degraded by LTA(4)H, which facilitated the resolution of inflammation. In contrast, cigarette smoke, a major risk factor for the development of COPD, selectively inhibited LTA(4)H aminopeptidase activity, which led to the accumulation of PGP and neutrophils. These studies imply that therapeutic strategies inhibiting LTA(4)H to prevent LTB(4) generation may not reduce neutrophil recruitment because of elevated levels of PGP.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072752/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072752/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Snelgrove, Robert J -- Jackson, Patricia L -- Hardison, Matthew T -- Noerager, Brett D -- Kinloch, Andrew -- Gaggar, Amit -- Shastry, Suresh -- Rowe, Steven M -- Shim, Yun M -- Hussell, Tracy -- Blalock, J Edwin -- 082727/Z/07/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1K23DK075788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- 1R03DK084110-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- G0400795/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0802752/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HL07783/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL087824/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL090999/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL102371-A1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- K08HL091127/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P171/03/C1/048/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P30 DK079337/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30AR050948/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P30CA13148/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 AT00477/AT/NCCIH NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077783/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL077783-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087824/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL087824-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL090999/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL090999-02S1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL090999-04/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL102371/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- RR19231/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U54CA100949/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):90-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1190594. Epub 2010 Sep 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Lung Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. rjs198@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokines, CXC/metabolism ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Epoxide Hydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Leukotriene B4/metabolism ; Lung/*immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophils/enzymology/immunology/*physiology ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Pneumococcal Infections/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Pneumonia/*immunology/metabolism/pathology/therapy ; Proline/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; *Smoke ; Tobacco
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  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-03-13
    Description: The evolution of family life has traditionally been studied in parallel by behavioral ecologists and quantitative geneticists. The former focus on parent-offspring conflict and whether parents or offspring control provisioning, whereas the latter concentrate on the coadaptation of parental supply and offspring demand. Here we show how prenatal effects on offspring begging can link the two different approaches. Using theoretical and experimental analyses, we show that when offspring control provisioning, prenatal effects primarily serve the parent's interests: Selection on parents drives coadaptation of parent and offspring traits. In contrast, when parents control provisioning, prenatal effects primarily serve the offspring's interests: Selection on the offspring drives coadaptation of parent and offspring traits. Parent-offspring conflict may thus be responsible for the selective forces that generate parent-offspring coadaptation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hinde, Camilla A -- Johnstone, Rufus A -- Kilner, Rebecca M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 12;327(5971):1373-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1186056.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; *Canaries/growth & development ; *Conflict (Psychology) ; Cues ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Genetic Fitness ; *Maternal Behavior ; Nesting Behavior ; *Selection, Genetic
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: Queens of ants and bees normally obtain a lifetime supply of sperm on a single day of sexual activity, and sperm competition is expected to occur in lineages where queens receive sperm from multiple males. We compared singly mated (monandrous) and multiply mated (polyandrous) sister groups of ants and bees and show that seminal fluid of polyandrous species has a more positive effect on the survival of a male's own sperm than on other males' sperm. This difference was not observed in the monandrous species, suggesting that incapacitation of competing sperm may have independently evolved in both bees and ants. In Atta leafcutter ants, the negative effect of the seminal fluid of other males was negated by secretion from the queen sperm-storage organ, suggesting that queens may control ejaculate competition after sperm storage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉den Boer, Susanne P A -- Baer, Boris -- Boomsma, Jacobus J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 19;327(5972):1506-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1184709.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ants/*physiology ; Bees/*physiology ; Cell Survival ; Female ; Fertilization ; Genitalia, Female/physiology ; Genitalia, Male/physiology ; Male ; Reproduction ; Semen/*chemistry/*physiology ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2010-01-30
    Description: The prion hypothesis posits that a misfolded form of prion protein (PrP) is responsible for the infectivity of prion disease. Using recombinant murine PrP purified from Escherichia coli, we created a recombinant prion with the attributes of the pathogenic PrP isoform: aggregated, protease-resistant, and self-perpetuating. After intracerebral injection of the recombinant prion, wild-type mice developed neurological signs in approximately 130 days and reached the terminal stage of disease in approximately 150 days. Characterization of diseased mice revealed classic neuropathology of prion disease, the presence of protease-resistant PrP, and the capability of serially transmitting the disease; these findings confirmed that the mice succumbed to prion disease. Thus, as postulated by the prion hypothesis, the infectivity in mammalian prion disease results from an altered conformation of PrP.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2893558/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2893558/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Fei -- Wang, Xinhe -- Yuan, Chong-Gang -- Ma, Jiyan -- R01 NS060729/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS060729-01A1/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS060729/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 26;327(5969):1132-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1183748. Epub 2010 Jan 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20110469" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cell Line ; Endopeptidase K/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Liver/chemistry ; Mice ; Neurons/chemistry ; Phosphatidylglycerols/*chemistry ; PrPC Proteins/chemistry/pathogenicity ; PrPSc Proteins/analysis/*chemistry/*pathogenicity ; Prion Diseases/*etiology/pathology ; Prions/*chemistry/*pathogenicity ; Protein Folding ; RNA/*chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Genetic crosses in many organisms have shown that alleles of unlinked genes generally assort independently of one another during gamete formation. However, variation in chromosome size may affect the process of meiosis and lead to nonindependent assortment of chromosomes. We therefore examined chromosomes with insertions and found that they preferentially segregated away from the X chromosome during meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans males. Conversely, chromosomes with deletions preferentially segregated with the X chromosome. The degree of segregation bias was significantly associated with the length of the insertion or deletion. Simulations revealed that this segregation bias leads to genome size reduction in hermaphroditic species, a pattern consistent with differences in genome sizes in the genus Caenorhabditis. These results suggest that insertions and deletions may affect chromosome segregation patterns.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, John -- Chen, Pei-Jiun -- Wang, George J -- Keller, Laurent -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):293. doi: 10.1126/science.1190130.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. John.Wang@unil.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/physiology ; Chromosome Deletion ; *Chromosome Segregation ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Female ; *Genome ; INDEL Mutation ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Transgenes ; X Chromosome/genetics
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2010-07-31
    Description: Dopamine (DA) has long been implicated in impulsivity, but the precise mechanisms linking human variability in DA signaling to differences in impulsive traits remain largely unknown. By using a dual-scan positron emission tomography approach in healthy human volunteers with amphetamine and the D2/D3 ligand [18F]fallypride, we found that higher levels of trait impulsivity were predicted by diminished midbrain D2/D3 autoreceptor binding and greater amphetamine-induced DA release in the striatum, which was in turn associated with stimulant craving. Path analysis confirmed that the impact of decreased midbrain D2/D3 autoreceptor availability on trait impulsivity is mediated in part through its effect on stimulated striatal DA release.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3161413/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3161413/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buckholtz, Joshua W -- Treadway, Michael T -- Cowan, Ronald L -- Woodward, Neil D -- Li, Rui -- Ansari, M Sib -- Baldwin, Ronald M -- Schwartzman, Ashley N -- Shelby, Evan S -- Smith, Clarence E -- Kessler, Robert M -- Zald, David H -- R01 DA019670/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019670-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01DA019670-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH018921/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH018921-22/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 30;329(5991):532. doi: 10.1126/science.1185778.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA. joshua.buckholtz@vanderbilt.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20671181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Amphetamine-Related Disorders/etiology/metabolism ; Autoreceptors/metabolism ; Benzamides/metabolism ; Corpus Striatum/*metabolism ; Dextroamphetamine/*administration & dosage ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Male ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Pyrrolidines/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D3/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Substantia Nigra/metabolism ; Tegmentum Mesencephali/*metabolism ; Ventral Tegmental Area/metabolism ; Young Adult
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  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 15;327(5963):260-2. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5963.260.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20075226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; *Genome, Insect ; Insects/parasitology ; Lepidoptera/parasitology ; Male ; Pest Control, Biological ; Research ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Wasps/classification/*genetics/microbiology/physiology
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2010-06-26
    Description: Touch is both the first sense to develop and a critical means of information acquisition and environmental manipulation. Physical touch experiences may create an ontological scaffold for the development of intrapersonal and interpersonal conceptual and metaphorical knowledge, as well as a springboard for the application of this knowledge. In six experiments, holding heavy or light clipboards, solving rough or smooth puzzles, and touching hard or soft objects nonconsciously influenced impressions and decisions formed about unrelated people and situations. Among other effects, heavy objects made job candidates appear more important, rough objects made social interactions appear more difficult, and hard objects increased rigidity in negotiations. Basic tactile sensations are thus shown to influence higher social cognitive processing in dimension-specific and metaphor-specific ways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3005631/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3005631/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ackerman, Joshua M -- Nocera, Christopher C -- Bargh, John A -- MH60767/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH060767-10/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1712-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1189993.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E62, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20576894" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cognition ; Cues ; *Decision Making ; Female ; Games, Experimental ; Humans ; *Judgment ; Male ; Metaphor ; *Social Perception ; *Touch ; Touch Perception ; Young Adult
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2010-05-15
    Description: Tibetans have lived at very high altitudes for thousands of years, and they have a distinctive suite of physiological traits that enable them to tolerate environmental hypoxia. These phenotypes are clearly the result of adaptation to this environment, but their genetic basis remains unknown. We report genome-wide scans that reveal positive selection in several regions that contain genes whose products are likely involved in high-altitude adaptation. Positively selected haplotypes of EGLN1 and PPARA were significantly associated with the decreased hemoglobin phenotype that is unique to this highland population. Identification of these genes provides support for previously hypothesized mechanisms of high-altitude adaptation and illuminates the complexity of hypoxia-response pathways in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simonson, Tatum S -- Yang, Yingzhong -- Huff, Chad D -- Yun, Haixia -- Qin, Ga -- Witherspoon, David J -- Bai, Zhenzhong -- Lorenzo, Felipe R -- Xing, Jinchuan -- Jorde, Lynn B -- Prchal, Josef T -- Ge, RiLi -- 1P01CA108671-01A2/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK069513/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- GM059290/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL50077/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R00 HG005846/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):72-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1189406. Epub 2010 May 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acclimatization ; *Altitude ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; Female ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Variation ; Genome, Human ; Haplotypes ; Hemoglobins/*analysis ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1/metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases ; Linear Models ; Male ; *Oxygen ; PPAR alpha/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase/*genetics ; *Selection, Genetic ; Signal Transduction ; Tibet
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  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, Greg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):22. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6000.22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cooperative Behavior ; *Emotional Intelligence ; Female ; *Group Processes ; Humans ; *Intelligence ; Male
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2010-05-01
    Description: Mirror movements are involuntary contralateral movements that mirror voluntary ones and are often associated with defects in midline crossing of the developing central nervous system. We studied two large families, one French Canadian and one Iranian, in which isolated congenital mirror movements were inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. We found that affected individuals carried protein-truncating mutations in DCC (deleted in colorectal carcinoma), a gene on chromosome 18q21.2 that encodes a receptor for netrin-1, a diffusible protein that helps guide axon growth across the midline. Functional analysis of the mutant DCC protein from the French Canadian family revealed a defect in netrin-1 binding. Thus, DCC has an important role in lateralization of the human nervous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Srour, Myriam -- Riviere, Jean-Baptiste -- Pham, Jessica M T -- Dube, Marie-Pierre -- Girard, Simon -- Morin, Steves -- Dion, Patrick A -- Asselin, Geraldine -- Rochefort, Daniel -- Hince, Pascale -- Diab, Sabrina -- Sharafaddinzadeh, Naser -- Chouinard, Sylvain -- Theoret, Hugo -- Charron, Frederic -- Rouleau, Guy A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 30;328(5978):592. doi: 10.1126/science.1186463.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center of Excellence in Neuromics, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC H2L 2W5, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20431009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Axons/physiology ; Codon, Terminator ; Dyskinesias/*congenital/*genetics ; Female ; *Frameshift Mutation ; Functional Laterality ; *Genes, DCC ; Genes, Dominant ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism ; Nervous System/growth & development ; Pedigree ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2010-10-23
    Description: The intracerebral injection of beta-amyloid-containing brain extracts can induce cerebral beta-amyloidosis and associated pathologies in susceptible hosts. We found that intraperitoneal inoculation with beta-amyloid-rich extracts induced beta-amyloidosis in the brains of beta-amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice after prolonged incubation times.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3233904/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3233904/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eisele, Yvonne S -- Obermuller, Ulrike -- Heilbronner, Gotz -- Baumann, Frank -- Kaeser, Stephan A -- Wolburg, Hartwig -- Walker, Lary C -- Staufenbiel, Matthias -- Heikenwalder, Mathias -- Jucker, Mathias -- P51 RR000165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- P51 RR000165-51/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR-00165/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 12;330(6006):980-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1194516. Epub 2010 Oct 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966215" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/metabolism/pathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/administration & dosage/*chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/blood supply/*pathology ; Brain Chemistry ; Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Plaque, Amyloid/pathology ; Prions/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Time Factors
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2010-05-29
    Description: Intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, are detected in the cytosol of host immune cells. Induction of this host response is often dependent on microbial secretion systems and, in L. monocytogenes, is dependent on multidrug efflux pumps (MDRs). Using L. monocytogenes mutants that overexpressed MDRs, we identified cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) as a secreted molecule able to trigger the cytosolic host response. Overexpression of the di-adenylate cyclase, dacA (lmo2120), resulted in elevated levels of the host response during infection. c-di-AMP thus represents a putative bacterial secondary signaling molecule that triggers a cytosolic pathway of innate immunity and is predicted to be present in a wide variety of bacteria and archea.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3156580/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3156580/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woodward, Joshua J -- Iavarone, Anthony T -- Portnoy, Daniel A -- P01 AI063302/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- P01 AI063302-03/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA 009179/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009179/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009179-35/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 25;328(5986):1703-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1189801. Epub 2010 May 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20508090" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Cytosol/immunology/microbiology ; Dinucleoside Phosphates/*metabolism ; Female ; Genes, Bacterial ; *Immunity, Innate ; Interferon-beta/*metabolism ; Ligands ; Listeria monocytogenes/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Macrophages/*immunology/*microbiology ; Mass Spectrometry ; Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Operon ; Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases/genetics/metabolism
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2010-04-17
    Description: The anterior prefrontal cortex (APC) confers on humans the ability to simultaneously pursue several goals. How does the brain's motivational system, including the medial frontal cortex (MFC), drive the pursuit of concurrent goals? Using brain imaging, we observed that the left and right MFC, which jointly drive single-task performance according to expected rewards, divide under dual-task conditions: While the left MFC encodes the rewards driving one task, the right MFC concurrently encodes those driving the other task. The same dichotomy was observed in the lateral frontal cortex, whereas the APC combined the rewards driving both tasks. The two frontal lobes thus divide for representing simultaneously two concurrent goals coordinated by the APC. The human frontal function seems limited to driving the pursuit of two concurrent goals simultaneously.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Charron, Sylvain -- Koechlin, Etienne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 16;328(5976):360-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1183614.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Paris F-75654 Cedex 13, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20395509" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cues ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/*physiology ; *Goals ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; *Reward ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Ventral Tegmental Area/physiology ; Young Adult
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  • 62
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: Most firefly species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) use bioluminescent flashes for signaling. In some species, the flashing between males occurs rhythmically and repeatedly (synchronically) with millisecond precision. We studied synchrony's behavioral role in the North American firefly, Photinus carolinus. We placed a female in a virtual environment containing artificial males that flashed at varying degrees of synchrony. Females responded to an average of 82% of synchronous flashes compared with as few as 3% of asynchronous flashes. We conclude that one function of flash synchrony is to facilitate a female's ability to recognize her conspecific male's flashing by eliminating potential visual clutter from other flashing males.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moiseff, Andrew -- Copeland, Jonathan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):181. doi: 10.1126/science.1190421.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. Andrew.Moiseff@UConn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616271" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Communication ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Female ; Fireflies/*physiology ; *Light ; Male ; *Periodicity ; Species Specificity ; Vision, Ocular/physiology
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hvistendahl, Mara -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1458-61. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5998.1458.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847244" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Distribution ; Birth Rate ; Child ; China ; *Family Characteristics ; *Family Planning Policy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Only Child ; *Population Control ; Population Dynamics ; *Population Growth ; Sex Ratio
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: Residents of the Tibetan Plateau show heritable adaptations to extreme altitude. We sequenced 50 exomes of ethnic Tibetans, encompassing coding sequences of 92% of human genes, with an average coverage of 18x per individual. Genes showing population-specific allele frequency changes, which represent strong candidates for altitude adaptation, were identified. The strongest signal of natural selection came from endothelial Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain protein 1 (EPAS1), a transcription factor involved in response to hypoxia. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at EPAS1 shows a 78% frequency difference between Tibetan and Han samples, representing the fastest allele frequency change observed at any human gene to date. This SNP's association with erythrocyte abundance supports the role of EPAS1 in adaptation to hypoxia. Thus, a population genomic survey has revealed a functionally important locus in genetic adaptation to high altitude.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711608/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711608/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yi, Xin -- Liang, Yu -- Huerta-Sanchez, Emilia -- Jin, Xin -- Cuo, Zha Xi Ping -- Pool, John E -- Xu, Xun -- Jiang, Hui -- Vinckenbosch, Nicolas -- Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand -- Zheng, Hancheng -- Liu, Tao -- He, Weiming -- Li, Kui -- Luo, Ruibang -- Nie, Xifang -- Wu, Honglong -- Zhao, Meiru -- Cao, Hongzhi -- Zou, Jing -- Shan, Ying -- Li, Shuzheng -- Yang, Qi -- Asan -- Ni, Peixiang -- Tian, Geng -- Xu, Junming -- Liu, Xiao -- Jiang, Tao -- Wu, Renhua -- Zhou, Guangyu -- Tang, Meifang -- Qin, Junjie -- Wang, Tong -- Feng, Shuijian -- Li, Guohong -- Huasang -- Luosang, Jiangbai -- Wang, Wei -- Chen, Fang -- Wang, Yading -- Zheng, Xiaoguang -- Li, Zhuo -- Bianba, Zhuoma -- Yang, Ge -- Wang, Xinping -- Tang, Shuhui -- Gao, Guoyi -- Chen, Yong -- Luo, Zhen -- Gusang, Lamu -- Cao, Zheng -- Zhang, Qinghui -- Ouyang, Weihan -- Ren, Xiaoli -- Liang, Huiqing -- Zheng, Huisong -- Huang, Yebo -- Li, Jingxiang -- Bolund, Lars -- Kristiansen, Karsten -- Li, Yingrui -- Zhang, Yong -- Zhang, Xiuqing -- Li, Ruiqiang -- Li, Songgang -- Yang, Huanming -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Wang, Jun -- Wang, Jian -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH084695/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01MHG084695/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 2;329(5987):75-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1190371.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20595611" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acclimatization/*genetics ; *Altitude ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology ; Bayes Theorem ; China ; Erythrocyte Count ; Ethnic Groups/genetics ; *Exons ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Association Studies ; *Genome, Human ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Oxygen/blood ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tibet
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1460-1. doi: 10.1126/science.330.6010.1460.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148356" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/*microbiology/*virology ; Animals ; Dengue/prevention & control/*transmission ; Dengue Virus/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Insect Vectors/*microbiology/virology ; Male ; Queensland ; Wolbachia/*physiology
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  • 66
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-01-09
    Description: In cases where uninvolved bystanders pay to punish defectors, this behavior has typically been interpreted in terms of group-level rather than individual-level benefits. Male cleaner fish, Labroides dimidiatus, punish their female partner if she cheats while inspecting model clients. Punishment promotes female cooperation and thereby yields direct foraging benefits to the male. Thus, third-party punishment can evolve via self-serving tendencies in a nonhuman species, and this finding may shed light on the evolutionary dynamics of more complex behavior in other animal species, including humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Raihani, Nichola J -- Grutter, Alexandra S -- Bshary, Redouan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):171. doi: 10.1126/science.1183068.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK. nichola.raihani@ioz.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Decapoda (Crustacea) ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Fishes ; Male ; *Perciformes ; *Punishment
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 23;329(5990):378. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5990.378.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; Extinction, Biological ; Female ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Human Activities ; Humans ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; *Porpoises ; *Rivers
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2010-12-15
    Description: The consumption of a food typically leads to a decrease in its subsequent intake through habituation--a decrease in one's responsiveness to the food and motivation to obtain it. We demonstrated that habituation to a food item can occur even when its consumption is merely imagined. Five experiments showed that people who repeatedly imagined eating a food (such as cheese) many times subsequently consumed less of the imagined food than did people who repeatedly imagined eating that food fewer times, imagined eating a different food (such as candy), or did not imagine eating a food. They did so because they desired to eat it less, not because they considered it less palatable. These results suggest that mental representation alone can engender habituation to a stimulus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morewedge, Carey K -- Huh, Young Eun -- Vosgerau, Joachim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1530-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1195701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Porter Hall 208, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. morewedge@cmu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Appetite ; Candy ; Cheese ; *Eating ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Food Preferences ; *Habituation, Psychophysiologic ; Humans ; *Imagination ; Male ; Motivation ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Young Adult
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2010-08-28
    Description: Somatic loss of wild-type alleles can produce disease traits such as neoplasia. Conversely, somatic loss of disease-causing mutations can revert phenotypes; however, these events are infrequently observed. Here we show that ichthyosis with confetti, a severe, sporadic skin disease in humans, is associated with thousands of revertant clones of normal skin that arise from loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17q via mitotic recombination. This allowed us to map and identify disease-causing mutations in the gene encoding keratin 10 (KRT10); all result in frameshifts into the same alternative reading frame, producing an arginine-rich C-terminal peptide that redirects keratin 10 from the cytokeratin filament network to the nucleolus. The high frequency of somatic reversion in ichthyosis with confetti suggests that revertant stem cell clones are under strong positive selection and/or that the rate of mitotic recombination is elevated in individuals with this disorder.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3085938/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3085938/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Choate, Keith A -- Lu, Yin -- Zhou, Jing -- Choi, Murim -- Elias, Peter M -- Farhi, Anita -- Nelson-Williams, Carol -- Crumrine, Debra -- Williams, Mary L -- Nopper, Amy J -- Bree, Alanna -- Milstone, Leonard M -- Lifton, Richard P -- K08 AR056305/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR056305-01/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR056305-02/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR056305-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR056305-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 AR007016/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 1;330(6000):94-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1192280. Epub 2010 Aug 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20798280" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Cell Nucleolus/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/*genetics ; Female ; *Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital/*genetics/pathology ; Intermediate Filaments/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Keratin-10/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Keratins/metabolism ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; *Mitosis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mosaicism ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Selection, Genetic ; Skin/pathology
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: Recent studies have shown that some plants and animals harbor microbial symbionts that protect them against natural enemies. Here we demonstrate that a maternally transmitted bacterium, Spiroplasma, protects Drosophila neotestacea against the sterilizing effects of a parasitic nematode, both in the laboratory and the field. This nematode parasitizes D. neotestacea at high frequencies in natural populations, and, until recently, almost all infections resulted in complete sterility. Several lines of evidence suggest that Spiroplasma is spreading in North American populations of D. neotestacea and that a major adaptive change to a symbiont-based mode of defense is under way. These findings demonstrate the profound and potentially rapid effects of defensive symbionts, which are increasingly recognized as major players in the ecology of species interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaenike, John -- Unckless, Robert -- Cockburn, Sarah N -- Boelio, Lisa M -- Perlman, Steve J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):212-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1188235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA. john.jaenike@rochester.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Drosophila/genetics/microbiology/parasitology/*physiology ; Female ; Fertility ; Haplotypes ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spiroplasma/isolation & purification/*physiology ; *Symbiosis ; Tylenchida/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Wolbachia/isolation & purification/physiology
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  • 71
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-06-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuk, Marlene -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 4;328(5983):1237-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1191036.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biology Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. marlene.zuk@ucr.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20522762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Animals ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Gryllidae/*genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Reproduction ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2010-06-12
    Description: A critical role in place learning has been attributed to place cells within the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) sector of the hippocampus in rodents. The role of CA1 cells in the human hippocampus with regard to place learning remains elusive. Using a virtual Morris water maze, we investigated patients with acute transient global amnesia (TGA), a rare self-limiting dysfunction of the hippocampal system. Fourteen individuals with selective and focal lesions in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus showed a profound impairment in place learning. The size of the lesions and the duration of the TGA correlated with the deficit in the performance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartsch, T -- Schonfeld, R -- Muller, F J -- Alfke, K -- Leplow, B -- Aldenhoff, J -- Deuschl, G -- Koch, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 11;328(5984):1412-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1188160.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. t.bartsch@neurologie.uni-kiel.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20538952" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amnesia, Transient Global/*pathology/physiopathology/psychology ; Brain Mapping ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/*pathology/physiopathology ; Cues ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Maze Learning ; *Memory ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/*pathology ; Regression Analysis
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2010-09-04
    Description: Recent reports of increased tolerance to artemisinin derivatives--the most recently adopted class of antimalarials--have prompted a need for new treatments. The spirotetrahydro-beta-carbolines, or spiroindolones, are potent drugs that kill the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax clinical isolates at low nanomolar concentration. Spiroindolones rapidly inhibit protein synthesis in P. falciparum, an effect that is ablated in parasites bearing nonsynonymous mutations in the gene encoding the P-type cation-transporter ATPase4 (PfATP4). The optimized spiroindolone NITD609 shows pharmacokinetic properties compatible with once-daily oral dosing and has single-dose efficacy in a rodent malaria model.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3050001/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3050001/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rottmann, Matthias -- McNamara, Case -- Yeung, Bryan K S -- Lee, Marcus C S -- Zou, Bin -- Russell, Bruce -- Seitz, Patrick -- Plouffe, David M -- Dharia, Neekesh V -- Tan, Jocelyn -- Cohen, Steven B -- Spencer, Kathryn R -- Gonzalez-Paez, Gonzalo E -- Lakshminarayana, Suresh B -- Goh, Anne -- Suwanarusk, Rossarin -- Jegla, Timothy -- Schmitt, Esther K -- Beck, Hans-Peter -- Brun, Reto -- Nosten, Francois -- Renia, Laurent -- Dartois, Veronique -- Keller, Thomas H -- Fidock, David A -- Winzeler, Elizabeth A -- Diagana, Thierry T -- R01 AI059472/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI059472-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI059472-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI059472/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- WT078285/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1175-80. doi: 10.1126/science.1193225.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Parasite Chemotherapy, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20813948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Animals ; Antimalarials/administration & dosage/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Drug Discovery ; Drug Resistance ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; Female ; Genes, Protozoan ; Humans ; Indoles/administration & dosage/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Malaria/*drug therapy/parasitology ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Mutant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Mutation ; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests ; Plasmodium berghei/*drug effects ; Plasmodium falciparum/*drug effects/genetics/growth & development ; Plasmodium vivax/*drug effects/growth & development ; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/administration & ; dosage/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology ; Protozoan Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spiro Compounds/administration & dosage/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1454. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5998.1454.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847240" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Blood/virology ; DNA, Viral/blood ; False Positive Reactions ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/*virology ; Female ; Gammaretrovirus/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*virology ; Retroviridae Infections/virology ; Tumor Virus Infections/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2010-05-15
    Description: Constant harvest policies for fish and wildlife populations can lead to population collapse in the face of stochastic variation in population growth rates. Here, we show that weak compensatory response by resource users or managers to changing levels of resource abundance can readily induce harvest cycles that accentuate the risk of catastrophic population collapse. Dynamic system models incorporating this mix of feedback predict that cycles or quasi-cycles with decadal periodicity should commonly occur in harvested wildlife populations, with effort and quotas lagging far behind resources, whereas harvests should exhibit lags of intermediate length. Empirical data gathered from three hunted populations of white-tailed deer and moose were consistent with these predictions of both underlying behavioral causes and dynamical consequences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fryxell, John M -- Packer, Craig -- McCann, Kevin -- Solberg, Erling J -- Saether, Bernt-Erik -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 14;328(5980):903-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1185802.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. jfryxell@uoguelph.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Behavior ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Deer ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; Norway ; Ontario ; Periodicity ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Population Growth ; Public Policy ; Seasons
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roberts, Leslie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 5;327(5966):636-7. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5966.636.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20133549" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; *Elephantiasis, Filarial/drug therapy/epidemiology/parasitology/prevention & ; control ; Female ; Filaricides/*administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Haiti/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; *Public Health ; United States ; Wuchereria bancrofti/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2010-04-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 9;328(5975):154-5. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5975.154.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20378782" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Humans ; Male ; Radiometric Dating ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; South Africa
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2010-10-16
    Description: Granulosa cells of mammalian Graafian follicles maintain oocytes in meiotic arrest, which prevents their precocious maturation. We show that mouse mural granulosa cells, which line the follicle wall, express natriuretic peptide precursor type C (Nppc) messenger RNA (mRNA), whereas cumulus cells surrounding oocytes express mRNA of the NPPC receptor NPR2, a guanylyl cyclase. NPPC increased cGMP levels in cumulus cells and oocytes and inhibited meiotic resumption in vitro. Meiotic arrest was not sustained in most Graafian follicles of Nppc or Npr2 mutant mice, and meiosis resumed precociously. Oocyte-derived paracrine factors promoted cumulus cell expression of Npr2 mRNA. Therefore, the granulosa cell ligand NPPC and its receptor NPR2 in cumulus cells prevent precocious meiotic maturation, which is critical for maturation and ovulation synchrony and for normal female fertility.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3056542/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3056542/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Meijia -- Su, You-Qiang -- Sugiura, Koji -- Xia, Guoliang -- Eppig, John J -- HD21970/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD23839/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD023839/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD023839-22/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD021970/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R37 HD021970-25/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 15;330(6002):366-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1193573.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20947764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cumulus Cells/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic GMP/metabolism ; Female ; Granulosa Cells/*metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism ; Ligands ; *Meiosis ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type/genetics/*metabolism ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Protein Precursors/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: At fertilization, mouse sperm bind to the zona pellucida (which consists of glycoproteins ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3) that surrounds eggs. A ZP2 cleavage model of gamete recognition requires intact ZP2, and a glycan release model postulates that zona glycans are ligands for sperm. These two models were tested by replacing endogenous protein with ZP2 that cannot be cleaved (Zp2(Mut)) or with ZP3 lacking implicated O glycans (Zp3(Mut)). Sperm bound to two-cell Zp2(Mut) embryos despite fertilization and cortical granule exocytosis. Contrary to prediction, sperm fertilized Zp3(Mut) eggs. Sperm at the surface of the zona pellucida remained acrosome-intact for more than 2 hours and were displaced by additional sperm. These data indicate that sperm-egg recognition depends on the cleavage status of ZP2 and that binding at the surface of the zona is not sufficient to induce sperm acrosome exocytosis.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272265/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272265/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gahlay, Gagandeep -- Gauthier, Lyn -- Baibakov, Boris -- Epifano, Olga -- Dean, Jurrien -- ZIA DK015603-05/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):216-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1188178.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acrosome/physiology ; Acrosome Reaction ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Egg Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Exocytosis ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization ; Ligands ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Biological ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Sperm Capacitation ; *Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa/*metabolism ; Zona Pellucida/*metabolism ; Zygote/metabolism
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2010-05-22
    Description: Germline stem cells continually produce sperm in vertebrate testes, whereas there is no direct evidence showing that germline stem cells are present in adult vertebrate ovaries. By using transgenic methods and clonal analysis, we identified germline stem cells that supported oogenesis and the production of offspring in the ovaries of adult medaka fish. Early-stage germ cells were localized in clusters along interwoven threadlike cords of sox9b-expressing somatic cells (termed germinal cradles) where the germ cells developed. Germline stem cells gave rise to germ cells that divided to produce cysts, which then underwent cell death or separated to form follicles. Our results provide insight into the germline stem cell biology of medaka and provide a model system for studying vertebrate stem cell niches.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakamura, Shuhei -- Kobayashi, Kayo -- Nishimura, Toshiya -- Higashijima, Shin-ichi -- Tanaka, Minoru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jun 18;328(5985):1561-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1185473. Epub 2010 May 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Genetics for Reproduction, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20488987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Movement ; Female ; Germ Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Meiosis ; Mitosis ; Oocytes/*cytology/physiology ; *Oogenesis ; Oogonia/cytology/physiology ; *Oryzias/genetics/physiology ; Ovarian Follicle/cytology ; Ovary/*cytology ; SOX9 Transcription Factor/genetics/metabolism ; *Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: The rediscovery of remnant Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) in southern Florida swamplands prompted a program to protect and stabilize the population. In 1995, conservation managers translocated eight female pumas (P. c. stanleyana) from Texas to increase depleted genetic diversity, improve population numbers, and reverse indications of inbreeding depression. We have assessed the demographic, population-genetic, and biomedical consequences of this restoration experiment and show that panther numbers increased threefold, genetic heterozygosity doubled, survival and fitness measures improved, and inbreeding correlates declined significantly. Although these results are encouraging, continued habitat loss, persistent inbreeding, infectious agents, and possible habitat saturation pose new dilemmas. This intensive management program illustrates the challenges of maintaining populations of large predators worldwide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Warren E -- Onorato, David P -- Roelke, Melody E -- Land, E Darrell -- Cunningham, Mark -- Belden, Robert C -- McBride, Roy -- Jansen, Deborah -- Lotz, Mark -- Shindle, David -- Howard, JoGayle -- Wildt, David E -- Penfold, Linda M -- Hostetler, Jeffrey A -- Oli, Madan K -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- N01-CO-12400/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1641-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1192891.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. warjohns@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/classification/genetics/physiology ; Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; Female ; Florida ; Genetic Fitness ; *Genetic Variation ; Heterozygote ; Hybrid Vigor ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Inbreeding ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Population Density ; Puma/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Reproduction ; Survival ; Texas
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  • 82
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):172. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5988.172.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Child, Abandoned ; *Child, Orphaned ; Female ; *HIV Infections/complications/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; Pregnancy, Unwanted ; Risk Factors ; Russia ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*complications
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2010-10-30
    Description: Copy number variants affect both disease and normal phenotypic variation, but those lying within heavily duplicated, highly identical sequence have been difficult to assay. By analyzing short-read mapping depth for 159 human genomes, we demonstrated accurate estimation of absolute copy number for duplications as small as 1.9 kilobase pairs, ranging from 0 to 48 copies. We identified 4.1 million "singly unique nucleotide" positions informative in distinguishing specific copies and used them to genotype the copy and content of specific paralogs within highly duplicated gene families. These data identify human-specific expansions in genes associated with brain development, reveal extensive population genetic diversity, and detect signatures consistent with gene conversion in the human species. Our approach makes ~1000 genes accessible to genetic studies of disease association.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020103/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020103/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sudmant, Peter H -- Kitzman, Jacob O -- Antonacci, Francesca -- Alkan, Can -- Malig, Maika -- Tsalenko, Anya -- Sampas, Nick -- Bruhn, Laurakay -- Shendure, Jay -- 1000 Genomes Project -- Eichler, Evan E -- 085532/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- HG004120/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HG004120/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P01 HG004120-03/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003273/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 29;330(6004):641-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1197005.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chromosome Mapping ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; *DNA Copy Number Variations ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gene Conversion ; *Gene Dosage ; *Gene Duplication ; Gene Frequency ; Genes, Duplicate ; *Genetic Variation ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics/*methods ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2010-09-18
    Description: Tool use is so rare in the animal kingdom that its evolutionary origins cannot be traced with comparative analyses. Valuable insights can be gained from investigating the ecological context and adaptive significance of tool use under contemporary conditions, but obtaining robust observational data is challenging. We assayed individual-level tool-use dependence in wild New Caledonian crows by analyzing stable isotope profiles of the birds' feathers, blood, and putative food sources. Bayesian diet-mixing models revealed that a substantial amount of the crows' protein and lipid intake comes from prey obtained with stick tools--wood-boring beetle larvae. Our calculations provide estimates of larva-intake rates and show that just a few larvae can satisfy a crow's daily energy requirements, highlighting the substantial rewards available to competent tool users.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rutz, Christian -- Bluff, Lucas A -- Reed, Nicola -- Troscianko, Jolyon -- Newton, Jason -- Inger, Richard -- Kacelnik, Alex -- Bearhop, Stuart -- BB/C517392/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/G023913/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 17;329(5998):1523-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1192053.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK. christian.rutz@zoo.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20847272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aleurites ; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; Beetles ; Carbon Isotopes/analysis/blood ; Crows/*physiology ; Diet ; Feathers/chemistry ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Larva ; Male ; New Caledonia ; Nitrogen Isotopes/analysis/blood ; Nuts ; *Tool Use Behavior
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-07-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 9;329(5988):169. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5988.169.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20616266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Buprenorphine/*administration & dosage ; Female ; HIV Infections/prevention & control/transmission ; *Harm Reduction ; Humans ; *Law Enforcement ; Male ; Methadone/*administration & dosage ; Narcotics/administration & dosage ; Opioid-Related Disorders/*rehabilitation ; Police ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*rehabilitation ; Ukraine
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2010-09-10
    Description: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is an aggressive human cancer that is generally resistant to therapy. To explore the genetic origin of OCCC, we determined the exomic sequences of eight tumors after immunoaffinity purification of cancer cells. Through comparative analyses of normal cells from the same patients, we identified four genes that were mutated in at least two tumors. PIK3CA, which encodes a subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, and KRAS, which encodes a well-known oncoprotein, had previously been implicated in OCCC. The other two mutated genes were previously unknown to be involved in OCCC: PPP2R1A encodes a regulatory subunit of serine/threonine phosphatase 2, and ARID1A encodes adenine-thymine (AT)-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A, which participates in chromatin remodeling. The nature and pattern of the mutations suggest that PPP2R1A functions as an oncogene and ARID1A as a tumor-suppressor gene. In a total of 42 OCCCs, 7% had mutations in PPP2R1A and 57% had mutations in ARID1A. These results suggest that aberrant chromatin remodeling contributes to the pathogenesis of OCCC.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3076894/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3076894/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Sian -- Wang, Tian-Li -- Shih, Ie-Ming -- Mao, Tsui-Lien -- Nakayama, Kentaro -- Roden, Richard -- Glas, Ruth -- Slamon, Dennis -- Diaz, Luis A Jr -- Vogelstein, Bert -- Kinzler, Kenneth W -- Velculescu, Victor E -- Papadopoulos, Nickolas -- CA103937/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA122581/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA129080/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA57345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121113/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA121113-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 CA057345-20/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 8;330(6001):228-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1196333. Epub 2010 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20826764" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/*genetics ; Adult ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/*genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Genes, ras ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Oncogenes ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics ; Protein Phosphatase 2/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2010-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892655/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892655/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lo, Bernard -- Parham, Lindsay -- Cedars, Marcelle -- Fisher, Susan -- Gates, Elena -- Giudice, Linda -- Halme, Dina Gould -- Hershon, William -- Kriegstein, Arnold -- Rao, Radhika -- Roberts, Clifford -- Wagner, Richard -- UL1 RR024131/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR024131-04/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):962-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1180725.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Program in Medical Ethics, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. bernie@medicine.ucsf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Disclosure ; Embryo Disposition/*ethics/standards ; Embryo Research/*ethics ; *Embryonic Stem Cells ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; *Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Oocyte Donation ; *Tissue Donors ; United States
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2010-10-23
    Description: Mosquitoes in the Anopheles gambiae complex show rapid ecological and behavioral diversification, traits that promote malaria transmission and complicate vector control efforts. A high-density, genome-wide mosquito SNP-genotyping array allowed mapping of genomic differentiation between populations and species that exhibit varying levels of reproductive isolation. Regions near centromeres or within polymorphic inversions exhibited the greatest genetic divergence, but divergence was also observed elsewhere in the genomes. Signals of natural selection within populations were overrepresented among genomic regions that are differentiated between populations, implying that differentiation is often driven by population-specific selective events. Complex genomic differentiation among speciating vector mosquito populations implies that tools for genome-wide monitoring of population structure will prove useful for the advancement of malaria eradication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neafsey, D E -- Lawniczak, M K N -- Park, D J -- Redmond, S N -- Coulibaly, M B -- Traore, S F -- Sagnon, N -- Costantini, C -- Johnson, C -- Wiegand, R C -- Collins, F H -- Lander, E S -- Wirth, D F -- Kafatos, F C -- Besansky, N J -- Christophides, G K -- Muskavitch, M A T -- 077229/Z/05/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/E002641/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 22;330(6003):514-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1193036.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20966254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles gambiae/*genetics ; Female ; *Gene Flow ; *Genes, Insect ; Genotype ; Insect Vectors/*genetics ; Malaria ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2010-09-11
    Description: Mosquito midgut invasion by ookinetes of the malaria parasite Plasmodium disrupts the barriers that normally prevent the gut microbiota from coming in direct contact with epithelial cells. This triggers a long-lived response characterized by increased abundance of granulocytes, a subpopulation of hemocytes that circulates in the insect's hemocoel, and enhanced immunity to bacteria that indirectly reduces survival of Plasmodium parasites upon reinfection. In mosquitoes, differentiation of hemocytes was necessary and sufficient to confer innate immune memory.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510677/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510677/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rodrigues, Janneth -- Brayner, Fabio Andre -- Alves, Luiz Carlos -- Dixit, Rajnikant -- Barillas-Mury, Carolina -- ZIA AI000947-09/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1353-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1190689.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829487" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles gambiae/*immunology/microbiology/*parasitology ; Bacteria/*immunology ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Blood Cell Count ; Cell Differentiation ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Digestive System/microbiology/parasitology ; Epithelial Cells/microbiology ; Female ; Granulocytes/cytology/physiology ; Hematopoiesis ; Hemocytes/cytology/*physiology ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; *Immunity, Innate ; *Immunologic Memory ; Insect Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Insect Vectors/immunology/microbiology/parasitology ; Malaria/parasitology ; Mice ; Plasmodium berghei/*immunology/physiology
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2010-04-10
    Description: Despite a rich African Plio-Pleistocene hominin fossil record, the ancestry of Homo and its relation to earlier australopithecines remain unresolved. Here we report on two partial skeletons with an age of 1.95 to 1.78 million years. The fossils were encased in cave deposits at the Malapa site in South Africa. The skeletons were found close together and are directly associated with craniodental remains. Together they represent a new species of Australopithecus that is probably descended from Australopithecus africanus. Combined craniodental and postcranial evidence demonstrates that this new species shares more derived features with early Homo than any other australopith species and thus might help reveal the ancestor of that genus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, Lee R -- de Ruiter, Darryl J -- Churchill, Steven E -- Schmid, Peter -- Carlson, Kristian J -- Dirks, Paul H G M -- Kibii, Job M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 9;328(5975):195-204. doi: 10.1126/science.1184944.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. profleeberger@yahoo.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20378811" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Size ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; Dentition ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Male ; Mandible/anatomy & histology ; Skeleton ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; South Africa
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: Our understanding of postcopulatory sexual selection has been constrained by an inability to discriminate competing sperm of different males, coupled with challenges of directly observing live sperm inside the female reproductive tract. Real-time and spatiotemporal analyses of sperm movement, storage, and use within female Drosophila melanogaster inseminated by two transgenic males with, respectively, green and red sperm heads allowed us to unambiguously discriminate among hypothesized mechanisms underlying sperm precedence, including physical displacement and incapacitation of "resident" sperm by second males, female ejection of sperm, and biased use of competing sperm for fertilization. We find that competitive male fertilization success derives from a multivariate process involving ejaculate-female and ejaculate-ejaculate interactions, as well as complex sperm behavior in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Manier, Mollie K -- Belote, John M -- Berben, Kirstin S -- Novikov, David -- Stuart, Will T -- Pitnick, Scott -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 16;328(5976):354-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1187096. Epub 2010 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-1270, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299550" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Copulation ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Genitalia, Female/physiology ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Luminescent Proteins ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sperm Head ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa/*physiology
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2010-05-15
    Description: The mutation-selection-balance model predicts most additive genetic variation to arise from numerous mildly deleterious mutations of small effect. Correspondingly, "good genes" models of sexual selection and recent models for the evolution of sex are built on the assumption that mutational loads and breeding values for fitness-related traits are correlated. In support of this concept, inbreeding depression was negatively genetically correlated with breeding values for traits under natural and sexual selection in the weevil Callosobruchus maculatus. The correlations were stronger in males and strongest for condition. These results confirm the role of existing, partially recessive mutations in maintaining additive genetic variation in outbred populations, reveal the nature of good genes under sexual selection, and show how sexual selection can offset the cost of sex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tomkins, Joseph L -- Penrose, Marissa A -- Greeff, Johan -- LeBas, Natasha R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 May 14;328(5980):892-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1188013.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. jtomkins@cyllene.uwa.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20466931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Beetles/*genetics/physiology ; *Breeding ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Fitness ; *Genetic Variation ; Inbreeding ; Male ; *Mating Preference, Animal ; *Mutation ; Reproduction ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2010-03-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, Jon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Mar 5;327(5970):1197. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5970.1197.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20203030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Developing Countries ; Female ; *HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; Nevirapine/therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis/*drug therapy
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2010-11-27
    Description: Controlled chemical modifications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that tune their useful properties have been sought for multiple applications. We found that beneficial optical changes in SWCNTs resulted from introducing low concentrations of oxygen atoms. Stable covalently oxygen-doped nanotubes were prepared by exposure to ozone and then light. Treated samples showed distinct, structure-specific near-infrared fluorescence at wavelengths 10 to 15% longer than displayed by pristine semiconducting SWCNTs. Dopant sites harvest light energy absorbed in undoped nanotube regions by trapping mobile excitons. The oxygen-doped SWCNTs are much easier to detect and image than pristine SWCNTs because they give stronger near-infrared emission and do not absorb at the shifted emission wavelength.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ghosh, Saunab -- Bachilo, Sergei M -- Simonette, Rebecca A -- Beckingham, Kathleen M -- Weisman, R Bruce -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Dec 17;330(6011):1656-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1196382. Epub 2010 Nov 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and R. E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109631" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/*pathology ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Models, Chemical ; *Nanotubes, Carbon ; *Oxygen ; Ozone ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Uterine Neoplasms/*pathology
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2010-01-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Palmer, M A -- Bernhardt, E S -- Schlesinger, W H -- Eshleman, K N -- Foufoula-Georgiou, E -- Hendryx, M S -- Lemly, A D -- Likens, G E -- Loucks, O L -- Power, M E -- White, P S -- Wilcock, P R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):148-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1180543.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA. mpalmer@umd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20056876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biodiversity ; *Coal Mining/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects ; Environmental Restoration and Remediation/legislation & jurisprudence ; Female ; Fresh Water/*chemistry ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Public Policy ; United States ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 19;327(5968):936-8. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5968.936.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20167758" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Advisory Committees ; Age Factors ; Breast Neoplasms/mortality/*radiography ; *Early Detection of Cancer/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; *Mammography/adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Politics ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; United States
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2010-10-30
    Description: A functional immune system is important for survival in natural environments, where individuals are frequently exposed to parasites. Yet strong immune responses may have fitness costs if they deplete limited energetic resources or cause autoimmune disease. We have found associations between fitness and heritable self-reactive antibody responsiveness in a wild population of Soay sheep. The occurrence of self-reactive antibodies correlated with overall antibody responsiveness and was associated with reduced reproduction in adults of both sexes. However, in females, the presence of self-reactive antibodies was positively associated with adult survival during harsh winters. Our results highlight the complex effects of natural selection on immune responsiveness and suggest that fitness trade-offs may maintain immunoheterogeneity, including genetic variation in autoimmune susceptibility.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Graham, Andrea L -- Hayward, Adam D -- Watt, Kathryn A -- Pilkington, Jill G -- Pemberton, Josephine M -- Nussey, Daniel H -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 29;330(6004):662-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1194878.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. algraham@princeton.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/genetics/immunology/physiology ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/*blood ; Antibodies, Helminth/*blood ; Autoimmunity ; Environment ; Female ; Fertility ; *Genetic Fitness ; Immunity, Innate ; Longevity ; Male ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction ; Scotland ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sex Characteristics ; Sheep/*genetics/*immunology/physiology ; Sheep Diseases/immunology ; Survival Rate ; Trichostrongyloidea/*immunology ; Trichostrongyloidiasis/immunology/veterinary
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  • 98
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-10-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Martin, Lynn B -- Coon, Courtney A C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Oct 29;330(6004):602-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1198303.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA. lmartin@cas.usf.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030640" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/genetics/immunology/physiology ; Antibodies/*blood ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/*blood ; Autoimmunity ; Female ; *Genetic Fitness ; Immunity, Innate ; Male ; Parasitic Diseases, Animal/*immunology ; Reproduction ; Scotland ; *Selection, Genetic ; Sheep/*genetics/*immunology/physiology ; Sheep Diseases/immunology
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  • 99
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-02-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Feb 26;327(5969):1066-7. doi: 10.1126/science.327.5969.1066.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20185694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-Asthmatic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Asthma/drug therapy ; *Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines/*adverse effects ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy/prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/*drug therapy/prevention & control ; Societies, Medical ; United States ; United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality ; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
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  • 100
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-04-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, Ann -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 23;328(5977):413. doi: 10.1126/science.328.5977.413.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20413462" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Body Size ; Body Weight ; Female ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/growth & development ; Humans ; Male ; *Paleontology ; Sex Characteristics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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