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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2015-09-10
    Description: In published literature, there has been scant data on radial trajectory of the plasma focus and no comparison of computed with measured radial trajectory. This paper provides the first such comparative study. We compute the trajectories of the inward-moving radial shock and magnetic piston of UMDPF1 plasma focus and compare these with measured data taken from a streak photograph. The comparison shows agreement with the measured radial trajectory in terms of average speeds and general shape of trajectory. This paper also presents the measured trajectory of the radially compressing piston in another machine, the UMDPF0 plasma focus, confirming that the computed radial trajectory also shows similar general agreement. Features of divergence between the computed and measured trajectories, towards the end of the radial compression, are discussed. From the measured radial trajectories, an inference is made that the neutron yield mechanism could not be thermonuclear. A second inference is made regarding the speeds of axial post-pinch shocks, which are recently considered as a useful tool for damage testing of fusion-related wall materials.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-04-11
    Description: Previously identified neural correlates of deception, such as the prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and parietal regions, have proven to be unreliable neural markers of deception, most likely because activity in these regions reflects executive processes that are not specific to deception. Herein, we report the first fMRI study that provides strong preliminary evidence that the neural activity associated with perception but not executive processes could offer a better marker of deception with regard to face familiarity. Using a face-recognition task, activity in the left precuneus during the perception of familiar faces accurately marked 11 of 13 subjects who lied about not knowing faces that were in fact familiar to them. This level of classification accuracy is much higher than the level predicted by chance and agrees with other findings by experts in lie detection. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep01636
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-02-27
    Description: [1]  Summer midnightand afternoonVLF wave generation comparison experiments were conducted on July 25 and July 27, 2011, respectively, using two CW HF X-mode waves with eleven VLF frequency differences from 2 to 21.5 kHz. The background magnetic variations were at comparable levels. During the afternoonexperiment, the D region absorption was significant and increasing. The number of the ionogram echoes decreased during the afternoonexperiment. VLF signals were detected from 2 to 7.6 kHz in both experiments, showing an inverse frequency dependence of intensity, although signal intensity (except at 5.5 kHz) detected during the midnight experiment was stronger than the corresponding afternoonintensity before observing a decrease of the number of ionogram echoes. However, VLF signals from 11.5 to 21.5 (except at 19.6 kHz) were also generated in the afternoonexperiment concurrent with a decrease of the O-mode ionosonde echoes from 2 to 4 MHz. The concurrence of a decrease of the afternoon ionogram echoes, the unexpected generation of VLF waves at higher frequencies, and the increasing D region absorption throughout the experiment may be explained by the generation of large scale density irregularities, which scatter the ionosonde signals as well as couple with the modulated electrojet to generate whistler waves. A theoretical formulation of the coupling mechanism for the whistler wave generation is presented.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-01-17
    Description: Biochemistry DOI: 10.1021/bi401457r
    Print ISSN: 0006-2960
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-4995
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-10-22
    Description: Ribonuclease H2 plays an essential role for genome stability as it removes ribonucleotides misincorporated into genomic DNA by replicative polymerases and resolves RNA/DNA hybrids. Biallelic mutations in the genes encoding the three RNase H2 subunits cause Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS), an early-onset inflammatory encephalopathy that phenotypically overlaps with the autoimmune disorder systemic lupus erythematosus. Here we studied the intracellular dynamics of RNase H2 in living cells during DNA replication and in response to DNA damage using confocal time-lapse imaging and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. We demonstrate that the RNase H2 complex is assembled in the cytosol and imported into the nucleus in an RNase H2B-dependent manner. RNase H2 is not only recruited to DNA replication foci, but also to sites of PCNA-dependent DNA repair. By fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, we demonstrate a high mobility and fast exchange of RNase H2 at sites of DNA repair and replication. We provide evidence that recruitment of RNase H2 is not only PCNA-dependent, mediated by an interaction of the B subunit with PCNA, but also PCNA-independent mediated via the catalytic domain of the A subunit. We found that AGS-associated mutations alter complex formation, recruitment efficiency and exchange kinetics at sites of DNA replication and repair suggesting that impaired ribonucleotide removal contributes to AGS pathogenesis.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-06-04
    Description: Although cells express hundreds of metalloenzymes, the mechanisms by which apoenzymes receive their metal cofactors are largely unknown. Poly(rC)-binding proteins PCBP1 and PCBP2 are multifunctional adaptor proteins that bind iron and deliver it to ferritin for storage or to prolyl and asparagyl hydroxylases to metallate the mononuclear iron center. Here,...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-07-01
    Description: Parametric instabilities excited by O-mode HF heater and the induced ionospheric modification were explored via HAARP digisonde operated in a fast mode. The impact of excited Langmuir waves and upper hybrid waves on the ionosphere are manifested by bumps in the virtual spread, which expand the ionogram echoes upward as much as 140 km and the downward range spread of the sounding echoes, which exceeds 50 km over a significant frequency range. The theory of parametric instabilities is presented. The theory identifies the ionogram bump located between the 3.2 MHz heater frequency and the upper hybrid resonance frequency and the bump below the upper hybrid resonance frequency to be associated with the Langmuir and upper hybrid instabilities, respectively. The Langmuir bump is located close to the upper hybrid resonance frequency, rather than to the heater frequency, consistent with the theory. Each bump in the virtual height spread of the ionogram is similar to the cusp occurring in daytime ionograms at the E-F2 layer transition, indicating that there is a small ledge in the density profile similar to E-F2 layer transitions. The experimental results also show that the strong impact of the upper hybrid instability on the ionosphere can suppress the Langmuir instability.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-11-19
    Description: Most malaria drug development focuses on parasite stages detected in red blood cells, even though, to achieve eradication, next-generation drugs active against both erythrocytic and exo-erythrocytic forms would be preferable. We applied a multifactorial approach to a set of 〉4000 commercially available compounds with previously demonstrated blood-stage activity (median inhibitory concentration 〈 1 micromolar) and identified chemical scaffolds with potent activity against both forms. From this screen, we identified an imidazolopiperazine scaffold series that was highly enriched among compounds active against Plasmodium liver stages. The orally bioavailable lead imidazolopiperazine confers complete causal prophylactic protection (15 milligrams/kilogram) in rodent models of malaria and shows potent in vivo blood-stage therapeutic activity. The open-source chemical tools resulting from our effort provide starting points for future drug discovery programs, as well as opportunities for researchers to investigate the biology of exo-erythrocytic forms.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3473092/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3473092/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meister, Stephan -- Plouffe, David M -- Kuhen, Kelli L -- Bonamy, Ghislain M C -- Wu, Tao -- Barnes, S Whitney -- Bopp, Selina E -- Borboa, Rachel -- Bright, A Taylor -- Che, Jianwei -- Cohen, Steve -- Dharia, Neekesh V -- Gagaring, Kerstin -- Gettayacamin, Montip -- Gordon, Perry -- Groessl, Todd -- Kato, Nobutaka -- Lee, Marcus C S -- McNamara, Case W -- Fidock, David A -- Nagle, Advait -- Nam, Tae-gyu -- Richmond, Wendy -- Roland, Jason -- Rottmann, Matthias -- Zhou, Bin -- Froissard, Patrick -- Glynne, Richard J -- Mazier, Dominique -- Sattabongkot, Jetsumon -- Schultz, Peter G -- Tuntland, Tove -- Walker, John R -- Zhou, Yingyao -- Chatterjee, Arnab -- Diagana, Thierry T -- Winzeler, Elizabeth A -- R01 AI079709/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI079709-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI090141/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI090141-02/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI090141/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- WT078285/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Dec 9;334(6061):1372-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1211936. Epub 2011 Nov 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimalarials/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Drug Discovery ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Resistance ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; Humans ; Imidazoles/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Liver/*parasitology ; Malaria/*drug therapy/parasitology/prevention & control ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Structure ; Piperazines/chemistry/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Plasmodium/cytology/*drug effects/growth & development/physiology ; Plasmodium berghei/cytology/drug effects/growth & development/physiology ; Plasmodium falciparum/cytology/drug effects/growth & development/physiology ; Plasmodium yoelii/cytology/drug effects/growth & development/physiology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Small Molecule Libraries ; Sporozoites/drug effects/growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2003-12-04
    Description: During apoptosis, phosphatidylserine, which is normally restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, is exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells and has been suggested to act as an "eat-me" signal to trigger phagocytosis. It is unclear how phagocytes recognize phosphatidylserine. Recently, a putative phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) was identified and proposed to mediate recognition of phosphatidylserine and phagocytosis. We report that psr-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of PSR, is important for cell corpse engulfment. In vitro PSR-1 binds preferentially phosphatidylserine or cells with exposed phosphatidylserine. In C. elegans, PSR-1 acts in the same cell corpse engulfment pathway mediated by intracellular signaling molecules CED-2 (homologous to the human CrkII protein), CED-5 (DOCK180), CED-10 (Rac GTPase), and CED-12 (ELMO), possibly through direct interaction with CED-5 and CED-12. Our findings suggest that PSR-1 is likely an upstream receptor for the signaling pathway containing CED-2, CED-5, CED-10, and CED-12 proteins and plays an important role in recognizing phosphatidylserine during phagocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Xiaochen -- Wu, Yi-Chun -- Fadok, Valerie A -- Lee, Ming-Chia -- Gengyo-Ando, Keiko -- Cheng, Li-Chun -- Ledwich, Duncan -- Hsu, Pei-Ken -- Chen, Jia-Yun -- Chou, Bin-Kuan -- Henson, Peter -- Mitani, Shohei -- Xue, Ding -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 28;302(5650):1563-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/embryology/metabolism/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/metabolism ; Embryonic Development ; Humans ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Phagocytosis ; Phosphatidylserines/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, Marcus C S -- Schekman, Randy -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Jan 23;303(5657):479-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ADP-Ribosylation Factors/chemistry/metabolism ; Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport ; Animals ; COP-Coated Vesicles/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Clathrin/metabolism ; Coated Vesicles/chemistry/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Cytoplasmic Vesicles/chemistry/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Dimerization ; Drosophila/chemistry ; Drosophila Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism/physiology ; Dynamins/metabolism ; Endocytosis ; Exocytosis ; GTPase-Activating Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism/physiology ; Neuropeptides/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; *Protein Structure, Tertiary ; *Vesicular Transport Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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