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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2012-11-08
    Description: HBx is a multifunctional hepatitis B virus (HBV) protein that is crucial for HBV infection and pathogenesis and a contributing cause of hepatocyte carcinogenesis. However, the host targets and mechanisms of action of HBx are poorly characterized. We show here that expression of HBx in Caenorhabditis elegans induces both necrotic...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2016-02-02
    Description: Author(s): T. Koda, S. Mitani, S. Takahashi, M. Mizuguchi, K. Sato, T. J. Konno, S. Maekawa, and K. Takanashi We study the enhanced spin relaxation time of Au nanoparticles in nanopillar-shaped double-barrier junction devices with a stacked Fe/MgO/Au-nanoparticle/MgO/Fe structure. The size of Au nanoparticles located in a current path is deduced from a transmission electron micrograph and the Coulomb blocka… [Phys. Rev. B 93, 085402] Published Mon Feb 01, 2016
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-11-28
    Description: In this study, we selected 181 nematode glycogenes that are orthologous to human glycogenes and examined their RNAi phenotypes. The results are deposited in the Caenorhabditis elegans Glycogene Database (CGGDB) at AIST, Tsukuba, Japan. The most prominent RNAi phenotypes observed are disruptions of cell cycle progression in germline mitosis/meiosis and in early embryonic cell mitosis. Along with the previously reported roles of chondroitin proteoglycans, glycosphingolipids and GPI-anchored proteins in cell cycle progression, we show for the first time that the inhibition of the functions of N -glycan synthesis genes (cytoplasmic alg genes) resulted in abnormal germline formation, ER stress and small body size phenotypes. The results provide additional information on the roles of glycoconjugates in the cell cycle progression mechanisms of germline and embryonic cells.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6658
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2423
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2017-11-04
    Description: The spin Hall effect allows the generation of spin current when charge current is passed along materials with large spin-orbit coupling. It has been recently predicted that heat current in a nonmagnetic metal can be converted into spin current via a process referred to as the spin Nernst effect. We report the observation of the spin Nernst effect in W. In W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures, we find changes in the longitudinal and transverse voltages with magnetic field when temperature gradient is applied across the film. The field dependence of the voltage resembles that of the spin Hall magnetoresistance. A comparison of the temperature gradient–induced voltage and the spin Hall magnetoresistance allows direct estimation of the spin Nernst angle. We find the spin Nernst angle of W to be similar in magnitude but opposite in sign to its spin Hall angle. Under an open-circuit condition, this sign difference results in the spin current generation larger than otherwise. These results highlight the distinct characteristics of the spin Nernst and spin Hall effects, providing pathways to explore materials with unique band structures that may generate large spin current with high efficiency.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-07-23
    Description: We investigated the structure and magneto-transport properties of magnetic junctions using a Co 2 Fe(Ga 0.5 Ge 0.5 ) Heusler alloy as ferromagnetic electrodes and a Cu(In 0.8 Ga 0.2 )Se 2 (CIGS) semiconductor as spacers. Owing to the semiconducting nature of the CIGS spacer, large magnetoresistance (MR) ratios of 40% at room temperature and 100% at 8 K were obtained for low resistance-area product ( RA ) values between 0.3 and 3 Ω  μ m 2 . Transmission electron microscopy observations confirmed the fully epitaxial growth of the chalcopyrite CIGS layer, and the temperature dependence of RA indicated that the large MR was due to spin dependent tunneling.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-02-09
    Description: The non-local spin signals of Co 2 Fe(Ga 0.5 Ge 0.5 )/Cu lateral spin valves with sub-micron size dimensions were measured with varying temperatures. The non-local spin signal reaches 54 mΩ at 4 K, while it degrades down to 13 mΩ at room temperature. Analysis based on the one-dimensional spin diffusion model clarifies the dominant source for degrading of the spin signal is suppression of the spin diffusion length in Cu, not the spin polarization, indicating Co 2 Fe(Ga 0.5 Ge 0.5 ) keeps half-metallic nature even at room temperature. The temperature dependence of non-local spin signal was found to exhibit a downturn at 36 K. The presence of magnetic impurities, detrimental effect of which becomes more pronounced for diffusive transport in long Cu wires, is suggested to cause the observed downturn in non-local spin signals.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: Interface perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in ultrathin Fe/MgO (001) has been investigated using angular-dependent x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). We found that anisotropic orbital magnetic moments deduced from the analysis of XMCD contribute to the large PMA energies, whose values depend on the annealing temperature. The large PMA energies determined from magnetization measurements are related to those estimated from the XMCD and the anisotropic orbital magnetic moments through the spin-orbit interaction. The enhancement of anisotropic orbital magnetic moments can be explained mainly by the hybridization between the Fe 3 d z 2 and O 2 p z states.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2010-03-13
    Description: Chromosome fragmentation is a hallmark of apoptosis, conserved in diverse organisms. In mammals, caspases activate apoptotic chromosome fragmentation by cleaving and inactivating an apoptotic nuclease inhibitor. We report that inactivation of the Caenorhabditis elegans dcr-1 gene, which encodes the Dicer ribonuclease important for processing of small RNAs, compromises apoptosis and blocks apoptotic chromosome fragmentation. DCR-1 was cleaved by the CED-3 caspase to generate a C-terminal fragment with deoxyribonuclease activity, which produced 3' hydroxyl DNA breaks on chromosomes and promoted apoptosis. Thus, caspase-mediated activation of apoptotic DNA degradation is conserved. DCR-1 functions in fragmenting chromosomal DNA during apoptosis, in addition to processing of small RNAs, and undergoes a protease-mediated conversion from a ribonuclease to a deoxyribonuclease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313557/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313557/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakagawa, Akihisa -- Shi, Yong -- Kage-Nakadai, Eriko -- Mitani, Shohei -- Xue, Ding -- R01 GM059083/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM079097/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM59083/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM79097/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 16;328(5976):327-34. doi: 10.1126/science.1182374. Epub 2010 Mar 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20223951" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; *Apoptosis ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/*enzymology/genetics/physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Caspases/genetics/*metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; *DNA Fragmentation ; DNA, Helminth/*metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleases/*metabolism ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Helminth/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2003-12-04
    Description: During apoptosis, phosphatidylserine, which is normally restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, is exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells and has been suggested to act as an "eat-me" signal to trigger phagocytosis. It is unclear how phagocytes recognize phosphatidylserine. Recently, a putative phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) was identified and proposed to mediate recognition of phosphatidylserine and phagocytosis. We report that psr-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of PSR, is important for cell corpse engulfment. In vitro PSR-1 binds preferentially phosphatidylserine or cells with exposed phosphatidylserine. In C. elegans, PSR-1 acts in the same cell corpse engulfment pathway mediated by intracellular signaling molecules CED-2 (homologous to the human CrkII protein), CED-5 (DOCK180), CED-10 (Rac GTPase), and CED-12 (ELMO), possibly through direct interaction with CED-5 and CED-12. Our findings suggest that PSR-1 is likely an upstream receptor for the signaling pathway containing CED-2, CED-5, CED-10, and CED-12 proteins and plays an important role in recognizing phosphatidylserine during phagocytosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Xiaochen -- Wu, Yi-Chun -- Fadok, Valerie A -- Lee, Ming-Chia -- Gengyo-Ando, Keiko -- Cheng, Li-Chun -- Ledwich, Duncan -- Hsu, Pei-Ken -- Chen, Jia-Yun -- Chou, Bin-Kuan -- Henson, Peter -- Mitani, Shohei -- Xue, Ding -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 28;302(5650):1563-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14645848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/embryology/metabolism/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/cytology/metabolism ; Embryonic Development ; Humans ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases ; Membrane Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; *Phagocytosis ; Phosphatidylserines/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2008-04-26
    Description: The asymmetrical distribution of phospholipids on the plasma membrane is critical for maintaining cell integrity and physiology and for regulating intracellular signaling and important cellular events such as clearance of apoptotic cells. How phospholipid asymmetry is established and maintained is not fully understood. We report that the Caenorhabditis elegans P-type adenosine triphosphatase homolog, TAT-1, is critical for maintaining cell surface asymmetry of phosphatidylserine (PS). In animals deficient in tat-1, PS is abnormally exposed on the cell surface, and normally living cells are randomly lost through a mechanism dependent on PSR-1, a PS-recognizing phagocyte receptor, and CED-1, which contributes to recognition and engulfment of apoptotic cells. Thus, tat-1 appears to function in preventing appearance of PS in the outer leaflet of plasma membrane, and ectopic exposure of PS on the cell surface may result in removal of living cells by neighboring phagocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Darland-Ransom, Monica -- Wang, Xiaochen -- Sun, Chun-Ling -- Mapes, James -- Gengyo-Ando, Keiko -- Mitani, Shohei -- Xue, Ding -- R01 GM59083/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):528-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1155847.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436785" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Apoptosis ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/*metabolism ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Germ Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Muscle Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Phagocytosis ; Phosphatidylserines/*metabolism ; Phospholipid Transfer Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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