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  • 1
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    Who pays? Intra- versus inter-generational costs of reproduction (2016)
    Wiley
    In: Ecosphere
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Reproduction is thought to be costly for female mammals due to high energetic costs associated with pregnancy and lactation. Such costs of reproduction can be particularly high for younger females, who are less experienced and smaller than fully grown adults, and can manifest themselves within (intra-individual or intra-generational trade-offs) or between (inter-generational trade-offs) generations. Using lifetime survival and reproductive histories of 416 female golden-mantled ground squirrels ( Callospermophilus lateralis ) in Colorado, USA, we tested for the evidence of intra- and inter-generational trade-offs between age of first reproduction and fitness and its components. Females who waited to begin reproduction lived longer but they did not experience a greater number of lifetime reproductive events, did not produce larger litters, nor did they have higher lifetime reproductive success than those females who attained reproductive maturity earlier. However, delaying age of first reproduction substantially reduced individual fitness, quantified as the dominant eigenvalue of the population projection matrix, suggesting that fitness benefits of earlier maturity exceeded associated costs. Females born to mothers who delayed age of first reproduction had a higher probability of surviving to reproduce at least once during their lifetimes. Thus, in our study system, daughters pay for their mothers’ reproductive decisions, suggesting that some costs of reproduction can transcend a generation. Studies testing for costs of reproduction on survival or reproductive output within a short timeframe or those focusing within a generation may fail to detect inter-generational trade-offs.
    Electronic ISSN: 2150-8925
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley on behalf of The Ecological Society of America (ESA).
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  • 2
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    Coupled dynamics of body mass and population growth in response to environmental change (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-24
    Description: Environmental change has altered the phenology, morphological traits and population dynamics of many species. However, the links underlying these joint responses remain largely unknown owing to a paucity of long-term data and the lack of an appropriate analytical framework. Here we investigate the link between phenotypic and demographic responses to environmental change using a new methodology and a long-term (1976-2008) data set from a hibernating mammal (the yellow-bellied marmot) inhabiting a dynamic subalpine habitat. We demonstrate how earlier emergence from hibernation and earlier weaning of young has led to a longer growing season and larger body masses before hibernation. The resulting shift in both the phenotype and the relationship between phenotype and fitness components led to a decline in adult mortality, which in turn triggered an abrupt increase in population size in recent years. Direct and trait-mediated effects of environmental change made comparable contributions to the observed marked increase in population growth. Our results help explain how a shift in phenology can cause simultaneous phenotypic and demographic changes, and highlight the need for a theory integrating ecological and evolutionary dynamics in stochastic environments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ozgul, Arpat -- Childs, Dylan Z -- Oli, Madan K -- Armitage, Kenneth B -- Blumstein, Daniel T -- Olson, Lucretia E -- Tuljapurkar, Shripad -- Coulson, Tim -- P01 AG022500/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 22;466(7305):482-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. a.ozgul@imperial.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Body Weight/*physiology ; Colorado ; Female ; *Global Warming ; Hibernation/*physiology ; Marmota/*anatomy & histology/growth & development/*physiology ; Phenotype ; Population Dynamics ; Reproduction/physiology ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors ; Weaning
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Genetic restoration of the Florida panther (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: The rediscovery of remnant Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) in southern Florida swamplands prompted a program to protect and stabilize the population. In 1995, conservation managers translocated eight female pumas (P. c. stanleyana) from Texas to increase depleted genetic diversity, improve population numbers, and reverse indications of inbreeding depression. We have assessed the demographic, population-genetic, and biomedical consequences of this restoration experiment and show that panther numbers increased threefold, genetic heterozygosity doubled, survival and fitness measures improved, and inbreeding correlates declined significantly. Although these results are encouraging, continued habitat loss, persistent inbreeding, infectious agents, and possible habitat saturation pose new dilemmas. This intensive management program illustrates the challenges of maintaining populations of large predators worldwide.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, Warren E -- Onorato, David P -- Roelke, Melody E -- Land, E Darrell -- Cunningham, Mark -- Belden, Robert C -- McBride, Roy -- Jansen, Deborah -- Lotz, Mark -- Shindle, David -- Howard, JoGayle -- Wildt, David E -- Penfold, Linda M -- Hostetler, Jeffrey A -- Oli, Madan K -- O'Brien, Stephen J -- N01-CO-12400/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Sep 24;329(5999):1641-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1192891.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. warjohns@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/classification/genetics/physiology ; Ecosystem ; *Endangered Species ; Female ; Florida ; Genetic Fitness ; *Genetic Variation ; Heterozygote ; Hybrid Vigor ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Inbreeding ; Male ; Phylogeny ; Population Density ; Puma/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Reproduction ; Survival ; Texas
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Conservation. A critical crossroad for BLM's wild horse program (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garrott, Robert A -- Oli, Madan K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Aug 23;341(6148):847-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1240280.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecology Department, Fish and Wildlife Ecology and Management Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. rgarrott@montana.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23970685" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age Factors ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics ; Female ; *Horses ; Male ; Population ; Population Control/methods ; Sex Factors ; United States ; Vaccines, Contraceptive/administration & dosage
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Who pays? Intra- versus inter-generational costs of reproduction (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-01
    Electronic ISSN: 2150-8925
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley on behalf of Ecological Society of America.
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