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  • Female  (225)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (225)
  • Springer Nature
  • 1995-1999  (103)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (122)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1997  (103)
  • 1978  (122)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (225)
  • Springer Nature
Years
  • 1995-1999  (103)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (122)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    Genetic testing for cancer risk (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-14
    Description: Genetic testing for cancer susceptibility is already part of the clinical management of families with some of the well-defined (but uncommon) inherited cancer syndromes. In cases where the risks associated with a predisposing mutation are less certain, or where there is no clearly effective intervention to offer those with a positive result, its use is more controversial. Careful evaluation of costs and benefits, and of the efficacy of interventions in those found to be at risk, is essential and is only just beginning. An immediate challenge is to ensure that both health professionals and the public understand clearly the issues involved.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ponder, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 7;278(5340):1050-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 238, Level 3 Lab Block, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK. bajp@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9353178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Confidentiality ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Genetic Counseling ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Services ; *Genetic Testing ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Insurance, Life ; Male ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*genetics ; Resource Allocation ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Uncertainty
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Spectral technique paints cells in vivid new colors (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubes, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):1990.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9221504" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Chromosomes, Human/ultrastructure ; Coloring Agents ; *Cytological Techniques ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Microscopy, Interference/*methods ; Spectrum Analysis ; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Can cloning help save beleaguered species? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 30;276(5317):1329-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9190674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Zoo/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Cryopreservation ; Female ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; *Genetic Engineering/economics ; Genetic Variation ; Reproduction, Asexual ; Sheep ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Sexual selection in Asian elephants (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tiedemann, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1550-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Elephants/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Female ; Incisor/anatomy & histology ; India ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sri Lanka
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Angiopoietin-2, a natural antagonist for Tie2 that disrupts in vivo angiogenesis (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-04
    Description: Angiogenesis is thought to depend on a precise balance of positive and negative regulation. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is an angiogenic factor that signals through the endothelial cell-specific Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Like vascular endothelial growth factor, Ang1 is essential for normal vascular development in the mouse. An Ang1 relative, termed angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), was identified by homology screening and shown to be a naturally occurring antagonist for Ang1 and Tie2. Transgenic overexpression of Ang2 disrupts blood vessel formation in the mouse embryo. In adult mice and humans, Ang2 is expressed only at sites of vascular remodeling. Natural antagonists for vertebrate receptor tyrosine kinases are atypical; thus, the discovery of a negative regulator acting on Tie2 emphasizes the need for exquisite regulation of this angiogenic receptor system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Maisonpierre, P C -- Suri, C -- Jones, P F -- Bartunkova, S -- Wiegand, S J -- Radziejewski, C -- Compton, D -- McClain, J -- Aldrich, T H -- Papadopoulos, N -- Daly, T J -- Davis, S -- Sato, T N -- Yancopoulos, G D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 4;277(5322):55-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9204896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Angiopoietin-1 ; Angiopoietin-2 ; Animals ; Blood Vessels/embryology/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Ligands ; Lymphokines/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Phosphorylation ; Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptor, TIE-2 ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    NCI reverses one expert panel, sides with another (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubes, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 4;276(5309):27-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Breast Neoplasms/*prevention & control/radiography ; Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; *Mammography ; *Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Pain affect encoded in human anterior cingulate but not somatosensory cortex (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-15
    Description: Recent evidence demonstrating multiple regions of human cerebral cortex activated by pain has prompted speculation about their individual contributions to this complex experience. To differentiate cortical areas involved in pain affect, hypnotic suggestions were used to alter selectively the unpleasantness of noxious stimuli, without changing the perceived intensity. Positron emission tomography revealed significant changes in pain-evoked activity within anterior cingulate cortex, consistent with the encoding of perceived unpleasantness, whereas primary somatosensory cortex activation was unaltered. These findings provide direct experimental evidence in humans linking frontal-lobe limbic activity with pain affect, as originally suggested by early clinical lesion studies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rainville, P -- Duncan, G H -- Price, D D -- Carrier, B -- Bushnell, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 15;277(5328):968-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉D-epartement de Psychologie and Centre de Recherche en Sciences Neurologiques, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9252330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Affect/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ; Female ; Frontal Lobe/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Gyrus Cinguli/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Humans ; Hypnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain/*physiopathology/*psychology ; Pain Measurement ; Regional Blood Flow ; Regression Analysis ; Somatosensory Cortex/blood supply/*physiology/radionuclide imaging ; Thermosensing ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
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    Ethics of AZT studies in poorer countries attacked (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 16;276(5315):1022.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9173534" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Anti-HIV Agents/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use ; *Bioethics ; Caribbean Region ; *Control Groups ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/*standards ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; Placebos ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; *Pregnant Women ; Thailand ; Therapeutic Human Experimentation ; Withholding Treatment ; Zidovudine/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Fluorescence-based isolation of bacterial genes expressed within host cells (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-26
    Description: A selection strategy was devised to identify bacterial genes preferentially expressed when a bacterium associates with its host cell. Fourteen Salmonella typhimurium genes, which were under the control of at least four independent regulatory circuits, were identified to be selectively induced in host macrophages. Four genes encode virulence factors, including a component of a type III secretory apparatus. This selection methodology should be generally applicable to the identification of genes from pathogenic organisms that are induced upon association with host cells or tissues.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Valdivia, R H -- Falkow, S -- AI26195/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK38707/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 26;277(5334):2007-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. valdivia@cmgm.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9302299" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescence ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Macrophages/*microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology ; Salmonella typhimurium/*genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Spleen/microbiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    Regulation of replicon size in Xenopus egg extracts (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-14
    Description: Once a specific number of cells have been produced in the early Xenopus laevis embryo, replicon size during the S phase of the cell cycle increases. Here, it is reported that similar increase in replicon size occurred when the concentration of nuclei in replication-competent Xenopus egg extracts exceeded a critical threshold. In this system, the origin recognition complex (ORC) did not become stoichiometrically limiting for initiation, and similar amounts of this complex bound to chromatin regardless of replicon size. These data suggest that in early development, an unidentified factor controls how many preformed ORC-DNA complexes initiate DNA replication.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walter, J -- Newport, J W -- 1F32FM17980-01/PHS HHS/ -- R01FM44656/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 14;275(5302):993-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0347, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9020085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/pharmacology ; Cytarabine/pharmacology ; DNA/*metabolism ; *DNA Replication ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Female ; Origin Recognition Complex ; Ovum/*metabolism ; Replication Origin ; *Replicon ; S Phase ; Xenopus laevis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 11
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    A mouse model with features of familial combined hyperlipidemia (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-17
    Description: Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a common inherited lipid disorder, affecting 1 to 2 percent of the population in Westernized societies. Individuals with FCHL have large quantities of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and develop premature coronary heart disease. A mouse model displaying some of the features of FCHL was created by crossing mice carrying the human apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) transgene with mice deficient in the LDL receptor. A synergistic interaction between the apolipoprotein C-III and the LDL receptor defects produced large quantities of VLDL and LDL and enhanced the development of atherosclerosis. This mouse model may provide clues to the origin of human FCHL.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Masucci-Magoulas, L -- Goldberg, I J -- Bisgaier, C L -- Serajuddin, H -- Francone, O L -- Breslow, J L -- Tall, A R -- HL 21006/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL 54591/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 17;275(5298):391-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8994037" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoprotein C-III ; Apolipoproteins B/blood ; Apolipoproteins C/*genetics ; Apolipoproteins E/blood ; Arteriosclerosis/etiology ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Cholesterol/blood ; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood ; Cholesterol, VLDL/blood ; Diet ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; *Glycoproteins ; Humans ; *Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/blood/genetics ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV/genetics ; Lipoproteins/blood ; Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, LDL/*genetics/metabolism ; Transgenes ; Triglycerides/blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    Conditional mutator phenotypes in hMSH2-deficient tumor cell lines (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-05
    Description: Two human tumor cell lines that are deficient in the mismatch repair protein hMSH2 show little or no increase in mutation rate relative to that of a mismatch repair-proficient cell line when the cells are maintained in culture conditions allowing rapid growth. However, mutations accumulate at a high rate in these cells when they are maintained at high density. Thus the mutator phenotype of some mismatch repair-deficient cell lines is conditional and strongly depends on growth conditions. These observations have implications for tumor development because they suggest that mutations may accumulate in tumor cells when growth is limited.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Richards, B -- Zhang, H -- Phear, G -- Meuth, M -- R01-CA-62244/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA-09602/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1523-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Oncological Sciences, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9278518" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Count ; *Cell Division ; *DNA Repair ; DNA Replication ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Humans ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/genetics ; Microsatellite Repeats ; MutS Homolog 2 Protein ; *Mutation ; Neoplasms/*genetics/pathology ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Phenotype ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Uterine Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
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  • 13
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    Group brands AIDS trials unethical (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):519.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9148403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*drug therapy/transmission ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; *Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; *Developing Countries ; *Ethics, Medical ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Placebos ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*drug therapy ; Zidovudine/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 14
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    Publishing sensitive data: who calls the shots? Long-suppressed study finally sees light of day (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):525-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9148408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: California ; *Drug Industry ; Drugs, Generic/*pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Humans ; *Publishing ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Therapeutic Equivalency ; Thyroxine/*pharmacokinetics ; Universities
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  • 15
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    Thanks to a parasite, asexual reproduction catches on (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1743.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122678" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Butterflies/parasitology ; Female ; Male ; Moths/parasitology ; Ovum/parasitology ; *Parthenogenesis ; Rickettsiaceae/*physiology ; Wasps/microbiology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 16
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    How much pain for cardiac gain? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 30;276(5317):1324-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9190672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Exercise/*physiology/psychology ; Female ; Guidelines as Topic ; Heart Diseases/epidemiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 17
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    New insights into how babies learn language (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 1;277(5326):641.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9254430" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language Development ; Mothers ; *Phonetics ; Speech Acoustics ; *Speech Perception
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Life and death of neurons in the aging brain (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-23
    Description: Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by extensive neuron death that leads to functional decline, but the neurobiological correlates of functional decline in normal aging are less well defined. For decades, it has been a commonly held notion that widespread neuron death in the neocortex and hippocampus is an inevitable concomitant of brain aging, but recent quantitative studies suggest that neuron death is restricted in normal aging and unlikely to account for age-related impairment of neocortical and hippocampal functions. In this article, the qualitative and quantitative differences between aging and Alzheimer's disease with respect to neuron loss are discussed, and age-related changes in functional and biochemical attributes of hippocampal circuits that might mediate functional decline in the absence of neuron death are explored. When these data are viewed comprehensively, it appears that the primary neurobiological substrates for functional impairment in aging differ in important ways from those in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, J H -- Hof, P R -- AG05138/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG06647/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MHDA52145/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 17;278(5337):412-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurobiology of Aging Laboratories, the Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology, and the Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. morrison@cortex.neuro.mssm.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9334292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Animals ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Entorhinal Cortex/pathology ; Estrogens/physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/cytology/pathology/*physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Neocortex/cytology/pathology/*physiology ; *Nerve Degeneration ; Neurofibrillary Tangles/pathology ; Neurofilament Proteins/metabolism ; Neurons/cytology/pathology/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Longer tusks are healthy signs (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bagla, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):1972.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9221498" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Commerce ; Elephants/*anatomy & histology/genetics/*parasitology ; Female ; Helminthiasis, Animal/*immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; Incisor/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Parasite Egg Count/veterinary ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Study shows one-fifth of female bison infected (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baskin, Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 20;276(5320):1786.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9206836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Veterinary/microbiology ; Animals ; *Bison ; *Brucella abortus ; Brucellosis/*epidemiology/transmission ; Brucellosis, Bovine/*transmission ; Cattle ; Female ; Montana/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    Estrogen stakes claim to cognition (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 2;276(5313):675-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9157544" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*drug therapy ; Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Brain/cytology/metabolism ; Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism ; Cognition/drug effects/*physiology ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Estrogens/pharmacology/*physiology/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/drug effects/*physiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Synapses/physiology
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  • 22
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    Subtle, secret female chimpanzees (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wrangham, R W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 8;277(5327):774-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. wrangham@fas.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9273699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Female ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/*psychology ; *Reproduction ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; *Social Dominance
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    New vaccines may ward off urinary tract infections (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Service, R F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):533.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9148412" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesins, Bacterial/*immunology ; *Adhesins, Escherichia coli ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis ; *Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Escherichia coli/*immunology ; Escherichia coli Infections/*prevention & control ; Female ; *Fimbriae Proteins ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis ; Mice ; Urinary Tract Infections/immunology/*prevention & control ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage/immunology ; *Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/immunology
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  • 24
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    Quantitative trait loci for refractoriness of Anopheles gambiae to Plasmodium cynomolgi B (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-18
    Description: The severity of the malaria pandemic in the tropics is aggravated by the ongoing spread of parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs and mosquito resistance to insecticides. A strain of Anopheles gambiae, normally a major vector for human malaria in Africa, can encapsulate and kill the malaria parasites within a melanin-rich capsule in the mosquito midgut. Genetic mapping revealed one major and two minor quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for this encapsulation reaction. Understanding such antiparasite mechanisms in mosquitoes may lead to new strategies for malaria control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zheng, L -- Cornel, A J -- Wang, R -- Erfle, H -- Voss, H -- Ansorge, W -- Kafatos, F C -- Collins, F H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 18;276(5311):425-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hi.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9103203" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/*genetics/immunology/*parasitology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Genotype ; Insect Vectors/*genetics/immunology/*parasitology ; Lod Score ; Male ; Melanins/physiology ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Phenotype ; Plasmodium cynomolgi/*immunology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 25
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    Rapid colorectal adenoma formation initiated by conditional targeting of the Apc gene (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-06
    Description: Familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) is a disease characterized by the development of multiple colorectal adenomas, and affected individuals carry germline mutations in the APC gene. With the use of a conditional gene targeting system, a mouse model of FAP was created that circumvents the embryonic lethality of Apc deficiency and directs Apc inactivation specifically to the colorectal epithelium. loxP sites were inserted into the introns around Apc exon 14, and the resultant mutant allele (Apc580S) was introduced into the mouse germline. Mice homozygous for Apc580S were normal; however, upon infection of the colorectal region with an adenovirus encoding the Cre recombinase, the mice developed adenomas within 4 weeks. The adenomas showed deletion of Apc exon 14, indicating that the loss of Apc function was caused by Cre-loxP-mediated recombination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shibata, H -- Toyama, K -- Shioya, H -- Ito, M -- Hirota, M -- Hasegawa, S -- Matsumoto, H -- Takano, H -- Akiyama, T -- Toyoshima, K -- Kanamaru, R -- Kanegae, Y -- Saito, I -- Nakamura, Y -- Shiba, K -- Noda, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):120-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9311916" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli/*genetics ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Adenoviridae/genetics ; Animals ; Colon/metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/biosynthesis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Exons ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Targeting ; *Genes, APC ; Genetic Vectors ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Homozygote ; Integrases/genetics/metabolism ; Introns ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Recombination, Genetic ; *Viral Proteins
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  • 26
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    Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-06
    Description: Expression of Agouti protein is normally limited to the skin where it affects pigmentation, but ubiquitous expression causes obesity. An expressed sequence tag was identified that encodes Agouti-related protein, whose RNA is normally expressed in the hypothalamus and whose levels were increased eightfold in ob/ob mice. Recombinant Agouti-related protein was a potent, selective antagonist of Mc3r and Mc4r, melanocortin receptor subtypes implicated in weight regulation. Ubiquitous expression of human AGRP complementary DNA in transgenic mice caused obesity without altering pigmentation. Thus, Agouti-related protein is a neuropeptide implicated in the normal control of body weight downstream of leptin signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ollmann, M M -- Wilson, B D -- Yang, Y K -- Kerns, J A -- Chen, Y -- Gantz, I -- Barsh, G S -- EY07106/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- GM07365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30DK-34933/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):135-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9311920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus/metabolism ; Male ; Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology ; Melanophores/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Mice, Obese ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Obesity/etiology ; Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology ; Proteins/chemistry/genetics/pharmacology/*physiology ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3 ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 ; Receptors, Corticotropin/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, Peptide/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Xenopus
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    When should fatherhood stop? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gavrilov, L A -- Gavrilova, N S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 4;277(5322):17-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9229762" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; *Nuclear Family ; *Paternal Age
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Cross-language analysis of phonetic units in language addressed to infants (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-01
    Description: In the early months of life, infants acquire information about the phonetic properties of their native language simply by listening to adults speak. The acoustic properties of phonetic units in language input to young infants in the United States, Russia, and Sweden were examined. In all three countries, mothers addressing their infants produced acoustically more extreme vowels than they did when addressing adults, resulting in a "stretching" of vowel space. The findings show that language input to infants provides exceptionally well-specified information about the linguistic units that form the building blocks for words.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuhl, P K -- Andruski, J E -- Chistovich, I A -- Chistovich, L A -- Kozhevnikova, E V -- Ryskina, V L -- Stolyarova, E I -- Sundberg, U -- Lacerda, F -- DC 00520/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 1;277(5326):684-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357920, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9235890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; *Language Development ; Mothers ; *Phonetics ; Russia ; Speech Acoustics ; *Speech Perception ; Sweden ; United States
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  • 29
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    The origin of dogs: running with the wolves (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morell, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 13;276(5319):1647-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9206828" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Carnivora/*genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Dogs/*genetics ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Male
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    Bangkok study adds fuel to AIDS ethics debate (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1553.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Ethics, Medical ; Female ; HIV Infections/*drug therapy/transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; *Placebos ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*drug therapy ; Pregnant Women ; Thailand ; Zidovudine/*therapeutic use
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  • 31
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    Requirement for the transcription factor LSIRF/IRF4 for mature B and T lymphocyte function (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-24
    Description: Lymphocyte-specific interferon regulatory factor (LSIRF) (now called IRF4) is a transcription factor expressed only in lymphocytes. Mice deficient in IRF4 showed normal distribution of B and T lymphocyes at 4 to 5 weeks of age but developed progressive generalized lymphadenopathy. IRF4-deficient mice exhibited a profound reduction in serum immunoglobulin concentrations and did not mount detectable antibody responses. T lymphocyte function was also impaired in vivo; these mice could not generate cytotoxic or antitumor responses. Thus, IRF4 is essential for the function and homeostasis of both mature B and mature T lymphocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mittrucker, H W -- Matsuyama, T -- Grossman, A -- Kundig, T M -- Potter, J -- Shahinian, A -- Wakeham, A -- Patterson, B -- Ohashi, P S -- Mak, T W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 24;275(5299):540-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C1, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999800" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigen Presentation ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Graft vs Host Reaction ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulins/blood ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; Lymphatic Diseases/etiology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology ; Lymphoid Tissue/cytology ; Male ; Mast-Cell Sarcoma/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, SCID ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
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  • 32
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    Genetic feminization of pheromones and its behavioral consequences in Drosophila males (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-06-06
    Description: Pheromones are intraspecific chemical signals important for mate attraction and discrimination. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, hydrocarbons on the cuticular surface of the animal are sexually dimorphic in both their occurrence and their effects: Female-specific molecules stimulate male sexual excitation, whereas the predominant male-specific molecule tends to inhibit male excitation. Complete feminization of the pheromone mixture produced by males was induced by targeted expression of the transformer gene in adult oenocytes (subcuticular abdominal cells) or by ubiquitous expression during early imaginal life. The resulting flies generally exhibited male heterosexual orientation but elicited homosexual courtship from other males.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ferveur, J F -- Savarit, F -- O'Kane, C J -- Sureau, G -- Greenspan, R J -- Jallon, J M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 6;276(5318):1555-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Mecanismes de communication, Unite de Recherche Associee-CNRS 1491, Batiment 446, Universite Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay-Cedex, France. ferveur@ext.jussieu.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9171057" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Homosexuality ; Male ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Sex Attractants/genetics/*physiology ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Differentiation ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Transgenes
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  • 33
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    Neighborhoods and violent crime: a multilevel study of collective efficacy (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-15
    Description: It is hypothesized that collective efficacy, defined as social cohesion among neighbors combined with their willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good, is linked to reduced violence. This hypothesis was tested on a 1995 survey of 8782 residents of 343 neighborhoods in Chicago, Illinois. Multilevel analyses showed that a measure of collective efficacy yields a high between-neighborhood reliability and is negatively associated with variations in violence, when individual-level characteristics, measurement error, and prior violence are controlled. Associations of concentrated disadvantage and residential instability with violence are largely mediated by collective efficacy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sampson, R J -- Raudenbush, S W -- Earls, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 15;277(5328):918-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9252316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chicago ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Statistical ; *Residence Characteristics ; Social Conditions ; *Social Control, Informal ; *Social Environment ; Social Values ; Socioeconomic Factors ; *Violence
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Separate neural bases of two fundamental memory processes in the human medial temporal lobe (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-11
    Description: The participation of medial temporal-lobe structures in memory performance was examined by functional magnetic resonance imaging of local blood oxygenation level-dependent signals. Signals were measured during encoding into memory complex scenes or line drawings and during retrieval from memory of previously studied line drawings or words. Encoding tasks yielded increased signals for unfamiliar information in a posterior medial-temporal region that were focused in the parahippocampal cortex. Retrieval tasks yielded increased signals for successfully remembered information in an anterior medial-temporal region that were focused in the subiculum. These results indicate that separate components of the human medial temporal-lobe memory system are active during distinct memory processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabrieli, J D -- Brewer, J B -- Desmond, J E -- Glover, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 11;276(5310):264-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. gabrieli@psych.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9092477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mental Recall/*physiology ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Independent and additive effects of central POMC and leptin pathways on murine obesity (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: The lethal yellow (AY/a) mouse has a defect in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) signaling in the brain that leads to obesity, and is resistant to the anorexigenic effects of the hormone leptin. It has been proposed that the weight-reducing effects of leptin are thus transmitted primarily by way of POMC neurons. However, the central effects of defective POMC signaling, and the absence of leptin, on weight gain in double-mutant lethal yellow (AY/a) leptin-deficient (lepob/lepob) mice were shown to be independent and additive. Furthermore, deletion of the leptin gene restored leptin sensitivity to AY/a mice. This result implies that in the AY/a mouse, obesity is independent of leptin action, and resistance to leptin results from desensitization of leptin signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boston, B A -- Blaydon, K M -- Varnerin, J -- Cone, R D -- DK/AR517330/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK02404/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HD33703/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1641-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Agouti Signaling Protein ; Alleles ; Animals ; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus/*metabolism ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Corticosterone/blood ; Crosses, Genetic ; Eating/drug effects ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Insulin/blood ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Leptin ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Neurons/metabolism ; Obesity/genetics/*metabolism ; Pro-Opiomelanocortin/*metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Weight Gain
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    Environment and cancer: who are susceptible? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-14
    Description: Acting in concert with individual susceptibility, environmental factors such as smoking, diet, and pollutants play a role in most human cancer. However, new molecular evidence indicates that specific groups-characterized by predisposing genetic traits or ethnicity, the very young, and women-may have heightened risk from certain exposures. This is illustrated by molecular epidemiologic studies of environmental carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines. Individual genetic screening for rare high-risk traits or for more common, low-penetrant susceptibility genes is problematic and not routinely recommended. However, knowledge of the full spectrum of both genetic and acquired susceptibility in the population will be instrumental in developing health and regulatory policies that increase protection of the more susceptible groups from risks of environmental carcinogens. This will necessitate revision of current risk assessment methodologies to explicitly account for individual variation in susceptibility to environmental carcinogens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Perera, F P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 7;278(5340):1068-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University School of Public Health, 60 Haven Avenue, B-1, New York, NY 10032, USA. fpp1@columbia.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9353182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Amines/adverse effects ; Carcinogens, Environmental/*adverse effects ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/chemically induced/ethnology/*etiology/genetics/prevention & control ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The breast-screening brawl (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Taubes, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 21;275(5303):1056-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9054004" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/*mortality/prevention & control/radiography ; Consensus Development Conferences, NIH as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; *Mammography/statistics & numerical data ; *Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Attentional activation of the cerebellum independent of motor involvement (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-28
    Description: The cerebellum traditionally has been viewed as a neural device dedicated to motor control. Although recent evidence shows that it is involved in nonmotor operations as well, an important question is whether this involvement is independent of motor control and motor guidance. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to demonstrate that attention and motor performance independently activate distinct cerebellar regions. These findings support a broader concept of cerebellar function, in which the cerebellum is involved in diverse cognitive and noncognitive neurobehavioral systems, including the attention and motor systems, in order to anticipate imminent information acquisition, analysis, or action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, G -- Buxton, R B -- Wong, E C -- Courchesne, E -- R01-MH36840/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 28;275(5308):1940-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉San Diego State University-University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Attention ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebellar Cortex/physiology ; Cerebellum/*physiology ; *Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Motor Activity ; *Psychomotor Performance
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    Nonsyndromic deafness DFNA1 associated with mutation of a human homolog of the Drosophila gene diaphanous (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-21
    Description: The gene responsible for autosomal dominant, fully penetrant, nonsyndromic sensorineural progressive hearing loss in a large Costa Rican kindred was previously localized to chromosome 5q31 and named DFNA1. Deafness in the family is associated with a protein-truncating mutation in a human homolog of the Drosophila gene diaphanous. The truncation is caused by a single nucleotide substitution in a splice donor, leading to a four-base pair insertion in messenger RNA and a frameshift. The diaphanous protein is a profilin ligand and target of Rho that regulates polymerization of actin, the major component of the cytoskeleton of hair cells of the inner ear.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch, E D -- Lee, M K -- Morrow, J E -- Welcsh, P L -- Leon, P E -- King, M C -- R01-DC01076/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1315-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. eric@lynch.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9360932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/*metabolism ; *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Cochlea/metabolism ; *Contractile Proteins ; Deafness/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Drosophila/genetics ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Male ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Profilins ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; X Chromosome
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Possible function found for breast cancer genes (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marx, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):531-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9148411" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; BRCA2 Protein ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Cell Division ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, BRCA1 ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Mutation of the Stargardt disease gene (ABCR) in age-related macular degeneration (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-20
    Description: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe central visual impairment among the elderly and is associated both with environmental factors such as smoking and with genetic factors. Here, 167 unrelated AMD patients were screened for alterations in ABCR, a gene that encodes a retinal rod photoreceptor protein and is defective in Stargardt disease, a common hereditary form of macular dystrophy. Thirteen different AMD-associated alterations, both deletions and amino acid substitutions, were found in one allele of ABCR in 26 patients (16%). Identification of ABCR alterations will permit presymptomatic testing of high-risk individuals and may lead to earlier diagnosis of AMD and to new strategies for prevention and therapy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allikmets, R -- Shroyer, N F -- Singh, N -- Seddon, J M -- Lewis, R A -- Bernstein, P S -- Peiffer, A -- Zabriskie, N A -- Li, Y -- Hutchinson, A -- Dean, M -- Lupski, J R -- Leppert, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 19;277(5333):1805-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Intramural Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9295268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/*genetics/metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Macula Lutea/pathology ; Macular Degeneration/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; Pedigree ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/pathology ; Retinal Drusen/pathology ; Sequence Deletion
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    Modulating irrelevant motion perception by varying attentional load in an unrelated task (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: Lavie's theory of attention proposes that the processing load in a relevant task determines the extent to which irrelevant distractors are processed. This theory was tested by asking participants in a study to perform linguistic tasks of low or high load while ignoring irrelevant visual motion in the periphery of the display. Although task and distractor were unrelated, both functional imaging of motion-related activity in cortical area V5 and psychophysical measures of the motion aftereffect showed reduced motion processing during high load in the linguistic task. These findings fulfill the prediction that perception of irrelevant distractors depends on the relevant processing load.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rees, G -- Frith, C D -- Lavie, N -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1616-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. g.rees@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9374459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Attention/*physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Motion Perception ; Psychomotor Performance ; Superior Colliculi/physiology
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    Preattentive filling-in of visual surfaces in parietal extinction (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-31
    Description: Unilateral brain damage frequently produces "extinction," in which patients can detect brief single visual stimuli on either side but are unaware of a contralesional stimulus if presented concurrently with an ipsilesional stimulus. Explanations for extinction have invoked deficits in initial processes that operate before the focusing of visual attention or in later attentive stages of vision. Preattentive vision was preserved in a parietally damaged patient, whose extinction was less severe when bilateral stimuli formed a common surface, even if this required visual filling-in to yield illusory Kanizsa figures or completion of partially occluded figures. These results show that parietal extinction arises only after substantial processing has generated visual surfaces, supporting recent claims that visual attention is surface-based.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mattingley, J B -- Davis, G -- Driver, J -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 31;275(5300):671-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9005854" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; *Attention ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/*physiopathology ; *Extinction, Psychological ; Female ; *Form Perception ; Humans ; Parietal Lobe/*physiopathology ; Psychomotor Performance ; Visual Pathways
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    Evolutionary psychologists look for roots of cognition (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1997-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Williams, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 3;275(5296):29-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999531" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds ; *Cognition ; Female ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta/psychology ; Male ; Memory ; Reward ; *Social Sciences
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    Getting the brain's attention (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wickelgren, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):35-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9340756" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Attention/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Dopamine/*physiology ; Emotions/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; *Reward ; Ventral Tegmental Area/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Deciding advantageously before knowing the advantageous strategy (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-28
    Description: Deciding advantageously in a complex situation is thought to require overt reasoning on declarative knowledge, namely, on facts pertaining to premises, options for action, and outcomes of actions that embody the pertinent previous experience. An alternative possibility was investigated: that overt reasoning is preceded by a nonconscious biasing step that uses neural systems other than those that support declarative knowledge. Normal participants and patients with prefrontal damage and decision-making defects performed a gambling task in which behavioral, psychophysiological, and self-account measures were obtained in parallel. Normals began to choose advantageously before they realized which strategy worked best, whereas prefrontal patients continued to choose disadvantageously even after they knew the correct strategy. Moreover, normals began to generate anticipatory skin conductance responses (SCRs) whenever they pondered a choice that turned out to be risky, before they knew explicitly that it was a risky choice, whereas patients never developed anticipatory SCRs, although some eventually realized which choices were risky. The results suggest that, in normal individuals, nonconscious biases guide behavior before conscious knowledge does. Without the help of such biases, overt knowledge may be insufficient to ensure advantageous behavior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bechara, A -- Damasio, H -- Tranel, D -- Damasio, A R -- P01 NS19632/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 28;275(5304):1293-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9036851" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Brain Damage, Chronic/physiopathology/psychology ; *Decision Making ; Female ; Galvanic Skin Response ; Gambling/psychology ; Humans ; *Intuition ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology/physiopathology ; *Unconscious (Psychology)
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    Synergy paper questioned at toxicology meeting (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 28;275(5308):1879.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122688" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chlordan/metabolism/pharmacology ; Dieldrin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Endosulfan/metabolism/pharmacology ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Insecticides/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Estrogen/*drug effects/metabolism ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Forty-something breast screening (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sickles, E A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 14;275(5306):1549.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072815" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Breast Neoplasms/*prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; *Mammography ; *Mass Screening ; Middle Aged
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    The importance of a well-groomed child (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sapolsky, R M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 12;277(5332):1620-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. sapolsky@leland.stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9312858" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; *Behavior, Animal ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/secretion ; *Grooming ; *Handling (Psychology) ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; *Maternal Behavior ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
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    The inverse association between tuberculin responses and atopic disorder (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-03
    Description: Human immune responses are heterogeneous and may involve antagonism between T helper (TH) lymphocyte subsets and their cytokines. Atopy is characterized by immediate immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity to agents such as dust mites and pollen, and it underlies the increasingly prevalent disorder asthma. Among Japanese schoolchildren, there was a strong inverse association between delayed hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atopy. Positive tuberculin responses predicted a lower incidence of asthma, lower serum IgE levels, and cytokine profiles biased toward TH1 type. Exposure and response to M. tuberculosis may, by modification of immune profiles, inhibit atopic disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shirakawa, T -- Enomoto, T -- Shimazu, S -- Hopkin, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 3;275(5296):77-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lung Research Laboratory, Osler Chest Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK. jhopkin@immsvr.jr2.ox.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8974396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Asthma/epidemiology/etiology/immunology ; BCG Vaccine/immunology ; Child ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Cytokines/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed/*immunology ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/epidemiology/*etiology/immunology ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Interferon-gamma/blood ; Japan/epidemiology ; Male ; Th1 Cells/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology ; Tuberculin/*immunology ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculosis/*epidemiology/immunology
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    Bcl-2: prolonging life in a transgenic mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-25
    Description: Mutations in the gene encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase enzyme produce an animal model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS), a fatal disorder characterized by paralysis. Overexpression of the proto-oncogene bcl-2 delayed onset of motor neuron disease and prolonged survival in transgenic mice expressing the FALS-linked mutation in which glycine is substituted by alanine at position 93. It did not, however, alter the duration of the disease. Overexpression of bcl-2 also attenuated the magnitude of spinal cord motor neuron degeneration in the FALS-transgenic mice.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kostic, V -- Jackson-Lewis, V -- de Bilbao, F -- Dubois-Dauphin, M -- Przedborski, S -- NS01724/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 25;277(5325):559-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurology, Columbia University, 650 West 168 Street, BB-307, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9228005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics/mortality/pathology/*therapy ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; *Genes, bcl-2 ; *Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Motor Neurons/pathology ; Nerve Degeneration ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/analysis ; Spinal Cord/pathology ; Superoxide Dismutase/genetics/metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Ubiquitins/analysis
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    Breast-screening brawl (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kopans, D B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1721-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122674" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*mortality/prevention & control/radiography ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography/*statistics & numerical data ; Mass Screening/*statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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    Regulation of human placental development by oxygen tension (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-12
    Description: Cytotrophoblasts, specialized placental cells, proliferate early in pregnancy and then differentiate into tumor-like cells that establish blood flow to the placenta by invading the uterus and its vasculature. In this study, cytotrophoblasts cultured under hypoxic conditions (2 percent oxygen), mimicking the environment near the uterine surface before 10 weeks of gestation, continued proliferating and differentiated poorly. When cultured in 20 percent oxygen, mimicking the environment near uterine arterioles, the cells stopped proliferating and differentiated normally. Thus, oxygen tension determines whether cytotrophoblasts proliferate or invade, thereby regulating placental growth and cellular architecture.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Genbacev, O -- Zhou, Y -- Ludlow, J W -- Fisher, S J -- CA 56904/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD30367/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 12;277(5332):1669-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Stomatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0512, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9287221" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, CD/biosynthesis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Hypoxia ; Chorionic Villi/growth & development ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclins/biosynthesis ; Female ; Humans ; Integrin alpha1 ; Mitosis ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Oxygen/*physiology ; Placenta/blood supply/cytology ; Placental Lactogen/analysis ; *Placentation ; Pregnancy ; S Phase ; Trophoblasts/*cytology/metabolism
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    Induction of cell migration by matrix metalloprotease-2 cleavage of laminin-5 (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-11
    Description: Structural changes in the extracellular matrix are necessary for cell migration during tissue remodeling and tumor invasion. Specific cleavage of laminin-5 (Ln-5) by matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP2) was shown to induce migration of breast epithelial cells. MMP2 cleaved the Ln-5 gamma2 subunit at residue 587, exposing a putative cryptic promigratory site on Ln-5 that triggers cell motility. This altered form of Ln-5 is found in tumors and in tissues undergoing remodeling, but not in quiescent tissues. Cleavage of Ln-5 by MMP2 and the resulting activation of the Ln-5 cryptic site may provide new targets for modulation of tumor cell invasion and tissue remodeling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Giannelli, G -- Falk-Marzillier, J -- Schiraldi, O -- Stetler-Stevenson, W G -- Quaranta, V -- CA47858/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DE10063/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 11;277(5323):225-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9211848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast/*cytology/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/*metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; *Cell Movement ; Cell Size ; Collagenases/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix/*metabolism ; Female ; Fibrinolysin/metabolism ; Gelatinases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Metalloendopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Mice ; Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology ; Thiophenes/pharmacology
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    Association of mutations in a lysosomal protein with classical late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-20
    Description: Classical late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease whose defective gene has remained elusive. A molecular basis for LINCL was determined with an approach applicable to other lysosomal storage diseases. When the mannose 6-phosphate modification of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes was used as an affinity marker, a single protein was identified that is absent in LINCL. Sequence comparisons suggest that this protein is a pepstatin-insensitive lysosomal peptidase, and a corresponding enzymatic activity was deficient in LINCL autopsy specimens. Mutations in the gene encoding this protein were identified in LINCL patients but not in normal controls.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sleat, D E -- Donnelly, R J -- Lackland, H -- Liu, C G -- Sohar, I -- Pullarkat, R K -- Lobel, P -- DK45992/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- NS30147/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 19;277(5333):1802-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9295267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Aminopeptidases ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Codon ; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases ; Endopeptidases ; Female ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Isoelectric Point ; Lysosomes/*enzymology ; Male ; Mannosephosphates/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; *Mutation ; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses/enzymology/*genetics ; Pepstatins/pharmacology ; Peptide Hydrolases/*chemistry/deficiency/*genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serine Proteases
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    Bone sizes trace the decline of man (and woman) (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 9;276(5314):896-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9163034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Female ; Femur Head/*anatomy & histology ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male
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    Ideas on human origins evolve at anthropology gathering (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbons, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):535-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9148414" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Asia ; Biological Evolution ; Europe ; *Family ; Female ; Fossils ; *Haplotypes ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; *Longevity ; Male ; *Postmenopause
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    Transgenic knockout mice with exclusively human sickle hemoglobin and sickle cell disease (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-05
    Description: To create mice expressing exclusively human sickle hemoglobin (HbS), transgenic mice expressing human alpha-, gamma-, and betaS-globin were generated and bred with knockout mice that had deletions of the murine alpha- and beta-globin genes. These sickle cell mice have the major features (irreversibly sickled red cells, anemia, multiorgan pathology) found in humans with sickle cell disease and, as such, represent a useful in vivo system to accelerate the development of improved therapies for this common genetic disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paszty, C -- Brion, C M -- Manci, E -- Witkowska, H E -- Stevens, M E -- Mohandas, N -- Rubin, E M -- HL20985/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL31579/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- N01-HB-07086/HB/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 31;278(5339):876-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Human Genome Center and Department of Subcellular Structure, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road (MS 74-157), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. c_paszty@csa2.lbl.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9346488" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Anemia, Sickle Cell/*genetics/pathology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Globins/genetics ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic
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    Breast-screening brawl (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sowinski, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 21;275(5307):1721.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*mortality/prevention & control/radiography ; Canada ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography/*statistics & numerical data ; Mass Screening/*statistics & numerical data ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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    Prevention of mucosal Escherichia coli infection by FimH-adhesin-based systemic vaccination (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-25
    Description: Virtually all uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, the primary cause of cystitis, assemble adhesive surface organelles called type 1 pili that contain the FimH adhesin. Sera from animals vaccinated with candidate FimH vaccines inhibited uropathogenic E. coli from binding to human bladder cells in vitro. Immunization with FimH reduced in vivo colonization of the bladder mucosa by more than 99 percent in a murine cystitis model, and immunoglobulin G to FimH was detected in urinary samples from protected mice. Furthermore, passive systemic administration of immune sera to FimH also resulted in reduced bladder colonization by uropathogenic E. coli. This approach may represent a means of preventing recurrent and acute infections of the urogenital mucosa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langermann, S -- Palaszynski, S -- Barnhart, M -- Auguste, G -- Pinkner, J S -- Burlein, J -- Barren, P -- Koenig, S -- Leath, S -- Jones, C H -- Hultgren, S J -- R01DK51406/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):607-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MedImmune, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9110982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesins, Bacterial/*immunology/metabolism ; *Adhesins, Escherichia coli ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis/immunology ; Bacterial Adhesion ; *Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; Child ; Cystitis/immunology/*prevention & control ; Epithelium/microbiology ; Escherichia coli/immunology/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Escherichia coli Infections/immunology/*prevention & control ; Female ; *Fimbriae Proteins ; Fimbriae, Bacterial/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Rabbits ; Urinary Bladder/microbiology ; Vaccination ; *Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/immunology
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    The endocrinology of aging (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-23
    Description: Most aging individuals die from atherosclerosis, cancer, or dementia; but in the oldest old, loss of muscle strength resulting in frailty is the limiting factor for an individual's chances of living an independent life until death. Three hormonal systems show decreasing circulating hormone concentrations during normal aging: (i) estrogen (in menopause) and testosterone (in andropause), (ii) dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulphate (in adrenopause), and (iii) the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis (in somatopause). Physical changes during aging have been considered physiologic, but there is evidence that some of these changes are related to this decline in hormonal activity. Hormone replacement strategies have been developed, but many of their aspects remain controversial, and increasing blood hormone levels in aging individuals to those found during mid-adult life has not been uniformly proven to be safe and of benefit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamberts, S W -- van den Beld, A W -- van der Lely, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 17;278(5337):419-24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands. lamberts@inw3.azr.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9334293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Glands/physiology ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Climacteric/physiology ; Dehydroepiandrosterone/blood/therapeutic use ; Endocrine Glands/*physiology ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Female ; Frail Elderly ; Human Growth Hormone/secretion/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Menopause/physiology ; Pituitary Gland/physiology ; Testosterone/blood/therapeutic use
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    The architecture of hearing (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 14;278(5341):1223-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins/*genetics/physiology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Cilia/ultrastructure ; Cochlea/metabolism ; Connexins/*genetics ; Deafness/*genetics/pathology ; Dyneins ; Female ; Gap Junctions/physiology/ultrastructure ; Genes, Recessive ; Hair Cells, Auditory/physiology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Neurologic Mutants ; Mutation ; Myosins/*genetics ; Pedigree
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    Bison study marks radical shift for research council (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lawler, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 20;276(5320):1786-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9206837" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Veterinary/microbiology ; Animals ; *Bison ; *Brucella abortus ; Brucellosis/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary ; Brucellosis, Bovine/*transmission ; Cattle ; Female ; Montana/epidemiology ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; United States
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    Newfound gene holds key to cell's cholesterol traffic (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 11;277(5323):180-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9235630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Carrier Proteins ; Child ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Niemann-Pick Diseases/*genetics/metabolism ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    New tumor suppressor found--twice (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 28;275(5308):1876-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Brain Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Glioma/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; Patents as Topic ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism/physiology ; Publishing ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Identification of a gene that causes primary open angle glaucoma (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-31
    Description: Glaucoma is a major cause of blindness and is characterized by progressive degeneration of the optic nerve and is usually associated with elevated intraocular pressure. Analyses of sequence tagged site (STS) content and haplotype sharing between families affected with chromosome 1q-linked open angle glaucoma (GLC1A) were used to prioritize candidate genes for mutation screening. A gene encoding a trabecular meshwork protein (TIGR) mapped to the narrowest disease interval by STS content and radiation hybrid mapping. Thirteen glaucoma patients were found to have one of three mutations in this gene (3.9 percent of the population studied). One of these mutations was also found in a control individual (0.2 percent). Identification of these mutations will aid in early diagnosis, which is essential for optimal application of existing therapies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, E M -- Fingert, J H -- Alward, W L -- Nguyen, T D -- Polansky, J R -- Sunden, S L -- Nishimura, D -- Clark, A F -- Nystuen, A -- Nichols, B E -- Mackey, D A -- Ritch, R -- Kalenak, J W -- Craven, E R -- Sheffield, V C -- EY02477/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY08905/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY10564/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 31;275(5300):668-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ophthalmology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9005853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Eye Proteins/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*genetics ; *Glycoproteins ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; Trabecular Meshwork/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    PTEN, a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase gene mutated in human brain, breast, and prostate cancer (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-28
    Description: Mapping of homozygous deletions on human chromosome 10q23 has led to the isolation of a candidate tumor suppressor gene, PTEN, that appears to be mutated at considerable frequency in human cancers. In preliminary screens, mutations of PTEN were detected in 31% (13/42) of glioblastoma cell lines and xenografts, 100% (4/4) of prostate cancer cell lines, 6% (4/65) of breast cancer cell lines and xenografts, and 17% (3/18) of primary glioblastomas. The predicted PTEN product has a protein tyrosine phosphatase domain and extensive homology to tensin, a protein that interacts with actin filaments at focal adhesions. These homologies suggest that PTEN may suppress tumor cell growth by antagonizing protein tyrosine kinases and may regulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis through interactions at focal adhesions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, J -- Yen, C -- Liaw, D -- Podsypanina, K -- Bose, S -- Wang, S I -- Puc, J -- Miliaresis, C -- Rodgers, L -- McCombie, R -- Bigner, S H -- Giovanella, B C -- Ittmann, M -- Tycko, B -- Hibshoosh, H -- Wigler, M H -- Parsons, R -- 5R35 CA39829/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 28;275(5308):1943-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072974" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 ; Female ; Frameshift Mutation ; *Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Glioblastoma/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Microfilament Proteins/chemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms/*genetics ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; *Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; Phosphotyrosine/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Sequence Deletion ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; *Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Repair of adult rat corticospinal tract by transplants of olfactory ensheathing cells (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-26
    Description: The upper cervical corticospinal tract was transected on one side in adult rats. A suspension of ensheathing cells cultured from adult rat olfactory bulb was injected into the lesion site. This induced unbranched, elongative growth of the cut corticospinal axons. The axons grew through the transplant and continued to regenerate into the denervated caudal host tract. Rats with complete transections and no transplanted cells did not use the forepaw on the lesioned side for directed reaching. Rats in which the transplanted cells had formed a continuous bridge across the lesion exhibited directed forepaw reaching on the lesioned side.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Y -- Field, P M -- Raisman, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 26;277(5334):2000-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Norman and Sadie Lee Research Centre, Division of Neurobiology, National Institute for Medical Research, Medical Research Council, London NW7 1AA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9302296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Axons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Brain Tissue Transplantation ; Cell Transplantation ; Cells, Cultured ; Denervation ; Female ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myelin Sheath/physiology ; *Nerve Regeneration ; Neuroglia/physiology/*transplantation/ultrastructure ; Olfactory Bulb/*cytology ; Olfactory Nerve/*cytology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/*physiology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*surgery
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Will Dolly send in the clones? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, E -- Williams, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 7;275(5305):1415-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072804" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Molecular ; Embryo Transfer/veterinary ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Interphase ; Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology ; *Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Ovum/cytology ; Reproduction, Asexual ; Sheep/embryology/*genetics
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    Failure of parturition in mice lacking the prostaglandin F receptor (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-01
    Description: Mice lacking the gene encoding the receptor for prostaglandin F2alpha (FP) developed normally but were unable to deliver normal fetuses at term. Although these FP-deficient mice showed no abnormality in the estrous cycle, ovulation, fertilization, or implantation, they did not respond to exogenous oxytocin because of the lack of induction of oxytocin receptor (a proposed triggering event in parturition), and they did not show the normal decline of serum progesterone concentrations that precedes parturition. Ovariectomy at day 19 of pregnancy restored induction of the oxytocin receptor and permitted successful delivery in the FP-deficient mice. These results indicate that parturition is initiated when prostaglandin F2alpha interacts with FP in ovarian luteal cells of the pregnant mice to induce luteolysis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sugimoto, Y -- Yamasaki, A -- Segi, E -- Tsuboi, K -- Aze, Y -- Nishimura, T -- Oida, H -- Yoshida, N -- Tanaka, T -- Katsuyama, M -- Hasumoto, K -- Murata, T -- Hirata, M -- Ushikubi, F -- Negishi, M -- Ichikawa, A -- Narumiya, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 1;277(5326):681-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9235889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Corpus Luteum/*metabolism ; Dinoprost/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; *Labor, Obstetric ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Ovariectomy ; Oxytocin/biosynthesis/pharmacology ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone/blood ; Receptors, Oxytocin/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics/*metabolism ; Uterine Contraction/drug effects ; Uterus/metabolism
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    Effectiveness of anthracycline against experimental prion disease in Syrian hamsters (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-16
    Description: Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative conditions characterized by the accumulation of protease-resistant forms of the prion protein (PrP), termed PrPres, in the brain. Insoluble PrPres tends to aggregate into amyloid fibrils. The anthracycline 4'-iodo-4'-deoxy-doxorubicin (IDX) binds to amyloid fibrils and induces amyloid resorption in patients with systemic amyloidosis. To test IDX in an experimental model of prion disease, Syrian hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally either with scrapie-infected brain homogenate or with infected homogenate coincubated with IDX. In IDX-treated hamsters, clinical signs of disease were delayed and survival time was prolonged. Neuropathological examination showed a parallel delay in the appearance of brain changes and in the accumulation of PrPres and PrP amyloid.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tagliavini, F -- McArthur, R A -- Canciani, B -- Giaccone, G -- Porro, M -- Bugiani, M -- Lievens, P M -- Bugiani, O -- Peri, E -- Dall'Ara, P -- Rocchi, M -- Poli, G -- Forloni, G -- Bandiera, T -- Varasi, M -- Suarato, A -- Cassutti, P -- Cervini, M A -- Lansen, J -- Salmona, M -- Post, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 16;276(5315):1119-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Istituto Nazionale Neurologico Carlo Besta, via Celoria 11, 20133 Milano, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9148807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amyloid/metabolism ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/metabolism ; Cricetinae ; Doxorubicin/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Mesocricetus ; Prions/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Scrapie/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Tubulin/analysis
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    Mutation in the alpha-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with a lifetime incidence of approximately 2 percent. A pattern of familial aggregation has been documented for the disorder, and it was recently reported that a PD susceptibility gene in a large Italian kindred is located on the long arm of human chromosome 4. A mutation was identified in the alpha-synuclein gene, which codes for a presynaptic protein thought to be involved in neuronal plasticity, in the Italian kindred and in three unrelated families of Greek origin with autosomal dominant inheritance for the PD phenotype. This finding of a specific molecular alteration associated with PD will facilitate the detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Polymeropoulos, M H -- Lavedan, C -- Leroy, E -- Ide, S E -- Dehejia, A -- Dutra, A -- Pike, B -- Root, H -- Rubenstein, J -- Boyer, R -- Stenroos, E S -- Chandrasekharappa, S -- Athanassiadou, A -- Papapetropoulos, T -- Johnson, W G -- Lazzarini, A M -- Duvoisin, R C -- Di Iorio, G -- Golbe, L I -- Nussbaum, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):2045-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Genetic Disease Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1430, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9197268" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Genetic Markers ; Greece ; Humans ; Italy ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Parkinson Disease/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; *Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Synucleins ; alpha-Synuclein
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    Potency of combined estrogenic pesticides (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ramamoorthy, K -- Wang, F -- Chen, I C -- Safe, S -- Norris, J D -- McDonnell, D P -- Gaido, K W -- Bocchinfuso, W P -- Korach, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 17;275(5298):405-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9005556" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dieldrin/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Synergism ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Insecticides/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Toxaphene/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    A 5-year initiative slowly takes shape (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Nov 28;278(5343):1558.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9411774" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *Women's Health
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    Differential effects of early hippocampal pathology on episodic and semantic memory (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-07-18
    Description: Global anterograde amnesia is described in three patients with brain injuries that occurred in one case at birth, in another by age 4, and in the third at age 9. Magnetic resonance techniques revealed bilateral hippocampal pathology in all three cases. Remarkably, despite their pronounced amnesia for the episodes of everyday life, all three patients attended mainstream schools and attained levels of speech and language competence, literacy, and factual knowledge that are within the low average to average range. The findings provide support for the view that the episodic and semantic components of cognitive memory are partly dissociable, with only the episodic component being fully dependent on the hippocampus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vargha-Khadem, F -- Gadian, D G -- Watkins, K E -- Connelly, A -- Van Paesschen, W -- Mishkin, M -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jul 18;277(5324):376-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London Medical School, Wolfson Centre, Mecklenburgh Square, London WC1N 2AP, UK. fkhadem@ich.ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9219696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Amnesia/*pathology/physiopathology/psychology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology/physiopathology ; Child ; Female ; Hippocampus/*pathology/physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; *Memory ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Temporal Lobe/pathology/physiopathology
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    Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-13
    Description: Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences were analyzed from 162 wolves at 27 localities worldwide and from 140 domestic dogs representing 67 breeds. Sequences from both dogs and wolves showed considerable diversity and supported the hypothesis that wolves were the ancestors of dogs. Most dog sequences belonged to a divergent monophyletic clade sharing no sequences with wolves. The sequence divergence within this clade suggested that dogs originated more than 100,000 years before the present. Associations of dog haplotypes with other wolf lineages indicated episodes of admixture between wolves and dogs. Repeated genetic exchange between dog and wolf populations may have been an important source of variation for artificial selection.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vila, C -- Savolainen, P -- Maldonado, J E -- Amorim, I R -- Rice, J E -- Honeycutt, R L -- Crandall, K A -- Lundeberg, J -- Wayne, R K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 13;276(5319):1687-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9180076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Breeding ; Carnivora/*genetics ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Dogs/classification/*genetics ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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    Testing the power of prayer (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cox, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 13;276(5319):1630-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9206821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Disorders/*therapy ; *Mental Healing ; Religion and Medicine ; Rheumatic Diseases/*therapy
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    Maternal care, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-12
    Description: Variations in maternal care affect the development of individual differences in neuroendocrine responses to stress in rats. As adults, the offspring of mothers that exhibited more licking and grooming of pups during the first 10 days of life showed reduced plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone responses to acute stress, increased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA expression, enhanced glucocorticoid feedback sensitivity, and decreased levels of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone messenger RNA. Each measure was significantly correlated with the frequency of maternal licking and grooming (all r's 〉 -0.6). These findings suggest that maternal behavior serves to "program" hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress in the offspring.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, D -- Diorio, J -- Tannenbaum, B -- Caldji, C -- Francis, D -- Freedman, A -- Sharma, S -- Pearson, D -- Plotsky, P M -- Meaney, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 12;277(5332):1659-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Developmental Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H4H 1R3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9287218" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Corticosterone/blood/pharmacology ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics ; Feedback ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Grooming ; Handling (Psychology) ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/*physiology ; *Maternal Behavior ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics/*metabolism ; Stress, Physiological/*physiopathology
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    Phylogenetic analysis: getting its day in court (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 14;275(5306):1559-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072818" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Female ; *Forensic Medicine ; HIV/*genetics ; HIV Infections/*transmission ; *Homicide ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Phylogeny ; United States
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  • 80
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    Lessons from litigation over silicone breast implants: a call for activism by scientists (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenbaum, J T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 6;276(5318):1524-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3375 S.W. Terwillger, Portland, OR 97201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9190690" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Autoimmune Diseases/etiology ; *Breast Implants/adverse effects ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; *Expert Testimony ; Female ; Humans ; *Legislation, Medical/economics ; Oregon ; *Silicones ; United States
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  • 81
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    Effect of transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of IgE on the IgE response (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-18
    Description: B cells use immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgD as antigen receptors, but after contact with antigen they can switch and use IgG, IgA, or IgE. In mice lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of IgE, serum IgE is reduced by more than 95 percent and, after immunization, specific responses are negligible. In mice lacking most of the cytoplasmic tail of IgE, serum IgE levels are reduced by 50 percent and specific responses are reduced by 40 to 80 percent, without a clear secondary response. Thus, membrane expression is indispensable for IgE secretion in vivo, and the cytoplasmic tail influences the degree and quality of the response.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Achatz, G -- Nitschke, L -- Lamers, M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 18;276(5311):409-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck-Institut fur Immunbiologie, Stubeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9103198" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody-Producing Cells/immunology ; *Antigen Presentation ; Cytoplasm ; Dimerization ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Immunoglobulin E/blood/chemistry/genetics/*immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Immunologic Memory ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Nippostrongylus ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Strongylida Infections/immunology ; Th2 Cells/immunology
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  • 82
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    The influence of dominance rank on the reproductive success of female chimpanzees (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-08
    Description: Female chimpanzees often forage alone and do not display obvious linear dominance hierarchies; consequently, it has been suggested that dominance is not of great importance to them. However, with the use of data from a 35-year field study of chimpanzees, high-ranking females were shown to have significantly higher infant survival, faster maturing daughters, and more rapid production of young. Given the foraging behavior of chimpanzees, high rank probably influences reproductive success by helping females establish and maintain access to good foraging areas rather than by sparing them stress from aggression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pusey, A -- Williams, J -- Goodall, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 8;277(5327):828-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jane Goodall Institute's Center for Primate Studies, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. pusey001@maroon.tc.umn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9242614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Longevity ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/physiology/*psychology ; *Reproduction ; Sexual Maturation ; *Social Dominance ; Tanzania
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 83
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    Women not shortchanged in trials? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, Constance -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 14;275(5306):1571-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11644903" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dissent and Disputes ; Federal Government ; Female ; Government ; Group Processes ; Heart Diseases ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Patient Selection ; Politics ; *Prejudice ; Public Policy ; *Research Subjects ; United States ; *Women ; Women's Health
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 84
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    Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-10
    Description: Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in grapes and other food products, was purified and shown to have cancer chemopreventive activity in assays representing three major stages of carcinogenesis. Resveratrol was found to act as an antioxidant and antimutagen and to induce phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (anti-initiation activity); it mediated anti-inflammatory effects and inhibited cyclooxygenase and hydroperoxidase functions (antipromotion activity); and it induced human promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation (antiprogression activity). In addition, it inhibited the development of preneoplastic lesions in carcinogen-treated mouse mammary glands in culture and inhibited tumorigenesis in a mouse skin cancer model. These data suggest that resveratrol, a common constituent of the human diet, merits investigation as a potential cancer chemopreventive agent in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jang, M -- Cai, L -- Udeani, G O -- Slowing, K V -- Thomas, C F -- Beecher, C W -- Fong, H H -- Farnsworth, N R -- Kinghorn, A D -- Mehta, R G -- Moon, R C -- Pezzuto, J M -- P01 CA48112/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 10;275(5297):218-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8985016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Anticarcinogenic Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Antimutagenic Agents/pharmacology ; Carcinogens ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 1 ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Female ; Fruit/*chemistry ; Humans ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced/prevention & control ; Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/*prevention & control ; Peroxidases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Precancerous Conditions/prevention & control ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Skin Neoplasms/chemically induced/prevention & control ; Stilbenes/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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    Cocaine wreaks subtle damage on developing brains (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):38-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9340757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Attention/*drug effects ; Behavior/*drug effects ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Brain/*drug effects/growth & development/physiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cocaine/*adverse effects ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism ; Serotonin/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
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  • 86
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    Substantial genetic influence on cognitive abilities in twins 80 or more years old (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-06
    Description: General and specific cognitive abilities were studied in intact Swedish same-sex twin pairs 80 or more years old for whom neither twin had major cognitive, sensory, or motor impairment. Resemblance for 110 identical twin pairs significantly exceeded resemblance for 130 fraternal same-sex twin pairs for all abilities. Maximum-likelihood model-fitting estimates of heritability were 62 percent for general cognitive ability, 55 percent for verbal ability, 32 percent for spatial ability, 62 percent for speed of processing, and 52 percent for memory. There was also evidence for the significant influence of idiosyncratic experience as the environmental component that most determines individual differences in cognitive abilities late in life.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McClearn, G E -- Johansson, B -- Berg, S -- Pedersen, N L -- Ahern, F -- Petrill, S A -- Plomin, R -- AG08861/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 6;276(5318):1560-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Developmental and Health Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9171059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/genetics ; *Cognition ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence/*genetics ; Intelligence Tests ; Likelihood Functions ; Male ; Registries ; Sweden ; Twins, Dizygotic/genetics ; Twins, Monozygotic/genetics
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  • 87
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    Predictive value of Drosophila (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeSalle Rob -- Bang, R -- Yudell, M -- Meier, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 14;275(5306):1549-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Drosophila/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; *Genes, Insect ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; *Sexual Behavior ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal
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  • 88
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    AIB1, a steroid receptor coactivator amplified in breast and ovarian cancer (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-15
    Description: Members of the recently recognized SRC-1 family of transcriptional coactivators interact with steroid hormone receptors to enhance ligand-dependent transcription. AIB1, a member of the SRC-1 family, was cloned during a search on the long arm of chromosome 20 for genes whose expression and copy number were elevated in human breast cancers. AIB1 amplification and overexpression were observed in four of five estrogen receptor-positive breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. Subsequent evaluation of 105 unselected specimens of primary breast cancer found AIB1 amplification in approximately 10 percent and high expression in 64 percent of the primary tumors analyzed. AIB1 protein interacted with estrogen receptors in a ligand-dependent fashion, and transfection of AIB1 resulted in enhancement of estrogen-dependent transcription. These observations identify AIB1 as a nuclear receptor coactivator whose altered expression may contribute to development of steroid-dependent cancers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Anzick, S L -- Kononen, J -- Walker, R L -- Azorsa, D O -- Tanner, M M -- Guan, X Y -- Sauter, G -- Kallioniemi, O P -- Trent, J M -- Meltzer, P S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 15;277(5328):965-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9252329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Breast/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Estradiol/metabolism/pharmacology ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Ligands ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/*genetics/metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2 ; Ovarian Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 89
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    A "master control" gene for fly eyes shares its power (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roush, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 31;275(5300):618-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9019817" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics/growth & development ; Eye/growth & development ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genes, Regulator ; Male ; Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate/*growth & development
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  • 90
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    Size variation in Middle Pleistocene humans (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-22
    Description: It has been suggested that European Middle Pleistocene humans, Neandertals, and prehistoric modern humans had a greater sexual dimorphism than modern humans. Analysis of body size variation and cranial capacity variation in the large sample from the Sima de los Huesos site in Spain showed instead that the sexual dimorphism is comparable in Middle Pleistocene and modern populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arsuaga, J L -- Carretero, J M -- Lorenzo, C -- Gracia, A -- Martinez, I -- Bermudez de Castro, J M -- Carbonell, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Aug 22;277(5329):1086-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departamento de Paleontologia, Instituto de Geologia Economica, Facultad de Ciencias Geologicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria 28040 Madrid, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9262474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Constitution ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics ; Skull/*anatomy & histology ; Spain
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  • 91
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    Males mutate more, bird study shows (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickman, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9340755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*genetics ; Animals ; Birds/*genetics ; Female ; Male ; *Mutation ; *Sex Characteristics ; Sex Chromosomes/*genetics
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  • 92
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    No bones about a genetic switch for bone growth (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickman, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 6;276(5318):1502.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9190687" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cleidocranial Dysplasia/genetics ; Female ; *Genes, Switch ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; *Neoplasm Proteins ; Osteoblasts/cytology ; Osteogenesis/*genetics ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology
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  • 93
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    HOX gene links limb, genital defects (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickman, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Mar 14;275(5306):1568.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9072822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abnormalities, Multiple/*genetics ; Animals ; Female ; Foot Deformities, Congenital/*genetics ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Hallux/abnormalities ; Hand Deformities, Congenital/*genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Penis/abnormalities ; Thumb/abnormalities ; Uterus/*abnormalities
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  • 94
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    NIH case ends with mysteries unsolved (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 26;277(5334):1920.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9333943" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Crime ; Female ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Occupational Exposure ; Phosphorus Radioisotopes/*poisoning ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/etiology ; Radiation Dosage ; *Research Personnel ; United States
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  • 95
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    Selection for survival? (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Benoist, C -- Mathis, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jun 27;276(5321):2000-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (INSERM, CNRS, ULP), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 6704 Illkirch, C.U. de Strasbourg, France. cb@titus.u-strasbg.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9221508" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Cell Division ; Cell Survival ; Female ; H-2 Antigens/immunology ; H-Y Antigen/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D ; Humans ; *Immunologic Memory ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 96
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    Vascular system defects and impaired cell chemokinesis as a result of Galpha13 deficiency (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-24
    Description: Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) participate in cellular signaling and regulate a variety of physiological processes. Disruption of the gene encoding the G protein subunit alpha13 (Galpha13) in mice impaired the ability of endothelial cells to develop into an organized vascular system, resulting in intrauterine death. In addition, Galpha13 (-/-) embryonic fibroblasts showed greatly impaired migratory responses to thrombin. These results demonstrate that Galpha13 participates in the regulation of cell movement in response to specific ligands, as well as in developmental angiogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Offermanns, S -- Mancino, V -- Revel, J P -- Simon, M I -- AG 12288/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- GM 34236/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 24;275(5299):533-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology 147-75, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood ; Bradykinin/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Movement/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology/embryology ; Female ; Fibronectins/pharmacology ; GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Lysophospholipids/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Signal Transduction ; Thrombin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    Brain regions responsive to novelty in the absence of awareness (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-05-23
    Description: Brain regions responsive to novelty, without awareness, were mapped in humans by positron emission tomography. Participants performed a simple reaction-time task in which all stimuli were equally likely but, unknown to them, followed a complex sequence. Measures of behavioral performance indicated that participants learned the sequences even though they were unaware of the existence of any order. Once the participants were trained, a subtle and unperceived change in the nature of the sequence resulted in increased blood flow in a network comprising the left premotor area, left anterior cingulate, and right ventral striatum. Blood flow decreases were observed in the right dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal areas. The time course of these changes suggests that the ventral striatum is responsive to novel information, and the right prefrontal area is associated with the maintenance of contextual information, and both processes can occur without awareness.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berns, G S -- Cohen, J D -- Mintun, M A -- MH 49815/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 May 23;276(5316):1272-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9157889" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Awareness/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Corpus Striatum/physiology ; Female ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; Learning/*physiology ; Linguistics ; Male ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Perception/*physiology ; Psychomotor Performance ; Reaction Time ; Tomography, Emission-Computed
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Breast-implant ruling sends a message (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 3;275(5296):21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Implants/*adverse effects ; *Expert Testimony ; Female ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; *Liability, Legal ; Silicones/*adverse effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    The homeotic gene lin-39 and the evolution of nematode epidermal cell fates (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-10-23
    Description: The fate of ventral epidermal cells differs among nematode species. Nonvulval cells fuse with the epidermis in Caenorhabditis elegans, whereas the homologous cells undergo apoptosis in Pristionchus pacificus. The homeotic gene lin-39 is involved in the regulation of these epidermal cell fates. In Caenorhabditis, lin-39 prevents cell fusion of potential vulval cells and specifies the vulva equivalence group. Pristionchus vulvaless mutants that displayed apoptosis of the vulval precursor cells were isolated, and point mutations in lin-39 were identified. Thus, the evolution of these epidermal cell fates is driven by different intrinsic properties of homologous cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Eizinger, A -- Sommer, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Oct 17;278(5337):452-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max-Planck Institut fur Entwicklungsbiologie, Abteilung Zellbiologie, Spemannstrasse 35, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9334302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/genetics/growth & development ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Lineage ; Epidermis/cytology ; Exons ; Female ; *Genes, Helminth ; *Genes, Homeobox ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Rhabditida/*cytology/*genetics ; Stem Cells/cytology ; Vulva/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Differential ligand activation of estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta at AP1 sites (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-09-05
    Description: The transactivation properties of the two estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta, were examined with different ligands in the context of an estrogen response element and an AP1 element. ERalpha and ERbeta were shown to signal in opposite ways when complexed with the natural hormone estradiol from an AP1 site: with ERalpha, 17beta-estradiol activated transcription, whereas with ERbeta, 17beta-estradiol inhibited transcription. Moreover, the antiestrogens tamoxifen, raloxifene, and Imperial Chemical Industries 164384 were potent transcriptional activators with ERbeta at an AP1 site. Thus, the two ERs signal in different ways depending on ligand and response element. This suggests that ERalpha and ERbeta may play different roles in gene regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Paech, K -- Webb, P -- Kuiper, G G -- Nilsson, S -- Gustafsson, J -- Kushner, P J -- Scanlan, T S -- GM 50672/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1508-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0446, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9278514" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Diethylstilbestrol/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Estradiol/analogs & derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Estrogen Antagonists/*pharmacology ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Estrogen Receptor beta ; Estrogens/*pharmacology ; Female ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Ligands ; Piperidines/metabolism/pharmacology ; Polyunsaturated Alkamides ; Raloxifene Hydrochloride ; Rats ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; Tamoxifen/metabolism/pharmacology ; Transcription Factor AP-1/*genetics ; *Transcriptional Activation/drug effects ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Uterus/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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