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  • 1
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    Ultraviolet extrapolations in finite oscillator bases (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-30
    Description: Author(s): S. König, S. K. Bogner, R. J. Furnstahl, S. N. More, and T. Papenbrock The use of finite harmonic oscillator spaces in many-body calculations introduces both infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) errors. The IR effects are well approximated by imposing a hard-wall boundary condition at a properly identified radius L eff . We show that duality of the oscillator implies that ... [Phys. Rev. C 90, 064007] Published Mon Dec 29, 2014
    Keywords: Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction, Few-Body Systems
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
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    Variability in the Surface Temperature and Melt Extent of the Greenland Ice Sheet from MODIS (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-02-13
    Description: ABSTRACT [1]  [1] Satellite-derived Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ice-surface temperature (IST) of the Greenland ice sheet shows a positive trend and two major melt events from 2000-present. IST increased by ~0.55 ± 0.44 °C/decade, with the greatest increase (~0.95 ± 0.44 °C/decade) found in northwestern Greenland where coastal temperatures and mass loss are also increasing and outlet glaciers are accelerating. IST shows the highest rates of increase during summer (~1.35 ± 0.47 °C/decade) and winter (~1.30 ± 1.53 °C/decade), followed by spring (~0.60 ± 0.98 °C/decade). In contrast, a decrease in IST was found in the autumn (~-1.49 ± 1.20 °C /decade). The IST trends in this work are not statistically significant with the exception of the trend in northwestern Greenland. Major surface melt (covering 80 percent or more of the ice sheet) occurred during the 2002 and 2012 melt seasons where clear-sky measurements show a maximum melt of ~87 and ~95 percent of the ice sheet surface, respectively. In 2002 most of the extraordinary melt was ephemeral, whereas in 2012 the ice sheet not only experienced more total melt, but melt was more persistent, and the 2012 summer was the warmest in the MODIS record (-6.38 ± 3.98 °C). Our data show that major melt events may not be particularly rare during the present period of ice sheet warming.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Deuteron electrodisintegration with unitarily evolved potentials (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-17
    Description: Author(s): S. N. More, S. König, R. J. Furnstahl, and K. Hebeler Renormalization-group (RG) methods used to soften Hamiltonians for nuclear many-body calculations change the effective resolution of the interaction. For nucleon knockout processes, these RG transformations leave cross sections invariant, but initial-state wave functions, interaction currents, and f… [Phys. Rev. C 92, 064002] Published Mon Dec 14, 2015
    Keywords: Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction, Few-Body Systems
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 4
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    Adaptive non-collinear autocorrelation of few-cycle pulses with an angular tunable bi-mirror (2016)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-03
    Description: Adaptive autocorrelation with an angular tunable micro-electro-mechanical system is reported. A piezo-actuated Fresnel bi-mirror structure was applied to measure the second order autocorrelation of near-infrared few-cycle laser pulses in a non-collinear setup at tunable superposition angles. Because of enabling measurements with variable scaling and minimizing the influence of distortions by adaptive self-reconstruction, the approach extends the capability of autocorrelators. Flexible scaling and robustness against localized amplitude obscurations are demonstrated. The adaptive reconstruction of temporal frequency information by the Fourier analysis of autocorrelation data is shown. Experimental results and numerical simulations of the beam propagation and interference are compared for variable angles.
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 5
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    Extensive liquid meltwater storage in firn within the Greenland ice sheet (2014)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-31
    Description: Nature Geoscience 7, 95 (2014). doi:10.1038/ngeo2043 Authors: Richard R. Forster, Jason E. Box, Michiel R. van den Broeke, Clément Miège, Evan W. Burgess, Jan H. van Angelen, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Lora S. Koenig, John Paden, Cameron Lewis, S. Prasad Gogineni, Carl Leuschen & Joseph R. McConnell Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet contributes significantly to present sea level rise. High meltwater runoff is responsible for half of Greenland’s mass loss. Surface melt has been spreading and intensifying in Greenland, with the highest ever surface area melt and runoff recorded in 2012. However, how surface melt water reaches the ocean, and how fast it does so, is poorly understood. Firn—partially compacted snow from previous years—potentially has the capacity to store significant amounts of melt water in liquid or frozen form, and thus delay its contribution to sea level. Here we present direct observations from ground and airborne radar, as well as ice cores, of liquid water within firn in the southern Greenland ice sheet. We find a substantial amount of water in this firn aquifer that persists throughout the winter, when snow accumulation and melt rates are high. This represents a previously unknown storage mode for water within the ice sheet. We estimate, using a regional climate model, aquifer area at about 70,000 km2 and the depth to the top of the water table as 5–50 m. The perennial firn aquifer could be important for estimates of ice sheet mass and energy budget.
    Print ISSN: 1752-0894
    Electronic ISSN: 1752-0908
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 6
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    Sensitivity and response of Bhutanese glaciers to atmospheric warming (2012)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-09
    Description: Glacierized change in the Himalayas affects river-discharge, hydro-energy and agricultural production, and Glacial Lake Outburst Flood potential, but its quantification and extent of impacts remains highly uncertain. Here we present conservative, comprehensive and quantitative predictions for glacier area and meltwater flux changes in Bhutan, monsoonal Himalayas. In particular, we quantify the uncertainties associated with the glacier area and meltwater flux changes due to uncertainty in climate data, a critical problem for much of High Asia. Based on a suite of gridded climate data and a robust glacier melt model, our results show that glacier area and meltwater change projections can vary by an order of magnitude for different climate datasets. However, the most conservative results indicate that, even if climate were to remain at the present-day mean values, almost 10% of Bhutan's glacierized area would vanish and the meltwater flux would drop by as much as 30%. Under the conservative scenario of an additional 1°C regional warming, glacier retreat is going to continue until about 25% of Bhutan's glacierized area will have disappeared and the annual meltwater flux, after an initial spike, would drop by as much as 65%.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    Geochemistry of Magnetite from Hydrothermal Ore Deposits and Host Rocks of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Supergroup, United States (2012)
    Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-01
    Description: Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) is a common and widespread accessory mineral in many host rocks and mineral deposits. We used electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis, and oxygen isotope analysis to test whether magnetite from the five following geologic settings in western Montana and northern Idaho has distinct geochemical signatures: (1) greenschist facies burial metamorphic rocks of the Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, (2) sediment-hosted stratiform Cu-Ag deposits (Spar Lake and Rock Creek) in Belt Supergroup metasedimentary rocks, (3) hydrothermal Ag-Pb-Zn veins of the Coeur d’Alene district, (4) extensively deformed and partially altered Belt Supergroup host rocks from the Coeur d’Alene district, and (5) two Cretaceous postmetamorphic igneous intrusions. EMPA results show that magnetite from each of these five settings is essentially pure Fe 3 O 4 , but LA-ICP-MS analyses results show that magnetite from these five settings has trace element concentrations that generally vary over less than one order of magnitude. These magnetite occurrences show subtle compositional differences that generally correlate with temperatures, as determined by oxygen isotope geothermometry. Burial metamorphic magnetite from the Coeur d’Alene host rocks has the smallest overall trace element contents. Chromium, Co, and Zn are depleted in both hydrothermal and host-rock magnetite from the Coeur d’Alene district. In contrast, magnetite from postmetamorphic igneous rocks in the Belt terrane has relatively large Mg, V, Co, and Mn values, consistent with its formation at relatively high temperatures and subsequent subsolidus reequilibration. Factor analysis was used to trace any underlying or latent relationships among elements that are likely to be incorporated into the magnetite structure. Factor analysis provides geochemical discrimination of at least three types of magnetite in the Belt terrane: (1) Mg-Mn, (2) Ga-Zn-Cr, and (3) Co-Ni-V magnetite. Hydrothermal magnetite from the Gold Hunter siderite vein shows characteristically high values for factor 1. Factor 2 is most pronounced in magnetite from the burial metamorphic host rocks and the sediment-hosted Cu-Ag deposits. Furthermore, factor 2 indicates that Ga, Zn, and Cr concentrations are lower on average in hydrothermal and host-rock magnetite from the Coeur d’Alene district. Factor 3 divides igneous magnetite from other magnetite occurrences. This factor also subdivides magnetite of an alkalic-ultramafic intrusive complex from that of the granitic stock. Hydrothermal magnetite from siderite and calcite veins in the Coeur d’Alene district has consistently low scores for factor 3. The geochemistry of magnetite can be a useful discriminator and pathfinder for hydrothermal deposits. The relatively low formation temperature and the metamorphic history of the Belt terrane led to low trace element concentrations and subtle differences between magnetite from different geologic settings. Nevertheless, by combining LA-ICP-MS analysis and factor analysis, compositional variations between groups of magnetite samples from different geologic settings can be recognized.
    Print ISSN: 0361-0128
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Economic Geologists (SEG)
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  • 8
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    Prevention of mucosal Escherichia coli infection by FimH-adhesin-based systemic vaccination (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-25
    Description: Virtually all uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, the primary cause of cystitis, assemble adhesive surface organelles called type 1 pili that contain the FimH adhesin. Sera from animals vaccinated with candidate FimH vaccines inhibited uropathogenic E. coli from binding to human bladder cells in vitro. Immunization with FimH reduced in vivo colonization of the bladder mucosa by more than 99 percent in a murine cystitis model, and immunoglobulin G to FimH was detected in urinary samples from protected mice. Furthermore, passive systemic administration of immune sera to FimH also resulted in reduced bladder colonization by uropathogenic E. coli. This approach may represent a means of preventing recurrent and acute infections of the urogenital mucosa.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langermann, S -- Palaszynski, S -- Barnhart, M -- Auguste, G -- Pinkner, J S -- Burlein, J -- Barren, P -- Koenig, S -- Leath, S -- Jones, C H -- Hultgren, S J -- R01DK51406/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 25;276(5312):607-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MedImmune, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9110982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adhesins, Bacterial/*immunology/metabolism ; *Adhesins, Escherichia coli ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis/immunology ; Bacterial Adhesion ; *Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; Child ; Cystitis/immunology/*prevention & control ; Epithelium/microbiology ; Escherichia coli/immunology/metabolism/pathogenicity ; Escherichia coli Infections/immunology/*prevention & control ; Female ; *Fimbriae Proteins ; Fimbriae, Bacterial/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Rabbits ; Urinary Bladder/microbiology ; Vaccination ; *Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Extreme wind-ice interaction over Recovery Ice Stream, East Antarctica (2015)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-12
    Description: Surface snow accumulation over East Antarctica is an important climate indicator but a difficult parameter to constrain. Surface mass ablation prevails over persistent wind-scour zones as the near-surface katabatic winds accelerate over steep ice surface topography, sublimate and redistribute snow. Here we quantify ablation rates and downwind redeposition of snow over wind-scour zones in the upper Recovery Ice Stream catchment. Airborne radio echo-soundings show a gradual ablation of ~16-18 m of firn , corresponding to ~200 years of accumulation, over these zones and ablation rates of ~ -54 kg m -2 a -1 (-54 mm water equivalent a -1 ). We conclude that mass loss is dominated by sublimation and removed from the surface as water vapor, because snow redeposition downslope of the wind-scour zones constitutes only a small fraction (〈10%) of the cumulative mass loss.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 10
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    Pliocene warmth, polar amplification, and stepped Pleistocene cooling recorded in NE Arctic Russia (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: Understanding the evolution of Arctic polar climate from the protracted warmth of the middle Pliocene into the earliest glacial cycles in the Northern Hemisphere has been hindered by the lack of continuous, highly resolved Arctic time series. Evidence from Lake El'gygytgyn, in northeast (NE) Arctic Russia, shows that 3.6 to 3.4 million years ago, summer temperatures were ~8 degrees C warmer than today, when the partial pressure of CO2 was ~400 parts per million. Multiproxy evidence suggests extreme warmth and polar amplification during the middle Pliocene, sudden stepped cooling events during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition, and warmer than present Arctic summers until ~2.2 million years ago, after the onset of Northern Hemispheric glaciation. Our data are consistent with sea-level records and other proxies indicating that Arctic cooling was insufficient to support large-scale ice sheets until the early Pleistocene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brigham-Grette, Julie -- Melles, Martin -- Minyuk, Pavel -- Andreev, Andrei -- Tarasov, Pavel -- DeConto, Robert -- Koenig, Sebastian -- Nowaczyk, Norbert -- Wennrich, Volker -- Rosen, Peter -- Haltia, Eeva -- Cook, Tim -- Gebhardt, Catalina -- Meyer-Jacob, Carsten -- Snyder, Jeff -- Herzschuh, Ulrike -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1421-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1233137. Epub 2013 May 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. juliebg@geo.umass.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23661643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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